since since 1945 1945
7years5 7years5 VANADIS 8 SUPERCLEAN UDDEHOLM VANADIS 8 SUPERCLEAN REFERENCE STANDARD
AISI WNr. JIS
ASSAB DF-3 ARNE O1 1.2510 SKS 3
ASSAB XW-10 RIGOR A2 1.2363 SKD 12
ASSAB XW-42 SVERKER 21 D2 1.2379 (SKD 11)
CALMAX / CARMO CALMAX / CARMO 1.2358
VIKING VIKING / CHIPPER (1.2631)
CALDIE CALDIE
ASSAB 88 SLEIPNER
ASSAB PM 23 SUPERCLEAN VANADIS 23 SUPERCLEAN (M3:2) 1.3395 (SKH 53)
ASSAB PM 30 SUPERCLEAN VANADIS 30 SUPERCLEAN (M3:2 + Co) 1.3294 SKH 40
ASSAB PM 60 SUPERCLEAN VANADIS 60 SUPERCLEAN (1.3292)
VANADIS 4 EXTRA SUPERCLEAN VANADIS 4 EXTRA SUPERCLEAN
VANADIS 8 SUPERCLEAN VANADIS 8 SUPERCLEAN
VANCRON SUPERCLEAN VANCRON SUPERCLEAN
ELMAX SUPERCLEAN ELMAX SUPERCLEAN
VANAX SUPERCLEAN VANAX SUPERCLEAN
ASSAB 518 P20 1.2311
ASSAB 618 T (P20) (1.2738)
ASSAB 618 / 618 HH (P20) 1.2738
ASSAB 718 SUPREME / 718 HH IMPAX SUPREME / IMPAX HH (P20) 1.2738
NIMAX / NIMAX ESR NIMAX / NIMAX ESR
VIDAR 1 ESR VIDAR 1 ESR H11 1.2343 SKD 6
UNIMAX UNIMAX
CORRAX CORRAX
ASSAB 2083 420 1.2083 SUS 420J2
STAVAX ESR STAVAX ESR (420) (1.2083) (SUS 420J2)
MIRRAX ESR MIRRAX ESR (420)
MIRRAX 40 MIRRAX 40 (420)
TYRAX ESR TYRAX ESR
POLMAX POLMAX (420) (1.2083) (SUS 420J2)
ROYALLOY ROYALLOY (420 F)
COOLMOULD COOLMOULD
ASSAB 2714 1.2714 SKT 4
ASSAB 2344 H13 1.2344 SKD 61
ASSAB 8407 2M ORVAR 2M H13 1.2344 SKD 61
ASSAB 8407 SUPREME ORVAR SUPREME H13 Premium 1.2344 SKD 61
DIEVAR DIEVAR
QRO 90 SUPREME QRO 90 SUPREME
FORMVAR FORMVAR 20190618 ( ) - modified grade
“ASSAB” and the logo are trademark registered. The information contained herein is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their uses. Therefore, it should not be construed as a warranty of specific properties of the products described or a warranty for fitness for a particular purpose. Each user of ASSAB products is responsible for making its own determination as to the suitability of ASSAB products and services.
Edition 20200409
2 | VANADIS 8 SUPERCLEAN CRITICAL TOOL APPLICATIONS STEEL PROPERTIES Vanadis 8 SuperClean is especially suitable for very long run tooling where abrasive wear is the dominating FOR GOOD TOOL PERFORMANCE problem. Its very good combination of extremely high z Correct hardness for the application wear resistance and good toughness also make Vanadis 8 SuperClean an interesting alternative in applications z Very high wear resistance where tooling made of such materials as cemented z Sufficient toughness to prevent premature failure carbide or high speed steels tends to chip or crack. due to chipping/crack formation Examples: High wear resistance is often associated with low z Blanking and forming toughness and vice-versa. However, for optimal tool z performance both high wear resistance and toughness Fine blanking are essential in many cases. z Blanking of electrical sheet z Vanadis 8 SuperClean is a powder metallurgical cold Gasket stamping work tool steel offering a combination of extremely z Deep drawing high wear resistance and good toughness. z Cold forging z Slitting knives (paper and foil) FOR TOOLMAKING z Powder pressing z Granulator knives z Machinability z Extruder screws etc. z Heat treatment z Dimensional stability in heat treatment z Surface treatment Toolmaking with highly alloyed steels means that machining and heat treatment are often more of a GENERAL problem than with the lower alloyed grades. This can, Vanadis 8 SuperClean is a chromium-molybdenum- of course, raise the cost of toolmaking. vanadium alloyed steel which is characterised by: Due to the very carefully balanced alloying and the z Very high abrasive and adhesive wear resistance powder metallurgical manufacturing route, Vanadis 8 z High compressive strength, 64 HRC SuperClean has a similar heat treatment procedure to z Very good through-hardening properties the steel AISI D2. One very big advantage with Vanadis z Good ductility 8 SuperClean is that the dimensional stability after hardening and tempering is much better than for the z Very good stability in hardening conventionally produced high performance cold work z Good resistance to tempering back steels. This also means that Vanadis 8 SuperClean is a z Good machining and grinding properties tool steel which is very suitable for surface coatings.
C Si Mn Cr Mo V Typical analysis % 2.3 0.4 0.4 4.8 3.6 8.0
Delivery Soft annealed to ≤ 270 HB condition
VANADIS 8 SUPERCLEAN | 3 PROPERTIES MACHINABILITY
PHYSICAL DATA Relative machinability for ASSAB PM SuperClean steel Vanadis 8 SuperClean, ASSAB PM 23 SuperClean and Hardened and tempered to 62 HRC. Vanadis 4 Extra SuperClean compared with a 10% Vanadium steel from another producer, PM10V. Temperature 20°C 200°C 400°C
Density 7 460 - - kg/m3
Modulus of elasticity 230 000 210 000 200 000 MPa Coefficient of thermal Turning uncoated carbide Drilling uncoated HSS expansion - 10.8 x 10-6 11.6 x 10-6 /oC from 20oC Machinablity Thermal conductivity 1 - 25 28 W/moC 0.8 Specific heat 470 - J/kgoC 0.6
0.4
0.2 DUCTILITY Impact test unnotched, CR2 (thickness direction). PM 10V Vanadis 8 ASSAB Vanadis 4 The impact strengths shown, are average values. PM 23 Extra Vanadis 8 SuperClean and ASSAB PM 23 SuperClean have a similar impact strength. HEAT TREATMENT
STRESS RELIEVING After rough machining the tool should be heated Joule through to 650°C, holding time 2 hours. Cool slowly 100 to 500°C, then freely in air. 90 Vanadis 4 Extra 80 HARDENING 70 Pre-heating temperature: First preheating at 600 – 60 650°C and second at 850 – 900°C 50 Austenitising temperature: 1020 – 1180°C 40 Holding time: 30 minutes for hardening temperatures 30 Vanadis 8 and up to 1100°C, 15 minutes for temperatures higher ASSAB PM 60 ASSAB PM 23 20 than 1100°C. 10 Note: Holding time = time at hardening temperature after the tool is fully heated through. A holding time 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 of less than recommended time will result in loss of HRC hardness. The tool should be protected against decarburisation and oxidation during hardening.
4 | VANADIS 8 SUPERCLEAN QUENCHING MEDIA z Vacuum (high speed gas at sufficient over pressure minimum 2 bar) z Martempering bath or fluidized bed at 200 – 550°C z Forced air/gas Note: Temper the tool as soon as its temperature reaches 50 – 70°C. In order to obtain the optimum properties for the tool, the cooling rate should be as fast as possible with regards to acceptable distortion. A slow quench rate will result in loss of hardness compared with the given tempering curves. Martempering should be followed by forced air cooling if wall thickness is exceeding 50 mm.
CCT-GRAPH Austenitising temperature 1020°C. Holding time 30 minutes. oC 1100 Austenitising temperature 1020oC. Holding time 30 min. 1000 Ac = 865oC 900 1f Ac = 818oC 800 1s Carbide Cooling Hardness T 800-500 700 Curve HV10 (sec) Pearlite No. 600 1 853 1 2 822 28 500 3 761 450 400 Bainite 4 793 1030 300 5 721 2325 Ms 6 533 5215 200 Martensite 7 518 7320 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 469 10 400 1 10 100 1000 10 000 100 000 Seconds
1 10 100 1000 Minutes
1 10 100 Hours
0.2 1.5 10 90 600 Air cooling of bars, Ø mm
VANADIS 8 SUPERCLEAN | 5 TEMPERING TEMPERING GRAPH
Choose the tempering temperature according to the Hardness hardness required by reference to the tempering graph. 66 Temper at least twice with intermediate cooling to Austenitising temperature 64 room temperature. 1180oC For highest dimensional stability and ductility, a 62 minimum temperature of 540°C and three tempers 1100°C is strongly recommended. 60 Tempering at a lower temperature than 540°C may increase the hardness and compressive strength 58 to some extent but also impair cracking resistance and dimensional stability. However, if lowering the 56 tempering temperature, do not temper below 520°C. 1020°C When tempering twice the minimum holding time at 54 temperature is 2 hours. When tempering three times the minimum holding time is 1 hour. 52
50 450 500 550 600 650 oC Tempering temperature, 2 x 2h The tempering curves are obtained after heat treatment of samples with a size of 15 x 15 x 40 mm, cooling in forced air. Lower hardness can be expected after heat treatment of tools and dies due to factors like actual tool size and heat treatment parameters.
6 | VANADIS 8 SUPERCLEAN CUTTING DATA MILLING
RECOMMENDATIONS FACE AND SQUARE SHOULDER MILLING
The cutting data below are to be considered as Turning with carbide Cutting data guiding values which must be adapted to existing local parameter Rough milling Fine milling conditions. Cutting speed (V ) Delivery condition: Soft annealed to ≤ 270 HB c 40 – 70 70 – 100 m/min
TURNING Feed (f) 0.2 – 0.4 0.1 – 0.2 mm/tooth Turning with Turning with carbide high speed Depth of cut (a ) Cutting data steel p 2 – 4 1 – 2 mm parameter Rough Fine turning Fine turning * * turning Carbide designation K20, P10–P20 K15, P10 ISO C3, C7-C6 C3, C7 Cutting speed (Vc) 70 – 100 100 – 120 8 – 10 * Use a wear resistant Al 0 -coated carbide grade m/min 2 3
Feed (f) 0.2 – 0.4 0.05 – 0.2 0.05 – 0.3 mm/rev END MILLING Depth of cut (a ) p 2 – 4 0.5 – 2 0.5 – 3 mm Type of end mill Cutting data Carbide parameter High speed * * Solid carbide indexable Carbide designation K20, K15, steel - insert ISO P10 – P20 P10 C2, C7–C6 C3–C7 Cutting speed (V ) c 35 – 45 70 – 90 5 – 8 1) m/min * Use a wear resistant Al O - coated carbide grade 2 3 Feed. (f) 0.01 – 0.2 2) 0.06 – 0.20 2) 0.01 – 0.3 2) mm/tooth
3) DRILLING Carbide designation K15 – – ISO P10–P20 HIGH SPEED STEEL TWIST DRILL C3, C7–C6
1) Drill diameter Cutting speed (Vc) Feed (f) For coated HSS end mill vc = 12 – 16 m/min. mm m/min mm/rev 2) Depending on radial depth of cut and cutter diameter 3) Use a wear resistant Al2O3-coated carbide grade ≤ 5 8 – 10* 0.05 – 0.15 5–10 8 – 10* 0.15 – 0.20 10–15 8 – 10* 0.20 – 0.25 15–20 8 – 10* 0.25 – 0.35 GRINDING * For coated HSS drill vc = 14–16 m/min. A general grinding wheel recommendation is given below. More information can be found in the “Grinding CARBIDE DRILL of tool steel" brochure.
Type of drill Annealed Hardened Type of grinding Cutting data condition condition parameter Indexable 1) Solid carbide Carbide tip B151 R50 B3* insert Face grinding straight wheel A 46 HV A 46 GV Cutting speed (V ) c 90 – 120 50 – 70 25 – 35 m/min Face grinding segments A 36 GV A 46 GV B151 R50 B3* Feed. (f) Cylindrical grinding A 60 KV 0.05 – 0.15 2) 0.08 – 0.20 3) 0.15 – 0.25 4) A60 KV mm/rev R151 R75 B3* Internal grinding A 60 JV A 60 JV 1) Drill with replaceable or brazed carbide tip B126 R100 B6* 2) Feed rate for drill diameter 20 – 40 mm Profile grinding A 100 IV A 100 JV 3) Feed rate for drill diameter 5 – 20 mm 4) Feed rate for drill diameter 10 – 20 mm * If possible, use CBN-wheels for this application
VANADIS 8 SUPERCLEAN | 7 ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE For optimal performance the EDM’d surface should then be ground/polished and the tool retem pered MACHINING — EDM at approx. 25°C lower than the original tempering temperature. If EDM is performed in the hardened and When EDM’ing larger sizes or complicated shapes tempered condition, finish with “fine- Vanadis 8 SuperClean should be tempered at high sparking”, i.e. low current, high frequency. temperatures, above 540°C.
RELATIVE COMPARISON OF ASSAB COLD WORK TOOL STEEL
MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND RESISTANCE TO FAILURE MECHANISMS
Resistance to Fatigue cracking resistance Hardness/ Resistance Ductility/ Toughness/ to plastic Dimension Abrasive Adhesive resistance to gross ASSAB Grade deformation Machinability Grindability stability wear wear/Galling chipping cracking Conventional cold work tool steel ASSAB DF-3 ASSAB XW-10 ASSAB XW-42 Calmax Caldie (ESR) ASSAB 88 Powder metallurgical tool steel Vanadis 4 Extra* Vanadis 8* Vancron* Powder metallurgical high speed steel ASSAB PM 23* ASSAB PM 30* ASSAB PM 60* Conventional high speed steel ASSAB M2 * ASSAB PM SuperClean Tool Steel
8 | VANADIS 8 SUPERCLEAN POWDER METALLURGY PROCESS
HEAT TREATMENT
ROLLING MILL FORGING
MACHINING
STOCK
VANADIS 8 SUPERCLEAN | 9 THE POWDER METALLURGY PROCESS
In the powder metallurgy process nitrogen gas is HEAT TREATMENT used to atomise the melted steel into small droplets, Prior to delivery all of the different bar materials or grains. Each of these small grains solidifies quickly are subjected to a heat treatment operation, either and there is little time for carbides to grow. These as soft annealing or hardening and tempering. These powder grains are then compacted to an ingot in operations provide the steel with the right balance a hot isostatic press (HIP) at high temperature and between hardness and toughness. pressure. The ingot is then rolled or forged to steel bars by conventional methods. MACHINING The resulting structure is completely homogeneous Before the material is finished and put into stock, we steel with randomly distributed small carbides, also rough machine the bar profiles to required size harmless as sites for crack initiation but still protecting and exact tolerances. In the lathe machining of large the tool from wear. dimensions, the steel bar rotates against a stationary Large slag inclusions can take the role as sites cutting tool. In peeling of smaller dimensions, the for crack initiation instead. Therefore, the cutting tools revolve around the bar. powder metallurgical process has been further To safeguard our quality and guarantee the integrity of developed in stages to improve the cleanliness the tool steel we perform both surface- and ultrasonic of the steel. Powder steel from Uddeholm and inspections on all bars. We then remove the bar ends ASSAB is today of the third generation and is and any defects found during the inspection. considered the cleanest powder metallurgy tool steel product on the market.
FURTHER INFORMATION Please contact your local ASSAB office for further information on the selection, heat treatment, application and availability of ASSAB tool steel.
10 | VANADIS 8 SUPERCLEAN ASSAB SUPERIOR TOOLING SOLUTIONS A ONE-STOP SHOP
ASSAB is unmatched as a one-stop product and service provider that offers superior tooling solutions. In addition to the supply of tool steel and other special steel, our range of comprehensive value- added services, such as machining, heat treatment and coating services, span the entire supply chain to ensure convenience, accountability and optimal usage of steel for customers. We are committed to achieving solutions for our customers, with a constant eye on time-to-market and total tooling economy. Choosing the right steel is of vital importance. ASSAB engineers and metallurgists are always ready to assist you in your choice of the optimum steel grade and the best treatment for each application. ASSAB not only supplies steel products with superior quality, we offer state-of-the-art machining, heat treatment and surface treatment services to enhance steel properties to meet your requirement in the shortest lead time. Using a holistic approach as a one-stop solution provider, we are more than just another tool steel supplier.
ASSAB and Uddeholm are present on every continent. This ensures you that high quality tool steel and local support are available wherever you are. Together we secure our position as the world’s leading supplier of tooling materials.
For more information, please visit www.assab.com