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AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL/ HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RISK APPRAISAL Land at Sawbridgeworth Hertfordshire CM21

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AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL/ HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RISK APPRAISAL Land at Sawbridgeworth Hertfordshire CM21 AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL/ HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RISK APPRAISAL Land At Sawbridgeworth Hertfordshire CM21 9ED July 2017 Local Planning Authority: East Hertfordshire District Council Site centred at: NGR c. 548585,215960 Author: Approved by: Simon Blatherwick BA, MA, MCIfA Report Status: Final Issue Date: July 2017 CgMs Ref: JAC23410 © CgMs Limited (part of the RPS Group) No part of this report is to be copied in any way without prior written consent. Every effort is made to provide detailed and accurate information, however, CgMs Limited cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies within this report. © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Legal & Policy Framework 3.0 Baseline Data 4.0 Conclusions 5.0 Sources LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site Location Fig. 2 Hertfordshire HER Records Search Fig. 3 Lidar Data APPENDICES Appendix 1: Hertfordshire HER Records Appendix 2: Sawbridge Conservation Area Appraisal S:\Job Nos\JAC (15)\JAC23410 - Sawbridgeworth - Archaeology\Reports\Summary Review\CgMs format\170711 Land at Sawbridgeworth - Archaeology and Historic Environment Risk Appraisal.doc 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 RPS has been commissioned by Countryside Properties to prepare an Archaeological and Historic Environment initial risk appraisal in relation to the land at Sawbridgeworth NGR c. 548585, 215960. The three phases of the site (Figure 1) cover an area of circa 6 hectares (ha). 1.2 This report will provide a document that sets out an initial risk appraisal for the site in relation to archaeology and the historic environment. The document will not be acceptable for planning submission purposes. 1.3 The scope of this document is as follows; • A search of the Hertfordshire Historic Environment Records database for archaeological sites, and other heritage assets, recorded within a circa 1,000m (1 km) radius of the site centre NGR. The 1km Search Area crossed over into the neighbouring county of Essex but a search of the Essex HER was not undertaken. However web-based information on assets in Essex has been reviewed and is discussed. Results of the HER Search are discussed below and presented as Figure 2 with Appendix 1 listing the entries. • An examination of national and local planning policies in relation to heritage assets; • An inspection of on-line geological maps; • A map regression exercise looking at the cartographic evidence for the proposed development site; • An assessment of available web based historical and documentary evidence including the Sawbridgeworth Conservation Area Appraisal (Appendix 2); • An indication of constraints that development on the site may face from archaeology and the historic environment. Site Location 1.4 The site is bounded to the west by the A1184 and to the south by Cherry Grove / Marylands. Northfield House is located centrally to the site. S:\Job Nos\JAC (15)\JAC23410 - Sawbridgeworth - Archaeology\Reports\Summary Review\CgMs format\170711 Land at Sawbridgeworth - Archaeology and Historic Environment Risk Appraisal.doc 2 2.0 LEGAL & POLICY FRAMEWORK Legal Framework Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 2.1 Chapter 46 describes the purposes of the Act as to make provision for the investigation, preservation and recording of matters of archaeological or historical interest and (in connection therewith) for the regulation of operations or activities affecting such matters. 2.2 For the purposes of the Act the site of a Scheduled Monument includes not only the land on which it is situated but also any land comprising or adjoining it which appears to the Secretary of State or a local authority … to be essential for the monument’s support and preservation. (61.9) Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 2.3 Listed buildings and their settings are protected under the provisions of the Town and Country Planning Act 1971, as amended by the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. Listed building and their settings need not be preserved unchanged, but development should in all but exceptional cases, aim to preserve the building’s historic or architectural interest. 2.4 Conservation Areas (and their settings) are also protected under the provisions of the Town and Country Planning Act 1971 and the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. These impose on local authorities the duty to identify and protect areas worthy of preservation or enhancement. Again, development is not precluded, but it is the presumption that all development within the Conservation Area or its setting should aim to preserve or enhance the area’s historic character or appearance. National Planning Policy The National Planning Policy Framework (Conserving and enhancing the historic environment) 2.5 The NPPF (Section 12: Conserving and enhancing the historic environment) indicates that in determining applications local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary. Where a site on which development is proposed includes or has the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation. (Paragraph 128) S:\Job Nos\JAC (15)\JAC23410 - Sawbridgeworth - Archaeology\Reports\Summary Review\CgMs format\170711 Land at Sawbridgeworth - Archaeology and Historic Environment Risk Appraisal.doc 3 2.6 In addition to the information that is required to be submitted with a planning application, NPPF indicates that Local Planning Authorities should identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset that may be affected by a proposal (including by development affecting the setting of a heritage asset) taking account of the available evidence and any necessary expertise (Paragraph 129). 2.7 In determining planning applications, local planning authorities should take account of: • “the desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets; • the positive contribution that conservation of heritage assets can make to sustainable communities; and • the desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness.” (Paragraph 131) 2.8 NPPF also sets out that when considering the impact of a proposed development on the significance of a designated heritage asset, weight should be given to the asset’s conservation. The more important the asset, the greater the weighting should be. The NPPF states that the significance of a heritage asset can be harmed or lost through alteration or destruction of the heritage asset or development within its setting and sets out that; “As heritage assets are irreplaceable, any harm or loss should require clear and convincing justification. Substantial harm to or loss of a grade II listed building, park or garden should be exceptional. Substantial harm to or loss of designated heritage assets of the highest significance, notably scheduled monuments, protected wreck sites, battlefields, grade I and II* listed buildings, grade I and II* registered parks and gardens, and World Heritage Sites, should be wholly exceptional.” (Paragraph 132) 2.9 The NPPF (Paragraph 135) also sets out that the effect of an application on the significance of a non-designated heritage asset should be taken into account in determining the application. In weighing applications that affect directly or indirectly non designated heritage assets, a balanced judgement will be required having regard to the scale of any harm or loss and the significance of the heritage asset. 2.10 Paragraph 139 sets out that non-designated heritage assets of archaeological interest that are of equivalent significance to scheduled monuments, should be considered subject to the policies for designated heritage assets. 2.11 With regard to setting, the NPPF states (Paragraph 128) that local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. 2.12 Setting is described as: S:\Job Nos\JAC (15)\JAC23410 - Sawbridgeworth - Archaeology\Reports\Summary Review\CgMs format\170711 Land at Sawbridgeworth - Archaeology and Historic Environment Risk Appraisal.doc 4 “… the surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may be neutral.” (DCLG, 2012 Annex 2: Glossary) 2.13 Significance is described as: “The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. That interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s
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