Isozyme Diversity in Vigna Vexillata (L.) A. Rich (Fabaceae) Complex
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Add a Tuber to the Pod: on Edible Tuberous Legumes
LEGUME PERSPECTIVES Add a tuber to the pod: on edible tuberous legumes The journal of the International Legume Society Issue 19 • November 2020 IMPRESSUM ISSN Publishing Director 2340-1559 (electronic issue) Diego Rubiales CSIC, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture Quarterly publication Córdoba, Spain January, April, July and October [email protected] (additional issues possible) Editor-in-Chief Published by M. Carlota Vaz Patto International Legume Society (ILS) Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Co-published by (Universidade Nova de Lisboa) CSIC, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Córdoba, Spain Oeiras, Portugal Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier [email protected] (Universidade Nova de Lisboa), Oeiras, Portugal Technical Editor Office and subscriptions José Ricardo Parreira Salvado CSIC, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier International Legume Society (Universidade Nova de Lisboa) Apdo. 4084, 14080 Córdoba, Spain Oeiras, Portugal Phone: +34957499215 • Fax: +34957499252 [email protected] [email protected] Legume Perspectives Design Front cover: Aleksandar Mikić Ahipa (Pachyrhizus ahipa) plant at harvest, [email protected] showing pods and tubers. Photo courtesy E.O. Leidi. Assistant Editors Svetlana Vujic Ramakrishnan Nair University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center, Shanhua, Taiwan Vuk Đorđević Ana María Planchuelo-Ravelo Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia National University of Córdoba, CREAN, Córdoba, Argentina Bernadette Julier Diego Rubiales Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Lusignan, France CSIC, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Córdoba, Spain Kevin McPhee Petr Smýkal North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA Palacký University in Olomouc, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Fred Muehlbauer Olomouc, Czech Republic USDA, ARS, Washington State University, Pullman, USA Frederick L. -
Microstructural Differences Among Adzuki Bean (Vigna Angularis) Cultivars
Food Structure Volume 11 Number 2 Article 9 1992 Microstructural Differences Among Adzuki Bean (Vigna Angularis) Cultivars Anup Engquist Barry G. Swanson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/foodmicrostructure Part of the Food Science Commons Recommended Citation Engquist, Anup and Swanson, Barry G. (1992) "Microstructural Differences Among Adzuki Bean (Vigna Angularis) Cultivars," Food Structure: Vol. 11 : No. 2 , Article 9. Available at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/foodmicrostructure/vol11/iss2/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western Dairy Center at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Food Structure by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FOOD STRUCTURE, Vol. II (1992), pp. 171-179 1046-705X/92$3.00+ .00 Scanning Microscopy International , Chicago (AMF O'Hare), IL 60666 USA MICROSTRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES AMONG ADZUKI BEAN (Vigna angularis) CULTIVARS An up Engquist and Barry G. Swanson Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6376 Abstract Introduction Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to Adzuki beans are one of the oldest cultivated beans study mi crostructural differences among five adzuki bean in the Orient, often used for human food, prepared as a cultivars: Erimo, Express, Hatsune, Takara and VBSC. bean paste used in soups and confections (Tjahjadi and Seed coat surfaces showed different patterns of cracks , Breene, 1984). The starch content of adzuki beans is pits and deposits . Cross-sections of the seed coats re about 50 %, while the protein content ranges between vealed well organized layers of elongated palisade cell s 20%-25% (Tjahjadi and Breene, 1984) . -
Assessment of Phaseolus Vulgaris L and Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp Leaves for Antifungal Metabolites Against Two Bean Fungal
Vol. 13(15), pp. 1657-1665, 9 April, 2014 DOI: 10.5897/AJB2013.12810 Article Number: 18F204743919 ISSN 1684-5315 African Journal of Biotechnology Copyright © 2014 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB Full Length Research Paper Assessment of Phaseolus vulgaris L and Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp leaves for antifungal metabolites against two bean fungal pathogens Colletotricum lindemuthianum and Phaeoisariopsis griseola Diana Alexandra Noreña-Ramírez1, Oscar Julián Velásquez-Ballesteros1, Elizabeth Murillo-Perea1, Jonh Jairo Méndez-Arteaga1, José Fernando Solanilla-Duque2 and Walter Murillo-Arango1* 1Investigation group, Chemistry of Natural Products. Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty. University of Tolima. Ibagué, Colombia. 2Investigation group, GEDAGRITOL, Department of production and plant health, Agronomy Faculty. University of Tolima. Ibagué, Colombia. Received 20 May, 2013; Accepted 31 March, 2014 The antifungal potential of hydro-ethanolic leaf extracts of bean varieties was analyzed by bioautography, assessing the contribution of defense molecules of proteic nature against two bean fungal pathogens Colletotricum lindemuthianum and Phaeoisariopsis griseola, also, the Rf values and relative activities of separated compounds were determined; these compounds were in a range of medium polarity to high polarity. The bioactivity expressed by the studied bean varieties could be correlated with the presence of proteic nature compounds, in joint action with secondary plant metabolites. There was some similarity in the chemical composition of the components of the extracts. The varieties G18350, G14241, G1320 CIAT and Vigna ungiculata were the most promising for isolating antifungal compounds. The results demonstrate the value of bioautography as a simple and cheap method to examine plant extracts with antifungal activity. -
Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata) Plant Guide
Plant Guide prevention and weed suppression. Allelopathic COWPEA compounds in the plant may help to suppress weeds (Clark, 2007). It has also been used successfully as Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. groundcover in orchards and intercropped with cash crops Plant Symbol = VIUN such as cotton. Contributed by: USDA NRCS Cape May Plant Materials Wildlife: Cowpea is eaten by deer as forage, and is Center, Cape May, NJ commonly used in food plots for deer. A variety of birds, including wild turkey, eat the seeds and the plant can be used by quail as cover. Some varieties of cowpea are used specifically for wildlife purposes (Ball et al., 2007). Ethnobotany: Cowpea has been a staple crop and important protein source for many cultures since the Roman Empire. It was the most commonly cultivated bean used for human consumption in the Old World (Allen and Allen, 1981). Roman writers such as Pliny referred to it as phaseolus. Thomas Jefferson is credited with first using the name cowpea. Today the crop is still widely popular, and good harvests are critical to ensure adequate levels of protein in the diets of populations in India and East Asia (Allen and Allen, 1981). Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). (Photo by Christopher Sheahan, USDA- NRCS, Cape May Plant Materials Center) Status Cowpea is an introduced species in the United States. It is Alternate Names native to tropical and subtropical regions. It can grow Alternate Common Names: blackeyed pea, field pea, both wild and cultivated. Please consult the PLANTS southern pea, crowder pea, caupi, catjang, yardlong bean Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status (e.g., threatened or Alternate Scientific Names: endangered species, state noxious status, and wetland Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi, indicator values). -
Fruits and Seeds of Genera in the Subfamily Faboideae (Fabaceae)
Fruits and Seeds of United States Department of Genera in the Subfamily Agriculture Agricultural Faboideae (Fabaceae) Research Service Technical Bulletin Number 1890 Volume I December 2003 United States Department of Agriculture Fruits and Seeds of Agricultural Research Genera in the Subfamily Service Technical Bulletin Faboideae (Fabaceae) Number 1890 Volume I Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L. Weitzman Fruits of A, Centrolobium paraense E.L.R. Tulasne. B, Laburnum anagyroides F.K. Medikus. C, Adesmia boronoides J.D. Hooker. D, Hippocrepis comosa, C. Linnaeus. E, Campylotropis macrocarpa (A.A. von Bunge) A. Rehder. F, Mucuna urens (C. Linnaeus) F.K. Medikus. G, Phaseolus polystachios (C. Linnaeus) N.L. Britton, E.E. Stern, & F. Poggenburg. H, Medicago orbicularis (C. Linnaeus) B. Bartalini. I, Riedeliella graciliflora H.A.T. Harms. J, Medicago arabica (C. Linnaeus) W. Hudson. Kirkbride is a research botanist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, BARC West Room 304, Building 011A, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350 (email = [email protected]). Gunn is a botanist (retired) from Brevard, NC (email = [email protected]). Weitzman is a botanist with the Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, Washington, DC. Abstract Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L radicle junction, Crotalarieae, cuticle, Cytiseae, Weitzman. 2003. Fruits and seeds of genera in the subfamily Dalbergieae, Daleeae, dehiscence, DELTA, Desmodieae, Faboideae (Fabaceae). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Dipteryxeae, distribution, embryo, embryonic axis, en- Technical Bulletin No. 1890, 1,212 pp. docarp, endosperm, epicarp, epicotyl, Euchresteae, Fabeae, fracture line, follicle, funiculus, Galegeae, Genisteae, Technical identification of fruits and seeds of the economi- gynophore, halo, Hedysareae, hilar groove, hilar groove cally important legume plant family (Fabaceae or lips, hilum, Hypocalypteae, hypocotyl, indehiscent, Leguminosae) is often required of U.S. -
Mexican Bean Beetle (Suggested Common Name), Epilachna Varivestis Mulsant (Insecta: Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)1 H
EENY-015 Mexican Bean Beetle (suggested common name), Epilachna varivestis Mulsant (Insecta: Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)1 H. Sanchez-Arroyo2 Introduction apparently eradicated from Florida in 1933, but was found again in 1938 and by 1942 was firmly established. The family Coccinellidae, or ladybird beetles, is in the order Coleoptera. This family is very important economically because it includes some highly beneficial insects as well as Description two serious pests: the squash lady beetle, Epilachna borealis Eggs Fabricius, and the Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Eggs are approximately 1.3 mm in length and 0.6 mm in Mulsant. width, and are pale yellow to orange-yellow in color. They are typically found in clusters of 40 to 75 on the undersides The Mexican bean beetle has a complete metamorphosis of bean leaves. with distinct egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages. Unlike most of the Coccinellidae, which are carnivorous and feed upon aphids, scales, and other small insects, this species attacks plants. Distribution The Mexican bean beetle is believed to be native to the plateau region of southern Mexico. This insect is found in the United States (in most states east of the Rocky Moun- tains) and Mexico. In eastern regions, the pest is present wherever beans are grown, while western infestations are in isolated areas, depending upon the local environment and precipitation. The insect is not a serious pest in Guatemala and Mexico, but is very abundant in several areas in the western United States. The southern limit of the known distribution is in Guatemala and the northern limit is Figure 1. -
Chapter 5. Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata)
5. COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA) – 211 Chapter 5. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) This chapter deals with the biology of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). It contains information for use during the risk/safety regulatory assessment of genetically engineered varieties intended to be grown in the environment (biosafety). It includes elements of taxonomy, centres of origin and distribution, crop production and cultivation practices, morphological characters, reproductive biology, genetics and genome mapping, species/subspecies hybridisation and introgression, interactions with other organisms, human health considerations, common pests and pathogens, and biotechnological developments. This chapter was prepared by the OECD Working Group on the Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology, with Australia as the lead country. It was initially issued in December 2015. Updates have been made to the production data from FAOSTAT. SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF TRANSGENIC ORGANISMS IN THE ENVIRONMENT: OECD CONSENSUS DOCUMENTS, VOLUME 6 © OECD 2016 212 – 5. COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA) Introduction Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is grown in tropical Africa, Asia, North and South America mostly as a grain, but also as a vegetable and fodder crop. It is favoured because of its wide adaptation and tolerance to several stresses. It is an important food source and is estimated to be the major protein source for more than 200 million people in sub-Saharan Africa and is in the top ten fresh vegetables in the People’s Republic of China (hereafter “China”). In the English-speaking parts of Africa it is known as cowpea whereas in the Francophone regions of Africa, the name “niébé” is most often used. Local names for cowpea also include “seub” and “niao” in Senegal, “wake” or “bean” in Nigeria, and “luba hilu” in the Sudan. -
Adzuki Beans- Physical and Nutritional Characteristics of Beans and Its Health Benefits
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research www.ijhsr.org ISSN: 2249-9571 Review Article Adzuki Beans- Physical and Nutritional Characteristics of Beans and Its Health Benefits Srishti Agarwal1, Ekta Singh Chauhan2 1Research Scholar, 2Associate Professor, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India Corresponding Author: Ekta Singh Chauhan ABSTRACT Adzuki (Vigna angularis) has been grown and consumed by humans for centuries in various parts of the world like China. However, adzuki’s global use for human consumption has been restrained partly due to limited knowledge about its nutrient composition and the processing challenges faced in making adzuki-based food products. Over the past decade, the recognition that Vigna angularis is gluten-free has raised global interest. Consequently, literature on the nutritional composition, processing quality, and health benefits of adzuki has grown considerably. The existing literature suggests that adzuki is composed of complex carbohydrates with slowly digestible starch. Adzuki has similar protein content to other more common cereals like wheat, but is relatively richer than other cereals in the essential amino acid lysine. Adzuki is also a good source of essential fatty acids, fiber, minerals (especially calcium and iron), and phytochemicals such as polyphenols and phytates. Existing studies of the nutrition and health benefits of adzuki are limited since they fail to take into account differences in adzuki varieties and growing conditions. Nevertheless, the studies undertaken so far confirm adzuki’s excellent nutrient profile and suggest it has considerable potential globally to be a functional food for health promotion and disease prevention. Key words: China, polyphenols, amino acids, functional, digestible. -
Scientific Name – Vigna Radiata English Common Name – Mung Bean Asian Common Names – • Burmese: Pe-Di, Pe-Di-Sein, P
Scientific name – Vigna radiata English common name – Mung bean Asian common names – Burmese: pe-di, pe-di-sein, pè di sien, pe-nauk, to-pi-si Chinese: lü dou, luhk dáu (Cantonese), lü zi lü dou Hindi: मग ं , व셍ण चना Japanese: bundou, fundou, yaenari, ryokutou Khmer: sândaèk ba:y Lao: thwàx khiêw, thwàx ngo:k, thwàx sadê:k Malay: arta ijo (Indonesia), kacang djong (Indonesia), kacang hijau (Malaysia) Photo: ECHO Asia staff Thai: ถั่วเขียว thua kiew Vietnamese: - , - Tagalog: balatong, mongo Varieties – Burmese Green - Day-neutral, bush variety, green seed. Lao - Day-neutral, bush variety, approximately 60 days from seed to flowering, green seed. General description and special characteristics – A bushy or vining annual that produces yellow flowers and pods up to 15 cm (6 in) in length. Mung bean is an important grain legume crop throughout Asia for its use as food, as an intercrop with rice, and as a green manure and fodder. Crop uses (culinary) – Mung bean is used throughout Asia as a food legume, flour, for dessert, and sprouted for use in other dishes. It has a protein content of approximately 25%. Transparent glass noodles are made from mung bean starch and in India and Pakistan, the dried seeds are consumed whole or after splitting into dhal. Split seeds are eaten fried and salted as a snack. Throughout Asia, dried beans are boiled until soft, seasoned with sugar, ginger or coconut milk, and eaten as a dessert soup. Mung bean sprouts are germinated and can be eaten both uncooked and cooked. Crop uses (soil improvement) – Mung bean is grown as a rainfed crop frequently preceding rice planting or following rice harvest. -
Mung Bean (Vigna Radiata L.): Bioactive Polyphenols, Polysaccharides, Peptides, and Health Benefits
nutrients Review Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.): Bioactive Polyphenols, Polysaccharides, Peptides, and Health Benefits Dianzhi Hou 1, Laraib Yousaf 1, Yong Xue 1 , Jinrong Hu 1, Jihong Wu 1, Xiaosong Hu 1, Naihong Feng 2 and Qun Shen 1,* 1 Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] (D.H.); [email protected] (L.Y.); [email protected] (Y.X.); [email protected] (J.H.); [email protected] (J.W.); [email protected] (X.H.) 2 Institute of Economic Crops, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fenyang 032200, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 8 May 2019; Accepted: 28 May 2019; Published: 31 May 2019 Abstract: Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important pulse consumed all over the world, especially in Asian countries, and has a long history of usage as traditional medicine. It has been known to be an excellent source of protein, dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins, and significant amounts of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, and peptides, therefore, becoming a popular functional food in promoting good health. The mung bean has been documented to ameliorate hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, and hypertension, and prevent cancer and melanogenesis, as well as possess hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory activities. These health benefits derive primarily from the concentration and properties of those active compounds present in the mung bean. Vitexin and isovitexin are identified as the major polyphenols, and peptides containing hydrophobic amino acid residues with small molecular weight show higher bioactivity in the mung bean. -
Journalofthreatenedtaxa
OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa fs dedfcated to bufldfng evfdence for conservafon globally by publfshfng peer-revfewed arfcles onlfne every month at a reasonably rapfd rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org . All arfcles publfshed fn JoTT are regfstered under Creafve Commons Atrfbufon 4.0 Internafonal Lfcense unless otherwfse menfoned. JoTT allows unrestrfcted use of arfcles fn any medfum, reproducfon, and dfstrfbufon by provfdfng adequate credft to the authors and the source of publfcafon. Journal of Threatened Taxa Bufldfng evfdence for conservafon globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Onlfne) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Prfnt) Artfcle Florfstfc dfversfty of Bhfmashankar Wfldlffe Sanctuary, northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, Indfa Savfta Sanjaykumar Rahangdale & Sanjaykumar Ramlal Rahangdale 26 August 2017 | Vol. 9| No. 8 | Pp. 10493–10527 10.11609/jot. 3074 .9. 8. 10493-10527 For Focus, Scope, Afms, Polfcfes and Gufdelfnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/About_JoTT For Arfcle Submfssfon Gufdelfnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/Submfssfon_Gufdelfnes For Polfcfes agafnst Scfenffc Mfsconduct vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/JoTT_Polfcy_agafnst_Scfenffc_Mfsconduct For reprfnts contact <[email protected]> Publfsher/Host Partner Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2017 | 9(8): 10493–10527 Article Floristic diversity of Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary, northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India Savita Sanjaykumar Rahangdale 1 & Sanjaykumar Ramlal Rahangdale2 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1 Department of Botany, B.J. Arts, Commerce & Science College, Ale, Pune District, Maharashtra 412411, India 2 Department of Botany, A.W. Arts, Science & Commerce College, Otur, Pune District, Maharashtra 412409, India OPEN ACCESS 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected] (corresponding author) Abstract: Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary (BWS) is located on the crestline of the northern Western Ghats in Pune and Thane districts in Maharashtra State. -
FLORA of BEIJING Jinshuang Ma and Quanru Liu
URBAN HABITATS, VOLUME 1, NUMBER 1 • ISSN 1541-7115 FLORA OF BEIJING http://www.urbanhabitats.org Jinshuang Ma and Quanru Liu Flora of Beijing: An Overview and Suggestions for Future Research* Jinshuang Ma and Quanru Liu Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1000 Washington Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11225; [email protected]; [email protected] nonnative, invasive, and weed species, as well as a lst Abstract This paper reviews Flora of Beijing (He, 1992), of relevant herbarium collections. We also make especially from the perspective of the standards of suggestions for future revisions of Flora of Beijing in modern urban floras of western countries. The the areas of description and taxonomy. We geography, land-use and population patterns, and recommend more detailed categorization of species vegetation of Beijing are discussed, as well as the by origin (from native to cultivated, including plants history of Flora of Beijing. The vegetation of Beijing, introduced, escaped, and naturalized from gardens which is situated in northern China, has been and parks); by scale and scope of distribution drastically altered by human activities; as a result, it (detailing from worldwide to special or unique local is no longer characterized by the pine-oak mixed distribution); by conservation ranking (using IUCN broad-leaved deciduous forests typical of the standards, for example); by habitat; and by utilization. northern temperate region. Of the native species that Finally, regarding plant treatments, we suggest remain, the following dominate: Pinus tabuliformis, improvements in the stability of nomenclature, Quercus spp., Acer spp., Koelreuteria paniculata, descriptions of taxa, and the quality and quantity of Vitex negundo var.