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Caracterización De Especies CARACTERIZACIÓN DE ESPECIES: FAMILIAS ORCHIDACEAE Y BROMELIACEAE PRESENTES EN LAS ZONAS VERDES DE LA UPTC SEDE TUNJA PARA IMPLEMENTAR UNA COLECCIÓN VIVA EN EL JARDÍN BOTÁNICO BOYACÁ ANA ELIZABETH MARTÍN AMAYA UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA Y TECNÓLOGICA DE COLOMBIA FACULTAD DE EDUCACIÓN LICENCIATURA EN CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL TUNJA 2020 ii CARACTERIZACIÓN DE ESPECIES: FAMILIAS ORCHIDACEAE Y BROMELIACEAE PRESENTES EN LAS ZONAS VERDES DE LA UPTC SEDE TUNJA PARA IMPLEMENTAR UNA COLECCIÓN VIVA EN EL JARDÍN BOTÁNICO BOYACÁ ANA ELIZABETH MARTÍN AMAYA TRABAJO DE GRADO MODALIDAD INVESTIGACIÓN PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO DE LICENCIADA EN CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL DIRECTOR: MANUEL GALVIS RUEDA CODIRECTOR: RUBINSTEN HERNÁNDEZ BARBOSA UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA Y TECNÓLOGICA DE COLOMBIA FACULTAD DE EDUCACIÓN LICENCIATURA EN CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL TUNJA 2020 iii AGRADECIMIENTOS Primero que todo quiero agradecerle a mi madre Ana Luisa Martín Amaya por darme la vida, su apoyo incondicional, su amor y fuerza durante mi proceso de aprendizaje, a mi hermana Yury Sanmayerly Martín Amaya por su colaboración, paciencia y esmero durante el recorrido de mi profesión. A mi hermano mayor David Eduardo Martín, por sus consejos que fueron de gran aporte para culminar esta nueva etapa de mi vida y el comienzo de muchas. También quiero resaltar mi agradecimiento a mi sobrino Nelson Enrique Martín Herrera por compartir sus conocimientos, colaboración y ajuste en este documento. A mi pareja Diego Ignacio Silva Barrera por su paciencia, apoyo y colaboración, por no dejarme abandonada en momentos difíciles, al contrario siempre estuvo ahí como columna vertebral para sostenerme, darme lo necesario para continuar y poder llegar hasta este peldaño. A mi mentor, amigo y docente Manuel Galvis Rueda, por sus apoyo incondicional, paciencia, esmero para el desarrollo de este documento y permitirme compartir momentos agradables. Al docente Rubinstein Hernández Barbosa por su colaboración, orientación y brindarme su apoyo en este proceso. iv RESUMEN Esta investigación tuvo como propósito la apertura del Jardín Botánico de la U.P.T.C. Lo cual la caracterización e identificación del material vegetal permitió obtener información taxonómica del listado de las especies encontradas de las familias Orchidaceae y Bromeliaceae, por consiguiente, se recolectaron y trasladaron 48 individuos de la familia Bromeliaceae y 94 de la familia Orchidaceae, por lo cual permitió la implementación de la colección viva. Además se construyó un catálogo y una cartilla didáctica para la apropiación de los conocimientos respecto a estas especies y la difusión de las actividades que realiza el Jardín Botánico de la U.P.T.C. v Contenido Introducción .................................................................................................................................... 2 Capítulo I ........................................................................................................................................ 5 1. Planteamiento Del Problema ....................................................................................................... 5 1.1. Pregunta de Investigación ........................................................................................................ 8 1.2. Justificación ............................................................................................................................. 8 1.3. Objetivos ................................................................................................................................ 10 1.3.1. Objetivo General ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.2. Objetivos Específicos..................................................................................................................... 10 Capitulo II ..................................................................................................................................... 11 2. Marco Referencial ............................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Antecedentes. ................................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.2 A nivel nacional .......................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.3 A nivel local ................................................................................................................................ 20 En la Tabla 3 se pueden encontrar estudios realizados de la familia Bromeliaceae, a nivel local. .... 21 Capítulo III .................................................................................................................................... 23 3. Marco Teórico ..................................................................................................................................... 23 3.1 Generalidades de la familia Orchidaceae. ........................................................................................ 23 3.1.1 Clasificación taxonómica de la familia Orchidaceae .................................................................. 24 3.1.2 Características morfológicas de la familia Orchidaceae ............................................................ 24 3.1.2 Forma de crecimiento. ............................................................................................................... 27 3.1.4. Importancia ecológica de la familia Orchidaceae. .................................................................... 27 3.2. Generalidades de la familia Bromeliaceae....................................................................................... 28 3.2.1. Clasificación Taxonómica de la familia Bromeliaceae .................................................................. 29 3.2.2. Características morfológicas de la familia Bromeliaceae ......................................................... 29 3.2.3. Importancia ecológica de la familia Bromeliaceae ................................................................... 30 vi 3.3. Conservación .................................................................................................................................... 30 3.4.1 Didáctica ......................................................................................................................................... 31 3.4.2. Didáctica de las Ciencias Naturales. .......................................................................................... 31 3.4.3. Guías didácticas......................................................................................................................... 32 3.5. Jardines Botánicos ........................................................................................................................... 33 3.5.1. Historia de los jardines botánicos. ............................................................................................ 33 3.5.2. Organización Internacional para la Conservación en Jardines Botánicos (BGCI). .................... 36 3.5.3. Objetivos de la Agenda Internacional para la Conservación en Jardines Botánicos. ............... 37 3.5.5. Jardines Botánicos en Colombia ............................................................................................... 37 3.5.6. Red Nacional de Jardines Botánicos de Colombia. ................................................................... 38 3.5.7. Plan Nacional de Colecciones para los Jardines Botánicos de Colombia. ................................. 39 3.6. Marco Legal ...................................................................................................................................... 40 3.6.1. Constitución Nacional de 1991. ................................................................................................ 40 3.6.3. Ley 299 de 1996 ........................................................................................................................ 41 3.6.4. Estrategia nacional para la conservación de las plantas. .......................................................... 41 3.7. Marco Geográfico ............................................................................................................................ 42 Capítulo IV.................................................................................................................................... 43 4. Metodología ........................................................................................................................................ 43 4.1. Tipo de investigación ................................................................................................................... 43 4.1.2. Sitio de estudio. ........................................................................................................................ 44 4.1.3. Población parte Pedagógica. ..................................................................................................... 45 4.2. Diseño metodológico. ...................................................................................................................... 45 4.2.1. Fase de campo. ......................................................................................................................... 46 4.2.2. Análisis de datos. .....................................................................................................................
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