Stateline

Vol. 26, No. 11 • December 2017

MidwestTHE MIDWESTERN OFFICE OF THE COUNCIL OF STATE GOVERNMENTS

INSIDE CSG Midwest Issue Briefs 2-3 Big deals, big incentives • Criminal Justice & Public Safety: New laws try to improve prison mental health services Competition to land new businesses, and jobs that come • Health & Human Services: More states embracing, enabling direct care model with them, have put spotlight on states’ economic policies • Midwest-Canada Relations: Farm groups raise concerns about potential end of NAFTA by Laura Tomaka ([email protected]) • Education: Loan forgiveness among strategies being used by states to attract more teachers n September, Amazon announced its built-in strengths that make them attractive Trends in GDP growth: search for a second North American to many large businesses — for example, Compound annual growth rates Around the Region 4 corporate headquarters, known as HQ2. relatively cheap land, strong workforces, Rise of school-based health centers helping I The scale and scope of the project — the 2011 2006 quality schools, plentiful water resources children in rural areas get access to care State e-commerce giant is expected to invest more to 2016 to 2016 and connected transportation systems. than $5 billion in the facility and employ up Capital Closeup 5 Illinois 3.2% 2.5% Specific government policies such as Illinois takes first steps to address concerns to 50,000 high-paid workers — captured not taxes and incentives also can make a differ- Indiana 3.6% 3.1% about sexual harassment in state government only headlines, but the attention of state and ence in site selection (see sidebar on page 7 local officials. Iowa 4.5% 3.8% for detail). As a result, state lawmakers often Question of the Month 5 A very public competition has ensued, Kansas 1.9% 2.9% get involved in trying to attract a corporate Do any states have automatic admissions and at least one Midwestern state, Illinois, headquarters such as Amazon’s or a big policies for students who meet certain criteria? Michigan 4.2% 2.2% is right in the middle of it. manufacturing company such as Foxconn’s, Profile 8 “I’m excited about our chances for [land- Minnesota 3.7% 3.1% and the incentives that legislatures create ing] HQ2,” Illinois Rep. Mike Zalewski says. Wisconsin Assembly Minority Leader Gordon Hintz Nebraska 3.3% 4.2% are not without controversy. Earlier this year, he was part of an effort Wisconsin’s economic package for North Dakota 4.9% 7.3% FirstPerson 9 to reform and reinstate a long-standing Foxconn was the largest in the state’s history, Kansas Sen. Carolyn McGinn on new economic Illinois incentives program known as EDGE, Ohio 3.5% 2.7% and led to questions about whether the opportunities for farmers, questions for legislators which is among the programs that the state South Dakota 2.7% 4.0% planned new manufacturing facility was could use in its pursuit. worth the $3 billion. A Legislative Fiscal CSG News & Events 10 Wisconsin 3.6% 2.9% “For every Amazon, there’s a lot more Bureau analysis showed that it would take at Michigan Sen. Darwin Booher becomes new chair 40- or 50-person manufacturers looking to United States 3.7% 3.0% of Great Lakes Legislative Caucus least 20 years for the state to realize a return move to Illinois or to grow their business Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis on its investment. However, a separate Capitol Clips 12 [here], and we want them to succeed,” analysis by Ernst and Young showed dif- Zalewski says. “EDGE is designed ... to help • South Dakota mulls changes in legislative pay as a building block for making his state a ferent returns when accounting for various both the big fries and the small fries.” • Illinois offering tax credits for K-12 scholarships high-tech manufacturing hub. spin-off economic activities. The role of state incentives (tax credits, • Michigan wants more done to prevent oil spill “We hope that it will actually be a “There is a projected $4.26 billion in new tax exemptions, grants, low-interest loans, • Industrial hemp bill gets OK in Wisconsin brain gain for Wisconsin,” he says. “We are purchases to the supply chain with Foxconn etc.) has gotten increased attention in the going to need the skilled workforce from moving in, with at least one-third having to Midwest during the latter part of 2017. outside of Wisconsin as well because we be spent in Wisconsin,” Neylon says. In September, around the same time simply won’t have the workforce supply to “People who are judging these deals Illinois began making its Amazon pitch, reach [Foxconn’s] full capacity.” (Funding based only on an equaling out in govern- Stateline Midwest is published 11 times a year Wisconsin was closing the deal on what for workforce development is part of the ment revenues are looking at it in the wrong by the Midwestern Office of lawmakers say is the biggest economic incentive package.) way,” he adds. “They are looking at how it The Council of State Governments. development project in that state’s history. will benefit government, and not how it will Annual subscription rate: $60. “Foxconn will bring an entirely new in- Building on economic strengths benefit the supply chain, the infrastructure To order, call 630.925.1922. dustry to Wisconsin and to North America,” The Midwest and its 11 states have some and [create] good jobs.” Rep. Adam Neylon says. “This is a dawn of a new era in manufacturing. And it’s frankly PLEASE TURN TO PAGE 6 something that is needed for our economy.” Wisconsin legislators and Gov. Scott He and other Wisconsin legislators met Walker celebrate the passage of a bill in special session in August to craft a $3 bil- CSG Midwestern Office Staff (passed during a special session this lion incentive package for Foxconn, which, summer) that provides incentives Michael H. McCabe, Director in turn, has promised to make a $10 billion Tim Anderson, Publications Manager for an electronics manufacturing Jon Davis, Assistant Editor/Policy Analyst investment in a new manufacturing facility company. Assembly Speaker Robin Cindy Calo Andrews, Assistant Director and create 13,000 jobs, with average annual Vos and other leaders have said Ilene K. Grossman, Assistant Director salaries of more than $50,000. Foxconn’s new plant will be the Lisa R. Janairo, Program Director “largest economic development Laura Kliewer, Senior Policy Analyst Liquid crystal displays (for electronic project in state history.” (photo: Gail Meyer, Office Manager devices) will be made at the Wisconsin Laura A. Tomaka, Senior Program Manager plant, and Neylon views Foxconn’s presence Office of Speaker Vos) Kathy Treland, Administrative Coordinator and Meeting Planner Katelyn Tye, Policy Analyst CSG MIDWEST ISSUE BRIEFS

Issue Briefs cover topics of interest to the various groups and policy committees of CSG Midwest, including the Midwestern Legislative Conference, Great Lakes Legislative Caucus, Midwest Interstate Passenger Rail Commission and Midwestern Radioactive Materials Transportation Committee. Criminal Justice & Public Safety

Policies aim to better address Prevalence of mental health spending on addiction-recovery services in prisons mental health, substance abuse problems, substance abuse among and shifted the administration of those services from issues in prison populations state prison population the Department of Rehabilitation and Correction to the Ohio Department of Mental Health & Addiction innesota Rep. Marion O’Neill first became Condition % of prisoners Services. aware of the prevalence of mental health “There’s wide recognition, both for drug addiction Serious psychological distress 14.5% Mand substance abuse disorders in the state’s and for mental health issues, that we can always use prisons while serving on the Legislature’s Prison History of mental health problem 36.9% more resources on the front end, during incarceration Population Task Force in 2015. Drug dependence 41.7% and post-release,” Ohio Sen. John Eklund says. State corrections officials told the task force that Eklund notes, too, that his state’s criminal justice Drug abuse 16.8% 85 percent to 90 percent of inmates had a chemical policy should reflect the impacts that behavioral dependency, 60 percent had mental health issues, and Source: U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics health issues and the state’s current opioid crisis are 11 percent were severely mentally ill. having: “As the nature of the population that touches “It was clear we needed to address these individu- the violation,” such as inpatient substance abuse the criminal justice system changes, then the system als’ underlying issues, not just the criminal behavior,” treatment. must change as well.” O’Neill says. The enacting legislation (HF 470) also funded a During a session in November at The CSG Justice She also learned that the majority of prison admis- two-year pilot program that will provide grants to Center’s 50-State Summit on Public Safety, experts sions — 64 percent in 2016 — were people whose agencies that supervise offenders on probation, parole discussed policies to address behavioral health parole or probation was revoked due to technical or supervised release and that help facilitate access to and substance abuse disorders in state correctional violations such as missing a meeting or failing a drug community treatment options. populations. Dr. Fred Osher, director of health systems test, as opposed to individuals who had committed Ohio lawmakers in 2015 began requiring the state and services policy at The CSG Justice Center, recom- new crimes. Department of Rehabilitation and Correction to oper- mended that states focus on: This year, O’Neill sponsored legislation that ate a community-based substance abuse treatment • improving the assessment and identification of requires parole and probation agents to consider program for inmates serving time for nonviolent, behavioral health needs in correctional systems; community-based alternatives to incarceration for low-level drug offenses. Under the program, inmates • ensuring that individuals have access to nonviolent drug offenders who violate the conditions with fewer than 12 months left in their sentence may comprehensive and effective health care services, of their probation or parole. be transferred to serve the remainder of their time in both during and after incarceration; and Under the new law, before revoking an offender’s a halfway house, reentry facility, or residential center • strengthening collaboration between behav- probation or parole for a technical violation, agents where they can receive substance abuse treatment. ioral-health and corrections practitioners at the must identify “options to address and correct Additionally, Ohio’s new state budget doubled state and local levels.

Brief written by Katelyn Tye, CSG Midwest staff liaison to the Midwestern Legislative Conference Criminal Justice and Public Safety Committee. She can be reached at [email protected]. The committee’s co-chairs are Illinois Sen. Mattie Hunter and Ohio Rep. Nathan Manning; its vice chair is Nebraska Sen. Laura Ebke. Health & Human Services

directly … then the whole process becomes much States move to enable direct Direct primary care in the Midwest primary care as a new approach more efficient.” The coalition is pushing Congress to pass the to health care services Primary Care Enhancement Act, which would de- trip to the doctor, and treatment, without fine direct primary care as a service, not insurance, a co-pay? and allow people with health savings accounts to A It’s possible under “direct primary care,” use them to pay the monthly fee. a model whose growing popularity can be traced A changing health care model was the impetus by the number of states (23) with “enabling” laws for Indiana’s enabling law (SB 303, signed into law to clarify that direct primary care is an acceptable in April), says Sen. Ed Charbonneau, one of the health care model and not to be confused with measure’s main authors. health insurance coverage or a health plan under “When this issue came up, the concern was federal law. that this was legal and had nothing to do with insurance — that it was just a business model. We So far, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan and Nebraska State has a direct primary care enabling law are the only Midwestern states with such laws, all just wanted to make sure that it was OK,” he says. having passed legislation since 2015, when Kansas’ Source: Direct Primary Care Coalition Nebraska legislators passed LB 817 in March HB 2225 and Michigan’s SB 1033 (passed in the 2016. Sen. Merv Riepe, who introduced the bill 2014 session, signed in 2015) were signed into law. hospitalization and access to specialists. and authored a FirstPerson article about it for In direct primary care practices, patients pay a “You’re sort of repurposing traditional insurance the February 2016 edition of Stateline Midwest, monthly fee for a set of services, which can include to be what we used to call ‘major medical’, ” says says “it’s probably early” to know how the law is lab work and, in some practices, even house Jay Keese, executive director of the Direct Primary affecting primary care delivery. calls. Direct primary care is also typically paired Care Coalition. “I think it’ll play out over two, three years,” with a high-deductible insurance plan to cover “If you take primary care out and pay for it he says.

Brief written by Jon Davis, staff liaison to the Midwestern Legislative Conference Health & Human Services Committee. He can be reached at [email protected]. The committee’s co-chairs are Illinois Rep. Robyn Gabel and Kansas Rep. Susan Concannon; its vice chair is Nebraska Sen. Sue Crawford.

2 STATELINE MIDWEST DECEMBER 2017 Midwest-Canada Relations

would be subject to a 20 percent Farm groups warn that end Agricultural trade in Midwest under NAFTA (2016) of NAFTA would lead to big duty. As a result, products such losses in agricultural sector as corn, pork, soybeans and beef Canada Mexico would lose their competitive ad- Total Total hat’s at stake for the Midwest’s food and vantage, Hayes says. State Ag exports Ag exports bilateral ag bilateral to Canada to Mexico agriculture sectors when it comes to the Losses in production and prof- trade ag trade Wfuture of the North American Free Trade its would then spill over to other Agreement? sectors — for example, reduced Illinois $1.4 billion $3.1 billion $823 million $3.7 billion A whole lot of jobs and economic activity, ac- commodity sales would make Indiana $433 million $962 million $164 million $446 million cording to a letter signed in November by nearly 170 farmers less likely to buy new Iowa $839 million $1.4 billion $1.7 billion $1.7 billion* agriculture organizations and companies and sent to equipment and machinery. all 50 U.S. governors. “Agricultural sectors often face Kansas $307 million $539 million $1.0 billion $1.0 billion* “Withdrawal from the accord would have adverse downturns, but these rarely happen Michigan $1.0 billion $2.0 billion $99 million $533 million impacts,” the letter states before detailing why, as well at the same time,” Hayes says. He Minnesota $725 million $1.3 billion $589 million $711 million as the economic consequences in various sectors. worries that such a scenario might For instance, Canada and Mexico account for 40 occur with a U.S. withdrawal from Nebraska $301 million $527 million $1.2 billion $1.2 billion* percent of the volume of U.S. pork exports (seven of NAFTA. North Dakota $491 million $779 million $206 million $214 million the 10 leading states for pork production are in the The November letter to the na- Ohio $1.4 billion $2.4 billion $324 million $527 million Midwest) and 27 percent of U.S. beef exports (five of tion’s governors includes a diverse the 10 states with the most cattle are in the Midwest). group of signatories, from the South Dakota $197 million $265 million $220 million $220 million* Without NAFTA in place, these products would American Farm Bureau Federation Wisconsin $1.3 billion $2.0 billion $321 million $391 million be subject to a tariff, and Mexico, in particular, would and the National Pork Producers * The amount of agricultural imports from Mexico into the state was small and did not change the likely start looking for cheaper sources of meat. Council, to the Hop Growers of rounded, total bilateral trade figures. Professor Dermot J. Hayes, the Pioneer Chair in America and the Grain and Feed Sources: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and Mexico’s Trade and NAFTA Office (with data from U.S. Census Bureau) Agribusiness at Iowa State University, believes an end Association of Illinois. to NAFTA would be especially harmful in Corn Belt It notes that in 2015, the United states such as Iowa. States held a 65 percent market Meanwhile, the mere uncertainty of whether In the Midwest, for example, most states have share for agriculture products in North America. NAFTA will be successfully renegotiated is hurting agricultural trade surpluses with Mexico. In Hayes’ The letter also cites findings from a study by the the agriculture sector, Hayes says. home state of Iowa, that surplus was more than $1.5 economic consulting firm ImpactECON: specifically, “When it was announced [in November] that the billion in 2016 (see table). These numbers would likely a loss of 50,000 U.S. jobs in the food and agriculture ministers would not be attending the next round of change, however, with a withdrawal from NAFTA and industries and a drop of $13 billion in GDP in the farm NAFTA discussions, all of the commodity markets fell,” a shift to “most favored nation” status. sector if the three nations move away from NAFTA and he adds. This will likely affect farm prices in 2018, since Exports from Iowa and other states to Mexico replace it with “most favored nation” tariff rates. futures markets determine pricing for the next year.

Brief written by Ilene Grossman, staff liaison to the Midwestern Legislative Conference Midwest-Canada Relations Committee. She can be reached at [email protected]. The committee’s co-chairs are Indiana Sen. Ed Charbonneau and Manitoba Minister Kelvin Goertzen; its vice chairs are Michigan Sen. Jim Stamas and Ontario Speaker Dave Levac. Education

North Dakota revises loan reason they tweaked an existing loan-forgiveness Mean annual wage of secondary program earlier this year. Under SB 2037, an individual school teachers (May 2016)* program amid teacher shortage now can receive as much as $26,000 in assistance if he t the peak of North Dakota’s oil boom, some or she teaches: 1) in a rural area and 2) in a position $49,680 schools in the western part of the state not of “critical need.” (Smaller amounts of assistance are Aonly were employing teachers, but began available for people who meet one of these criteria.) $64,310 housing them as well — in duplexes, triplexes The state is providing $2.1 million for this $44,210 $56,780 or mobile housing units, Sen. David Rust recalls. program. $61,410 In addition to loan forgiveness, a recent North $54,360 This school-as-landlord idea has been one of $54,710 $59,610 the more dramatic actions taken in recent years Dakota task force on teacher recruitment and reten- $70,130 $51,870 to address the shortage of teachers. tion offered other policy ideas — expanding the use of More recently, housing costs have subsided in bonuses for individuals who teach in high-need areas, $49,800 North Dakota’s oil country (“They’re still higher compensating student teachers, and creating a pool than we would like to see,” Rust says), but the lack of “traveling teachers” that would be hired to work in Lower than U.S. mean wage for secondary of qualified teacher candidates persists there, as rural parts of the state for a limited amount of time. school teachers ($61,420) well as in many communities across the state. Other ideas, Rust says, include an expansion of Higher than U.S. mean annual wage “When you have people who don’t want to go to teacher scholarships and more flexibility in local rural areas, say any place with under 30,000 people, labor agreements so that instructors in higher- * Excludes special education and career/tech teachers that means you’re talking about a large majority of demand subject areas can get higher pay. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics our state,” notes Rust, a former school superintendent North Dakota is not alone in seeking solutions in Tioga, known as the “Oil Capital of North Dakota.” to a shortage of teachers. It’s a problem in many Last year, for example, South Dakota legislators But will they consider going with some more other Midwestern states as well, where the policy raised the state’s sales tax in order to increase financial incentives? responses have included changes in teacher licens- average teacher salaries. That led to an 8.8 percent North Dakota lawmakers hope so, and it’s the ing systems and higher pay. increase in pay between 2016 and 2017.

Brief written by Tim Anderson, staff liaison to the Midwestern Legislative Conference Education Committee. He can be reached at [email protected]. The committee’s co-chairs are North Dakota Sen. Kyle Davison and Kansas Rep. Melissa Rooker; its vice chair is Wisconsin Rep. Eric Genrich.

STATELINE MIDWEST DECEMBER 2017 3 AROUND THE REGION

Is there any life left for 20-year-old CHIP? Telemedicine, school-based clinics he federal Children’s Health Insurance Program being used to improve students’ (CHIP) has, by all accounts, been successful Tat providing health insurance coverage to children whose families exceed basic Medicaid access to care in underserved areas eligibility but can’t access insurance coverage through work. n the rural southern Indiana school district As of 2015, CHIP covered 8.4 million children via that Rep. Terry Goodin not only represents in # of school-based health centers Medicaid, a completely separate state-run program or the state Capitol but also leads as its superin- identi ed by School-Based some combination of those two approaches. But the I Health Alliance tendent, there is no pharmacy or hospital. The 20-year-old program, administered by the states with district, too, has no full-time school nurse. funding help from the federal government, must be “We have a lot of students without access to a local * periodically renewed by the U.S. Congress, which failed doctor or health care,” he adds, “and sick children 23 to act before authorization expired on Sept. 30. That left can’t learn.” 7 7 states to their own devices, along with whatever federal But because of last year’s passage of HB 1263, a 91 dollars they still had on hand. The program’s fate still new model of delivering care to young people has 10 9 remained uncertain as of early December. been opened — school-based clinics that connect 38 Like Medicaid, the federal government pays a 61 35 students with a health provider via telecommunica- percentage of each state’s total spending on CHIP. tion technologies. 9 However, to provide an incentive to get children Along with establishing new standards for covered, states get an “enhanced federal matching rate” telemedicine, that 2016 state law allows prescriptions * No centers were identi ed in alliance’s most recent census. that is 15 percentage points higher than the traditional to be dispensed remotely and for physician-patient Medicaid rate — 71 percent of costs vs. 56 percent relationships to be established without an in-office for Medicaid. Under the U.S. Affordable Care Act, the as Crothersville Community Schools, the Indiana visit. district where Goodin serves as superintendent. federal matching rate was bumped to an average of 93 For many students in Goodin’s school district (the The Crothersville clinic is one of a handful of percent between Oct. 1, 2015, and Sept. 30, 2019. majority of them qualify for reduced-price or free school-based health centers up and running via the # of children in Midwest covered lunches), the opening of an on-site health care facility Indiana Rural School Clinic Network. This network by CHIP (2015 or 2016) was not simply a matter of convenience. It has been the is a program of the Indiana Rural Health Association, which works with schools to help secure grant funding State Children difference between having medical care or none at all. Today, his local school district partners with the and open the school-based clinics. It wants to open Illinois 325,990 Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, five new centers every year between now and 2020. Indiana 114,927 whose fourth-year medical students serve as school “It provides another link for parents in rural areas,” Goodin says, “making the school a resource Iowa 84,989 nurses in the on-site school clinic — all day, every day. The district also partners with the only doctor in in communities where there may be few resources.” Kansas 79,319 a nearby community to provide telehealth services at The academic benefits are significant, too —- re Michigan 82,693 the school-based clinic, which is equipped with a lap- search has shown that on-site health centers improve school performance and student attendance. Minnesota 3,876 top and digital cameras, along with medical devices such as a stethoscope, otoscope and dermascope that The center in Crothersville, as well as in some Nebraska 55,041 plug into the computer. other schools in Indiana, is unique in part because North Dakota 4,955 Students can visit the clinic for a quick diagnosis. of the level of involvement by the local district. The school system itself manages the program. In contrast, Ohio 223,583 If the medical student/school nurse determines that a vast majority of the nation’s School Based Health the student needs to see a doctor, a virtual telehealth South Dakota 18,507 Care Centers have some kind of outside sponsor, visit is set up. Parents are contacted, too, to see if they such as a hospital, a community health center or local Wisconsin 171,552 want to join in. Under the doctor’s orders, the medical health department. Source: Kaiser Family Foundation student/school nurse uses a web-connected camera to examine the young person’s eyes, ears, throat and Illinois, Michigan help fund centers When would Midwest states exhaust skin. A special stethoscope is used to hear heart and CHIP funds without lung sounds. To this point, direct fiscal support from states to these federal reauthorization? The doctor determines if the student can stay at types of school-based health centers has been limited. school, should go home or needs to set up an addi- According to the School-Based Health Alliance, tional appointment with the doctor. If a student needs two Midwestern states — Illinois ($1.3 million) and medication, the physician can call in a prescription Michigan ($3.5 million) — were among the 16 states nationwide providing general-fund dollars to School to the family’s preferred pharmacy. “The whole goal is to help those kids who really Based Health Centers as of 2014. (Indiana’s support * don’t have access to a physician be able to receive that was coming via a federal block grant.) The state-funded centers in Michigan are strategi- * care right at school,” Goodin says. cally placed in medically underserved communities * ‘Making the school a resource’ and provide students with primary and mental health services. According to the Illinois Department of Across the country, the number of School Based Healthcare and Family Services, its state-funded centers By end of January 2018 Health Care Centers is on the rise, from a total of 1,135 provide routine medical and physical exams, immuniza- in 1998-99 to 2,315 in 2013-14, according to a census February-March 2018 tions, testing of and treatment for sexually transmitted of these facilities done by the nonprofit School-Based diseases, pregnancy testing, gynecological exams, and April 2018 or later Health Alliance. Most of these centers are located on mental health services or referrals. All students must Not reported school property, but some are mobile health clinics, have parental permission to receive services. rely solely on telehealth, or link services to a school Note: For some states, redistribution of funds could temporarily extend funding beyond the projected exhaustion date. This survey of states without a physical presence on the property. Article written by Carolyn Orr, CSG Midwest staff liaison to was conducted in summer 2017, with updated projections in Nationwide, most of these school-based centers the Midwestern Legislative Conference Agriculture & Natural November. States with an asterisk did not provide a November update. serve students in suburban and urban areas, but the Resources Committee. She can be reached at [email protected]. Source: Kaiser Family Foundation largest growth is occurring in rural communities such

4 STATELINE MIDWEST DECEMBER 2017 CAPITAL CLOSEUP

Illinois among first states to pass bills in wake of #MeToo movement

by Tim Anderson ([email protected])

n late October, an open letter detailing passed resolutions (HR 687 and SR 1076) setting of what sexual harassment is and how it should “#MeToo” stories in Illinois government became up separate House and Senate task forces. They will be handled. What exactly should be considered Ipart of the larger national story about sexual develop recommendations by the end of next year predatory conduct, for example, or inappropriate misconduct, discrimination and harassment. for further legislative action. behavior in the workplace? “Ask any woman who has lobbied the halls of “I know that the women in our Statehouse are McConnaughay also says some specific reforms the Capitol, staffed Council Chambers, or slogged going to push very hard to make changes that are needed in how ethics complaints, including through brutal hours on the campaign trail,” the letter make a real difference,” says McConnaughay, who claims of sexual harassment and discrimination, begins. “Misogyny is alive and well in this industry.” is serving on the Senate task force and also is part are handled within her state’s legislature. It then recounts specific stories of of a newly formed, bipartisan Women’s For example, the position of legislative inspector unwanted sexual advances, crude jokes, Capital Closeup Caucus in the state’s upper chamber. general — which investigates ethics complaints and inappropriate texts and comments. As McConnaughay notes, the against members of the Illinois General Assembly as “Illinois deserves responsible stew- situation in Illinois is not unique well as legislative staff — sat vacant for three years. ards of power. Let’s demand better,” — reports of sexual harassment and “That appointment power should not be in the concludes the letter, signed by more other misconduct have recently been hands of the General Assembly,” McConnaughay than 300 legislators, lobbyists, staffers reported in multiple U.S. statehouses believes. “It needs to be an individual who is and policymakers. and led to the resignations of state independently selected.” It didn’t take long for the General legislators. Further, she suggests changes in the makeup Assembly to respond. The House and Senate task forces, too, are not lim- of the Legislative Ethics Commission, currently an Because of the timing of the letter, the national ited to looking at state government. They will review eight-member group of lawmakers that rules on ethics #MeToo movement and a fall veto session, Illinois the consequences of discrimination and harassment complaints brought to it by the inspector general. became one of the first states to pass legislation in in Illinois’ public and private sectors. “For transparency and accountability, I think the wake of the heightened awareness about sexual “What we’ve seen from the recent [high-profile] we need to get laypeople on there as well,” says discrimination and harassment. stories involving movie moguls and media stars is McConnaughay, who serves on the commission. “We took some preliminary and basic steps,” the prevalence of people in positions of power, or The entire process of hearing and investigating Illinois Sen. Karen McConnaughay says. perceived power, harassing others and engaging harassment complaints needs to be overhauled, she SB 402 specifically prohibits the sexual ha- in what I would call predatory behavior,” she says. adds, to encourage victims to come forward. rassment of legislators and lobbyists; requires “What makes it so relevant in government is state agencies to adopt harassment policies; and that the people who make laws are seen as being Capital Closeup is an ongoing series of articles focusing on mandates that all state officials, employees and in a position of power.” institutional issues in state governments and legislatures. lobbyists complete yearly, in-person training. Her hope is that the work of these task forces Previous articles are available at csgmidwest.org. During that same veto session, legislators also leads to a clear delineation (set in policy or law) QUESTION OF THE MONTH cators are calculated into the Regent Admission In- dex; any student with an index score of 245 or more QUESTION: Do any Midwestern states have an automatic admissions can attend one of Iowa’s three public universities. policy for qualifying students to attend their public universities? In Kansas, students are guaranteed admission if they graduate with a GPA of 2.0 and meet one As of February 2017, nine states, including two in the % change in full-time equivalent of these three criteria: 1) have an ACT composite Midwest, had some kind of automatic admissions enrollment in public colleges and score of 21 or higher; 2) have an SAT score of 980 policy in place, according to the Education Com- universities: 2005-2015 or higher on math and critical reading; or 3) rank mission of the States. These policies guarantee that in the top third of their high school graduating an in-state student will be admitted to a public uni- class. These standards apply to five of the six public versity if he or she meets certain academic criteria. +7% universities in Kansas. “Assured admission” into the +1% University of Kansas, however, requires a grade- South Dakota joined that list of states this fall, when +13% +3% point average of at least 3.0 (it must be 3.25 or the state Department of Education announced a 0% higher for any student with an ACT score below 24). new “proactive admissions initiative.” To be eligible, +11% high school students must meet one of two bench- +7% Texas has perhaps the most well-known automatic +7% marks: 1) perform at a certain level on the state- -7% +14% admissions policy. The result of legislation passed in administered assessment of math and English skills, 1997, this policy requires the state’s public universi- +7% or 2) have an ACT composite score of 18 or higher. ties and colleges to accept students who finished in the top 10 percent of their high school graduating Meeting one of these criteria guarantees “general class. The lone exception to this rule applies to the Lower than U.S. increase of 12% acceptance” into South Dakota’s six public universi- University of Texas-Austin, which instead must auto- ties and four technical institutes (some specific col- Higher than U.S. increase of 12% matically admit enough students to fill 75 percent of lege majors may have more-stringent admissions available in-state resident spaces. As a result of this standards). All qualifying high school seniors in the Source: College Board (using data from National Center on Education Statistics and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System) modification to the state law, only applicants who state will receive an acceptance letter. This proactive finish in the top 7 percent of their graduating class admissions initiative (a partnership of the South will be guaranteed admission to UT-Austin in 2018. Dakota Department of Education, Board of Regents and Kansas as also having automatic admissions and Board of Technical Education) has two central policies for in-state students. objectives: first, ensure students are aware of their Article written by Tim Anderson ([email protected]), CSG postsecondary opportunities; and two, retain more Guaranteed entry in Iowa is based on four factors: Midwest publications manager. Question of the Month of the state’s homegrown talent. a student’s composite ACT score, high school class highlights an inquiry sent to the CSG Midwest Information ranking, grade-point average, and the number of Help Line: [email protected] or 630.925.1922. The Education Commission of the States lists Iowa courses taken in core subject areas. Those four indi-

STATELINE MIDWEST DECEMBER 2017 5 COVER STORY

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 States turn to new, revised tax incentives to compete for businesses and jobs

Neylon, chair of the Assembly Committee on The fact that Illinois is a legitimate contender % increase in total employment, Jobs and the Economy, says Foxconn initially became amid all of these proposals, Rep. Zalewski says, “helps 2006 to 2016 interested in Wisconsin because of its water resources, solidify our reputation as an incubator for tech jobs.” workforce and past use of incentives. Illinois has suggested 10 Chicago-area locations as “But a lot of other states have similar-type incen- 23.2% potential sites, and though the announced proposal to tives and workforces,” Neylon says, “so what we did 6.3% land Amazon did not include detail on the incentives, was take it a step further by putting together a package 11.2% 3.5% they are likely in the multibillion-dollar range. Part of refundable tax credits.” 2.7% of the package will likely involve Illinois’ reworked Making the credits “refundable” means Foxconn 5.5% EDGE tax credit, which is the primary tool that the 8.7% 2.8% can receive tax refunds (once its tax liability reaches 4.9% 4.9% state can use to attract a business such as Amazon. zero). These credits will be awarded over time, for Before passage of HB 162 in September, however, both building the plant and creating new jobs. 6.8% EDGE had been allowed to expire, a reflection of “That number of $3 billion is basically a cap of concerns among lawmakers about the program and what is possible for them to receive from Wisconsin; its efficacy. For example, was there enough evidence Lower than U.S. increase of 10.0% it is not necessarily the amount that they will receive,” of job creation and growth from the tax credits? Was Neylon says. “That will be based on performance.” Higher than U.S. increase there enough transparency about how tax dollars For example, under AB 1, only jobs that pay at were being used? Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis least $30,000 are eligible to receive tax credits, and the The EDGE tax credit began in 2001 and, before average annual salary at the plant must be $53,900. expiring in April, had awarded more than $1.4 billion The incentive agreement also requires Foxconn to second corporate headquarters. worth of tax credits through 859 agreements with meet employment targets: 5,200 jobs by 2022; 10,400 “The concept of the large incentive package for a businesses. According to the Illinois Department of by 2027; and 13,000 by 2032. Foxconn’s owner will big fish is nothing new,” says Chris Magill, who works Development and Economic Opportunity, over the be personally responsible for paying 25 percent of in Ohio as economic development director for the program’s initial 15 years, EDGE tax credits helped the penalty if the company fails to meet these job consulting firm Ice Miller, which assists the public and create approximately 37,000 jobs. numbers. According to Neylon, this inclusion of private sectors with site selection and growth strategies. Some lawmakers, though, questioned whether the performance standards and clawback provisions was The difference in the Amazon case, he says, is the evidence of job creation/growth was so clear. manner in which the company gave everybody the Still, this year’s HB 162, which revived EDGE while essential to garnering support inside the Legislature. opportunity to compete by submitting a bid. making changes to the program, received bipartisan Landing the ‘big fish’ “That type of activity is going to bring the entire support. incentives game to the forefront,” Magill says. Amazon Under the law, businesses receive a corporate he end result for Wisconsin was landing the reports having received 238 proposals from jurisdic- income tax credit of either 50 percent of the additional Foxconn plant, and Illinois is hoping for a tions in nearly every state in the nation, as well as income tax withholdings from new employees, plus Tsimilar outcome in its pursuit of Amazon’s north and south of the U.S. border. 10 percent of training costs for those workers, or 100 Examples of state incentive programs in Midwest to attract new businesses, expand existing ones

ILLINOIS’ HIGH IMPACT BUSINESS PROGRAM — Provides incentives for new, large-scale projects that involve at least $12 million in capital investments and the creation of at least 500 full-time jobs (the threshold for existing business is a $30 million investment and retention of 1,500 jobs). Qualifying businesses may receive investment tax credits, a sales tax exemption on building materials and/or utilities, and a sales tax exemption on purchases of personal property used in the manufacturing process or in the operation of a pollution control facility.

INDIANA’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FOR A GROWING ECONOMY PAYROLL TAX CREDIT — Provides a refundable corporate income tax credit of up to 100 percent of the expected increased tax withholdings generated from new-job creation. New investments and net new jobs are a requirement for receiving the credit. The exact tax credit is determined in each agreement between the state and business. It is phased in over 10 years and based on the agreed-upon increase in employment.

IOWA’S HIGH QUALITY JOB CREATION PROGRAM — Provides loans, forgivable loans, tax credits, tax exemptions and/or refunds to help businesses offset the costs of locating, expanding or upgrading facilities. Award amounts are based on a project’s level of need, the percentage of created or retained jobs defined as “high quality,” and economic impact. To qualify, businesses must meet a certain wage threshold (the average wage in the county or region) and provide a certain level of medical benefits to employees.

KANSAS’ HIGH PERFORMANCE INCENTIVE PROGRAM — Provides an income tax credit of 10 percent for eligible capital investments that exceed $50,000 ($1 million in the state’s five metropolitan counties). A company can receive credits for up to 16 years; the program also includes a sales tax exemption and a workforce training tax credit of up to $50,000. The program includes a wage requirement, one of which is that a business pay above-average wages in its industry sector.

MICHIGAN’S BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM — Provides grants, loans or other assistance to businesses that create at least 50 new jobs (25 new jobs for high-tech companies or firms locating in a rural county). Among the preferences in this program is one for businesses that choose to locate or expand in Michigan over another state. Other factors that the state considers include the level of capital investment, wage levels and links to Michigan’s existing supply chain.

MINNESOTA’S JOB CREATION FUND — Provides financial incentives of $1 million ($2 million, in some cases, for larger projects) to new or expanding businesses that create at least 10 full-time jobs and invest at least $500,000 in property improvements. To be eligible, a firm must pay its employees at least $12.85 in hourly wages and benefits (this prevailing-wage requirement is adjusted annually).

NEBRASKA’S EMPLOYMENT AND INVESTMENT GROWTH ACT FUND — Provides incentives for companies that hire at least 30 new employees and invest at least $3 million. The income tax credits are equal to 5 percent of the project’s increased payroll for five years and 10 percent of the project’s investment; the state also includes a refund of the sales taxes paid on purchases for the project. Companies investing $10 million and creating 100 new jobs may also receive a 15-year exemption from the personal property tax.

NORTH DAKOTA’S NEW OR EXPANDING BUSINESS INCOME TAX EXEMPTION — Provides an income tax exemption for up to five years to two types of new or expanding businesses: 1) a tourism-based business that is a destination attraction, and 2) a “primary sector business” — one that adds value to a product, process or service that generates new wealth in the state.

OHIO’S JOB CREATION TAX CREDIT — Provides a refundable tax credit to companies that create at least 10 jobs within three years with a minimum annual payroll of $660,000 and that pay at least 150 percent of the federal minimum wage. The credit is based on the additional state income taxes that result from the new jobs created by the business investment. This credit can be applied to a company’s commercial activity tax, insurance premium tax, state corporate franchise tax or personal income tax obligation.

SOUTH DAKOTA’S REVOLVING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FUND — Provides low-interest loans to start-up firms, expanding or relocating businesses, and local economic development corporations. Loans of up to 45 percent of the project’s costs are available and are offered at a fixed interest rate (currently 2 percent); before applying, companies must secure interim financing for construction and matching funds for permanent financing, as well as provide a minimum equity contribution of 10 percent.

WISCONSIN’S ENTERPRISE ZONE JOBS TAX CREDIT — Provides refundable tax credits in state-designated enterprise zones. Qualifying businesses include those that relocate operations from other states, expand their workforce or make capital investments. The amount of the incentives can be based on 1) job creation, up to 7 percent of annual wages; 2) job training, up to 100 percent of costs; 3) capital investments, up to 10 percent of all expenditures; or 4) the project’s economic impact, up to 1 percent of the purchases made from in-state supply-chain vendors.

6 STATELINE MIDWEST DECEMBER 2017 FEATURE STORY

percent of the additional income tax withholding Corporate income tax rates in the # of economic incentive programs from new employees (whichever is less). Midwest (2017) currently o ered in Midwest’s states To help more Illinois businesses vie for the tax credits, lawmakers lowered the minimum capital State Rate Flat rate or brackets? 61 investment to qualify — from $5 million to $2.5 Illinois 7.0%1 Flat million. And there is no such investment requirement 30 Indiana 6.0% Flat for companies with fewer than 100 employees. 21 50 6.0%- 4 brackets (low of $25,000/ 29 In addition, higher levels of incentives will go Iowa to businesses that locate or expand in low-income 12.0% high of $250,001) 41 27 areas of Illinois (the 50 percent income tax capture 2 45 Kansas 4.0% Flat 21 29 increases to 75 percent). Michigan 6.0% Flat “It’s a better incentive,” Zalewski says, “and I 44 3 think it’ll end up bringing more jobs to the state Minnesota 9.8% Flat as we rebound from these last few years of difficult 5.58%- 2 brackets (higher rate for Source: Council for Community and Economic Research (C2ER), State Business Nebraska budget situations.” 7.81% income over $100,000) Incentive Database HB 162 also includes language to address 1.41%- 3 brackets (low of $25,000/ North Dakota 100 percent of its new employees’ tax withholding for concerns about transparency. For example, details 4.31% high of $50,001) of the deal must be made public within 10 days. 10 years. Businesses that create 500 or more jobs need Ohio State imposes a commercial activity tax One other hope is that the program allows the to pay wages of at least 100 percent of the regional state to take a different approach to attracting and South Dakota State has no corporate income tax average and can receive the tax capture. A business creating 3,000 or more new jobs is eligible for the retaining businesses. Rather than responding to Wisconsin 7.9% Flat demands as they come, Illinois will have a strong tax capture for a full 10 years. This new law limits 1 Illinois also imposes a personal property replacement tax of 2.5 percent the state program to 15 projects per year, with total mix of incentives already in place. 2 Kansas also levies a 3.0% surtax on taxable income over $50,000 annual incentives capped at $200 million. This “proactive mindset,” Magill says, is be- 3 Minnesota also levies a 5.8 percent tentative minimum tax on alternative coming more common in states across the country. minimum taxable income According to Stamas, performance-based stan- “In the past, incentives were much more of a Source: Federation of Tax Administrators dards in the three-bill package helped get it through reactive thing, meaning that the company would the Legislature. come to the state and say, ‘I want to come here or ‘Michigan is open for business’ “No new jobs means no incentive,” he adds, noting I want to go there, what can you do for me?’” he that if recipient businesses fall below specified job says. “And then the states would react.” arlier this year, Michigan lawmakers decided numbers and wage requirements, they lose that year’s Still, decisions on incentives (how much? who to expand their state’s use of incentives, with tax capture. (Businesses can, however, regain the should get them?) sometimes have to be made on Ea three-bill package (SB 242-244, signed into benefits if they meet the requirements again.) a case-by-case basis. law in September) that focuses on larger employers These new incentives for larger-scale projects Peter Evangelakis, an economist with the looking to move to or expand operations. mark the latest effort to position the state for economic modeling organization REMI, suggests “We were not necessarily attracting or even economic success, Stamas says. He cites tax and that lawmakers take as broad a view as possible being considered part of the bid process on large regulatory reform, as well as recent investments in when deciding whether incentives are worth the investments of 250- to 500-plus jobs,” says Jim job training and the skilled trades, as other parts of investment. Stamas, vice chair of the Michigan Competitiveness Michigan’s growth strategy. “If there’s a big influx of new, relatively high- Committee. One reason: Unlike most other states “We are saying, ‘Come on in, Michigan is open for paid workers, that’s going to be a relatively large with a corporate income tax, Michigan did not have business,’” he says. increase in the tax base, and so the [state] should incentive programs for these types of projects. The recent changes are the result of Michigan law- probably be more willing to give relatively higher But under the new law, businesses now can keep makers evaluating their state’s competitive strengths incentives,” Evangelakis says. or capture the state income tax paid by workers who and weaknesses. According to Magill, many other Furthermore, he says, it’s important to look at are hired as the result of a new or expanding business. states are doing this type of in-depth analysis as well, factors beyond an increase in the tax base. Will there The length of the incentive depends on how many particularly in light of the high-profile chase to land be a bump in construction activity, for instance, new jobs are created and the wages being paid to these projects such as Foxconn’s and Amazon’s. or improvements in the local infrastructure? Will new employees. For example, a company that creates “It’s understanding what you have and if you are the business provide workforce training to area at least 250 new jobs and pays a wage that is 125 actually prepared for some of these opportunities,” residents? percent of the regional average is eligible to receive he says.

Annual survey of corporate executives highlights factors behind selection of business sites Because of their large scale and huge economic impact, the Foxconn manufacturing facility and Amazon’s new corporate headquarters are not typical economic development projects. However, they do highlight the intense competition among states and localities for businesses that can bring in new jobs. Every year, Area Development magazine surveys corporate executives about the factors that influence business-location decisions. Government taxes, exemptions and incentives make the list of top-10 factors but, according to survey respondents, aren’t necessarily as important as other considerations such as labor force and location. Top-10 factors in site selection #1 Highway accessibility — “Very important” or “important” to 94.4 percent of survey respondents #2 Availability of skilled labor — “Very important” or “important” to 89.8 percent of survey respondents #3 Labor costs — “Very important” or “important” to 89.6 percent of survey respondents #4 Occupancy/construction costs — “Very important” or “important” to 86.0 percent of survey respondents #5 State and local incentives — “Very important” or “important” to 84.0 percent of survey respondents #6 Corporate tax rate — “Very important” or “important” to 82.3 percent of survey respondents #7 Tax exemption — “Very important” or “important” to 79.7 percent of survey respondents #8 Energy availability and costs — “Very important” or “important” to 78.5 percent of survey respondents #9 Proximity to major markets — “Very important” or “important” to 78.1 percent of survey respondents #10 Quality of life — “Very important” or “important” to 76.4 percent of survey respondents

STATELINE MIDWEST DECEMBER 2017 7 STATELINE PROFILE

Wisconsin Assembly Minority Leader Gordon Hintz Five-term legislator, now leader, looks to balance cooperation, contrast as he leads his caucus into 2018 session, election

by Jon Davis ([email protected])

egislative life has moved quickly for Rep. Gordon Hintz, who was elected to Wisconsin’s Assembly Bio-sketch of Rep. Hintz Lin 2006 and chosen as minority leader by his caucus in 2017.  Elected in 2006; selected as Assembly His path to the Legislature took a bit longer, minority leader in 2017 but can be traced back to his childhood in Oshkosh, Wis., and growing up the son of university professors.  Has a bachelor’s degree from Hamline “My dad taught public administration and my mom University, and an MPA from the University of served on the city of Oshkosh Zoning Board of Appeals, Wisconsin-Madison so the dinner table was a place where I listened to a lot  Taught American government at UW-Oshkosh of stories about the role of government and the minute details of policy and administration, and politics and  Lives in Oshkosh with his wife, Liz, and their policy overlapped to some extent,” Hintz says. infant daughter, Beatrix That led to involvement with student council and a study of political science at Hamline University in St. Paul, Minn. Which led to working on Paul Wellstone’s 1996 U.S. Senate campaign, then working for former “It’s always a fine line, but I think the public would U.S. Sen. Herb Kohl and former U.S. Rep. Jay W. Johnson as a legislative staff assistant in Washington, be surprised at how functional the relationship is D.C. Hintz also served as a research assistant for Gov. Tommy Thompson’s Commission on State and Local and how members interact personally.” Partnerships for the 21st Century (the 1999-2000 “Kettl Commission”) and worked as a management that we needed to rally around a leader and move it in How do you ensure that your caucus’s voice is assistant and budget analyst for Long Beach, Calif. a new direction. Q: heard? He was also runner-up in the 2003 U.S. Air Guitar As both minority leader and representative for I’m a big believer that a lot of the nuts and National Championships, shredding as “Krye Tuff,” and Q: your district, what are your priorities for 2018? A: bolts — and a lot of the argument and was featured in the documentary “Air Guitar Nation” There are issues that I think we can get bringing attention to things — has to be done at the (making him one of the rare Midwestern legislators A: done that have bipartisan support: clos- committee level, meaning if you can get a hearing on with a film credit on IMDB.com). ing what we call the “dark store” tax loophole, a bill or a hearing on an issue, you can get attention In a recent interview with Stateline Midwest, he where national retailers have been getting their on it and get invaluable input from people. Hopefully reflected on his path to the Legislature and leader- taxes lowered, which shifts the costs to residential we then get more organic, Wisconsin-based solutions ship, and on priorities for 2018. Here are excerpts property tax payers and small-business owners. from lawmakers that take their responsibilities seri- from the interview. There’s bipartisan support for that in both houses; ously. A lot of our role was to highlight issues that both houses have had hearings. I think that’s a weren’t being addressed and that weren’t seeming to What got you interested in politics? Was there real priority. be a priority. Q: an “a-ha” moment that prompted you to run There is a bipartisan bill to decriminalize for office? marijuana, [as criminalization] has human costs With 2018 being an election year, what is your I think it was more around 2003 where prob- and also is driving up costs in our criminal justice Q: role as minority leader in treading the line A: ably, professionally I was looking for a change system. I think we need to focus on that issue more. between politicking and legislating? and I was finding myself increasingly frustrated with Student loan debt is something that Democrats have I think it’s about having clear communication, government at all levels. At the time, there was a lot of been talking a lot about in Wisconsin. Gov. [Scott] A: and so far, the relationship with the speaker negative attention and concern about foreign policy Walker has mentioned it, but hasn’t supported any has been good. We have lunch with both Speaker Vos and the Iraq War; but for me, it was also about my of our initiatives to allow people to refinance their and Majority Leader [Jim] Steineke, and keeping those hometown of Oshkosh, and increasingly seeing what I student loans like people do their houses or cars. channels open, both when we engage and when we’re thought was a state government that was not supportive A lot of it is contrast with the policies that exist trying to get things we think are priorities. I think it’s as a partner for local governments. I felt sort of called now — the state is going to give $3 billion to a for- important to express [our thoughts on] some bills into action, that I should put myself up and put myself eign company instead of providing even a quarter which we think we can actually get passed, and that forward. While I hadn’t thought about it [at the time], of that over time to expand rural broadband or to they’re priorities; to keep them on the radar and make it made sense to do it because of a lot of the things that incentivize entrepreneurship and start-ups, an sure they’re moving through the process. I had done up to that point. area where Wisconsin is a little bit behind. So, a It’s always a fine line, but I think the public would lot of ideas take time and you have to be able to be surprised at how functional the relationship is and What prompted your decision to become sort of balance what things you think are public how members interact personally. We remain friendly, Q: minority leader? policy you can get done. Certainly [I will] work and there’s almost a solidarity in what we all have in I think in my case, I’m in the middle of my with Speaker [Robin Vos] to encourage getting common, and that we’ve put ourselves forward to A: caucus both in terms of my age (43), and in things on the calendar that I think we can get done. serve. We do many of the same things on a daily basis. terms of my service (11 years). I think criminal justice reform is another I think that’s important to maintain. It certainly has There are, I think, 15 people who have been there area where we’ve been doing the status quo while been a challenging few years, the last six-seven years in as long or longer than me, and 20 people who have other states have been more active in reducing how contentious a lot of politics have become among come in in the last five or six years. Age-wise, I’m recidivism and lowering costs. It’s a challenge the public and politicians. I think just reminding about in the middle, so I think given my experience we that Wisconsin is going to have to deal with, the ourselves of what we’re ultimately there to do and needed some juice to kind of put us in a position to be expense numbers and [talk] of potentially having knowing that there are issues that have bipartisan successful going forward, I responded to my members to build another prison. support ... are things to always keep in mind.

8 STATELINE MIDWEST DECEMBER 2017 FIRST PERSON A FORUM FOR LEGISLATORS AND CONSTITUTIONAL OFFICERS Wineries, local foods ripen in Kansas Legislators watch, ponder zoning legislation as Kansas viticulture makes a comeback thanks in part to the ‘farm-to-table’ movement

by Kansas Sen. Carolyn McGinn ([email protected])

ave you ever thought about or been to wine in a pasture and maybe getting a little something Bonded wineries in the Midwest, country in the states or abroad? If so, when on their shoes. 2012 to 2017* Hthinking about one of those locations, did During the Kansas Legislature’s 2017 session, Kansas ever come to mind? State February 2012 February 2017 there were rumblings of legislation to provide a I would guess probably not. But did you know Illinois 98 100 blanket zoning ordinance, no matter if you lived Kansas once was one of the top wine-producing in an urban county or rural county. states in the country — that is, before Carry Nation Indiana 61 83 This is not the direction to go. This is an issue wielded her hatchet on the bar of the Eaton Hotel Iowa 89 100 where local policies are best. in Wichita, Kan., in 1900? In my own county, Sedgwick, agriculture sits Kansas 24 38 As far back as the 19th century, Kansas was a right next to Wichita, the largest city in the state, significant grape-growing state. Its latitude, sunny Michigan 122 143 and still plays a significant role in the economy. growing season and soils provided favorable condi- Minnesota 44 64 A few of us decided to take our case to the met- tions for growing grapes. By the 1870s, Kansas ropolitan county planning commission. Knowing Nebraska 26 31 and its neighbor, Missouri, constituted one of the that increased regulation was a likely possibility, largest grape growing and wine-making regions North Dakota 8 12 we wanted to be the first at the table to make sure in the United States. Ohio 134 193 the rules worked and set a good standard. We Unfortunately for those early wine producers, wanted our neighbors to enjoy the peace of mind Kansas was the first state in the union to pass a South Dakota 18 22 of a quality neighborhood and still provide venues constitutional amendment prohibiting all manu- Wisconsin 73 101 for others to enjoy. facture and sale of “intoxicating liquors” in 1881. * Bonded wineries are licensed by the federal Alcohol and Tobacco After two years, we were successful. Working With national prohibition following in 1920, the Tax & Trade Bureau and responsible for all production activities together with local units of government and grape and wine industry in Kansas and Missouri taking place on their premises. communicating the uniqueness of the attraction was destroyed. Source: Wine Business Monthly and how it will help the local economy was a win/ Even after the repeal of prohibition, strong win for our county. liquor laws in Kansas prevented the reemergence While Kansas has been in the spotlight in recent of the industry until the Kansas Farm Winery their operations. We are seeing a great deal of years for a failed tax policy, other less prominent Statute was passed in 1985. Provisions had to be farmers sustain themselves as a small farm through legislation has moved forward to improve local made in the Act for a “farm winery” license. You diversifying and offering consumer choices such food markets. The Kansas Legislature formed a could be a manufacturer, which meant you could as locally grown foods, organic products and of task force to explore ways to bring local foods to make wine, but it was not tied to using Kansas recent years, agri-tourism. communities, enhance the economy, and fill in grapes. Everything from “U-pick it” programs to corn both urban and rural food deserts — all better Creation of the “farm winery” license encour- mazes and pumpkin patches. However, with suc- known as “farm to table” initiatives. aged Kansas grape growing because you had to use cess come challenges. Today, people now more than ever want to 60 percent Kansas-grown grapes. Further, federal As urban folks flock to the farm, complaints know more about where their food comes from law states you must use 75 percent juice from rise about rural road erosion and about music past and how it is processed. The investments made Kansas to state on the label “Kansas Wine.” The the normal sundown hours for quaint farm wed- by small farms are not only helping to tell that combination of that requirement, and the privilege dings, for example, and have created debate and story, but are bringing more urban families to the of having a tasting room at the farm so the winery discussion about urban and rural zoning issues. country to experience it firsthand. could sell direct to consumers, encouraged the Should roads to the venue be a factor to con- We can never stop telling the story of agricul- expansion of Kansas farm wineries. sider? Absolutely! Many rural roads are developed ture, for when we do, there will be policies and You do not have to look further than this for the amount of traffic and weight of a vehicle politics that change the course of its history for example to see the profound effect politics and predicted to travel there per day. Many residents years to come. policy has on agriculture and public perception. who purchase property in rural areas probably did Today, I am proud to be a grape grower in Kansas Sen. Carolyn McGinn, a Republican from Sedgwick, not make their purchase with urban or suburban serves as chair of the Ways & Means Committee and its Kansas and to be a part of the comeback of this rush hour traffic in mind. rich tradition. As a fifth-generation family farm, Agriculture & Natural Resources Subcommittee. She is Being good neighbors has always been impor- also her chamber’s appointee to the Midwest Interstate our business continues to think about ways to tant for the farm community, and that shouldn’t Passenger Rail Commission. respond to changing consumer preferences and change despite diversification. opportunities. In addition to planting grape vines, our farm Pressing matters for legislators? has reintroduced chickens, hair sheep and dwarf Submissions welcome Metropolitan zoning boards require farms in Nigerian goats in recent years, and we have This page is designed to be a forum for legislators and recently constructed a cool house to prolong the urban areas to get conditional-use permits and constitutional officers. The opinions expressed on this page growing season for herbs and garden vegetables. provide a formulated square footage of concrete (While not directly related to agriculture, we parking and a license for each event. do not reflect those of The Council of State Governments or have also renovated our old farmhouse and offer it But urban zoning laws do not always make the Midwestern Legislative Conference. Responses to any as a guest house for those who want to see a farm sense in the country. FirstPerson article are welcome, as are pieces written on up close or who just need a quiet country getaway.) For example, people who want to come and visit other topics. For more information, contact Tim Anderson Today, farmers are making decisions to invest a farm are trying to get away from asphalt parking at 630.925.1922 or [email protected]. large amounts of capital to expand or diversify and might be excited about experiencing parking

STATELINE MIDWEST DECEMBER 2017 9 CSG MIDWEST NEWS & EVENTS

Sen. Darwin Booher installed as new In memoriam: leader of Great Lakes Legislative Caucus South Dakota Rep. Craig Tieszen Michigan lawmaker will serve as chair, replacing retiring Wisconsin Rep. Cory Mason he Midwestern Legislative Conference he leadership of the Great Lakes Legislative mourns the passing of South Dakota Rep. Caucus changed in December when TCraig Tieszen, who died on Nov. 22. TWisconsin Rep. Cory Mason stepped down A South Dakota native and a member of as chair and was succeeded by Sen. Darwin Booher the Legislature since 2009, he was elected to of Michigan, who had been serving as vice chair his first term in the House of Representatives since 2013. in 2016, following four two-year terms in the Sen. Booher is the fourth legislator to lead the Senate. GLLC since its founding in 2003. A graduate of the South Dakota School of Mason had served as GLLC chair since 2015; Mines and Technology his term was set to expire at the end of 2018. In with a degree in chem- October, however, Mason was elected mayor of ical engineering, Rep. Racine, Wis. Shortly after his inauguration, Mason Tieszen served for four announced his intention to resign his Assembly Members of Great Lakes Legislative years as a Peace Corps seat in January. Caucus Executive Committee volunteer in Kenya As a past chair of the caucus, Mason will before embarking on • Illinois Rep. Robyn Gabel remain a member of a 32-year career in the GLLC’s Executive • Indiana Sen. Ed Charbonneau law enforcement. He Committee until he • Michigan Sen. Darwin Booher, chair eventually served as South Dakota Rep. leaves the Assembly. chief of the Rapid City • Michigan Rep. David Maturen Craig Tieszen In announcing the Police Department • Minnesota Sen. Ann Rest, past chair transition in leader- from 2000 until his ship during the caucus’s • Minnesota Rep. Jennifer Schultz retirement in 2007. quarterly web meet- • New York Assemblyman Peter Lawrence The following year, he turned his attention ing on Dec. 1, Booher • Ohio Rep. Dan Ramos to legislative service. commended Mason Over the years, Rep. Tieszen served on • Ontario Speaker Dave Levac Michigan Sen. for his years of service a number of key legislative committees, Darwin Booher, chair to the caucus as chair • Pennsylvania Rep. Curt Sonney including Education, Judiciary, Government and as a member of the • Wisconsin Rep. Cory Mason, past chair Operations and Audit, and the House Executive Committee. • Wisconsin Rep. Nick Milroy Committee on Retirement Laws, the latter of “While we are sorry to see Rep. Mason move on which he served as chair. from our caucus,” Booher said, “we’re very happy His commitment to public service was also for him and wish him all the best in his new role in nonpartisan forum for Great Lakes legislators; reflected in the numerous leadership roles he the executive branch of government. As the mayor for legislators who not only want to learn about played within his local community, including of a fine Great Lakes city, Rep. Mason will continue the problems that affect our Great Lakes but who 35 years as a member of the board of directors to be a strong advocate for the lakes.” are committed to working together to solve those of the Rapid City Club for Boys. Booher said he recognized that he has “sub- problems.” Rep. Tieszen was an active member of stantial shoes to fill” as he follows previous leaders Under GLLC rules, the position of vice chair The Council of State Governments and the in growing the organization and increasing its will remain vacant until the caucus’s next meeting, Midwestern Legislative Conference. profile as a forum for Great Lakes advocacy. which is scheduled for Sept. 21-22 in Erie, Pa. The A 2010 alumnus of the MLC’s Bowhay “We legislators have an extremely important GLLC’s Executive Committee will decide in early Institute for Legislative Leadership role,” he said. “We have the power to establish 2018 whether to hold a special election to fill the Development, Rep. Tieszen served as member policy and appropriate funding for programs that vacancy for the remainder of the term, which runs of the BILLD Steering Committee and the MLC restore and protect the Great Lakes; that provide through the end of 2018. Executive Committee, as well as the Midwest- our citizens with access to safe, affordable drink- “It has been such an honor to get to know so Canada Relations Committee and the Criminal ing water; and that help our jurisdictions sustain many wonderful legislators from the eight U.S. Justice and Public Safety Committee. existing businesses and industries and attract new states and two Canadian provinces that call the He was also a graduate of CSG’s Henry Toll ones who will responsibly use the vast resource Great Lakes home,” Mason said in a letter announc- Fellowship Program. that we have in the Great Lakes.” ing his resignation. Rep. Tieszen is survived by his wife, Booher observed that the GLLC had “come “I am so proud of the work this organization Deb; daughters Leslie and Laura and their a long way” since its founding in 2003, evolving has done to keep things non-, bi-, or even multi- husbands; two grandchildren; a brother and from “an ad hoc group of a few dozen like-minded partisan. The lakes need that kind of advocacy if a sister and their families. legislators to a structured, active organization of we are to successfully protect them for posterity. over 200 members.” “I will continue my advocacy for the Great Notwithstanding this progress, he added, “we Lakes, now as a mayor. It is my sincere hope that I have only just begun to tap our full potential as a will meet you again on the water’s edge somewhere Correction forum for regional action.” on the Great Lakes.” Booher pledged “to continue to guide the GLLC CSG provides staff support to the nonpartisan, n the November issue of Stateline Midwest, toward a strong future as the only binational, binational caucus. a list of women in legislative leadership Ipositions should have listed Joan Heckaman as North Dakota Senate minority leader.

The Council of State Governments was founded in 1933 as a national, nonpartisan organization to assist and advance state government. The headquarters office, in Lexington, Ky., is responsible for a variety of national programs and services, including research, reference publications, innovations transfer, suggested state legislation and interstate consulting services. The Midwestern Office supports several groups of state officials, including the Midwestern Legislative Conference, an association of all legislators in 11 states: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota and Wisconsin. The Canadian provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario and Saskatchewan are MLC affiliate members.

10 STATELINE MIDWEST DECEMBER 2017 Midwest states look to next steps after CSG Justice Center’s public safety summit Up to 20 forums will continue state-level conversations in early 2018

he Council of State Governments’ Justice Center, in partnership with the Association of State Justice reinvestment in Midwest CALENDAR TCorrectional Administrators, hosted a two-day public safety “summit” of lawmakers, corrections, UPCOMING MIDWESTERN LEGISLATIVE law enforcement and behavioral health officials in CONFERENCE AND THE COUNCIL OF STATE Washington, D.C., on Nov. 13-14, 2017. GOVERNMENTS EVENTS A final report from the summit — summarizing data presented during the meeting, research find- ings, case studies, and steps to take toward reducing NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION correctional populations and recidivism — is due in STAKEHOLDERS FORUM January or February, says Robert Busweiler, the CSG June 4-7, 2018 Omaha, Nebraska Justice Center’s public affairs manager. State teams received a workbook highlighting Contact: Lisa Janairo ([email protected]) national and state-specific analyses on crime data State has received or is receiving technical 630.925.1922 assistance from CSG Justice Center including recidivism and arrest rates (these will be csgmidwest.org posted online soon at csgjusticecenter.org). They also were encouraged to request follow-up the Crime and Justice Institute. 73RD ANNUAL MEETING OF visits with experts from the CSG Justice Center or Several Midwestern states are among those who THE MIDWESTERN LEGISLATIVE the Crime and Justice Institute, during which experts have requested these forums, Busweiler says. CONFERENCE will review information presented at the summit Legislators attending the public safety summit July 15-18, 2018 Winnipeg, Manitoba to a much larger cross-section of policymakers, from the Midwest were: Rep. John Cabello (Illinois), practitioners and advocates in that state. Rep. Kevin Mahan (Indiana), Sen. Daniel Dawson Contact: Gail Meyer ([email protected]) These forums are designed to help policymakers (Iowa), Rep. Russ Jennings (Kansas), Rep. Dave 630.925.1922 understand their state’s particular challenges within Pagel (Michigan), Rep. Marion O’Neill (Minnesota), csgmidwest.org regional and national contexts, including case studies Sen. Kelly Armstrong (North Dakota), Sen. Arthur of strategies and/or policies used by state and local Rusch (South Dakota) and Rep. Michael Schraa 24TH ANNUAL BOWHAY INSTITUTE governments across the country. (Wisconsin). FOR LEGISLATIVE LEADERSHIP Up to 20 states may be selected for such a follow- CSG’s New York City-based Justice Center offers DEVELOPMENT (BILLD) up forum in the first quarter of 2018. States must in-depth research tailored to individual states or August 10-14, 2018 commit to hosting a 90-minute to two-hour meeting counties seeking to improve their justice systems. Minneapolis, Minnesota of between 25 and 50 people from all branches of The Justice Center has 130 employees and offices Contact: Laura Tomaka ([email protected]) government — including bipartisan representation in Washington, D.C., Bethesda, Md., Austin, Texas, 630.925.1922 from the Legislature — and state and local “stake- and Seattle. csgmidwest.org holders” to review and discuss crime, corrections and The Crime and Justice Institute is part of the behavioral health trends. Boston-based Community Resources for Justice, CSG HENRY TOLL Winning states must also agree to hold two or which traces its roots to the “New England Society FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM three follow-up meetings with either the CSG Justice for the Suppression of Vice,” founded in 1878. (Its August 24-29, 2018 Center or Crime and Justice Institute to discuss next current name dates from the 1999 merger of the Lexington, Kentucky steps, and designate a state coordinator who will be Crime and Justice Foundation and Massachusetts Contact: Kelley Arnold ([email protected]) the main “point of contact.” Half-Way Houses.) 859.244.8000 Selected states will also be able to request The Institute works with state, local and national csg.org additional technical assistance funded by the U.S. organizations — including police agencies and court Department of Justice’s Bureau of Justice Assistance, and correctional systems — offering system, policy GREAT LAKES LEGISLATIVE which will select participating states and decide and data analysis, risk and need assessments, profes- CAUCUS MEETING whether they’ll work with the CSG Justice Center or sional training, and implementation assistance. September 20-22, 2018 Erie, Pennsylvania

Contact: Lisa Janairo ([email protected]) Leaders of nonpartisan legislative staff share ideas 920.458.5910 greatlakeslegislators.org for improving work done for Midwest’s lawmakers CSG Midwest’s Midwestern Legislative Service Agency NATIONAL CSG CONFERENCE and Research Directors Group met this fall and discussed December 6-8, 2018 topics such as technology use, agency modernization Northern Kentucky/Greater Cincinnati and transition planning.. Gloria Cotton (at right) of inQUEST Consulting led a session on inter-generational Contact: Kelley Arnold ([email protected]) management. Also pictured are Joanne Pepperl, revisor 859.244.8000 csg.org of statutes for the Nebraska Legislature; Jason Hancock, director of the South Dakota Legislative Research Council; Jim Smith, director of the North Dakota Legislative Research Council; Steve Praska of Thomson Reuters; and Jim Kelly, deputy director of research and drafting services for the Ohio General Assembly.

STATELINE MIDWEST DECEMBER 2017 11 CAPITOL salary equal to one-fifth ofmedianhousehold equalto one-fifth salary the proposal, legislators would earnayearly well asthestate’s voters, isstillrequired. Under kota. Approval by thefullHouse andSenate, as to Da themedianhouseholdincome inSouth state Constitution sothat legislative pay istied advanced aresolution that would changethe In November, theLegislature’s Executive Board FallsSioux would ultimately require voter approval, the time legislators, andanewplanto raise them increase inthesalariesof Nearly two have decades passedsince thelast household income to tielegislator pay to Dakota eyesSouth plan Last year, to medianhouseholdincome. bama andMassachusetts, tielegislator salaries lative Research Council, two otherstates, Ala $6,000. According to Dakota theSouth Legis a year; alegislator’s current is yearly salary income. That likely would equal about $10,000 pay oflegislators judges. to that oftrialcourt and pay isconstitutionally setat $1,000amonth, exceptions include monly setby legislatures themselves. other But In theMidwest, thesesalariesare mostcom dependent, citizen-run board to setlegislative pay. referred constitutional amendment) created an in NONPROFIT Indiana ORGANIZATION Minnesota U.S. POSTAGE PAID Argus Leader , where formula tiesthe astatutory CAROL STREAM, IL

PERMIT NO. 1859 Nebraska voters (viaalegislatively

Stateline reports. South Dakota South , where legislative ’s part-

Midwest CLIPS - - - - December 2017 - The Council of State Governments Indiana Illinois’ non-publicschools. mannerbasedonenrollmentportionate in basis in a geographically profirst-served Tax credits willbeawarded onafirst-come, takes intaxyear effect 2018. cent ofhisorhercontribution. The program taxpayer willreceive acredit equalto 75per year underInvestery inKids;anindividual Up to $75millionincredits beissuedev can in thestate. come students to attend anon-publicschool nancial assistance for lower- andmiddle-in These organizations, inturn,willprovide fi made to Granting Scholarship Organizations. will provide a taxcredit for contributions school finance bill(SB1947),theprogram ofalargerEstablished thisyear aspart Invest inKidsprogram. to inthestate’s participate newlycreated from individualsandbusinessesthat want Illinois attend private schools credits to helpstudents Illinois providing tax Midwestern Office Kansas. $12.5 millioninIndiana,and$10 in credits are available year every inIowa, nonprofit group EdChoice. Up to $12 million credit programs inplace, according to the U.S. states that already have similartax- 701 E. 22nd Street, Suite 110 willsoonbeaccepting applications ,

Lombard, IL 60148-5095 Iowa Phone: 630.925.1922 Fax: 630.925.1930 and

Email: [email protected] Kansas csgmidwest.org are amongthe CHANGE SERVICE REQUESTED - - - - - Bakken oilfieldsand due to in production activity ofariseinthis because Lakes basin,inpart received more publicattention across theGreat resources (viapipeline, rail truck, orbarge) has In recent years, ofenergy thesafe transport operations duringadverse weather conditions. es ofanoilspill, includingashutdown ofLine5 take various measures• to minimize thechanc tunnel below theStraits ofMackinac; and Line 5 withapipeline that would be built in a • ofreplacing study thefeasibility the645-mile runs beneath theSt. Clair River; • ofLine5that install anewpipeinportion day.every Undertheagreement, Enbridge must: barrels oflight crude oilandnatural gasliquids are known as “Line 5” up to 540,000 and carry regarding of these pipelines, the safety which been frustrated about a of forthrightness”“lack According to the asusualby“business Enbridge isnotacceptable.” In announcing the deal, Gov. Snyder Rick said the state of new agreement inlate November between lakesconnect andHuron) Michigan ledto a located undertheStraits ofMackinac (which Concerns pipelines 64-year-old abouttwin, new deal, safeguards Great Lakes leadto Fears ofoilspillin Michigan Detroit Free Press Alberta andEnbridge. ’s oilsands. North Dakota North , thestate has ’s ’s - of Agriculture, Trade andConsumer Protection of thenewlaw,part thestate’sAs Department state House andAssembly. after it received in the unanimous support Gov. Scott Walker signedSB119inNovember for thestate’snomic opportunities farmers. trial hempwiththehopeofopeningneweco long prohibition onthecultivation ofindus Wisconsin OK to industrial hemp Midwest state to give Wisconsin islatest in 2016andmore than3,000acres in2017. pilot program; 70 acres ofhempwere planted That state isnow entering itsthird year ofa and was thefirstofitskind inthecountry. North tablish pilotprograms and/orlicensing rules. Midwest) thenbeganpassingmeasures to es Michigan State legislatures (including cultivate industrialhempfor research purposes. research tosecondary institutionstheauthority ofagriculturestate andpost- departments In the2014farmbill, theU.S. Congress gave ers andsettingfees. 90 days to develop asystem for licensing grow are allowed.) Lawmakers gave thestate agency (Under current federal law, onlypilotprograms cultivation andmarketing ofindustrialhemp. will create apilotprogram to studythegrowth,

Dakota , legislators have endedadecades- Minnesota ’s statute dates backto 2007 and Illinois Nebraska , Indiana in the - - - - ,