NEEDED TRUTH A Magazine for the teaching of the Word of God (First published 1888) VOLUME 107 January to December 2000 If you abide in My word, you are My disciples indeed. And you shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free. (Jn 8:31,32 NKJV) HAYES PRESS 8 Essex Road, LEICESTER LE4 9EE 2000-1 EDITORIAL Editors send Christian greetings to readers old and new on the five continents of the world. The letters received, expressing appreciation of articles and requesting continued reception of the magazine are an encouragement to editors. In the will of God it is planned that the main series of articles for the year 2000 should be Twentieth Century Review. The introductory article which appears this month deals with some of the many changes which have taken place this century. Reference is made to changes which have a bearing on God's purposes as revealed in Scripture. Major changes were brought about as a result of two world wars. Following World War II, a Jewish home was established in Palestine. As the century progressed, the rate of change accelerated through advances in technology and the rapid expansion of knowledge in many fields. Future articles will feature impressions of the high profile Scripture has commanded in this century, despite attempts to discredit it by unbelieving theological scholarship. The gospel's continuing relevance to all mankind's spiritual need will be emphasized. The Word of God will be brought to bear on some of the major religious movements of the century. 'It is written'...How? A look at the way the Bible makes its points This is the title of a second series of articles the objective of which is to increase readers' interest in studying the Word of God. The writer aims to achieve this by illustrating the effectiveness of the communication tools used by the Spirit of God. It is intended that readers will see how the challenges of Scripture are made even more forceful by the style in which they are recorded. Hopefully, readers will become even more convinced of divine authorship as a result of a fuller appreciation of the Spirit's work in conveying the message in such effective ways as are discussed in the monthly topics. A third series of articles The New Millennium contrasts the uncertainty which clouds the outlook of many with the certainties of the Christian revelation. FOCUS The centrespread will continue to FOCUS the Word of God on current world issues, offering a Christian perspective. Resignation of R.A. Parker After nearly seventeen years of dedicated service as an editor of Needed Truth. Reg Parker of Stoke-on-Trent retired at the end of December 1999 because of declining health. Reg's administrative skills have been of great value in secretarial and programming activities which promoted prompt fulfilment of assignments by writers and editors. His accurate proof-reading was complemented by a detailed knowledge of Scripture and spiritual understanding of its principles. Editors thankfully acknowledge their appreciation of the labour our brother has so willingly expended and the resulting benefits; this appreciation will doubtless be shared by many among our readership. David Hyland 2000-3 TWENTIETH CENTURY REVIEW A Century of Drastic Change By P.L. Hickling, Cromer, England In retrospect: stability and optimism In the 19th century the gospel of human progress had come to be accepted throughout the civilized world. Following the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species in 1859 a biological model came to replace a mechanical model as the basic pattern of social development. Evolutionism implied that society was progressing inevitably in an organic way towards a better and more advanced state. Alongside this, 'liberal' theologians were casting doubt on the origin of the Scriptures, representing them as a record of man's search for God, which included some ideas such as Christ's return, which later Christians discarded. Thus people found no difficulty in reconciling a Christian profession with a belief in human progress; they thought that the kingdom of God on earth would come through the efforts of men of goodwill. Collapse The 20th century began, in Britain, with the brief Edwardian summer, which in retrospect appears to be a golden age, but it was not to last. The winter of war came suddenly, and the first half of the century saw the obliteration of the old order. The Lord Jesus had prophesied that 'wars and rumours of wars' characterize human history until His return. (1) Cynics might say that there have always been wars, and this is true, but until World War I there had been nothing which fundamentally overturned the very foundations of society. It involved four years of unprecedented carnage, taking directly some 8,500,000 lives and wounding another 21.000,000. The demographic damage done by the shortage of young, virile men over the next 20 years was incalculable. Faith and hope themselves fell to doubt and cynicism. Encyclopaedia Britannica comments: 'In World War I, Europe lost its unity as a culture and polity, its sense of common destiny and inexorable progress. It lost much of its automatic reverence for the old values of country, church, family, duty, honour, discipline, glory, and tradition... The damage wrought by war would live on through the erosion of faith in 19th-century liberalism, international law, and Judeo-Christian values'.(2) The period between the wars gave little respite. Some prospered in the twenties, as the 'gay young things' put a brittle gloss on their pleasure-loving lives, but the Depression was just ahead, and beyond that, in twenty short years from the last, another and longer World War. Since the mid thirties Hitler, with his delusive yet compelling oratory, had been embossing his evil sense of superiority on the German people, and they had acquiesced in his acquisition of power. Having annexed Austria, Czechoslovakia and the Sudetenland, he finally turned on Poland, which brought 2000-4 Britain and France into the war. Eventually, at the cost almost of the exhaustion of Britain, he was overcome. In this even more widespread turmoil still more of the old certainties were broken down. Little deference came to be shown to any kind of authority, whether human, moral or spiritual. Subsequently Paul's words to Timothy have been seen as particularly apposite: "For men will be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, unloving, unforgiving, slanderers, without self-control, brutal, despisers of good, traitors, headstrong, haughty, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God, having a form of godliness but denying its power'.(3) God's purposes in Israel By the end of the nineteenth century there were substantial Jewish populations in eastern Europe and Russia, but in the last decades of the century virulent anti- Semitism arose again. The tendency of Jews of the Haskala (enlightenment) movement, had been to seek assimilation by adapting to European life and thought, but this seemed to be impossible, and so thoughts turned to the re-establishment of a Jewish nation in Israel. This was in spite of the fact that a conference of Reformed rabbis in America promulgated the Pittsburgh Platform in 1885, declaring that the Jews should no longer look forward to a national return to Israel. The first Zionist Congress was called in 1897, seeking 'to create for the Jewish people a home in Palestine', and in 1917 Great Britain made the Balfour Declaration, promising support for a Jewish homeland, and this was included in Britain's League of Nations mandate of 1922 over Palestine. Following this, the Jewish population built up in Palestine, but until the rise of Nazism immigration was comparatively slow. World War II produced one of the blackest episodes in the history of mankind. After Hitler attained power in Germany in the mid thirties, he inaugurated systematic persecution of the Jews, and by the time World War II broke out in 1939, Jews were no longer citizens, and could not use any public facilities. As the victories of the German armies in the early years of World War II spread, so Jews in the conquered countries were deprived of human rights. Within the area under Nazi rule Jews' property was confiscated, and most of them were herded into ghettos and concentration camps, whence many went to death in the extermination camps. The total number of Jews murdered by the Nazis was approximately 5,700,000, about 12% of the estimated 46,000,000 people killed world-wide in World War II. After the war many European Jews sought refuge in Palestine, and the state of Israel was created in 1948. Thus 50 years after the first Zionist congress and 30 years after the Balfour declaration Zionism achieved its aim of establishing a Jewish state in Palestine. This was a remarkable fulfilment of Scriptural prophecy; 'I will bring them again into the land that I gave unto their fathers' (see Jer.16:14-17). 'I will say... bring my sons from far, and my daughters from the end of the earth' (4) A hundred years ago this would have seemed politically impossible; Palestine 2000-5 was ruled by the Ottoman government, which rejected Jewish requests, and in any case assimilation in Europe, on the American model, seemed more likely. Paradoxically, the very evils to which the Jews were subjected drove them towards Palestine, and so the purpose of God was fulfilled in spite of men's actions. Of course, in most cases this return is not religiously motivated. The Encyclopaedia Britannica says: 'Zionism has come to occupy roughly the same place in Jewish life as the "social gospel" - according to which the Kingdom of God is to be achieved in economic and social life - for Christians; the involvement in Israel as the new centre of Jewish energies, creativity, and renewal serves as the secular religion of many Diaspora Jews'.