Brazil-Norway Round-Table on Oceans

Fisheries and

Eric Arthur Bastos Routledge Research and Development Deputy Embrapa Fisheries and Aquaculture - Brazil

Dec 14, 2017 Summary

• Brazilian aquaculture overview; • Growth and diversification potential; • Challenges; • Policies, government and industry; • Opportunities; • BRA-NOR: cooperation history and potential. Production - MT in Brazil overviewAquaculture 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 0 69,6% GROWTH 69,6% 2008 2010

2012

2014 Source: Source: FAO, 2016 FAO, Total Marine Inland

Aquaculture overview in Brazil

Inland aquaculture Main Mariculture Main species • Tilapia (42%) (O. niloticus) • White legged ≠’s strains (Thai/Chitralada/ Gift) (14%) 18% (L.vannamei) • (29%) (C. macropomum) • Pacific oyster • Tambacu and tambatinga (C. gigas) + (9%) (hybrids) Brown mussel 82% (P.perna) (4%) • Carps (4%) (≠’s spp.) • Spotted catfish (4%) (Psedoplatystoma spp.) Only exotics spp!!! • Others(12%)

Source: IBGE, 2014 Most native spp!!! Main aquaculture species in Brazil

1st Tambaqui 2nd Tambacu and Tambatinga (hybrids)

3rd Surubim (and hybrids) 4th

th 5th Matrinxã 6th Pirapitinga 7 Piau – Brycon spp

Source: IBGE, 2013; Pictures from internet Main aquaculture species in Brazil

Dourado ( brasiliensis) 38 Peacock bass (Cichla ocellaris) 64 28 species and 8 hybrids Piabanha (Other Brycon sp.) 255 Lambari (Astyanax spp.) 271 (≈5 exotics vs 23 natives) Traíra (Hoplias malabaricus) 1184 Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 1704 Curimatã (Prochilodus lineatus) 2403 Other species 2757 High diversification!!! Piau and others (Leporinus spp.) 4434 Pirapitinga ( brachypomus) 4599 Matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) 10718 Mainly freshwater Pirarucu ( gigas) 11763 Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) 14553 fishes Spotted catfish hybrids (Pseudoplatystoma spp.) 20437 Carps (Cyprinus carpio) 20886 Oysters, scallops and mussels (Crassostrea sp., Nodipecten… 22092 Tambacu, Tambatinga (Colossoma hybrids) 40267 White legged shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) 65018 Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) 139209 Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) 198664 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 Source: IBGE, 2015 Growth and diversification potential

• 8000 Km of marine coast - 4.3 million km² of Economical Exclusive Zone • Estuarine areas (2.5 million hectares) • 12% of total world fresh water • 219 hydroelectric reservoirs with 3.14 million hectares of water

Source: MPA Growth and diversification potential production systems

Source: Eric Routledge

Source: Internet Growth and diversification potential production systems

Source: Internet and personal files Growth and diversification potential production systems

Source: Internet and personal files Challenges Technology, expertise and R&D institutions

• Number of formal graduate courses increased • Most courses concentrated in southern / northeast states • Few institutions in northern and midwestern regions, MSc. 11 where aquaculture growth DSc. 7 has taken place in recent Total: 18 years • Mutual interest for BRA- NOR R&D exchange and Source: CAPES (2016) capacity building Elaborated: Weber (2016) Challenges Climate change facts in Brazilian aquaculture Longer dry season at main reservoirs

2004 till 2011: RN Shrimp farms flooded 5 times

Tilapia cage farms in SP, MG and CE Red tides in SC 2014/15/16 Source: Internet 2008/16 Policies, government and industry • Concerns and restrictions: • Complex legislation • Environmental agencies exercise pressures that inhibit/restrict production • Lack of long-term policies have restricted investments • Technology required to develop new species and improve farming operations – takes time, can business wait? • NOR expertise in aquaculture planning and policies

Source: MPA Policies, government and industry • BRA Production systems can benefit from NOR experience?

• BRA re-think production systems - face production risk • NOR: RAS - Recirculation Aquaculture Systems/ automation/equipments • IMTA: Multitrophic culture (integration of seaweed, bivalves and fish) • Disease control and biosecurity to support sustainability? – NOR knowhow and experience

Source: Internet Brazilian-Norwegian cooperation

• 2009: Aquanor (Trondheim, Norway) – MPA mission;

• 2010: Aquapesca (Itajaí, Brazil) – MoU Embrapa and Nofima;

• 2011: WAS Conference (Natal-RN, Brazil) - Aquanor (Trondheim, Norway): Embrapa/Nofima joint research proposal for Tambaqui;

• 2014: Nofima submitted “Tambaqui Case” proposal to LATINAMERIKA call – Norwegian Research Council – not approved;

• 2016: EAS Conference (Edinburgh-UK) – Nofima restarted talks with Embrapa;

• 2017: Talks with SINTEF and Nofima: invitation participate in a research consortium to apply Horizon 2020 Blue Growth call 2018- 2019. Brazilian-Norwegian potential for cooperation

• Huge aquatic biodiversity still to be investigated to develop aquaculture potential in BRAzil • Tilapia and shrimp in BRAzil is enabling aquaculture diversification and attracting new investors • Marine fish farming is almost inexistent: All BRAzilian coast available for industry development - NOR industry interest?, No?, Why? • NOR Aqua feed industry can benefit from BRAzilian crops and other feedstuffs and ingredients Brazilian-Norwegian potential for cooperation

• NORwegian aquaculture technology can be apllied to Brazil main aquaculture industry – tilapia; • Tilapia and tambaqui BRAzilian farmers may be potential NORwegian partners in aquaculture diversification to develop brazilian marine fishfarming; • Encourage investment and technology transfer for aquaculture development, great opportunities for NORwegian industry suppliers; • Innovation Norway, NRC and FINEP call for R&D projects in aquaculture (including mobility): set as a priority

Thank you! [email protected]