242 Bothalia 25,2 (1995) tility or sterility and, for example, the presence or absence phytes. My thanks also to Dr C. Séigio, Lisbon, for send­ of the fungus. Phoma lunulariicola Ramsay, often asso­ ing me material with mature archegoniophores from Por­ ciated with it (Benson-Evans & Hughes 1954). Unusual tugal and for reviewing this note; to Mrs A. Romanowski weather conditions were shown by Goodman (1956) to for taking some of the photographs and for printing all of have no obvious correlation with the initiation of recep­ them, also to Mrs J. Mulvenna for typing the manuscript. tacles. On the other hand, Benson-Evans & Hughes (1954) found that there was an obvious correlation between the REFERENCES regular production of sexual organs and a Mediterranean type of climate. They also conclude that there is a pre­ ARNELL, S.W. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa. Swedish Natural Sci­ ceding low temperature requirement in Lunularia and that ence Council, Stockholm. this is comparable to vernalization in higher plants. Camp­ BENSON-EVANS. K. & HUGHES. J.G. 1954. The physiology of sexual bell (1965) refers to the work by Nachmony-Bascomb & reproduction in Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dumort. Transactions of Schwabe (1963) who demonstrated a response to photo­ the British Brxological Society 2:513-521. period in Israeli plants. However, any interpretation of the CAMPBELL, E.O 1965. Lunularia in New Zealand. Tuatara 113: 31 —42. CHALAUD, G. 1932. Germination des spores et phase protonémique. behaviour of the New Zealand plants in the light of these Manual of Bryology: 89-108. findings was complicated by the fact that winter tempera­ GOODMAN. G.T. 1956. Sexual Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dumort. in South tures in New Zealand are much lower than those in Israel. Wales. Transactions of the British Brxological Society 3: 98-102. Sérgio & Viana (1973) suggest ‘that the availability of GROENLAND, J. 1854. Mémoire sur la germination de quelques Hépa- water is the limiting factor in the development of the tiques. Annales des sciences naturelles, Sér. 4: 5-29. sporophytes as it was shown by the geographic distribu­ NACHMONY-BASCOMB, S. & SCHWABE, W.W. 1963. Growth and tion of the fruiting plants'; and they continue: ‘this distri­ dormancy in Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dumort. 1. Journal of Ex­ perimental Botany 14: 153-171. bution is correlated with a humid Mediterranean type of NEHIRA, K. 1983. Spore germination, protonema development and climate'. sporeling development. New Manual of Bryology 1: 343-385. PEROLD, S.M. 1993. Studies in the Marchantiales (Hepaticae) from As far as the southern African plants are concerned, it southern Africa. 1. The genus Dumortiera and D. hirsuta; the is possible that the formation of gametangiophores was genus Lunularia and L. cruciata. Bothalia 23: 49-57. initiated by the unusually severe winter we experienced SAXTON, W.T. 1931. The life history of Lunularia cruciata (L.) Du­ mort., with special reference to the archegoniophore and sporo- in 1994. Although the plants were somewhat protected in phyte. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 19: Mrs Strauss' shade-net enclosure, it was unheated and 259-268. they may have become ‘vernalized’. Synchronous matu­ SÉRGIO, C. & VIANA, M.J. 1973. Sur la fertilité de Lunularia cruciata ration of spermatozoids and eggs and their close proximity (L.) Dum. au Portugal. Revista da Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa 17: 703-720. must have led to fertilization and the subsequent produc­ SCHUSTER, R.M. 1992. The hepaticae and anthocerotae of North tion of sporophytes several months later. America 6 : 1-937.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS S.M. PEROLD*

I sincerely wish to thank Mrs Susan Strauss of Pretoria ♦National Botanical Institute. Private Bag X101, Pretoria (XX) 1. for bringing me plants of Lunularia cruciata with sporo­ MS. received: 1995-01-17.

ERICACEAE

A NEW SPECIES OF ERICA PROM THE WESTERN CAPE

Erica karooica E.G. FI. Oliv., sp. nov. 6-04-1994, Oliver 10447 (STE, holo.; BM, BOL, E, K. MEL, MO, P. PRE. S. W. iso.). Rami puberuli. Folia 3-nata, erecta, 2-3 mm longa, lineari-oblonga, glabra, ciliolata; petiolo ± 0.5 mm longo, appresso. Flores 3-6-nati terminales; pedicello ± 1 mm Erect dense shrub to 1.25 m tall, single-stemmed. longo, dense puberulo; bractea mediana, bracteolis subap- Branches wiry flexuose, very shortly puberulous with tx:- proximatis. Calyx 4-lobatus. base puberula. breviter ciliatus casional glands intermixed, no infrafoliar ridges, bark grey et glandibus sessilibus rubris, viridis. Corolla 4-lobata. 1.3 x flaking irregularly when old. Leaves 3-nate, erect, imbri­ 1.0 mm, glabra, straminea, brunnescens, obconica. Stamina cate, 2-3 mm long, linear-oblong, subacute to obtuse, rounded in transverse section, sulcate, very shortly cilio- 8, libera, subexserta; antheris ovatis muticis; polline in tetradis. Ovarium 4-loculare. 0.5 x 0.5 mm. obovoideum. late and with a few sessile glands when young, otherwise glabrum, emarginatum; nectariis absentibus; placenta in glabrous; petiole ± 0.5 mm long, appressed. shortly ciliate. Flowers 3-6 at ends of main branches and short lateral dimidio superiore; ovulis 8 in quoque loculo pendentibus; stylo exserto; stigmate latissime cyathiformi. Figura 7. branchlets, erect; pedicel ± 1 mm long, densely puberu­ lous, reddish; bract median, appressed, ± 0.7 mm long, oblong, terminally sulcate, glabrous, minutely ciliate, pale TYPE.—Western Cape 3321 (Ladismith): Ladismith green; bracteoles subapproximate, like the bract but Dist., southern foothills of Great Swartberg on Vaart- slightly smaller. Calyx 4-lobed. ± 0.8 mm long, green, wel/Bergplaas farms, wabwmveld on steep, dry. stony, lobes erect, /3- /3 length of calyx, ovate to deltoid, sub­ south slopes northeast of lower Bergplaas, 808 m. (-BC), acute to obluse, apically sulcate. puberulous al base. Bothalia 25,2(1995) 243

In g e O liv e r

FIGURE 7.— Erica karooica E.G.H. Oliv.: A, flowering branch; B, branchlet & leaf; C, flower; D, anther, side, front & back views; E, gynoecium; E \ ovary, opened laterally; F, fruiting gynoecium; G, seed. Drawn from Taylor 10362 (STE).

shortly ciliate with hairs and a few sessile red glands. the wind when disturbed. The flowers are very similar at Corolla 4-lobed, 1.3 x 1.0 mm, obconical, glabrous, dull first glance to those in the minor genera of the Ericoideae translucent cream soon turning brown, lobes erect to like Sakvds Salisb. and Coccosperma Klotzsch. and therefore slightly incurved, V3 length of corolla, subacute, some­ would probably not attract much attention among collectors. times sparsely crenulate. Stamens 8, free, erect; filaments The flowers are unusual in that the corolla is a very translucent linear 0.7 mm long; anthers subexserted, muticous, thecae white with the red immature anthers clearly visible inside. Soon ovate in outline, glabrous, golden brown, pore Vi length after the stigma appears beyond the corolla mouth, the corolla of theca; pollen in tetrads. Ovary 4-locular, 0.5 x 0.5 mm, looses its colour, dries out and turns brown before the anthers obovoid, 8-lobed, glabrous, emarginate, with no nectary have appeared and shed their pollen. I have not noticed this glands at base, ovules ± 8 per locule, pendent, placenta feature in any other species. confined to upper half; style exserted, ± 1.1 mm long, red; stigma very broadly cyathiform, red. Capsule 1.2 x 1.0 mm, narrowly cyathiform, septa split for Va their The possession of an elaiosome on the seeds is a char­ length, upper part of septa 50% on axis and 50% on valve; acter that has never before been recorded in the Eri­ seeds 0.5 x 0.2 mm, slightly flattened ellipsoid, smooth coideae. This is, however, not the only species that I have and shiny, yellow to brown, with a distinct short paler recently found, in the closer examination of Erica spp., elaiosome. Figure 7. to possess such an appendage. The biological implications of this character need some detailed field investigations. This new species is most closely related to the widespread eastern Cape species, E. caespitosa Hilliard [= Philippia tris- The species is fairly widespread in the southern region tis Bolus], but may be distinguished by its single-stemmed of South Africa (Figure 8) with most of the collections reseeding habit, densely hairy pedicel with a hairy base to coming from the mountains in and around the Little the calyx, always two free bracteoles, open broadly obconic Karoo, hence the name. Within this distribution range the corolla with the anthers clearly visible being half exserted species occurs in a wide variety of habitats from low to and a very broadly cyathiform stigma. high altitude. Most, however, occur on southern slopes of mountains in mountain fynbos on quartzitic soils. In the E. caespitosa, as its name suggests, is a low, multi­ far west it occurs at low altitude. 500 m, in dry fynbos stemmed resprouter with a glabrous, or occasionally on Malmesbury shales. On the eastern end of the Great sparsely puberulous, pedicel and glabrous calyx, globose Swartberg it occurs on the summit ridges at 1 500 m. to broadly urceolate corolla with included anthers and ob­ Surprising localities are those on the coastal plain east of conic stigma. E. caespitosa occasionally possesses two Riversdale and north of Bredasdorp. bracteoles on the pedicel, but usually has none with the bract often fully recaulescent and forming part of the calyx in the philippioid condition (Oliver 1988). The nearest localities of E. caespitosa are in the Sneeuberg west of Graaff-Reinet 130 km to the north and the Boschberg above Somerset East 180 km to the northeast. E. karooica has small insignificantly coloured flowers that are developed for wind pollination (Rebelo et al. 1985). At the type locality plants gave off small puffs of pollen into Flowering period is from March to May. 244 Bothalia 25,2(1995)

FIGURE 8 .— Known distribution of Erica karooica E.G.H. Oliv.

Specimens examined 26-07-1986, Vlok 1542 (STE). 3420 (Bredasdorp): Bredasdorp Dist., hills E of Vrede on Swellendam/Bredasdorp main road. 950 m, (-AC), 2-09-1994 WESTERN & EASTERN CAPE.— 3319 (Worcester): Robertson Dist., (fruiting), Oliver 10548 (STE). 3421 (Riversdale): Platkop, SE of the town, Klaasvoogds West, Kortrug, on SW-facing slopes of Langeberg on Farm (-AB), 20-10-1987 (fruiting), Rehelo el al. 58/1 (STE). Bergendal, 500 m, (-DD), 20-10-1989 (fruiting), McDonald 1824 (BOL. K, MO. PRE. STE). 3321 (Ladismith): Ladismith Dist., Calitzdorp area, S foothills of Great Swartberg on Vaartwel/Bergplaas farms, wabmmveld on REFERENCES steep S slopes NE of the lower Bergplaas Farm. 808 m, (-BC). 6-04-1994. E.G.H. & l.M. Oliver 10447 (BM. BOL. E. K. MEL MO. P. PRE. S. STE, OLIVER, E.G.H. 1988. Studies in the Ericaceae (Ericoideae). VI. The W); Ladismith Dist., Farm Bergplaas, waboomveld on steep S slopes, 790 generic relationship between Erica and Philippia in southern m, (-BC), 9-04-1982, Taylor 10362 (BM, K, MO, PRE, STE); Ladismith Africa. Bothalia 18: 1-10. Dist., S slopes of Roodeberg, (-CB), 14-05-1950, Esterhuysen 17140 (BOL, STE); Ladismith Dist.. Rooiberg, above waterfall in Groenkloof below hut, REBELO, A.G., SIEGFRIED, W.R. & OLIVER, E.G.H. 1985. Pollina­ 1 130 m (-DA), 22-04-1977, Taylor 9642 (K. PRE, STE); Ladismith Dist.. tion syndromes of Erica species in the southwestern Cape. South Gamka Mm, S slope SW of beacon, 1 (XX) m, (-DB), 23-05-1975, Boshoff African Journal of Botany 51: 270-280. P I39 (STE); Calitzdorp area, Gamka Reserve, Boskloof, on rugged sand­ stone slope, (-DB), 23-05-1975, Esterhuysen 33843 (BOL. STE). 3322 (Oudtshoom): Oudtshoom Dist., Meiringspoort, (-BC), 25-08-1991, Schu- E.G.HOLIVER* m inn 791 (PRE, STE); Willowmore Dist., eastern Swartberg on crest of Snyberg. 1 500 m, (-BD), 11-03-1991, Vlok 2456 (STE). 3323 (Willow- more): Willowmore Dist., Zuurberg Poort, Farm Modderfontein, 824 m * Stellenbosch Herbarium, National Botanical Institute, P.O. Box 471, (-AB). 22-09-1923, Andreae 1040 (K. PRE, STE); Willowmore Dist.. Wit- Stellenbosch 7599. teberg [Witberg], peak N of World's View [Wildsview), 1 540 m. (-BA), MS. received: 1995-05-17.

ASTERACEAE

A NOTE ON URSINIA BRAC'HYLOBA

Bremer & Humphries (1993: 93), made what they BROWN, N.E. 1887. Plants new or noteworthy. The Gardeners ' Chron­ thought was a new combination in Ursinia for Sphenogxne icle 1 Ser. 3: 670. brachyloba Kunze (1847: 21). However, N.E. Brown (1887: 670) had already made this combination. The correct author KUNZE, G. 1847. Pugillus tertius plantarum. Linnaea 20: 21. citation for this name should therefore be: Ursinia brachyloba (Kunze) N.E. Br.

P.P.J. HERMAN* REFERENCES

BREMER. K. & HUMPHRIES. C. 1993. Generic monograph of the Asteraceae-Anthemideae. Bulletin of the Natural Histon, Mu­ * National Botanical Institute, Private Bag XI01, Pretoria 0001. seum London (Botany) 23: 93. MS. received: 1995-03-14.

A NEW’ COMBINATION IN COTULA

Bremer & Humphries (1993) sank the South African (1865), Hutchinson (1917) and Hilliard (1977). It is there­ species of the genus Matricaria under Cotula. They did fore necessary to make the new combination. not consider the varieties of M. nigellifolia; they merely came to the conclusion that this taxon belongs under Co­ tula (pers. comm.). PRE upholds the varieties under M. Cotula nigellifolia (l)C.) Bremer & Humphries var. nigellifolia as described by De Candolle (1827). Harvey tenuior (DC.) P.P.J. Herman comb. nov.