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Fhwa/Tx-12/0-6729-1 Synthesis on Cost-Effectiveness Of Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. FHWA/TX-12/0-6729-1 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date SYNTHESIS ON COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF EXTRADOSED BRIDGES: October 2012 TECHNICAL REPORT Published: March 2016 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Jiong Hu, Yoo Jae Kim, and Soon-Jae Lee Report 0-6729-1 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Texas State University–San Marcos The Texas State University System 11. Contract or Grant No. San Marcos, Texas 78666-4684 Project 0-6729 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Texas Department of Transportation Technical Report: Research and Technology Implementation Office September 2011–August 2012 P.O. Box 5080 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Austin, Texas 78763-5080 15. Supplementary Notes Project performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration. Project Title: Synthesis on Cost-Effectiveness of Extradosed Bridges URL: http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-6729-1.pdf 16. Abstract An extradosed bridge is a unique bridge type that utilizes both prestressed girder bridge and cable-stayed bridge concepts. Since the concept of an extradosed bridge is still relatively new, there is no clear definition and specification of the type of bridge. Also, due to the unique characteristics of an extradosed bridge, it is likely to initially cost more than a conventional girder bridge but less expensive compared to a cable-stayed bridge. This synthesis study identified and collected information on 120 extradosed bridges from Asia, Europe, North America, South America and Africa through a comprehensive literature review of over 350 technical papers, reports, and websites. Cost information on 58 extradosed bridges and bridge selection reasons for 47 extradosed bridges were collected and summarized. Over 100 individuals with experience in the design and/or construction of extradosed bridges were contacted. Telephone and email interviews of eight experts in extradosed bridges (three from Asia, three from Europe, and two from North America) were conducted. A statistical analysis was conducted to summarize general configurations, bridge selections, constructions, and costs of extradosed bridges. Four case studies regarding extradosed bridge selection were also included in the report. In addition, this study summarized the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing extradosed bridges, best practices, and existing methodologies. While there is a variety of advantages and disadvantages comparing extradosed bridges to girder bridges and cable-stayed bridges, the team identified aesthetic (signature bridge and landmark structure), underneath (navigation/vehicular) clearance and higher restriction, and construction and structure considerations were identified as top reasons for selecting extradosed bridges over other alternatives. A bridge selection process specifying considerations for determining how and when an extradosed bridge is cost-effective and in the best interest of the public was also recommended. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Extradosed, Cable-Stayed, Girder, Cost-Effectiveness, No restrictions. This document is available to the public Bridge Selection through NTIS: National Technical Information Service Alexandria, Virginia 22312 http://www.ntis.gov 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 192 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized SYNTHESIS ON COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF EXTRADOSED BRIDGES: TECHNICAL REPORT by Jiong Hu, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Texas State University–San Marcos Yoo Jae Kim, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Texas State University–San Marcos and Soon-Jae Lee, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Texas State University–San Marcos Report 0-6729-1 Project 0-6729 Project Title: Synthesis on Cost-Effectiveness of Extradosed Bridges Performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration October 2012 Published: March 2016 TEXAS STATE UNIVERSITY-SAN MARCOS The Texas State University System San Marcos, Texas 78666-4684 DISCLAIMER This research was performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official view or policies of the FHWA or TxDOT. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The researcher in charge of the project was Jiong Hu. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project was conducted in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The authors express their appreciation to TxDOT personnel for their support throughout this study. Special thanks are extended to Nicholas Nemec as the project director (PD), Wade Odell as Research Engineer, Project Monitoring Committee (PMC) members Alanna Bettis, Brian Merrill, Dean Van Landuyt, Gregg Freeby, Paul Cepak, and Sandra Kaderka as contract specialist. Akio Kasuga (Sumitomo Mitsui Construction), Christopher Scollard (Buckland & Taylor Ltd.), Steven L. Stroh (URS Corporation), Jiri Strasky (Strasky, Husty and Partners, Ltd.), Deong-Hwan Park (DongMyeong Engineering Consultants Co. LTD), Sun-Joo Choi (Yooshin Engineering Corp), Viktor Markelj (PONTING d.o.o. Maribor), and Aivar-Oskar Saar (Järelpinge Inseneribüroo OÜ) for their input regarding extradosed bridges and help during data collection and interviews. The authors also thank research assistants Zhuo Wang, Ashley Kotwel, Michael Grams, and Chase David for their assistance in this study. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... ix List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ xi Chapter 1. Introduction................................................................................................................ 1 Research Background ................................................................................................................. 1 Research Objectives .................................................................................................................... 2 Research Approaches .................................................................................................................. 2 Literature Review................................................................................................................ 2 Interviews ............................................................................................................................ 2 Case Studies ........................................................................................................................ 4 Scope of Research and Organization of the Report .................................................................... 4 Chapter 2. General Aspects of Extradosed Bridges .................................................................. 7 History of Extradosed Bridges .................................................................................................... 7 Configuration and Definitions of Extradosed Bridges.............................................................. 11 Extradosed Bridge Construction ............................................................................................... 13 Extradosed Bridge Maintenance ............................................................................................... 15 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 16 Chapter 3. Review of Extradosed Bridges ................................................................................ 17 General Information of Extradosed Bridges ............................................................................. 17 Locations and Construction Time of Extradosed Bridges ........................................................ 26 Purposes and Usage of Extradosed Bridges .............................................................................. 29 Configurations of Extradosed Bridges ...................................................................................... 30 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 45 Chapter 4. Cost of Extradosed Bridges Construction ............................................................. 47 Cost Analysis through General Surveys ................................................................................... 47 Cost Comparsion through Specific Resources .................................................................. 58 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 63 Chapter 5. Bridge Selection Procedures and Considerations ................................................. 65 Commonly Used Bridge Selection Procedures and Considerations ......................................... 65 Life Cycle Cost Analysis
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