Monitoring Wadeable Stream Habitat Conditions in Southeast Coast Network Parks Protocol Narrative
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National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Monitoring Wadeable Stream Habitat Conditions in Southeast Coast Network Parks Protocol Narrative Natural Resource Report NPS/SECN/NRR—2018/1715 ON THE COVER Upstream facing picture of a large woody debris step and floodplain (in the background) on Long Island Creek (CHAT013) at Chattahoochee National Recreation Area. Photograph by Southeast Coast Network Monitoring Wadeable Stream Habitat Conditions in Southeast Coast Network Parks Protocol Narrative Natural Resource Report NPS/SECN/NRR—2018/1715 Jacob M. McDonald1,3 M. Brian Gregory1 Jeffrey W. Riley2 Eric N. Starkey1 1National Park Service Southeast Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network 135 Phoenix Road Athens, GA 30605 2U.S. Geological Survey South Atlantic Water Science Center 1770 Corporate Drive Suite 500 Norcross, GA 30093 3University of Georgia Warnell School of Forestry 135 Phoenix Rd., Rm. 110 Athens, GA 30605 September 2018 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service. The series supports the advancement of science, informed decision-making, and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series also provides a forum for presenting more lengthy results that may not be accepted by publications with page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received formal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data, and whose background and expertise put them on par technically and scientifically with the authors of the information. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available in digital format from the Southeast Coast Inventory & Monitoring Network website and the Natural Resource Publications Management website. If you have difficulty accessing information in this publication, particularly if using assistive technology, please email [email protected]. Please cite this publication as: McDonald, J. M., M. B. Gregory, J. W. Riley, and E. N. Starkey. 2018. Monitoring wadeable stream habitat conditions in Southeast Coast Network parks: Protocol narrative. Natural Resource Report NPS/SECN/NRR—2018/1715. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 910/148118, September 2018 ii Revision Log1 Revision Date Author Changes Made Reason for Change New Version # 1Table cells will be filled in as revisions are made. iii Contents Page Figures................................................................................................................................................... ix Tables .................................................................................................................................................... xi Appendices ..........................................................................................................................................xiii Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................. xv Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................................. xvii List of Terms ....................................................................................................................................... xix Background ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Protocol Development .................................................................................................................... 1 Natural History of Lotic Systems in Network Riverine Parks ....................................................... 3 Southeast Coast Network Riverine Parks ....................................................................................... 5 Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area ........................................................................ 5 Congaree National Park ............................................................................................................. 7 Horseshoe Bend National Military Park .................................................................................... 8 Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park ....................................................................... 10 Ocmulgee National Monument ............................................................................................... 12 Rationale for Monitoring Wadeable Stream Habitat .................................................................... 13 Monitoring Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 17 Sample Design ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Sample Frame ............................................................................................................................... 19 Reach Selection ............................................................................................................................ 21 Identification of potential stream segments in GIS ................................................................. 22 Consultation with park staff .................................................................................................... 22 Field suitability evaluation ...................................................................................................... 23 Basin-scale assessment in GIS ................................................................................................ 23 Final decision........................................................................................................................... 23 Sampling Schedule and Frequency .............................................................................................. 23 v Contents (continued) Page Measures Used for Analyses ........................................................................................................ 31 Upstream Basin Characteristics ............................................................................................... 31 Geomorphic Dimensions ......................................................................................................... 33 Habitat Features ....................................................................................................................... 35 Detection of Change ..................................................................................................................... 38 Procedures and Data Collection ........................................................................................................... 41 Basin- and Segment-Scale Characterization................................................................................. 41 Establishing Permanent Reaches .................................................................................................. 42 Reach Delineation ................................................................................................................... 42 Monument Installation............................................................................................................. 42 Reach Assessments ....................................................................................................................... 43 Large Woody Debris Estimate ................................................................................................ 44 Channel Geomorphic Unit Delineation ................................................................................... 45 Bed Material Characterization ................................................................................................. 45 Standard Transects........................................................................................................................ 46 Canopy Cover Characterization .............................................................................................. 46 Detailed Transect Cross-Sections ................................................................................................. 46 Longitudinal (Thalweg) Profile ..............................................................................................