Union Postale No.4 2019
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The German North Sea Ports' Absorption Into Imperial Germany, 1866–1914
From Unification to Integration: The German North Sea Ports' absorption into Imperial Germany, 1866–1914 Henning Kuhlmann Submitted for the award of Master of Philosophy in History Cardiff University 2016 Summary This thesis concentrates on the economic integration of three principal German North Sea ports – Emden, Bremen and Hamburg – into the Bismarckian nation- state. Prior to the outbreak of the First World War, Emden, Hamburg and Bremen handled a major share of the German Empire’s total overseas trade. However, at the time of the foundation of the Kaiserreich, the cities’ roles within the Empire and the new German nation-state were not yet fully defined. Initially, Hamburg and Bremen insisted upon their traditional role as independent city-states and remained outside the Empire’s customs union. Emden, meanwhile, had welcomed outright annexation by Prussia in 1866. After centuries of economic stagnation, the city had great difficulties competing with Hamburg and Bremen and was hoping for Prussian support. This thesis examines how it was possible to integrate these port cities on an economic and on an underlying level of civic mentalities and local identities. Existing studies have often overlooked the importance that Bismarck attributed to the cultural or indeed the ideological re-alignment of Hamburg and Bremen. Therefore, this study will look at the way the people of Hamburg and Bremen traditionally defined their (liberal) identity and the way this changed during the 1870s and 1880s. It will also investigate the role of the acquisition of colonies during the process of Hamburg and Bremen’s accession. In Hamburg in particular, the agreement to join the customs union had a significant impact on the merchants’ stance on colonialism. -
885-5,000 Years of Postal History, Pt 1
Sale 885 Tuesday, November 9, 2004 5,000 Years of Postal History THE DR. ROBERT LEBOW COLLECTION Part One: FOREIGN COUNTRIES AUCTION GALLERIES, INC. www.siegelauctions.com Sale 885 Tuesday, November 9, 2004 Lot 2109 Arrangement of Sale Afternoon session (Lots 2001-2181) Tuesday, November 9, at 2:30 p.m. Earliest Written Communication....pages 5 5,000 Years of Postal History Courier Mail and Early Postal Systems .. 6-14 Royal Mail and Documents...................... 15-17 The Dr. Robert LeBow Collection Pre-Stamp Postal Markings by Country.. 18-24 Stamped Mail by Country........................ 25-50 Part One: Foreign Offered without reserves Pre-sale exhibiton Monday, November 8 — 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. or by appointment (please call 212-753-6421) On-line catalogue, e-mail bid form, resources and the Siegel Encyclopedia are available on our web site: On the cover www.siegelauctions.com Mauritius (lot 2137) Dr. Robert LeBow R. ROBERT LEBOW, KNOWN TO HIS MANY FRIENDS SIMPLY AS “BOB”, Ddevoted his life to providing affordable health care to people in America and developing countries. Bob passed away on November 29, 2003, as a result of injuries sustained in July 2002 in an accident while bicycling to work at a community health center in Idaho, where he had been the medical director for more than 25 years. Bob was paralyzed as a result of the accident, and though he was not able to actively participate in philately, he still kept up by reading Linn’s and all of the stamp auction catalogues that came his way. -
Maintaining Rural Retail Networks: Best Practices Abroad and Their Implications for the US Postal Service. Report Number RISC
Cover Office of Inspector General | United States Postal Service RISC Report Maintaining Rural Retail Networks: Best Practices Abroad and their Implications for the U.S. Postal Service Report Number RISC-WP-20-003 | March 25, 2020 Table of Contents Cover Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Observations .................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Background: Rural Trends that Affect Postal Providers ........................................................... 3 Government Policies Shape the Size and Mission of Rural Postal Networks .................. 4 Government Subsidies for Postal Retail Services ........................................................................ 6 Strategies to Reduce the Cost of Rural Retail Networks ......................................................... 8 Strategies to Produce More Revenue from Rural Outlets ....................................................... 13 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................... 16 Appendices ..................................................................................................................................................... -
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Rural Post Office Branches
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF RURAL POST OFFICE BRANCHES A Final Report to the Postal Services Commission Prepared by NERA and RAND Europe June 2003 London Project Team: NERA John Dodgson Michael Spackman Leela Barham RAND Europe Andrew Daly Charlene Rohr Peter Burge 15 Stratford Place London W1C 1BE Tel: (+44) 20 7659 8500 Fax: (+44) 20 7659 8501 Web: http://www.nera.com An MMC Company ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank Postcomm, Post Office Ltd and, last but certainly not least, the many individuals who contributed to our survey of households in rural areas. All responsibility for the contents of this report and the conclusions reached rests with NERA. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Study Brief 1 1.2. Our Terms of Reference 1 1.3. The Structure of this Report 2 2. THE RURAL POST OFFICE NETWORK 5 2.1. Introduction 5 2.2. Number and Type of Rural Post Office Branches 5 2.3. Services Provided by Rural Post Office Branches 8 2.4. Use and Accessibility of Rural Post Office Branches 11 2.5. The Role and Importance of Rural Post Offices 14 2.6. Threats to Rural Post Office Branches and Responses 18 3. THE CHOICE MODELLING APPROACH TO THE VALUATION OF BENEFITS 23 3.1. Introduction 23 3.2. The Choice Modelling Approach 23 3.3. The Survey Questionnaire 24 3.4. Household Selection 26 3.5. Selection of Interview Locations 27 3.6. Conduct of the Surveys 30 4. USE OF RURAL POST OFFICE SERVICES 33 4.1. -
China's Postal Services
Studies on the Changing Postal Marketplace: Vol. 1 China’s Postal Services: Which Path Forward? Jessica Ciccone Adams and Don Soifer June 2014 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY T his report represents the first in a series examining the postal and delivery sectors of the world’s major economies. It focuses on China’s postal services, market dynamics and the extent to which the needs of household and business consumers are being met. China was selected as the first post to review due to its significant market presence and growing influence, with China Post revenue exceeding 97 billion yuan (US $15 billion), and delivering nearly 2.4 billion pieces during the first half of 2012. While China Post has realized significant growth in both postal and non-postal revenue, it has largely ignored trends that have characterized the reform strategies of other national posts. For example: • Service standards such as those published by postal operators in most industrialized countries do not exist for China Post, whose annual report instead publishes numbers of complaints received and the results of customer surveys on satisfaction and perceptions of improvement. • Regulation by an independent regulatory authority, with delineated separation between operational and regulatory responsibilities. • Draft regulations introduced in 2013 would impose new fees on private delivery operators, with no evident link to the proceeds contributing to either improvements in service quality or increased liberalization to expand consumer options. • Deregulation of the postal monopoly. Laws that create and protect postal monopolies have tended to result in decreased delivery performance and increased costs, to the detriment of the consumer. -
A History of Mail Classification and Its Underlying Policies and Purposes
A HISTORY OF MAIL CLASSIFICATION AND ITS UNDERLYING POLICIES AND PURPOSES Richard B. Kielbowicz AssociateProfessor School of Commuoications, Ds-40 University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195 (206) 543-2660 &pared For the Postal Rate Commission’s Mail ReclassificationProceeding, MC95-1. July 17. 1995 -- /- CONTENTS 1. Introduction . ._. ._.__. _. _, __. _. 1 2. Rate Classesin Colonial America and the Early Republic (1690-1840) ............................................... 5 The Colonial Mail ................................................................... 5 The First Postal Services .................................................... 5 Newspapers’ Mail Status .................................................... 7 Postal Policy Under the Articles of Confederation .............................. 8 Postal Policy and Practice in the Early Republic ................................ 9 Letters and Packets .......................................................... 10 Policy Toward Newspapers ................................................ 11 Recognizing Magazines .................................................... 12 Books in the Mail ........................................................... 17 3. Toward a Classitication Scheme(1840-1870) .................................. 19 Postal Reform Act of 1845 ........................................................ 19 Letters and the First Class, l&IO-l&?70 .............................. ............ 19 Periodicals and the Second Class ................................................ 21 Business -
The UN Works for International Peace and Security
Did You Know? 7 Since 1945, the UN has assisted in negotiating more than 170 peace settlements that have ended regional conflicts. 7 The United Nations played a role in bringing about independence in more than 80 countries that are now sovereign nations. 7 Over 500 multinational treaties – on human rights, terrorism, international crime, refugees, disarmament, commodities and the oceans – have been enacted through the efforts of the United Nations. 7 The World Food Programme, the world’s largest humanitarian agency, reaches on average 90 million hungry people in 80 countries every year. 7 An estimated 90 per cent of global conflict-related deaths since 1990 have been civilians, and 80 percent of these have been women and children. 7 If each poor person on the planet had the same energy-rich lifestyle as an average person in Germany or the United Kingdom, four planets would be needed to safely cope with the pollution. That figure rises to nine planets when compared with the average of the United States or Canada. 07-26304—DPI/1888/Rev.3—August 2008—15M Everything You Always Wanted to Know About the United Nations FOR STUDENTS AT INTERMEDIATE AND SECONDARY LEVELS United Nations Department of Public Information New York, 2010 An introduction to the United Nations i Material contained in this book is not subject to copyright. It may be freely reproduced, provided acknowledgement is given to the UNITED NATIONS. For further information please contact: Visitors Services, Department of Public Information, United Nations, New York, NY 10017 Fax 212-963-0071; E-mail: [email protected] All photos by UN Photo, unless otherwise noted Published by the United Nations Department of Public Information Printed by the United Nations Publishing Section, New York Table of contents 1 Introduction to the United Nations . -
Manual of Philatelic Judging
Revised March 26, 2010 — (23A added, & 33 Rules cleaned up) American Philatelic Society Manual of Philatelic Judging Sixth Edition C O N T E N T S Foreword to the Sixth Edition 3 1 Introduction to the Sixth Edition 5 2 Judging Criteria 6 3 Judging Criteria Explained 10 4 Using the Uniform Exhibit Evaluation Form 20 5 Title Page and Synopsis 23 Exhibit Classes and Divisions General Class: Postal Division 6 Traditional 25 7 Postal History 28 8 Aerophilately 32 9 Astrophilately 37 10 Postal Stationery 39 11 First Day Cover Exhibits in the Postal Division 42 General Class: Revenue Division 12 Traditional Revenue 45 13 Fiscal History 48 General Class: Illustrated Mail Division 14 Cacheted First Day Covers 51 15 Advertising, Patriotic and Event Cover 53 16 Maximaphily 55 17 General Class: Display Division 57 18 General Class: Cinderella Division 59 19 General Class: Thematic Division 62 1 20 Special Studies 66 21 Picture Postcard Class 67 22 One Frame Class 69 23 Youth Class 70 23A Literature Class 73 Judging 24 The Ethics of Judging 77 25 Judging Apprenticeship Program 79 26 Qualifications for Judges 84 27 Judging Procedures 85 28 Chief Judge 90 29 Judging Exhibits at Local and Regional Shows 96 30 Judging in Canada 97 31 International Judging 100 APS 32 CANEJ 103 33 Rules for WSP Shows 104 34 Glossary of Terms Used in Philatelic Exhibit Evaluation 115 * * * * * 2 Foreword to the Sixth Edition Since the publication of the APS Manual of Philatelic Judging, Fifth Edition in 2002, numerous changes have been made in the way exhibits are judged and new exhibiting classes have been recognized. -
Stamps and Air Posts of the \Vorld Prince Albert-Lac La Ronge
The AIRPOST JOURNAL ,. MAY 193J rlUllUtllllttllltllltlUllllUUllllllllllllllltllllltlltUUtlllllllllllllltllUlllllllUlltlltlllfllllllllllflltlUHUlll•UUHlitUUllllllltlUUUUlll: COZUMEL ISLAND, MEXICO On The Air Again! Cozumel has a ga in been made a sto p on FAM 5, and on very shor t notic~ too. As we all missed out on the first flig hts to this point in 1929, everyone will want co•·ers of this new fi rst flight . Here they are-- MIAMI to Cozumel, April 15, 1932 . • . • . • .25 ·CRISTOBAL to Cozumel, April 16, 1932, this will be sc:irce • . .75 RECENT FAM 5 & 6 ADDITIONS MIAMl-M<.rida FAM 5, r:::.re error cover with FAM 6 cachet, fine item .... 1.00 BELIZE-Merida, •carce .90 NUEVITAS-Miami .40 BELIZE-P. Barrios ........... •90 PORT AU SPAIN-Nuevitas . .......9CJ MANAGUA-Merida ............ •90 SAN JUAN-S.P . de Macoris ...... .25 CRISTOBAL-P. Bar rios .60 SAN JUAN-Nuevitas .. .......•..25c CRISTOBAL-Merida ........... •60 ST. THOMAS-S.P. de Macorls..... 25 MIAMI-S.P.de Macoris ....... .25 ST. THOMAS-Nuevitas . .25 Colon to Puerto Cabezas, F .A.M. 5 COLON-Puerto Cabezas, flown May t , 1930 hy Col. Lindberg h on the first flight of the Trans-Caribbean " express ser vice.. ; one of the very rare cover• of this route, and a very fine cover . • • . 7.50 Kingston to Barranquilla, F .A.M. 5 KING<;TUN-Barranquilla, May 2, 1931, another ra rity of this rou te which is almost never offered; this is the first direct flight between these points and was a sleeper on the r e-routing of the Trans-Caribbean service . • . • . 4.00 C. A. M. 1 C. -
Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
China Data Supplement March 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 31 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 38 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 54 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 58 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 65 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 69 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 March 2008 The Main National Leadership of the -
UNAIDS, Universal Postal Union, UNI Global Union and ILO Launch Global
PRESS RELEASE 09 UNAIDS, Universal Postal Union, UNI Global Union and ILO launch global HIV prevention campaign GENEVA, 7 July 2009 - The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the Universal Postal Union (UPU), the International Labour Organization (ILO) and UNI Global Union are launching a global HIV prevention campaign in post offices around the world. In an initial roll out, the campaign is being launched in some 16,000 post offices in seven pioneering countries: Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, China, Estonia, Mali and Nigeria. The campaign materials provide both visitors and employees with important information about how to prevent HIV through a series of eye-catching posters and hand-outs. The materials also give the address of a multi-language website on HIV prevention, hosted by UNAIDS, which provides detailed information about how to prevent infection. “With more than 7,400 new infections occurring every day it is clear that HIV prevention efforts need to be stepped up urgently,” said Michel Sidibé, Executive Director of UNAIDS. “The postal network has an extremely wide outreach; it is open to everyone from the young to the old and is an excellent and innovative way to raise awareness about how to prevent HIV”. Over the next three years, the campaign will be expanded globally, potentially making its way into 600,000 post offices worldwide. This would mean that millions of people who use postal services every day as well as the 5.5 million postal employees would receive important information about how to prevent HIV transmission. UPU Director General Edouard Dayan said, “With 600,000 post offices around the world, the postal network is a natural partner for this HIV-prevention awareness campaign. -
Networks of Modernity: Germany in the Age of the Telegraph, 1830–1880
OUP CORRECTED AUTOPAGE PROOFS – FINAL, 24/3/2021, SPi STUDIES IN GERMAN HISTORY Series Editors Neil Gregor (Southampton) Len Scales (Durham) Editorial Board Simon MacLean (St Andrews) Frank Rexroth (Göttingen) Ulinka Rublack (Cambridge) Joel Harrington (Vanderbilt) Yair Mintzker (Princeton) Svenja Goltermann (Zürich) Maiken Umbach (Nottingham) Paul Betts (Oxford) OUP CORRECTED AUTOPAGE PROOFS – FINAL, 24/3/2021, SPi OUP CORRECTED AUTOPAGE PROOFS – FINAL, 24/3/2021, SPi Networks of Modernity Germany in the Age of the Telegraph, 1830–1880 JEAN-MICHEL JOHNSTON 1 OUP CORRECTED AUTOPAGE PROOFS – FINAL, 24/3/2021, SPi 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Jean-Michel Johnston 2021 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in 2021 Impression: 1 Some rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, for commercial purposes, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. This is an open access publication, available online and distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial – No Derivatives 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), a copy of which is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.