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Forensic Toxicological Screening and Confirmation of 800+ Novel Psychoactive Substances by LC-QTOF-MS and 2D-LC Analysis

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Forensic Toxicological Screening and Confirmation of 800+ Novel Psychoactive Substances by LC-QTOF-MS and 2D-LC Analysis Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 8-24-2018 Forensic Toxicological Screening and Confirmation of 800+ Novel Psychoactive Substances by LC-QTOF-MS and 2D-LC Analysis Melanie N. Eckberg Florida International University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Analytical Chemistry Commons, and the Other Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Eckberg, Melanie N., "Forensic Toxicological Screening and Confirmation of 800+ Novel Psychoactive Substances by LC-QTOF-MS and 2D-LC Analysis" (2018). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3923. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3923 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida FORENSIC TOXICOLOGICAL SCREENING AND CONFIRMATION OF 800+ NOVEL PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES BY LC-QTOF-MS AND 2D-LC ANALYSIS. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in CHEMISTRY By Melanie Nicole Eckberg 2018 To: Dean Michael R. Heithaus College of Arts, Sciences, and Education This dissertation, written by Melanie Nicole Eckberg, and entitled Forensic Toxicological Screening and Confirmation of 800+ Novel Psychoactive Substances by LC-QTOF-MS and 2D-LC Analysis, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. ___________________________________________ Jose Almirall ___________________________________________ Yong Cai ___________________________________________ Georg Petroianu ___________________________________________ Stanislaw Wnuk ___________________________________________ Anthony DeCaprio, Major Professor Date of Defense: August 24, 2018 The dissertation of Melanie Nicole Eckberg is approved. ___________________________________________ Dean Michael R. Heithaus College of Arts, Sciences, and Education ___________________________________________ Andrés G. Gil Vice President for Research and Economic Development and Dean of the University Graduate School Florida International University, 2018 ii © Copyright 2018 by Melanie Nicole Eckberg All rights reserved. iii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my friends and family, especially my parents, without whom, none of this would have been possible. Thank you for all of your support, your patience, and your love. I am excited to close this chapter of my life and begin the next with all of you by my side. “For last year’s words belong to last year’s language and next year’s words await another voice. And to make an end is to make a beginning.” -T.S. Eliot iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Anthony DeCaprio for serving as my research advisor and allowing me to be a part of his research laboratory. I would like to thank Dr. José Almirall, Dr. Yong Cai, Dr. Stanislaw Wnuk, and Dr. Georg Petroianu for serving as my committee members. I am extremely grateful for your constructive criticism, words of advice, and willingness to help me become a better scientist. Thanks to Dr. Luis Arroyo for introducing me to the QTOF and helping me to learn most of what I know about that instrumentation. Special thanks to Ralph Hindle for your invaluable assistance and guidance throughout all of my work and for teaching me a lot about everything. I also wish to thank Dr. Dwight Stoll of Gustavus Adolphus College for welcoming me to his laboratory for a week in order to teach me the basics of 2D-LC and help in my preliminary data acquisition. Without your help, my 2D project would have never gotten off the ground. Words cannot express how grateful I am to my friends and family for coming with me on this journey. I could not have made it through these past five years without all of you. When I came to Miami I had no idea what I was in for. I am so lucky to have found a family here that loves and supports me and can understand what I’m going through. Vanessa (aka V$), you were the first to really welcome me into the lab and although we only shared that space for a few months, you quickly became one of the most important people in my life. Thank you for always being so real and for keeping me grounded and for letting me be a part of your family (kthxluvyoubye). Erika, I literally could not have done this without you. I am so happy to have been adopted into your life. v You’ve kept me sane (and well fed) and were always there for me to talk to. You and Mitch have truly become family and I am so excited to be Auntie Mel from now until forever (love you J!). James, what would I ever do without you? I’m so lucky to have found another brother that gets me and shares in my love of all things pop culture. Thank you for being my outlet when school got tough and I needed a break. I look forward to many more years of Disney adventures, personalized theme park plans and guides, Harry Potter madness, all the sports, geeking out over movies and TV, going to cons, and so, so much more! To W.E., thank you for helping me learn to accept my flaws and embrace them as sources of strength. You have shown me that I don’t have to be perfect to do great things and helped me to truly appreciate the value of my Found Family. Haley, you have been such a great support even as you were going through your own grad school experience. Thank you for being my link to home and to the Ramily and I can’t wait to be that support for you! Joanna. You have literally been there since Day One all the way back in our dorms at VCU. Even though we have been thousands of miles apart as you’ve undergone your own PhD adventure, your unwavering love and support has always been felt. Who knew that we would both end up on this journey and I can’t imagine the last nine years without you! D.H., look at where we are, look at where we started. You have been such a source of strength and support for so many years. I definitely could not have kept any amount of sanity without your friendship. Thank you for always being there for me and for always politely nodding and listening to my science woes. I don’t think I would have been able to grow as a person as much as I have without you and I look forward to so many more (non-science) adventures! vi To my lab family, I’m not sure how I will get through the days without you. Allen, we started this journey together and I am so lucky to have had your unwavering support throughout the last five years. Your humor, your advice, your candor, and your willingness to always help have gotten me through more days than you may realize and I will always treasure our Taco Bell visits. Ashley, you were our first “junior” student but have become much more of a partner in the lab and outside of it. Your friendship has meant so much to me and I know for sure that I definitely could not have gotten to this point without you. Jenna, to say that you have made my life interesting is a vast understatement but I wouldn’t change any of it. You’ve been a great sounding board and support for me and I am really going to miss our coffee runs. Josh, thank you so much for teaching me how to do almost everything in the lab. Even though we may not agree on our sports teams, I guess you are a pretty good friend and I know I will be learning from you for years to come. Quentin, you may not officially be part of the lab, but we might as well have given you access for all the time you spend there. Thank you for being another voice of reason amongst our group, and for making sure I was having fun and relaxing. I will never forget all of our adventures. Kat, when we first met back at Visitation, I knew I would be fortunate to have your friendship. The last 5+ years have never been dull and I am so glad that we got assigned to room together to start with. I will never forget our adventures of living in Doral together and all of our years of friendship after that. Thad, thank you for always being another sounding board for me and for being another “adult” here. I am so grateful for your help whenever I asked and for your friendship throughout. vii To my FIU family, thank you for your incredible support! I absolutely would never have been able to get through any of these years without you. Maggie, you were always there to help me navigate FIU and the Department and I am forever grateful for your help. Pupi, you have been so supportive and helpful and I am going to miss you and your chats so much. Jackie, thank you for always being another resource for me to go to, but also someone I could vent with and call a friend. To my family, thank you so much for all of your little shows of support. From the little postcards, to the letters, to the text messages sent every now and then, these little bits of love were extremely appreciated and helped pick me up when I really needed an extra boost.
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