DOCSLIB.ORG

INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Used to Photo Graph and Reproduce This Manuscript from the Microfil

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Used to Photo Graph and Reproduce This Manuscript from the Microfil INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrighted material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize m aterials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is available as one exposure on a standard 35 mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. 35 mm slides or 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A ccessing the World's Information sin ce 1938 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA Order Number 8804054 T he political base of changing strategy toward private enterprise i n Taiwan, 1945-1955 Hsu, Chen-Kuo, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1987 Copyright ©1987 by Hsu, Chen-Kuo. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 oasaetssEBiS PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this docum ent have been identified here with a checkV mark . 1. Glossy photographsor p a g e______ s 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print_______ 3. Photographs with dark background______ 4. Illustrations are poor copy_______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy_______ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of_______ page 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages\/ 8. Print exceeds margin requirements_______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in________ sp in e 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct_______ print 11. P ag e(s)____________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) 4 seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled p a g______ e s 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received_________ 16. O t h e r______________________________________________________________________ University Microfilms International THE POLITICAL BASE OF CHANGING STRATEGY TOWARD PRIVATE ENTERPRISE IN TAIWAN, 1945-1955 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Chen-kuo Hsu, B.A., M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 1987 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. David M. Lampton Dr. R. William Liddle Adviser D r . Wen-lang Li Department of Political Science © Copyright by Chen-kuo Hsu 1987 To My Parents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In tlie process of doing this dissertation reserach, I have incurred many debts. First of all, I wish to thank the members of my dissertation committee, David M. Lampton, R. William Liddle, and Li Wen-lang, for the enormous benefit of their advice and guidance. I also wish to thank Professor Bradley Rechardson for serving on the Committee for one year and offering valuable criticisms and suggestions. A special note of thanks must go to Ramon H. Myers, who had given a lot of support and encouragement while I did re­ search at the Hoover Institution. Also, he helped read many of my manuscripts and gave many valuable comments. I thank the Tunghai University where I have taught in Taiwan for granting me a total of six years of leave while I have studied abroad. I also appreciate the efforts of many students at Tunghai for helping collect data. Yin Li-ling and Chang Yu-chuang, especially, had provided sustaning help. I had left for Tunghai University to fulfill my teach­ ing responsibilities last summer and then returned to The Ohio State University this summer to complete the final defense. As a result, I had shifted my computer word pro­ cessing programs several times and had many troubles with adjustments. Ou-Yang Hsing-Yi and Ch'en Yuh-chia provided a lot of assistance in dealing with these difficulties. Hsing Yi's help was especially crucial as he enabled me to submit my final drafts on time. I wish to express my gratitude to these two friends. I owe deep debts to those sponsors who had provided fi­ nancial support for my study. These include Fulbright Scho­ larship, the ROC National Science Foundation, the Department of Political Science at The Ohio State University, The Re­ public of China Committee for Scientific and Scholarly Co­ operation with the United States, Academia Sinica, and the Asia-Pacific Educational Fund. Finally, I want to express my heartfelt thanks to my parents for their patience and unfailing support for my study and academic career. I appreciate all those people who have contributed to this dissertation. However, I alone am responsible for any shortcomings of this study. VITA January 29, 1944 ............ Born - Kiangsu, China June 1968 ................... B.A., Tunghai Univeristy, Taichung, Taiwan Major: Political Science June 1974 ................... M.A., Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan Major: Political Science AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION The Republic of China — Political Economy. Political Economy. Political Development. Political Methodology. RESEARCH EXPERIENCE September 1980 - September 1983: Taiwan, The Republic of China. Archival Research in Chinese language materials and interviewing. Conducted for purposes of dissertation re­ search. Topic: The Political Base of Changing Strategy Toward Private Enterprise in Taiwan, 1945-1955. June-December, 1984: Additional research in Hoover Institu­ tion's East Asian Collection at Stanford University, Cali­ fornia. Methods and topic name same as above. January-July, 1985: Research Assistant for Dr. R. William Liddle at The Ohio State University. Collecting research materials for the study of Indonesia. September 1985 - July 1986: Reserach Assistant for Dr. David M. Lampton at The Ohio State University. Studying Science and Technological Policies in The People's Republic of China, domestic politics in the Republic of China. TEACHING EXPERIENCE Tunghai University: 1969-1971 (Teaching Assistant) 1974-1977 (Instructor) 1980-1983 (Instructor) 1986-1987 (Instructor) Introduction to Politics Political Development Political Methodology HONORS AND AWARDS 1977-1980, Fulbright Scholarship 1983-1984, A Fellowship from The National Science Founda­ tion, The Republic of China. 1984, The Louise Loh Award, The Ohio State Univeristy. 1984, A Special Award from The Republic of China Committee for Scientific and Scholarly Cooperation with the United States, Academia Sinica. 1986, A Fellowship from Asia-Pacific Educational Fund. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. .................................. VITA ............................................. LIST OF TABLES ................................... LIST OF FIGURES .................................. CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ................................. 1 Research Question .......................... 1 The Nationalist Government-Business Relationship, 1927-1937 ................................. 3 Indigenous Political Base of Taiwan's Economic Development ............................... 10 Theoretical Framework ...................... 16 Research Scope and Method .................. 23 2. THE NATIONALIST ECONOMIC POLICY TRANSITION ON THE CHINESE MAINLAND PRIOR TO 1949 ......... .31 Introduction ................................. 31 The Syncretic Nature of Sun's Doctrine ...... 32 Toward a "Planned Economy" .................. 47 The New Concept of "Planned Free Economy" .... 53 Coping with the Economic Crisis of 1947 ..... 58 Conclusion ................................... 66 3. A FALTERING START IN TAIWAN .......... 74 Introduction ................................. 74 Private Enterprise under Japanese Rule ......... 77 The Take-Over Policy and the "Four Public Pillars" .................................... 83 Various Conflicts between the Government and Society ................................ 93 Tensions, Violence, and Reforms ................ 113 4. CREATING A NEW ECONOMIC SYSTEM AND STRENGTHENING ECONOMIC CONTROL ................................ 131 Establishing a New Politico-Economic System ... 131 Coping with Critical Issues and Strengthening Economic Control ............................. 137 The Role of Private Enterprise under Economic Control ....................................... 156 Conclusion ....................................... 169 5. THE EMERGING STATE-GUIDED, FREE ECONOMY ....... 179 Party Reform and Economic Policy Change ......... 180 Extending Land Reform and Selling Public Enterprises .................................... 184 Ideological Confrontation in the Legislature ... 196 Intellectual Reflection on "the Free Economy" .. S04 Debate on Government Economic Interference ...... 210 6. CRITICAL LEADERS AND ECONOMIC POLICY FORMATION ... 229 Chiang Kai-shek .................................. 230 Ch'en Ch'eng ..................................... 241 Yin Chung-jung and the New Economic Officials .• 262 7. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS........ 285 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • China's Claim of Sovereignty Over Spratly and Paracel Islands: a Historical and Legal Perspective Teh-Kuang Chang
    Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law Volume 23 | Issue 3 1991 China's Claim of Sovereignty over Spratly and Paracel Islands: A Historical and Legal Perspective Teh-Kuang Chang Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Teh-Kuang Chang, China's Claim of Sovereignty over Spratly and Paracel Islands: A Historical and Legal Perspective, 23 Case W. Res. J. Int'l L. 399 (1991) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil/vol23/iss3/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Journals at Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. China's Claim of Sovereignty Over Spratly and Paracel Islands: A Historical and Legal Perspective Teh-Kuang Chang* I. INTRODUCTION (Dn August 13, 1990, in Singapore, Premier Li Peng of the People's Re- public of China (the PRC) reaffirmed China's sovereignty over Xisha and Nansha Islands.1 On December. 29, 1990, in Taipei, Foreign Minis- ter Frederick Chien stated that the Nansha Islands are territory of the Republic of China.2 Both statements indicated that China's claim to sov- ereignty over the Paracel and Spratly Islands was contrary to the claims of other nations. Since China's claim of Spratly and Paracel Islands is challenged by its neighboring countries, the ownership of the islands in the South China Sea is an unsettled international dispute.3 An understanding of both * Professor of Political Science, Ball State University.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise and Fall of the Taiwan Independence Policy: Power Shift, Domestic Constraints, and Sovereignty Assertiveness (1988-2010)
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 The Rise and Fall of the Taiwan independence Policy: Power Shift, Domestic Constraints, and Sovereignty Assertiveness (1988-2010) Dalei Jie University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian Studies Commons, and the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Jie, Dalei, "The Rise and Fall of the Taiwan independence Policy: Power Shift, Domestic Constraints, and Sovereignty Assertiveness (1988-2010)" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 524. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/524 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/524 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Rise and Fall of the Taiwan independence Policy: Power Shift, Domestic Constraints, and Sovereignty Assertiveness (1988-2010) Abstract How to explain the rise and fall of the Taiwan independence policy? As the Taiwan Strait is still the only conceivable scenario where a major power war can break out and Taiwan's words and deeds can significantly affect the prospect of a cross-strait military conflict, ot answer this question is not just a scholarly inquiry. I define the aiwanT independence policy as internal political moves by the Taiwanese government to establish Taiwan as a separate and sovereign political entity on the world stage. Although two existing prevailing explanations--electoral politics and shifting identity--have some merits, they are inadequate to explain policy change over the past twenty years. Instead, I argue that there is strategic rationale for Taiwan to assert a separate sovereignty. Sovereignty assertions are attempts to substitute normative power--the international consensus on the sanctity of sovereignty--for a shortfall in military- economic-diplomatic assets.
    [Show full text]
  • Spring 2 0 1 9
    W I N E L I S T | S P R I N G 2 0 1 9. IST EDITION. MMXIX. V A J R A B E V E R A G E P R O G R A M The VAJRA BEVERAGE PROGRAM is a thoughtfully curated list of wines, spirits and libations; designed to enhance the simple flavors of Vajra’s Nepalese and Indian cuisine and heritage. The experience of visible flavors and aromas of the cuisine, when paired with the best wines and spirits and concoctions thereof, is what we aspire to impart with our guests in their every visit. A lot of thought and time has been invested in order to bring together the perfect harmony of flavors, aromas and visual appeasements. With a perfect bottle of wine or the perfect cocktail crafted with you in the mind, Vajra is a place where we all get together, to celebrate life, family and friendships. This volume is an extension of VAJRA’s affable personality and amalgamation of many forms of hospitality and culture developed through the years in hospitality business. As we encourage our guests to partake in all forms of merriment, we implore, let this volume guide you. And that you guide us with your knowledge, as we constantly learn and evolve. Our staff will make sure your every question is answered, and that you will enjoy your evening with us. No sane man can afford to dispense with debilitating pleasures; no ascetic can be considered reliably sane. ~Robert M. Parker, Jr. 2 C O N T E N T I.
    [Show full text]
  • Choosing Entry Mode to Mainland China
    東海管理評論【特刊】 民國一百年，第十二卷，第一期，71-120 Choosing Entry Mode to Mainland China Joung -Yol Lin*, Batchuluun AMRITA** Abstract The Economic Cooperation Framework Agreements (ECFA) is an agreement between the Republic of China (Taiwan) and People’s Republic of China (Mainland China), which was signed on June 29, 2010. The ECFA can have a far reaching impact on bilateral businesses relationship of the two parties, further strengthening the financial infrastructure and enhancing financial stability. Currently, thirteen Taiwanese banks meet the capital adequacy or stake acquisition requirements in the mainland China; on the contrary, five mainland Chinese banks meet the capital adequacy and operation experience requirements for opening a representative office in Taiwan. Consequently, a merger of banks and related options between the two regions are under discussion. In a review of the ECFA and other reports, Taiwanese banks will be able to progress further on the banking business in the mainland market within 2 years. However, there are still many uncertainties and questions concerning bank characteristics after ECFA; such as competitive position, market efficiency, long term returns and dimensional stability. This paper investigates theoretical and empirical studies and application of PESTEL analysis on the major factors in the macro environment of China. Specific attention is made in regards to the securities, banking and insurance aspects. The vital finding of this study is investigation of the entry mode strategy for the Chinese market with a long –term vision to foster into global competition. Finally, in order to intensify the competitive advantage, this paper explores a viable model for Taiwanese Banks to structure their products and services upon.
    [Show full text]
  • Language Loss Phenomenon in Taiwan: a Narrative Inquiry—Autobiography and Phenomenological Study
    Language Loss Phenomenon in Taiwan: A Narrative Inquiry—Autobiography and Phenomenological Study By Wan-Hua Lai A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF EDUCATION Department of Curriculum, Teaching, and Learning University of Manitoba, Faculty of Education Winnipeg Copyright © 2012 by Wan-Hua Lai ii Table of Content Table of Content…………………………………………………………………………………………………..……ii List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………………………………..……...viii List of Figures……………………………………………………………………………………………………………ix Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...xi Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………………………………..…xii Dedication………………………………………………………………………………………………………………xiv Chapter One: Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………….….1 Mandarin Research Project……………………………………………………………………………………2 Confusion about My Mother Tongue……………………………………………………….……………2 From Mandarin to Taigi………………………………………………………………………………………..3 Taiwan, a Colonial Land………………………………………………………………………………………..3 Study on the Language Loss in Taiwan………………………………………………………………….4 Archival Research………………………………………………………………………………………………….4 Chapter Two: My Discovery- A Different History of Taiwan……………………………………….6 Geography…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….7 Population……………………………………………….…………………………………………………….……9 Culture…………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………..9 Society………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………10 Education…………………………………………………………………………………………………….………11 Economy……………………………………………………………………………………….…………….………11
    [Show full text]
  • Modern Military Technology in Counterinsurgency Warfare: the Experience of the Nationalist Army During the Chinese Civil War
    Modern Military Technology in Counterinsurgency Warfare: The Experience of the Nationalist Army during the Chinese Civil War Cheng, Victor 2007 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Cheng, V. (2007). Modern Military Technology in Counterinsurgency Warfare: The Experience of the Nationalist Army during the Chinese Civil War. (Working papers in contemporary Asian studies; No. 20). Centre for East and South-East Asian Studies, Lund University. http://www.ace.lu.se/upload/Syd_och_sydostasienstudier/pdf/Cheng.pdf Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Modern Military Technology in Counterinsurgency Warfare: The Experience of the Nationalist Army during the Chinese Civil War Victor Shiu Chiang Cheng* Working Paper No 20 2007 Centre for East and South-East Asian Studies Lund University, Sweden www.ace.lu.se * Victor S.
    [Show full text]
  • The History and Politics of Taiwan's February 28
    The History and Politics of Taiwan’s February 28 Incident, 1947- 2008 by Yen-Kuang Kuo BA, National Taiwan Univeristy, Taiwan, 1991 BA, University of Victoria, 2007 MA, University of Victoria, 2009 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of History © Yen-Kuang Kuo, 2020 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This dissertation may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee The History and Politics of Taiwan’s February 28 Incident, 1947- 2008 by Yen-Kuang Kuo BA, National Taiwan Univeristy, Taiwan, 1991 BA, University of Victoria, 2007 MA, University of Victoria, 2009 Supervisory Committee Dr. Zhongping Chen, Supervisor Department of History Dr. Gregory Blue, Departmental Member Department of History Dr. John Price, Departmental Member Department of History Dr. Andrew Marton, Outside Member Department of Pacific and Asian Studies iii Abstract Taiwan’s February 28 Incident happened in 1947 as a set of popular protests against the postwar policies of the Nationalist Party, and it then sparked militant actions and political struggles of Taiwanese but ended with military suppression and political persecution by the Nanjing government. The Nationalist Party first defined the Incident as a rebellion by pro-Japanese forces and communist saboteurs. As the enemy of the Nationalist Party in China’s Civil War (1946-1949), the Chinese Communist Party initially interpreted the Incident as a Taiwanese fight for political autonomy in the party’s wartime propaganda, and then reinterpreted the event as an anti-Nationalist uprising under its own leadership.
    [Show full text]
  • Chen-Cheng Wang
    Chen-cheng Wang Curriculum Vitae Fields of Study First field: East Asian history, modern Chinese history, political history Second field: World history Academic Research Interests The characteristics of the GMD and CCP political cultures and their influences on the two parties’ political capacities Education Ph.D. candidate in History, University of California, Irvine, June 2012 M.A. in History, National Taiwan University, 2006 B.A. in History, National Taiwan University, 2002 Publications Journal article, “Intellectuals and the One-party State in the Nationalist China: The Case of the Central Politics School (1927-1947),” In Modern Asian Studies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, forthcoming, 2014. Book review, “Ho-fung Hung, Protest with Chinese Characteristics: Demonstrations, Riots, and Petitions in the Mid-Qing Dynasty,” In Bulletin of the Institute of Modern History Academia Sinica. 76 (2012): 135-142. Book, Promoting Domestic Affairs Through Military Directives: The Role of Conscription in the KMT’s Strategies for and Praxis of State Building (1928-1945)，Taipei: National Taiwan University Press, 2007.( 297 pages) Awards and Research Grants Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchang Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship, 2014 Institute of Modern History at the Academia Sinica Fellowship for Doctoral Candidates, 2014 University of California Irvine School of Humanities Summer Dissertation Fellowship, 2013 Henry Luce Foundation/ACLS Program in China Studies Pre-dissertation Grants for Research in China, 2013 University of California Irvine Teaching Assistantships (12-quarter guaranteed), 2010-13 University of California Irvine International Student Tuition Fellowship, 2009-11 University of California Regents’ Fellowship in the Humanities, 2009-10 Ministry of Education, Republic of China, National Study Abroad Scholarship, 2009-10 Chinese Development Fund Travel Research Grant, 2005 2.
    [Show full text]
  • The Generalissimo
    the generalissimo ګ The Generalissimo Chiang Kai- shek and the Struggle for Modern China Jay Taylor the belknap press of harvard university press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, En gland 2009 .is Chiang Kai- shek’s surname ګ The character Copyright © 2009 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Taylor, Jay, 1931– The generalissimo : Chiang Kai- shek and the struggle for modern China / Jay Taylor.—1st. ed. â p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978- 0- 674- 03338- 2 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Chiang, Kai- shek, 1887–1975. 2. Presidents—China— Biography. 3. Presidents—Taiwan—Biography. 4. China—History—Republic, 1912–1949. 5. Taiwan—History—1945– I. Title. II. Title: Chiang Kai- shek and the struggle for modern China. DS777.488.C5T39 2009 951.04′2092—dc22 [B]â 2008040492 To John Taylor, my son, editor, and best friend Contents List of Mapsâ ix Acknowledgmentsâ xi Note on Romanizationâ xiii Prologueâ 1 I Revolution 1. A Neo- Confucian Youthâ 7 2. The Northern Expedition and Civil Warâ 49 3. The Nanking Decadeâ 97 II War of Resistance 4. The Long War Beginsâ 141 5. Chiang and His American Alliesâ 194 6. The China Theaterâ 245 7. Yalta, Manchuria, and Postwar Strategyâ 296 III Civil War 8. Chimera of Victoryâ 339 9. The Great Failureâ 378 viii Contents IV The Island 10. Streams in the Desertâ 411 11. Managing the Protectorâ 454 12. Shifting Dynamicsâ 503 13. Nixon and the Last Yearsâ 547 Epilogueâ 589 Notesâ 597 Indexâ 699 Maps Republican China, 1928â 80–81 China, 1929â 87 Allied Retreat, First Burma Campaign, April–May 1942â 206 China, 1944â 293 Acknowledgments Extensive travel, interviews, and research in Taiwan and China over five years made this book possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Nuances of Waishengren History and Agency
    China Perspectives 2010/3 | 2010 Taiwan: The Consolidation of a Democratic and Distinct Society Understanding the Nuances of Waishengren History and Agency Dominic Meng-Hsuan et Mau-Kuei Chang Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/5310 DOI : 10.4000/chinaperspectives.5310 ISSN : 1996-4617 Éditeur Centre d'étude français sur la Chine contemporaine Édition imprimée Date de publication : 15 septembre 2010 ISSN : 2070-3449 Référence électronique Dominic Meng-Hsuan et Mau-Kuei Chang, « Understanding the Nuances of Waishengren », China Perspectives [En ligne], 2010/3 | 2010, mis en ligne le 01 septembre 2013, consulté le 28 octobre 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/5310 ; DOI : 10.4000/chinaperspectives.5310 © All rights reserved Special Feature s e v Understanding the Nuances i a t c n i e of Waishengren h p s c r History and Agency e p DOMINIC MENG-HSUAN YANG AND MAU-KUEI CHANG In the late 1940s and early 50s, the world witnessed a massive wave of political migrants out of Mainland China as a result of the Chinese civil war. Those who sought refuge in Taiwan with the KMT came to be known as the “mainlanders” or “ waishengren .” This paper will provide an overview of the research on waishengren in the past few decades, outlining various approaches and highlighting specific political and social context that gave rise to these approaches. Finally, it will propose a new research agenda based on a perspective of migration studies and historical/sociological analysis. The new approach argues for the importance of both history and agency in the study of waishengren in Taiwan.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chinese Boycott: a Social Movement in Singapore and Malaya in the Early Twentieth Century*
    Southeast Asian Studies, Vo1.36, No.2, September 1998 The Chinese Boycott: A Social Movement in Singapore and Malaya in the Early Twentieth Century* WONG Sin Kiong ** Abstract This paper discusses the causes, developments, characteristics, and significance of the 1905 anti-American boycott movement in Singapore and Malaya. The author argues that the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya in the first decade of the twentieth century should not be simplistically classified into two camps, the supporters of the Reformists and those of the Revolutionaries, as conventional wisdom has suggested. In 1905, Chinese with different political ideologies all worked together to boycott American goods for their self interests. They were concerned about their rights of residency and work in the British colonies. They feared that should the anti­ Chinese policy prevailed in the United States, the British government would adopt a similar measure against the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya. The author also argues that the boycott movement was one of the earliest popular movements in the region because the Chinese from different social strata were all mobilized. More significantly, the 1905 boycott laid the foundation for popular support of the revolutionary movement in the subsequent years. In June 1905 two unusual public meetings were held in Singapore and Penang, respectively. On June 20, about 200 Chinese rallied at the Thong Chai Hospital on Wayang Street, located in downtown Singapore, and passed a resolution to boycott American goods [U.S. National Archives 1833-1906: June 23, 1905]. Six days later, Chinese merchants in Penang gathered in Pingzhang Huiguan, the Chinese Town Hall, in support of the boycott [ibid.: July 4, 1905].
    [Show full text]
  • American Boycott
    >-FOUR-< The Merchants and the Origins of the Anti~ American Boycott In the early rgoos, China witnessed numerous mass actions. During such tumultuous times, an event, a new policy, or a treaty could trigger a chain re­ action among the populace. One such event was the arrival in Beijing in May 1905 of the U.S. plenipotentiary William W. Rockhill for Sino-American treaty negotiations. The ensuing boycott, however, unlike earlier move­ ments, had its origins overseas. Delber L. McKee (rg86) argues unequivo­ cally and convincingly that the boycott was initiated by the Chinese overseas. The passage of harsher exclusion laws, he claims, had driven the Chinese in the United States to desperation, and the forthcoming treaty negotiations in Beijing only intensified their sense of urgency. They feared that, as in earlier cases, the Qing government would yield to U.S. pressure and sign a treaty legitimizing exclusion in international law. Having lost the protection of the American courts, the Chinese in the United States looked to their homeland for help. Chinese merchants in the United States sent wires to various de­ partments of the Qing government urging it not to sign such a treaty, while members ofBaohuang hui in San Francisco and Hawaii sent telegrams.1 McKee's argument is generally sound, but several points require clari­ fication, in particular, the exact nature of the relationship between the Chi­ nese overseas, who were carrying out anti-exclusion activities, and the Shanghai merchants, who decided to call for a boycott. At this time, the Chinese immigrants in the United States fell into several distinct groups.
    [Show full text]