MULTI-AGENCY FLOOD RESPONSE PLAN V2.1 (Public) December 2016

Authored by: Resilience Team Resources Department Room 2.12, Town Hall, Katharine Street Croydon, CR0 1NX 020 8604 7295 (internal xtn: 47295) | [email protected]

Ownership and Version Control

Document Information Version 1.0 2.0 2.1 Issue date May 2012 Dec 2016 Sep 2017 Current version Croydon Resilience Forum 25 November 2016 approved by September 2018, or as required Local Authority Part 1: LLAG Operations; depending on Minimum Next review date Supports part 2: Plans & outcomes of flooding Standards Capabilities – MSL Ref #2.15 incidents and Reference exercises. Croydon Resilience Forum Multi-Agency Flood Response Plan [Public Title Version] The procedures included in this Multi-Agency Flood Response Plan will be used in the event of a flood emergency within the London Borough of Croydon.

The Multi-Agency Flood Response Plan is prepared, maintained and Description / Purpose updated by the Resilience Team, Croydon Council. All Category 1 and 2 responders under the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 that cover the Borough of Croydon should acknowledge this plan and work under it. This plan has been compiled in consultation with all members of the Croydon Resilience Forum. Author(s) Hari Waterfield Target audience Croydon Resilience Forum & Partners Distribution list Croydon Resilience Forum Superseded London Borough of Croydon Multi-Agency Flood Plan (May 2012) documents Responsible Officer Kelly Jack Contact details 020 8726 6000 Responsible Director Steve Iles Contact details 020 8726 6000 Acknowledgements Croydon Council; London Borough of Havering Document Revision Record Version Description of amendment Reason for change Author Date 1.0 Anna Bastow May 2012 Lessons from 2014 2.0 Full Revision Hari Waterfield Dec 2016 flooding Update of web links & small 2.1 Version for internet Kelly Jack Sep 2017 updates

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Record of Exercises, Testing or Activations Proposed Exercise / What will be tested/ Type Validation Training Covered Multi-agency validation exercise (20/07/2010) Exercise Watermark

(4-11/03/2011) Croydon flooding S19 report; lessons Full plan activation N/A (February/March 2014) learned document Multi-agency Exercise Barrage Table top BRF exercise coordination to flooding Post exercise report (25/11/2016) incident

Critical Information

This plan has been developed to collate information regarding the roles and responsibilities of organisations that respond to flooding Introduction within the Croydon area to improve multi agency response and co- ordination to flooding incidents. It aims to use existing plans and systems where possible and these have been duly signposted.

 Go to page 34 for Activation Procedure and Initial Partner Response to Activation  Go to page 29 for Triggers and Actions in response to a How to use this plan quickly Flood Warning or Severe Flood Warning  Go to page 41 to see  Specific Considerations for a Flood Event  Go to page 44 for guidance on Evacuation

Every emergency is different, and it is important to be flexible to ensure the most appropriate and effective response.

Respect for the individual and their needs, and for the diversity of communities is key to ensuring the best possible care for affected people.

Principles The response to any emergency is conducted in partnership. A multi-agency approach is crucial and sharing of information between partners is essential.

The arrangements in this plan are complementary to the major incident procedures for London set out in the LESLP Major Incident Procedures Manual, the London Strategic Coordination Protocol, and the London Strategic Flood Response Framework.

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Table of Contents Ownership and Version Control ...... 2 Critical Information ...... 3 Table of Contents ...... 4 1 Introduction ...... 6 1.1 Aim and Objectives ...... 6 1.2 Related and Interdependent Plans ...... 7 1.3 Croydon Caterham Bourne Flooding 2014 and Lessons Learned ...... 8 2 Overview of Flood Risk in Croydon ...... 9 2.1 Introduction ...... 9 2.2 Topography ...... 9 2.3 Fluvial Flooding ...... 10 2.4 Surface Water Flooding ...... 10 2.4.1 Surface Water Management Plan (SWMP) ...... 10 2.5 Ground Water Flooding ...... 10 2.6 Reservoir Inundation ...... 11 2.7 Ordinary Watercourse Flooding ...... 11 2.8 Sewer Flooding ...... 11 2.9 South West London Flood Group ...... 12 3 Fluvial Flood Risk Zone Assessments ...... 13 3.1 Wandle Flood Warning Zone ...... 13 3.2 Brook Flood Warning Zone ...... 15 3.3 Chaffinch Brook Flood Warning Zone ...... 17 4 Groundwater ...... 19 4.1 Caterham Bourne Catchment ...... 19 4.2 Groundwater Alert for South East London ...... 19 5 Surface Water ...... 20 5.1 CDA Flood Risk Summary – CDA_040 Purley Cross ...... 21 5.2 CDA Flood Risk Summary – CDA_041 Brighton Road ...... 22 5.3 CDA Flood Risk Summary – CDA_043 South and Central Croydon ...... 23 6 Reservoir Inundation ...... 24 7 Plan Activation ...... 25 7.1 Planning Assumptions ...... 25 7.2 Flood Warning Codes ...... 25 7.3 Flood Guidance Statements ...... 27 7.4 Media...... 29 7.5 Triggers and Actions ...... 29 7.6 Activation Procedure ...... 34 7.7 Initial Partner Response to Activation ...... 34 8 Communications ...... 35 8.1 General Public ...... 35 8.1.1 Communicating through Faith, Ethnic, and Community Groups ...... 35 8.2 Lead Local Flood Authority (LLFA) Internal Communications ...... 35 8.3 Members ...... 35 8.4 Environment Agency (EA) Flood Warning Methods ...... 35 8.5 National Severe Weather Warning Service ...... 36

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8.6 Voluntary Sector ...... 36 8.7 Door knocking ...... 37 8.8 Media...... 37 8.9 Multi-agency Communications ...... 37 8.10 Mutual Aid ...... 38 9 Roles, Responsibilities and Coordination ...... 39 9.1 Roles and Responsibilities...... 39 9.1.1 Lead Agency throughout a Flood Event ...... 39 9.2 Tactical (Silver) Coordinating Group ...... 39 9.3 Escalation of Response ...... 39 9.3.1 Further Escalation ...... 40 10 Specific Considerations for a Flood Event ...... 41 10.1 Flooding Response Considerations ...... 41 10.2 Responsibilities for Environmental Impacts ...... 41 10.3 Health Guidance and Advice ...... 42 11 Key Infrastructure ...... 43 12 Evacuation ...... 44 12.1 Deciding Upon Evacuation ...... 44 12.2 Evacuation Actions ...... 44 12.2.1 Communications ...... 44 12.2.2 Rest Centre ...... 44 12.2.3 Evacuation Refusal ...... 44 12.2.4 Traffic Management ...... 44 13 Recovery ...... 45 14 Plan Maintenance Procedures ...... 46 14.1 Validation ...... 46 14.2 Training / Exercise ...... 46 15 Appendix A: Acronyms and Definitions ...... 47 16 Appendix B: Reservoir Inundation ...... 48 17 Appendix C: Flooding Responsibilities ...... 49 18 Appendix D: Use of Sandbags ...... 51 19 Appendix E: Silver Tactical Coordination Group Agenda ...... 52 20 Appendix F: Evacuation leaflet ...... 53 21 Appendix G: Topography of Croydon ...... 54 22 Appendix H: Key Infrastructure Map (with surface water flood risk) ...... 55 23 Appendix I: Critical Drainage Areas ...... 56 24 Appendix J: Croydon’s Overall Flood Risk ...... 57 25 Appendix K: Caterham Bourne Groundwater Flood Alert ...... 58 26 Appendix L: Flood Risk from Ground Water ...... 59

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1 Introduction The London Borough of Croydon (LBC) is potentially vulnerable to flooding from four sources:  Surface water (pluvial) flooding  Groundwater flooding  Fluvial flooding from the following sources: o The River Bourne o The River Wandle o The River Ravensbourne  Reservoir inundation from the following sources: o Norwood Lake o Russell Hill

Croydon has a history of severe flooding. Most recently, Purley and experienced significant flooding from the Caterham Bourne due to extremely high groundwater during January to March 2014, when properties and businesses were impacted and a major incident was declared. Severe surface water flooding during July 2007 flooded into properties and brought Purley town centre to a standstill. Croydon is at risk of flooding predominantly from surface water and groundwater sources and it is predicted that this will increase in the future; influenced by climate change and increasing pressures on development and housing need.

This Multi-Agency Flood Plan (MAFP) is required to address these risks by detailing the multi-agency response to a flood incident in the London Borough of Croydon. This plan aims to work alongside existing emergency plans that belong to the individual organisations, described as Category 1 and 2 responders under the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 and members of the Croydon Resilience Forum. The generic arrangements as outlined can be used in all flooding scenarios described in this plan. This plan will not include emergency contact numbers which responding organisations already maintain.

This MAFP includes a community-level assessment of flood risk, which includes risk from heavy rainfall, rivers, reservoirs and defences. It does not include in-detail flood risks from foul sewage, burst water mains and private lakes but does highlight some of the capabilities that are in place to respond to such incidents if they were to occur.

This plan covers a borough-based response; however, floods will not have regard for political and administrative boundaries. As such, this plan must be shared and liaison arrangements made with neighbouring boroughs including the London Boroughs of Bromley, Lambeth, Sutton, and Merton, and the districts of Tandridge, and Reigate and Banstead.

1.1 Aim and Objectives This MAFP aims to present an overview of flood risk in Croydon and provide a coordinated multi-agency response framework to mitigate the impact of a large-scale flood event in the London Borough of Croydon (LBC).

This will allow everyone involved in the response to flooding to know where the locations vulnerable to flooding are and possible impacts as well as who is available to respond to issues and what their roles and responsibilities are.

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It provides guidance on a strategic multi-agency response to deliver the following objectives:  To provide a holistic understanding of flood risk in the borough, including the potential impact to critical infrastructure;  To use maps to illustrate the flood risk extent in the Borough;  To describe the Flood Guidance Statements, Flood Alerts and Warnings and other relevant weather warning systems  To provide trigger points for increased monitoring and activation of this plan;  To demonstrate the communications and warning and informing capabilities to a flooding emergency in the Borough;  To outline the key roles and responsibilities of different agencies to a flood event;  To prompt consideration of flood specific issues e.g. health issues, waste removal, highways impact.

1.2 Related and Interdependent Plans There are a number of different plans and protocols relevant in preparing this plan for the London Borough of Croydon. It is vital that it is understood how these plans fit with this MAFP. Rather than duplicate any of their content within this plan, areas will be clearly signposted.

Plans and protocols that are related and interdependent to this MAFP are listed below in Table 1.

Table 1 - Related and Interdependent Plans Title Owned By Borough Emergency Control Centre (BECC) Manual Croydon Council Emergency Rest Centre Plan Croydon Council Individual agencies business continuity plans Individual agencies Individual agencies major emergency plans Individual agencies JESIP Joint Doctrine JESIP LESLP Major Incident Procedure Manual LESLP Panel LLAG & LLACC handbooks LFEPA Local Flood Risk Management Strategy Croydon Council Local Flood Warning Plan for London (2013) Environment Agency London Recovery Management Protocol LRG London Strategic Coordination Protocol LRG London Strategic Flood Framework LRG Met Office Severe Weather Warning Met Office Multi-Agency Identification of Vulnerable Persons Plan CRF National Flood Emergency Framework Cabinet Office Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment Croydon Council Purley Community Emergency Flood Plan Purley Communities Surface Water Management Plan Croydon Council

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1.3 Croydon Caterham Bourne Flooding 2014 and Lessons Learned1 December 2013 to January 2014 was the wettest two-month period on record in the South London area. The prolonged heavy rainfall caused groundwater to rise to exceptionally high levels which led to significant flooding in the London Borough of Croydon in the areas of Kenley and Purley around the route of the Caterham Bourne. Groundwater levels in Woldingham were recorded to increase by over 22 metres between late December and late January. However, the complex nature of an urbanised catchment meant there were also combined influences from surface water, sewers and artificial infrastructure which may have been blocked, damaged or failed to function correctly.

There was a significant multi-agency response following declaration of an emergency on 6th February 2014. Croydon Council (CC) set up a Borough Emergency Control Centre (BECC) which monitored the situation 24 hours a day for 20 days. Gold command was established by CC to determine a framework with emergency services dealing with the incident and Gold meetings were held daily. Representatives from all Risk Management Authorities (RMAs) and emergency responders attended the Gold and Silver meetings.

Overall, given the scale of the event and number of agencies involved, it is felt by Croydon Council that the response worked well in protecting the communities in Croydon under very challenging circumstances. The number of flooded properties was low considering the size of the flood and this is thought to be due to early mobilisation of pumps and multi-agency working. Effective new relationships were formed between agencies and a multiagency solution cell is continuing to address how the risks can be managed in the future at a regional scale.

Opportunities for improvement have been discussed by partner agencies with a focus around improving channels of communication between organisations and clarifying or formalising decision-making structures in these types of events. Information sharing and improved awareness with non-emergency partners about established London Emergency Services Liaison Panel (LESLP) procedures were highlighted as an area to improve. In the future, it is agreed that improved understanding of groundwater change and trigger levels as well as increased measuring points would be beneficial.

More information on this flood event can be found in the S19 Report, available here: https://www.croydon.gov.uk/sites/default/files/articles/downloads/Caterham%20Bourne%20S19%20Flo od%20Investigation%20Report%20%E2%80%93%20October%202014%202.pdf .

1 Extracted from the Caterham Bourne Flood S19 Investigation Report (October 2014)

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2 Overview of Flood Risk in Croydon 2.1 Introduction Flood risk is not just the likelihood of flooding occurring, but also the potential damage a flood could cause. Croydon is at greatest risk of flooding from surface water and groundwater sources and it is predicted that this will increase in the future; influenced by climate change and increasing pressures on development and housing need. Runoff from roads or impermeable areas and flooding from road gullies were identified as the main sources of flooding perceived by local communities. This does not, however, indicate that the future flood risk from other sources is insignificant.

Significant lengths of river within Croydon have been long culverted underground, which has lowered the risk of rivers overtopping. However, the valley shapes where rivers once flowed still exist and frequently form hotspots of surface water flooding when heavy rainfall flows to the lowest points putting the drainage under extra pressure

Historically, Croydon has been affected by flooding from surface water, rivers, groundwater and sewers. The most significant recent flooding event occurred in February and March 2014 when an unprecedented period of rainfall caused groundwater levels to rise leading to flood incidents around the Borough. The rising groundwater led to a significant flow in the Caterham Bourne, a watercourse which is largely dry for most of the time and a major incident was declared as multiple agencies worked to keep water out of homes along the A22 and surrounding roads in Kenley and Purley.

Croydon has records of surface water flooding dating back to the 1950s. Localised hotspots occur across the Borough, often in low-lying areas when rainfall from steep surrounding areas flows down and overwhelms the road drainage such as Kenley Lane, Chipstead Valley Road and Marlpit Lane in . According to research undertaken by the Environment Agency (EA), almost 50,000 residential properties are estimated to be at risk of surface water flooding within Croydon, with over 3,700 of those at high risk. Major flooding from rivers is less common in Croydon. Although the Caterham Bourne is designated as both a main river and an ordinary watercourse within the borough, the flooding in 2014 is predominantly attributed to groundwater although a number of factors contributed to the flooding as is frequently the case in Croydon.

Further information on flood risk in Croydon can be found in the Local Flood Risk Management Strategy 2014 - 20202. A map displaying Croydon’s flood risk can be found in Appendix J, and further flood risk maps can be found in Appendix A of Croydon’s Local Flood Risk Management Strategy3.

2.2 Topography The topography is characterised by steep slopes in Coulsdon in the south of the Borough which then level off to flatter land in the north as shown in Appendix G. The Brighton Road is located in the natural valley of the topography, which is the flow path of the former River Wandle, now entirely culverted until it emerges at Wandle Park in .

2 https://www.croydon.gov.uk/sites/default/files/articles/downloads/Local%20flood%20risk%20management%20stra tegy%20summary.pdf 3 https://www.croydon.gov.uk/sites/default/files/articles/downloads/Local%20flood%20risk%20management%20stra tegy%20-%20appendix%20A.pdf

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The majority of the Borough drains into the catchment of the River Wandle, which passes into London Borough of Sutton. The northern part of the Borough drains into the Norbury Brook which feeds into the River Wandle further downstream. The south-eastern part of the Borough including the settlements of Forestdale and Addington is characterised by steeper topography and more rural land which drains into the tributaries of the River Ravensbourne which flows eastwards into London Borough of Bromley.

2.3 Fluvial Flooding Flooding from rivers occurs when a watercourse cannot cope with the volume of water draining into it and overflows its banks onto surrounding land. Large (‘main’) rivers in Croydon include the River Wandle, Norbury Brook, (part of the) Caterham Bourne and the Chaffinch Brook.

Risks from river flooding associated with the open sections of the Norbury Brook, River Wandle and Chaffinch Brook are relatively well understood and have been managed at a catchment level for many years by the Environment Agency. These risks are mapped and delineated into Flood Zones, which are used to guide planning decisions; detailed information can be seen in section 3 and on the Environment Agency’s website.

2.4 Surface Water Flooding Surface water flooding occurs when heavy rainfall cannot be absorbed into the ground or enter the drainage systems. Parts of Croydon have a particular susceptibility to surface water and sewer flooding due to the urbanised nature of the area and the complexity of the sewer system leading to a high potential for constrictions, blockages and failure. Over recent years, severe surface water flooding has been experienced across the area causing damage to property and disruption to businesses and services.

The most recent information available from the Environment Agency shows that areas identified to be particularly susceptible to surface water flooding include Brighton Road, particularly around Purley Cross and up to south and Central Croydon, the A22/Godstone Road and areas around Old Lodge Lane, Kenley and Chipstead Valley Road in Coulsdon. According to research undertaken by the Environment Agency (EA), almost 50,000 residential properties are estimated to be at risk of surface water flooding within Croydon, with over 3,700 of those at high risk. Further information on surface water flooding, including the areas defined as Critical Drainage Areas (CDAs) can be found in section 5.

2.4.1 Surface Water Management Plan (SWMP) A SWMP study has been undertaken as part of the Drain London Project in consultation with key local partners who are responsible for surface water management and drainage in the London area. These include the Authority, Thames Water, the Environment Agency and Transport for London. The SWMP is managed by the Highways Department at Croydon Council, and is available publically here, https://www.croydon.gov.uk/environment/flood-water/flood-management .

2.5 Ground Water Flooding Flooding from groundwater occurs when water levels in the ground rise above surface levels which are most likely to occur in areas underlain by permeable rocks, and is likely to occur after seasonal periods of prolonged rainfall.

Flood risk from groundwater is less well understood within the borough than that from surface water, rivers or sewers. Groundwater flooding can be particularly difficult to predict due to the ‘hidden’ nature of the source of flooding and relatively longer period as the water table rises and emerges, often several

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days or weeks after heavy rainfall has fallen and river levels have dropped. The Caterham Bourne is fed by high groundwater so the area along the A22/Godstone road is a known risk area. Analysis of Croydon’s geology provides a high-level indication of risk being greatest in the chalky areas in the southern half of the borough as well as areas of river terrace deposits associated with the River Wandle. Although detailed records are sparse, numerous incidents in the north of the borough support the presence of springs and perched groundwater, which can cause gardens and basements to flood. More information can be found in section 4.

2.6 Reservoir Inundation Reservoir flooding occurs when reservoirs, which hold large volumes of water above ground level, overtop i.e. cannot contain the amount of water flowing into them, or when part of the reservoir fails resulting in a fast release of water. Within Croydon, Lake is designated as a Reservoir in addition to Russell Hill Reservoir, managed by Thames Water. More information on these two reservoirs can be found in Appendix B. Please note: this appendix has been removed as it is marked OFFICIAL SENSITIVE and is not available to the public.

2.7 Ordinary Watercourse Flooding Ordinary watercourse flooding occurs when smaller watercourses, such as streams, ditches, drains, cuts, dykes and sluices cannot hold the volume of water flowing through them and overflow their banks onto surrounding land.

No modelling of the flood risk from ordinary watercourses has been undertaken to date across Croydon. Therefore future flood risk is based on the potential risk using knowledge of known flooding hotspots and potential mechanisms for flooding. Within Croydon, significant lengths of ordinary watercourse are culverted underground, with trash screens often located on the upstream end of culverts. These can be blocked by plant debris or rubbish increasing localised risks of flooding. Better understanding is required of the location and risks from smaller watercourses and ditches in the borough. Known flooding issues exist relating to the Merstham Bourne in Coulsdon and the upstream end of the Norbury Brook through .

2.8 Sewer Flooding Sewer flooding occurs when combined or surface water sewers are overwhelmed by a heavy rainfall event which exceeds the capacity of the sewer / drainage system. The system becomes blocked by debris or sediment, and/or the system surcharges due to high water levels in receiving watercourses. Flooding from the foul sewer can also occur through blockage, illegal connections or under capacity.

Sewer flooding is recorded and mapped by Thames Water in Croydon. Climate change is anticipated to increase the potential risk from sewer flooding as summer storms become more intense and winter storms more prolonged. This combination is likely to increase the pressure on the existing efficiency of sewer systems, thereby reducing their design standard and leading to more frequent localised flooding incidents. Sewer flood risk is complex in Croydon. It can often be influenced by other sources of flooding such as groundwater or high river levels as suggested by anecdotal records around the Norbury Brook in . A combined sewer system can be vulnerable to flood during very heavy rain, which can cause the system to overflow.

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2.9 South West London Flood Group The South West London Flood Group was formed in 2011 as part of the Drain London project, comprising the Lead Local Flood Authorities (LLFAs) of Wandsworth, Merton, Sutton, Croydon, Kingston and Richmond, and the Environment Agency and Thames Water. The Group meets quarterly to discuss flood risk management activities across South West London to ensure a coordinated approach, sharing of best practice and identifying opportunities to undertake joint working.

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3 Fluvial Flood Risk Zone Assessments The Environment Agency acknowledges three fluvial Flood Warning Areas (FWA) in the London Borough of Croydon. These are as follows:

Flood Warning Area FWA Code The River Wandle at Park 064WF41BeddPark The Norbury Brook at Thornton Heath and Vale 064FWF41Norbury The Chaffinch Brook and St James Stream at and 064FWF43UpprElm Upper Elmers End

3.1 Wandle Flood Warning Zone

Figure 1 – Flood map for Wandle flood warning zone

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Flood Warning Area Flood Warning Area Reference Code The River Wandle at Beddington Park 064FWF41BeddPark Locations Affected Messages Issued (EA) The area within the Borough contained in this  Flood Warning flood warning area is bounded by Roman Way  Flood Warning Update spreading west across Wandle Park across the  Severe Flood Warning to the boundary with the London Floodline Quickdial Code Borough of Sutton. The north boundary is Factory 173802 Lane and Beddington Farm Road. The south boundary is the edge of Wandle Park through to Lead Time Mill Lane. 2 hours Frequency of Probability of Properties at Properties registered on Floodline Warnings Flooding Flooding Risk Direct 1:1000 0.1% (low) 1450 Extended Direct Fully 1:100 1% (medium) 257 Warnings* 1:20 5% (high) 18 182 942 1:5 20% (very high) 6 Key Infrastructure  Southern Network Gas Holder site, Factory Lane  A23  A236  Tram  Kingsley Primary School, Thomson Crescent History of Flooding Month / Year Number of Properties / areas affected 6 properties flooded (2 properties flooded, Wood Street and New Road in July 2007 Mitcham. 4 properties flooded Richmond Green and Beddington) 1991 41 properties flooded August 1981 89 properties flooded 1979 3 properties flooded 1978 21 properties flooded 1977 59 properties flooded 1975 20 properties flooded, including 15 in Beddington 1970 59 properties flooded September 1968 54 properties flooded 1966 10 properties flooded Flood Defences / Alleviation Measures As the result of frequent flooding, the River Wandle has had major flood alleviation works carried out along its length from the River Thames to Richmond Green. Wandle Park and Beddington Park act as flood plains to take additional river flows. Other Information  On receipt of a flood warning, Wandle Park and Beddington Park are expected to flood. It is anticipated that water may accumulate on roads, it is not expected that properties will flood to any great depth. It is possible that the car parks on the retail parks of Purley Way will flood. *Properties can benefit from full registration or Extended Direct Warnings (EDW) - a limited opt-out service to homes and businesses at ‘high-risk’ from flooding, who are currently not registered to receive warnings.

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3.2 Norbury Brook Flood Warning Zone

Figure 2 – Flood map for Norbury Brook Flood Warning Zone

Flood Warning Area Flood Warning Area Reference Code The Norbury Brook at Thornton Heath and 064FWF41Norbury Streatham Vale Locations Affected Messages Issued (EA) The Norbury Brook (River Graveney) is the main  Flood Warning tributary of the River Wandle. It flows through  Flood Warning Update industrial and residential areas. Areas at risk  Severe Flood Warning include: Thornton Heath – Boswell Road, Zermatt Road, Floodline Quickdial Code Geneva Road, Lucern Road, Brook Road, Elliott Road, Bremar Avenue, Strathyre Avenue, 173801 Kilmartin Avenue, Dunbar Avenue, Melrose Avenue, Ederline Avenue, Dalmeny Avenue, Lead Time

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Craignish Avenue, Norbury Crescent and Norbury Avenue. 2 hours Norbury – Kuala Gardens and Granville Gardens. Frequency of Probability of Properties at Properties registered on Floodline Warnings Flooding Flooding Risk Direct 1:1000 0.1% (low) 1971 Extended Direct Fully 1:100 1% (medium) 1130 Warnings* 1:20 5% (high) 259 169 1581 1:5 20% (very high) 4 Key Infrastructure  Kensington Avenue Infant School, Kensington Avenue  Kensington Avenue Junior School, Kensington Avenue History of Flooding Month / Year Number of Properties / areas affected July 2007 1 property flooded, Dalmeny Avenue July 1997 9 properties flooded 1983 39 properties flooded September 1973 175 properties flooded September 1968 14 properties flooded Flood Defences / Alleviation Measures Due to the increased need for housing in South London, various improvement schemes were put in place by Surrey County Council to reduce risk from the 1920s onwards. This involved construction of concrete walls, flood defences and culverts. The scheme is designed to provide a level of protection to approximately a 1 in 50 year flood event (2% probability in any given year). This scheme is currently being reviewed as part of the Wandle and Graveney Strategy. Other Information  On receipt of a flood warning, it is expected that Norbury Park will flood and take most of the excess water, properties adjoining the park may flood but it is not anticipated to any great depth.  A key issue in this catchment is the ongoing problem of fly-tipping and high levels of rubbish in the Norbury Brook. This causes an increased risk of blockages, particularly at trash screens. *Properties can benefit from full registration or Extended Direct Warnings (EDW) - a limited opt-out service to homes and businesses at ‘high-risk’ from flooding, who are currently not registered to receive warnings.

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3.3 Chaffinch Brook Flood Warning Zone

Figure 3 – flood map of Chaffinch Brook Flood Warning Zone

Flood Warning Area Flood Warning Area Reference Code The Chaffinch Brook and St James Stream at 064FWF43UpprElm Elmers End and Upper Elmers End Locations Affected Messages Issued (EA) The Chaffinch Brook flows from Croydon through  Flood Warning Beckenham to the River Ravensbourne  Flood Warning Update confluence and is joined by St. James Stream.  Severe Flood Warning In the lower reaches, the Chaffinch Brook is Floodline Quickdial Code known as the Pool River. Areas at risk include: 173911 Chaffinch Brook (Upper Elmers End to Elmers End) - Horton Way, Mallard Way, Puffin Close, Lead Time Croydon Road, Elmers End Road, Wimbourne Way, Clock House Road and Forster Road. St James’ Stream - Altyre Way, Upper Elmers End 2 hours Road, Holly Close, Priory Close and St. James’ Avenue.

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Frequency of Probability of Properties at Properties registered on Floodline Warnings Flooding Flooding Risk Direct 1:1000 0.1% (low) 1516 Extended Direct Fully 1:100 1% (medium) 429 Warnings* 1:20 5% (high) 158 132 1451 1:5 20% (very high) 42 Key Infrastructure  Primary School History of Flooding Month / Year Number of Properties / areas affected Around 40mm of rain fell on 20 July, causing the Spring Brook to come out of banks. There was also a blockage on a trash screen. 3 business July 2007 flooded on Bromley Road (junction with Downham Lane) and 9 houses flooded on Downham. 1997 3 properties flooded and 1 road flooded August 1981 47 properties flooded 1974 41 properties flooded 1973 47 properties flooded 1969 6 properties flooded Extensive flooding was experienced; numerous properties and roads were 1968 September affected in the Orpington, Bromley and Chislehurst areas. Flood Defences / Alleviation Measures There are no known Environment Agency flood defences in this area. Other Information  On receipt of a flood warning, it is expected that some flooding of roads and a little in property will occur.  The Ravensbourne Catchment is highly urbanised, and has many debris screens throughout the catchment. These screens are very susceptible to blockages and can cause flooding at many locations. Proactive action is taken to try to ensure that screens are kept clear, especially when the weather forecast is poor. *Properties can benefit from full registration or Extended Direct Warnings (EDW) - a limited opt-out service to homes and businesses at ‘high-risk’ from flooding, who are currently not registered to receive warnings.

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4 Groundwater The borough of Croydon is divided into two distinct areas with respect to bedrock geology. The north of the borough is underlain by impermeable London Clay, whereas the south is underlain by permeable chalk. The Council have 37 records of groundwater flooding in the borough. Instances of groundwater flooding have been reported in a number of areas in Croydon with some regular hotspots in the north of the borough. The most high profile and widespread floods influenced by high groundwater have been associated with the Caterham Bourne in the south of the borough, which caused significant disruption in the winter of 2000-2001 and more recently in early 2014, threatening significant numbers of homes, essential infrastructure and transport networks. Appendix L displays the flood risk posed in Croydon from groundwater.

4.1 Caterham Bourne Catchment The Caterham Bourne is an ephemeral watercourse, meaning it flows intermittently usually after periods of heavy or prolonged rainfall, and is predominantly dry at other times. Historically, it is recorded to flow heavily approximately every 7 years, although smaller flows can be observed more frequently. The bourne rises in Surrey within the district of Tandridge. The source location is reported to vary with three valley flow paths leading towards the Wapses Lodge roundabout on the A22 in Surrey. The EA map the start of the designated main river at Wapses lodge, where the three flow paths combine.

The route of the bourne flows in a North West direction through and into Croydon, roughly following the course of the A22, through Kenley to Purley Cross in Croydon. The bourne then flows within a culvert, flowing north east under Brighton Road to the balancing pond at the Purley Oaks depot. The bourne continues to flow in a northerly direction, mostly within culverts, eventually joining the River Wandle at . More information on the catchment can be found in the Caterham Bourne Flood Investigation Report4.

Areas at risk of Groundwater Flooding in the Caterham Bourne Catchment including Caterham, Whyteleafe, Kenley, Purley, South Croydon, Beddington and Carshalton

The Environment Agency provides a Flood Alert service to the groundwater flooding in the Caterham Bourne catchment – the only groundwater flood alert area in London. Appendix K displays the catchment area; the Flood Alert Reference Code is 064FAG41Caterham.

4.2 Groundwater Alert for South East London The Groundwater Flood Alert area has recently been expanded to include areas that have been previously affected or could be affected by groundwater flooding. This new service will mean members of the public living within areas that could be affected by groundwater flooding can register to receive Groundwater Flood Alerts.

4 https://www.croydon.gov.uk/sites/default/files/articles/downloads/Caterham%20Bourne%20S19%20Flood%20Inv estigation%20Report%20%E2%80%93%20October%202014%202.pdf

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5 Surface Water According to national research undertaken by Defra5, Croydon is ranked the 4th settlement in most susceptible to surface water (pluvial) flooding, with as many as 21,100 properties estimated to be at risk. London Borough of Croydon’s growth strategy provides an increase of approximately 21,510 new homes and many new jobs; these plans for urbanisation and redevelopment within London Borough of Croydon present a significant challenge to the existing drainage systems. Table 2 dissects the number of residential and non-residential properties at a low, medium and high risk of flooding in Croydon, based on the Environment Agency’s ‘Flood Risk for Surface Water’ mapping.

Direct rainfall modelling has been undertaken across the entire Borough for five specified return periods. The results of this modelling have been used to identify Local Flood Risk Zones (LFRZs) where flooding affects houses, businesses or infrastructure. Those areas identified to be at more significant risk have been delineated into Critical Drainage Areas (CDAs) representing one or several LFRZs as well as the contributing catchment area and features that influence the predicted flood extent.

Within the London Borough of Croydon, sixteen CDAs have been identified; these are shown in Appendix I. The chief mechanisms for flooding can be broadly divided into two categories;  Scattered Flooding Incidents - geographically dispersed and relatively isolated flooding of individual properties or small groups of properties (e.g. Chipstead Valley Road, Woodside, South Norwood);  More Severe Pluvial Flooding – more significant pluvial flooding with interlinked sources of flooding, multiple asset owners and typically affecting a significantly greater number of properties (e.g., Brighton Road, Purley Cross and South and Central Croydon).

CDA_043 South and Central Croydon, CDA_041 Brighton Road and CDA_040 Purley Cross have the greatest number of receptors at risk of flooding, in proportion to the size of the CDA. The CDA for South and Central Croydon is also identified to have the greatest amount of critical infrastructure at risk and the highest number of commercial properties.

No single organisation has overall responsibility for surface water flooding with different aspects of the drainage system falling to either The Highway Authority (in this case London Borough of Croydon Council), Thames Water, riparian owners and Transport for London (red routes including the A23, A24 and A232).

5 National Rank Order of Settlements Susceptible to Surface Water Flooding, Defra 2009

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Table 2 - Properties at risk of surface water flooding No. Properties at Risk of Surface Water Flooding in Croydon At Risk (based on Environment Agency ‘Flood Risk for Surface Water’ mapping) Low Medium High Residential Total 33,614 10,440 3,714 Non Residential (including critical infrastructure) Total 2,893 1,478 680 Total 36,507 11,918 4,394

5.1 CDA Flood Risk Summary – CDA_040 Purley Cross

CDA_040 Purley Cross Flood Risk Surface water and ordinary watercourse Categorisation  This CDA covers the section of Brighton Road from Coulsdon Town Rail Station northwards to the Purley Cross junction.  Brighton Road is located in a natural depression along the former pathway of the River Wandle.  During periods of heavy rainfall, surface water flows down the side roads and ponds along Brighton Road resulting in highway flooding Description and flooding of properties on either side of the highway.  Accordingly, reported incidents of flooding are concentrated along Brighton Road.  Due to its location in a topographic depression, the pluvial modelling identifies this area to be susceptible to significant depths of flooding. Approximately 2316 Non- Approximately 101 Non-deprived deprived6 households and 83 households and 20 commercial Property Count commercial properties flood to a properties flood to a depth of depth of greater than 0.03m. greater than 0.5m.  A23 TfL red route from London to Brighton  2 Fire Stations  Electrical substation Critical Infrastructure  Schools  Community Centres  Residential Homes  This area floods almost every year.  The Purley Cross junction has historically experienced severe flooding, most notably in July 2007 when approx. 320 properties and 26 schools reported surface water flooding, and the gyratory Validation / History of system including the surface water pumping system was Flooding completely submerged beneath 2 to 3 metres of floodwater.  There are 16 records of flooding within this CDA since 1961.  There are 12 records of pluvial flooding at Purley Cross, Brighton Road, Woodcote High School, Russell Hill Road, Smitham Bottom Lane, The Chase, The Horseshoe and Old Lodge Lane.

6 (Non-) Deprived Households: Those households (not) falling into the lowest 20% of ranks by the Office of National Statistics’ Indices of Multiple Deprivation.

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 In addition there are records of sewer flooding at Brighton Road, Old Lodge Lane, Reedham Drive, Foxley Lane and Purley Cross

Figure 4 - 2007 Flooding at Purley Cross Figure 5 - 2015 Flooding at Purley Cross

5.2 CDA Flood Risk Summary – CDA_041 Brighton Road

CDA 041 Brighton Road Flood Risk Surface Water, Culverted Ordinary Watercourse Categorisation  Brighton Road is located along the former pathway of the River Wandle. During periods of heavy rainfall, surface water is channelled from higher land in Kenley and towards Purley and ponds along the length of Brighton Road. Description  The Brighton Road is defined as Environment Agency Flood Zone 3a however the watercourse is entirely culverted along this section and joins the River Wandle in neighbouring London Borough of Sutton. Approximately 2357 Non-deprived Approximately 163 Non-deprived households and 373 commercial households and 26 commercial Property Count properties flood to a depth of properties flood to a depth of greater than 0.03m. greater than 0.5m.  TfL Red Route (A23)  Hospital Critical Infrastructure  Fire Station  Brighton Road Bus Depot  Electrical substation  There are records of flooding at more than 8 locations along this section of Brighton Road.  During the 20th of July 2007 flood event, reportedly more than 50 properties reported to be affected by surface water flooding along Validation / History of the Brighton Road corridor. The capacity of the surface water Flooding drainage system was overwhelmed and the residual surface water resulted in roadway and property flooding. Flooding extended beyond the Brighton Road frontage to adjacent roads and properties.

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5.3 CDA Flood Risk Summary – CDA_043 South and Central Croydon

CDA 042 South & Central Croydon Flood Risk Surface Water, Culverted Ordinary Watercourse Categorisation  This CDA covers the upper extent of Brighton Road extending from Haling Park to Wandle Park.  Surface water flows into the channel of the former River Wandle in the area designated as Environment Agency Flood Zone 3a and Description ponds to significant depths.  Surface water is shown to pond beneath the Croydon flyover and the subways beneath Mitcham Road including Booth Road and Bourne Street. Approximately 3450 Non-deprived Approximately 349 Non-deprived households of which 431 are households of which 25 are basements; 327 Deprived basements; 5 Deprived households, of which 17 are households, or which 3 are Property Count basements; and 830 commercial basements; and 49 commercial properties, of which 464 are properties, of which 11 are basements, flood to a depth of basements, flood to a depth of greater than 0.03m. greater than 0.5m.  A23 TfL Red Route  Fire Station, Terrace  Sewage Treatment Works Critical Infrastructure  14 Electrical substations  Police Station, Wellesley Road  Croydon Hospital  Tram network (Reeves Corner and Central stations)  London Borough of Croydon has records of pluvial flooding at 33 locations within this CDA including Wellesley Road (Croydon underpass), Brighton Road, Haling Park Road, Church Street, Cliffe Road, Howard Primary School, Duppas Hill Terrace, North End, Park Lane, Parker Road, Queen Street, Southbridge Place, Validation / History of Waddon Road, Warham Road, Warrington Road, Barlett Street, Flooding Road,  Incidents of sewer flooding have been recorded at Purley Road, Miller Road and North End.  Incidents of groundwater flooding have been recorded at Barham Road, Brighton Road and Church Road.

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6 Reservoir Inundation

Information regarding reservoirs is classed as OFFICIAL SENSITIVE by DEFRFA and therefore is not available to the public.

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7 Plan Activation 7.1 Planning Assumptions It is important to be clear about the planning assumptions that are being used to ensure consistency in approach. The definitions of such assumptions are listed below:

 Fluvial Flood Warning o Assume approximately 2 hours warning of flooding. This does not take into account breaches in existing defences where there is likely to be no warning. Where possible a warning for over topping of defences may be provided.  Surface Water Flooding o Potential Met Office warnings of heavy rainfall but timescales and locations are unpredictable.  Breaches o Breaches may lead to a Severe Flood Warning and have the potential to constitute a major incident.  Water Rescue o Assumes the use of only emergency services’ boats, helicopters and high-clearance vehicles (not self-presenting voluntary operators whose standard of training and equipment are unknown).  Infrastructure o This plan does not take into account damage or failure of power stations, roads and rail links specifically.

7.2 Flood Warning Codes The level of plan activation and response to flooding could depend on the warning code provided by the Environment Agency. There are four warning codes with escalating levels of impacts and require different levels of resources and so, responses should be addressed accordingly7.

Table 3 describes the codes and their potential impacts which relate to the plan activations in Figure 8 below.

7 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/311020/flood_warnings_LIT_5215. pdf

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Table 3 - Flood Warning Codes and Impacts Flood Warning Code Meaning When it’s used Impact on the ground  Flooding of fields, recreation land and car Flooding is Two hours to two parks. possible. days in advance of  Flooding of minor roads. Be prepared. flooding.  Flooding of farmland.  Spray or wave overtopping on the coast.  Flooding of homes and businesses.  Flooding of rail infrastructure.  Flooding of roads with major impacts. Flooding is Half an hour to  Significant waves and expected. one day in spray on the coast. Immediate action advance of required. flooding.  Extensive flood plain inundation (including caravan parks or campsites).  Flooding of major tourist/recreational attractions.  Deep and fast flowing water.  Debris in the water causing danger. When flooding  Potential or observed poses a significant collapse of buildings and Severe flooding. risk to life or structures. Danger to life. significant  Communities isolated by disruption to flood waters. communities.  Critical infrastructure for communities disabled.  Large number of evacuees.  Military support. No new impacts expected from flooding, however there No further flooding When a flood still may be: Warning no longer is currently warning or severe  standing water following in force expected for your flood warning is no flooding; area. longer in force.  flooded properties;  flooded or damaged infrastructure.

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The Flood Forecasting Centre (FFC) is responsible for issuing weather warnings that relate to conditions that could cause flooding. The primary product aimed at emergency responders is the daily Flood Guidance Statement.

7.3 Flood Guidance Statements The joint EA/Met Office Flood Forecasting Centre produces a Flood Guidance Statement (FGS) which provides a daily flood risk assessment for Category 1 and 2 responders to assist with tactical planning decisions.

This assessment of risk is shown by county across England and Wales over five days. It identifies developing situations that could cause flooding and significant disruption to normal life. The FGS assesses the risk for all types of natural flooding – river, coastal, groundwater and surface water flooding.

It presents a collated assessment by the FFC and the local EA flood forecasting teams of the best understanding of risk based on weather forecasts, flood forecasts and catchment conditions on the ground.

The FGS is issued by the FFC every day at 10:30am. It will also be issued at other times through the day and night, if the situation warrants and/or the flood risk changes.

To assess the level of risk, the FFC takes into account a large number of weather and catchment factors. Assessments are made in different ways for coastal, river, surface water and groundwater. These are then presented on a coloured risk basis. For many reasons the ability to assess flood risk varies across England and Wales.

The following is reviewed for each Flood Guidance Statement:  The likelihood of an adverse flood event where likelihood bands are described as very low <20%, low 20-40%, medium 40-60%, high 60% or greater.  Recent weather conditions-is the event shortly after an earlier period of prolonged rain or other high impact weather.  Area and duration – is it expected to be short and localised or will it affect a large geographical area over several hours?  Knowledge about the condition of the catchments within the counties – how saturated are the catchments? How high are the rivers and what are the underlying conditions?  Detailed flood forecast models for the coast, showing surges and large waves, and flood flows for rivers are evaluated.  Seasonal factors, for example snow cover or leaf fall.  The combined effect of river flow and high tides – if a river flood is being assessed, does this coincide with high tides, which could cause problems?

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Figure 6 - Example section of a Flood Guidance Statement

Figure 7 - Flood Risk Matrix

The FGS risk matrix and key shows the assessment of likelihood against impacts that form the basis of the county map colouring.

Flood Guidance Statements are issued by email to Category 1 and 2 responders. Organisations have to register with the FFC to receive them. A version of the FGS is published for the public on the Environment Agency website called the Three Day Flood Risk Forecast.

Flood Guidance Statements will generally be the only warning partners will receive regarding potential surface water flooding. They contain a yellow, amber, red scale to highlight risk to allow partners to take necessary action to prepare in advance of flooding occurring. The FGS risk scale is based on the risk of disruption from all sources of flooding though, not just surface water.

When London is coloured yellow, amber or red on a FGS, the Met Office Public Weather Service Advisor will usually provide an amplification of the likely impacts focussing on London. These amplifications are issued to Category 1 and 2 responders by email.

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7.4 Media In the build up to a flooding incident, the media are routinely sent all warning messages issued by the Environment Agency, Met Office and Flood Forecasting Centre. As an incident unfolds, the scale of flooding and disruption will dictate the level of media interest. Organisations tend to be contacted individually by the media for updates and statements and organisations provide interviews to comment on their own responsibilities.

For a localised incident, it is likely the LA or MPS will lead the response and lead on the main communication messages. These should be regularly shared with any coordinating groups set up to ensure consistency.

If a major incident (for Croydon) is declared and a borough strategic coordinating group is convened, key messages should be produced and circulated regularly to all responders to ensure consistency.

If a major incident for London is declared and the Strategic Coordination Centre (SCC) is convened (due to widespread flooding in several boroughs), a media cell will be set up to handle all media issues. Individual organisations may still be approached by the media but the SCC must issue a top lines brief to ensure any interviews conducted away from the SCC contain consistent messages

7.5 Triggers and Actions Within the London Strategic Flood Response Framework (v3), four levels of response have been identified: horizon scanning; flood preparation, flood response, and strategic flood response. Escalation through these levels may not always be sequential. Locally, the multi-agency focus and action is on level 2: flood preparation, and level 3: flood response.

Responders are required to evaluate the information themselves and put measures and actions in place accordingly. For further guidance on the situation, the Environment Agency should be contacted. Further actions to what is written below are shown in the roles and responsibilities under Section 9.1.

Figure 8 displays the levels of response with associated triggers and actions.

Overall responsibility for activating the Multi Agency Flood Plan will lie with either the Police or Croydon Council’s Chief Executive (in consultation with the Resilience Manager).

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Figure 8 – Flood response levels with MAFP Plan Triggers and Generic Actions

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LEVEL 1: Horizon Scanning There is no trigger to activate level 1. Ongoing risk assessment and horizon scanning is integrated into category 1 and 2 responder’s normal arrangements and included in the London Common Operating Picture (COP) circulated to the Resilience Partnership.

Escalating From LEVEL 1 to LEVEL 2 There may be a period of inactivity between the preparation phase and the response phase. This could range from hours to days depending on the detail and confidence of the weather/flood forecasts. There will be occasions when the preparation phase (level 2) is activated but response phase (level 3) is not necessary. Activating the preparation phase ensures responders stay ahead of the incident, instead of trying to catch up during the response phase.

All organisations should inform Croydon Council Resilience Team (who will inform the LLACC, if open), and/or the Environment Agency of any flooding to property or infrastructure.

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LEVEL 2: Flood Preparation

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LEVEL 3: Flood Response

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7.6 Activation Procedure Croydon Council Resilience Team will use their emergency communication system, Everbridge, as a method of activation to alert BRF members and other appropriate individuals to the flood incident requiring a coordinated multi-agency response. Figure 9 displays the template message which will be sent via email and/or SMS to Everbridge-registered individuals, requiring a response from a choice of four options.

Figure 9 - The template used to activate the BRF using Everbridge

7.7 Initial Partner Response to Activation Upon activation of the plan all relevant organisations will be notified and EITHER meet at the rendezvous point (RVP) stated by Croydon Council Resilience Team, OR dial in to a teleconference as requested to establish the multi-agency Tactical (silver) Coordinating Group. Borough Strategic Gold will be established as required.

The RVP will be confirmed by the Croydon Council Resilience Team on activation, but may be located at , CR0 1NX.

Croydon Council will chair any Silver (Tactical) and Gold (Strategic) meetings in response to a flooding incident with input from all responding agencies. If search and rescue activities are being undertaken the chair may pass to the LFB.

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8 Communications Contact details of key personnel are not held within this plan, but within the Multi-Agency Contact Directory, maintained by Croydon Council Resilience Team.

8.1 General Public An information leaflet can be found on the Environment Agency website which provides guidance on before, during and after flooding8. This Environment Agency leaflet states that anyone who is at risk of flooding is advised to develop a personal flood plan and ensure they are signed up to the free flood warning service, Floodline.

Croydon Council, in consultation with the Metropolitan Police will provide up to date and consistent information on community safety. Local TV and radio can also be used to inform the community of different flood warnings. Croydon Council’s website will be important for these messages as well as the setting up of an information line via the Croydon Council Contact Centre.

8.1.1 Communicating through Faith, Ethnic, and Community Groups Where necessary, faith, ethnic, and community groups may be asked to assist with communications to their communities, through medias such as radio stations for Muslim population. This will enable appropriate religious and ethnic community leaders to ensure warning and information messages are passed to the community and to ensure customs and beliefs are respected. Croydon Council’s community teams and MPS safer neighbourhood teams have good links faith, ethnic, and community groups.

8.2 Lead Local Flood Authority (LLFA) Internal Communications Croydon Council (Resilience Team), as the LLFA, will email relevant council officers via the ‘Weather Warning Officer CC Group’ when there had been a flood warning relevant to this borough.

8.3 Members It is essential that in the build-up, during flooding and after a flooding incident that Council Members are informed. As a minimum the Leader, Deputy Leader and appropriate Cabinet Members should be provided with a situation report. The Leader or Deputy will be the conduit for advising the ward members of key information. In time all Councillors should be informed. This will be managed as directed in the corporate emergency plan, through Chief Officer on Call or the Chief Executive in conjunction with the DRO.

8.4 Environment Agency (EA) Flood Warning Methods The EA send flood warnings to the public, professional partners and the media using a variety of methods. The flood risk and most practicable method at the time will determine which method/s is chosen to send out the flood warning to each area.

Floodline Warnings Direct The EA is responsible for issuing warnings to the public, businesses, emergency responders and media relating to tidal and fluvial flooding. The warning codes are issued using their Floodline Warnings Direct (FWD) system which can send bulk messages to a mass audience via several formats. The formats are

8 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/flooding-what-to-do-before-during-and-after-a-flood

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email, SMS text message, voice message and fax. People and organisations have to register their details on FWD in order to receive the messages. It is a free service and each individual/organisation can register up to 15 contacts. Messages issued through FWD also update flooding information on the Environment Agency website and the Floodline (0845 988 1188) service.

Floodline Floodline is the Environment Agency’s 24 hour flooding information telephone service on 0345 988 1188. Floodline has trained operators available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to assist with flooding enquiries, as well as recorded information on the latest warnings in force. The recorded information is accessed through Quickdial codes linked to each recording box. This gives the public fast access to the correct flooding information for their area. Householders and businesses can also call Floodline to register to receive warnings from Floodline Warnings Direct.

Public Address Loudhailer These are used to broadcast warning messages via a unit mounted on a vehicle, which is driven around pre-planned routes in flood risk areas.

Media Warnings “Broadcast” is the delivery of warning messages via the media, to a large population where it would be difficult to contact each property individually. Local media (radio & television) make special announcements on our behalf to broadcast warnings for critical flood risk areas. This service is in addition to the routine/usual service provided by the media.

Internet The EA website lists the warnings in force for England and Wales; it is accessed through the following address: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/homeandleisure/floods/31618.aspx

People and businesses can also register to receive our warnings from Floodline Warnings Direct through the EA website at the following address: https://fwd.environment-agency.gov.uk/app/olr/home

Flood Wardens Flood Wardens are used to help support a community in times of flooding. They can help reinforce warning messages, identify people in need and keep the EA and other agencies informed of the ‘on ground’ situation.

Radio All warnings are routinely sent to radio stations for broadcast during news or weather bulletins.

8.5 National Severe Weather Warning Service The Met Office provide the National Severe Weather Warning Service which issues warnings of severe or hazardous weather, which could cause problems ranging from widespread disruption of communications to conditions resulting in transport difficulties or threatening lives.

8.6 Voluntary Sector The voluntary sector provide an extremely valuable resource in the provision of welfare services, and so are likely to be requested during a flood incident. It is therefore important that they are given an early heads up as to events as they materialise e.g. the British Red Cross as they have an agreement with Croydon to support the Rest Centre capability.

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8.7 Door knocking During the Croydon 2014 floods door knocking was used to communicate with those residents at risk. Although door knocking is resource intensive in relation to people and time, it proved quite effective for information gathering and communicating specific messages to a targeted group. We suggest that those people residing in flood zones sign up to the Environment Agencies Floodline Warnings Direct, as they will then be informed of any potential threats. The decision to door knock should be taken dynamically depending on the situation and resources to hand. More information, including a door-knocking template can be found in the Multi-Agency Identification of Vulnerable Persons plan.

8.8 Media Working with the media will be the role of the Croydon Council Media Team and this role and provisions are set out in the Croydon Council Communicating in an Incident Plan. There needs to be a consistent single message in consultation with the other agencies. The Head of Communication and Engagement has the responsibility for communication with the press and media. Where the incident requires the Police lead as per the LESLP manual then this strategy will be followed on a partnership approach.

8.9 Multi-agency Communications Where an incident has resulted in the BECC being operated, the Croydon Communications and Engagement Teams will work with borough resilience forum partners and other Local Authorities to deliver a clear and unified multi-agency statement and regular follow ups including well into the recovery phase. Met Police Neighbourhood Link9 may be an additional facility to communicate with the community.

Croydon Council Resilience Team can use their emergency communication system, Everbridge, as a method of activation to alert CRF members via email and SMS, if registered.

The primary means of communication between responding agencies on site will be by mobile phone. In the event of a breakdown in the mobile phone network use will be made of the Borough Police Shared Radio Link on Airwave. The use of the Shared Radio Link will be used at the instigation of either Croydon Police or the Council. On site communication will also take place at the Forward Control Point (FCP) near to the incident.

An established hierarchy of communication means has been established within London Boroughs for contact between Boroughs and the London Local Authority Coordination Centre (LLACC), ranging from land lines to Airwave radio.

9 http://www.neighbourhoodlink.met.police.uk/

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8.10 Mutual Aid In the event that mutual aid is required to neighbouring boroughs this will be managed internally by each responding agency.

Local Authorities are separate organisations, and so to be able to respond effectively have an agreement in place where mutual aid would be requested and provided through the BECC; and if the London Local Authority Gold (LLAG) arrangements have been activated, through the London Local Authority Coordination Centre (LLACC). Mutual aid will be brokered between boroughs unless:  The scale and complexity of the incident determines that centralised, regional support through the LLACC is required.  LLAG determines a strategy that requires centralised support for all mutual aid through the LLACC.  A point is reached where by the LLACC can add value in support of a Borough brokering mutual aid.

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9 Roles, Responsibilities and Coordination 9.1 Roles and Responsibilities The different agencies responding to a flood event will carry out their duties as stated in the LESLP Procedure Manual10 (with focus on Appendix E: Flooding). These responsibilities are also in Appendix C of this plan for quick reference.

Croydon Council is the Lead Local Flood Authority (LLFA) for the London Borough of Croydon, and as such is responsible for flood risk arising from surface water run-off, groundwater and ‘ordinary’ watercourses. Other sources of flooding, including main rivers and tidal waters, are the responsibility of the Environment Agency and other organisations. Croydon Council is working with the Environment Agency to ensure a consistent and integrated approach to flood risk.

9.1.1 Lead Agency throughout a Flood Event The lead agency during a flood depends upon the level of the flood event, impacts, flood type and response actions.

During a smaller scale flood event (level 3) the Local Authority or Police may lead dependant on the impacts and which organisation has the primary response actions to manage the impacts.

The response phase of a widespread pan-London flood event (level 4: strategic flood response) would be the Police. The recovery stage is led by the Local Authority.

9.2 Tactical (Silver) Coordinating Group When the decision to activate this flood plan is taken representatives from the following organisations should be contacted and attend Silver Tactical meetings:  Metropolitan Police   London Ambulance Service  Croydon Council  Other specialist advisors, for example: o NHS England (London) o Environment Agency o Thames Waters

A silver tactical coordinating group template agenda can be found in Appendix E.

9.3 Escalation of Response A major incident will be declared if the incident requires implementation of special arrangements by one or more of the emergency services and will generally include the involvement, either directly or indirectly, of large numbers of people. For example  Rescue and transportation of a large number of casualties  Large-scale combined resources of Police, LFB and LAS  Mobilisation and organisation of the emergency services and support services

10 http://www.leslp.gov.uk/

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Response to a flooding incident will require a multi-agency approach, and liaison with all blue light responders, the Environment Agency and other stakeholders as required is essential. Liaison will in the first instance take place at a silver tactical meeting. It should be recognised that flooding may cover several areas, so therefore a remote location will provide a more tactical overview across the borough, rather than meeting at one of the flooding sites.

9.3.1 Further Escalation A larger incident may involve the activation of London’s Strategic Coordination Group (SCG) which would have Police lead as Gold during the response phase and would include activation of the London Strategic Flood Response Plan.

In these circumstances, the local authority’s primary objective would be to inform the London Local Authority Co-ordination Centre (LLACC) that they have activated their Borough Emergency Control Centre (BECC). The London Resilience Team should also be informed of this activation in terms of a flooding incident.

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10 Specific Considerations for a Flood Event

10.1 Flooding Response Considerations In responding to flooding incidents, the following should be considered:  Contaminated water (hazard to rescue services as well as the public)  Danger from flowing water (speed, force, currents, undertow) and submerged hazards  Early appointment of a flood recovery group  Equipment and training in its use (e.g. Access to boats for suitably trained personnel, footwear, buoyancy aids, safety lines, flood-plain maps, local knowledge of flood effects)  Guidance and health advice leaflets, newsletter, helpline, etc.  Local Authority Liaison Officers (LALO) for response and monitoring purposes  Military assistance, e.g. Sandbagging, specialist vehicles, etc. – see Appendix D  Police Marine Support Unit, Port Of London Authority, RNLI  Rest centres – establishment and transport.  Risk assessment  Supplies of clean drinking water  Traffic diversion plan with sign locations (see section 67, road traffic regulation act, 1984)  Use of LFB bulk media advisors (BMA) who are specialist officers trained to assist with pumping of floodwater.  Vulnerable persons, e.g. Children, disabled, etc. o See the Multi-agency Identification of Vulnerable Persons Plan11  Vulnerable premises (e.g. Occupied basements, electrical installations, sub-level car parks)  Weather forecasts

10.2 Responsibilities for Environmental Impacts In a flood event a number of environmental issues may occur. Table 4 gives a brief description as to who is responsible for these issues. Further information can be found in the Recovery Plan12:

Table 4 - Environmental issues arising from flooding, with responsible body Environmental Issue Responsible Organisation The council would be responsible for the disposal of animal carcasses Animal Carcasses found on council property. Domestic animals would be the responsibility of the owner. The council should facilitate recycling and waste collection for flood Personal Property damaged goods as part of its emergency response and recovery. The council will take responsibility for clearing silt on public land but Silt not on private property The council will dispose of its own contaminated sandbags, but due to Contaminated Sandbags the council’s policy not to supply sandbags to the public, the council will not be held responsible for personal sandbags. The council has a list of designated contractors who are responsible Domestic Oil for removing this The Environment Agency are responsible for cleaning up Industrial Industrial Oil / Petrol Oil and Petrol and for this they have a list of designated contractors.

11 Stored on CRF’s Resilience Direct pages 12 Croydon Council Recovery Plan is currently under review.

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10.3 Health Guidance and Advice Flooding presents a number of risks to health. Health and safety considerations and information for responders are held by each of the responding agencies. These considerations are not in this plan; responders needing more information should speak to their own agency and see the Public Health England (PHE) advice link below.

Due to the possibility of sewage being present in floodwater, NHS E (L) and PHE will provide advice concerning the risk to public health. PHE has a range of advice and support material to help professionals and the public address those risks and clean up safely:  People living through a flood: o Flooding: advice for the public o Flooding: planning, managing and recovering from a flood. o Flooding Health advice: mental health following floods. o Floods: how to clean up your home safely  Frontline responders: o Recovering from flooding: information for frontline responders. o Flooding and mental health: essential information for frontline responders.

They can all be found at the following link: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/flooding-health- guidance-and-advice.

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11 Key Infrastructure This plan recognises the below sites to be of key infrastructure in the London Borough of Croydon that has the potential to impact upon both the borough and also the wider London region from a flooding incident. The individual flood risk sheets also contain key vulnerable infrastructure relevant to that area.

These are only example locations and are not an exhaustive list:  Police stations o Croydon Police Station o Berin Underwood House  Fire stations o o Croydon o Norbury o Purley o Woodside  Ambulance Stations o Croydon o Coulsdon o New Addington o South Croydon  Hospitals / A&E’s o Croydon University Hospital o Purley War Memorial Hospital  Local Authority Sites o Central Croydon Complex (Town Hall, , Davis House) o Croydon Mortuary o Factory Lane Depot (Stubbs Mead)  Schools  Transport links o A23 o A22 o A232 o East Croydon Transport Hub o

Appendix H provides a map of the key infrastructure that could be at risk to fluvial flooding predictions.

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12 Evacuation Evacuation is by no means an easy option and may not be the safest option for the majority of those potentially at risk. It may be safer to advise people to seek refuge in the upper storeys of a building rather than run the risk of being overcome by the floodwaters. An evacuation leaflet for residents can be found in Appendix F.

12.1 Deciding Upon Evacuation The decision to evacuate an area affected by, or at risk from, flooding will be the responsibility of the tactical and/or strategic coordinating group. Evacuation will prompt Council action to establish a Rest Centre, if not already in operation, and arrange the transportation of evacuees. The Croydon Council Duty Resilience Officer, in consultation with other relevant agencies, is responsible for determining the level of support to be given to those persons who refuse to be evacuated. All agencies should work together to coordinate an evacuation should the decision to evacuate be made.

Further information on the evacuation process and transportation of evacuees can be found in the Croydon Council Evacuation Plan13 and the London Mass Evacuation Plan.

12.2 Evacuation Actions

12.2.1 Communications Communications following a request for evacuation can be undertaken is stated in this plan. Refer to Section 8 of this plan which describes some of the methods that can be adopting in warning and informing residents to evacuate.

12.2.2 Rest Centre Evacuation will lead to the set-up and facilitation of a Rest Centre (RC) provided by the Local Authority and transport arrangements for evacuees will need to be considered. Further information about sheltering evacuees can be obtained in the Croydon Council Rest Centre Plan.

12.2.3 Evacuation Refusal The following should be undertaken for people who refuse to be evacuated from their homes:  Give advice;  Explain to the resident the dangers of remaining in the property;  Make a note of all who refuse;  Move people to the upper floors if possible;  Inform the Police Incident Commander.

12.2.4 Traffic Management Evacuation routes and traffic management arrangements are not specified in this plan as these arrangements will depend on the flood situation itself. However, evacuation routes and traffic management will be discussed in the initial phases of the response.

13 Under review

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13 Recovery The purpose of providing recovery support is to assist the affected community towards management of its own recovery. It is recognised that where a community experiences a significant emergency, there is a need to supplement the personal, family and community structures which have been disrupted.

The recovery phase of a flooding incident must begin as soon as practicably possible and run alongside flood response operations. Following the end of the emergency response phase to a flooding incident, the BECC will decide when it is appropriate to stand down. At this point control will officially be handed back to directorates and services to run as ‘business as normal’ or to the designated recovery team as required.

Recovery is more than simply the replacement of what has been destroyed and the rehabilitation of those affected. It is a complex social and developmental process rather than just a remedial process. The manner in which recovery processes are undertaken is critical to their success. Recovery is best achieved when the affected community is able to exercise a high degree of self-determination.

Common issues following flooding include:  Clean up and waste disposal  Repairs to public infrastructure – schools, buildings, roads, bridges  Restoration of power, communications and water  Domestic and business insurance needs  Displaced businesses  Humanitarian assistance needs including o Homeless/ displaced residents o Psychological impacts  Environmental impacts

The London Borough of Croydon will take the lead on recovery following a flooding incident.

Please refer to the London Recovery Management Protocol (June 2013)14 and Croydon Council’s Recovery Plan15 for further details on recovery

14 https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/gla_migrate_files_destination/London%20Recovery%20Management %20Protocol%20v3%200%20June%202013.pdf 15 Currently under review

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14 Plan Maintenance Procedures 14.1 Validation This plan should be tested via exercise or other appropriate testing event with relevant stakeholders. The following evidence is required to prove this validation:  Post exercise report including actions, recommendations, and record of attendees.  Incident reports (after a real plan activation).

14.2 Training / Exercise  Once validated, training requirements (i.e. content, skills, frequency, etc.) should be identified and an appropriate training package designed.  Training and exercises should be scheduled and conducted on a frequency based on risk for all staff necessary to activate this plan.  This plan can be exercised alongside other individual agency, and multi-agency plans.  Organisations will ensure the appropriate number of staff are available to support the delivery and participate to meet expected outcomes in the above exercises.

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15 Appendix A: Acronyms and Definitions The acronyms below relate to this plan. For more, see the lexicon of UK civil protection terminology at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/emergency-responder-interoperability-lexicon

Acronym Definition BECC Borough Emergency Control Centre BRC British Red Cross BTP British Transport Police CCG Clinical Commissioning Group Critical Drainage Area  a discrete geographic area (usually a hydrological catchment) where multiple and interlinked sources of flood risk (surface water, groundwater, sewer, main CDA river and/or tidal) cause flooding in one or more Local Flood Risk Zones during severe weather thereby affecting people, property or local infrastructure CHS Croydon Health Services NHS Trust CRF Croydon Resilience Forum CUH Croydon University Hospital DRO (Croydon Council) Duty Resilience Officer EA Environment Agency FCP Forward Control Point LA Local Authority LALO Local Authority Liaison Officer LAS London Ambulance Service LBC London Borough of Croydon LESLP London Emergency Services Liaison Panel LFB London Fire Brigade LFRMA Lead Flood Risk Management Authority Local Flood Risk Zone LFRZ  A discrete area of flooding that affects houses, businesses or infrastructure LLFA Lead Local Flood Authority MPS Metropolitan Police Service OOHs Out Of Hours RT (Croydon Council) Resilience Team SLaM South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust

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16 Appendix B: Reservoir Inundation

This appendix is classed as OFFICIAL: SENSITIVE, therefore it is not available to the public.

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17 Appendix C: Flooding Responsibilities

The following are in addition to the roles and responsibilities mentioned throughout the LESLP Manual v9.4.

Police (MPS and BTP)  In the event of the agreed procedures for warning and informing communities at risk not being effective, then, where practicable, assistance will be given.

Fire Brigade  Give assistance with pumping operations, depending on the situation prevailing at the time, priority being given to calls where flooding involves a risk to life, of fire or explosion and to calls from hospitals, residential homes for the elderly, public utilities and food storage depots.  To assist other relevant agencies, particularly the local authority, to minimise the effects of major flooding on the community.

Ambulance  The LAS may become involved in the evacuation of vulnerable persons and supporting the local authority.  It should be noted that the LAS does not possess any waterborne response capability but does have staff trained to work on boats and in some water environments.

Local Authority  Provision of general advice and information in support of the Environment Agency to the public on flood prevention measures and environmental health issues, including encouraging those at potential risk of flooding to sign up to the Environment Agency’s flood alert scheme.  London Boroughs may also provide further assistance to the public if resources permit, i.e. drying- out facilities, provision/filling or placing of sandbags where danger is foreseen.  Joint agency co-ordination of non-life threatening floods and of the recovery phase following a flooding incident.

Transport for London  Undertaking the management and operational continuity of transport infrastructure such as roads and rail and the provision of public transport.  The provision of engineering and plant equipment at the request of the pan London Gold Coordinating Group or affected local authority Golds including the provision/filling or placing of sandbags where danger to life or infrastructure is foreseen.

Environment Agency  Issue Flood Warnings and ensure systems display current flooding information.  Provide information to the public on what they can do before, during and after a flood event.  Work with professional partners and stakeholders and respond to requests for flooding information and updates  Receive and record details of flooding and related information.  Operate water level control structures within its jurisdiction and in line with permissive powers.  Flood event data collection.  Arrange and take part in flood event exercises.  Respond to pollution incidents and advise on disposal.  Assist with the recovery process, for example, by advising on the disposal of silt, attending flood surgeries.

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Utility providers  Attend emergencies relating to their services putting life at risk.  Assess and manage risk of service failure.  Assist with the recovery process, including the management of public health considerations.

Voluntary services  Support rest centres.  Provide practical and emotional support to those affected.  Support transport and communications.

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18 Appendix D: Use of Sandbags

It is a property or business owner’s responsibility to protect their premises from flooding. Sandbags are often used as a way of protecting property from floodwater.

Croydon council does not provide sandbags to the public in the event of flooding. The council may deploy sandbags to locations thought to be at risk of flooding

Sandbags are readily available from builder’s merchants.

The Environment Agency provides guidance on the proper use of sandbags for flood protection. This is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/467902/LIT_3833.pdf

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19 Appendix E: Silver Tactical Coordination Group Agenda This template can be used as an actual agenda, virtual agenda or a checklist for agencies. Croydon Council will secretariat the meeting.

# Item Lead Introductions 1  Record names, roles and contact numbers of all Chair attendees 2 Urgent Business All Situation report on current flood risk 3  River flooding Environment Agency  Surface water flooding Local Authority Potential impact assessment to include  Extent of potential flooding and approximate depth, speed and cause  Request impact maps to be compiled  Vulnerable people and vulnerable site lists  Total number of residents, businesses, transient 4 population in affected area Chair  Critical infrastructure sites within flood zones to be identified  Location of industrial sites in flooded area to be identified  Liaise with utilities on areas of possible/likely disruption Traffic management plan 5 Local Authority - Highways  Potential evacuation routes (pedestrian/road) Location of emergency shelters Local Authority - Resilience 6  As required, clear of risk area Team Flood mitigation methods (sandbags / barriers) Local Authority - Highways 7  Areas currently protected / LFB  Areas requiring protection Public information required  Information to be provided by each agency 8 Media / comms officer  Methods/channels to be used  Media management / press liaison Local Authority - 9 Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Health Local Authority - Public 10 Public Health Issues Health 11 Agency Updates All Horizon Scan 12  Forecasting of weather conditions Chair  Priorities for next phase of incident 13 Any other business All 14 Time & location of next meeting Chair

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20 Appendix F: Evacuation leaflet When needing to be used, copy and paste the text below into a separate word document and update the rest centre location and bus rendezvous location. NOTICE TO HOUSEHOLDER Your property is at risk from flooding.

 This note tells you what to do now and what you have to do if a flood is imminent.  It is essential that you prepare NOW. The better prepared you are, the quicker you can evacuate your home.  If we tell you that flooding is imminent, you MUST follow our instructions and act quickly in the interests of your own safety.

DO THIS NOW 1. Check in with other people in your household - if they are not at home make sure they are somewhere safe. 2. Gather essential items together either upstairs or in a high place. 3. Fill jugs and saucepans with clean water. 4. Pack a small bag with essential belongings – don’t forget any medicines that you might need to take and any important documents that you have. Keep this, together with warm clothes where you can get at them in a hurry 5. Move your family and pets upstairs, or to a high place with a means of escape. 6. Move important items to safety and put flood protection equipment in place 7. Turn off gas, electricity and water supplies when flood water is about to enter your home if safe to do so. DO NOT touch sources of electricity when standing in flood water. 8. Keep listening to local radio for updates or call Floodline 0345 988 1188 9. Check in with vulnerable neighbours or relatives. 10. Flood water can rise quickly, stay calm and reassure those around you. Call 999 if you are in danger.

WHEN WE TELL YOU TO MOVE  Do not argue – we will not tell you to go unless there is no choice and water is about to go through our defences  Leave immediately taking your spare clothing, essential medication and baby care items if you have an infant.

WHAT TO DO WHEN YOU LEAVE  If you have a car go directly to the rest centre shown below and park as directed  If you have no mode of transport, go to the designated rendezvous point where we will have buses waiting to take you to the rest centre.  If you have made alternative arrangement and intend going elsewhere please return this form to the person giving it you with your name and address printed on the back with the address and contact number where we can contact you should we need to.

Your rest centre is …………………………………………….…… Your bus rendezvous point is ……………………….. ………….. THANK YOU FOR YOUR CO-OPERATION

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21 Appendix G: Topography of Croydon

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22 Appendix H: Key Infrastructure Map (with surface water flood risk)

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23 Appendix I: Critical Drainage Areas

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24 Appendix J: Croydon’s Overall Flood Risk

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25 Appendix K: Caterham Bourne Groundwater Flood Alert

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26 Appendix L: Flood Risk from Ground Water

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