FINAL EVALUATION REPORT

“IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND ACCESS TO WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE FOR DROUGHT AFFECTED POPULATIONS IN MASVINGO PROVINCE (MERP)” PROJECT. (BIKITA, CHIVI AND ZAKA DISTRICTS)

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 0 SUBMITTED TO

CARE INTERNATIONAL IN ZIMBABWE 8 Ross Avenue Belgravia, Harare Tel: 263-4-708115 or 708047 Fax: +263 4 708115

By MakConsult Consultancy Pvt Ltd 414 Pomona East Harare Tel: 04-692889 Mobile: +263 772 989 281 E-mail: [email protected] Skype: solomon.makanga September 2017

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 1 Table of Contents List of Figures...... ii List of Tables...... ii List of Acronyms...... iii Executive Summary...... iv 1. Introduction...... 1 2. Project Scope...... 1 2.1. Project Goal...... 1 2.2. Project Objectives...... 1 2.3. Project Sectors and Sub-Sector...... 2 2.3.1. Agriculture and Food Security Sector...... 2 2.3.1.1. Improving Agricultural Production and Food Security Sub-Sector...... 2 2.3.1.2. Livestock Sub-Sector...... 2 2.3.2. Economic Recovery and Market Systems...... 2 2.3.3. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Sector...... 2 2.3.4. Gender...... 3 3. MERP Final Evaluation Methodology...... 4 3.1. Final Evaluation Purpose and Objectives...... 4 3.3. Evaluation Sample...... 4 3.4. Evaluation Limitations...... 5 4. Evaluation Findings...... 6 1.1. Achievement of Planned Targets...... 6 1.2. Agriculture and Food Security...... 6 1.2.1. Improving Agricultural Production and Food Security Sub-Sector...... 6 1.2.2. Livestock Sub-Sector...... 7 1.3. Economic Recovery and Market Systems...... 10 1.3.1. Microfinance Sub-Sector...... 10 1.4. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene...... 11 1.4.1. Water Supply Infrastructure Sub-Sector...... 11 1.4.2. Hygiene Promotion Sub-Sector...... 13 1.5. Gender...... 15 4. Best Practices and Lessons Learnt...... 16 5. Project Implementation Challenges...... 17 6. Conclusions and Recommendations...... 18 6.1. Conclusions...... 18 6.2. Recommendations...... 18 Annexes...... 20 Annex 1: MERP Final Evaluation Terms of Reference...... 20

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page i Annex 2: Project Achievement of Planned Targets...... 25 Annex 3: Key Field Data Collection Tools...... 28 Annex 4: MERP Final Evaluation Work Plan...... 40 Annex 5: List of Some of the People and Officials Met...... 41

List of Figures Figure 1: MERP Final Evaluation Specific Objectives...... 4 Figure 2: Final Evaluation Food Secure Reported Household Percentages...... 7 Figure 3: Farmers Satisfaction Levels with Livestock Dipping Services...... 8 Figure 4: AVS&L Group Member Constructing a Business Shop in Chivi District...... 10 Figure 5: Water Point Sustainability Enhancing Measures...... 12 Figure 6: Household and Community Knowledge on Critical Handwashing Times...... 13 Figure 7: Household/Community Rating of Health and Hygiene Services Provision...... 13 Figure 8: Availability of Household Sanitation and Hygiene Enabling Facilities...... 14 Figure 9: Respondents Last Time of OD Practice...... 15 Figure 10: Gender Distribution of VS&L Groups Management Committees...... 16

List of Tables Table 1: Project Ward Coverage...... 1 Table 2: District Wards Sample Distribution...... 4 Table 3: List of Evaluation Informants...... 5 Table 4: Project Lessons Learnt and Best Practices...... 16 Table 5: Project Implementation Challenges for the respective Sectors and Sub-Sectors...... 17 Table 6: Project Sector Specific Recommendations...... 18

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page ii List of Acronyms AGRITEX Ministry of Agriculture Agricultural Extension Service AEW Agricultural Extension Worker CA Conservation Agriculture CARE Cooperative Assistance for Relief Everywhere CHC Community Health Club CLTS Community Led Total Sanitation DDF District Development Fund DRR Disaster Risk Reduction DWSSC District Water and Sanitation Sub-Committee EHT Environmental Health Technician EMA Environmental Management Agency ERMS Economic Recovery and Market Systems FGD Focus Group Discussion GoZ Government of Zimbabwe KABP Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviours and Practices KII Key Informant Interview MERP Masvingo Emergency Recovery Project MH&CC Ministry of Health and Child Care OD Open Defaecation OFDA Office for Foreign Disaster Assistance O&M Operation and Maintenance PHHE Participatory Health and Hygiene Education Approaches RWIMS Rural WASH Information Management System SanPHHE Sanitation Focused Participatory Health and Hygiene Education Approaches SHC School Health Committee/Coordinator SSI Semi-Structure Interview VHW Village Health Worker VET Veterinary Services VEW Veterinary Extension Worker VPM Village Pump Mechanic VS&L Village Savings and Lending Clubs WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene WPC Water Point Committee

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page iii Executive Summary

The Masvingo El Nino Recover Project was implemented by CARE in Zimbabwe with funding from the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA). The programme/project goal was to provide immediate assistance and recovery to drought affected populations in Masvingo Province through asset (livestock) protection, access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), and improved agricultural production. Specifically, the project aimed to:

 Improve agricultural production and productivity among smallholder farmers in marginal areas prone to drought

 Build household and community economic activities through establishing and strengthening Village Savings and Lending Associations (VS&L).

 Improve WASH practices.

Project implementation covered the wards indicated in the table below from three project districts of Bikita, Chivi and Zaka.

Project District Project Wards Bikita 18, 21, 22, 24, 25, 31. (31 WASH only) Chivi 19, 22, 23, 28 & 32 Zaka 8, 11, 23, 26, 27 & 28 (11WASH only)

Project implementation covered three sectors and a number of respective subsectors as shown in the table below.

Project Sector Sub-Sectors  Improving agricultural production and food security. 1. Agriculture and Food Security  Livestock 3. Economic Recovery and Market Systems  Microfinance.  Water supply infrastructure. 4. WASH  Hygiene promotion 6. Gender 

The evaluation purpose was to assess and provide reliable quantitative and qualitative end-line information on project performance against set parameters (i.e. indicators, goals, short and long-term impact of resilience building on drought affected populations) in the three (3) programming sectors. It also included analysis of intervention’s appropriateness, timeliness, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability. The evaluation methodology involved review of project documents and reports, and administration of a combination of field data collection techniques and tools to project stakeholders at provincial, district, ward, village and project levels. Overall assessment indicated the project performed well above average given the challenges that it faced. Most of the planned project targets were achieved well above the 100% rate (Annex 2). On improving agricultural and food security sub-sector, among other interventions, trained farmers in conservation agriculture (CA), hay bailing and distributed short season varieties of sorghum (sila), cowpeas (CBC2 and IT18), and velvet beans, fertilisers etc. through the voucher system.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page iv Farmers implemented the taught CA techniques and planted the provided seed varieties. Field evidence showed that implementation of these project activities resulted in improved household food security.

Results from this Final Evaluation revealed that fifty-eight percent (58%) of the households reported being food secure at least at the time of the evaluation and into the near future. Further evidence was that more household were food secure up to the next 2017/18 agricultural harvests. Of interest is the aggregate increase in the 32.53% of food secure households until the next harvest time in April 2017/18 harvest. Project progress report also highlighted that, preliminary project assessments had revealed a six (6) month improvement of most targeted household food security.

Under the livestock sub-sector, the project supported rehabilitation of boreholes for livestock watering, dip tanks, trained and equipped forty-five (45) para vets. As a result of the project, community reports were that the frequency and quality of dipping services had improved tremendously. Livestock owners identified with the dipping facilities and felt obliged to sustainably use the infrastructure.

The project achievements in food security were irrespective of the delayed distribution of seeds and other inputs as a result of non-availability of some of them on the local market. The project facilitated the establishment and resuscitation of one and three hundred and twenty (1320) Village Savings and Lending Groups in the project districts’ fifteen wards. VS&L facilitators were selected and trained in VS&L schemes management. The facilitators also trained fellow group members. Key intervention impacts included the growth in portfolio values of the saving clubs upwards of US$130.000.00 at the time of the evaluation. The portfolio value consisted of US$106.000.00 cash and movable and non-movable assets. Other reported benefits included the following:

 Increase household disposable income enabling households to shoulder cost such as school fees, productive and household consumptive needs, avoidance of sale of livestock or other physical assets.  Positive changes in the VS&L group members’ social status, self-esteem, business confidence and lives especially for the female groups’ members.  Women economic empowerment as their contribution to household livelihoods increased.  The existence of savings groups created informal “emergency funds” that enabled members to borrow for urgent expenses without having to sell productive assets or cut expenditure on other essential household expenses such as procurement of agricultural inputs and household meals.

Under the WASH Infrastructure sub-sector, the project rehabilitated sixty-eight (68) boreholes, trained and equipped twelve (12) Village Pump Mechanic (VMPs) and seventy-two (72) Water Point Committees (WPC). Following the rehabilitation of drinking water sources, targeted communities also enumerated the following accrued benefits and satisfaction indicators:  Benefiting communities’ preparedness and willingness to contribute funds and labour for water points O&M costs.  With the presence of trained Pump Minders/ VPMs, the response time to broken down water points was also reported to have been greatly shortened resulting in reduced water point down time.  Timely collection and transparent use of water point fund contributions used for activities such as payment of VPM fees and buying of consumables such as grease.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page v  Stakeholders’ consensus building on issue related to water points management through coordination meetings and follow up activities. Project reports showed that community and school health clubs were either established or revamped. The project trained Ninety (90 Village Health Workers (VHW) and sixteen School Health Coordinators in health and hygiene education/promotion using the Participatory Health and Hygiene Education (PHHE) approaches. Results from this evaluation indictor increased community knowledge of safe health and hygiene behaviours and practices. All project interventions ensured gender representation. An example was the high female representation in WPC as summarised in the figure below.

100 94.3 91.4 91.4 88.6 90 80 70 e s

n 60 o

p 50 s e 40 R 30 % 20 8.9 11.4 10 5.7 5.7 0 Chairpersom Vicw Chairpesron Secreatry Treasurer VS&L Group Management Portifolio

Male Feamle

Project achievement were irrespective of the project encountering the challenges summarised in the table below: Project Challenges for the Respective Project Sectors Improving Agricultural Production & Microfinance Food Security  Delayed procurement and distribution of seeds  Difficulties in making electronic financial and inputs resulting in late planting and crop transaction especially plastic money water logging at very early stages of growth. transactions – Eco cash, swiping, RTGS.  The project reportedly being too packed in  Membership difficulties in raising relation to is timeframe – one year. subscriptions, outstanding subscriptions, fines and loan interests on time. Livestock Water, Sanitation and Hygiene  General farmers’ difficulties in procurement  Household’s inability to afford latrine of livestock drugs that may result in Para Vets construction materials especially cement. redundancy & increased prevalence of  General unwillingness to stop OD given that livestock diseases. the environmental conditions in some areas  Para Vets mobility challenges as they did not are still conducive to OD practice presence of have even bicycles especially where bush cover. transportation of the kit is needed.  High latrine collapsing rates especially due to  No appropriate protective clothing for the para the El Nino effects. vets.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page vi Major lessons learnt, best practices and recommendations from the final evaluation are also summarised in the table below.

Project Best Practices and Lessons Learnt Project Lessons Learnt Improving Agricultural and Food Security Microfinance  VS&L are viable investment channels - "Mukando  Success of farmer groups are based on increased unosimudza marombe kubva muguruwa." group members knowing and understanding of  Strong and successful VS&L groups are made up each other – group cohesion, common goals and of members who know each other, share same commitment levels and investment goals. norms.  Through CA, improved agricultural production is still possible even when one does not own draught power. Livestock Water, Sanitation and Hygiene  Health and hygiene is every community member’s  Livestock supplementary feeding through responsibility and not service providers only. preserved fodder is Vital for livestock survival especially during the drought years. Project Best Practices Improving Agricultural and Food Security Microfinance  Stakeholder consultation and participation. VS&L savings are multi-objective and can be  Use of Lead Framers as local peer educators was invested in a number of business venture in different very effective. sectors other than strictly monetary savings.  Promotion of drought tolerant small grains that are VS&L members’ investment of their dividends and ideal for dry regions with unreliable rainfalls. loans in tangible value addition assets and business ventures incentivised non-members to join. Livestock Water, Sanitation and Hygiene  Capacity building of community based para vet  Capacity building and support to existing and who can work as a linkage mechanism between permanent government approved WASH communities and the veterinary service providers. coordination and management systems and structures rather than establishment of new competing structures and systems. Recommendations Agricultural Production and Food Security Microfinance  Extended future projects support to dam  Continued support in business development to rehabilitation for more livestock drinking options. VS&L members with high potential to graduate  Continued promotion, research and provision of into small scale business operators. more appropriate CA tools.  Continued education of VS&L group members in  Future project to emphasise more trainings and the plastic money concepts. field demonstrations in post-harvest handling and  Promotion of innovative strategies for inclusion of the disadvantaged especially during the disaster management technics. periods e.g. child headed families to effectively participate in VS&L activities. Livestock WASH  Continued and consistent enforcement of animal  Water, sanitation and hygiene projects should movement by-laws as a strategy to manage endeavour to keep abreast with the national spreading of livestock diseases. WASH standards and practices.  Continued farmer training in livestock management especially in the context of repetitive  Encouragement of communities to invest VS&L natural disasters. proceeds in household improved WASH  The need for future interventions to improve the infrastructure. para vets mobility e.g. through provision of bicycles.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page vii CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page viii 1. Introduction Care International in Zimbabwe, with funding from Office for Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA), implemented the “Improving Agricultural Production and Access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Drought Affected Populations in Masvingo Province (MERP)” project in three (3) districts of Bikita, Chivi and Zaka. The project covered fifteen (15) wards i.e. five (5) wards from the respective three (3) project districts. However, three additional wards were later incorporated covering WASH and dip tank rehabilitation in Bikita and Zaka districts respectively. The Table 1 shows the project ward coverage in the respective project Districts.

Table 1: Project Ward Coverage Project District Project Wards Bikita 18, 21, 22, 24, 25, 31 (31. WASH only) Chivi 19, 22, 23, 28 & 32 Zaka 8, 11, 23, 26, 27 & 28 (11WASH only)

A Final Project Evaluation was an integral project design and contractual requirements between CIZ and OFDA. This Final Evaluation was then conducted in September 2017.

2. Project Scope 2.1. Project Goal The programme/project goal was to provide immediate assistance and recovery to drought affected populations in Masvingo Province through asset (livestock) protection, access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), and improved agricultural production.

2.2. Project Objectives Specific project objectives were to:  Improve agricultural production and productivity among smallholder farmers in marginal areas prone to drought  Build household and community economic activities through establishing and strengthening Village Savings and Lending Associations (VS&L).  Improve WASH practices.

In order to address the project goal and objectives, the project design had three (3) project sectors with the respective sub-sectors and planned activities summarised in Section 2.4. a. Agriculture and Food Security. b. Economic Recovery and Market Systems (ERMS) focusing on training a thousand (1000) farmers in VS&L. Four hundred (400) of them were to be newly trained with six hundred (600) being old VS&L clients weakened by the El Nino effects. c. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH).

The project sectors adopted an integrated agricultural and WASH interventions aimed at addressing the El Nino induced droughts immediate and recovery needs. This was to be through engagement of vulnerable smallholder farming households in improving agricultural production through inputs distribution and capacity building in climate smart and conservation agriculture (CA). Community members were to build livestock watering troughs at the rehabilitated water points, produce hay bales and livestock fodder as a response to livestock feed challenges experienced in 2016.

In total, the project targeted 46,345 individuals affected by El Nino induced drought during the 2015/2016 agricultural season.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 1 2.3. Project Sectors and Sub-Sector 2.3.1.Agriculture and Food Security Sector The project was a recovery focused response to the 2015/16 El Nino induced poor agricultural season that had resulted in percentage of food insecure household increasing from 16% to 30% according to January 2016 estimates. The period January to March 2016 2015/16 was reported as the worst lean period in the preceding six years with the closest comparative season being in 2013 (with 25% household food insecurity).

2.3.1.1. Improving Agricultural Production and Food Security Sub-Sector Shortages of key suitable agricultural productive assets and inputs limited agricultural production and productivity. Seeds, fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, and draught power were either available or not unaffordable, especially for households emerging from successive drought agricultural seasons. Use of retained seeds became common practice and compounded the challenges. Many farmers continued to use seed varieties characterized by low yields, susceptibility to pests and disease, and vulnerability to drought and more than forty percent (40%) of farmer crop yields were also lost through post- harvest handling and storage losses.

2.3.1.2. Livestock Sub-Sector According to the Humanitarian Response Plan for Zimbabwe, cumulative livestock deaths as a result of the drought stood at 24,3291. In the project districts of Bikita, Chivi and Zaka, 266, 274 and 356 animals succumbed to drought respectively. On a scale ranging from very poor to very good, in all the districts, livestock condition was classified as very poor, largely due to shortage of water and fodder. This increased livestock exposure to a plethora of diseases. The value of livestock and household ability to maintain healthy assets and capital was negatively affected as Masvingo Province recorded the lowest cattle prices: an average of USD 284 (the average across the 8 provinces is USD 326). Lowest cattle prices were recorded in Chivi District at approximately USD 80.

The project was therefore to adopt a holistic intervention in water accessibility for livestock and increased veterinary services interventions to prevent further livestock numbers slipping into poor health.

2.3.2.Economic Recovery and Market Systems 2.3.2.1. Microfinance Sub-Sector The El Nino induced drought had a negative impact on the functionality and viability of Village Savings and Lending (VS&L) schemes in the target districts, as members focused their attention on immediate household food security needs.

The project aimed at establishing new and resuscitate existing VS&L groups mainly through training.

2.3.3.Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Sector 2.3.3.1. Water Supply Infrastructure Sub-Sector As the effects of the El Nino took its toll, drinking water became acute. Households were forced to rely on unprotected sources and probability of WASH related health risks increased. Communities were to rely on more distant sources that posed risks in particular for women and children. According to the Government of Zimbabwe’s (GoZ) Rural WASH Information Management System (RWIMS), seventy-five (75) of the five hundred and sixty eighty communal (568) boreholes in Bikita District were non-functional; in Chivi District, sixty-two (62) of the four hundred and ninety-six (496) were non-functional; and Zaka had forty-five (45) non-functional boreholes out of the district total of four hundred and thirteen (413) boreholes.

1Humanitarian Response Plan, Zimbabwe, April 2016, https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/zimbabwe

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 2 Borehole repair and rehabilitation was therefore one of the key planned project activities.

2.3.3.2. Hygiene Promotion Sub-Sector Hygiene promotion was at the centre of WASH programming as provision of clean and safe drinking water and sanitation facilities would significantly contribute to achievement of the desired health benefits. The project adopted the Participatory Health and Hygiene Education (PHHE) approach: an approach that offers enhanced opportunity for effective stakeholder WASH planning cycle.

2.3.4.Gender Climate change impacts such as drought, reduced food and water security, affect women and men differently with the poorest being the most vulnerable. Women are also disproportionately affected, and yet they play a crucial role in climate change adaptation and mitigation actions. Involving women and men in decision-making processes on climate change action is a significant factor in achieving long-term ‘positive’ climate change resilience.

Results from CARE gender analysis in Bikita, Chivi and Zaka districts were that projects should introduce and facilitate field trials of woman friendly and labour-saving technologies in agricultural production practices and post-harvest handling and processing. This was to be addressed under the Conservation Agriculture (CA) training sub-sector. The project also focused on rehabilitating centrally located water sources accessible to majority of community members, especially women and girls. Women and girls were also best targeted as they are usually responsible for household chores that need water.

This project also strived to address issues of control and access to resources by targeting women through activities aimed at agricultural production and VS&L activities. Additionally, project monitoring ensured minimal vulnerability and risk to the local community especially rural vulnerable women.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 3 3. MERP Final Evaluation Methodology

The evaluation methodology was based on the understanding that project stakeholders for the respective project sectors/components operated at different levels of project implementation and performed different but complimenting roles and responsibilities. Consequently, evaluation informant where drawn from national, provincial, district, ward, village and household levels.

3.1. Final Evaluation Purpose and Objectives

The evaluation purpose was to assess and provide reliable quantitative and qualitative end-line information on project performance against set parameters (i.e. indicators, goals, short and long-term impact of resilience building on drought affected populations) in the three (3) programming sectors. It also included analysis of intervention’s appropriateness, timeliness, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability. Figure 1 summarises the specific evaluation objectives.

Figure 1: MERP Final Evaluation Specific Objectives

To capture main lessons from the project implementation for future programming.

To documents & produce success stories per sector. To To come up with assess the appropriateness, practical efficiency, effectiveness, Specific recommendations for impact, and sustainability of objectives: replication of the the programme in the three programme in different targeted districts as per the context of the country below guiding questions. To document lessons learnt and provide recommendations on how to improve programming of similar emergency projects in future.

The final evaluation therefore focused on project results and impacts on the different project target groups. 3.3. Evaluation Sample The evaluation sample covered two wards and two villages per district. Table 3 representative the sample villages

Table 2: District Wards Sample Distribution Wards Selection by Performance Rating District Wards Chivi 19, 22, 24. Zaka 8 & 23 Bikita 18, 19, 21 & 31

Field data collection was through administration of the following data collection tool: FGD and KII interview guides, semi-structured questionnaires (SSI), observation checklists and case study guides.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 4 Two (2) four-member (4) field data collection teams were deployed in the respective enumeration areas/villages.

Percentage reach of some of the key evaluation informants is summarised in Table 3.

Table 3: List of Evaluation Informants Targeted Reached % Reach Provincial Level2 5 4 80% Farmers - Agriculture 80 45 56.3% Para Vets 12 5 41.7% Target Household – WASH. 40 14 35% Informant Household Checklist - Health 40 6 15% s School Heath Coordinators 15 4 26.7% School Health Members – students. 63 4 66.7% School Observation Checklist. 15 4 26.7% VS&L Group Members 40 37 92.5%

3.4. Evaluation Limitations According to the evaluation team assessment of the process especially the data collection phase, there were very minimal limitations. This was mainly attributed to the close cooperation between CARE project staff and the consulting team members. The evaluation teams were escorted and led by CARE project staff to all the enumeration wards and village.

The only small challenge was the delayed departure from station and early departure from the field to meet the CARE vehicle use policies and rules that required vehicles to depart station earliest 6am and latest parking time being 6pm. However, this was communicated prior to field work. In some cases, community based informants were informed in advance and tended to gather at central points. This affected planned administration of some data collection tools such as the Homestead Observation Checklist that required evaluators’ visits to individual homesteads.

The respective informant target setting was therefore too ambitious.

2 Provincial informants were drawn from Government Ministries and Departments heads 3 These were FGD sessions.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 5 4. Evaluation Findings Evaluation findings are presented following the project sector and sub-sectors. The first section presents project achievements versus the planned targets.

1.1. Achievement of Planned Targets Review of project documents (progress reports) and discussions with project staff revealed high percentage rates achievements of the planned projects targets (Annex 1). The information also revealed that females constituted the majority of the beneficiaries in most of the planned project interventions. This was well in compliance with the project promotion of gender parity in project target group and beneficiaries. However, the evaluation team felt that the project could have made efforts to include and promote youth participation.

1.2. Agriculture and Food Security The agriculture production and food security subsector, aimed to enhance the El Nino affected households’ capacity to recover from the negative impacts of the 2015/16 poor agricultural seasons. The major expected project results were to increase household resilience capacity to future natural disasters. The major expected impact indicators were: increased number food secure household and increased community resilience to negative impacts of natural disasters. Key planned activities included provision of improved drought resistant seed varieties i.e. sorghum and cowpeas varieties and improving the household livelihood options i.e. through improved livestock management practices.

1.2.1.Improving Agricultural Production and Food Security Sub-Sector A short seasoned and drought resistant sorghum (Sila) and two cow peas’ varieties (CBC2 and IT18) were distributed to farmers through the voucher system. Framers redeemed the vouchers with selected community based Agro-Dealers and received the inputs upon payment of US$1 for the respective seed packages. The US$1.00 fee was just an arbitrary figure to incentivise to the agro-dealers and a part contribution to the storage costs.

Results from households and community discussions revealed that irrespective of the challenges faced by the farmers (late delivery, distribution and receipt of sorghum, and cowpeas seeds, susceptibility of the cowpeas varieties especially the IT18 variety, to witch weed and aphids, leaching due to excessive rains etc.), farmers realised increased agricultural production that improved their household food security levels.

Although local farmers still reported their plans to continue growing their traditional crop types and varieties (maize, millet, rapoko, mbambara nuts, ground nuts, sorghum, cow peas), reports were that farmers had also accepted the suitability of the project introduced sorghum and cow peas varieties especially CBC2 variety, as results from the previous harvest (2016/17 agricultural seasons) were promising. The introduction of the new cow peas varieties was reported to have significantly improved yields. One farmer reported a tone cow pea’s harvest. He indicated that, this was more than any production level ever since he started growing cowpeas.

In terms of sorghum, farmers reported a marked positive difference in yields per unit area of cropping between the projects supplied variety (Sila) and the retained farmer varieties. The new sorghum variety was reportedly characterized by better yields. Farmers also reported improved household food security as a result of the introduction of new sorghum and cowpeas varieties.

The base line report highlighted that at the time of the assessment (August - July 2016), 27.8% of the sample households had no food reserves and the rest had 2.5 months supplies. This meant 27.8% household had food supplies lasting four months (April 2016 to July 2016)

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 6 Results from this Final Evaluation revealed that fifty-eight percent (58%) of the households reported being food secure at least at the time of the evaluation. Further evidence was that more household were food secure up to the next 2017/18 agricultural harvests as illustrated in Figure 3.

Figure 2: Final Evaluation Food Secure Reported Household Percentages

% Households Reporting being Food Security e r

u 30

c 25.9 e S 25 d o o

F 20

d

e 14.8 t

r 15

o 11.1 11.1 p e 10 R 7.4 7.4 7.4

d l

o 5 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 h e s

u 0 o

H Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 Jul-18 Sep-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 % Household Food Secure Time Frame in Months

Of interest is the aggregate increase in the 32.53% of food secure households until the 2017/18 harvest – April 2017/18. Project progress report also highlighted that, preliminary project assessments had revealed a six (6) month improvement of most targeted household food security.

Other informants reported benefits from the new seed varieties were that, one of the IT18 cowpeas variety provided excellent mulching, thereby preserving moisture levels and its broader leaves provided relish. Processing and storage for dry periods use of the IT18 cowpeas leaves into dried relish was viewed as part of the household food security measures.

Reports were that the retained sorghum and cowpeas in form of seed banks were going to enable farmers to plant timely and improve their opportunity to effectively evaluate the suitability of the varieties to local conditions during the 2017/18 agricultural season.

Farmers also attributed the improvements in agricultural production and productivity to capacity building in conservation agriculture (CA) that enabled households without adequate draught power to plant on time. Furthermore, application of fertilisers or manure was reportedly very economic compared to the traditional broadcasting methods. Framers were also trained in post-harvest handling and management practices. However, the CARE highlighted that due to budgetary constraints it could not support establishment of the post harvesting handling and management demonstration sites.

However, it is important to note that farmers had concerns with the reported non-productivity of the IT18 cowpeas variety. Reports were that most farmers didn’t realise any harvest from this variety. Some even complained that perhaps they were not given adequate information on whether, its distribution was to boost relish availability or it was just unsuitable to the local conditions.

Although CARE reported lack of financial resources to support post-harvest handling demonstrations, farmers maintained their recommendation that future projects and programmes should make efforts include the improved post-harvest handling and management technologies demonstrations.

Furthermore, the evaluation team recommends that the project agronomist explains to the farmers the issues concerning the poor yielding IT18 cowpeas variety. Recommendations also included the need for future projects and programmes focus on developing business linkages between the Agro-Dealers and the sorghum and cowpeas seed producers. Agro-Dealer linkages with the seed producers will

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 7 constitutes part of the local strategy for wider farmer adoption of the varieties and sustainability concerns.

1.2.2.Livestock Sub-Sector The MERP promoted and supported the following livestock development services and interventions as part of the recovery strategies from the El Nino induced impacts on livestock development:  Dip tanks rehabilitation.  Boreholes rehabilitation for livestock watering (down the holes components replacement and construction of headworks especially water troughs).  Training and equipping of community based Para Vets.  Framer training in fodder banks and Stover making and preservation. Project progress reports indicated that a total of seven (7) dip tanks were rehabilitated across the three (3) project districts i.e. Bikita 1, Chivi 2 and four (4) in Zaka respectively. The valuation findings indicated that 85.4% of the responding households’ representatives were satisfied with the cattle dipping services following the dip tank rehabilitation activities. Farmers’ satisfaction levels are summarised in Figure 4.

Figure 3: Farmers Satisfaction Levels with Livestock Dipping Services. 85.4 81 80 60 50 50 50 50 40 19 20 4.5 0 e s n o p s e R

%

Dipping Service Assessment Creteria

Yes No

The other articulated benefits from dip tank rehabilitation included reduction in evaporation of dip tank water, reduced loss of dipping chemicals as the dripping water from livestock easily flow back into the dip tank, availability of livestock vaccination facilities. Improved dipping services was also reported to have increased farmer motivation to participate in dip tank development issues. The project also aimed to improve livestock feed availability and nutritional values as a recovery and long-term response to other probable natural disaster. In fact, findings from the baseline survey revealed that 27% of livestock deaths were due to drought induced poor grazing conditions and drinking water shortage. In an effort to improve the grazing conditions and fodder/stover availability, the project trained a total of six

A borehole with a cattle trough for CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report livestock watering Page 8 hundred and eighty (680) targeted lead farmers in fodder bank making and management and issued them with fodder variety seeds. Six hundred and eighty (680) fodder bank plots were subsequently planted. Farmer discussion and projects reports also noted that due to a combination of factors that included late distribution of the fodder seed and huge demand for the seed, the project strategically focused on building fodder seed banks. Plans were afoot that during the coming season (2017/18), the harvested seed will be distributed to more individual household farmers. However, it is important to note that majority of the households maintained their traditional fodder banks constituted by maize stock. Stover from ground nuts leaves was also being popularised. The project also aimed at improved management of livestock diseases. Report from the baseline study showed prevalence of livestock diseases. Farmers reported 45.2% and 21% prevalence of foot and mouth, and black leg respectively. Besides rehabilitation of dip tanks, the project also appointed, trained and equipped with a veterinary kit. Forty-five (45) community based Para Vets. At the time of the final evaluation (September 2017) a number of para vets had and some were still receiving the veterinary kits. The delayed distribution of the para vets’ kits was mainly due to challenges related to offshore procurement of the kits as local prices were exorbitant and unaffordable. Although the para vets had had no opportunity to fully demonstrate their capability as they had been trained recently, communities were very expectant of para vets’ potential contribution to livestock development in their areas of operation. In fact, 62.5% of the respondents confirmed their awareness and presence of the para vets with 77.8% being optimistic that the para vets will make valuable contribution to livestock disease management in their operational areas. However, the Department of Veterinary Services raised a couple of concerns on the selection, appointment and operational modalities of the para vets. The department complained of non-involvement in the para vets’ selection and appointment processes. Furthermore, the department felt that the current dip attendants were most ideal for appointment as para vets. Another key concern was the inclusiveness of veterinary equipment in the para vet tool kits. The argument was that some of the included instruments were too sophisticated and their use were outside the operational limits and ability of the lowly trained and inexperienced para vets. The departmental position was that the para vets could not competently diagnose and treat animals, yet the tool kits contained livestock treatment equipment. The departmental considered position was that the tool kits contents need trimming so that only what the para vets came use is left The veterinary departmental position was irrespective of available written evidence confirming that during a (Veterinary Extension Workers (VEWs) training in Bikita District in March 2017, the VEWs facilitated the identification of the kit list of tools and this was agreed as standard. Furthermore, CARE explained to the Veterinary Department Provincial senior officials the project donor position and regulations to give project material and equipment to benefitting communities. It is the consultants’ recommendation that CARE project management staff should dialogue with the Department of Veterinary Services with the objective of reaching a consensus and amicable way forward on this issue. It is important to note that operationally para vets are and will continue being accountable to the Department. Amicable resolution of the issue will therefore ensure para vets departmental support and continued operation - sustainability of their operations.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 9 1.3. Economic Recovery and Market Systems The economic recovery and market systems sector aimed at improving farmers’ disposable income as a means to enhance their capacity to respond to future natural disasters. Possible coping strategies would include the increased capacity to rely on family income in procurement of critical inputs such as agricultural inputs, supplementary feeding during droughts, general household assets acquisitions etc. 1.3.1.Microfinance Sub-Sector Promotion of community based microfinance schemes was part of the integral project design. One hundred and fifty-two (152) VS&L groups with an approximate total membership of a thousand and three hundred and twelve (1312), were either formed or resuscitated, VS&L community based facilitators were capacitated to assist the savings groups with technical advice in their daily operations of their respective saving groups. Key demonstrable successes of the VS&L sub- sector included improved lives of the members, their immediate family members and communities at large through activities such as household acquisition of assets and opportunities - scotch cart, expanded business operations and operating premises and capital base. Figure 4: AVS&L Group Member Model success case studies include a group that Constructing a Business Shop in Chivi was reported to have procured five (5) scotch carts District for its members. It is important to note that a scotch cart is one of the key household assets that can enhance household agricultural activities. One group member was reported to have expanded his operating space and stock through dividends from VS&L activities. Growth in portfolio values of the saving clubs were reported to have grown upwards of US$130.000.00 at the time of the evaluation. This is over and above the V&SL groups’ non-monetary movable and non-movable assets. Other reported benefits included the following:

 Increase household disposable income that ultimately enabled households to shoulder cost such as school children fees, productive and household consumptive needs, avoidance of sale of livestock or other physical assets.  Positive changes in the VS&L group members’ social status, self-esteem, business confidence and lives of female members. Women access to and opportunity to accumulate savings and household assets as well as increased contribution to household livelihoods were also economic empowerment incentives.  The existence of savings groups created informal “emergency funds” that enabled members to borrow for urgent expenses without having to sell productive assets or cut expenditure on other essential expenses such as procurement of agricultural inputs and household meals.

While the project logic was to support VS&L schemes to leverage the agricultural components for sustained household and community food security, the evaluation team noted that the VS&L component was not implemented in all project wards. Some wards were excluded in Bikita District.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 10 In terms of future implementation of similar interventions, there is need to further explore VS&L activities potential to Case Study: Mrs C. Singadi compliment other food security focused Mrs Christina Singadi is 58 years from interventions such as farmer field schools, Muzvidziwa Village, Ward 22 of Chivi District. agricultural commodity marketing groups She joined Tapfuma Savings and Lending Club in and health clubs. As the VS&L schemes 2015. The group started with 10 members. At the grow in numbers and operational terms, time she joined the group, she was a mere house future projects or programmes need to wife married to a subsistence farmer with no explore and put emphasis on VS&L, tangible assets. The savings and lending club microfinance institutions (MFI) and formal objective was to enable club members to raise banks business linkages as well as their money for kitchen utensils. With time, the savings graduation to higher level business forms. were extended to school fees and purchasing of livestock for the group members on a rotational basis. The initial member subscription was monthly US$10.00 subscription and a US$5.00 joining fee. The current effort through the SACCOs Monthly, two selected members would be paid needs to be complimented and future $30.00 for purchase of kitchen utensils. The project should encouraged to join the remaining monthly subscription balance would be SACCOS lent to needy members at 10% interest for one month or to non-members at 20% per month. By so doing the club managed to raise more capital.

An illustrative example of a maturing and As the club activities progressed and group savings graduating VS&L group was met in Chivi significant increased, the group decided to engage District, which at the time of the evaluation, in income generating projects starting with poultry had registered as a cooperative engaged in project in August 2016. They negotiated market livestock buying and selling. with local food outlets at Chishave Business Centre and Chivi Growth Point as well as Berejena High School. They supplied 50 dressed birds weekly. The positive impacts of the VS&L schemes were in fact summarised by one VS&L With increasing savings, the club reviewed the member who remarked that "Mukando monthly member dividends to US$800.00 each. unosimudza marombe kubva Mrs Singadi invested her dividends and ran her muguruwa" – translated to means own poultry (“road runner”) project parallel to the “VS&L scheme have the potential to group operations. She secured market of the “road uplift the members lives from ruggies to runners” in Masvingo and Gweru where she sold riches.” an average of 100 birds per month at an average price of $8.00 per bird.

The quoted case study of Mrs. Christina In March 2017 project members were trained in Singadi further demonstrates the huge record keeping, bookkeeping, constitution making VS&L potential. and adherence from the MERP project. Mrs Singadi used the gained business management knowledge to expand her project. Form the club 1.4. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene dividends and profits she managed to buy a scotch cart. In June 2017 she bought a grinding mill where Project support to WASH activities was two workers are employed – a cashier and grinding meant to improve household and mill operator. She is now also a proud owner of a community safe water and sanitation supplies for improved health and hygiene practices. The project was to work and collaborate with the District Water Supply and Sanitation Sub- Committees (DWSSC) and Government Ministries and Departments that offered specialised WASH services. These were inclusive of the Ministry of Health and Child Care (MOH&CC) (Hygiene promotion) and the District Development Fund (DDF) (water supplies O&M services).

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 11 The sector comprised of water supply infrastructure development and hygiene promotion. 1.4.1.Water Supply Infrastructure Sub-Sector Review of project progress reports indicated that the project aimed to rehabilitate already existing boreholes through rehabilitation of down the hole components and headworks. The headworks consisted mainly of cattle troughs. Besides household safe drinking water, the water sources were also meant to support livestock watering especially during drought periods and where perennial sources were distant. As highlighted earlier a total of sixty-eight (68) boreholes of the targeted sixty (60) were successfully rehabilitated. The project also registered major success in resuscitating or establishing new water points operation and maintenance (O&M) systems as a sustainability strategy and demonstration of the project relevance. Communities received training in Community Based Management (CBM) of WASH facilities as a strategy to enhance their sustainable. Figure 8 summarises some of the water point users’ evaluation of the water point operation, maintenance and management systems.

Figure 5: Water Point Sustainability Enhancing Measures

Project effectiveness was demonstrated through reported reduced water point down time following the selection, appointment, training and equipping of Village Pump Mechanics (VPM) in water point O&M skills and tools. Following the rehabilitation of drinking water sources, targeted communities also enumerated the following accrued benefits and satisfaction indicators:  Benefiting communities’ preparedness and willingness to contribute funds and labour for water points O&M costs.  With the presence of trained Pump Minders/ VPMs, the response time to broken down water points was also reported to have been greatly shortened resulting in reduced water point down time.  Timely collection and transparent use of water point fund contributions used for activities such as payment of VPM fees and buying of consumables such as grease.  Stakeholders’ consensus building on issue related to water points management through coordination meetings and follow up activities. Based on the above account, it can be concluded that under the trying operating environment, the project scored remarkable achievements and the sub-sector impacts were visible. Sustainability strategies were developed to ensure continued water sources functionality and access to the related benefits. Project implementation strategy also adopted the national WASH sector O&M strategies in compliance with the national standard practices and guideline, thereby increasing project relevance.

Text Box 1: Chigughu Gear for handwashing after using the toilet 1.4.2.Hygiene Promotion Sub-Sector As a response to the impact of the El Nino induced disaster and the possible health and hygiene risks, the project’s

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 12 health and hygiene education sub-sector aimed at increased household and community health and hygiene knowledge level on key risk behaviours and practices. Project interventions to improved household, communities’ and schools’ hygiene knowledge, attitudes, behaviours and practices (KABP) involved promotion and capacity building of the following health and hygiene service providers i.e. Village Health Workers, Community and School Health Coordinators. New or resuscitated Community and Schools Health Clubs were also promoted. The community health and hygiene education service providers (VHW and School Health Coordinators) were trained in and employed Participatory Health and Hygiene Education (PHHE) approaches. Findings from household interviews (Figure 5) showed increased community knowledge on safe health and hygiene behaviours measured by community knowledge on the five critical hand washing times.

Figure 6: Household and Community Knowledge on Critical Handwashing Times s e

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These positive health and hygiene behaviour changes could be attributed to general reported improved health and hygiene education. Results from household interviews revealed household and community satisfaction rating of health and hygiene service provision as illustrated in Figure 6.

Figure 7: Household/Community Rating of Health and Hygiene Services Provision 91.3 90 76.1 69.6 71.7

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Discussions with project informants and review of project documents also indicated that the impact of health and hygiene service providers partly contributed to the increased access to and use of safe

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 13 sanitation and hygiene services as shown by the higher WASH enabling facilities coverage rates (Figure 7).

Figure 8: Availability of Household Sanitation and Hygiene Enabling Facilities 90

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However, it was the consultants concern that the project used the PHHE approaches which had been overtaken by recent development in the national Health and Hygiene Education approaches that now focused on Sanitation Focused PHHE (SanPHHE) - a local brand of the Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approaches. The new approach (SanPHHE) is behaviour change focused whereas the PHHE approach was knowledge focused. The shortfalls of the PHHE approaches as a knowledge and not behaviour change focused approach were also evident from the finding that although communities demonstrated high knowledge levels of safe sanitation and hygiene practices (Figure 9), open defaecation (OD) continued. Eighty percent of the household respondents confirmed presence of household practicing OD in their respective communities. Results also showed that 43.9% of the respondents had practiced OD on the day the interview was conducted (Figure 9). Reasons for continued OD practice were varied and included the following that needed attention in future similar programming.  Absence of household toilet and communities unwilling to share facilities.  Getting pressed when away and one could not travel back home. The causing errands included being away for firewood collection, going to church, or visiting household/areas without latrines.  Household lack of knowledge on the importance of owning and consistent latrine use.  Households’ failure to raise funds for construction of new, replacement of filled up/collapsed latrines or when own household latrine is under construction.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 14 50 43.9 43.9 45 40 35 30 e t

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20 % 15 10 7.3 4.9 5 0 Today About a Week A month ago Cant Remember Time Frame Since Last OD Practice

Figure 9: Respondents Last Time of OD Practice

Furthermore, although the project was a response to a natural disaster, the low household coverage rates in WASH services, the general absence at household and school level of facilities that address needs of the following special population groups was worrisome:  Mensural hygiene management (MHM) needs (34.5%).  Children in needy (17.4%).  Disabled (17.4%)  The elderly (17.4%). It is important to note that information from CARE was that although the organisation was aware and had the capacity to implement the SanPHHE approaches, due budgetary constraints, the project could not adopt and implement the approaches. It is the consultants; recommendations that future similar projects should take note of the following:  The need to keep abreast with national WASH sector approaches, guidelines and priorities.  The need to attend to the WASH needs of the disadvantages.  The need for proportional project attention to both soft and hardware components is also critical for future similar project and programmes. 1.5. Gender The project aimed to address issues of control and access to resources by targeting women under the agricultural production and VSL activities. Findings from the field consultations and review of project documents indicated that the project was consistent in its effort to ensure gender considerations. Majority of the VS&L management committee office bearers were female (Figure 10) Interviews with households’ representatives indicated that fifty-eighty percent (58%) of the WPC members, forty-five percent (45%) of VHW, ninety-one percent (91%) of the VS&L group members were female. Sixty-seven percent (67%) also felt that there was a general increase in VS&L Group membership across all sector of VS&L groups’ operation. Some of the major project impacts as a result of increased VS&L promotion included the following:  Increased VS&L group membership that was confirmed by 63% of the respondents.  Sixty-six percent (66%) confirmed increased membership contributions to VS&L groups.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 15  Increased VS&L savings portfolio was confirmed by eighty-six percent (86%) of the respondents.  Seventy-nine percent (79%) of the respondents confirmed decreased loans write-off rates.

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Figure 10: Gender Distribution of VS&L Groups Management Committees

4. Best Practices and Lessons Learnt Project informants highlighted a variety of best practices and lessons learnt for the respective sub- sectors as summarised in Table 4.

Table 4: Project Lessons Learnt and Best Practices Project Best Practices and Lessons Learnt Project Lessons Learnt Improving Agricultural and Food Security Microfinance  The strong potential of VS&L investment  The positive impacts and effectiveness of channels - "Mukando unosimudza marombe conservation agriculture such as zero tillage kubva muguruwa." farming.  Strong and successful VS&L groups are made  Success of CA techniques depends on availability up of members who know each other and of abundant labour force. share the same commitment levels and  Success of farmer groups are based on increased investment goals – group cohesion. group members knowing and understanding of each other – group cohesion.  Small grains are ideal for dry regions especially when short varieties are timely planted.  Through CA, improved agricultural production is still possible even when one does not necessarily have draught power. Livestock Water, Sanitation and Hygiene  The importance of one maintaining safe health and  Importune of livestock supplementary feeding hygiene behaviours and practices – personal, through preserved fodder. household and environmental hygiene.  Health and hygiene is every community member’s  Practicing of recommended livestock responsibility and not service providers only. management practices are an important factor to livestock development and production. Project Best Practices Improving Agricultural and Food Security Microfinance

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 16 Project Best Practices and Lessons Learnt  Community participation. VS&L savings are multi-objective and can be  Use of local peer educators in form of Lead invested in a number of business venture in different Framers. sectors other than strictly savings.  Promotion of locally accessible Agro-dealers for VS&L members’ investment of their dividends and timely available of agricultural inputs supplies. loans in tangible value addition assets and business  Promotion of drought tolerant small grains that are ventures incentivises non-members to join. ideal for dry regions with unreliable rainfalls. Small VS&L groups are easier to manage and improve effective interpersonal relations. The use and consistent adherence to the provisions of VS&L constitutions. Livestock Water, Sanitation and Hygiene  Provision of veterinary kits for livestock diseases  The use of PHHE approaches that promoted all management. stakeholders’ participation.  Appointment of a community based para vet who  Capacity building and support to existing and can work as a linkage mechanism between permanent government approved WASH communities and the veterinary service providers. coordination and management systems and structures rather than establishment of new competing structures and systems.  The use and consistent adherence to the provisions of WPC constitutions.

5. Project Implementation Challenges Project implementation challenges differed from one sector or subsectors to the other. Table 6 summarises some of the key challenges for the respective sectors and sub-sectors.

Table 5: Project Implementation Challenges for the respective Sectors and Sub-Sectors Project Challenges for the Respective Project Sectors Improving Agricultural Production & Microfinance Food Security  Late distribution of inadequate seeds and  Difficulties in making electronic financial inputs resulting in late planting and crop water transaction especially plastic money logging at very early stages of growth. transactions – Eco cash, swiping, RTGS.  Difficulties in mobilisation of other partners’  Membership difficulties to raise subscriptions, participation as the project was reported to collection of outstanding subscriptions, fines offer comparatively poor incentives especially and loan interests on time. absence of T&S allowances.  Infrequent holding of management meetings.  Farmers without cattle challenge in accessing  Being non-multiskilled to venture into other cow manure for zero tillage. business sector.  The project was too packed in relation to its  Difficulties in comprehension of VS&L issues timeframe – one year. e.g. concept & justification of loan interest rates especially the elderly.  Possible negative impacts on the values of saving from the generally unstable national economy. Livestock Water, Sanitation and Hygiene  General farmers’ difficulties in procurement  Households’ inability to afford latrine of livestock drugs that may result in Para Vets construction materials especially cement. redundancy & increased prevalence of  Households and communities’ failure to livestock diseases. understand and appreciate the importance and  Para Vets mobility challenges as they did not health benefits from latrine ownership and have even bicycles especially where consistent use. transportation of the kit is needed.  General unwillingness to stop OD given that  No appropriate protective clothing for the para the environmental conditions in some areas vets. are still conducive to OD practice.  General unwillingness to change health and

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 17 Project Challenges for the Respective Project Sectors hygiene behaviours.  High latrine collapsing rates.  Difficulties in accessing water for brick moulding.

6. Conclusions and Recommendations 6.1. Conclusions Irrespective of the challenges encountered in project implementation such as the offshore procurement and subsequent late delivery of project inputs, the project managed to record successes in achievement of planned targets (Annex 1). Furthermore, farmers and households’ members largely adopted the project promoted agricultural practices, VS&L schemes and improved health and hygiene knowledge. Benefits also accrued at individual household, group and community levels. 6.2. Recommendations Following close analysis of informant contributions during interviews and discussions as well as review of project literature, the following overall recommendations are proffered.  Future programming of similar projects and programmes need clarity on the definition and conceptualisation of food security and what it constitutes. There is need to adopt comprehensive and inclusive definitions that address issues of production in relation to food availability; distribution in that the produce should be accessed by all; consumption in the sense that individual food needs are met in order for that individual to be active and healthy, demand and supply issues etc.  There is need for a more elaborated project/programme “Theory of Change/Theoretical Framework” to make assessment of project performance less cumbersome.  There is need to ensure effective participation of youth in similar projects and programmes.  There is need to engage the Department of Veterinary Services and address their concerns about the para vets, lest project gains can easily be eroded. Specific recommendation for the respective project sub-sector are summarised in Table 6.

Table 6: Project Sector Specific Recommendations Agricultural Production and Food Security Microfinance  Ned to promote early maturing varieties.  Support inn business development to VS&L  Extended support to dam rehabilitation for more members with high potential to graduate into small livestock drinking options. scale business operators.  Need for short season sorghum varieties.  VS&L group members’ awareness of the plastic  More alternative agricultural practices that ensure money concepts and their operational modalities. food security and community response to natural  Need some incentives for more people to join VS&L schemes e.g. promotional and visibility disasters. materials like T-shirts  More appropriate CA tools.  Innovative strategies for inclusion of the  Increased support from Agritex. disadvantaged especially child headed families to  More trainings and field demonstrations in post- effectively participate in VS&L activities. harvest handling and management technics.

Livestock WASH  Enhancing enforcement of animal movement by-  Targeted subsidies for the disadvantaged. laws.  More health and hygiene education sessions.  Increase dipping facilities.  Door to door campaigns for community members  Increase livestock management trainings activities. to join and participate in CHC.  Make livestock medicines readily available in  Promotion of holding health competitions. communities.  Protection of all water points through fencing.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 18  Need to improve Para Vet mobility e.g. provision  Similar project should keep abreast with the of bicycles. national WASH standards and practices.  Pre- project formulation stakeholder consultative forums for improved stakeholder motivation.  Encourage communities to invest VS&L proceeds  Emphasis on the importance of adopting new in household improved WASH infrastructure. technologies.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 19 Annexes Annex 1: MERP Final Evaluation Terms of Reference

Terms of Reference for OFDA Terms of Reference for the final Evaluation of the “Improving Agricultural Production and Access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Drought Affected Populations in Masvingo Province (MERP)” project. 1. Background Care International in Zimbabwe (CIZ) is an International non-governmental, humanitarian organisation dedicated to the reduction of suffering and working towards the ultimate elimination of extreme poverty in the world’s poorest countries. CIZ has been working in Zimbabwe since 1992, when it responded to extreme food shortage caused by the 1992 drought. The organisation later moved into a number of interventions which included, early recovery, and long-term development programming across the country. CIZ has been implementing the USAID/OFDA-funded project: Improving Agricultural Production and Access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Drought Affected Populations in Masvingo Province (MERP). The goal of the Project is to “Provide immediate assistance and recovery to drought affected populations in Masvingo Province through asset (livestock) protection, access to water, sanitation and hygiene, and improved agricultural production” Project activities are covering three (3) main sectors which are: 1. Agriculture and Food Security, 2. Economic Recovery and Market Systems (ERMS) 3. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)

The specific objectives of the project are as follows  Improve agricultural production and productivity among smallholder farmers in marginal areas prone to drought  Build household and community economic activities through establishing and strengthening Village Savings and Lending Associations.  Improve water, sanitation and hygiene practices

The project is targeting 46,345 individuals affected by El Nino induced drought in the 2015/2016 agricultural season. ZimVac assessment in 2016 indicated that food insecurity affected an average of 2.4 million people which is almost 32% of the rural population. The project is targeting a total of 15 wards; (5) five from each of the three districts i.e. Bikita, Zaka and Chivi. The project later added three (3) other wards with WASH activities in Bikita and a dip tank in Zaka district giving a total of 18 wards. The project is subdivided into three sectors which are Agriculture and Food Security, Water and Sanitation as well as Economic Recovery and Market System which mainly focuses on training farmers on Village Savings and Lending. The project is implemented integrated agricultural and WASH interventions aimed at addressing the El Nino induced drought immediate and recovery needs by engaging vulnerable smallholder farming households to improve agricultural production through inputs distribution and capacity building in climate smart and conservation agriculture. Community members built livestock watering troughs at the rehabilitated water points,

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 20 produced hay bales and livestock fodder as a response to serious livestock feed challenges experienced in 2016. The project is also targeting 1000 Village Savings and Lending (VS&L) clients of which 400 are newly trained and 600 are old VS&L clients weakened by the effects of El Nino.

2. Project indicators The consultant will need to measure the project indicators (as per the below table) and provide and analysis explaining any variances in reaching the expected target. Sub-sector Name Improving Agricultural Production/Food Security

Projected increase in number of months of food self-sufficiency due to Indicator 1 distributed seed systems/agricultural inputs for beneficiary households Number of people benefiting from seed systems/agricultural input Indicator 2 activities, by sex Number and percentage of people trained by USAID/OFDA partners Indicator 3 practicing appropriate crop protection procedures, by sex Number of farmers trained in climate smart agriculture disaggregated Indicator 4 by sex Number of people trained in disaster preparedness mitigation and Indicator 5 management Indicator 6 Number of people reached with nutrition activities and messages Number of Agro dealers trained in seed voucher redemption Indicator 7 disaggregated by sex Number of lead farmers trained in post-harvest handling dis aggregated Indicator 8 by sex Indicator 9 Number of gender and nutritional focal point persons trained Sub-sector Name Livestock Indicator 1 Number of animals benefiting from or affected by livestock activities Indicator 2 Number of people benefiting from livestock activities by sex Indicator 3 Number of veterinary interventions Indicator 4 Number of animals treated Indicator 5 Number of people trained as para vets disaggregated by sex

Sector 2 Name Economic Recovery and Market Systems Sub-sector Name Microfinance Number of people, disaggregated by sex, or Micro Small Indicator 1 Enterprises(MSEs) newly receiving financial services or continuing to receive financial services due to USAID/OFDA support Percentage of financial service accounts/groups supported by USAID/ Indicator 2 OFDA that are functioning properly Total USD amount channeled into the program area through sub-sector Indicator 3 activities Indicator 4.1 % of savings groups holding regular meetings Indicator 4.2 % of groups collecting member contributions on time Indicator 4.3 % of groups experiencing on time repayment of loans

Sector 3 Name Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Sub-sector Name Water Supply Infrastructure Number of people directly benefitting from the water supply Indicator 1 infrastructure program Indicator 2 Number of water points (boreholes) rehabilitated and are functional Indicator 3 Number of pump minders trained and equipped

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 21 Number of water points developed, repaired, or Indicator 4 (WS3) Rehabilitated (Bacteriological) Number of water points developed, repaired, or Indicator 5 (WS4) Rehabilitated (Chlorine) Sub-sector Name Hygiene Promotion Number of people receiving direct hygiene promotion (excluding mass Indicator 1 media campaigns and without double-counting) Indicator 2 Number of Village Health Workers trained Indicator 3 Number of PHHE training cards distributed Indicator 4 Number of Community Health Clubs established Indicator 5 Number of School Health Coordinators trained Indicator 6 (HP1) % of respondents who know 3 of 5 critical times to wash hands Indicator 7 (HP2) % of households with soap and water at a hand washing location % of households who store their drinking water safely in Indicator 8 (HP3) clean containers

3. Purpose of the Evaluation The objective of the evaluation is to assess and provide reliable end-line information on project performance against set parameters (i.e. indicators, goals, short and long-term impact) in the three (3) programming sectors as outlined in the project proposal. The evaluation will also include an analysis of intervention’s appropriateness, timeliness, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability. It is expected that the evaluation will provide a qualitative and quantitative assessment of project progress towards building resilience on drought affected population in the three targeted districts of Masvingo province

4. Specific objectives:

 To capture and documents lessons learnt from the project implementation for knowledge management and learning and future programing.  To come up with practical recommendations for replication of the programme in different context of the country (recommendations need to be specific, practical/feasible and achievable)  To documents and produce success stories per sector and this includes Agriculture, WASH and Economic Market Recovery Systems. To assess the appropriateness, efficiency, effectiveness, impact, and sustainability of the programme in the three targeted districts as per the below guiding questions:

Appropriateness of the project design:

 To what extent is the project suited to the particular needs, expectations and priorities of the target communities, government and partners.  How much the programme is aligned with the National, Provincial, District and the community’s resilience building and Disaster Risk Reduction priorities?  Did the programme met its stated objectives?

Efficiency in use of resources:

• Could the same or better results have been achieved with same or lower inputs or by doing things differently? • Are there any proposed acceptable cost-effective approaches of accomplishing the same or better objectives?

Effectiveness of programme interventions:

• Did the activities achieve satisfactory results in relation to stated objectives/results? How did the programme perform against the log frame indicators? Were there any unintended outcomes?

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 22 • To what extent have the activities contributed to enhancing local capacities agriculture production, economic recovery and market systems, water sanitation and hygiene promotion and if not why?

Sustainability:

• Are the resilience building strategies likely to continue after the end of the external funding? • Are there sufficient forums/structures capabilities to maintain the changes produced over time? • Are the decisions making processes by men and women likely to be continued into the future, and how/why? • How is the exit strategy defined, and how will this be managed at the end of the funding period?

Impact: To what extent is the project contributing to:

 Improving agricultural production and productivity among smallholder farmers in marginal areas prone to drought.  Building household and community economic activity through establishing and strengthening Village Savings and Lending Associations.  Improve water, sanitation and hygiene practices  Improving and minimising losses to various assets and structures created in agriculture with specific reference to  climate smart agriculture and livestock health, production and nutrition,  economic recovery and market systems and  Water Sanitation and Hygiene at community level.  Communities’ resilience for disasters through development of Disasters Risk Management (DRM) Plans, awareness raising and providing emergency stocks. • Communities’ capacity to cope and withstand in disasters? • Improving linkages of the communities with other stakeholders in particular with district line departments. • Promoting gender equality and empowering women to take active part in agriculture, economic initiatives and WASH activities.

6. METHODOLOGY

The consultant and his/her team are expected to use different evaluation tools, comprising primary data collection (through qualitative and quantitative household survey questionnaires) and secondary data review and literature survey. Furthermore, the study will be undertaken through a participatory and collective manner based on active involvement of project beneficiaries.

In particular, the consultant is expected to:

 Conduct desk reviews of project documents and meetings with key project staff. Key documents to be reviewed include project proposal (which includes indicators and indicator targets), project M&E plan, quarterly reports, and indicator matrix.  Administer household questionnaires to a representative sample to be agreed with CARE.  Train Enumerators who will administer the household questionnaires.  Organize one-on-one interview with key stakeholders these include DA and Council (CEO), one (1) district Agritex officer, one (1) district based Livestock Officer, and one (1) district based Officer under Mechanisation. Interviews will also target District Water Supply and Sanitation sub-committees (DWSSC) in the three districts. Consultant will target Four (4) key DWSSC members these include one (1) from DDF, one (1) from council ,one (1) from DA’s office and one from Ministry of Health and Child welfare. The consultant will also interview one (1) District Officer from the Ministry of Women Affairs Gender and Community Development (MWAGCD) and one (1) from the ministry of education across the three districts. The consultant will then focus on host community representatives according to the agreed sample.  Conduct 3 FGDs in each district with selected groups, particularly the district and host communities in target areas. Any other method deemed relevant by the consultants and agreed with CARE.

7. KEY DELIVERABLES:

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 23  Work plan and data collection methodology, including translated data collection tools for all indicators and sampling methodology  Final data collection tools incorporating feedback from CARE  Briefings/Debriefings: Provide regular feedback/briefs to Project Manager and the project Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (M&EO). The consultant will report his/her preliminary findings to the Project Manager and M&E Officer onsite before drafting the report.  Draft report: The consultant is expected to produce a draft report identifying key findings, conclusions, recommendations and lessons for future programming. This will be reviewed by CARE International in Zimbabwe for initial feedback.  Final report: The consultant will produce the Final Evaluation Report after incorporating all comments and feedback provided by CARE.

8. DURATION OF THE ASSIGNMENT:

The duration of the assignment is 17 working days after signing of contract. Days are inclusive of travelling, fieldwork and reporting. The evaluation is expected to take place in 13 September 2017, to 05 October 2017.

9. FINAL EVALUATION REPORT Final report should be submitted on the 6th of October 2017. 10. CARE’S RESPONSIBILITIES ON THE ASSIGNMENT: In support to the consultant(s) to undertake the assignment, CARE Zimbabwe will:

 Make payment in US Dollars at an agreed rate (depending on experience).  Provide all relevant/available materials pertinent to study  Provide logistical support for field activities  Provide transport during the consultancy period

10. QUALIFICATIONS OF THE CONSULTANT: The consultant must possess the following qualification and experience:

 Advanced university degree in Agriculture, Social Sciences or any other related field with a minimum of 5 years of experience in conducting similar work.  Previous experience in evaluating USAID/OFDA funded projects will be an advantage.  Expertise in Food Security and Livelihoods (FSL), and WASH programming more than one consultant, their expertise must complement each other.  Experience in conducting project evaluations of similar programmes using participatory methods.  Advanced analytical and report writing skills.  Proven study team leadership qualities.  Fluency (written and verbal) in English and Shona is a must.

11. HOW TO APPLY:

All applications must be accompanied by a technical and financial proposal including a brief outline of the proposed methodology. Interested companies/individuals should hand deliver hard copies (in triplicate, technical and financial proposals) indicating how they propose to undertake the assignment. The application should include:  A Budget in US dollar.  2-page curriculum vitae of all team members, l  Three (3) recently produced evaluation reports  Three references of previous clients including their email and telephone contacts  A tentative work plan.  A capability statement as well as the candidate’s availability during the months of July, August and September 2017.

The application should not exceed 10 pages. Deadline for submission of technical and financial proposals is 31 July 2017.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 24 Interested consultants or firms should submit their applications (not exceeding 10 pages), by 31 July 2017, to the address below clearly marked (OFDA End of Project Evaluation)

CARE International in Zimbabwe 8 Ross Avenue Belgravia Harare

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 25 Annex 2: Project Achievement of Planned Targets Cumulative Cumulative Agriculture and Food Security Targets Achievement Achieving % Indicator 1: Projected increase in number of months of food self-sufficiency due to distributed seed systems/agricultural inputs 6 for beneficiary households. Female 19266 Indicator 2: Number of people benefiting from seed systems/agricultural input activities, by sex Male 11959 Total 31225 36950 118.3346677 Female 3286 3906 118.8679245 Indicator 3: Number and percentage of people trained by USAID/OFDA partners practicing appropriate crop protection Male 2,914 2954 101.3726836 procedures, by sex Total 6200 6860 110.6451613 Female 329 375 113.9817629 Indicator 4: Number of farmers trained in Climate smart agriculture disaggregated by sex Male 291 311 106.8728522 Total 620 686 110.6451613 Female 11 11 100 Indicator 5: Number of Agro dealers trained in seed voucher redemption disaggregated by sex. Male 19 18 94.73684211 Total 30 29 96.66666667 Female 329 345 104.8632219 Indicator 6: Number of lead farmers trained in Post-harvest handling disaggregated by b sex Male 291 295 101.3745704 Total 620 640 103.2258065 Female 95 132 138.9473684 Indicator 7: Number of people trained in disaster preparedness mitigation and management Male 85 180 211.7647059 Total 180 372 206.6666667 Female 3286 4791 145.8003652 Indicator 8: Number of people reached with nutrition activities and messages Male 2914 2073 71.13932739 Total 6200 6864 110.7096774 Female 111 104 93.69369369 Indicator 9: Number of gender and nutrition focal point persons trained. Male 69 79 114.4927536 Total 180 183 101.6666667 Sub Sector Name; Livestock Indicator 1: Number of animals benefiting from or affected by livestock activities 8620 20514 238 Female 1773 4532 255.6 Indicator 2: Number of people benefiting from livestock activities by sex Male 1101 5850 531.3 Total 2874 10382 361.2 Indicator3: Number of veterinary interventions 2 2 100 Indicator4: Number of animals treated 8620 21349 147.7

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 26 Female 18 7 38.9 Indicator 5: Number of people trained as Para vets disaggregated by sex. Male 27 38 140.7 Total 45 45 100 Economic Recovery and Market Systems Microfinance Female 280 370 132.1428571 Male 120 120 100 Indicator 1.1: Number of people, disaggregated by sex, or MSEs newly receiving financial services due to USAID support Total 400 490 122.5 Female 420 656 156.1904762 Indicator 1.2: Number of people, disaggregated by sex, or MSEs continuing to receive financial services due to USAID support Male 180 113 62.77777778 Total 600 769 128.1666667

Indicator 2: Percentage of financial service accounts/groups supported by USAID/OFDA that are functioning properly: 113 120 106.1946903

Indicator 3: Total USD amount channelled into the program area through sub-sector activities: 68,843 106513.4 154.7192888 Indicator 4.1: % of savings groups holding regular meetings 113 185 163.7168142 Indicator 4.2: % of groups Collecting member contributions on time 113 177 156.6371681 Indicator 4.3: % of groups experiencing on time repayment of loans. 113 177 156.6371681 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Sub-Sector: Water supply infrastructure. Female 9,329 18764 201.1362418 Indicator1: Number of people directly benefiting from the water supply infrastructure program Male 5,791 14324 247.3493352 Total 15120 33088 218.8359788 Indicator 2: Number of water points (boreholes) rehabilitated and are functional 60 68 108.3333333 Female 6 4 66.66666667 Indicator 4: Number of pump minders trained and equipped Male 9 12 133.3333333 Total 15 16 106.6666667 Indicator 5: Number of water point committee trained 60 72 120 Indicator 6.1: Number of water points developed 0 0 0 Indicator 6.2: Number of water points repaired, or tested (bacterial) 60 12 20

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 27 Indicator 6.3: Number of water points tested (bacterial) 60 0 0 Indicator 7.1: Number of water points developed 60 0 0 Indicator 7.2: Number of water points repaired 60 0 0 Indicator 7.3: Number of water points rehabilitated (chlorine 60 0 0 Sub-sector Name: Hygiene Promotion Female 10146 6875 67.76069387 Indicator1: Number of people receiving direct hygiene promotion (excluding mass media campaigns and without double- Male 4974 6863 137.9774829 counting) Total 15120 10523 69.59656085 Female 48 58 120.8333333 Indicator2: Number of Village Health Workers trained Male 42 38 90.47619048 Total 90 1225 1361.111111 Indicator 3: Number of PHHE training cards distributed 2700 6101 225.962963 Indicator 4: Number of Community Health Clubs established 90 64 71.11111111 Female 8 8 100 Indicator5: Number of School Health Coordinators trained Male 7 8 114.2857143 Total 15 16 11000 Female 1679 2065 122.9898749 Indicator 6: % of respondents who know 3 of 5 critical times to wash hands Male 1043 2539 243.4324065 Total 2722 3537 129.9412197 Indicator 7: % of households with soap and water at a hand washing location 2722 2894 106.3188832 Indicator8: % of households who store their drinking water safely in clean containers 2722 5198 190.9625276

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 28 Annex 3: Key Field Data Collection Tools Household Semi-Structured Interview Guide – Agriculture Production & Food Security Sector: Agricultural Production and Food Security

Introduction and Salutation We are a team of Consultants from MakConsult Consultancy Pvt Ltd conducting a Final Evaluation of the MERP Project implemented by CARE International in Zimbabwe, and a number partners including Government Ministries and Departments in Bikita, Chivi and Zaka Districts of Masvingo Province. The objective of the Final Evaluation is to:  is to assess and provide reliable end-line information on project performance against set parameters (i.e. indicators, goals, short and long-term impact) in the three (3) programming sectors i.e.  Provide a qualitative and quantitative assessment of project progress towards building resilience on drought affected population in the three districts of Bikita, Chive and Zaka. The assessment findings will help improve projects stakeholders understanding of project achievements, in crafting of this project and other similar interventions continuity/sustainability strategies. I therefore, kindly request your participation by responding to questions on this questionnaire. Completing of this questionnaire usually takes less than 40 minutes. Please be advised that your participation in the interview is voluntary and your views are important.

Interviewing granted Yes No

Target Informant: Individual Male and Female Farmers Enumeration Area and Household Data/Identifiers Enumeration Area Details Informant Details 1.District. 5. Sex a. M. b. F 2.Ward 6. Age: Name/No. 7. Education 8. Designation. 9. What is your length of stay in this area? (in complete years & Yrs Mnth months) 10. What is the gender of your household Male Female 11. What is the highest level of education of your Household Head? (I respondent is different from Question 10) a. Non- b. Primary. c. Secondary. d.Tertiary. e. Never been f. Other formal. to.

12. What is your household’s main source of livelihood? (Multiple response) a. F b. I c. D d. Ir e. L f.Remittan g. C h. Gold ormally nformal ry land rigation ivestock ce ausal Panning. employ trading farming. farming. marketin labour. ed g 13. What is the approximate total size of your household arable land holdings? a. <½ b. ≥0.6 ha – 1ha c. 1.1 -2 ha d. ≥ 2.1 ha ha 14. Which of the following agricultural practice does your household normally/usually practice? a. Dryland b. Livestock production. c. Irrigation cropping. cropping. Farmer Access to, Adoption and Benefits of Improved Seed Varieties 15. Prior to the 2016/17 agricultural season what varieties did your family usually planted? Maize. Sorghum. Pearl millet - Finger millet Cow peas. Mbambara Ground nuts

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 29 mhunga - Rapoko nuts. (Nyimo)

16. Following implementation of the MERP, has your household changed its Yes No crop variety preference? (If “No”, skip to Question 17) 17. If “Yes” in New crop variety preferences Question 13, what are the new household crop preferences 18. What are the Reasons for the changed crop variety preferences reasons for the a. preference shift? b. 21. If “No” in Reasons for continued preference of the old crop varieties. Question 15, why your household did continued preferring the old crop varieties. 26. Traditionally, what has been your household common source of the seed? Local Agro- Retained from Bought by a relative Received government input Dealer Shop previous area supply schemes Other season/harvest.

27. Since implementation of the MERP project, has the source of Yes No your household seed changed? (If “Yes” continue to Question 21, and if “No”, skip to Question 25) 28. If “Yes” in Question 20, what is New seed sources (in prevalence) your new source of crop seeds? 30. In “Yes” in 20, what crops seed varieties, did your household plant during the 2016/17 agricultural season? (Please note that 1 = Improved seed varieties, 2 = retained unimproved seed varieties.) Maize. Sorghum. Pearl millet Finger Cow peas. Mbambara Ground nuts -mhunga millet - nuts. Rapoko (Nyimo)

31. From the 2016/17 season, was there marked difference in Yes No performance between the improved and retained seed varieties? (If “Yes” continue to question 24, if “No” skip to question 24) 32. If “Yes” in question 23 above, what were the major improved performance differences? Improved Early Drought Crop Low post Resistant to seed Better yield productivit maturity Resistance diseases harvest attack aphids when used y resistant costs. as retained seed

33. During the forthcoming 2017/18 which crops does your household plan/intend to plant? Maize. Sorghu Pearl millet Finger Cow peas. Mbambara nuts. Ground m. -mhunga millet - (Nyimo) nuts Rapoko

Food Security 34. Is your household food secure?4 Yes No (If “Yes,” continue to Question 28, if “No”, skip to Question 29)

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 30 35. If “Yes” in Question 26, when do you think your current food reserves will last? 36. If “No” in Reasons for household food insecurity Question 26, what are the reasons for your household food insecurity? 38. In the meantime, Household food insecurity coping strategies. what are or will be your household coping mechanisms? 40. Are there other food insecure households in your village? Yes No 41. If “Yes”, in Question 30, approximately what percentage of household are food insecure? 42. If “Yes” in Reasons for food insecurity Question 30, what are the reasons? Conservation Agriculture 44. Does your household practice Conservation Agriculture? Ye No (If “Yes” continue to question 34, If “No”, skip to question 37) s

46. During MERP implementation, did any of your household members receive training in conservation agriculture5 methods and techniques? 47. If “Yes” in Question 33, was the trained household member male or M Fem female? 48. If “Yes”, in Question 33, what conservation farming techniques were the representative trained in? Ye No s a. Minimal/Zero tillage. b. Conservation works construction. c. Crop rotation. d. Ground covers 49. If “No” in question 33 above, why is your household not practicing conservation farming? a. Household doesn’t see the benefits. b. The practice is just too labour intensive. c. Doesn’t have enough labour. d. Not interested. e. Have no appropriate equipment. f. Household members are just lazy. g.Still waiting for Agritex and DM training. a. No one has mobilised the household. b. No adequate enforcement mechanisms. c. Other (specify) 50. What are the benefits of practicing various conservation farming techniques? a.Comparative improved yields. b. Reduced soil loss and erosion. c. Timely land preparation and planting. d. Cheap land preparation. e. Efficient use of inputs. f. Use of locally available inputs e.g. manures Livestock Training 51. Did any of your household members receive livestock management Yes No training? (If “Yes,” continue to question 40. If “No” skip to Question 36.) 52. If Yes in Question 44, was the family representative male or female? Fe Mal e 53. Did any of your household members attend training in fodder/Stover Yes No bank making? 54. Does your household have a fodder bank/stover?

4 A household is declared “food secure when it has guaranteed supply lasting who long? 5 “a concept for resource-saving agricultural crop production that strives to achieve acceptable profits together with high and sustained production levels while concurrently conserving the environment” (FAO 2007).

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 31 55. Approximately what percentage of your village households have fodder/Stover banks? 56. What are the reasons for other households’ failure to make or maintain fodder/Stover banks? a. Has no sources of fodder/Stover? b. The process is too expensive. c. Has limited knowledge in fodder bank d. Has small livestock that don’t need maintenance systems. supplementary feeding. e. Labour challenges/shortage. f. See no benefits of fodder banks. 57. If “Yes” in both Questions 39 and 41, what were the practical benefits of attending the training courses? a. Livestock Disease and Mortality Control 58. During the 2016/17 agricultural seasons did your area experience Yes No any livestock disease outbreaks? (If “Yes” continue to question 51, if “No” skip to question 56.) 59. Which livestock diseases were experienced during the outbreak? a. Redwater b. Gallsickness c. Heartwater d. Anthrax e. Foot and Mouth f. Blackquarters g. Newcastle Other (Specify) 60. What do you think caused the disease outbreaks? a. 61. How severe were the outbreaks compared to other previous outbreaks? 61.3. Similar. 61.4. Moderate 61.5. Severe 61.6. Very severe 62. Dos your village/area experience any challenges in livestock disease Yes No control? 63. What were some of the key challenges? a. 64. Are you satisfied with the dipping system? Yes No (If “No” skip to Question 53) If “Yes” in Question 52, what are the dipping best practices?

What are your concerns with the dipping system? a. 66. Does your dip tank have a Fund? Yes No 67. If “Yes”, in 53, are you satisfied with the operations of the Fund? If “No” in 54, what are your concerns with the Dip Fund management systems? a. 68. Does your village/area have a trained paravet? Yes No 69. What are the routine activities undertaken by the paravet? a. 70. Are you satisfied by the services offered by the paravet? Yes No. (If “Yes,” continue to Question 56, if “No”, skip to Question 57) 71. If “Yes” in Question 54, what is that which they perform best? a. 72. Ever since the paravet appointment, what have there been any accrued community benefits? a. 73. If “No,” in question 57, what are your reservations with the Para Vet? a. 74. What challenges are faced/reported by the para-vet? a. Livestock Watering 75. What are the current livestock watering sources? 75.3. Rivers 75.4. Boreholes 75.5. Household fetching from water 75.6. Don’t know. sources. 76. Do you have households that solely water their livestock from Yes No boreholes? 77. If “Yes” in Question 63, approximately what percentage of the village households?

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 32 78. Do all the boreholes used for livestock watering have cattle drinking Yes No troughs? 79. What have been the biggest benefits from cattle trough construction at water points? a. Livestock Markets What are the current common livestock markets for local livestock farmers? a. b. 80. Are you generally satisfied with the current livestock market prices? Ye No s 81. If “Yes” in Question 67, what excites you? a. 82. If “No” in Question 67, what are the current livestock market challenges? a. 83. In your opinion, how can the livestock market challenges be sustainably addressed? a. 84. What are the lessons learnt from implementation of MERP? a. What are the best practices from implementation of the MERP? a. What recommendations can you make for implementation of future similar projects? a. Thank you very much for your participation

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 33 Village Savings and Lending Groups Members Questionnaire MERP Final Evaluation Sector: Economic Recover and Market Systems Target Informants: Individual Village Savings & Lending (VS&L) Group Members Enumeration Area and Household Data/Identifiers Enumeration Area Details Informant Details 1. District. 2. Sex Male Female 3. WardIntroduction and Salutation 4. Age: Name/No.We are a team of Consultants from MakConsult5. Level Consultancy of Education Pvt Ltd conducting a Final Evaluation of the 6. WhoMERP are Project you in implementedyour household? by CARE International in Zimbabwe, and a number partners including a. HusbanGovernment Ministriesb. andMothe Departments in Bikita,c. ChildChivi and Zaka Districts e.of Relative Masvingo Province. The dobjective of the Final Evaluationr is to: What is the genderis to assess of your and household provide reliable end-line information on projectMale performanceFemale against set 7. What is theparameters highest (i.e.level indicators, of education goals, of shortyour andHousehold long-term Head? impact) in the three (3) programming sectors a. Non-formal.i.e. b. Primar c. Secondary. d. Tertiary. e. Never been to. f. Other  Provide a qualitativey and quantitative assessment of project progress towards building resilience on drought affected population in the three districts of Bikita, Chive and Zaka. The assessment findings will help improve projects stakeholders understanding of project achievements, in 8. craftingWhat is ofyour this household’s project and othermain similar source interventionsof livelihood? continuity/sustainability (Multiple response) strategies. I therefore, kindly a.request b. yourInfor participationc. Dry byd. respondingI e. to questionsLiv f. onRemittan this questionnaire.g. C Completingh. Gold of this Formaquestionnairemal usually takesland less thanrrigatio 40 minutes.estock Please be advisedce that your ausalparticipation inPanning. the interview isl voluntarytradin and your farminviews are important.n marketing. labour. emplo g. g. farming yment . EconomicInterviewing Recovery and granted Market Systems Yes No 9. How many Village Savings and Lending Groups are in your village? 10. In your village, what is the percentage of households that participate in VS&L Groups? 11. What are the reasons for other household non-participation in VS&L Groups? a. 12. In your group, what is the gender distribution pattern of Mal Female the group members? e 13. In your group, what’s the gender of the below office bearer? Male Female Chairperson Secretary Treasurer Vice Chairperson 14. Is this an increase or decrease in ratio? Decrease Increase Yes No Yes No 15. Since the inception of MERP, has your group seen an increase or a decrease in the following? a. New membership. b. Membership contributions (premiums) c. Savings (portfolio value) d. Assets and investments. e. Loan write off ration. 16. What could be the cause in areas where there are decreases? (Reasons for decrease) a. 17. What are the overall challenges your VS&L Group experiences? a. 18. Does your group have a sustainability or growth strategy? Yes No If “Yes” in Question 19, what are the major growth strategies? a. 19. What have been the major examples/testimonies of benefits from Savings and Lending schemes? (Please probe for real life examples. There is a possibility of developing the testimonies into really like case studies) a.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 34 20. What are the lessons learnt from implementation of MERP Village Savings and Lending Sub- Sector? a. 21. What are the best practices from implementation of the MERP in Village Savings and Lending programming? e. What recommendations can you make for implementation of future similar projects? a. Thank you very much for undivided attention and assistance

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 35 Household WASH Interview Guide MERP Final Evaluation Sector: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Target Group: Household Representatives Enumeration Area Details Informant Details 1. District. 2. Sex c. Mal d. Femal e e 3.Ward 4. Age: Introduction and Salutation 5. Level of Education 6. WhatWe areis your a team length of Consultants of stay in thisfrom area? MakConsult (in complete Consultancy years & Pvt LtdYrs conducting a Finalmonth Evaluation months)of the MERP Project implemented by CARE International in Zimbabwe, and a numbers partners Whatincluding is the gender Government of your Ministries household and Departments in Bikita,Male Chivi and Zaka DistrictsFemale of Masvingo 7. WhatProvince is the. The highest objective level of of the education Final Evaluation of your Householdis to: Head?  is to assess and provide reliable end-line information on project performance against set a. Non- a. Primary. b. Secondary. c. Tertiary. d. Never e. Other parameters (i.e. indicators, goals, short and long-term impact) in the three (3) programming formal been to sectors i.e. education  Provide a qualitative and quantitative assessment of project progress towards building resilience on drought affected population in the three districts of Bikita, Chive and Zaka. 8. WhatThe assessmentis your household’s findings main will source help improveof livelihood? projects (Multiple stakeholders response) understanding of project a. Formalachievements,b. Inform in craftingc. Dry of this d.projectIrrigatio and e.otherLivestock similar interventionsf. Remi g. continuity/sustainabilityCausal h. Gold employstrategies. I al therefore, kindlyland requestn your participationmarketing by ttanc responding labour. to questions onPanning. this questionnaire.ed trading Completingfarming of this questionnairefarming. usually takes less thane 40 minutes. Please be advised that your participation in the. interview is voluntary and your views are important. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene DrinkingInterviewing Water Supplies granted Yes No 9. What is the village common source of drinking water? Boreho Protect Unprotecte River Dam le ed Well d well 10. If, inclusive of Boreholes and Deep Wells in, Month Weeks Days what is the average down time? 11. Do all the functioning boreholes including those rehabilitated under Yes No the MERP have functional Water Point Committees 12. Are you generally, satisfied with the functionality of WPC? Yes No

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 36 13. If “Yes) in 12, what are the WPCs doing best?

14. What is the percentage gender distribution of WPC members? Mal Fem 15. Is your Village Pump Mechanic (VPM) trained? Yes No 16. Are you satisfied with how the VPM performs his duties? Yes No 17. If “No” in question 16, what are the shortcomings of your Village Pump Mechanic? a. 18. Does the VPM have adequate tools and equipment to carry out his duties a. 19. Do you have a water point operation & maintenance (O&M) Yes No sustainability strategy? If “Yes” in question 17, what characterises the O&M system. a. 20. Does you have a WPC fund? Yes No 21. If “Yes” in Question 20, what is the gender composition of the WPC Ma Fe members? 22. Are you generally satisfied with the functionality of your WPC? Yes No (If “Yes” in 22, continue to Question 23, if “No” skip to Question 24) 23. If “Yes” in Question 22, what are you satisfied with? a. 24. If “No” in Question 22, what are you dissatisfied with? a. Sanitation 25. Does your household have the following sanitation and hygiene Yes No enabling facilities? a. BVIP – Blair Ventilated Improved Latrine b. Handwashing facility. c. Refuse pit. d. Pot rack. 26. Does your household have sanitation facilities that address gender Yes No and the needs of the following special groups? a. Menstrual hygiene management facilities. b. Children needs c. Disabled/Physically challenged d. The elderly 27. Are there other households without the following sanitation & hygiene enabling Yes No facilities in your village? a. BVIP – Blair Ventilated Improved Latrine b. Handwashing facility. c. Refuse pit. d. Pot rack. If “Yes” in one of the options in Question 27, what challenges are household facing? a. Community Health Promotion and Education 28. What is the gender of your Village Health Worker? M F 29. Are you satisfied with the services provided by the VHW? Y N If “No” in question 29, what are you dissatisfied with? a. 30. Is your Community Health Club (CHC) functional? Yes No

31. If “Yes” in Question 22, what are the indicators of the CHC functionality? a. 32. Is your household a member of the Community Health Club? Y N 33. Are there other households that are not CHC members in your village? Y N 34. If “Yes” in Question 33, what are the reasons for reluctance and non-participation? a. 35. Doses your village have a sanitation sustainability strategy Yes No 36. What are your recommendations for improved sanitation and hygiene services provision?

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 37 a. Hygiene Promotion 37. Are there health promotion and education activities under implementation Yes No in your village? 38. From the health promotion and education messages, what are the critical times one needs to wash their hands? a. After visiting and using the toilet. b. Before eating and getting in contact with food staff. c. After changing child nappies. d. After eating. e. Before handling food. 39. Are there households you suspect practice Open Defecation (ODF)? Y N 40. 41. Personally, when did you last Today About last A month ago Can’t practice open defection (OD)? week remember

42. What forced you to practice OD? a. 43. What are the lessons learnt from implementation of MERP? a. 44. What are the best practices from implementation of the MERP? a. b. 45. What are the lessons learnt from implementation of MERP? a. b. What are the best practices from implementation of the MERP? 1. What recommendations can you make for implementation of future similar projects? g.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 38 School Health Coordinator Interview Guide MERP Final Evaluation Sector: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)

Introduction and Salutation We are a team of Consultants from MakConsult Consultancy Pvt Ltd conducting a Final Evaluation of the MERP Project implemented by CARE International in Zimbabwe, and a number partners including Government Ministries and Departments in Bikita, Chivi and Zaka Districts of Masvingo Province. The objective of the Final Evaluation is to:  is to assess and provide reliable end-line information on project performance against set parameters (i.e. indicators, goals, short and long-term impact) in the three (3) programming sectors i.e.  Provide a qualitative and quantitative assessment of project progress towards building resilience on drought affected population in the three districts of Bikita, Chive and Zaka. The assessment findings will help improve projects stakeholders understanding of project achievements, in crafting of this project and other similar interventions continuity/sustainability strategies. I therefore, kindly request your participation by responding to questions on this questionnaire. Completing of this questionnaire usually takes less than 40 minutes. Please be advised that your participation in the interview is voluntary and your views are important. Interviewing granted Yes No

Target Group: School Health Club Coordinator Enumeration Area Details Informant Details 1. District. 2. Sex e. Mal f.Female e 3.Ward Name/No. 4. Age: 5. Level of Education 6. What is your length of stay at this school? (in complete years Yrs month & months) s 7. What is your highest level of education a. Non-formal f. Primary. g. Secondary. h. Tertiary. i. Never j. Other education been to

Existence of a School Health Club (SHC) 8. As a School Health Coordinator are you trained? Yes No

9. Are you adequately equipped? 10. How many students are members of the SHC? Mal Fem

11. What is the gender distribution pattern of SHC members? 12. Why are other students reluctant to join the SHC? a. 13. Does the SHC get support from the following stakeholders? Yes No a. Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education b. Ministry of Health and Child Care. c. The Rural District Council? d. School Management. e. School Development Committees f. Community leadership g. Local development partners working in the locality. 14. What issues or topics are covered in School Health Club health and hygiene promotion and education? a. 15. What challenges have you encountered in facilitating the SHC activities? a.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 39 16. What are the lessons learnt from implementation of MERP? a. 17. What are the best practices from implementation of the MERP? a.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 40 Project Implementing Partners Discussion Guide

1. As a leader, what were your overall development roles and responsibilities in the MERP project? 2. What strategies where employed to solicit for stakeholder participation and endorsement of the project? 3. What have been your specific project roles and responsibilities? (Emphasise on different project components) 4. In your own opinion, what have been the major project achievements against set targets? (Probe in terms of all the project evaluation criteria a.Relevance, b. Effectiveness. c.Efficiency. d. Sustainability. e.Coherences etc. 5. What have been the benefits to specific project target groups? Problem in terms of: a.Overall community benefits. b. Benefits to individual farmers and households. c.Benefits to different vulnerable groups. 6. What have been the success factors? 7. What were some of the major challenges that you faced in project execution? 8. How did you overcome these challenges? 9. What are the community based strategies to sustain project benefits – including institutional arrangements for continued project management, coordination and financing mechanisms? 10. What lessons did you learnt?6 11. What were the project best practices?7 12. What are your recommendation to improve future implementation of similar programmes in your areas?

Case Study Guide Lines a. Demographic details of the innovators. b. Historical information of the reported individual or community in relation to the Sector or Sub-Sector theme. c. The development process of the innovation or special initiatives. d. Key messages portrayed in the case study. e. Major case demonstration of special experiences related to the project theme. f. Success factors of the innovations. g. What are the demonstrated best practices in relation to the demonstrated innovation/initiative? h. Major lessons learnt from the case study. i. Adoption and replication experiences of the best practices. j. Sustainability strategies.

6 "A Lesson Learned is knowledge or understanding gained by experience that has a significant impact for an organisation. The experience may be either positive or negative. Successes are also sources of Lessons Learned. "A Lesson Learned documents the experience gained during a project. These lessons come from working with or solving real-world problems. Collecting and disseminating lessons learned helps to eliminate the occurrence of the same problems in future projects".

 A lesson learned is an experience or outcome of a particular course of action -- either positive or negative -- that is important enough to be communicated to one's peers.

 "The knowledge acquired from an innovation or an adverse experience that causes a worker or an organization to improve a process or activity to work safer, more efficiently, or with higher quality"

 Knowledge derived from the reflection, analysis and, conceptualisation of experience that has potential to improve future action. Read more here: Knoco stories: What is a Lesson Learned? http://www.nickmilton.com/2009/05/what-is-lesson- learned.html#ixzz4t6Akjzsn

7 A Best Practice is a recommendable practice, a method or technique that comes with a superior result

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 41 Homestead Observation Check Lists What to Observe Available Condition Evidence Remarks of Use Good Average Bad Yes No 1. Availability of sanitation and hygiene facilities health and hygiene enabling facilities. a. handwashing facilities (Chigubhu Gear), b. Pot rack. c. Refuse pit 2. Evidence or signs of routing operation and maintenance of sanitation and hygiene facilities

3. Availability of gender responsive sanitation and hygiene facilities. a. For children b. elderly c. disabled 4. Availability of standard water sources e.g. or a.Household owned boreholes. b.Protected family wells. 5. Practicing of drinking water collection, transportation, storage and use methods. a. Collection in closed containers b. Transportation in closed containers c. Absence of foreign objects in water containers d. Stored in closed containers e. Drinking from different and personal cups f. Maintain minimal hand contact with the water.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 42 School Health Clubs Observation Checklist (School) What to Observe Availabl Condition Evidence of Remark e Use s Goo Averag Bad Yes No d e 6. 7. Availability of sanitation and hygiene enabling facilities. a. Adequate male and female staff toilets b. handwashing facilities (Chigubhu Gear), c. Pot rack. d. Refuse pit 8. 9. Evidence or signs of routing operation and maintenance of sanitation and hygiene facilities

10. 11. Availability of gender responsive sanitation and hygiene facilities. a. For children b. Mensural hygiene management. c. Disabled. 12. 13. Availability of standard water sources a. Non-shared school boreholes. b. Protected school deep wells. 14. 15. Practicing of drinking water collection, transportation, storage and use methods. a. Collection in closed containers b. Transportation in closed containers c. Absence of foreign objects in water containers d. Stored in closed containers e. Drinking from different and personal cups f. Maintain minimal hand contact with the water.

Annex 4: MERP Final Evaluation Work Plan Activity Time Frame (Month and Date) September/October 2017 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 5 6 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 Inception Meeting Literature Review Submission of Inception report Training of Research Assistants Field Data Collection8 Provincial Level. District Level. Data Entry & Analysis Report Writing Draft Report Presentation. Reviewing Draft Report

8 It is proposed that two by three-member data collection tools will be deployed to the districts simultaneously.

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 43 Activity Time Frame (Month and Date) September/October 2017 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 5 6 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 Final Report Submission Annex 5: List of Some of the People and Officials Met District Ward Village Name Sex/Gender Designation Bikita James Gudekude Male EHT Bikita Mr. C Mutsiva A/District Administrator Bikita Mr. E Manake CARE Bikita Mr. Elliot Chivanya DDF Bikita Mr. Gutu A/District Administrator Bikita Mr. Nobert Chitunza Agritex Bikita 18 Charles Chaitwa Male Bikita 18 Clara Mudiwi Female Bikita 18 Elizabeth Nechipani Female Bikita 18 Mai Chaitwa Female Bikita 18 Maria Rugoho Female Bikita 18 Mrs Makaedza Jani Lead Farmer Bikita 18 Nyaradzo Female Masambaasiyana Bikita 19 Alexandria Mugeji Female Bikita 19 Bernard Hwarimba Male Bikita 19 Chenai Mvere Female Bikita 19 Claudia Mubako Female Bikita 19 Faith Mhere Female Bikita 19 Idah Mutoti Female Bikita 19 Lydia Sipiya Female Bikita 19 M. C. Jangano Male Bikita 19 Mable Dege Female Bikita 19 Margret Magondo Female Bikita 19 Melody Dzovani Female Bikita 19 Mr. B. Mugeji Male Bikita 19 Nyadzirai Female Munyisiwa Bikita 19 Nyasha Chuma Female Bikita 19 Rabecca Nyashanu Female Bikita 19 Rosewitha Female Zaranyika Bikita 19 Sarudzai Gabida Female Bikita 19 Sophia Female Mazirorwenyu Bikita 19 Tadzei Chibura Female Bikita 21 Leah Chitura Female Bikita 21 Mrs. Manema Female WPC Member Bikita 21 Plaxedes Matare Female Bikita 31 Claudia Tirarami Female Bikita 31 Munatsi Clly Marozhe Bikita 31 Itai Mukanyi Male Bikita 31 Priscilla Wurayayi Female School Health Coordinator Bikita 31 Rabecca Mubako Female Chivi 22 Agnes Vengedza Female Chivi Magiga DWSSC Chivi Mr J. Tibha Male VPM Chivi Mr. Chiruka Male Health (EHT) Chivi Mr. Mudavanhu Male Agritex

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 44 District Ward Village Name Sex/Gender Designation Chivi Mrs Dhandara Female Vice chairperson. Chivi Mrs Gomba Female Treasurer. Chivi MS Chihanga Female LPD District Chivi Mudavanhu DWSSC Chivi Shepherd Mutasa Male Extension Worker Chivi Temba Male DWSSC Chivi 19 Chengeto Matewe Female Chivi 19 Esnath Machingura Female VSL Case study Chivi 19 FGD Females only Group of farmers Chivi 19 Mrs E Machingura Female Agro dealer Chivi 19 Mudzingwa Female Chivi 19 Norah Mutarisi Female Chivi 19 Otilia Tichagwa Female Chivi 19 Sikhonsile Nyoni Female Chivi 19 Tecla Matinhure Female Chivi 22 Dennis Ndhlovu VET Extension Supervisors Chivi 22 Angeline Runesu Female Chivi 22 Angeline Runesu Female Chivi 22 Anna Chitondo Female Chivi 22 Charity Mawarire Female Chivi 22 Christine Muriva Female VS&L Facilitator Chivi 22 Christine Muriva Female Chivi 22 George Singadi Male Chivi 22 M. Madakuchekwa Chivi 22 Mr Dzingai Male SH Coordinator Chivi 22 Mr. W. Dzingai Male School Health Coordinator Chivi 22 Norest Zvitete Female Chivi 22 Pamela Mashapa Female Chivi 22 Revai Mataka Male Chivi 22 Sylva Marimira Female Chivi 22 Zororo Mamhute Female Chivi 23 Daniel Fambi Male Para Vet Chivi 23 Dick Muzenga Male Para Vet Chivi 24 Thembisa Female School Health Mukonoungoruma Coordinators Chivi 32 Misiasi Male Para Vet Hadzikamwu Chivi 32 Ruvarashe Female Mudzingwe Chivi 32 Sonica Mhungwe Female Para Vet Chivi District Mark Makombe District SAHI Prov Office Dr Dzimwasha Male Vet (PVO) Prov Office Mr. Makani Male EMA Zaka MRS Chuma Female LPD Zaka Mrs Mupini Feamle Livestock Extension Worker Zaka 23 Auilia Chindakuda Female Zaka 23 Esther Mazungure Female Zaka 23 Getrude Vanyoro Female Zaka 23 J. Chishiri Female Zaka 23 Mai Easter Female Rwokuda Zaka 23 Mangarami Female Zaka 23 Mrs. Harusekwi Female Chimondo

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 45 District Ward Village Name Sex/Gender Designation Zaka 23 Virginia Chipanda Female Zaka 23 Vongai Rwokuda Male Zaka 27 Chief Mushayi Male Chief Zaka 27 Mrs. Maire Female Agro dealer Zaka 8 Constance Bosho Female Zaka 8 Constance Zvomba Female Zaka 8 Esther Masvingise Female Zaka 8 Euleta Chavarika Female Zaka 8 Evengelista Female Gwitima Zaka 8 Francis Gwitima Male Zaka 8 Fungai Mukomo Female Zaka 8 Joanna Mudzingwa Female zaka 8 Judson Taive Agric Extension Supervisor Zaka 8 Kenita Female Chihambakwe Zaka 8 Letwin Phiri Female Zaka 8 Lynette Mashanje Female Zaka 8 Maria Jeke Female Zaka 8 Mavis Pembera Female Zaka 8 Memory Female Chihambakwe Zaka 8 Mildred Female Mutumwapavi Zaka 8 Miriam Jonga Female VS&L facilitator Zaka 8 Ms Patricia Female School Health Mamvura Coordinators Zaka 8 Muziki Chinanga Male Zaka 8 Ndiudzei Taringirwa Female Zaka 8 Nomsa Mutanha Female Zaka 8 Sophia Murashiki Female Zaka 8 Susan Nyika Female Zaka 8 Tendai Matonho Agro-Dealer. Zaka 8 Tsaurai Zvinatsei Female Zaka District Mr Gova Male Agritex Crops Officer Zaka District Mr. A Ruvuyu Male RDC WASH Technician Zaka District Victor Zinanga A/District Administrator Zaka 8 Councillor Majoni Councillor Zaka 8 Mrs Magweregwedu Female VHW/SV&L Facilitator

CARE International in Zimbabwe MERP Final Evaluation Report Page 46