DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter 4 Controlling Program Flow with Decision Structures

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter 4 Controlling Program Flow with Decision Structures Chapter 4 Controlling Program Flow with Decision Structures Key Concepts Case Study Controlling the flow of a program Pizza Order application Generating random numbers Writing algorithms Writing compound Boolean expressions Using message boxes and counters Selecting appropriate test data Creating and modifying problem solutions The If…Then Statement conditional control structure The I f...T h e n statement is a conditional control structure, also called a decision structure, which executes a set of statements when a condition is true. The I f...T h e n statement takes the form: If condition Then statements End If TIP The condition of an For example, in the following I f...T h e n statement guess = 7 is the condition, I f...T h e n statement should and there is one statement that will execute when this condition is true: never make an equality comparison between floating If guess = 7 Then point numbers because of the Me.lblMessage.Text = "You guessed it!" possibility of roundoff error. End If In the condition, the equal sign (=) is used as a relational operator to determine if the value of guess is equal to 7. If equal, then the Text prop- erty of lblMessage is changed. If not, program flow continues to the next statement after the End If. Boolean expression The condition of an I f...T h e n statement is a Boolean expression, which relational operators evaluates to either True or False. Relational operators can be used to form Boolean expressions. There are six relational operators: Operator Meaning TIP The equal sign (=) is used = equal to as a relational operator as well < less than as an assignment operator. <= less than or equal to > greater than >= greater than or equal to <> not equal to Chapter 4 Controlling Program Flow with Decision Structures 93 VB2010.indb 93 5/2/2011 11:03:48 PM The NumberGuess application demonstrates the I f...T h e n statement: Running the application, typing 5 in the text box, and then clicking Check Guess displays no message. Typing 7 and clicking Check Guess displays the message “You guessed it!” A Boolean variable may also be used as the condition of an I f...T h e n statement because its value is either True or False. For example, the I f... Then statement below uses a Boolean variable as its condition: Dim gameOver As Boolean = True If gameOver Then Application.Exit() End If Review: TestGrade – part 1 of 5 Create a TestGrade application that prompts the user for a test score and then displays “Good job!” for a test score greater than or equal to 70 when Check Grade is clicked. The applica- tion interface should look similar to that shown on the right after typing 75 and clicking Check Grade. Be sure to include a TextChanged event procedure for the text box. The If…Then…Else Statement The I f...T h e n statement can include an optional Else clause that is executed when the If condition evaluates to False. The I f...T h e n ...E l s e statement takes the following form: If condition Then statements Else statements End If 94 Chapter 4 Controlling Program Flow with Decision Structures VB2010.indb 94 5/2/2011 11:03:49 PM The NumberGuess application could be modified to include an I f... T h e n ...E l s e statement: If guess = SECRETNUMBER Then Me.lblMessage.Text = "You guessed it!" Else Me.lblMessage.Text = "Try again." End If Running the application, typing a number other than 7, and then clicking Check Guess displays the message “Try again.” Typing 7 and then clicking Check Guess displays the message “You guessed it!” The indentation used in the I f...T h e n ...E l s e statement is a code convention that makes the statement easier to read. It has no effect on the execution of the statement. The indentation also makes it easier for a programmer reading the code to follow the logic of the statement. Review: TestGrade – part 2 of 5 Modify the TestGrade application so that “Good job!” is displayed for a score greater than or equal to 70 and “Study more.” is displayed for a score less than 70. Review: CircleArea – part 2 of 2 Modify the CircleArea application created in Chapter 3 to display the message “Negative radii are illegal.”. when a negative radius value is entered, otherwise the area of the circle should be displayed. Nested If…Then…Else Statements An I f...T h e n ...E l s e statement can contain another I f...T h e n ...E l s e or If... nested Then statement, which is said to be nested. For example, the NumberGuess application could be modified to give the user a hint: If guess = SECRETNUMBER Then 'correct Me.lblMessage.Text = "You guessed it!" Else If guess < SECRETNUMBER Then 'too low TIP When you click a keyword Me.lblMessage.Text = "Too low." in a control structure, all of the Else 'too high keywords in the structure are Me.lblMessage.Text = "Too high." highlighted. End If End If Nested statements should be indented as good programming style. Chapter 4 Controlling Program Flow with Decision Structures 95 VB2010.indb 95 5/2/2011 11:03:49 PM The If…Then…ElseIf Statement TIP There is no space in The I f...T h e n ...E l s e I f statement is used to decide among three or more ElseIf. actions and takes the form: If condition Then statements ElseIf condition Then statements ... Else statements End If There can be multiple ElseIf clauses, and the last Else clause is optional. For example, there are three possible decisions in the I f...T h e n ...E l s e I f Commenting Complex statement below: Decision Structures If guess = SECRETNUMBER Then 'correct Decision structures with many Me.lblMessage.Text = "You guessed it!" branches can quickly become ElseIf guess < SECRETNUMBER Then 'too low difficult to understand. Brief Me.lblMessage.Text = "Too low." inline comments can make Else 'too high code much more readable. Me.lblMessage.Text = "Too high." This is especially important for End If the last branch of a decision structure, which usually The logic used in developing an I f...T h e n ...E l s e I f statement is important. does not include an explicit For example, when testing a range of numbers, If conditions must be instruction. properly ordered because statements are executed only for the first true condition and then program flow continues to the End If. When choosing between nested I f...T h e n ...E l s e statements and a single I f...T h e n ...E l s e I f statement, the I f...T h e n ...E l s e I f is easier to read and understand and is considered better programming style. Review: TestGrade – part 3 of 5 Modify the TestGrade application so that “Great!” is displayed for a test score greater than or equal to 90, “Good job!” for a test score greater than or equal to 70 and less than 90, and “Study more.” otherwise. The Select…Case Statement The S e le c t...C a s e statement is a conditional control structure that uses the result of an expression to determine which statements to execute. The S e le c t...C a s e statement is sometimes preferable to the I f...T h e n ...E l s e I f statement because code may be easier to read. The S e le c t...C a s e statement takes the form: Select expression Case value statements ... Case Else statements End Select 96 Chapter 4 Controlling Program Flow with Decision Structures VB2010.indb 96 5/2/2011 11:03:49 PM The expression must evaluate to a built-in data type. There can be multiple Case clauses, and the Case Else clause is optional. The value type should match the expression type and can be a single value, a list separated by commas, or a range separated by the keyword To. End Select is required to complete the S e le c t...C a s e statement. The S e le c t...C a s e statement below uses the value of a score to determine the message to display: Select Case score Case 0, 10 'score is 0 or 10 Me.lblMessage.Text = "Nice try." Case 20 To 23 'score is 20, 21, 22, or 23 Me.lblMessage.Text = "Great!" Case Else 'score not 0, 10, 20, 21, 22, 23 Me.lblMessage.Text = "Invalid score." End Select Review: Hurricane The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale provides a rating (a category) depending on the current intensity of a hurricane. Create a Hurricane application that prompts the user for a wind speed and then displays the hurricane category. Display the speed in miles per hour (mph), knots (kts), and kilometers per hour (km/hr). Refer to the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale below for wind speeds. The application interface should be similar to that shown on the right after typing 100 and clicking Category. Category 1: 74-95 mph or 64-82 kt or 119-153 km/hr Category 2: 96-110 mph or 83-95 kt or 154-177 km/hr Category 3: 111-130 mph or 96-113 kt or 178-209 km/hr Category 4: 131-155 mph or 114-135 kt or 210-249 km/hr Category 5: greater than 155 mph or 135 kt or 249 km/hr The Select…Case Is Statement The S e le c t...C a s e I s statement compares the result of an expression to a range of values when a relational operator is part of the value.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter 7 Expressions and Assignment Statements
    Chapter 7 Expressions and Assignment Statements Chapter 7 Topics Introduction Arithmetic Expressions Overloaded Operators Type Conversions Relational and Boolean Expressions Short-Circuit Evaluation Assignment Statements Mixed-Mode Assignment Chapter 7 Expressions and Assignment Statements Introduction Expressions are the fundamental means of specifying computations in a programming language. To understand expression evaluation, need to be familiar with the orders of operator and operand evaluation. Essence of imperative languages is dominant role of assignment statements. Arithmetic Expressions Their evaluation was one of the motivations for the development of the first programming languages. Most of the characteristics of arithmetic expressions in programming languages were inherited from conventions that had evolved in math. Arithmetic expressions consist of operators, operands, parentheses, and function calls. The operators can be unary, or binary. C-based languages include a ternary operator, which has three operands (conditional expression). The purpose of an arithmetic expression is to specify an arithmetic computation. An implementation of such a computation must cause two actions: o Fetching the operands from memory o Executing the arithmetic operations on those operands. Design issues for arithmetic expressions: 1. What are the operator precedence rules? 2. What are the operator associativity rules? 3. What is the order of operand evaluation? 4. Are there restrictions on operand evaluation side effects? 5. Does the language allow user-defined operator overloading? 6. What mode mixing is allowed in expressions? Operator Evaluation Order 1. Precedence The operator precedence rules for expression evaluation define the order in which “adjacent” operators of different precedence levels are evaluated (“adjacent” means they are separated by at most one operand).
    [Show full text]
  • A Concurrent PASCAL Compiler for Minicomputers
    512 Appendix A DIFFERENCES BETWEEN UCSD'S PASCAL AND STANDARD PASCAL The PASCAL language used in this book contains most of the features described by K. Jensen and N. Wirth in PASCAL User Manual and Report, Springer Verlag, 1975. We refer to the PASCAL defined by Jensen and Wirth as "Standard" PASCAL, because of its widespread acceptance even though no international standard for the language has yet been established. The PASCAL used in this book has been implemented at University of California San Diego (UCSD) in a complete software system for use on a variety of small stand-alone microcomputers. This will be referred to as "UCSD PASCAL", which differs from the standard by a small number of omissions, a very small number of alterations, and several extensions. This appendix provides a very brief summary Of these differences. Only the PASCAL constructs used within this book will be mentioned herein. Documents are available from the author's group at UCSD describing UCSD PASCAL in detail. 1. CASE Statements Jensen & Wirth state that if there is no label equal to the value of the case statement selector, then the result of the case statement is undefined. UCSD PASCAL treats this situation by leaving the case statement normally with no action being taken. 2. Comments In UCSD PASCAL, a comment appears between the delimiting symbols "(*" and "*)". If the opening delimiter is followed immediately by a dollar sign, as in "(*$", then the remainder of the comment is treated as a directive to the compiler. The only compiler directive mentioned in this book is (*$G+*), which tells the compiler to allow the use of GOTO statements.
    [Show full text]
  • Operators and Expressions
    UNIT – 3 OPERATORS AND EXPRESSIONS Lesson Structure 3.0 Objectives 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Arithmetic Operators 3.3 Relational Operators 3.4 Logical Operators 3.5 Assignment Operators 3.6 Increment and Decrement Operators 3.7 Conditional Operator 3.8 Bitwise Operators 3.9 Special Operators 3.10 Arithmetic Expressions 3.11 Evaluation of Expressions 3.12 Precedence of Arithmetic Operators 3.13 Type Conversions in Expressions 3.14 Operator Precedence and Associability 3.15 Mathematical Functions 3.16 Summary 3.17 Questions 3.18 Suggested Readings 3.0 Objectives After going through this unit you will be able to: Define and use different types of operators in Java programming Understand how to evaluate expressions? Understand the operator precedence and type conversion And write mathematical functions. 3.1 Introduction Java supports a rich set of operators. We have already used several of them, such as =, +, –, and *. An operator is a symbol that tells the computer to perform certain mathematical or logical manipulations. Operators are used in programs to manipulate data and variables. They usually form a part of mathematical or logical expressions. Java operators can be classified into a number of related categories as below: 1. Arithmetic operators 2. Relational operators 1 3. Logical operators 4. Assignment operators 5. Increment and decrement operators 6. Conditional operators 7. Bitwise operators 8. Special operators 3.2 Arithmetic Operators Arithmetic operators are used to construct mathematical expressions as in algebra. Java provides all the basic arithmetic operators. They are listed in Tabled 3.1. The operators +, –, *, and / all works the same way as they do in other languages.
    [Show full text]
  • Types of Operators Description Arithmetic Operators These Are
    UNIT II OPERATORS Types of Operators Description These are used to perform mathematical calculations like addition, subtraction, Arithmetic_operators multiplication, division and modulus These are used to assign the values for Assignment_operators the variables in C programs. These operators are used to compare the Relational operators value of two variables. These operators are used to perform logical operations on the given two Logical operators variables. These operators are used to perform bit Bit wise operators operations on given two variables. Conditional operators return one value Conditional (ternary) if condition is true and returns another operators value is condition is false. These operators are used to either Increment/decrement increase or decrease the value of the operators variable by one. Special operators &, *, sizeof( ) and ternary operator ARITHMETIC OPERATORS IN C: C Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical calculations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and modulus in C programs. Arithmetic Operators/Operation Example + (Addition) A+B – (Subtraction) A-B * (multiplication) A*B / (Division) A/B % (Modulus) A%B EXAMPLE PROGRAM FOR C ARITHMETIC OPERATORS: // Working of arithmetic operators #include <stdio.h> int main() { int a = 9,b = 4, c; c = a+b; printf("a+b = %d \n",c); c = a-b; printf("a-b = %d \n",c); c = a*b; printf("a*b = %d \n",c); c = a/b; printf("a/b = %d \n",c); c = a%b; printf("Remainder when a divided by b = %d \n",c); return 0; } Output a+b = 13 a-b = 5 a*b = 36 a/b = 2 Remainder when a divided by b=1 Assignment Operators The Assignment Operator evaluates an expression on the right of the expression and substitutes it to the value or variable on the left of the expression.
    [Show full text]
  • Brief Overview of Python Programming Language
    Brief Overview Chapter of Python 3 In this chapter » Introduction to Python » Python Keywords “Don't you hate code that's not properly » Identifiers indented? Making it [indenting] part of » Variables the syntax guarantees that all code is » Data Types properly indented.” » Operators » Expressions — G. van Rossum » Input and Output » Debugging » Functions » if..else Statements » 3.1 INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON for Loop » Nested Loops An ordered set of instructions or commands to be executed by a computer is called a program. The language used to specify those set of instructions to the computer is called a programming language for example Python, C, C++, Java, etc. This chapter gives a brief overview of Python programming language. Python is a very popular and easy to learn programming language, created by Guido van Rossum in 1991. It is used in a variety of fields, including software development, web development, scientific computing, big data 2021-22 Chap 3.indd 31 19-Jul-19 3:16:31 PM 32 INFORMATICS PRACTICES – CLASS XI and Artificial Intelligence. The programs given in this book are written using Python 3.7.0. However, one can install any version of Python 3 to follow the programs given. Download Python 3.1.1 Working with Python The latest version of To write and run (execute) a Python program, we need Python is available on the to have a Python interpreter installed on our computer official website: or we can use any online Python interpreter. The https://www.python. interpreter is also called Python shell. A sample screen org/ of Python interpreter is shown in Figure 3.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Syntax of Mini-Pascal (Spring 2016)
    Syntax of Mini-Pascal (Spring 2016) Mini-Pascal is a simplified (and slightly modified) subset of Pascal. Generally, the meaning of the features of Mini-Pascal programs are similar to their semantics in other common imperative languages, such as C. 1. Mini-Pascal allows nested functions and procedures, i.e. subroutines which are defined within another. A nested function is invisible outside of its immediately enclosing function (procedure / block), but can access preceding visible local objects (data, functions, etc.) of its enclosing functions (procedures / blocks). Within the same scope (procedure / function / block), identifiers must be unique but it is OK to redefine a name in an inner scope. 2. A var parameter is passed by reference , i.e. its address is passed, and inside the subroutine the parameter name acts as a synonym for the variable given as an argument. A called procedure or function can freely read and write a variable that the caller passed in the argument list. 3. Mini-Pascal includes a C-style assert statement (if an assertion fails the system prints out a diagnostic message and halts execution). 4. The Mini-Pascal operation a.size only applies to values of type array of T (where T is a type). There are only one-dimensional arrays. Array types are compatible only if they have the same element type. Arrays' indices begin with zero. The compatibility of array indices and array sizes is usually checked at run time. 5. By default, variables in Pascal are not initialized (with zero or otherwise); so they may initially contain rubbish values.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Python ?
    Class-XI Computer Science Python Fundamentals Notes What is python ? Python is object oriented high level computer language developed by Guido Van Rossum in 1990s . It was named after a British TV show namely ‘Monty Python’s Flying circus’. Python is a programming language, as are C, Fortran, BASIC, PHP, etc. Some specific features of Python are as follows: • an interpreted (as opposed to compiled) language. Contrary to e.g. C or Fortran, one does not compile Python code before executing it. In addition, Python can be used interactively: many Python interpreters are available, from which commands and scripts can be executed. • a free software released under an open-source license: Python can be used and distributed free of charge, even for building commercial software. • multi-platform: Python is available for all major operating systems, Windows, Linux/Unix, MacOS X, most likely your mobile phone OS, etc. • a very readable language with clear non-verbose syntax • a language for which a large variety of high-quality packages are available for various applications, from web frameworks to scientific computing. • a language very easy to interface with other languages, in particular C and C++. • Some other features of the language are illustrated just below. For example, Python is an object-oriented language, with dynamic typing (the same variable can contain objects of different types during the course of a program). Python character set: • Letters : A-Z , a-z • Digits : 0-9 • Special symbols : space,+,-,*,/,** etc. • Whitespace : blank space, tabs(->),carriage return, newline, formfeed • Other characters :python can process all ASCII and unicode characters as part of data PYTHON TERMINOLOGY : Tokens: A smallest individual unit in a program is known as tokens.
    [Show full text]
  • Software II: Principles of Programming Languages Why Expressions?
    Software II: Principles of Programming Languages Lecture 7 – Expressions and Assignment Statements Why Expressions? • Expressions are the fundamental means of specifying computations in a programming language • To understand expression evaluation, need to be familiar with the orders of operator and operand evaluation • Essence of imperative languages is dominant role of assignment statements 1 Arithmetic Expressions • Arithmetic evaluation was one of the motivations for the development of the first programming languages • Arithmetic expressions consist of operators, operands, parentheses, and function calls Arithmetic Expressions: Design Issues • Design issues for arithmetic expressions – Operator precedence rules? – Operator associativity rules? – Order of operand evaluation? – Operand evaluation side effects? – Operator overloading? – Type mixing in expressions? 2 Arithmetic Expressions: Operators • A unary operator has one operand • A binary operator has two operands • A ternary operator has three operands Arithmetic Expressions: Operator Precedence Rules • The operator precedence rules for expression evaluation define the order in which “adjacent” operators of different precedence levels are evaluated • Typical precedence levels – parentheses – unary operators – ** (if the language supports it) – *, / – +, - 3 Arithmetic Expressions: Operator Associativity Rule • The operator associativity rules for expression evaluation define the order in which adjacent operators with the same precedence level are evaluated • Typical associativity
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to C++
    Introduction to C++ CLASS- 4 Expressions, OOPS Concepts Anshuman Dixit Expressions C++ contains expressions, which can consist of one or more operands, zero or more operators to compute a value. Every expression produces some value which is assigned to the variable with the help of an assignment operator. Ex- (a+b) - c 4a2 - 5b +c (a+b) * (x+y) Anshuman Dixit Expressions An expression can be of following types: • Constant expressions • Integral expressions • Float expressions • Pointer expressions • Relational expressions • Logical expressions • Bitwise expressions • Special assignment expressions Anshuman Dixit Constant expressions A constant expression is an expression that consists of only constant values. It is an expression whose value is determined at the compile-time but evaluated at the run-time. It can be composed of integer, character, floating-point, and enumeration constants. Ex- Expression containing constant Constant value x = (2/3) * 4 (2/3) * 4 extern int y = 67 67 int z = 43 43 Anshuman Dixit Integral and Float Expressions An integer expression is an expression that produces the integer value as output after performing all the explicit and implicit conversions. Ex- (x * y) -5 (where x and y are integers) Float Expressions: A float expression is an expression that produces floating-point value as output after performing all the explicit and implicit conversions. Anshuman Dixit Pointer and relationship Expressions A pointer expression is an expression that produces address value as an output. Ex- &x, ptr, ptr++, ptr-- Relational Expressions- A relational expression is an expression that produces a value of type bool, which can be either true or false.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Relational Operators and Query Optimization Kathleen Durant Phd CS 3200
    Evaluation of relational operators and query optimization Kathleen Durant PhD CS 3200 1 Introduction • In network and hierarchical DBMSs, low-level procedural query language is generally embedded in high-level programming language. • Programmer’s responsibility to select most appropriate execution strategy. • With declarative languages such as SQL, user specifies what data is required rather than how it is to be retrieved. • Relieves user of knowing what constitutes good execution strategy. Pearson Education © 2014 2 Introduction • Also gives DBMS more control over system performance. • Two main techniques for query optimization: • heuristic rules that order operations in a query; • comparing different strategies based on relative costs, and selecting one that minimizes resource usage. • Disk access tends to be dominant cost in query processing for centralized DBMS. Pearson Education © 2014 3 Query Processing Activities involved in retrieving data from the database. • Aims of QP: • transform query written in high-level language (e.g. SQL), into correct and efficient execution strategy expressed in low-level language (implementing RA); • execute strategy to retrieve required data. Pearson Education © 2014 4 Why is it important? • Now that we know about the benefits of indexes, how does the DBMS know when to use them? • An SQL query can be implemented in many ways, but which one is best? • Perform selection before or after join etc. • Many ways of physically implementing a join (or other relational operator), how to choose the right one? • The DBMS does this automatically, but we need to understand it to know what performance to expect 5 Query Evaluation • SQL query is implemented by a query plan • Tree of relational operators • Each internal node operates on its children • Can choose different operator implementations • Two main issues in query optimization: • For a given query, what plans are considered? • Algorithm to search plan space for cheapest (estimated) plan.
    [Show full text]
  • Fortran 90 Standard Statement Keywords
    APPENDIX A FORTRAN 90 STANDARD STATEMENT KEYWORDS For a given dialect of Fortran, there is normally some sort of refer­ ence document that formally specifies the valid syntax for each variety of statement. For most categories of statements, the syntax rules dic­ tate the appearance of fixed sequences of letters, traditionally known as keywords, at specified places in the statement. In particular, most state­ ments are required to begin with a keyword made up of a sequence of letters that constitute an ordinary word in the English language. Exam­ ples of such words are DO, END, and INTEGER. Some statements begin with a pair of keywords (for example, GO TO, DOUBLE PRECISION, ELSE IF). Furthermore, the term "keyword" encompasses certain sequences of letters appearing to the left of an equal sign (=) in a parenthesized list in certain (mostly I/O) statements. Consider, for example, the following statement: READ (UNIT = 15, FMT = "(A)", lOSTAT = ios) buf Here, the initial sequence of letters READ is, of course, a keyword, but also UNIT, FMT, and 10STAT are considered to be keywords, even though FMT and 10STAT are not English words. And, there are additional situ­ ations in Fortran where a particular sequence of letters appearing in a particular context is characterized as being a keyword. In Fortran 90, the sort of sequence of letters that has traditionally been called a "keyword" has been redesignated as a statement key­ word. The modifier "statement" has been prepended to distinguish the traditional sort of keyword from the Fortran 90 "argument keyword" as described in Section 13.9.
    [Show full text]
  • Boolean Data and Relational Operators
    BOOLEAN DATA AND RELATIONAL OPERATORS George Boole (1815-1864) was a British mathematician who invented the Boolean algebra, which is the basis of computer arithmetic for all modern computers. Because of this, we now consider Boole one of the founders of computer science even though electronic computers did not exist when he was alive. Boolean algebra involves “arithmetic” similar to that of numbers that you learned in school, except that a Boolean operation is either true or false. Java represents these two truth values using the keywords true and false, respectively. A variable of the built-in data type boolean can hold either the value true or false stored as an 8-bit integer. Example boolean done = false; boolean success = true; A relational operator takes two non-Boolean primitive operands, compares them and yields true or false. Relational Operators Symbol Operation Precedence Association < Less than <= Less than or equal to 6 Cannot be cascaded > Greater than >= Greater than or equal to See the topic Data Types and Operators → Introduction to Java Data Types and Operators Boolean Data and Relational Operators Page 1 Examples Assume x is initialized to 12.5. x < 12.0 is false x > 12.0 is true x <= 12.5 is true x <= 12.0 is false x >= 12.5 is true x >= 12.0 is true A relational operator is evaluated after all arithmetic operators and before any assignment operator. Example The follow statement determines if a student got 75% or better on a test boolean passedTest = (total-numberWrong) / total >= 0.75; Relational operators cannot be cascaded.
    [Show full text]