September 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23739 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS A DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION? cent in 1974. The percentage who had "hard­ Education Association last week, teachers THE FACTS SAY "NO" ly any confidence" increased sharply-from were out picketing for better pay and bene­ 9 percent in 1977 to 15 percent in 1978. fits in eight states. It was not an auspicious The average salary for classroom teachers beginning for the school year. McGuire, a was $14,995 in 1977, and the projected sal­ 51-year-old junior high algebra and Span­ HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL ary for 1979 was $15,575 (in 1977 dollars). ish teacher from Long Prairie, Minn. (and OF ILLINOIS Parents overwhelmingly respond negative­ for the past five years vice-president of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ly when asked about the effect of the one­ NEA), enjoyed hearing from old friend Fritz parent family on the education of children. Mondale : "Finally a vice-president from Thursday, September 6, 1979 Sixty-three percent see single parenthood as Minnesota has become a president!'" Aside e Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, Phi Delta adversely affecting education. from that moment of levity, McGuire fore­ Kappa magazine, September 1979, re­ The percentage of children living with saw many problems in the nation's school ports some findings from "The Condition both parents has declined among both whites system, caused by plummeting teacher mo­ and blacks since 1960. In 1977, 53 percent of rale. He knows the problems first-hand. Born of Education: 1979 Edition," the annual black children and 15 percent of white chil­ the son of a shoe repairman he was high report of the National Center for Educa­ dren were living with only one parent. school class valedictorian, graduated from tion Statistics. According to this survey, Since 1969 college graduates have faced Macalester College in St. Paul and got an public confidence in the people who run increased competition for higher-status M.Ed. before putting in 24 years in the the Nation's schools is the lowest in 6 white-collar employment. Less than half of classroom. years; 64 percent of 17-year-olds devote the college graduates who joined the labor "I didn't win any student polls,," he ad­ less than 5 hours to homework each force between 1969 and 1976 entered profes­ mits, "but early on they dedicated a year­ week; current expenditures of public sional or technical work. book to me." In the 1950s concern for work­ Sixty-four percent of 17-year-olds devote ing conditions and quality education made school systems have more than tripled less than five hours to homework each week. him an activist in the local teachers' as­ since 1957, even when adjusted for in­ Since 1950 the percent of youth enrolled sociation ("I guess I wanted to have a hand flation. in school has increased, and the proportion in my destiny"). Now on leave from his A recent interview with the head of enrolled in grades lower than normal for school district, McGuire lives in Arlington, the National Education Association their age has decreased sharply. In 1950, 26 Va. with wife Helen, 50, a high school sweet­ percent of 15-year-olds were enrolled in heart, and daughter Lynn, 17. There he (NEA) suggests that the decline in discussed with Barbara Rowes of PEOPLE in lower-than-normal grades; in 1976 the figure American education is now its critical was only 9 percent, showing that social pro­ the growing malady of "teacher burn-out," a stage. Teachers are quitting because of motions are much more common now. problem he believes "threatens to reach hur­ classroom violence and public apathy, More than two-thirds of the public be­ ricane force if it isn't checked soon." states William H. McGuire, president of lieve examinations should be used to deter­ What is "teacher burn'..out"? NEA. mine grade promotion. I'm talking about the stress, tension and Of the 36 states developing minimum anxiety which is driving teachers out of the U.S. News and World Report, in its field. A third of them, according to an NEA September 10, 1979, issue, reports calls to competency tests, less than half plan to use the examinat ions as a: requirement for high survey, would not enter teaching if they were upgrade education are reaching a fever school graduation. starting their careers again. -pitch reflecting wide discontent-and College graduates earn at least 30 percent What causes such widespread teacher promising change in America's class­ more annually than high school graduates dissatisfaction? rooms. with no college experience. Ten years a.go, Thousands are in desperate need of help. The proposed Department of Educa­ however, college graduates earned 50 percent They can't sleep, often feel depressed and are more. physically run-down. Basically the problems tion will not solve any of the problems stem from teachers' not knowing how to cope that have brought about this discon­ Fifty-one percent of the public believed in 1978 thait too little is spent on education and with violence, vandalism, disruptive stu­ tent. In fact the opposi1te is true: It is health and too much on welfare and foreign dents, inadequate salaries, involuntary precisely the kind of Federal bureau­ aid/ defense. transfers, oversized classes, excessive paper­ cratic interference represented by the work, standardized tests and the lack of Department of Education that has con­ Since 1942 state and federal shares of pub­ support from school administrators and lic school revenues have been increasing, community groups. tributed to the decline of the public while the local share has decreased by almost school system. The best thing that could 20 percent. How serious is student violence? happen for American children is for the The percent of successful school bond elec­ More than 110,000 teachers-or one in 20- Department of Education to be forgot­ tions increased to 55 in 1977, up from only 46 were physically attacked by students last ten. percent in 1975. In 1967, however, the success year. Only half the teachers who reported attacks against them were satisfied with sup­ At this time I wish to insert in the rate was 66 percent. The number of elections decreased from 1,625 in 1967 to 858 in 1977, port from administrators, many of whom re­ RECORD "Condition of Education: 1979 and the total value of the issues approved de­ fuse to report violent incidents for fear of Reports Significant Trends" as pub­ creased from $2.1 billion in 1967 to $1.3 bil­ tarnishing the school's reputation. lished in Phi Delta Kappa, September lion in 1977. How does this differ from classroom mis­ 1979; "Classroom Violence and Public Current expenditures of public school sys­ chief of the past? Apathy: Two Reasons Why Teachers Are tems have more than tripled since 1957, even Pranks have been part and parcel of the Quitting in Droves," from People Maga­ when adjusted for inflation. school scene for centuries. But today we're zine, September 10, 1979; and "Give Us Median per-pupil expenditure in the na­ dealing with hard crime: assaults, murders, Better Schools," U.S._ News and World tion in 1977 was $1,278. Highest-spending robberies, extortion and rampant vandalism. Report, September 10, 1979. states: Alaska, $8,049; Wyoming, $1,601; New Some teachers have begun to evidence psy­ York, $1 ,591. Lowest-spending states: Ten­ chological symptoms similar to "combat The articles follow: nessee, $766; Kentucky, $821; South Car­ neurosis." Often they face real danger. A CONDITION OF EDUCATION: 1979 REPORTS olina, $833; Mississippi, $840. dramatic example of this took place in SIGNIFICANT TRENDS Single copies of the report are available Austin, Texas. A bright 14-year-old student What's the condition of education in 1979? without charge from the Public tions Divi­ came to school with a rifle and shot one of The Condition of Education: 1979 Edition, sion of NCES. Phone 202/ 245-8511. For more his teachers to death in front of his horrified the annual report of the National Center for than one copy, order from the Superintend­ classmates. The boy is now in a mental Education Statistics, offers the best answer ent of Documents, U.S. Government Print­ institution. available in one volume. ing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, and ask How has the nature of school vandalism This year's effort, continuing the same for stock number 017-080-02008-4. You may changed? high quality of the series since its inception send a check or be billed. Price: $7 per copy. A generation ago a window might acci­ several years ago, reports that: dentally get broken during a ball game. But Public confidence in the people who run CLASSROOM VIOLENCE AND PUBLIC APATHY: today school authorities often return one the nation's education system has fallen to Two REASONS WHY TEACHERS ARE QUITTING morning to find literally hundreds of win­ its lowest point in six years. Only 28 percent IN DROVES dows broken. This is high-cost destruction. said they had "a great deal of confidence" As Willard H. McGuire took over as presi­ In addition, more than 25 percent of the in 1978. It was 37 percent in 1973 and 49 per- dent of the 1.8 million-member National teachers in this country suffered damage to

•This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. 23740 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1979 or loss o! personal property in their schools Any 111 that society discovers, it now turns dents, are on the rise. Private schools where during the year. • over to the schools. In addition to teach­ traditional values predominate are increas­ In general, how are relations between stu­ ing students to read, wrLte and do arithmetic ingly popular. Parents are assuming more dents and teachers? computations, there have been increasing power in school affairs. In the past there was almost an unques­ pressures to meet other needs--driver train­ Many taxpayers are particularly worried tioning attitude on the part o! the students. ing, family education, vocational guidance, about deteriorating academic quality among When I was growing up in Minnesota, there life adjustment, drug education, needs of the students and teachers alike, turmoil over was a healthy respect for education and edu­ handicapped. The burden o! filling out forms busing for racial balance and teacher xnili­ cators. Education was the foundation o! our and other paperwork falls on the classroom tancy that is showing up in strikes from republic, the key to upward mobility. The teacher, who now has to meet deadlines for Pennsylvania. to Oklahoma. teacher was right. The school was right. That local, state and national records as well as There is also uncertainty about the pros­ probably was going too far, but today that prepare lessons and teach. Many teachers pect of a new federal department of educa­ respect is dying or already dead. As many as think it·s just not worth it, and are looking tion and the impact of tight budgets and 75 percent o! teachers now say that discipline for other ways to earn a living. declining enrollments. is their No. 1 problem. Is job security a problem? TURNING POINT There were heavy layoffs in the early 1970s. Why is there a decline in authority? Most educators agree that by any measure Today the greatest insecurities arise around Virtually all institutions are being ques­ this will be a pivotal year for American edu­ tioned by the public. Schools are of course tax cut legislation. As late as last month, cation. Observes Virginia Sparling of Bel­ not immune. They have been the subjects o! some teachers didn't know if they had a job levue, Wash., newly installed president of the the same criticism and lack o! trust. And !or this school year. In many cases they National PTA: "U.S. schools educate more students, who are raised in this environment, resigned rather than wa.iit a.round until the people to a higher level than any other na­ pick up on this. The genesis o! all o! it is last minute. tion, but they face compelling problems that frustation, frustration at school, frustration Have salaries improved? mu.st be solved if free public education is to with life and society. It can find expresssion The high point in real income for teach­ survive." in lighting a fire in a wastepaper basket or ers was 1969-71. From the time of the 1971 Ernest L. Boyer, who recently stepped down stealing expensive equipment from the class­ wage-price freeze, teachers have been losing as U.S. commissioner of education, notes that room. ground. In at least eight states we actual­ 25 percent of students leave high school be­ How do most students react when a con­ ly have teachers on food stamps. Teachers fore graduation, a dropout rate he calls "a frontation occurs? have even had to buy their own supplies and national disgrace." He adds: A decade ago peer pressure was always on paper for the classroom. "The mood in many schools is one of hos­ the side of the teacher when a disruption How can we rehabilitate the profession? tility. Students sense a great gap between broke out in the classroom. Today that peer First we must admit we have a problem. their own goals and the goals of the institu­ pressure has shifted to the side of the dis­ That is the most difficult partr-getting the tion. Much of what is taught in school is ruptive student. community to acknowledge the problems o! relevant-but much is not." Is violence largely the problem of inner- violence, vandalism, teacher stress and now Teachers, too, complain that the climate in city schools? . burn-out. many schools is not designed for learning. No. That's an important point. The black­ What is the NEA specifically doing to im­ One fifth of all senior high schools report five board jungle of the 1950s is everywhere in prove the situation? or more crimes each month. Eleven percent of the 1970s-rural, suburban, urban, even in We had such an overwhelming demand junior-high and high-school students have the highest-income communities. Last from teachers for instruction about discipline something stolen every month. Christmas vacation, in fact, it happened that we have started discipline worlrnhops Leaders of teacher groups complain of right here in Fairfax County when two stu­ throughout the country. We have even "teacher burnout" under such conditions. dents and a recent grad set fire to a high prepared a "discipline kit" to sensitize the Thousands of teachers, particularly those school, causing $4.5 million worth of dam­ communities to the problems in the schools. with long service, are leaving the field be­ age. Even after they were released on bond, These a.re being sent out to all of our near­ cause of the excessive mental and physical one of them was involved in a second inci­ ly 10,000 local associations. In Colorado, a stresses imposed by today's classrooms. dent. At night, he and some others spun new law requests administrators to report at­ "Violence and vandalism are problems that their car wheels on the assistant principal's tacks on teachers to law enforcement agen­ were not there 20 years ago,'' says Willard H. lawn and did other damage to his property. cies. That state aJ.so is planning a hot line McGuire, president of the National Education This was in one of the better school districts so teachers can get immediate counseling­ Association. So disgruntled were teachers last in this country! something we'd like to see done across the school year that they called 160 strikes and How are teachers coping with drugs in country. walkouts, closing schools for millions. the schools? Does teaching have a future? FALLING SCORES There is no pat way to handle it. Not only We have a sense of mission which I did is the teacher unsure about what to do, but not detect some yea.rs ago. I am very op­ Most disheartening to many is the falloff in society in general is unsure. Experimenta­ timistic that there will be a tomorrow. achievement levels. Since 1965, Scholastic tion with marijuana often begins in grades Aptitude Test scores have declined steadily, dropping roughly 11 percent nationally !or four, five and six. The difficulty is that the KIDS, TEACHERS AND PARENTS : "GIVE Us BETTER teacher has to make very quick Judgments SCHOOLS" . an average student. An estimated 13 percent about what to do when she smells students of all high-school graduates are functional Calls to upgrade education are reaching illiterates-unable to read and write well smoldng marijuana in the bathroom or the fever pitch, refiecting wide discontent-and hallways. It would be deceptively easy to be­ enough to get along. Some book publishers promising change in America's classrooms. have revised high-school texts to the sixth­ lieve that all the teacher has to do is remove Shocked by the deterioration of U.S. those students who are high. Each school grade level of comprehension. employee along the line has a problem. The schools, millions of Americans are demand­ Efforts to set up competency standards !or principal has a problem, because he or she ing rapid improvement in every aspect o! students--an idea designed to raise academic needs support from the community and law education as a new term opens. bench marlts--now are being cited as reduc­ enforcement and perhaps isn't getting it. The taxpaying public, its nerves rubbed ing academic performance. Contends John C. What we find is a new ball game, where raw by the steep decline in educational Sawhill, president of New York: University: the various players don't know what the standards during the last decade, is suddenly "In their attempt to correct social inequities, others are going to do. That leads to a very belligerent-no longer willing to support lax schools are often setting standards as low as uneasy situation. school performance. to be meaningless and even detrimental." The message is clear: Americans want the Sawhill and others believe that schools What is different a.bout this generation 46 million students enrolling this fall to get of students? have been aslted to do too much to solve the better value in return for a record 80 billion nation's social problems. They note that the A generation ago we had a high dropout dollars in ublic-school funds budgeted for long-sought goal of equality of educational rate in high schools-only 50 percent of stu­ 1979-80. opportunity is now within reach for all-the dents stayed in through the age of 17. Now Parents are demanding a wide range o! handicapped, the culturally and economi­ we have a retention rate of at least 85 per­ changes-from tests of teacher competency cally disadvantaged, racial minorities and cent-and in many cases better than that. women. However, educators also suggest that This means that problem students who pre­ to better textbooks. Teachers want more discipline in the many these gains in access may have been bought viously dropped out are now being kept in at the price of quality for all. school. rn general, I do believe this benefits schools where young vandals and thugs run riot. They also seek higher salaries for their Jncreasingly, middle-aged parents are society in the long run, but in the short run reacting to such changes by putting their the size of classes has increased, giving the efforts. children in private or select public schools. teacher less time to interact with the stu­ Students are calling for more-effective or by turning to low-cost denominational dents. courses to equip them better for jobs and schools. Why are thousands deserting the public colleges. The result, asserts Milton Bins of the schools, like the former Florida "Teacher o! Because of these demands, changes already Council of Great City Schools, is a "stratified the Year" who is quitting in frustraition after are under way. "Alternative schools,'' cater­ school society" in which urban schools are 18 years? ing to the special needS of individual stu- populated by the poorest and most deprived September 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23741 s~udents. In nearly all major cities, black, kids at home, they cannot be disciplined in see good golf and at the same time help Hispanic and other minority students com­ school. Learning cannot take place without thousands of kids throughout the coun­ prise more tha.n 60 percent of the total pub­ discipline," she says. lic-school enrollment. Teachers, defending their record, also try.• Many educators agree that financial prob­ point out that American education succeeds lems are at the heart of most problems in far better than school systems in most other the classrooms. As the chart on page 31 nations. From infancy, Americans have MR. C.R. SMITH EXIDBIT AT shows, there are fewer and fewer students to learning opportunities rarely available else­ UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS teach, yet built-in instructional costs allow where. no letup in the rise of school budgets. Educators realize, however, that schools Explains Boyer: "If you have 35 children are now on notice as never before to improve, HON. J. J. PICKLE in first grade this year, and only 29 children and that this will be a crucial year in de­ OF TEXAS next fall, you still need a teacher, you need to ciding whether they will succeed, or merely IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES heat the classroom, you need the same equip­ survive.e ment." Thursday, September 6, 1979 TAX RESENTMENTS o Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, many of That does not appease today's antispend­ FELLOWSHIP OF CHRISTIAN ATH­ ing, antigovernment public, particularly in my colleagues who served in the House states with tax-limitation proposals. .. LETES BRINGS PRO GOLF TOUR during the late 1960's, along with the Local property taxes-for decades the chief TO FAIRFAX Members familiar with the history of support of public schools-are the least fair aviation, are familiar with Mr. C. R. and most hated form of tax, say advocates Smith. of Proposition 13-type proposals. They also HON. HERBERT E. HARRIS II note that property-poor areas must tax them­ OF vmGINIA Mr. Smith headed American Airlines for several years and served as Secretary selves at a higher rate to generate the same IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tax dollars as their property-rich neighbors. of Commerce in 1968-69. He has been Moreover, declining birth rates mean more Thursday, September 6, 1979 considered a leader and a pioneer in the childless families with little direct stake in • Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, normally a aviation field. C. R. Smith is a distin­ schools, thus adding to taxpayer resent­ professional golf tournament is not the guished alumnus of the University of ment-and a tendency, in many areas, to Texas at Austin. In his honor, the uni­ fight school taxes. type of activity that deserves recognition Efforts to reform school :finances to equal­ on the floor of the House. But there is a versity has recently opened an exhibit of ize per-pupil spending have only shifted the very special golf tournament scheduled his memorabilia. burden away from local levels to the states, for Monday, September 10, at the Coun­ Now living in Washington, C. R. Smith officials point out. try Club of Fairfax, in the district which is enjoying retirement, after a long and In California, the state's share of school I represent, which I believe deserves spe­ distinguished career in aviation, busi­ costs has jumped to 80 percent from 46 per­ ness, and government service. The at­ cent two years ago-partly the result of the cial recognition. The tournament is be­ Proposition 13 vote. ing held on behalf of the Fellowship of tached news release from the University 1Now California may lead the way in a Christian Athletes which works with of Texas mentions the exhibit and re­ voucher plan known as "Family Choice." The some 22,000 young people around the views the career of this fine American: proposed voucher system would make schol­ country teaching them athletics and the NEWS RELEASE FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS arships equal to 90 percent of tuition avail­ value of living in a Christian manner. AUSTIN, TEx.-The University o! Texas has able to every student and applicable at either The organization sponsors summer placed on permanent exhibit some of the a public or private school. The question is camps throughout the country and has notable awards and other memorabllla mark­ likely to be voted on next June. chapters in many of our Nation's schools ing the career of C. R. Smith, a UT alumnus Public-school administrators shudder at who ls considered to be a legend in the devel­ the idea, and teacher groups contend that and colleges. Thousands of professional athletes donate their time to this orga­ opment of U.S. commercial and mllltary air vouchers would signal the death o! public transportation. education. Proponents assert that competi­ nization, including Danas Cowboy's The materials are housed in a special alcove tion would improve public schools and stu­ quarterback Roger Staubach, Miami Dol­ o! the Reserve Reading Room ( 2 .500) of UT's dent choices. phin's quarterback Bob Griese, and for­ main library, the Perry-Castaneda Library. AID OUTLOOK mer Baltimore Oriole's baseball great, Mr. Smith headed American Airlines !or Will the federal government come to the Brooks Robinson. many years, was deputy commander o! the aid o! local schools that are financially op­ Mr. Speaker, I am extremely proud U.S. Army Air Force's worldwide Air Trans­ pressed? Few officials expect a massive in­ port Command in World War II and served crease in federal funding, but they do look that this organization has decided to as President Lyndon B. Johnson's Secretary !or more funding for specific programs­ hold its first national Pro-Am tourna­ o! Commerce in 1968-69. such as basic-skills development, bilingual ment in this area. And the Country Club Now retired, he makes his home in Wash­ education and aid to the handicapped. of Fairfax is to be commended for donat­ ington, D.C. He attended the University from Legislation creating a federal education ing the club's facilities for the tourna­ 1921 through 1924 and was named a "distin­ department is not expected to be enacted ment. I would especially like to commend guished alumnus" by the UT Ex-Students' until October, and even then the vote in the hundreds of members of the club for Association in 1963. Congress will be close. If approved, the de­ Among mementos in the new UT display partment may not be organized until March. performing voluntary services to help are trophies, medals, citations, photographs Despite rising public disgruntlement with run the tournament. and other materials attesting to Mr. Smith's schools, there ls some cause for optimism. Some 30 of the top names of the Pro accomplishments in civil and m111tary avia­ Parents are taking a more active role in edu­ Golf Association will take part in Mon - tion, business and government. cation, challenging school-board policies, day's tournament and many of them Included are the 1970 Wright Brothers teacher competency and budget priorities. have donated their services. The pros Memorial Tropihy, given by the National Aero­ Another hopeful sign is that attention ls will be headed by Larry Nelson who is No. nautic Association "for significant public being given in many school systems to service of enduring value to aviation in the 2 on the PGA money winning list this U.S.;" the 1977 Daniel Guggenheim Medal courses tailored to individuals. Alternative year. Among other pro competitors will schools have brought a wider range of edu­ "for great achievement in aeronautics;" the cational options to students in thousands be Andy Bean, Gil Morgan, J.C. Snead, 1961 General William E. Mitchell Award; the o! public-school district around the country. Leonard Thompson, CUrtis Strange, Gib­ 1974 Aviation Hall of Fame citation; the 1976 by Gilbert, Wayne Levi and two out­ Hall of Fame for Business Leadership _cita­ Many educators also are convinced that tion given by the editors of Fortune maga­ the decline in achievement may be ebbing. standing golfers from this area, Lee Elder from Washington and Jim Thorpe zine, and an array of mmtary decorations Test scores have bottomed out in the last including the U.S. Army Air Force's Distin­ two years, and may be poised for a jump from Falls Church. guished Service Medal, Legion of Merit. and upward. The tournament has special congres­ Air Medal, and, from Great Britain, the Hon­ Elementary-grade children are doing bet­ sional significance because the gentle­ orary Commander, Order of the British Em­ ter than children of comparable age did in man from New York (Mr. KEMP) who is pire. the mld-1960s. Reading and math scores a member of the Fellowship of Christian The UT ex-student also is shown in photo­ among junior-high-school students have Athletes will be the featured banquet graphs with three U.S. Presidents-with crept upward in recent assessments. Franklin D. Roosevelt during a conference in Mary Berry, U.S. assistant secretary !or speaker. Hawail, with John F. Kennedy at a rededi­ education, says more families are aware that Mr. Speaker, this will be an outshnd­ cation ceremony of Chicago's O'Hare Field education is a shared enterprise between ing golf tournament and I can recom­ and with Lyndon B. Johnson when Mr. Smith home and school. "If we do not discipline mend it highly to anyone who wants to was sworn in as Commerce Secretary. 23742 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1979 His first pilot's license ls on view, as well NEW YORK TIMES SERIF.s economic a.id to South Vietnam. After the as his membership certificate in the Hump ON VIETNAM Communist victory in 1975, the shopkeepers, Pilots Association, which was ma.de up of restaurant owners and traders found them­ World War II air transport pilots who fiew selves without any means of support--except over the Himalayan "hump" to provide de­ HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL for Government doles of food. fense supplies to China. NEW TO SOME, "DEATH CITY" On many occasions Mr. Smith has been a OF YORK benefactor of !his alma mater. He has donated IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES For those hundreds of thousands who were satisfied with the far easier life under the many volumes of Western Americana to the Thursday, September 6, 1979 University library. The University also is the umbrella. of American aid, Ho Chi Minh City repository of the C. R . Smith Collection of 8 Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, as has become, as a Westerner put it, "Death Western Art, a valued collection numbering one who recently returned from a study City." about 80 paintings, drawings, sculptures and mission to Vietnam, I read with great in­ The resistance to the new Government reproductions by some of the most noted by those who have not, or cannot, leave seems artists of the American West. terest a series of articles about that coun­ passive-and it is expressed most often in Seven works from the Smith art collection try by Seymour M. Hersh of the New the free-wheeling black market that exists will be shown in the Perry-Castaneda Li­ York Times. today in downtown Ho Chi Minh City. brary on the wall adjoining the alcove where In these articles he shared the insights Every morning, scores of Vietnamese men his memorabilia is exhibited. and observations of one of our country's and women line up outside the Caravelle The UT Art Museum plans to place the finest reporters. The result is a series of Hotel, renamed the Independence Hotel, to Smith art collection on permanent exhibit buy for dollars American cigarettes from this fall on the second level of the Michener dispatches that should be read by all those fortunate enough to receive them in Gallery (located in the Harry Ransom Center Members of this House. the mail. at 21st and Guadalupe)·• The first three in his series appeared Cigarettes a.re far and away the most com­ in yesterday's RECORD and today I am in­ monly peddled item on the black market. serting the remaining reports. I com­ A visiting foreigner can purchase a package mend them to the attention of all our at a Government-sanctioned exchange store THIRD ANNUAL DAVE BARBER colleagues: for 80 cents, or roughly two dongs in local currency; on the black market, the cigar­ CELEBRITY GOLF TOURNAMENT (From The New York Times, Aug. 10, 1979] FOR DIABETES ettes a.re worth as much as 35 dongs. At the BLACK MARKET MAKES Ho CHI MINH CITY moment, the black-market currency rate ap­ RUN pears to be nine dongs to the dollar, or 300 HON. DALE E. KILDEE (By Seymour M. Hersh) percent higher than the official rate .. OF MICHIGAN WASHINGTON .-Four years after the Com­ GASOLINE ON THE BLACK MARKET munist victory, Ho Chi Minh City, renamed Gasoline, too, can be purchased on the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for the father of the Vietnamese revolution, black market. Although traffic inevitably has Thursday, September 6, 1979 has emerged as one of the black market cap­ thinned out, with far more bicycles, the city's itals of Southeast Asia. streets still teem with traffic in comparison • Mr. KILDEE. Mr. Speaker, I am During a three-day visit to Ho Chi Minh with Hanoi. Motorcycles, mopeds and La.m­ pleased and proud to draw the attention City last week, it seemed clear that the Gov­ bretta taxicabs, many driven by teen-agers of my colleagues in the Oongress to an ernment of Vietnam is unchallenged other­ with long hair and mod dress, still fiy around event being held on September 9 in wise in its control of the life of the city, the streets, and still emit pollution. Flint, Mich., which is a growing and whose prewar population of a.bout three and Some Westerners living in Hanoi and here significant benefit for diabetics in the a half million was considered predominantly insist that sophisticated consumer goods Seventh Congressional District. The non-Communist or anti-Communist. such as cameras and stereos can be pur­ event is the Third Annual Dave Barber Virtually all of old Saigon's private shops chased in Cholon, the famed Chinese quarter and restaurants are shuttered, with only of old Saigon that became a focal point of a Celebrity Golf Tournament for Diabetes, Government crackdown on capitalism and and it will be held in conjunction with a their fading and torn signs providing re­ minders of the past. The nightclubs and black market activities 18 months a.go . banquet at the Flint Elks Club golf girlie bars are long gone. The air-conditioned Two visits to the area by a. correspondent course. The money raised by the tourna­ office buildings that once housed American last week, however, found few signs of com­ ment is retained in the community to and South Vietnamese m1litary missions mercial activity. Banks were closed, stores fight the disease of diabetes there by the serve as Government offices. The well-ap­ shut down. and outdoor market stalls gone. Michigan affiliate chapter in Flint of the In their places, one could see the inevitable pointed downtown hotels have been con­ cigarette peddlers on every corner, a group American Diabetes Association. verted to drab guest houses run by the Gov­ of youths staging a cock fight in a small park, The tournament was founded 2 years ernment for foreign visitors. and motorcycle repair shops every few hun­ ago by Dave Barber, a popular and well­ Ho Chi Minh C1 ty ls not a happy place, dred feet. known radio personality with Flint radio many Vietnamese officials reluctantly ac­ Keeping motorcycles and automobiles run­ station WTRX. Through Mr. Barber's knowledge. Hundreds of thousands have fied ning is a problem in Ho Chi Minh City since imagination, hard work, and strong the metropolis and the country, thousands the shalcy finances of Vietnam in effect pro­ commitment to public service, the golf more were forced to leave, and thousands hibit imports of spare parts. Another prob­ tournament has grown this year to be­ more want to leave. lem stems from the lack of diplomatic rela­ TWO MILLION RESIDENTS? tions and trade negotiations with the United come one of the largest ·and most suc­ States-parts for American-made products cessful benefits of its kind in Michigan. One Western resident estimated the city's are not available in Ho Chi Minh City or else­ Participating this year will be 15 tour­ current population at sligh.tly more than two where in Vietnam. ing professional golfers, who will com­ million-one million less than official esti­ Western diploma.ts and United Nations of­ pete for prize money in a special pro­ mates---a.nd said that half of those who re­ ficials who commute between Hanoi and Ho fessional division, as well as about 275 main want to flee. Chi Minh City said one basic problem in To the peasants who fied to Saigon to Ho Chi Minh City was the fixed pay scale for amateur golfers of varying abilities and escape the bombings and terror of the war backgrounds who all share a desire to all workers. in the country side, the new Communist Salaries range from 40 dongs for a tyolcal assist in raising money to fight diabetes. Government seems far more welcome. It ls Government bureaucrat-or about $16 at the More than 500 patrons are expected for that group, many of whom have been re­ officia.I ra.te--to 106 dongs for senior doctors the 6-hour banquet. located to "new economic zones" and state in Government sanitariums. One interpreter Dave Barber is to be highly com­ farms in the countryside, on which Com­ for a Western official being ln Ho Ohl Minh mended for the great contributions de­ munist Vietnam is depending for the future. City. who holds the title of deputy director rived from his golf tournament in raising There ls a heavy emphasis on mass educa­ of hls department. earns 70 dongs a month. money and in increasing public aware­ tion and ending illiteracy. Some four mil­ "That's not even enough for his breakfast ness of the danger and prevalence of dia­ lion could not read or write in the South in money." the Westerner said, referring to an 1975. And the mass education program has inflation that has led to the doubling of betes. The disease is the third major some food prices in the last year. killer in the Nation. It is estimated that the added advantage for the Government of there are 23,000 diabetics, detected and serving to re-educate the nation's youth po­ FOOD BENEFITS REDUCED litically. The Government does provide food bene­ undetected, living in the Seventh Con­ Those who seem to be suffering the most fits, but those have been sharply reduced gressional District. Mr. Barber's assist­ under the new regime are those who did because of Vietnam's decision to shift some ance in the fight against this disease in well when the United States was pouring in food supplies to !amine-stricken Cambodia. the Flint area is of inestimable value.• billions of dollars each year 1n military and Young children can stm be found begging September 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23743 for food downtown along the former Tu Do Tin Sang did not say how the group was now the newspaper belongs to the em­ Street, now called General UpriEing Street, caught, although it said the members were ployees," he said. "It's now a collective." but they seem to be exceptions, and not the arrested while going to collect gold from Each week, he explained, his editorial rule. Some old men can still be found sleep­ 400 Chinese who had been duped. board meets with union representatives to ing in doorways at night, but only a few. The newspaper said that Mr. Thai, as ring­ dis~uss editorial policy and any probleins. With the exodus of nearly one million resi­ leader, received the stiffest sentence, 18 Ironically, Mr. Due said, the authorities in dents, by official Government count, the years. The driver, Mr. Haan, got 17 years; Mr. Ho Chi Minh City initially disapproved of shortage of adequate housing seems to have Thin, the apartment owner, 14 years; Mr. the arrangement. been eased. Dien, the policeman, 12 years, and Mr. Be, "It wasn't sure that the collective would An optimistic view of Ho Chi Minh City the guest-house keeper, 8 years. be responsible," he said, "You see, there is and its problems was provided during an Vietnamese officials, in discussing the arti­ no party cadre at the newspaper and no extensive interview with Le Quang Chanh, cle with a foreigner, said that under current censorship." the former Deputy Foreign Minister of the Government rules, Chinese could get exit " If we print something wrong," he went Provisional Revolutionary Government, who permits easily without paying bribes. The on, "the Government asks us to come in now serves as Deputy Mayor. Chinese, they said, still believe that bribes and discuss it." Sometimes, he said, "we "We believe in our correct policy and we are necessary. must accept the Government's criticism" believe in our success," Mr. Chanh said, not­ and print a correction. ing that the conversion of capitalist Saigon [From the New York Times, Aug. 13, 1979] With all that, Mr. Due said, "we have to Communist Ho Chi Minh City was nearing 'NO~-COMMUNIST EDITOR FINDS HIS INDE­ published more critical news under this Gov­ completion. PENDENT DAIL y Is FLOURISHING IN Ho CHI ernment than under the Thieu regime." The MINH CITY Communist leadership, he added, even pro­ [From the New York Times, Aug. 12, 1979] vides a wide selection of critical Western (By Seymour M. Hersh) VIETNAM FOILS AN ELABORATE SWINDLE IN news items each day for Tin Sang to publish EXIT VISAS WASHINGTON.-There was a party recently at its discretion. in the unpretentious second-floor offices of Mr. Due was interviewed in early evening, (By Seymour M. Hersh) the newspaper Tin Sang on the edge of down­ at the end of a working day, and as members WASHINGTON .-Ho Chi Minh City's news­ town Ho Chi Minh City. It was the inde­ of his editorial staff finished their work they paper Tin Sang reported on its front page pendent daily's fourth anniversary. drifted into the interview room to drink last week that the police had foiled five en­ That a non-Communist newspaper can beer and join the talk about America, the trepreneurs who had falsified exit visas for fl.uourish in Vietnam seeins remarkable, and Vietnam War and foreign-policy problems members of Vietnam's Chinese community even more so because its editor is Ngo Cong facing Vietnam. in return for large payments of gold. Due, a former member of the South Viet­ NEWS OF AMERICAN FRIENDS SOUGHT Although the newspaper's account was namese National Assembly who was widely matter of fact, the Vietnamese who shared Much of the conversation was in English, known for his anti-Communist views in Sai­ and Mr. Due, who toured the United States the story with a visiting foreigner seemed gon, as Ho Chi Minh City used to be called. to find it exceptional and amusing. early in 1975 as a critic of the Thieu Gov­ Mr. Due, now 43 years old, was also known ernment, was surprised at how rusty his Tens of thousands of Chinese, who have for his opposition to the Government of been the main targets of an 18-month Gov­ English had become. He did not see enough ernment crackdown on private enterprises Nguyen Van Thieu, and in 1971 he was jailed of his many American friends, he said. and black-marlrnt dealings, have fled the city for a few days and forc,ed into exile when he "I'm glad I came back," Mr. Due suddenly in the last year. Most of them have paid charged the South Vtetnamese Government said amid the nostalgia. "It's my country. more than $1,000 in cash and gold to be­ with vote fraud. What I'm doing now is for my country­ come, in many cases, "boat people." At the time he was the publisher of Tin for my people." The newspaper said the conspirators all Sang, then an opposition newspaper whose After the fall of President Thieu, Mr. Due found guilty by the People's Tribunal of Ho articles were often severely censored by the said, times were difficult for the new govern­ Chi Minh City on Aug. 1, received prison Thieu Government. During Tin Sang's day.; ment in Ho Chi Minh City. "There was a I terms of 8 to 18 years for their efforts to of opposition, President Thieu often ordered lot of gangsterism in the cl ty led by former dupe members of the anxious Chinese com­ all copies of the newspaper confiscated, and army rangers and professional criminals who munity. it was shut down after Mr. Due fled the escaped from the prisons," he said. "Even in country. 1976, you could hear shooting in the streets HOW SCHEME STARTED every day." According to Tin Sang, the leader of the RETURNED AFTER FALL OF THIEU The Communists eventually took hold, Mr. group was Phan Dinh Thai, who managed An affable man, Mr. Due was pleased to Due said, but added that problems still to get the uniform of a lieutenant colonel renew an acquaintance with an American abound. He cited the continuing black mar­ in the Interior Ministry and official papers colleague the other day and to explain how ket, the low wages and the generally stag­ indicating that he had been assigned to he got where he was and what it was like. nant economy. "Life's very hard now for the process exit visas of the Chinese population He returned from the exile to Saigon on shopowners," he said. "It's been a big change. in Ho Chi Minh City, formerly called Saigon. May 29, 1975, he said, a month after the But some are adjusting. They have the duty The newspaper said Mr. Thai had been ar­ Communist takeover of the city. to work to rebuild their country, not to buy rested before for forgery. "After a month or so," he recalled, "I and sell and have the easy life." Mr. Thai, apparently aware that he would gathered my old friends together to discuss "SOLUTION" FOR THE DISCONTENTElJ need all the trappings of a high-level Com­ whether we could have an opportunity to munist Party official to make the confidence For those who can't make the adjustment, reopen the newspaper." At the time he was Mr. Due added, one solution is "to choose game work, first acquired a car and a driver, unsure whether the Government would Ta Si Haan, then an apartment befitting his another country and leave." agree since he, unlike others in Saigon who "Don't be misled," Mr. Due went on, "I'm high station from Vu Xuan Thin, its owner, had been neutral, had not known any mem­ who joined the conspiracy. Mr. Thin's apart­ not a Communist. I'm a Catholic." ment apparently was used to receive and bers of the Communist guerrilla forces dur­ "I'd like to tell our American friends that entertain Chinese merchants who had gold. ing the Vietnam War. our country is trying to build, but there are Of course, an office was necessary, Tin Sang The Government gave its approval, Mr. a lot of difficulties as a consequence of the said, and Mr. Thai persuaded Nguyen Van Due said, and he now believes that its lead­ United States' domination of South Vietnam Be, keeper of a rarely used guest house at the ers "wanted to give journalists and intellec­ and as a consequence of the Vietnam War," Ministry of Social Welfare, to let him have t uals an opportunity" to work within the he said. "We'd like to ask them to under- access to those quarters, which were luxuri­ new system. stand the situation." · ous by Ho Chi Minh City standards. Tin Sang began publication again on Aug. The newspaper editor expressed anger at The final step was to enlist Luu Xuan Dien, 3, 1975. Mr. Due said the initial money for people in the United States who have been a traffic policeman, to make things look of­ its resumption came from his own pocket. criticizing Vietnam for its policies on refu­ ficial so the Chinese businessmen would not PAPER ACHIEVED QUICK SUCCESS gees and its invasion of Cambodia early th~; think they were being duped. year. With a laugh, Mr. Due explained that al­ The people of Vietnam do not want .any CHARGED ACCORDING TO AGE though President Thieu confiscated his as­ more than that in Cambodia, Mr. Due as­ According to Tin Sang, Mr. Thai's prices sets after forcing him into exile in 1971, he serted. "And I believe that the Communist for the counterfeit exit visas depended upon had managed to hide away some cash. He Party-our Government-cannot do any­ age. Children under 6 years old were to sail declined to elaborate. thing against the will of our people." free, the fee for those 6 to 16 was roughly Tin Sang was an immediate success, easily The biggest problems in Vietnam are eco­ $3,000 worth of gold and for those over 16 selling out its press run of 3,000 copies at nomic, Mr. Due said. The Chinese in the it was about $2 ,700 in gold. 20 cents each. Many more copies could be Cholon district, a target of intensive Gov­ Mr. Thai, who began his operation in May, sold, Mr. Due said, but a severe shortage of ernment drives in early 1978 against black­ told potential customers at one point that newsprint throughout Vietnam limits the market operations, still exert control over they could sail on Vietnamese Ship No. 60, circula.tion. as much as 15 percent of the flourishing which was then in port. "After a year, I took back my money and black market in Ho Chi Minh City, he said. CXXV--1494-Part 18 23744 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1979 Pay scales are far too low, he added, and None had yet been harvested, although the Dr. Tin, who practices in a tuberculosis economic development has been retarded at officials hoped to produce 2,000 tons this sanitarium in Ho Chi Minh City, se.id he all levels by a lack of competent Government year. was interned with other former senior officers officials. Another war with China is looming, Officials said there were plans to have from the South Vietnamese Army. Mr. Due said, and that would be a further 7,500 acres under cultivation by 1981. Mean­ "The camps were full of collaborators; economic blow. while, the 12,000 people in the area are pro­ many of them were engaged in Phoenix op­ "Don't give us more difficulties," Mr. Due vided with homes and enough land to grow erations," he said, referring to the operations said. "Give us more time to work for the their own crops. Not all choose to grow sponsored by the Central Intelligence Agency country. We have to fight the economy and pineapples. aimed at asse.ssinating Vietcong officials dur­ the Chinese, too. We have enough problems." ·A few homes were visited at random, and ing the war. their occupants seemed reasonably content. "I didn't realize until I was in the camp (From the New York Times, Aug. 14, 1979) Phu Hoang Ho, who boasted that he was 66 that those people were committing such EVERYDAY LIFE IN COMMUNIST VIETNAM CAN and had 10 children and one wife, said he crimes against the people," Dr. Tin said. BE SURPRISING had come to the ca.mp from Cambodia, He told of a former South Vietnamese Army where he had fled to wait out the fighting. (By Seymour M. Hersh) commander who confessed to ordering "I consider myself to be a good citizen," he the killing of four Vietcong prisoners just WASHINGTON.-Her name ls Welller Keiu said, "because I didn •t take sides in the war before the signing of the 1973 peace agree­ Unh. She is 13 years old, shy but very proud. and once my country was liberated, I came ment between the United States and North The officials at the state orphanage just back to cultivate it." Vietnam. north of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, said Hoang Thai Thach is 31 and a Government "We didn't hide anything from each the girl was told just a few days before that bureaucrat. He spent four years in the late other," Dr. Tin said.e she had finished first in a district-wide 1960's and early 70 's in Fullerton, Calif., literature exa-m . where he attended what was then California Her essay, Miss Unh said, was on the State College on a South Vietnamese Govern­ importance of planting trees in memory of ment scholarship. He earned his B.A. degree Uncle Ho Chi Minh. and then, unlike other South Vietnamese REAL SOVIET INTENTIONS Her father, if he were still alive, might who stayed away to avoid the draft, he went have strongly disapproved. Officials a.t the home. · HON. BILL NICHOLS orphanage, one of seven in the area, said Mr. Thach immediately found a job in e. he was a white American named Welller Government office in Saigon responsible for OF ALABAMA who was killed in an accident in 1970. His selling shares of Government enterprises to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES body was apparently returned to the United civilians. When the revolution came, he said, States for burial. he decided to stay and wait and see. Thursday, September 6, 1979 Miss Unh, sniffiing quietly as she talked "I wasn't scared by the revolution," Mr. •Mr. NICHOLS. Mr. Speaker, there is a about the pa.st, said he was an electrical Thach, one of seven children, explained, "be­ strong hint of Russian diplomatic game­ engineer. She did not know, she said, cause I had a brother who was with the rev­ whether he was in the military. playing in the air and the stench is nearly olution." The two had remained in touch, unbearable. There a.re 523 children in the former he said, and Mr. Thach had even sent him Catholic orphanage, now known as Bamboo medicine and money. Last week it was announced that a Shoot Number l, officials said, and 67 of On the morning after the Communists 2,000 to 3,000 man Soviet military unit them are of mixed race. took over Saigon, Mr. Thach said, he went has been slowly moved into Cuba. Our The childr~n seemed happy, well fed and to work as always. "A cadre came in e.nd intelligence has determined that these well dressed. assured us, 'It's all right and don't go anY'­ troops are fully equipped with two mo­ But Weiller Kelu Unh cried when she where-just go to the office every day,'" Mr. torized rifle battalions, one a tank bat­ spoke of her father. Thach recalled. "Hey, Liso," the street kid asked, "do you talion and the other an artillery battal­ A few days later, he had to report to the ion. have any dollars?" Communist authorities who took over con­ This correspondent had been in Ho Chi trol of his ministry. L.e.ter there was a three­ While such a force poses no direct Minh City less than two hours and had day re-education class where, Mr. Thach said, threat to our American border it serves begun his first walk down former Tu Do "they told us how wrong we were when we to underscore the real intentions of the Street, the site of bars, shops and clothiers worked for the old regime." Soviet's interest in world dominance. during the Vietnam War. He was released, his old office was dis­ Nearly a year ago, the Russians "sold" The youth waved me into a small shop, banded, and he was reassigned to a job in checking the street carefully for the police, to Cuba sophisticated Mig-23 supersonic financial planning for Ho Chi Minh City. aircraft and today more than a dozen of and then offered to exchange nine dongs for He has some complaints, he said. The each dollar, a rate more than 300 percent street life ls much quieter, living conditions these planes a.re stationed on the Cuban higher than the official exchange rate. When are not very good, and the bureaucracy can island, well within range of American that was rejected, he quiclcly prcduced what be stifling. He misses some old friends who soil. he said was a jade chess set and asked the fled, and he misses the American books and Cuban troops, with the help of Russian equivalent of $200 in cash for it. magazines that were once available. advisors, serve as a police force for sev­ A Government official later explained that But he does not regret returning, he said, eral African governments who were lifted "Liso" is Vietnamese slang for Russian. He explaining that "this is my country and my acknowledged with a shrug that Tu Do into office through Russian aid and Cuban family." firepower. Street was near the foreign sailors' club With the long war finally over, Mr. Thach a.long the Saigon River. Russian sailors, it said, he does not have to think about some Unless the United States takes appro­ seems, are not averse to bargains. of the books he read in America. He men­ priate action the Soviet buildup of troops Although a foreign visitor ls always con­ tioned "Casualties of War," by Daniel Lang in Cuba may jeopardize confidence in cerned about being propagandized while of New Yorker magazine, which dealt with America and deteriorate our credibility visiting a tightly controlled country such as a series of brutal war crimes by American in the Western Hemisphere. Vietnam, sometimes that concern is mis­ troops. placed. Not everyone had such an easy time with For some time the Russian Govern­ On the second day of a three-day visit to re-education programs. ment has wanted to increase its sphere Ho Chi Minh City, my official escort an­ Dr. Nguyen Hung Tin was a lieutenant of influence in the Western Hemisphere nounced that we were going to see a "new colonel in the South Vietnamese Army, a beyond Castro's Cuba. Many Central economic zone," one of the state farms set doctor in a milit.ery hospital, when Saigon American States, including Panama and up by the Government after the 1975 Com­ was taken over. He was sent to re-education Nicaragua have leanings toward the So­ munist victory in South Vietnam in an camps for 30 months before he was permitted attempt to lure city dwellers back to the viet Union. Other countries may be en­ to resume medical practice. couraged toward the Russian line with country. If he was bitter about the experience, the It seemed that I was going to be shown a 47-year-old doctor did not show it during the presence of troops in Cuba and a gun shining success. In fact, the farm, known as a 90-minute interview in Ho Chi Minh City. to their head. Le Minh Xuan, was chosen because it was "I engaged in manual labor-felling trees, Furthermore the force may also serve the closest to Ho Chi Minh City, some 15 building houses and growing gardens," he as a security guard for Castro himself. miles southwest . It was not a success at said of the time he was in two camps scores After all, his Cuban troops are stationed an, largely because of its acidic soil. of miles from his family and friends, who throughout the world to conduct the Rus­ Officials of the farm said that although it were permitted four visits a year. "For my­ sian's dirty work. At last count, nearly was OP'ened in September 1975, four months self," he said, "it was a pleasure, especially after the overthrow of the Saigon Govern­ the manual labor." 40,000 Cuban troops were serving in An­ ment, oruy about 1,500 acres were now under There were monthly political education gola, Ethiopia, and other faraway lands. cultivation. What had been planted, officials lectures, and conditions were good, he said, Regardless of the excuse the Soviets said, was the only crop possible-pineapples. "if you didn't violate the rules." use to justify troops in Cuba, I know they September 7, 1979 :EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23745 have no business there. For 18 years country's top 20 coal companies, as well as vote on legislation which will solve our the Soviets have attempted to secure a one half of our total coal reserves. Further­ domestic ills, but on a bill that will spend more, eleven oil companies own more than $7 .9 billion for assistance to foreign military stronghold in Cuba and we can 50 percent of the domestic uranium capacity. no more tolerate having a Russian mili­ Since 1970, when oil companies began large­ countries. tary base 90 miles ofr our coast today scale investment in coal and uranium, their I ask, where are our priorities? than we did in 1962 .. prices have more than quadrupled. Instead of voting to spend $100 million Obviously the Russians are testing the The control of alternative fuels by oil for the Sahel Development Fund, we Carter administration and we should re­ companies is worth watching because the should be voting to spend $68 million on spond accordingly. First, demand the im­ history of the oil industry is a story of vir­ coal mining research and development. tual domination by a handful of large firms. Instead of voting to spend $265 million mediate withdrawal of the new Soviet Whether or not these firms openly or se­ force. Second, delay consideration of the cretly conspire, their pricing and production for the Asian Development Bank, we SALT II treaty until the troops are re­ decisions emerge from mutual "understand­ should be voting to spend $88 million on moved and finally, threaten to withhold ings." the development of cleaner and more the delivery of the grain recently pur­ It is clear that the interdependent prac­ efficient ways to use coal. chased and expected to be purchased by tices of the oil companies in the past will Instead of voting to spend $1.8 billion the Soviets. extend to the coal and uranium industries on economic support to other nations, we An affirmative response will be the only under their control unless something is done to stop them. should be pumping that same $1.8 billion type understood by the Soviets.• With Congressman Morris K. Udall, chair­ into the economic support of the United man of the Energy and Environment .Com­ States. mittee of which I am a member, I have Mr. Speaker, we have a commitment to introduced a bill, H.R. 8, designed to pre­ the American people, and I hope that AN ENERGY OCTOPUS vent the top eight oil companies from ob­ that commitment has been strength­ taining new federal leases for coal and uranium lands. We will hold an open hear­ ened during the past 4 weeks. Inflation HON. MORRIS K. UDALL ing on the bill, July 17. is eating away at the American people's OF ARIZONA Our bill should restore competition in income and many fear they will not have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the energy industry by encouraging com­ enough heat this winter. petition for coal and uranium leases and It is up to us, the Congress of the Thursday, September 6, 1979 by giving smaller companies a better chance United States to provide the leadership in bidding for those leases. These companies, • Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, under the as well as independent coal producers, can't this country so badly needs. We must leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ get a fair deal now when they are up against set our sights on the goals that this ORD, I include the following: oil giants like Exxon. Even the nation's country needs, not on what is needed by I would like to share with my col­ largest utility, the Tennessee Valley Author­ other countries around the world. leagues a recent newspaper article writ­ ity, currently is overmatched when it comes We have enough problems right here ten by Congressman En MARKEY which to obtaining coal leases. at home, and I say it is time we do some­ was printed in seven papers in Massa­ H.R. 8 does not force anybody to do any­ thing. The Federal Trade Commission has thing about them.• chusetts. As a member o.f the Interior already brought court action against Exxon and Insular Affairs Committee, Con­ and other large oil companies for restraint gressman MARKEY has been participat­ of trade. I think the Justice Department ing in our consideration of H.R. 8, the should do the same. But, this bill does not FORMER CONGRESSMAN JAMES Public Energy Competition Act. As he require divestiture. Rather, it says only that, BURKE OPPOSES DISABILITY IN­ outlines in his article, H.R. 8 is not a in the future, on federal lands, the big SURANCE AMENDMENTS radical step. It does not require the oil should get no bigger. industry to divest themselves of any­ Recently, the House defeated an amend­ thing. ment brought by Congressman Udall and HON. JAMES H. SCHEUER myself that would have stopped the largest OF NEW YORK As we try to increase our domestic eight oil companies from receiving federal sources of energy, it is vital for us to loan guarantees for investment in synthetic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES increase the number of players in the fuels, such as ·those made from coal lique­ Thursday, September 6, 1979 energy game. H.R. 8 aims at preventing faction or shale oil. the oil giants from controlling the devel­ That defeat means that the major oil com­ e Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, it is opment of Federal resources. This is a panies could take control of the potentially significant that our beloved former col­ small and modest goal as the following enormous synthetic fuels industry. We can­ league, Jimmy Burke, former chairman article 'by En MARKEY persuasively not allow them to control coal and uranium of the Subcommittee on Social Security as well. of the Ways and Means Committee is un­ argues: To keep energy prices as low as possible, AN ENERGY OCTOPUS we must let increased competition deter­ alterably opposed to the disability in­ (By Congressman ED MARKEY) mine prices and supplies. H .R. 8 goes a long surance amendments. His statement fol­ way toward freeing the energy market. It is lows: The last straw for those in the gas line AUGUST 7, 1979. last week was the news that OPEC's latest the least we can do to provide a secure en­ ergy future for the United States.e Hon. WILBUR D. MILLS, price increase would add $165 a year to the Honorary Chairman average Massachusetts family's heating oil, WILBURN J. COHEN, electricity and gasoline bill. Do we have any othe·r fuel choices? Despite Chairman, Save our Security, Oxford Road, Ann Arbor, Mich. their serious safety and environmental draw­ OUR NATION'S PRIORITIES DEAR FRIENDS: I have reviewed the provi­ backs, both coal and nuclear power can offer sions of H.R. 3236, the disab111ty insurance us electricity. Coal can also provide liquid amendments of 1979. As the former Chair­ fuels such as gasoline. HON. NICK JOE RAHALL II man of the Social Security Subcommittee of Atomic power is already high-priced, how­ OF WEST VIRGINIA ever, and its costs keep on climbing. The the House Ways and Means Committee, I a.m same is true for coal. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES well acquainted with the bill and its develop­ ment. One reason for the high cost of these po­ Thursday, September 6, 1979 tentially reasonably priced energy sources is While the bill contains a number of im­ that oil companies are moving toward total •Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, we return provements which I favor, I am vigorously control of the coal and uranium industries. today from the district work period. A opposed to the three cut-backs in benefits. I In part, the prices of coal and uranium time, I believe, that was well spent meet­ strongly urge members of Congress to vote climb when oil companies control them be­ ing and talking with the people who against the bill unless it is changed to elimi­ cause the energy conglomerates want to elected us to serve in this distinguished nate the cut-backs. maximize profits as a whole rather than the I favor further improvements in the dis­ profits of any one division. body. ab111ty insurance benefits including more This means that an energy octopus might, For the past 4 weeks, the American adequate provisions for the blind, coverage of for example, cut back on coal production if, people told us first-hand that energy all the permanently disabled under Medi­ by doing so, the high cost of oil would be and inflation are the major problems care, and the provision of home health bene­ maintained. facing this Nation today. However, we fits for the disabled and aged without a. Right now, oil companies own 14 of this have returned today, not to debate and three-day hospital stay. 23746 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1979 I a.m glad to be a member of your organiza­ logical causes, union organizing efforts and home administrators. He also was a tion to help oppose these undesirable all other purposes unrelated to collective leader in establishing a standard ac­ amendments. bargaining. Sincerely, This is the first time this precedent has counting procedure for homes for aged. JAMES A. BURKE, been established in the private sector. A In 1978, Mr. Kelley's profession hon­ Chairman, Subcommittee on Social similar precedent was established for public ored him as the Administrator of the Security, House Committee on Ways sector employment in a U.S. Supreme Court Year. This type of dedicated service and and Means, 1977-78.e decision. humanitarian effort is becoming all too Judge Blair also denied a CWA motion to rare. As Mr. Kelley's colleagues honor stay the lawsuit until the 20 plaintiffs had him for his outstanding work and con­ first tried to obtain refunds through the tributions in the field of care for the THE PROPER USE OF UNION DUES union's internal appeal procedure. The judge noted that the " time necessary for the series aged, it is my pleasure to call his achieve­ of intraunion hearings would better be cal­ ments to attention of my colleagues here culated in years rather than months, and ... in the House of Representatives.• HON. WILLIAM E. DANNEMEYER at the end of it all, this court would be called OF CALIFORNIA upon to make the determination it is now IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prepared to make." The court's -Oecision will prevent workers INFLATION REDEFINED-A NEEDED Thursday, September 6, 1979 from being forced to support the political AGENDA e Mr. DANNEMEYER. Mr. Speaker, the activities of labor union bosses. The prece­ American system of government is based dent set will have far-reaching ramifications upon the notion of popular participa­ in the cause for individual choice which is HON. BRUCE F. VENTO the foundation of freedom. OF MINNESOTA tion in the governmental process. The No worker should ever have to support right to express one's own views freely, anyone else's politics in order to retain his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES without coercion, is central to this employment. Now, union bosses have been Thursday, September 6, 1979 proposition. From that, it follows each clearly told that it is unconstitutional for citizen shquld have the right to choose them to collect compulsory political funds • Mr. VEN·TO. Mr. Speaker, under the for him or herself the points of view he from unwilling workers. And that workers leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ or she will support; no one should be don't h·ave to rely on an intra-union kanga­ ORD, I include the following: roo court before obtaining the right to forced to advocate a viewpoint with choose where their money will go. Mr. Speaker, my constituent and which he or she does not agree. While few This may turn out to be the worst news friend, Horace R. Hansen of St. would disagree with this in theory, in labor union bosses have ever had. With more Paul, Minn., recently called to my practice things are sometimes a bit differ­ and more private sector workers becoming attention an excellent editorial which ent, as a recent decision by a Federal disenchanted witb belonging to a. union appeared in the Los Angeles Times on judge in Maryland has pointed out. coupled with a decision depriving union offi­ Sunday, August 12, by Richard Parker. cials of funds to buy legislation, their Mr. Parker, a noted economist and au­ The case in question involved the right bonanza may be on a real decline. of a union to. use compulsory dues for The National Right to Work organization thor of the "Myth of the Middle Class" political purposes. Judge C. Stanley Blair deserves much credit for its efforts on behalf hits the nail on the head when he assert~ ruled that it was, indeed, unconstitu­ of the American working man and his right that it is time to redefine the inflation tional for a union to collect and then of choice. We do not believe that any worker debate by embracing an action-agenda spend mandatory dues from workers for should be forced to join a union and we have that applies the research already in place any purpose other than collective bar­ always been against any form of a closed into bold and innovative programs to re­ gaining. If upheld, this means that union shop situation. verse our spiraling inflation rate. There is simply no justification for making I urge my colleagues to consider Mr. leaders will not be able to utilize mem­ union membership a. condition of employ­ bers' dues to influence the lawmaking ment and there certainly is no justice at all Parker's suggestions and recommenda­ process unless the worker authorized it in using members' money for the political tions, because, as he says, quoting or, to put it another way, no longer will aims of the labor union bosses. Thomas Mann over a half-century ago, workers have to support political causes This legal determination may slow down If we do not redefine the inflation debate in which they do not believe. some of the abuses which have been so prev­ quickly, there is great danger: it wm destroy This decision should not be viewed as f\lent for too long a time.e us as a nation. a defeat for labor, but rather as a vic­ Mr. Speaker, I submit Richard Parker's tory for liberty. The triumph of individ­ editorial, "Inflation and Recession: Our ual choice over coercion should be A TRIBUTE TO W. H. KELLEY Democratic Duo," as part of the official cheered by all freedom loving Americans. RECORD: I insert an editorial which appeared INFLATION AND RECESSION: OUR DEMONIAC recently in the Santa Ana, Calif. Reg­ HON. JAMES A. COURTER Duo ister, in the RECORD at this time; it points OF NEW JERSEY (By Richard Parker) up the significance of both this decision IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "A cynical 'each man for himself' becomes and the basic right which it reinforces: Thursday, September 6, 1979 the rule of life. But only the most powerful, A DEFEAT FOR COERCION the most resourceful and unscrupulous, the A federal court judge in Maryland struck e Mr. COURTER. Mr. Speaker, on Sep­ hyenas of economic life, can come through a blow for freedom when he ruled that the tember 17, 1979, the friends and asso­ unscathed. Tbe great mass of those who put use of compulsory union dues for any politi­ ciates of Mr. W. H. Kelley will gather their trust in the traditional order, the in­ cal activities violates the constitutional to honor him on the occasion of his re­ nocent and unworldly, all those who do pro­ rights of employees who object. U.S. District tirement. For the past 13 years Mr. Kel­ ductive and useful work, but don't know Court Judge C. Stanley Blair held that the how to manipulate money, the elderly who collection or disbursement of mandatory ley has been the executive director of hope to live on what they earned in the union fees for any purposes other than col­ the House of Good Shepherd near past-all those are doomed to suffer. An ex­ lective bargaining services infringes the First Hackettstown, N.J. But, Mr. Speaker, his perience of this kind poisons the morale of Amendment rights to free speech and asso­ dedication and leadership go far beyond a nation ..." ciation of employees who object. his duties at the House of Good Shep­ I happen to like those words a lot, even The suit was brought against the Com­ herd. though Thomas Mann wrote them about the munication Workers of America (CWA) inflation that occurred in Germany more In addition to guiding Good Shep­ than 50 ye:us ago. I like them because they union by National Right to Work Legal De­ herd so that it grew and prospered, Mr. fense Foundation attorneys for 20 telephone enlighten the discussion of what's happen­ workers. Kelley has served his profession well. As ing to Ame·rican life with a clarity of emo­ president of the New Jersey Association tion and reason that dry statistics never Judge Blair has also required the CWA to reach. We need the numbers to plot the make a full accounting of how its fees have of Nonprofit Homes for the Aging, he arranged for homes for the aging to par­ course of our life's decline, but we need men been spent and to refund to objecting work­ like Mann to remind us what the rot of our ers all fees which exceed the union's cost of ticipate in the New Jersey Hospital As­ economy is doing to our souls, and what we collective bargaining. The refunds will rep­ sociation Unemployment Reserve Fund. P3.Y for not speaking honestly about infla­ resent the proportion of union expenditures He was instrumental in the formation tion's victims. tor political contributions, lobbying, ideo- of standards for the licensing of nursing These are hard times-and they're going September 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23747 to get worse. Gas costs $1. Houses cost $100,- That's what Galbraith means when he de­ cent of the total income. cutting off their 000. But that's only the tip of it. At current scribes the current inflation as a "revolt of crumbs won't cure our ills. inflation rates, a pound of beef will cost $7 .56 the rich against the poor." The majority of If you want a start, not a panacea, to by 1981, and a gallon of milk, $3.96. us cannot be drafted into anti-inflation controlling inflation, try insisting that we Mann concluded from watching German wars-whether President Ford's WIN pro­ (a) put a lid on selected prices, from hos­ inflation thiat inflation was "a tr.agedy," but gram or President Carter's wage and price pital costs to oil and gas to basic foods; (b) it's not. It's a orime, a,nd the victims of it guidelines-when we've been denied the arms expand the supply of basics such as housing are far from evenly distributed in society. and ammunition with which to do battle. through selected mortgage support, push To da,te, we've failed to unders-tand precisely An economist friend of mine has ta.ken to conservation over synfuels, introduce con­ that fact, and we ignore it not just at the describing the current period as "the dawn sumer co-ops, family farm aid, and more peril of greater in11a.tion, but of the collapse of the post-affluent society." direct marketing of food; (c) institute new of the republic. America, as he sees it, has finished a grand public-public, not government-institutions Last month, a gruesome milestone was cycle of expansion that isn't likely to return. from energy corporations to health-mainte­ reached in the Great Inflation Debacle of While it lasted, it was fueled not--as current nance organizations to force the huge corpo­ the '70s: The number of millionaires in wisdom has it--by canny businessmen mak­ rations to compete both openly and more America passed 500,000. Less than a decade ing shrewd investments in space-age tech­ efficiently. ago, there were fewer than 100,000 million­ nologies, but by two less-understood phe­ aires in the United States and inflation alone nomena, one domestic and one international. The list could go on, but much of the vital comes nowhere near explaining how the very Domestically, we experienced not an eco­ research is already in place. What we lack is richest among us have quintupled their num­ nomic boom after World War II, but a social public knowledge and public willingness to bers in so incredibly short time. revolution-spearheaded by women. For the try what hasn't been tried before. Not mon­ In the same period, the average pay of the past 20 years, women have left the home at strous government energy programs nor American factory worker actually declined in unprecedented rates, and flooded the econ­ costly corporate giveaways, but sound, small­ real, inflation-adjusted dollars. And the omy. They entered the job market at wages and middle-scale attempts to reasert our own poor-though this should come as no sur­ 60 percent those of men, and bought new control over our economic lives. prise-faired even worse. Ten years ago, the goods and services at unheard-of levels. Inflation, especially now, is not something federal poverty level stood at one-half the Their low pay and vast numbers swelled pro­ we can hide from. Talking of his German median American income; today it stands at duction, and their purchases sustained de­ experience a half-century ago, Thomas Mann barely a third. One in four Americans lives mand-and in the process, the creation of said that "an experience of this kind poisons below what the government itself calls a two-income families engendered a whole new the morale of a nation . . . " If we do not "minimum budget" leveL level of American prosperity, in which mil­ quickly redefine the inflation debate there Two months ago in a commencement ad­ lions shared. is a greater danger: ' dress at Yale, John Kenneth Galbraith fi­ Internationally, America benefited from It will destroy us as a nation.e nally said aloud what timid economists and the devastation of our wartime enemies (and commentators have been afraid even to whis­ peacetime competitors), and from expanding per: We are not merely in the midst of in­ markets throughout the Third World. We THE SOVIET THREAT IN THE 1980's flation, we are experiencing "a revolt of the could sell or manufacture our goods at cheap rich against the poor." prices, and still ship home the profits to add For those of us who are neither rich nor to our domestic well-being. HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL poor, if this sounds exaggerated in the slight­ But both those tren'.ds are now at an end. est, consider for a moment these statistics: In world commerce, Germany and Japan, and OF ILLINOIS In the first four months of 1979, inflation even Brazil and Singapore, compete moce IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rose overall at 7.1 percent; effectively. Here a,t home, the number of new Thursday, September 6, 1979 Overall inflation, however, concerns a bit­ women workers is falling, and low birth rates ter set of numbers: In four key sectors of the mean it will continue to fall for the rest of • Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, there is economy-housing, health, food and en­ the century. weeping and gnashing of teeth every ergy-inflation increased, not at a serious 7.1 But inflation, as my friend emphasizes, time there is a demand for more spend­ percent, but at a staggering 17 .2 percent; takes account of neither fact benignly. In­ ing in the area of national security. Four out of five Americans spend between stead it pushes prices past the point where 60 percent and 70 percent of their income on even prosperous two-income families can President Carter's 3 percent rise in de­ those four items alone, and the suffering share in the old dream of an affluent society. fense spending is greeted in some quar­ grows proportionately as one moves down the And for the rest of us, earning less than ters as if he were asking for an out­ income ladder. $30,000 or $40,000 a year now, the future is rageous sum. By that definition, Galbraith's "poor" en­ grim. A recent study demonstrates that, compasses 80 percent of us. And that 17.2 The message he offers is simple: Until we given current trends, the Soviet Union percent inflation rate was before President give up blaming ourselves collectively for in­ Carter deregulated oil. flation, there will be no solution. The Amer­ will be spending 20 percent of its gross Americans are an exceedingly tolerant peo­ ican economy is a vastly unequal one, and national product

THE FAR EAST distinguished himself with his profes­ Certainly, the message from Pope John Approximately a quarter of Soviet ground sionalism in that position. Paul, who has long taken a leading role forces and tactical air forces are stationed His peers elected him as the president in helping to achieve human rights in along the ChineEe border, and the USSR of the New Jersey County Officers Associ­ Eastern Europe, had very special mean­ maintains a major naval force in the Pacific. ation. He was one of only four county ing and significance. "These forces are unlikely to diminish dur­ ing the 1980s but they may not grow much," clerks chosen to standardize the absentee The life of Colonel Kovats is certainly despite the long-standing Soviet concern ballot system for the whole State of New an excellent reminder to all Americans about China. The main Soviet effort has been Jersey. He was instrumental in the for­ who often take for granted the opportu­ devoted to improving the basic military posi­ mation of the driver education system in nities which we have been blessed with tion through construction of defensive zones, the high school systems of Warren, Sus­ for over two centuries. and the modernising of equipment, espe­ sex, and Hunterdon Counties. Kovats left his native homeland of cially for air and naval forces. But Harry did not leave his talents and Hungary, after serving admirably in the "The Soviet Union is likely to continue to civic mindedness at the office. He served Austro-Hungarian Army, due to the re­ develop nuclear capabilities against China". as the mayor of Lopatcong Township and pressive rule of Empress Maria Theresa. This may well involve the deployment of the donated his time again to serve as the Recognizing the serious threat to Amer­ SS-20 missile, and the modernisation of the president of the Lopatcong Civic Associa­ "frontal aviation and long-range air force ican freedom at the time and wanting units" in the area. There will probably be tion. He also lent talent and energy to desperately to help preserve it, Kovats an emphasis on improved warning from air­ the planning board and industrial com­ contacted Benjamin Franklin, who was defence systems around key Asian and Pa­ mission. our Nation's Ambassador to France, and cific installations. In the Far East, the Soviet His concern for community health was offered his superior military expertise to Union will probably increase sea control and shown by his contribution to the Warren the cause of our independence. In his power projection forces, and "is likely to im­ County Cancer Crusade--serving as the letter to Franklin, Kovats wrote: prove her amphibious and air assault capa­ president 1 year. I now am here of my own free will, having bilities to seize straits and conduct other The Lord called Harry from us recent­ taken all the horrible hardships and bothers amphibious operations". The introduction ly, My neighbors in Warren County will of this journey, and I am willing to sacrifice of newer heavy-lift helicopters could also myself wholly and most faLthfully as it is · significantly enhance Soviet military capa­ not have the opportunity to take advan­ tage of his wise counsel and generous expected of an honest soldier facing the haz­ bilities, given the problems of transport in ards and great dangers of the war, to the the area. heart.• detriment of Joseph as well for the freedom Japan has one of the most powerful and of your great congress. productive economies in the world, but has very limited defensive military forces. Re­ A SALUTE TO COLONEL MICHAEL He was appointed to serve under the cently Japan has become increasingly con­ KOVATS DE FABRICY Polish Gen. Casimir Pulaski, and later cerned about the development of Soviet was elevated to colonel and given the strength in the Far East and has "taken task of forming the first U.S. Cavalry, more· notice of specific Soviet force develop­ fashioning it after its European counter­ ments and exercises". Japan might play a HON. MARIO BIAGGI critical role in the future development of part, the Huszar regiments. China's military forces. "Any major shift in OF NEW YORK It was while serving as Commander of Japan's policy with respect to her defense IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the newly organized Continental Cavalry effort would soon alter significantly the Thursday, September 6, 1979 that he led the successful effort to save military situation in the Far East". Soviet the city of Charleston, S.C., from British naval forces would no longer appear ade­ • Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, at a time occupation. While history has docu­ quate, and access to •and from the Sea of when we are striving to insure basic hu­ mented Colonel Kovats' significant con­ Japan would seem less assured. "The tech­ man rights and freedoms for all people tribution to American independence, it nological level of the military competition of the world, I feel it is important to re­ in that region could be revolutionized". also tells us that he lost his life during flect on our own Nation's past and salute the process. CONCLUSION a man who played such an important role However, his death should not be The conclusion reached in the Paper, is in helping us gain our independence. I viewed tragically. Rather, it should serve that there will be a "continuation of current am referring to Col. Michael Kovats as an inspiration to our continuing ef­ trends and momentum" in the Soviet forces de Fabricy, distingiushed Hungarian during the next decade, and that we can ex­ forts on behalf of the many courageous pect to see a "military force of increasing patriot and American war hero during people throughout the world who are be­ sophistication and strength, but of a size our Nation's fight for independence. ing denied even the most basic freedoms. comparable with that of today". The Soviet Just a few weeks ago, our Nation com­ This includes the great freedom fighter's Union has a manpower problem that will get memorated the 200th anniversary of the ancestral homeland, Hungary, where worse, and there may be "organisational and heroic death of Colonel Kovats. The those proud people are forced to endure manpower adjustments, but the composition commemoration included weeklong f es­ of the military force will remain much as severe repression under Communist it is today, except for the continuing emer­ tivities in Charleston, S.C., the site of domination. gence of power projection forces". The So­ Colonel Kovats' history making, and final I am hopeful that the remembrance of viet Union will have problems of "higher battle. A constituent of mine, Dr. Andrew Colonel Kovats' supreme devotion to the costs of acquiring, operating and supporting Tibor Udvardy, President of the Colonel preservation of freedom will help to its technologically more advanced force". Commandant Michael de Kovats Histoti­ further our own efforts in the area of With 20 percent of the Soviet GNP devoted cal Society, did an outstanding job in human rights. to the military capability, it should be able heading the well-attended festivities, Mr. Speaker, at this time I would like to meet these "higher costs" comfortably.• which included a parade, many honored to insert a statement by Dr. Udvardy, guests, and written words of praise from describing the heroic actions of Colonel various notable Americans such as Presi­ Kovats in the battle of Charleston: dent Carter, and former Presidents Ford A TRIBUTE TO HARRY SNYDER PATRIOTIC AMERICANS AND HUNGARIANS and Nixon. 200 years ago, on May 11, 1779, Colonel However, the highlight of the com­ Michael Kovats de Fabricy, Commander of HON. JAMES A. COURTER memoration f es tivi ties came in the form the newly organized Continental cavalry, OF NEW JERSEY of a greeting and Apostolic Blessing from saved the City of Charleston, S.C. from Brit­ His Holiness Pope John Paul II. The ish occupation. He was killed during that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES message, which was presented by the battle and buried where he fell, near the Thursday, September 6, 1979 Catholic Bishop of Charleston, stated: Citadel in Charleston. During the American Revolution, Charles­ • Mr. COURTER. Mr. Speaker, as we In this special way, We honor the heroic contribution of the Hungarian Patriot ton, S.C. was the largest and most active travel the road of public service we oc­ Colonel Commandant Michael Kovats de port of the South. Well fortified towards the casionally share that road with someone Fabricy. Such a commemoration affords all sea, it repelled a British naval attack in who is exceptional in his duty and dedi­ the opportunity to be dedicated anew to the 1776. It was General George Washington's cation. Harry Snyder is one such indi­ struggle of achieving those human rights most vital life Une to the outside world for vidual. Harry was the county clerk of which Commandant Kovats de Fabricy the export of goods and import of military Warren County, N.J., for 18 years. He cherished so much. hardware. The loss of Charleston would have 23750 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1979 had fatal consequences for the revolutionary SAMSO on their fine record of service senior research fellow at the Institute of government. and charge them to expand upon their Theoretical and Experimental Physics in The British Headquarters was well aware heritage of excellence.• Mosicow. He has appealed for reconsideration of Charlest on's importance to General Wash­ of the denial of his 1975 application for emi­ ington and had made the strategic decision gration. to attack the city in a pincer movement from His story typifies a tangle of attitudes that the southern flank on land, where fortifica­ not even he can quite sort out. Hard though tions were inadequate. Almost 8,000 British SHATTER THE SILENCE VIGIL: it has been for many Russified Jews to up­ soldiers, considered the best in the world, NAUMMEIMAN root themselves from the land of their fore­ supported by Tory units from South Caro­ bears, they have increasingly come to feel lina, Georgia and as far as Virginia, occu­ that they have no future in a country where, pied the peninsula. Almost 100 ships in the HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN they maintain, discrimination against Jews port and some 1,000 sailors were trapped OF CALIFORNIA in education and the professions has been wit hin the city walls, when the City Fathers, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on the increase. in a desperate attempt to save their people Though the authorities have permitted from massacre and their city from destruc­ Thursday, September 6, 1979 emigration, mainly involving Jews, to rise to a rate of about 50,000 a year, those who tion, had prepared on May 10, 1779, for • Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, the or­ apply run up against an age-old Russian surrender to the enemy the following morn­ deal of Naum Meiman, a Soviet Jew who feeling of contempt for anyone who aban­ ing, when out of nowhere, a small cavalry simply wishes to emigrate to Israel, is dons the motherland. unit broke through the city walls in a daring distressingly familiar. At age 67, he has STILL REGARDED AS TRAITORS storm attack. The offensive warfare tactics been removed from his job and is in poor employed by the continent als for the first "They used to say to us, 'People like you t ime, and the psychological effect of surprise, health. He is shunned by his former col­ ought to be stood up against the wall,'" caused the battle experienced British infan­ leagues. His political associates have Mr. Melman said. "They no longer say that, try to fall apart. The new fighting spirit of been jailed. His dream of leaving for but they still regard us as traitors." this cavalry unit broke the siege, the enemy Israel has been nearly extinguished by Some have found themselves on a visa. withdrew. the Soviet Government. blacklist-in Moscow alone perhaps 100 fam­ Michael Kovats de Fabricy, the Hungarian­ In 1975, Naum Meiman was refused ilies. Why these people and not others? "Who born commanding colonel of the cavalry permission to leave the Soviet Union, the knows the full ansiwer?" Mr. Melman said. started the raid with extraordinary valor. By "They seem very reluctant to let scientists official explanation being that his work go. Maybe that's meant to discourage other correctly evaluating the oncoming disaster, as a theoretical physicist at the Moscow and his subsequent charge, undoubtedly, scientists who are not Jews. You must be changed the future of 13 American colonies. Institute of Theoretical and Experimen­ cleared of all suspicion of possessing state His total personal commitment represents tal Physics from 1955 to 1975 involved secrets. Can you imagine what personal grud~es can be paid off against you by your a turning point in the development of Ameri­ alleged "state secrets"-even though it had been two decades since Dr. Meiman superiors or co-workers on that point alone? can freedom, as we enjoy it today. To quote On Dec. 20, though weak with a virus in­ Michael Kovats de Fabricy himself: "Golden worked on "sensitive" projects. fection developing into pneumonia, Mr. Mel­ Freedom cannot be purchased with yellow The breakthroughs in physics of 20 man took himself to a house off Herzen gold." o years ago are today in the public domain. Street where, once a month, appeals in visa Nevertheless, Naum Meiman agreed to cases are heard by a high official named retire from the institute in exchange for Konstantin I. Zotov. A crowd of petitioners, SAMSO a declaration from its director that Mei­ mostly Jews but ethnic Russians, too, and man's work had been published openly ethnic Germans from their ancestral lands on the Volga packed the waiting room and HON. JERRY LEWIS in Soviet journals. spilled out into the alley. OF CALIFORNIA Dr. Meiman's sacrifice of his job and Through the bold act of a phone call to the institute's declaration had absolutely IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES someone in the Central Committee of the no bearing on the attitude of the Soviet Soviet Communist Party, Mr. Melman had ar­ Thursday, September 6, 1979 emigration officials, who have repeatedly ranged to be taken out pf turn. Mr. Zotov,. turned down his application to leave­ a big, heavyset man, received him in his • Mr. LEWIS. Mr. Speaker, the Space office, sitting behind his desk. and Missile Systems Organization most recently last July 28.

T'NO FRUITLESS APPEALS BEFORE WORLD OIL OUTPUT SET RECORD duction rose to record levels during the first Twice before Mr. Melman appealed for DURING U.S. GASOLINE SHORT­ six months of this year. intercession, in a letter in December 1976 to AGES Sharply increased production from the Leonid I. Brezhnev insisting that he had no Arab Gulf states (primarily Saudi Arabia.), secret information and in a letter in Decem­ from the North Sea and from Third World ber 1977 to the president of the Soviet Acad­ HON. ALBERT GORE, JR. countries outside the oil cartel more than made up for the Iranian loss. emy of Sciences, Anatoly P. Aleksandrov, say­ OF TENNESSEE ing that "you, better than anyone, can ap­ Worldwide oil output was 5.8 percent high­ preciate the falseness and absurdity" of the IN 'THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES er the first half of 1979 than in the com­ matter of secret information. Neither replied. Thursday, September 6, 1979 parable period last year, according to the au­ After the arrests in 1977 that thinned the thoritative Oil & Gas Journal. The Central ranks of Moscow dissidents, after the -increase • Mr. GORE. Mr. Speaker, Government Intelligence Agency and administration ex­ in Jewish emigration in 1978 and 1979 and and industry officials have given variot1s perts have come up with similar estimates. a.fter the expulsion of five dissidents in ex­ explanations of the recent severe gaso­ These figures are sharply at variance with change for two Soviet spies last May, there line shortages · but have always em­ the impression left earlier this year by former are few "rejected ones" left who are also phasized the political crisis in Iran, energy secretary James R. Schlesinger and prominent in the Soviet human-rights move­ others in the administration, who attributed . ment. Among them Mr. Melman is one of the which resulted in an immediate cut in the U.S. gasoline lines and 40 percent in­ most active. worldwide oil production of 5 million crease in gasoline prices in part to a world One of the men he got to know well in barrels per day. Last February, I asked oil shortage brought on by Iran. 1977 was Anatoly B. Shcharansky, the Jewish Mr. Dario Scuka, a petroleum analyst But to some extent the year-to-year pro­ rights activist now serving a 13-year sen­ with the Library of Congress, to attempt duction figures are deceptive, analysts said tence. At the time, being without official to quantify the worldwide oil shortage yesterday. During the first half of 1978, world work, Mr. Shcharansky could have been and to determine the extent to which oil production was kept artificially low, as picked up for "parasitism." To save him from other exporting nations had increased the industry tried to work off a glut that had that danger, Mr. Melman made him, offi­ put downward pressure on prices the year be­ cially, his secretary. When Mr. Shcharansky production to compensate for the loss of fore. Indeed, U.S. companies seem in retro­ was arrested on the incalculably graver Iranian oil production. spect to have gone a little too far in 1978, charge of espionage, Mr. Melman was twice Mr. Scuka's analysis, based on pro­ and to have let inventories fall below normal. called in by the security police for question­ jected figures, showed that world oil pro­ Thus the production increase so far this ing, and each time refused to appear. duction during the first three quarters of year to some extent represents recovery, and In October 1977, while he was under house 1979 was likely to be the same as it was to some extent reflects the normal annual arrest, the strain told and he suffered a vio­ during the first three quarters of 1978, increase in world consumption of petroleum lent gall-bladder attack. A doctor gave him a products. written opinion that he was in urgent need despite the Iranian shutdown. This was a It is theoretically possible to have an in­ of special care, which, living alone, he could limited but highly s'ignificant point. crease in production and a tight world mar.:. not have. Based on Mr. Scuka's analysis, I ex­ ket at the same time. Continuing with his account, Mr. Melman pressed the fear that an exaggerated Prices have also been lifted by anxiety. said: "But I don't want to paint everything hysteria about the immediate impact of The chaos in world oil markets spurred by in black colors. I have been lucky in life to the Iranian revolution on oil supplies was the Iranian revolt has still not totally sub­ have known such people as Andrei Sakharov, diverting our attention from the very sided, and most oil analysts say future pro­ Anatoly Shcharansky, Yuri Orlov, Vladimir duction is still marked with uncertainty. Slepak, Gen. Pyotr Grigorenko, Valery TUr­ real impending "price crisis," and creat­ Iran, formerly the second leading producer chin." ing a panic that could lead to hoarding. in the organization of Petroleum Exporting They are some of the human-rights figures Since that time, gasoline prices have Countries, reduced its oil output from more he has been associated with, all except Dr. risen far beyond our expectations. A dol­ than 5.5 million barrels a day during the first Sakharov, the physicist, now either in prison lar-per-gallon gasoline is now a very six months of 1979. or in exile. "And this apartment, which the painful reality in most of our country. Nevertheless, total free world oil produc­ authorities haven't taken away from me-by And there is no end in sight to the sky­ tion was not far below forecasts the major our standards it's comfort," he said. "Two oil companies and the Energy Department rooms, a cot, a table, and here, my own bath­ rocketing price of gasoline and no relief ma.de last year before the Iranian revolt. room, my own kitchen. And an added con­ for the many Americans-farmers, small Oil & Gas Journal, an industry trade pub­ venience, a K.G.B. · listening device, right business operators, working families­ lication, says total world oil production there behind that wall." who are hit hard by these price increases. averaged 61.8 million barrels a day during "What oppresses me," he said, "is that I Recently, actual worldwide oil pro­ the first half of this year compared with 58.7 am denied contact with other physicists, and duction figures for the first 6 months of million barrels a day during the first six without such contact in the field of modern months of 1978. mathematical physics you fall behind. I have 1979 have become available. These fig­ Reflecting on the sharp increase in world a few years left for scientific work. I have a ures confirm the projections made earlier oil output, a New York-based international feeling I am in a race with time and the this year in Mr. Scuka's analysis; in petroleum analyst, Walter J. Levy, said, odds are against me." fact, they show that worldwide oil pro­ "Production was definitely higher than peo­ duction was actually somewhat higher ple expected." SOVIET BARS EMIGRANT VISA AGAIN than Mr. Scuka's projections. These fig­ Levy, however, cautioned that "the danger Moscow, July 28.-Naum S. Melman, a ures, initially reported in the Oil & Gas is that the statistical supply picture can Jewish activist who appealed to the Soviet deceive us about the underlying weakness authorities seven months ago to reconsider Journal and later summarized by the of our position" as oil importers. their denial of his 1975 exit-visa application, Washington Post, show that world oil The sharpest increase in oil output during said today that the visa had again been production was 5.8 percent higher in the the first half of the year came from the refused. first half of 1979 than in the comparable Saudis, who raised production 1.4 million He said he was informed of the new refusal period in 1978. barrels a day over their average level during in a. telephone conversation several days ago I want to take this opportunity to 1978-a rise of 18.8 percent. During most of with an official of the Soviet visa department. the first six months of this year, the oil-rich The reason given, he said, was the same as commend Dario Scuka for his excellent kingdom's output exceeded its self-imposed the first time, that he was in possession of work in predicting this result from early ceiling of 8.5 million barrels a day. state secrets as a result of his work in the projected figures. He was the only one Iraq, likewise, dramatically increased its Moscow Institute of Theoretical and Experi­ who did so. Now that the chips have been production by 900,000 barrels a day, a jump mental Physics from 1955 to 1975. counted, his figures have been proven of 37.6 percent over last year, and has re­ The 67-year-old former physicist had to amazingly accurate, if slightly conserva­ placed Iran as the cartel's second leading sever relations with the institute after he tive. It should give us pride in the work producer. applied for emigration in 1975; he has been Overall, despite the interruptions and out of work since. He based his appeal partly of the Congressional Research Service. sharp decline in Iran's oil output, the 13- on a letter he had obtained from the insti­ I would like to share with my col­ member OPEC cartel's production during the tute director, I. V. Chuvilo, stating that his leagues the articles reporting these new first six months of this year rose from 28.3 work there had not involved secret material. statistics during the August recess: million barrels a day in January to 31 million Mr. Melman has been active both in sup­ WORLD OIL OUTPUT SETS RECORD DESPITE IRAN barrels a day in June. Moreover, according port of Jewish emigration and as a political to Central Intelligence Agency internal dissident, a member of a Moscow group (By J.P. Smith) analysis, the cartel's oil production con­ formed to monitor Soviet compliance with Despite the revolution that shut down tinued at higher levels during the first half the human rights provisions of the 1975 Iranian oil output-and no matter the gas of 1979 than in the first six months of 1978. Helsinki accords.e lines ln the United States-world oil pro- John Lichtblau of the Petroleum Industry 23752 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1979 Research Foundation says that "there was ed these figures on a company-by-company refined fuel oil and gasoline were down by clearly a shortage during the first quarter" basis. a.bout half as much. Still, he said, the figures of 1979 but that free world output rose dur­ Until now, federal energy officials have had increased overall. · ing the second quarter. explained the summer gasoline shortage in At Mobil, where crude oil imports were up As for the current state of world oil part by saying tbat refiners used their in­ almost 18 percent, Templeton said that his markets, Lichtblau says he expects free creased crude supplies to rebuild their re­ company used some of the additional oil to world production to hold at between 52 mil­ serves, that they used their refineries at less build up its reserves of gasoline in order to lion and 53 million barrels a day. During the than capacity and that to some extent they prepare for refinery shutdowns for mainte­ first three months of this year, Lichtblau cut gasoline production in favor of other nance this fall. says, free world production stood at 50.5 and more profitable oil byproducts like jet By July, Templeton said, Mobil had more million barrels a day. fuel. At the same time, federal officials have than a million additional barrels of gasoline At the Energy Department yesterday a said that gasoline demand rose artificially in reserve than it normally maintains to pre­ senior official said, "Our numbers show pro­ earlier this year as panicky motorists and pare for those shutdowns. duction is up dramatically too." other consumers began topping otf their "In hindsight, we could have released that As for Schlesinger's pronouncements tanks. million barrels and our inventory wouldn't earlier this year that the world oil shortage Total crude oil import figures from com­ have gone below last year's levels," Temple­ was as much as 2 million barrels a day, the pany records show that in the first five ton said. DOE official said, "Our view was that de­ months of 1979 U.S. on firms imported 385 He said Mobil was opera.ting this year with mand including stockbuilding exceeded million barrels more than in the first five about 52,000 additional barrels of imported supply." As for the current oil outlook, the months of last year. crude supplies. Part of that, he said, was to official said, "We are on the knife's edge That much crude oil would have supplied make up for a loss of 15,000 barrels a day of now-just about at equilibrium." an additional three weeks of driving gasoline domestic crude oil that Mobil could no longer Ironically, in June in Geneva as OPEC an­ to American motorists this summer, accord­ buy, leaving a net increase of 37,000 barrels a nounced the stiffest price increase since ing to the National Petroleum Refiners Asso­ day. 1973's embargo, most oil ministers said that ciatipn. Templeton said tha.t during the period of production and demand were in close align­ while crude oil imports rose this year by the gasoline shortage Mobil's crude oil re­ ment. 9 percent, demand for gasoline in the nation serves remained fairly constant, with 21 mil­ Before the OPEC meeting opened, Dr. rose by approximately 3 percent, according lion barrels in April, and back to 21 million Fadhil Chelabi, an official wt.th the cartel's to oil industry spokesmen. barrels in May. secretariat, said that much of the confusion Even as imports increased steadily in the At Gulf, Deakin acknowledged that crude in oil markets during the spring resulted first half of 1979, oil companies cut gasoline oil imports were up by 23.5 percent, but from the massive replenishment of inven­ supplies to service stations by as much as added that imports of refined fuel oil and tories in the industrial nations, not from 15 percent. The resulting tight market led to gasoline were down. Gulf increased its net shortages in oil production. a 50 percent increase in the price of gasoline. imports of oil and oil products by a.bout 10 Schlesinger, however, disagreed. A week The records show that just after Iran percent in the first six months of 1979, before the OPEC ministers met he told a Deakin said. stopped oil production on Dec. 26, the U.S. He said he could offer no specific explana­ Washington press conference that the world companies sharply increased their crude oil shortage amounted to about 1.6 million tion of why there were lines at Gulf stations imports from other nations, including Saudi just as there were at other stations. barrels a day, and predicted, "There will be Arabia, Kuwait, Nigeria, Algeria and Vene­ some easement, but it will not be grea.t." "It's always hard comparing statistics," zuela. Deakin said. "You're really comparing apples For example, Exxon, the nations' largest U.S. On. IMPORTS INCREASED DURING GASOLINE and oranges-what you planned to import oil company, h·ad been importing approxi­ CRUNCH and the marketing environment. One reason mately 3 million barrels of Iranian oil for (By Patrick Tyler and Jonathan Neumann) we were able to run our refineries s·o well is U.S. use each month before the Iranian because we were not relying on Iranian While American motorists were waiting in shutdown. crude." gasoline lines earlier this year, U.S. oil firms Yet, when it lost 9.4 million barrels of Les Goldman, a.ssista.nt secretary of energy, were importing 9 percent more crude oil Iranian oil in April, May, and June, Exxon professed surprise over the 9 percent increase than they did in 1978. replaced that amount with imports from in crude oil imports. Nonetheless, he said A detailed examina.tion of oil company other countries and still increased its overall consumer demand was larger than the oil records shows that among those crude oil crude imports by 5 million barrels compared supply could accommodate this summer. import increases for the first six months with the like three months in 1978. On Feb. 7, then secretary James R. Schle­ of 1979 were : Gulf Oil Corp., up 23.5 percent; Indeed, just as Iran concluded its first full singer told the Senate Energy Committee that Ashland Oil, up 19.6 percent; Mobil Oil Corp., month of shutdown in January, Exxon was the Iran shutdown would reduce oil imports up 17.9 percent, and Exxon U.S.A., up 15.5 setting its record !or a single month's im­ by 500,000 barrels a day. And in a s·pecial re­ percent. ports-26.6 million barrels. port to the president released three weeks The import records are filed monthly by Executives at Exxon, Mobil and Gulf and ago, the DOE said that imports in February each oil company with the Department of federal energy officials offered varying ex­ through May this year increased by on~y 3.3 Energy (DOE) and are certified by the firms planations of why gasoline supplies to the percent over la.st year. as accura.te under penalty of law. public were reduced in the !ace of rising In interviews, executives of Gulf, Exxon Goldman defended both of those positions, crude oil supplies. · despite the oil company records showing a 9 and Mobil acknowledged that their imports­ A spokesman for Exxon declined to provide and their total crude supplies-were up sub­ percent crude oil import increase. specific information to show how Exxon's He said Schlesinger was right, because stantially, despite the shutdown of the oil­ additional crude on as used this year. fields in Iran for 10 weeks at the beginning DOE views the increased import figures as a "The numbers you w.ant are simply not "reduction" since imports were not as high of the year. going to be made avanable because the None of the company officials offered an as they might have been if Iran had not never were made available before," said stopped oil production. explanation of how this summer's gasoline Margaret Earle. shortage was touched off in the face of fast­ Another Exxon spokesman said that, gen­ Goldman also said that the 3.3 percent fig­ growing imports. erally, Exxon used some of its additional ure cited in the report to the president re­ "We at Mobil don't make or create gasoline ferred to total figures for imports of all petro­ lines, that's an industry phenomenon," said crude to build up reserves, which had been drawn down in the first quarter of 1979 to leum products, including substantial quan­ Bonner Templeton, a vice president for sup­ tities of residual fuel oil used primarily by ply and distribution. meet higher demand for gasoline and to re­ place "marginally lower" supplies of domestic electric utilities to power genera.ting Said Jon Deakin, senior vice president for equipment.e Gulf's oil supply arm, "That's always the crude on. thing that's hard ... because I know we The spokesman, Seaver, of Exxon Inter­ maintained our refinery runs pretty consist­ national, said that while Exxon's crude oil ently this year .. . insofar as we are con­ supplies were higher than 1978, they were PERSONAL EXPLANATION cerned, our level of crude supply was pretty not as high as the company had planned. well sustained." Seaver declined to disclose what the com­ "Where did the oil go? You've got me pany had projected for its crude oil needs this HON. JOHN J. CAVANAUGH year. bothered by the fact that I don't have a OF NEBRASKA Peter Wolgast, manager of Exxon Interna­ satisfactory answer to the question," said IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Anthony L. Seaver, manager of the planning tional 's planning and analysis division, had division at Exxon International. said in an interview la.st Friday that "our Thursday, September 6, 1979 It was reported this week that worldwide actual imports were lower (in 1979) than oil production was up 5.8 percent in the first they had been at the same time in 1978." e Mr. CAVANAUGH. Mr. Speaker, six months of 1979. And federal energy offi­ Yesterday, Wolgast acknowledged that weather held up my return flight to the cials have reported in the past that total "when I went back and checked, I found the city and I unfortunately missed a vote U.S. crude imports were up. opposite." He said that while crude oil im­ on rollcall No. 435. Had I !been here I However, DOE officials have never present- ports were up by about 15 percent, imports of would have voted "aye."• September 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23753 REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT ON CHI­ stately mansions and a. mix of houses and $30,254 difference between development in­ three-story, multifamily buildings. come and development expenses, was CAGO'S SOUTH SIDE Rapid growth of surrounding black com­ $208,000, representing a 5.2 percent return munities increased the demand for housing on its equity. The level was well below the in South Shore and prices began to rise industry average of 14 percent for banks of HON. DAN ROSTENKOWSKI rapidly. As blacks moved in, whites moved its size, "but it proved those critics wrong OF ILLINOIS out, along with virtually all of the businesses who argue that you can't make loans for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and the exclusive shops that had thrived commercial real estate ventures in black there. The area ls now 85 percent black. communities without losing your shirt," said Thursday, September 6, 1979 As the neighborhood changed, the South Milton Davis, the bank's president. •Mr. ROSTENKOWSKI. Mr. Speaker, Shore Bank began to cut its services, grant­ REHABILITATION DOES WORK as a representative of an urban com­ ing only two mortgages totaling $59,000 in "Conventional wisdom has it that the eco­ munity, I am always interested in the the community in 1972. As a result of its nomics of rehabilitation don't work and cutback in services, denoaits declined from a that you have to bulldoze and build anew efforts of people and institutions that peak of $80 million to $46 million and tne support our city neighborhoods. The from the ground up," he said. "We've come bank's owners decided to bail out. to the opposite conclusion-that you can subject of a recent New York Times ar­ "We call this disinvestment," said Ronald rehabllltate, get sound housing and put it ticle is the South Shore National Bank's Grzywinski, chairman of the bank's execu­ back on the market at prices people can redevelopment project on Chicago's tive committee and the man who set up the afford." redevelopment project. "As the former opera­ South Side. The bank's program, now 5 Two studies by a University of Chicago years old, was set up by Ronald Grzywin­ tors of the bank saw it, the new people in the community were not as credit-worthy, sociologist indicate that the rehabilitation ski. By all indication the project has did not maintain accounts large enough to be effort has played a significant role in arrest­ helped stem neighborhood deterioration, profitable and presented the risk of increased ing blight, reducing crime and stabilizing reduce crime, and stabilize the commu­ fraud and higher delinquent loan payment the South Shore community. nity it serves. I would like to insert this rates." In a follow-up to a 1974 survey of the article in the RECORD: "When a neighborhood changes racially," community, the sociologist found a dramatic Mr. Grzywinski went on, "the people in its reduction in population turnover and the CHICAGO BANK MAKES MONEY ON LOANS THAT crime rate, a stable welfare rate and rising AID DETERIORATING NEIGHBORHOOD institutions often throw up their hands and say there is nothing that can be done to save median family incomes and property values. (By Nathaniel Sheppard, Jr.) the community, and leave. Bankers have at · He ,also found residents more optimistic CHICAGO, July 26.-Five years ago the new least as much if not more prejudice as others about the nlghborhood's future.e owners of the South Shore National Bank and when a neighborhood changes they keep set out to disprove the notion of their fellow investment money out of that nelghboil"­ bankers that making development loans in hood." FREEDOM FOR DR. SEMYON deteriorating neighborhoods was like throw­ By this time, Mr. Grzywinski had developed GLUZMAN ing money out of the window. his model for a bank's participation in com­ Today, buoyed by its success in helping munity development through a holding com­ to arrest blight in the South Shore district, pany and was looking for the opportunity to HON. S. WILLIAM GREEN a predominantly black community of 80,000 try it out. OF NEW YORK seven miles south of the Loop, the bank is After obtaining about $4 million in financ­ preparing to embark on an even larger re­ ing from foundations and other groups, ne IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES habilitation effort. and three partners took over the bank and Thursday, September 6, 1979 In a joint venture, it will finance its hold­ began the neighborhood redevelopment ing company's multimillion-dollar purchase effort. • Mr. GREEN. Mr. Speaker, once again and rehabilitation of about 500 units of de­ In the last five years the bank has granted I rise to speak out on the case of Dr. teriorating multifamily housing in the most development loans totaling $18 million in Semyon Gluzman, a 32-year-old psychia­ blighted section of South Shore. It wm be the South Shore community. In 1977 and trist who has been unjustly imprisoned in one of the largest rehabilitation efforts in­ 1978 the bank financed the rehabilitation the Soviet Union for over 7 years. I make volving other than high-rise buildings. of 625 multifamily housing units at a cost these remarks as part of the "Shatter NATIONAL MODEL IS HOPED of $3.7 million. It also granted 114 mortgages for single-family homes, 37 mortgages for the Silence, Vigil 1979," organized in con­ Officers of the bank hope that the effort multifamily homes, 209 home improvement junction with the Union of Councils for will help their neighborhood redevelopment loans, 125 commercial loans and 293 student Soviet Jews, a daily event on the floor of project become a national model of how local loans. this House which seeks to gain freedom banks and institutions can play a vital role BUSINESS RENOVATION SLOWER in preserving communities while still turn­ for Soviet Jews. ing a profit. Other banks in Chicago and in Despite the infusion of money into South Semyon Gluzman is a man of great other cities have expressed interest in the Shore housing, many storefronts remain courage and conviction, who was impris­ bank's efforts, and it is setting up a seminar vacant or in disrepair along 71st Street, the oned 7 years ago last May, because he re­ for bankers who would like to know more hub of the neighborhood. fused to certify human rights and politi­ about the bank's methods and experience. Last year a group of South Shore residents joined forces with developers and formed cal activists as insane for the KGB. Dr. "While other banks are redlining neigh­ Gluzman was only 25 at the time he went borhoods we are greenlining them," said the Phoenix Partnership. The partnership bought three and a half blocks of commer­ to prison for refusing to abrogate the Susan Davis, vice president of the bank. cial buildings along 7lst Street. With loans tenets of his profession, and he has paid "And we have been able to turn a profit while !rom the bank the group began a renova­ doing so." dearly for his love of freedom and truth. tion effort that already has resulted in the The record of his prison term includes Redlining is the p~actice by banks, in­ restoration of a block of vacant storefronts. surers and other institutions of refusing to And the owners of the Rosenblum Drug prolonged terms of solitary confinement, make l"Oans, grant mortgages or write insur­ Store, the only business to remain in the resulting in severe ill-health, and a seri­ ance in certain neighborhoods because of neighborhood after its population shifted, ously damaged physical condition bor­ perceived risks. Redlined neighborhoods are have undertaken a $340,000 project, under­ dering at times on death. A recent photo­ usually poor or predominantly occupied t:>y written by the bank, to rehabilitate and ex­ graph I received compares starkly to the minorities, or they are close to such neigh­ pand their retail space. one taken at the time he was so unjustly borhoods. "We knew that the community had to be incarcerated. Last May, after his official "In the new project we will take the big­ revitalized at some point because every­ gest and the worst buildings in South Shore body can't move to the suburbs or to the 7-year prison term was over, Dr. Gluz­ and make them as good as new and hope North Side of the city," said John Kelly, one man began his 3-year term of "internal that smaller buildings and homes in the of the drugstore's owners. "And besides, the exile" in Siberia, where he now area will ride on our coattails," said Thomas neighborhood wants us to stay." languishes. Gallagher, president of the City Lands Cor­ LARGER SPACES GOING FAST What makes the plight of Semyon poration, an affiliate of the Illinois Neighbor­ Last year the hank extended $6.4 Inilllon Gluzman so personally compelling to me hood Development Corporation, the bank's in development loans to the South Shore and thousands of others in the United holding company. "We believe the project neighborhood, raising its total outstanding will be sufficiently dramatic to get the com­ States and abroad is that he has never loans to the area to $15.2 million. The 90- ceased to speak out for freedom and munity back on its feet." day delinquency rate on the loans, at 2.4 99 PERCENT WHITE IN 1950'S percent, was well below the industry average, truth throughout his prison term. In the In the 1950's South Shore was 99 percent according to bank officials. early years of his sentence, he coauthored white, a. well-to-do community with a lake­ The bank's net income last year, a!ter sub­ with Vladimir Bukovsky a "Manual of front on its eastern boundary, an area of sidizing its redevelopment project for the Psychiatry for Political Dissidents," a 23754 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1979 guide for fellow dissidents describing dom and democracy have won acclaim the market" were painted in the minds o! many techniques to prevent being classified as world over. outsiders. psychotic by government psychiatrists, On this notable occasion, I have the priv­ But as numerous sources were looking for­ and managed to smuggle this to the out­ ilege to express my heartiest respect for all ward to big business deals, the Chinese Com­ of you. It is my great honor to visit this munists found themselves having no choice side world. While in prison he vigorously country for the historic 20th Captive Nations but to admit that the program is just as protested the treatment of his fellow Week Anniversary and thus be with you at impracticable as the "Great Leap Forward" prisoners, which brought about his place­ the very place of that noble legislative move. of the late 50s. Unilaterally they scira.pped ment in harsh solitary confinement. Last BASIC CONFRONTATION BETWEEN SLAVERY AND a number of foreign trade and monetary con­ January, another of his poems reached -ANTI-ENSLAVEMENT tracts and agreements. This was accom­ the West, and once again Semyon Gluz­ This is a turbulent age with dangers lurk­ panied by terrorist steps at home against man spoke out for freedom and truth ing everywhere. People are earnestly praying those clamoring for freedom, democracy and and religious beliefs in a magnificent and for peace and seeking ways to avert wars. human rights. But the unchanged Communist goal is world At the two-week Second Session of the 5th moving way. His courage seems un­ "National People's Congress" that opened ln daunted despite the adversity which he communization and enslavement of man­ kind. Still continued, therefore, is the fun­ Peiping ("Peking") on the 18th of last has experienced. damental confrontation between those bent month, Hua. Kuo-feng said the Chinese It is important that the leaders of the on spreading slavery and those who oppose mainland poverty and backwardness could Soviet Union realize that the world is it. This involves freedom and democracy on not be erased in a short while a.nd that in­ the one hand and, on the other, Communism accurate estimate and planning had been watching what happens to Semyon Gluz­ made for Four Modernizations. He spoke of man. There are 63 cosponsors of House and autocracy. The confrontation is presently manifested the existence of "obvious defects" in eco­ Joint Resolution 265, which I have intro­ mainly in three forms : nomic and production management systems, duced along with my colleagues BIAGGI, One is Communist nuclear blackmail ver­ then called for overall adjustment. BINGHAM, and KEMP' calling upon the sus the nuclear armament of free nations. Many recent visitors from abroad have Soviet Government to release him and Another is Communist aggression through been shocked by the ignorance and back­ allow him to emigrate to Israel with his proxy wars versus the effort of free nations wardness of the Chinese Communists, the family. On May 9, the anniversary of his to safeguard freedom. destitution of the people, and the wide­ The other is multifront Red expansion spread loss o! hope in Communist rule. Jay prison sentence, 42 Members of the House Mathews wrote for the Washington Post wrote to President Carter asking for his versus the free world exertion to promote common security. July 5 that the majority of people, includ­ intervention on behalf of Dr. Gluzman. As·ia is the major sensitive areia of con­ ing cadres, were resentful and unwilling to There are organizations working on Dr. frontation. The Russians are sketching out make further sacrifice for Peiping. He feels Gluzman's cause in the United States, into the Middle East, the Indian Ocean, the the regime is in no shape to continue its rule and in other countries, such as Amnesty South Sea.s, anct the Sea of Japan. The Com­ and the Chinese mainland political outlook International and the Committee to Free munists o-f China and Vietnam are resort­ will change as a result before long. Dr. Semyon Gluzman. ing to their utterly ruthless inhuman The Four Modernizations program has tactios--export of refugees-in their at­ failed without getting under way, but the Our outrage at his treatment has not tempts to harass and subvert free nations Chinese mainland people's campaign for abated. Our work on his behalf will per­ of Southeast Asia. Add to this picture the freedom ls spreading and gathering momen­ sist. And we continue to pray for his energy crisis that is shaking the world, and tum. Young people want freedom of school­ health and fortitude so that in fact Sem­ it becomes unequivocally clear that the ing, occupation and marriage; workers are yon Gluzman will realize his prayers for course of Asia will decide future world out­ demanding freedom to choose jobs; farmers look. are badly in need of freedom from hunger. freedom soon.• People are gallantly proposing that the Promotion CY! freedom and security in Asta mainland learn from Tai wan. One notable is indispensable if the free world is to avoid characteristic of this situation of all-out being plunged into wwrs and disasters. This CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK anti-Communism is that even those of the promotion urgently requires the pooling o! younger generation, who have been brought Asian forces that st-and !or freedom. up and educated under Communism, are ris­ HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI Freedom forces are awakening and rising ing against the regime and its doctrine. A in Asia. The United States must grasp this fatal wound has been infiicted. The Chinese OF ILLINOIS advantageous situation, firmly stand with Communist rule can fall apart overnight if IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES f'ree Asians, and strive with strength !or the the anti-Communist campaign of the people protection o! security in the Asian and there receives proper assistance from free Thursday, September 6, 1979 Pacific region. nations. o Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I wish CHINESE COMMUNISTS-AN ASSET? HOPES ATTACHED TO THE U.S. to insert a speech by the chairman of the One popular strategic concept deinands Distinguished Senators: In this crisis-rid­ Captive Nations Week Committee of the alliance with the Chinese Communists fo;r den world seriously threatened by Com­ Republic of China, Dr. Ku Cheng-kang, the restraint of Russians. This seemingly at­ munist expansionists, high hopes continue which he gave while visiting Washington, tractive idea ls in fact quite mistaken and to be attached to the United States. D.C., in connection with the Captive Na­ dangerous. America doesn't have to be an interna­ tions Week celebrations here in the The mistake lies ln the attempt to unite tional fire company, and no young American with a force of enslavement for opposition blood need be shed in any foreign land. All United States. During his visit to the to another similar force. This will spur multl­ that the people hope the U.S. will do is: Congress, Dr. Ku spoke before both front Red expansion and provide the Chinese First, refrain from doing anything that will House and Senate Members. Communists with opportunities to trick in­ help Red growth and never dance to the tune As shown in Dr. Ku's address, it is im­ dustrially dev•eloped democratic countries of Russian or Chinese Communists. lnRtead, perative for us to continue to uphold the into supplying them with knowhow, capital, adhere to the stand for freedom with human dignity of those peoples held cap­ facdlities, food stuff and weapons for growth strength and check Red advances. tive of communism, who struggle for as another aggressive force. Second, a void damaging free forces. Do not their freedom, democracy and human The danger stems from the blurring of mistake enemies as friends, thereby hurting rights: demarcation between friend and foe. This America's truly faithful companions. Instead, loosens the free camp and exposes free na­ give full play to the nation's massive p-ro­ BETTER NEW RELATIONSHIP FOR GREATER COM­ tions as targets of individual conquest by ductivlty and advanced science and technol­ MON INTEREST the Russian and Chinese Communists who ogy, and help the other free nations speed (Speech by Dr. Ku Cheng-kang, the 20th are racing hard for hegemony. Even more up their industrialization for the enhance­ Captive Nations Week Anniversary, Wash­ dangerous is that the two Red powers may ment of their defense capabilities. Further­ ington, D.C. July 17, 1979) at any time join hands for their common more, strive to unite all the world's freedom It was here on the Capitol Hill, a solemn communlzatlon goal and adva.nce together forces for positive safeguarding of free peo­ symbol of freedom and democracy, that ob­ against the free democratic world. ple's common security. servance of Captive Nations Week became a The Chinese Oommunlsts are poor, back­ Third, keep away !ram matters that make public law 20 years ago. The objective was ward and ve,ry bellicose. Allirance with them it easier for the Communists to tighten their to bolster the subjugated peoples' aspira­ certainly will be liability, not an asset, to grip on the captive masses of people-more tions for freedom and independence. Taken free nations. than a billion of them-behind the Iron Cur­ thus was a Congressional step of moral cour­ For some time not long aigo, the Chinese taiin. Drive in wedges of human rights cam­ age in line with America's national spirit. Commun•sts were talking boastfully about paign and encourage those in chains to fight More recently, especially since mid-December their so-called Four Modernizations, sup­ for freedom and democracy. last year, the righteous words enunciated by posedly requiring a total capital outlay o! GROWTH OF NEW U.S.-ROC RELATIONS you on the China issue and in support o! 600 billion dollaa-s. Radiant but actually Distinguished Senators: The peoples o! the Republic of China's endeavor for free- unrealistic pictures of "Chinese mainland the United States and the Republic of China September 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23755 share identical ideological patterns and ways · another giant step in the President's will be held to create an aura of internal of life and similarly love freedom and democ­ "openness in government" policy. I ask contentment with the Soviet system is racy. The ROC is exposed to sharp impacts on my colleagues to take a look at the at­ the international front but remains firmly Vladimir Bukovsky, a victim of 12 years on the free camp side and continues to pro­ tached memorandum and draw their in Soviet prison camps. He knows what mote the nation's democratic constitutional own conclusions: many will not believe or choose to ig­ rule. The ROC respects free economy and is MEMORANDUM nore-that the Soviet Government will presently America's eighth trade partner. WASHINGTON, D.C., go to whatever extent we permit to The two-way U.S.-ROC trade total in the six August 16, 1979. legitimize its systematic discrimination years from 1980 to 85 is expected to exceed To Assistant Secretaries, Heads of Principal and repression of its citizens, which is 100 billion dollars. Operating Oomponents, Heads of OS clearly a violation of the Helsinki agree­ Through endeavors to safeguard freedom Staff Offices, Principal Regional Officials, ment and of the Olympic principles first and democracy, the ROC government and Special Assistants, and Executive people in Taiwan have kept a beacon lamp Secretariat. articulated by Baron de Coubertin. burning for the 800 million Chinese main­ This is to ask that no communications If the U.S. Olympic Committee is not land population. Whether those 800 million be sent to Members of Congress or staff going to represent our interests by recog­ people are to remain in captivity or regain on any pending or proposed legislation with­ nizing and protesting Soviet violations freedom has decisively to do with the future out express approval by me through the of Olympic principles, then the people of the entire world. If those people are to Assistant Secretary for Legislation. of our country must speak out for them­ become massive additional manpower of the Until further notice, there are to be no free camp instead of remaining as Red Chi­ selves. We must make our voices heard, meetings, calls, or staff contacts with Mem­ in concert with the articulate words of nese tools of aggression, the strong existence bers of Congress or staff, White House Staff, and growth of the ROC is an absolute pre­ Office of Management and Budget, or the Vladimir Bukovsky, to prevent the So­ requisite. _ _ Economic Policy Group regarding proposed viet Government from using the Olym­ The security of the ROC's Taiwan base has or pending legislation, 1980 authorizations pic games as an official sanction to vio­ inseparably to do with the security of North­ m· appropriations, or policy development late human rights and as an official east Asia and the entire Asian-Pacific region. without prior discussion with me through podium from which to proselytize and to Taiwan also is a shield for the protection of the Assistant Secretary for Legislation. aggrandize communism. America's strategic bases in the Western Pa­ PATRICIA ROBERTS HARRIS .• cific. Because of its strategic pos.ition, the Mr. Bukovsky leaves it to the individ­ island can help check Russian expansion into ual athlete and tourist to decide what the area. If the security of Taiwan is under­ VLADIMIR BUKOVSKY SPEAKS OUT road to take. We could boycott, we could mined, the entire Western Pacific will be ex­ ON THE MOSCOW OLYMPICS . participate. "But if you still decide to posed to so much easier Red advances. participate in the games," he foresees For the common interest O•f the U.S. and from the vantage point of indisputable the ROC, the two nations should seek to JACK KEMP experience, "remember that some of the develop new relations through economic, HON. F. trade, cultural, people's diplomacy and other OF NEW YORK Olympic souvenirs you buy are made by channels. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prisoners in Soviet labor camps." For the security of the Western Pacific, our Mr. Speaker, it is no longer my in­ two nations must exert greater joint en­ Thursday, September 6, 1979 tention to advocate a boycott of the 1980 deavor against the spread of Communist e Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, in his out­ summer Olympics. I believe it is ex­ forces of enslavement. standing commentary on the 1980 sum­ tremely important, however, for us to do For the promotion of lasting friendship our utmost to insure equal participation between the two great peoples, the U.S. and mer Olympic games in the Wall Street the ROC must together assist the Chinese Journal, exiled Soviet dissident Vladimir for all those who do desire to attend the mainland people's fight for freedom, democ­ Bukovsky reviews new developments in games. It is in that spirit that I have racy and human rights. the preparation of the 1980 Olympics introduced House Concurrent Resolution Distinguished Senators: Developments in particularly as it is being touted by the 180, expressing the sense of the Congress all parts of the world have made it crystal Soviets. Anyone who has accused those that, in hosting the 1980 summer Olym­ clear that people everywhere invariably are of us who opposed Soviet sponsorship of pic games, the Soviet Government after national security, political democracy, the games of politicizing the Olympics should adhere to the Helsinki accords social stab111ty and economic prosperity. The Communist class struggle and dictatorship would do well to read this article, which and the Olympic spirit of fair play and of the proletariat, being contrary to human follows my remarks. equality of opportunity. I urge my col­ nature and human rights, have been dis­ It is frustratingly clear that the So­ leagues to join me as cosponsors in this carded by the world at large. Notable indica­ viets are using this opportunity to create effort to keep the summer Olympics as tions are the examples of defeat suffered by a false face of socialist superiority to nonpolitical and nondiscriminatory as Communist candidates in the recent Euro­ show the world, yet they are insulating possible. Our strong advocacy of this po­ pean and Japanese elections. The Communist themselves from charges that they are sition will mean a great deal to all those rampancy today ls only on the surface. It cannot conceal the continuing Red bloc trend politicizing the Olympics by accusing who participate in or are affected by the of degeneration and dissolution. Neither their critics of the very violations of Olympics, either directly or indirectly eclipsed ls the surging tide of freedom forces Olympic principles of which they are and will tell the world that Americans d~ with insistent determination. The campaigns guilty. In other words, if we criticize not have to have their freedoms taken waged behind and outside the Iron Curtain their program of propaganda, we are away from them, as Vladimir Bukovsky against Communism and tyranny will be guilty of propagandizing, therefore we did, before we will defend the principles joined as a torrent of the age, destroying all are politicizing the Olympics. If we fail we hold dear. Red forces as it surges ahead. America as the to criticize this obvious convolution of The article follows: mainstay of the free camp is charged with the historic mission to lead and promote free Olympic principles to fit socialist ends, GAMES RUSSIANS PLAY world endeavor for freedom and democracy. are we not then also guilty of allowing (By Vladimir Bukovsky) The world ardently hopes and earnestly re­ the games to become political? This Who can forget the greatest Olympic quests that all of you Senators will continue catch 22 situation is adding insult to Games of modern times, when Berlin became to uphold justice and see that the American injury, and I intend to continue protest­ the scene of widespread gaiety? Scarlet ban­ wlll power is kept at the highest possible ing vigorously any indications that the ners with black swastikas flew in the wind level.e Olympic games are not being carried out parades and festive ceremonies crowded th~ in the spirit in which they were created. city and choirs sang. And who can forget that OPENNESS IN GOVERNMENT Mr. Speaker, does it take a Russian memorable moment when children present­ ed a visibly moved Hitler with an olive to stand up for the rights of the free branch? HON. WILLIAM F. GOODLING world? Apparently so, for among those Such peaceful scenes, far removed from voices raised in protest that Radio Lib­ the heat of politics, are about to be repeated OF PENNSYLVANIA erty and Radio Free Europe will not be in Moscow, the "capital of smiles," as they IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES permitted to cover the games I hear say there nowadays. Preparations for the Thursday, September 6, 1979 Vladimir Bukovsky, but not the U.S. Summer Olympics are going on at top speed. Olympic Committee. Among those con­ Construction may be behind schedule, but in e Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker dur­ cerned that Russian dissidents and so­ a totalitarian state this sort of difficulty ls ing the recent Congressional rece~s Pat called prisoners of conscience will be easily overcome. All civic and housing con­ Harris, the new Secretary of HEW, 'took struction has been halted in order to concen­ cleared from those areas where events trate on the Olympic facilities. 23756 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1979 The labor is provided by Soviet Army sol­ the shops was blamed on Czechoslovakia­ men to boycott the Games for moral reasons; diers, in exchange for free passes to watch i t was necessary to feed the Soviet soldiers the same applies to tourists. The Soviet au­ the Games. The building of the facilities has there. Now the Olympics are the scapegoat. thorities would find it embarrassing and dif­ been declared a Komsomol shock-worker For the Soviet government the economic ficult to explain this to the people. project, which means that free labor will be gains a.re very real-the Games will bring But if you still decide to go or partici­ provided; indeed as of next autumn scien­ 1n nesperately needed hard currency. pate in the Games, remember that some of tists, scholars, students will be taken from The basic Olympic principles haven't the Olympic souvenirs you buy are made by their own work and forced to labor on build­ changed much from 1936. They are aimed prisoners in Soviet labor camps. ing sites and clean-up campaigns. Moscow is to create international respect and good­ Mr. Bukovsky, who spent 12 years in So­ undergoing a complete face-lift: houses are will. German ofiicials also invoked "the good­ viet prison camps, was exiled two years ago being decorated, buildings are getting re­ will and readiness of nations to dedicate all and lives in England. His book, "To Build a painted, even the cobblestones in Red Square their forces and faculties to the pursuit of Castle: My Life as a Dissenter," was pub­ are being renewed. friendly combat for the benefit of mankind" lished last year by Viking·• Moscow is "cleaning up" in other spheres to achieve "universal understanding among as well. One reason for the recent trials of the world's peoples." dissidents was to get them out of Moscow, International respect for the Soviet au­ and to persuade the West that there is no thorities means approval of its aggressive DEEP SEABED MINING BILL A MUST dissent in the U.S.S.R., but merely parasites, international policy, a policy aimed at un­ agitators, malicious hooligans, spies and dermining the stability and independence madmen. Potential troublemakers will be of other countries, unl1awful occupation of HON. JOHN M. MURPHY sovereign territories and permanent ideo­ kept under close watch or barred from com­ OF NEW YORK ing to Moscow. Indeed, the city will be closed logical warfare against all noncommunist for the whole summer, which also means that countries. Sovi-.~t propaganda is tirelessly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES apart from registered Muscovites, ordinary hammering into the heads Of people that the Thursday, September 6, 1979 Soviet citizens won't be able to see the country is surrounded by enemies and any Games. attempt to esoape from Russia is treated as e Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. PIONEER CAMPS high treason, as it would be during war. Speaker, legislation to develop the im­ Schoolchildren are undesirable, too. They Holding the Olympics in Moscow means mense stores of minerals on the ocean have already been asked to state where they giving silent consent to the imprisonment floor becomes more important with each intend to spend next summer. Those who of people like Kovaljov, Shcharansky, Shel­ passing day. We have seen, year after have no specific plans will be organized into kov, Osipov, Orlov and many others whose year, the delays which have been engi­ grouips and sent to special "pioneer" camps opinions are in conflict with official ideol­ neered by the third world countries to in order to be saved from the corrupting in­ ogy. It means consenting to the severe per­ secution of organizations like the Human bring the Law of the Sea Conference to fluence of foreigners. The authorities, on the a standstill. Yet, with each passing mo­ other hand, will be saved from the embar­ Rights Movement and the Helsinki Monitor­ rassment of having children ask for chewing ing Group, whose 1activities ·a.re aimed at the ment, this Nation has come to depend gum or jeans. One never knows what to ex­ observance of legal and humanitarian prin­ more heavily on importing those very pect from them and the unpredictable can­ ciples which are in accordance with those of minerals which lie on the deep seabed, not be permitted. the Olympic Games. waiting for the development of a rational American tourists will be organized into By signing the cont.ract with Moscow, the legislative framework within which 15-day tours costing a.bout $1 ,500 a person. International Olympic Committee has vio­ American technology can more reason­ They will spend three days in Moscow, but lated its own rules, which forbid holding the Games in ~ountries where there is ra­ ably make the huge capital investment the Olympic events they attend will be required to reduce our dependence upon chosen by Intourist. Then they will depart cial, national, religious or political discrim­ for Central Asi1a , the Caucasus or Siberia. ination. foreign sources for many of our strategic They won't be able to make friends or mix The committee is giving respectability and materials. with local people; 10,000 students are being legitimacy to this totalitarian regime and its It is complicated legislation: five Sen­ specially trained as guides, and Soviet aggressive, oppressive and chauvinistic pol­ ate committees have jurisdiction over guides are obliged to report to the KGB icies. It allows the Soviet authorities the portions of the bill, and four House com­ a.bout every move tourists make. opportunity to use the Games as a rostrum mittees. We have not been idle in the Even when they actually attend an for political propaganda. The highest govern­ House; my own Merchant Marine Com­ event they will probably find themselves ment and party officials are involved in or­ mittee has already reported the bill out, next to a soldier or some official--only 35 ganizing the Games, among them Goncharov, percent of the tickets will be sold to Musco­ head of the Communist Party Central Com­ as has the Interior Committee, and I vites (at a price up to $37.50) and about 30 mittee Propaganda Department, and Gres'ko, have specifically requested the chairman percent to foreigners. It doesn't take ·a lot expelled from Engl.and in 1971, and former of the Foreign Affairs Committee, Mr. of imagination to guess where the rest go. controller of British spies Philby, Burgess ZABLOCKI, to expedite the reporting of his (During the Berlin Olympics the predomi­ and Maclean. sections of the bill, so that we can quickly nance of officials was also noted by the for­ PROOF OF SUPERIORITY bring a consensus bill through confer­ eign press. But in Moscow they will be The Soviet press calls the Games the great­ ence before the end of this year. wearing civilian clothes and won't differ est event in the history of mankind and has Mr. Speaker, the current issue of the much from "ordinary" people.) The events emphasized that they wm take place in the official publication of the Seafarers In..: will be scattered all over Moscow and other first socialist country. Any success by So­ ternational Union, The LOG, spells out towns to avoid people assembling in greater viet or Ea.stern European sportsmen is always numbers than oan be observed by the interpreted by their countries as yet another quite clearly the need for immediate and watchful eyes of the KGB. victory for the Communist system and proof positive action by the Congress in bring­ Originally the Soviets were giving assur­ of its superiority. The large number of medals ing the deep seabed mining legislation ances that access to the Olympics would be are secured by the fact that Soviet sports­ to the President's desk. Our economy is free; there was even talk that visas wouldn't men are highly trained professionals. Only one which depends upon a multitude of be needed to enter the country and about Komsomol or Party members are allowed interacting factors, but as the article two milllon people were expected to come. into international teams and they enjoy points out, there is no reason for this Na­ Now the estimated number is down to 300,- privileges only the Soviet elite enjoys-the tion to default on such an important 000 and there is no question of "opening the best salaries, roomy fiats, access to special issue as an insufficiency of vital min­ borders." shops, trius abroad. This is a direct breach Representatives of "unfriendly" media of the first principle of the Olympic Games' erals. The legislation is before us, and such as Radio Liberty or Radio Free Europe int·ention "to promote the development of needs only to be speeded on its way. won't be allowed to cover the Games. And those fine physical and moral qualities which For the enlightenment of my col­ there are signs that emigration will be are the basis of amateur sport.". leagues who may not have had an op­ stopped on the pretext that the authorities About a year ago, I appealed for the portunity to read the excellent article are too busy dealing with visas for foreign first time to world opinion to press for the from the Seafarers' LOG, I have included visitors to the Games. removal of the Olympic Games from Moscow. the text of the article as a part of my The estimated cost is a.bout $330 m111ion Recently members of the Helsinki Monitor­ remarks: to $345 mil11on. The whole financial burden ing Group also appealed to the IOC to make will fall on the Soviet people. The govern­ a "c·easefire" in the war against humani­ ECONOMY DEMANDS ACTION ON OCEAN MINING ment is diverting all available resources to t arianism and mercy a necessary procondi­ Congress is once again considering passage the Olympics, so the production and supply tion for holding the Olympics ln the USSR. of an Ocean Mining Bill, one very similar in of food and consumer goods are being se­ The IOC remains deaf to the appeal. tone and substance to legislation proposed verely cut back. In addition, house-building It would be possible to hold the Games last year. has been stopped. In 1968, lack of food in in Montreal; it would be possible for sports- If enacted, the new bill would provide September 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23757 many benefits to the beleaguered American FORCING HISTORY BACKWARD IN The Palestinians are an unusually talented economy, including the creation of badly THE MIDEAST people. Those who live in Jordan, or who needed jobs for a host of American workers, . have settled elsewhere, often have risen to especially those employed in the maritime leve.Is Qf wealth and leadership. There are sector. HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI many cultivated, peaceful PaJ.estinians. The PLO tries to intimidate sucih persons. The bill is being considered at a time when OF ILLINOIS the Law of the Sea Conference has come to Some Palestinians do suffer from injustice, an impasse. The Conference was convened IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and a better solution than the present one nearly six years ago to, among other things, Thursday, September 6, 1979 must be found. Israel has agreed. But not regulate the rich natural resources which all the 'burden should fall on Israel. Outside lay at the bottom of our planet's oceans. • Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, one of forces that support the PLO do not help. It was hoped that the Law of the Sea. Con­ the major rhubarbs that occurred during Since 1945, more Jews have 'been driven ference would quickly produce an agreement the congressional recess was the "resig­ from Arab lands than :Palestinians from Is­ under which the nations of this world could nation" of Andrew Young as United Na­ rael. More Palestinians now live in Israel recover vast mineral deposits considered to tb:aJn Jews in Arab lands. To force all Pales­ tions Ambassador. I wish to insert in the tinians into the hands of the PLO is to force be "the common heritage of mankind." RECORD, at this point, one of the most The American economy desperately needs history backw.ards. It is not a humane pro­ the mineral resources paving the ocean floor. penetrating commentaries that I have gram. It is not in the interest o!f huma.n rigihts, At the present time the U.S. imports 98 seen on this event, by columnist Michael percent of its manganese and cobalt, 90 per­ Novak which appeared in the August 27 or of the U.S. to empower the PLO. The PLO cent of its primary nickel, and 15 percent Washington Star: is a puppet organization, hostile to Israel's existence, the servant of distant powers. In of its copper. All these minerals could be ob­ FORCING HI3TORY BACKWARD IN THE MIDEAST supporting the PLO black leaders discredit tained from the bottom of the ocean instead So selected black leaders are now negoti­ themselves, injure national unity and jeop­ of from foreign countries. ating with the Palestine Liberation Organi­ ardire the security Of all Otf us. Elliot Richardson, the U.S. delegate to the zation. This is one of the most outrageous From Martin Luther King, Jr. to Yassir Law of the Sea. Conference, has gone on acts of ethnic politics in recent American Arafat is off a precipice.e record as supporting interim legislation history. which would set standards for American It reeks with resentment and hostility, and participation in the mining of ocean it divides blaicks from other Americans. I minerals. have not yet heard of black leaders standing M. L. KING CENTER A RIP-OFF? Companies have been reluctant to mine up for the rights of the Ukrainians to self­ resources from the ocean floor because the determinartion, or of Latvians, Lithuanians, legal duties and obligations which govern Poles, Czechoslovaks and others. The 'blacks HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK such activity remain unclear. The companies have not spoken up for Irish Catholics in OF OHIO are afraid of risking the enormous invest­ Northern Ireland. It is not oppression every­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment it would require to undertake such a where that seems to move them. What is it, venture so long as their investment may be then? Friday, September 7, 1979 jeopardized by a lack of legislatively defined Jewish success in every walk of life mocks standards. the excuse of victimhood. More recently e Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, Martin Last year, the ocean mining legislation blacks were slaves, Jews were the victims of Luther King used the civil rights move­ which was pro~osed ran into problems be­ pogroms, limited civil rights and Nazi con­ ment as a mask to cove·r his anti-Ameri­ cause of time difficulties. centration camps. can and radical ways when he was alive. It enjoyed considerable supnort in Con­ I am not black, nor am I Jewish. But it is It wowa. come as no surprise to learn gress as well as with labor and industry offi­ impossible for me to believe Andrew Young cials. It passed easily in the House. However, and his colleagues are not following classic that his successors may be doing the it was set aside in the Senate because of lines in making Jews victims of their frus­ same thing. the supposedly overwhelming workload tration at Young's resignation from govern­ Many questions have been raised about which confronted Congress. ment. It has happened before. the operation of the King Center in At­ It was overlooked even though manganese There are three features about the PLO lanta, Ga. It obviously has been used to is an essential ingredient in the production that makes it absurd for the State Depart­ gain many Federal funds for its opera­ of all iron and steel products. The iron and ment, Andrew Young or the Southern Chris­ tion. The article which I am including steel industries are among the most impor­ tian Leadership Conference (pledged to non­ tant in this country. Their performance af­ violence) to force Israel to negotiate with with this speech contains many questions fects every facet of the American way of life. the PLO. which seem to be unanswered. The legislation was overlooked even though First, no state should be forced to negoti­ Many Americans could well ask if the copper plays an important role in the manu­ ate with a party sworn to annihilate it. Sur­ King Center is being used as a front for facturing of electrical motors, power genera­ vival is not subject to negotiation. a rip-off of the unsuspecting public. Who tors, transformers, plumbing, brakes, radia­ Second, the PLO is not a representative has the answers? Let us find out. tors, heaters and carburetors. body or even a shadow government. It has The article follows: The legislation was ovelooked even though no economic plan. It bas no cabinet ready to nickel is used in petroleum refining and in function. During World War II, Czechoslo­ KING CENTER QUESTIONS Go UNANSWERED the production of gas turbines, aircraft vakia had a government in exile. In 1948, Is­ (By Ken Englade) rael had plans for economic and political de­ frames, marine and automotive bodies, and ATLANTA.-Steven Klein was brisk, im­ ceramics. velopment. The PLO, by comparison, shows no signs of economic responsib111ty. It does patient, maybe a little harried. His tele­ And it was overlooked even though cobalt not even pretend to be ready to lead an inde­ phone voice had an unmistakable I-told­ is used to produce industrial magnets, tele­ pendent state. you so undertone. phones, gas turbines; and plays an important Third, the PLO does not collect tay the Senate and House of about his story. So, too, did Boyd Lewis, an Representatives of the United States of Atlanta radio newsman who did a similar America in Congress assembled, That (a) piece for his station and a longer story for HON. JAMES ABDNOR section 200 of the Clean Air Act is amended "All Things Considered," a show broadcast OF SOUTH DAKOTA by adding the following new subsection at on National Public Radio. the end thereof: What they found was a long list of un­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "(g) Notwithstanding any other proV'ision answered questions-questions not neces­ Friday, September 7, 1979 of this section, no regulation promulgated sarily meant to imply wrongdoing or ques­ under this section shall apply to any motor tionable dealings. • Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, it is com­ vehicle which the Administrator determines, Still, Coram wrote that center officials re­ mon knowledge that Federal overregula­ upon the application of any manufacturer fused to answer questions about a quarter tion is rampant throughout the land. A or other person, will be used predominantly of a million dollar annual payroll or divulge concrete example of the problem recent­ in an area in which the reduction of motor the number of center employees. ly was brought home to me, however, vehicle emissions is not necessary in order Center officials, he said, refused to explain and I mean that in a very literal sense. to attain and :maintain the national ambient why Mrs. King's honoraria for speeches are Just this summer an automobile air quality sta.nde.rds.". not reflected in the center's tax returns, al­ equipped with a catalytic converter ig­ (b) (1) Section 203(a) (3) of such Act is though she claims the money all goes to the amended by inserting the following after the facility. nited a fire on green grass on my own words "ultimate puTchaser" in each place Also, Coram said, so far as he could deter­ farm. Others had warned me of the haz­ they appear in subparagraphs (A) and (B) mine, none of the grants to the center from ard, and I had attempted to get EPA's thereof: "unless the Administrator has de­ the Health, Education and Welfare Depart­ attention to the problem. This incident termined, in such manner as may be pre­ ment have ever been audited. crystallized my belief that we no longer scribed by him by regulation, that the Additionally, he said, there is the question can afford this blatant example of mis­ vehicle or engine will be .used predominanitly of the money raised by the center-a total of placed regulation. in an area in which the reduction of motor almost $6 million in the past 10 years. vehicle emissions is not necessary in OTder "Where has it gone?" he asks. The increased potential for vehicles to attain and maintain the na.tional ambient Coram said reports show the center re­ equipped with catalytic converters to air quality standards". ceived a total of $101,000 in !ederal money start fires is beyond dispute, and the in­ (2) such section 203('a) (3) is further from the time it was created shortly after sensitivity of EPA and the National amended by inserting the following new King's assassination until 1976. Then, after Highway Traffic Safety Administration subparagraph at the end thereof: . President Carter assumed office, the !ederal to this problem is particularly disturbing "(C) for any person other than a person grants increased dramatically. referred to in subparagraph (A) OT (B), In 1977, Coram said, the center received because: First, the use of the catalytic knowingly to remove or render ino,perative $181,000-$80,000 more than the previous 10 converter is not required to meet am­ any device or element of design installed on years combined-and, in 1978, the center was bient air quality standards in rural or in a motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine given $237,500 in !ederal funds. Mrs. King areas; second, it reduces fuel efficiency in compliance with regulations under this Coram said, denied Carter's office has in­ at a time when we need to do everything title following its sale and delivery to the fluenced the grants. possible to conserve; and third, there is ultimate purchaser unless the Administrator Like Coram, Lewis' chie! interest in the has determined, in such manner as may be no penalty to an individual who removes prescribed by him by regulation, that the center is in its financial structure-a. situa­ a catalytic converter in areas where they tion he found as confusing as did Coram. vehicle or engine will be used predominantly Lewis is a strong believer in the civil rights rre needed to meet ambient air quality in an area in which ,the reduction o! motor movement. He has spent six yea.rs working standards. vehicle emissions is not necessary in order on black newspapers in Atlanta. And he cares The law should be changed according to attain and maintain the national ambient enough to try to get some answers to his to the following principles: air quality standards; or" nagging questions about the center. ( c) Section 205 of such Act is amended ( 1) In areas where air quality problems by inserting the following new sentence after Many of those questions were broached in require the use of such technology, a penalty the show he did for ATC in March. Ques­ the second sentence thereof: "Any person should be provided for anyone who inten­ who violates subparagraph (C) of section tions like: tionally thwarts its operation-although the Why won't the center give newsmen a. copy 203(a) (3) shall be subject to a civil penalty penalty should be less for an individual of not more than $1,000.". of its latest annual report? Lewis says center who does so to his own vehicle than for officials have repeatedly refused requests for (d) Section 211 (c) of such Act is amended someone who takes compensation. by adding the following new paragraph at the document. Coram also was unable to ob­ (2) EPA should be prohibited from impos­ tain a copy. Klein said the report, due in the end thereof : ing emission standards on vehicles in excess "(5) No fuel, class of fuels, or fuel addi­ January, has not yet been published. "We're of those required to meet ambient air qual­ a little late," he said. tive may be controlled or prohibited pur­ ity standards in the area in which they will suant to paragraph ( 1) where the Adminis­ Why did the center neglect !or 10 years be predominately operated. filing the necessary forms to qualify as a trator determines that-- non-profit organization? The forms are re­ (3) There should be no penalty for any­ .. (A) such fuel, class of fuels, or !uel quired under Georgia law, yet no one at the one who removes a catalytic converter or additive will be predominantly used in an center did anything about it until the late other technology from a vehicle which will area in whLch the reduction of motor vehicle Ben Fortson threatened an investigation at be predominately operated in an area which emissions is not necessary in order to attain the end of January 1979. does not require the use of such technology and maintain the national ambient alr quality standards, and What happened to the $87,000 in center to meet ambient air quality standards. The money shuttled to the Martin Luther King installation of such technology should be re­ "(B) the use o! such fuel, class of fuels, Fund for Peace, Non-violence and Brother­ quired, hov.-ever, if and when the vehicle's or \fuel additive will not impaLr to a signif­ predominant area of operation becomes one icant degree the performance of any emission hood in 1976-77? The fund, according to in which the use of such technology is re­ control device or system of the motor vehicle Lewis, is not described in any center litera­ quired to meet ambient air quality stand­ in which such fuel, class of !uels, or !uel ture. ards. additive will be used.". "There is no indication the funds are being improperly used," Lewis said, " ... but the (4) EPA should be prohibited from requir­ Mr. Speaker, according to the General purpose (of the fund) remains a mystery." ing the use of non-leaded gas in areas where it is not required to meet ambient air qual­ Accounting Office, 25 percent of all cars Lewis also wants to know where all the coming off assembly lines do not meet money collected on behalf of the center goes. ity standards, and no penalty should be as­ Looking at the center's operations, he said, sessed anyone who either purchases or sells Federal pollution standards. More than gives no hint. leaded gas in such areas-unless the pre­ 50 percent exceed the standards within The Community Center section of the fa­ dominant area of operation o! their vehicles a year, 1 and the failure rate rapidly in­ c111ty gets its $3.2 million in funds from is one in which the use o! unleaded fuel is creases thereafter. HUD through the city of Atlanta. required to meet ambient air quality stand­ These facts further highlight the The Day Care Center part o! the facil1ty ards. foolishness of applying these standards gets its money from a HEW grant. I have today introduced legislation to to vehicles which operate in rural areas. The house where the late Dr. King was accomplish these purposes. The text of Where the emission control standards born was purchased by a. black fraternity, re­ are required to achieve ambient air stored with HUD money a.nd donated to the the bill follows: center, which collects 50 cents a head from H.R.- quality standards, they should be made visitors touring the building. A bill to amend the Clean Air Act to make maximally effective; and my urban col­ The building housing the center's ad­ oertain modifications in provisions relating leagues ought to devote their attention ministrative offices, Lewis said, was restored to automobile emission control devices to this matter. with $47,000 in HUD money.e and fuel additives, and for other purposes Where the emission control standards September 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23759 are not required to meet ambient air Johnny's high school eduoation. Americans ACCEPTANCE SPEECH OF HOWARD quality standards, however, they are not today must be able to process all the infor­ E. VANDER CLUTE, COMMANDER mation presented them (printed, verbal or only an unnecessary expense and incon­ statistical) and communicate intelligible, IN CHIEF, VFW venience, they are also downright dan­ logical answers-skills which our schools os­ gerous. This is not the first instance of tensibly provide. Yet many American stu­ rural people having to bear the brunt dents graduate from high school virtually HON. JOHN P. HAMMERSCHMIDT of the sins of their urban cousins nor illiterate; often, they comprehend and write OF ARKANSAS will it be the last, but it is one example below an eighth grade level. How can these IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which can and should be corrected. young adults possibly be expected to func­ Friday, September 7, 1979 Again, Mr. Speaker, it is unwise, un­ tion competently in today's demanding and necessary, unfair, and unjustifiable to complex society? e Mr. HAMMERSCHMIDT. Mr. Speaker, require the use of catalytic converters in A minimum competency requirement is recently it was my privilege to attend the best solution for preventing a nation and address the 80th Annual Convention areas which meet national ambient air of people unable to communicate. A stand­ quality standards without them. The of the Veterans of Foreign Wars. During ardized test measuring specific skills could this convention officers were elected to fire hazard and the need to conserve be used to indicate those students not ca­ petroleum simply make it imperative pable of reasoning, communicating, or calcu­ lead the organization during the year that we abolish this example of overreg­ lating on an acceptable level. However, this ahead. Howard E. Vander Clute of Mont­ ulation.• level must be defined by realistically set, vale, N.J., was chosen as commander in uniformly administered criteria. Students chief and his acceptance speech repre­ should be able to read well enough to com­ sents the viewpoint and attitudes of an ESSAY CONTEST WINNERS prehend the daily newspapers or instruction important segment of Americans. I am manuals, directions, etc., written for a gen­ inserting his address in the RECORD so all eral audience, to reason well enough to find our colleagues may have access to its HON. JIM WRIGHT solutions to logical problems of moderate difficulty and draw accurate conclusions message. OF TEXAS from premises, and be able to handle simple The speech follows: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mathematical functions-not algebra or ACCEPTANCE SPEECH OF HOWARD VANDER CLUTE Friday, September 7, 1979 higher math, but certainly the basic opera­ My comrades, for years the people of Amer­ tions, such as addition, subtraction, per­ ica have said that time was on our side. e Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, the centages, fractions, etc., that are essential ili That, in time we could be prepared to meet winner of the 11th annual high school dealing with checks, salaries, payments, and the threats to our national security; that, in essay contest which I sponsor was Julie taxes-in short every facet of the economy. time we would have adequate programs to Ryan, a June graduate of Fort Worth However, designating those students in­ meet the needs of those who served their Country Day School and the daughter of capable of meeting the minimum verbal and counrty in time of war. When things did quantitative requirements standards is not not work as we wished, we said, "time heals Betty Ryan and the late William T. enough. The school system must initiate spe­ all wounds." And, somehow time seemed to Ryan, of 59 One Main Place in Fort cial programs designed to provide them with take care of us. Worth. the skills of basic math, reading comprehen­ Today we live in another age. And, time The three runners-up were Kathy sion, English grammar and composition, and has run out. Kay, of 3920 Wedgview, Hurst, a gradu­ elementary logic. These courses should not be Today, an intercontinental ballistic mis­ ate of L. D. Bell High School in Hurst, of the "elective" type, which students tend sile takes but minutes to reach its target. and the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Ken­ to regard lightly and view as a slack-off time Today, those who fought for their country dall K. Kay; Thomas Dewar, of 3129 or an easy way to complete a noisome gradu­ are treated as second-class citizens. Today, ation requirement. These programs should there is a bold, concerted effort to cut and Chapparral Lane, Fort Worth, a gradu­ be non-nonsense and comprehensive enough eliminate all veterans programs. ate of Paschal High School, Fort Worth, to provide the student all the information Today, we see an Administration laughing and the son of Mr. and Mrs. Norman De­ he will need. However, they should be de­ at the Congress and doing as they please, war; and David Smith, a graduate of signed to encourage the minimally moti­ slowly tightening the thumbscrews on what Diamond Hill-Jarvis High School, and vated student to pay attention and want to was once a viable medical care system. the son of Mr. and Mrs. James H. Smith. learn the material presented; they need not Today, we see an Administrator of Veterans be drudgery or "punishment." Affairs-who should be the champion of vet­ In addition to these awards, honorable erans needs, fighting for every program, ex­ mention went to the following: Steven The teachers must also cooperate if high school students are to become educated panding services-instead lhe is at the beck Sisney, 2305 Miriam Lane, Arlington, adults. Presently, teachers routinely pass and call of the President, applauding each Sam Houston High School; Lee Christie, students who do substandard work. In fact, cut and backing au negative legislation. 424 Eastwood Avenue, Fort Worth, Ar­ many teachers are hesitant, or fearful, to But, my comrades, today also offers us a lington Heights High School; Jarrell flunk students or require them to take reme­ rare and unusual opportunity. Wicker, 1068 Renee Drive, Hurst, L. D. dial courses. Teachers must help indicate We are at the crossroads-a place to choose Bell High School; Joe Claunch, 2117 these students, so they can be brought up to a new path for the future. A turning point a functioning level, not blithely pass them at which those who care for their country Woodside Drive, Arlington; Steven can determine if we are to remain strong and Picht, 3709 Kelvin Avenue, Fort Worth, on from one grade to the next, until finally they graduate unable to communicate and recognizes the sacrifies of those who served Southwest High School; Joey Holstead, or whether we shall lose all that we hav~ deal in even the simplest capacity in society. fought for. 305 Concord, Hurst, L. D. Bell High Special considerations should be made for School; and Eddie Stemple, 2408 Harri­ students physically unable to pass the test Today, the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the son Avenue, R. L. Paschal High School. (due to a physical or mental disability). United States must provide the leadership to clear a path for our great and beloved coun­ There was an unusually large number A high school diploma has become a pre­ try. This was the path chosen by our fore­ of exceptionally well-written essays this requisite for obtaining almost any job. Also, fathers and fought for by millions of Ameri­ year and I am sure that the judges had the laws requiring all children to attend cans. What has been preserved is too dear a difficult time coming to their decisions. school up to the eighth grade gives everyone to pass, forgotten by history. We cannot let Julie Ryan's essay, which deals with the a chance for an education that will enable a group of amateurs throw away our hard­ him to cope in the modern business/ com­ won rights and the security of our country. problem in some of our schools of allow­ munication-oriented world. However, allow­ ing functional illiterates to obtain high It is time for the people to speak, and that ing students to graduate without even mini­ they will! school diplomas was so good, in my mal verbal and mathematical abilities de­ opinion, that I think that it deserves a feats the whole concept of education; it is My comrades, our organization has always actually unfair to graduate! If minimum been honest with its membership. I will con­ larger audience. tinue that policy. You are aware that our For that reason, I am asking today competency tests were instituted, a greater percentage of American adults could have country and its veterans programs are in that it be reprinted in the CONGRES­ better communicative abilities, could avoid jeopardy. Today, I tell you that unless dras­ SIONAL RECORD . The essay follows: being misled by today's gimmicks and sub­ tic action is taken by us, we may see the final end of all that we have fought for. HIGH ScHOOL EDUCATION : TESTS FOR MINI­ versive organizations, and could be better MUM COMPETENCIES OR OTHER ALTERNATIVES? All of you know what the present Admin­ equipped, if not to find actual solutions to istration promised when it came to Washing­ (By Julie Ryan) the nation's problems, to at least compre­ ton. We said then it is the Congress to whom "Why can't Johnny read?" "Why can't hend their possible eventual alternatives and we must turn, for they raise armies and they Johnny write? "Maybe the reason is effects.e take care of those who have served. CXXV--1495-Part 18 23760 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1979 However, the Congress itsel! is changing. istration disclosed plans to close an addi­ what we stand for, the good we do, what we The swing of sentiment from veterans pro­ tional 13,000 acute beds and covert 3,000 have to offer. grams to social welfare has historically come other such beds to chronic care beds with­ To this end, I am dedicated to an ambi­ with peacetime and we have known how to in the next five to seven years. We under­ tious and effective public awareness program deal with this in the past. Today things are stand that the Office of Management and at all levels of our great organization. We happening far beyond a change in senti­ Budget plans ultimately to reduce the total must tell the veteran and the public what ment. number of VA beds to 35,000. When that must be done and what we are doing to ac­ A few short years ago, "Tiger" Teague took happens what can the Administration do but complish our goals. to the floor of the House of Representatives turn over the entire 172 VA Medical Centers We will initiate a public relations effort a bill with the words, "this is a good bill, it system, now unused because of bed closures, to reach local radio and TV stations and will takes care of veterans, it should pass." And, to the national health insurance or a welfare continue to reach local daily and weekly it did, overwhelmingly and without question. program? newspapers. We will assist you in any way we This is no longer the case. Every two years, We know from a recent article in U.S. can by instituting a plan to have a profes­ almost 100 Congressmen retire or lose their Medicine that the chief medical director of sional communicator travel ahead of my seat s, including many of our old friends. the VA was upset that the VA was not in­ visits with you to interest your local media These patriotic Americans are being re­ cluded in the Carter Administration's na­ in our efforts to tell the V.F.W. story. placed by younger men and women, many of tional health plan. Along with these plans, you at the Post whom are not veterans. Their staff members, We know that the 5,000 doctors and nurses level must show by deeds and words that assigned by members of Congress to do re­ already cut in the VA budget and the lack we care. Emphasize your community pro­ search and advise them on veterans legisla­ of money for outpatient treatment has and grams, your patriotic deeds and your concern tion are also younger and usually not veter­ will cause veterans who by law are au­ for the youth of this country. Get younger ans either. thorized treatment to be turned away. Some veterans to join by telling them what our Until recent months, it was unheard of die after being turned away, others are im­ V.F.W. is doing. Bring them into our pro­ for a member of the House or Senate Veter­ mediately admitted to a private hospital ob­ grams. ans' Affairs Committee to vote against legis­ viously needing care, and others are coun­ Encourage them to work into positions lation which would benefit a veteran. But, selled by social workers to accept welfare which will bring them leadership roles in it has happened now. Recently, 100 members treatment. The VA answers our charges by an organization dedicated to fighting for vet­ of the House, five of whom serve on the saying that the veteran, in their professional erans rights. Veterans' Affairs Committee, voted against judgment, did not need the care. Yet, heart The way to leave your stamp on this orga­ money for veterans legislation. Two addi­ by-pass patients receive form letters tell­ nization is to train the younger veteran in tional committees of the House spoke against ing them that they no longer qualify for our proven ways. Let's see an explosion of money for veterans programs, saying that if medical assistance. young leadership at all levels. the Administration would not spend it, why This must stop! Unless there is active participation we can­ vote it? As one of my first acts as your Com­ not be the advocate for veterans programs­ In the Senate, the Chairman of the Veter­ mander-in-Chief, I will call upon the Chair­ the role we have now assumed. Unless our ans' Affairs Committee sponsored a bill to man of the Senate and House Veterans' Af­ deeds are understood we will not be listened cut out three programs for veterans and ram­ to when we demand a strong national de­ rodded the bill through the entire Senate. fairs Committee to conduct an investigation into the VA's hospital and outpatient facility fense posture. You can see from what I have said that we My words on the defense and security pos­ are now having problems with the Congress admission policies. I will ask them to call a select group of hospital directors, chiefs of ture of our beloved country will be brief, of the United States and that it is time to blunt and to the point. take positive action. staff and chiefs of nursing service to testify concerning the admission policy and the ef­ For the 31 months of its existence, the It is with that thought in mind that I Carter Administration has presided over-and compliment you for your action to establish fect of budget and personnel cuts, and I will ask that they testify under oath. The has even taken credit for-the greatest dis­ a V.F .W. political action committee. mantling of American power- spiritual as This will give us the added clout which first question asked should be, "Did you receive any orders, by any means, which well as physical-in our nation's moderate only comes from the ability to influence history. elections by financial assistance. The V.F .W. required you to testify in any particular manner?" Perhaps you think this to be an extrava­ remains the vital, vibrant, moving force it gant charge. has always been, but now adds a new di­ The V.F.W. is fed up with this Administra­ tion's treatment of veterans and must do My comrades, listen-then you decide. mension to its influence. On January 21, 1977, President Carter You can be assured that much thought something about it! Now, this tampering with the VA programs promptly kept one campaign promise. He will be given to the make-up of the officers extended total amnesty to America's young and board of directors of the committee. It for veterans does not stop with the medical care. Personnel losses in the regional offices contemptibles-the draft dodgers. will remain under the control of the V.F.W. He killed the B-1 bomber, thereby causing and will be used to influence veterans and have caused delays and inaccuracies in the processing of claims and appeals even fo;r America's bombing pilots to fly an aging air­ national security legislation. craft- the B- 52-in some cases the planes We join a large group of special interest the simplist action. These facts have been brought to the at­ are older than the pilots flying them. No off­ organizations that have found the changing setting concession was even mentioned to the nature of the Congress needed a new ap­ tention of the House Veterans' Affairs Com­ mittee in an oversight hearing, and we ex­ Soviet Union. proach to keep favorable legislation or to Incredibly, the President, a former naval outweigh attempts by the Administration to pect that action will be taken to provide more money to hire more people. officer, is watching in frozen fascination as cut programs. the U.S. Navy-once our first line of de­ Let there be no doubt in your minds that We believe that these problems would never have come to pass if veterans had an fense-has, deteriorated to the point that we this Administration has become more bold, are second to the Soviet Navy. more thrusting, and also more success!ul in advocate as an Administ rator of Veterans attacking the entire wide range of veterans Affairs. One who stood up for veterans and Remember when the Administration told programs. told Carter and the Office of Management and us that the Canal Treaties- the cave-in to It has turned the older veteran against the Budget that veterans did something special Torrijos- wouldn't "cost the taxpayer a younger; the service connected disabled for their country and deserve something spe­ dime." Well, my last count of the cost totals against the non-service connected disabled; cial in return. One who could sense that the forty billion dimes or four billion dollars. the deserving, in their opinion, against the Congress was interested in the veteran and And even this dollar cost pales when set non-deserving veteran. his medical care. But, no, Mr. Cleland was beside the lost security brought on by this silent when the OMB spent extra money in­ self-inflicted retreat from one of the world's Their attack reaches into the very heart strategic choke points. of the VA medical system. And it must be tended for beds, doctors and nurses for stopped. other purposes. We h ave seen one staunch ally, the Repub­ It began with the now infamous conversa­ We veterans no longer have an advocate, lic of China, betrayed; another, the Shah of tion between President Carter and VA Ad­ and so, the job of advancing veterans legis­ Tran, overt urned and sent fleeing for his life. ministrator Max Cleland in the White lation falls upon our shoulders. This message In our own hemisphere, Nicaragua, once a House soon after this Administration came must be clearly understood by each of us solid ally, could well be our next Cuba. to power. The President ordered Cleland to in the Veterans of Foreign Wars and the But the Administration tells us, look e.t initially cut 5,000 beds from the hospital sys­ Ladies Auxiliary. our record on human rights. tem and "get rid" of the unworthy veteran The leadership rests with us. As far as I am concerned human rights from medical care-the unworthy being the As advocates we must become activists. We comes down to a pressure on, and embarrass­ non-service connected disabled. must tell our story. We must write, telegram ment for our partially freed friends. The com­ There is unified concern in the V.F.W. and call our representatives in the Congress munists, of course, ignore this campaign that t he Administration has a grand design when called upon. We must use the Ladies when they are not laughing at it. to dismantle the VA hospital system. Auxiliary to help us defend veterans prefer­ My comrades, the greatest set of human We know that about 10,000 beds have been ence, for the most vocal of our enemies are rights this, or any, American Administration eliminated from VA Medical Centers. We women's activist groups. We must tell our can provide us is to keep Amerca and her know that at a recent meeting, the Admin- story at the community level-tell people allies alive and free. September 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23761 Our civil defense program is a national dis­ attention of the House to the fact that The alleged abuses don't negate the case grace and an int ernational joke. It is non­ the dictators of the Soviet Union cannot fer the UDAG program, highly popular with existent. We stand naked before our enemies. be trusted. The latest demonstration of mayc. rs and developers for its quick, flexible The neutron warhead, designed to offset action to bridge urban investment gaps. The the massive Soviet tank threat to NATO this fact is the presence of Soviet combat program provides cities, for instance, with Europe, has been shelved. troops in Cuba. "front end" funding to attract a big private And, finally, this sad accounting must take Earlier this week, I had the opportu­ investor, to assemble land for a major down­ note of SALT II. A treaty which if ratified in nity to attend a press conference held for town or industrial park project, or to up­ the form approved by the President, will lock Louis FitzGibbon, author of "Katyn," grade a blighted area to retain a job-provid­ us into an irreversible posture of strategic which is the documentation of the mur­ ing plant. inferiority. der of more than 14,000 Polish officers by But the criticisms underscore the hard The President and his people urge us to the Soviet Army at Katyn Forest and trade-offs in designing a government pro­ accept something called "rough equivalence" gram. Smother the program with rules, regu­ with the Soviet Union. They want us-with elsewhere during 1940. Mr. FitzGibbon's lations and tight definitions and chances are more than twice the wealth and a hundred­ book is published by Noontide Press. you'll get an abuse-free-and probably quite fold the decency of the Soviet Union-to "Katyn" is a dramatic and precise ineffe::tive-program. Make it flexible, re­ settle for being equal. description of the murder of these Polish sponsive to real need and quick to act, and We all remember General McAuliffe's re­ officers by Soviet authorities. I highly the likelihood is it will produce admirable action in 1944 when the Germans demanded commend the book, "Katyn," to my results-along with occasional sloppiness his surrender at Bastogne. He said "Nuts" colleagues.• and abuse, and at worst 10ome old-fashioned then, and we say "Nuts" now to any de­ political pork barreling. featist nonsense that settles for a transitory If any program was ever worth some equality with the Soviet Union. danger of abuse, UDAG may qualify. The Our country, our home, America, has twice idea germinated during the Carter admin­ the dollar value of their extended slave WE HAVE TO ACCEPT RISKS TO istration's earliest urban policy debates when society and we must carry the necessary SA VE OUR CITIES it was decided the problems of the country's level of "home owner's" insurance. "distressed" older cities were predominantly I will proudly carry forth your security economic-lack of jobs, high tax rates, high mandate which charges our organization to HON. JOHN J. LaFALCE land costs and the like-and couldn't be "Regain and Sustain a Total American De­ OF NEW YORK solved by social service or income support fense Posture which ls Clearly Number 1." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES programs alone. Cities needed permanent And I say this without any ifs, ands, or jobs; they needed to invigorate their ecbno­ buts. Friday, September 7, 1979 mies and job bases. And it was clear, in tight We call upon the Administration and the •Mr. LAFALCE. Mr. Speaker, distressed budget times, that Washington neither could Congress to stand by our allies. cities throughout the United States are nor would pay the entire bill-that private We wlll fight for an infusion of all our business would have to provide most o! the economic classes and educational levels into coming to rely, more and more, on the capital. the active duty and reserve forces. urban development action grant pro­ 'lhe result was the first federal economic We see today the poor and nearly poor gram as one means of helping in their development program ever to require a firm in the palsied All Volunteer Force being economic development efforts. UDAG has "up front" private sector investment and called upon to defend all of us-rich and become, in its very short life, one of the Job commitment before the first dollar of poor alike. most successful programs ever devised federal money could flow to a project. And I say those upon whom this country has for stimulating massive amounts of pri­ of the 427 projects in 327 cities funded so far, showered its blessings can pay something vate investment in those communities HUD claims it has "leveraged" almost $6 in back to America. It wlll be good for the private commitment for each $1 of federal country; it wlll be better for these pampered where such investments are need€d th€ subsidy. freeloaders. most. Such stimulus, claims HUD Assistant Sec­ All members of this great organization As with any program of its size and retary Robert Embry, is required to help have answered the charge of Revolutionary scope, there will be some problems and "distressed" older cities become truly com­ war patriot Tom Paine who said, some questionable uses of the funds. Yet petitive and rebuild their job and tax bases. "Those who expect to reap the blessings the UDAG program has been remark­ With the $819 million it has committed un­ of liberty must, like men, undergo the fa­ ably free of scandal and it has demon­ der the UDAG program since it started in tigue of supporting it." strably helped a larg€ number of com­ 1977, Embry claims a private sector commit­ Some mindless critics wlll, predictably call munities in a number of ways. ment of over $5 billion involving 133,000 per­ us "war mongers." manent new jobs, 76,000 jobs retained that Nothing could be further from the truth. Neal Peirce, one of the most knowl­ cities otherwise would have lost, and 123,000 We neither conceived of, nor dissented ed~eable and thou ~ htful journalists construction jobs during the building o! from, the last four wars. We did our duty­ writing on urban affairs, recently did a projects. and we salute especially the more than one column on the UDAG program and the The GAO doubts whether the UDAG grants half million of our members who stood fast need to accept risks in order to stimulate have leveraged quite that much private sec­ in Vietnam when self-important people in investment, which warrants all of our at­ tor activity. But the development community this country, who should have known better, tention. I would like, therefore, to ask has few doubts. "Two years from now," says counselled dissent, disobedience, draft­ that this column, which appeared in the developer James Rouse, "the center of the dodging and desertion. Niagara Falls Gazette on August 26, be American city will have been more dramat­ But, just being for peace isn't enough. ically affected by UDAG than any other pro­ Peace must and will be safe-guarded and reprinted in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. gram, within such a short period of time, in under-girded with American power. I found it illuminating, and I think all of the country's history." My comrades, my charge to you to be "In our colleagues would as well. One of UDAG's strong suits has been its Front of the Rest" applies with special The article follows: lean staff--only 39 in Washington, plus part­ meaning to our beloved country in our UDAG Is WORTH SOME DANGER time assistance from HUD officials in the foreign policy. (By Neal R. Peirce) field. Even under political pressure, grants We intend to help those who fight for haven't been made without a strong assur­ American security and veterans' entitlements WASHINGTON .-Alleging actual or potential ance of private-sector commitment. Devel­ in the Congress and we will oppose and abuse in a handful of cases, critics have be­ opers and city officials praise the lack of bu­ expose those who don't. gun to nip at the heels of the urban develop­ reaucratic red tape and rapid turnaround on We in the V.F.W. are "In Front of the ment action grants (UDAG), the Carter ad­ applications-usually within 60 days of their Rest" and we're going to stay that way. ministration's premiere program to help dis­ receipt, some kind of a record in the federal Thank you.e tressed cities. Sufficient criticism could crip­ government. ple or kill the big $400 million a year experi­ Neighborhood groups, particularly National ment to revive cities' economies by stimulat­ People's Action, have bitterly criticized KATYN ing private investment. UDAG for preferring posh hotel projects Housing and Urban Development Secre­ (with allegedly low-paid jobs) to neighbor­ tary-designate Moon Landrieu has had ques­ hood projects. But the figures indicate a fair­ HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI tions to answer about his involvement, while ly even balance between downtown, commer­ OF ILLINOIS in private busine!:s, with the grants program. cial and neighborhood pro.Jects. And the General Accounting Office has Wlll many cities use UDAG grants for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sniffed out some apparent improprieties­ projects they'd push through anyway, simply Friday, September 7, 1979 specifically, a few cases in which UDAG substituting federal money for local govern­ grants, contrary to the program's proclaimed ment or private sector investment? Embry e Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, on standards, financed private development claims the danger isn't great: The process numerous occasions, I have directed the that probably would have occurred anyway. is rigorously competitive among cities, there's 23762 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1979 opportunity !or full citizen and press review, republic's "citizens"-was allowed to arrive public funds, some of it from fund-raising and federal fraud statutes apply to misrep­ with only a few luxurtes ;and a pre-set list by the republic itself. resentation in applications. of clothing. He could accept no gifts from The republic's alumni include at lea.st one Even UDAG's staunchest friends, however, the outside wodd without paying a. ta.x on Pulitzer Prize winner, several Academy confess that at lea.st the potential !or abuse them. He would be expected to work or go Award winners, and a slew of successful doc­ will remain in a program controlled by high­ to school at least 35 hours a week, for tors, lawyers, professors and businessmen. ranklng political appointees handing out, on which he would be paid a modest starting As for Bruce, the young magistrate-he's a. necessarily somewhat subject.tve basis, huge salary of 40 cents an hour, repuibllc cur­ left the republic, has a high school diploma. sums of money (the total may now be raised rency. He would 11 ve by an ironclad rule: and a steady job. to $675 annually) . "Nothing without labor." Bruce is the first to admit that he owes a Such a flexible action grant program clear­ If these had been ad·ult-imposed laws, great deal to William "Daddy" George and ly needs constant oversight from Congress Bruce wouldn't have listened. But these laws the spirit of the George Junior Republic. and vigilant local newspapers. But in energy­ were made by teenagers like himself and had As Bruce's father, so do I.e scarce and recession-prone times, it would been passed down through genera.tions of seem foolish in the extreme to scrap or "town meetings" in which adults had no hobble, for fear of abuse, the cities' most suc­ say. LOVE AND DEA TH IN NICARAGUA cessful economic development program of The effect on Bruce-as on all newly ar­ the '70s.e rived citizens-was both confusing and pro­ found. Now when he rebelled, it was against HON. MICKEY LELAND his own peers and against laws which he OF TEXAS A NATION RUN BY KIDS himself would have a voice in formulat­ ing. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Slowly, the light began to dawn. After a Friday, September 7, 1979 HON. GARY A. LEE period of adjustment, Bruce wrote his father OF NEW YORK that "things seem to be going better now. • Mr. LELAND. Mr. Speaker, I would IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES There's a position of magistrate open and like to insert in the RECORD an article I'm going to try for it. It'll be tough, be- from the Washington Post of August 9, Friday, September 7, 1979 . c•a.use it'll take me wbout two months to 1979, by Colman McCarthy, describing pass my bar exams." the effects of the ·recent Nicaraguan • Mr. LEE. Mr. Speaker, I would like to To understand what a.11 this meant to take this opportunity to call to the Bl"uce, you have to go back to the republic's struggle on two individual lives. attention of you and my distinguished founding and to a remarkable ma.n named The sufferings of the people in a na­ colleagues an article that appeared in William "Daddy" George, a jewelry box tion immersed in a violent struggle are the September 2, 1979, issue of Parade maker. In 1881, the old New York Tribune well known to us all. Yet all too easily we magazine about a unique and very spe­ initia.ted one of the first "fresh air funds" depersonalize them-nameless soldiers cial educational institution, the George for city kids, and George began taking un­ and obscure villages are dismissed as sta­ Junior Republic, in Freeville, N.Y. derprivileged boys for vacations to his farm tistics, facts remote from and unrelated in upstate New York. Under the superb guidance of its cur­ But George beoame disench:a.nted. Many to our lives. But for the families and rent director, Mr. Frank Speno, this of the kids, he felt, were coming only to friends of those whose lives are destroyed institution has done much to help many take advantage of the free food ,and dona.ted in such a struggle, it is all very personal. young people turn from delinquency to cLothing. And they were stealing from ea.ch The stories of these people, people like become productive members of society. other. Enoc Ortiz and Kay Stubbs de Ortiz, The article follows : One day George declared that henceforth bring a little closer to home the tragedies everything would have to be earned. You A NATION RUN BY Kms of any war. Their stories could be our could clear a field or help build a cabin, but (By Reynolds Dodson) that was the only way you were going to get stories, and, in a sense, they are. The 17-year-old magistrate of the world's shoes and clothes. As for the thievery, he I commend the fallowing article to the smallest republic banged his gavel and called the kids together and asked W'hat attention of my colleagues: ordered the courtroom to silence. The de­ they thought should be done with the of­ LOVE AND DEATH IN NICARAGUA fendant, a girl of 15, had been charged with fenders. The boys hu~dled for hours and (By Colman McCarthy) 1llegal use of tobacco--an offense against finally came up with a kind of crude police Between 10,000 and 20,000 Nicaraguans the republic's laws for designated smoking system and a set of punishments to flt the died in the struggle to end the violence of areas. offenses. "Since this is your second offense," said In 1895, the George Junior Republic was the Somoza regime. Few Americans knew the details of the revolution as it unfolded, and the black-robed magistrate, "I have no officially founded, with a constitution, by­ choice but to fine you $10. If you're caught laws, and a tripartite system of government fewer still were personally touched by the smoking in an undesignated area a.gain, individual tragedies of ea.ch Nicaraguan similar to that of the U.S. Through the death. you'll get another $10 fine plus a day in years many laws have 1been changed and jail." new ones added, but no law has ever been An exception is Kay Stubbs. Her story ls In the currency of the George Junior imposed against the citizens' will by a worth knowing because most of the qualities Republic in Freeville, N.Y.-a mini-nation "tyrannical" adult. currently said to be in dwindling supply­ run by teenagers for teenager&-$10 is the In governing this mini-nation, its citizens hopefulness, a spirit of sacrifice, commitment equivalent of 3Y2 days' pay. And although have had to deal with such weighty issues to ideals-are brimming in her. This fullness Jail does not mean physical imprisonment, as taxation, national budget, road and sewer is also a means of sharpening our focus on it does mean that the offender will be denied construction, consti tu tional amendments what has been happening these past years in privileges suoh as conversation with other and-more recently-narcotics smuggling Nicaragua and what better things may be citizens, the use of soft furniture, and stay­ and drug abuse. happening in the future. ing up to the regular bedtime of 9:30. A youth with a history of failure in school Kay Stubbs went to Nicaragua. in 1968. She Every day at 4 : 30, the court metes out may rebel at first and announce that he has was a high school student from Middletown, justice to offenders against the republic's no intention of going to classes. Imagine his Ohio, who traveled with her local Baptist society. It employs an attorney general, surprise when he learns that school is not a church group to work in health projects. She prosecutors, defense lawyers and police­ requirement at the George Junior Republic. found spiritual reward in getting to know the none of whom is over 19. A boy can work in the carpentry shop, in families and their culture. It wasn't the dab­ Life had not always held so much respon­ the garage, or on the 500-acre farm. A girl bling of the in-and-out do-gooder, because sibility for Bruce, the young magistrate. The may choose one of these activities, or dress­ every summer after, she returned. product of a broken home, he spent his ea..rly making, or helping in the kitchen. At home, she graduated from the Univer­ teens in rebellion Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, our Is it, however? Addabbo, for one, thinks it you the order of Dimt rov." • friend and colleague, Hon. JOSEPH P. An­ is not. He complains that the Pentagon asks DABBO, has served as an outstanding for more money than it needs and then puts Member of Congress for many years, rep­ the money aside "for a rainy day," at which NATIONAL VIETNAM-ERA VETER­ resenting the Seventh District of New time it spends it for unnecessary and exces­ ANS WEEK ACTIVITIES-FRESNO, York, which is contiguous to mine. sively expensive programs. At the same time, CALIF., MAY 28, 1979, TO JUNE 3, Addabbo says, the department completes Earlier this year he became chairman projects of "dubious military value" while 1979 of the powerful Subcommittee on De­ more conventional weapons are in short sup­ fense of the House Appropriations Com­ ply. As an example of wasteful spending, he HON. TONY COELHO mittee, where he has long served with cited the recent decision to spend $2 billion much distinction, bringing to that role for another nuclear carrier that will not be OF CALIFORNIA his expertise in and knowledge of our completed until the 1990s, when advanced IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES missiles will make it more vulnerable to defense policies. attack. Friday, September 7, 1979 Richard E. Cohen has written an Sen. Gary W. Hart, D-Colo., an Armed Serv­ e Mr. COELHO. Mr. Speaker, during article which appeared in the National ices Committee member, echoed Addabbo's the week of June 28 to June 3, this Na­ Journal of August 11, 1979, delineating thoughts when he told his panel that a larger tion paid tribute to the men and women JoE AnnABBo 's particular contributions to defense effort would not necessarily strength­ who served their country during the Vi­ the debate on SALT II. His clear and en national defense. "It is more difficult but precise statements on the needs of our more important to define what specific steps etnam conflict. we must take to secure our nation," Hart I am particularly proud of the fine national defense set a reasonable and said. Rather than a "more is better" or "less program sponsored by the community of temperate tone for the forthcoming de­ is better" approach to national defense, Hart Fresno, Calif., during that week and bate in the Senate. is calling for " better is better." Specifically, would like to share with you the high­ For the benefit of the Members of this he has advocated greater planning of mili­ lights of the week's events. House who might not have had an op­ tary strategy and weapons selection, com­ portunity to read the article, I am taking bined with use of innovative technologies At least one event was scheduled every and better management. day to keep the Vietnam veteran in the the liberty of having it inserted in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD at this point: From the Nunn perspective, managerial public eye. changes, while important, must be accom­ Monday, May 28 began with an ecu­ SPENDING MORE, DEFENDING LESS panied by budget increases. Defense spend­ menical worship service and a flag cere­ While practically all eyes have been on the ing, he is quick to point out, has been so mony at the Veterans' Administration Senate, Rep. Joseph P. Addabbo may have neglected that it now has its smallest share Hospital followed by a public speech by contributed the most important statement to of the federal budget since before the Korean a decorated ·disabled Vietnam veteran at the debate on the strategic arms limitation War. treaty and the future of the defense budget. Nunn may also be dealing with the wrong the Fresno Memorial Gardens. "It is my contention that dollars alone do person, however, when he seeks assurances On Tuesday a memorial service and not buy national defense," Addabbo told the of more military dollars. For one thing, no wreath presentation honoring Vietnam House on Aug. 2. "I do not believe we can President-let alone one in the third year veterans was held at California State afford to continue to be guided by simplistic, of a shaky four-year term-can guarantee University, Fresno. expensive and wasteful formulas .... It is budget outlays four or five years hence. And, On Wednesday a luncheon for 450 clear that we are spending more [on defense] as Carter aides have pointed out, Congress Vietnam veterans was held at the Vet­ and getting less for it, year by year ...." has regularly reduced his defense budgets. Although Addabbo won't vote when the This year, for example, Addabbo's subcom­ erans' Administration Hospital followed Senate considers SALT II this fall, he will mittee sliced $2 billion from Carter's request by a "veterans helping veterans" work­ have more long-term influence on the na­ of nearly $130 billion, which Nunn and oth­ shop. The event was coordinated by the tion's defen.se posture than will most of the ers earlier had attacked for not meeting Car­ American Legion and hospital person­ 100 Senators. A House Member from New ter's commitment to other Western heads nel. York City, he became chairman this year of of state to add 3 per cent in real terms for On Thursday, May 31, a reception was the Appropriations Subcommittee on De­ defense. held at the Veterans' Administration fense. His views make the current Senate In the meantime, the Foreign Relations Hospital to honor Vietnam veteran hos­ skirmishing on SALT look like a semantic Committee's thorough handling of the treaty exercise in which the participants appear has bolstered the hopes of treaty supporters pital employees. This was followed by a concerned primarily with scoring debating that the Senate debate and vot e will not be panel discussion on ways of improving points and asserting their role in defense as difficult as they had feared a few weeks hospital services and issues of major policy formulation. ago. concern to the Vietnam veteran. As the Senate Foreign Relations and Armed If their hopes are realized, the committee Friday, June 1, five Playboy bunnies, Services Committees' hearings on SALT pro­ leaders and staff deserve considerable credit accompanied by chaperone and photog­ gressed, attention focused less on the tech­ for the way they structured the debate so rapher spent the day with hospitalized nical terms of the treaty-for which support that all points of view were heard and legit­ veterans at the Fresno VA Hospital. seems to be growing-than on the amount imate concerns were met. Sens. Frank the Pentagon will spend on weapons in the Church, D-Idaho, and Jacob K . Javits, R-­ After meeting with hospital officials and next few years. Sen. Sam Nunn, D-Ga., sup­ N.Y., the panel's chairman and ranking mi­ news media, they visited with every vet­ ported by Sens. Henry M. Jackson, D-Wash., nority member, announced before the August eran patient and lunched with 10 se­ and John Tower, R-Texas, wrote President recess that they will propose two understand­ lected Vietnam veteran patients. Carter on Aug. 2 that a 4 to 5 per cent in­ ings and two reservations to the treaty that Saturday, June 2, a job-search work- crease beyond inflation in the defense budget they said would clarify its meaning and "re- 23766 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1979 move certain doubts that have been ex­ Mr. Speaker, Tibor Baranski is a de­ life, it is as if you had saved the entire pressed about what it is we are agreeing to­ vout Christian of the Catholic faith who world." and not agreeing to"-if the treaty is ratified. risked his life many times for thousands Mr. Baranski was thrilled to actually meet The proposed underst andings are intended again several hundred Jews whom he remem­ to reinforce promises that the Administra­ of Jews during World War II. At this bered, despite the years' toll, both at the tion already has made to the Senate; the time, I would like to enter into the CON­ ceremony and after a Hungarian newspaper reservations spell out commitments by the GRESSIONAL RECORD an article from the announced the ceremonial which honored Soviet Union to U.S. negotiators. Church Western New York Catholic Visitor him. He is the third Hungarian to have re­ and Javits said their proposals "reflect an which tells the complete story of this ceived the Righteous Gentile award. emerging consensus" among committee mem­ great Hungarian Freedom Fighter. He is also one of the very few who was bers. privileged to plant a tree in the gardens of Of course, Church and Javits have been in TIBOR BARANSKI, THE "RIGHTEOUS GENTILE"­ the Yad Vashem building, with a plaque no position to head off the debate about the HUNGARIAN CATHOLIC GIVEN HIGHEST HON­ bearing his name for future generations to size of the defense budget. President Carter ORS IN ISRAEL recall, as "one of the just people of the will have to meet t hat test and convince (By Kay Lyons) world." Only Gentiles are so honored by Yad doubt ers that he understands the treaty's Tibor Baranski, a teacher who lives in Vashem, a commemorative organization. significance for U.S. military capabilities. Snyder with his family, is probably best CITATION Both Carter and the Senate should thank known locally as a member of the 37 Cap­ He was also given a citation, written in Addabbo for injecting a note of reason into tive Nations Committee, a former Hungarian the treaty debate, a step that may make Hebrew on one side and in French on the Freedom Fighter, who suffered untold atroc­ other, which tells of his magnificent fight SALT II a useful exercise in national defense ities himself as a captured prisoner of the as well as diplomacy.e for the Jews during World War II, saving Communists, who managed to escape to the them from the death ovens and other abom­ United States. inable crimes of persecution. He is a man of old-world charm who bows TIBOR BARANSKI RECEIVES Y AD One of those people turned out to be the to kiss a lady's hand-yet there is a certain principal of the school where Tibor's daugh­ VASHEM "RIGHTEOUS GENTILE" air of militancy about him, and he could ter's music teacher's husband formerly AWARD very correctly be called "a militant zealous taught in Israel. Another, at the ceremony, Christian of t he Catholic faith for which who had forgotten the name of Baranski but he'd willingly die if necessary." This descrip­ who recognized him, was almost speechless HON. JACK F. KEMP tion he does not deny. with joy when he ran up to grip the hon­ OF NEW YORK STRAIGHTFORWARD oree's hand and said. "I'm one of those you IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He minces no words, whether he is paying saved!" Mr. Baranski slept in the home of a a glowing compliment, or blasting out verb­ family whom he had saved, who now lives in Friday, September 7, 1979 ally against the Nazis and Communists for Haifa-there were others. • Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, only 3 years all that he saw and experienced from their In 34 years people do change-people do hands. not al ways remember the kindness shown ago the United States was celebrating them, even for a day-but what Baranski did its Bicentennial, commemorating the He was recently honored in Israel as "a hero," even though he insists he simply did was no small "kindness." He saved several dissolution of our ties with an empire what had to be done. thousand lives of people who did not share that did not respect the freedoms and He tells of a Nazi who once asked him, his religious faith or beliefs, who were aspirations of the people of the Ameri­ "Why do you, a Christian, protect and de­ "nothing" special to him personally except can colonies. While this struggle is his­ fend the Jews?" In his typical candidness, that they were human beings created by God tory to our Nation, the striving for free­ he replied, " You are either silly or an idiot­ who deserved the right to live. doms in which we have such pride still for it is because I am a Christian that I He was a young man of 22 when the Nazis help tihe J·ews." invaded his homeland. He had been brought continues today. Thus, it is proper that up by a deeply religious aunt. He was then we reward the efforts of a great Hungar­ With extensive knowledge of Scripture and more than a smattering of Catholic and is now a man of unusually deep convic­ ian Freedom Fighter, Tibor Baranski. theology, he quotes the very simple and well tion and principles. Even today he says, "I Tibor Baranski, a teacher who lives known words of Jesus Who said, "Love thy will never give up my Christian principles in western New York, suffered untold neighbor as thyself." and convictions," and sometimes he pays a atrocities himself as a captured prisoner "If we believe and practice the teachings hea. vy price. He is brutally truthful. As a of the Communists. He was recently of Christ," he said, "then we must recognize teacher, he refuses "to twist the minds of all of mankind as 'our neighbor,' be they children with false, liberal, barbaric teach­ honored in Israel when he was presented ing." He calls himself a "progressive con­ with the Righteous Gentile Award. This Gentile or Jew . . .." But there is an excep­ tion to his love for neighbor, also based on servative" Catholic-Christian. is the highest award given to non-Jews the teachings of Christ Who said to hate that He is something of an expert on European by the Yad Vashem, which commem­ which is evil, and there is little love in Tibor history and speaks five languages. Although orates the Holocaust. My wife Joanne Baranski's heart for the Nazis or Commu­ he is not exactly shy in citing his own capa­ and I had the privilege of visiting the nists whom he calls "those devils . . . the bilities, there is a note of humility about Yad Vashem during our recent trip to advocates of Satan." him when he says of his work with the Jewish Protection Movement, an arm of the Israel, and came away with an even "I tell you," he says to anyone who will Church, of which he became executive secre­ greater appreciation of the courage of list en, "anyone who lives by the rule of com­ tary. "I only did what God demanded of me. those who defied Nazi genocide. munism becomes no more than a wild ani­ I was really acting in accordance with the Tibor Baranski received this award, mal, a beast!" He says this with good reason. Orders of Pope Pius XII whom the Nazis because of his unselfish efforts to free In early January, as a result of several allowed to house 12,000 "baptized" Jews in years' effort on the part of a Jewish lady 42 houses. But those dogs didn't keep their 3,000 to 6,000 Jews from Nazi death or chemist in California, Mrs. Hedwig Szekeres, persecution during World War II. In word to the Pope-they changed, with no Baranski went to Israel to receive the "Right­ warning, to 3,000 Jews in 12 Vatican houses." 1939, Germany invaded his homeland, eous Gentile" award from Yad Vashem at Hungary, and began the enslavement of the Holocaust Memorial Center in Jerusalem. DEATH CAMPS Jews in concentration camps across Eu­ It is Yad Vashem's highest honor to non­ Until March, 1944, Hungary was an "inde­ rope. Tibor immediately began to work in Jews and only 500 have received the award. pendent" ally of Nazi Germany, with legal INVESTIGATION opposition parties and relative freedom for accordance with the orders of Pope Pius the Jews. "A puppet government" was in­ XII whom the Nazis allowed to house It is not an award easily gained. Mrs. stalled, Baranski recalls. Anti-Jewish legisla­ 12,000 baptized Jews. His efforts included Szekeres and eight members of her family tion was enacted, the yellow star was intro­ obtaining baptismal certificates for the are among the 3,000 to 6,000 Jews Tibor duced, and the collection of Jews for the Jews and protecting them from the Baranski helped to escape Nazi death or per­ death camps began. Nazis. He also assisted his aunt in ob­ secution during World War II. In 1975 she In October, 1944, when Mr. Baranski was submitted his name to the committee for studying theology in a Hungarian college, the taining false documents for the Jews Yad Vash em. There followed a long and thor­ and hiding them in secure underground Russian army crossed into Hungary. He re­ ough investigation as to whether this man turned home to B"qdapest to find that his locations. really did what Mrs. Szekeres said he did. Last aunt was very active in the underground In 1944, Tibor was made the leader, Christmas week he received a cablegram from movement which helped obtain false docu­ the executive secretary, of the Jewish Jerusalem announcing he had been selected ments and found hiding places for the Jews. Protective Movement. There were many for the honor. She had "adopted" and housed the Szekeres' times that he risked his own life in this The pure s1lver medallion, on a bed of infant son while his parents were in hiding. position to save others. He says that if velvet in a square box made of olive wood, His aunt asked Tibor to help the Szekeres the Nazis had known what he was do­ on which appears the holy symbol of Jews family who faced death. and all of Israel, the Menorah, has on it He sought help at the office of Bishop An­ ing, "I would have, within 10 seconds, a hands reaching out to the world. The sym­ gelo Rotta, t he Papal Nuncio, Vatican diplo­ bullet in my head." bolism literally means, "If you saved only one matic representative, in Budapest. This ls September 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23767 typical of Tibor Baranski-he goes to the top in hiding might eat. Had the Nazis known by the Department of Health, Education, to get something done. what he was really doing with the under­ and Welfare for the reauthorization of There were many Jewish-Gentile intermar­ ground, "I would have, within 10 seconds, a riages which brought about some definitely bullet in my head," he says. the Higher Education Act. This draft real Jewish conversions to Catholicism-an On one occasion a drunkened Nazi waved proposal was the subject of five hearings estimated 35,000 "baptized" Jews in Hungary a loaded pistol at him for several minutes. held by the Subcommittee on Postsec­ in 1938. But some later admitted that their He was captured by Gestapo officers at the ondary Education which I chair. "conversion" was for safety's sake, a real Austria-Hungary border. He was held by a I commend this bill to the attention of matter of life and death. The Pope was intent Nazi in a Budapest basement. He escaped all my colleagues.• on saving the lives of all who could be saved three times. "God gives very special help to from the doom of the Nazis. Who is to judge those who help others," he insists. He con­ the "convenient" baptisms except God Him­ siders physical life as "nothing" in compari­ PROPOSES WORKING AT HOME TO self? son with eternal life with God, the only SAVE ENERGY Baranski obtained baptismal certificates reason for physical life being worthwhile. for three members of the Szekeres family On Dec. 30, 1944, he was captured again alone from Bishop Rotta, in charge of the when the Russian army took Budapest, and HON. LES AuCOIN 12 "Vatican houses" in Budapest. Baranski he was assumed to be a Hungarian supporter filled out protection letters for all nine mem­ of the Nazis. He was forced to march 60 miles OF OREGON bers of that one family, went to their homes during the next 16 days, with Russia the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and brought them to one of the protected destination. He and the other 2,000 marchers Friday, September 7, 1979 buildings. had four meals in those 16 days-many die::!. Impressed with Baranski's fluent German, on the march; Baranski almost died. He was • Mr. AuCOIN. Mr. Speaker, I want to the papal nuncio asked him a few days later be3.ten unmercifully by a Russian officer insert into the RECORD today an article to shepherd about 40 "baptized" Jews out of when he fell, unconscious. He credits his life from Sunday's Washington Post that a factory where hundreds were kept before that time to the sympathetic intercession of explores the idea of allowing certain em­ they were marched to death camps in Ger­ a Russian soldier. ployees to work at home. many. He was asked to go the next morning, BAG OF BONES but Baranski insisted upon going imme­ The author, Frank W. Schiff, argues diately. He was offered a small car, but h& He was left behind in a Hungarian hospital, the case for this idea on grounds it will refused, insisting on a Rolls Royce. "a bag of bo.nes, looking exactly like a Jew in save thousands of barrels of gasoline, Auschwitz" he says. After a long, slow re­ "Primitive people" lessen traffic congestion and help curb covery in the spring of 1945, he returned to air pollution. "I told the bishop, 'The Nazis are primi­ Budapest to learn that the Jews in the pro­ tive people. A little shoehorn car would not tected buildings had been moved by the I would like to concur with those rea­ show any representation of power-they'd Nazis to their own ghetto. sons, and go Mr. Schiff one better. His be impressed by a Rolls Royce.' " The bishop Nothing could keep this zealot, Tibor Bar­ idea also can be expected to increase realized that Baranski thoroughly under­ anski, from his intense fight for what he be­ American productivity. stood the Nazi psychology. lieve::!. to be right. He again became involved Arresting our declining productivity is He drove the big impressive limousine in underground anti-Communist activities. a major concern of mine. Our success in right up to the gate of the factory in the But he paid a heavy price-57 months in halting this decline will determine how very neighborhood where he had once lived Hungarian prisons, with release coming in well we contain and reduce inflation in and bluffed his way completely past the 1953 following Stalin's death. guards with his most aggressive demeanor. Mr. Baranski, once stated that, because of years ahead, and on a larger scale how The guards offered to escort him but he as­ the physical torture he endured, "It is only we evolve as a world economic power. sured them he knew his way around. When a miracle of God that I became a father." Declining productivity in America is they asked, "How?" he curtly answered, He joined the freedom fighters during the ironic because our reputation and great­ "That's none of your business." Hungarian Revolution in 1956 when he went ness has been built on an unparalleled He found the Jews he was looking for, took to Rome to get Vatican support for the free­ ingenuity and resourcefulness. If some­ them to a small house on the grounds where dom fighters and organized a school there for thing could be achieved, Americans could they were watched overnight by two guards Hungarian refugees. The following year he achieve i t--even if no one else in the "who had the swastika on their lapel but moved to Toronto. In 1961 he came to Buffalo world could. We seem to have lost that not in their hearts," he says, the next morn­ with his family, each one of whom is a story ing they were taken by streetcar to one of within themselves. feeling, and with it our self-confidence- the protected buildings. Katalin, his wife, saw her own well-to-do and our international edge. · The Jews in the factory for whom there family stripped of everything by Communists We are a long way from foundering, were · no protection papers that day were in Hungary, and her dreams of becoming a but we are not so far ahead that we can not forgotten. While he occupied the atten­ doctor shattered. She is a Research Chemist afford to ignore any idea with merit. tion of the Nazi guards (and Baranski does, who speaks three languages as does "Kathy," Mr. Schiff's considered article is more indeed, have the gift of a glib tongue!), his Jr., who is a statuesque beauty, a junior in than thought-provoking, in my view. I aides helped those left behind to escape Amherst Senior High School. Their son, Peter, am convinced it can work and at once through the underground. is a doctor serving with the U.S. Navy in Cali­ It was a few days later when he was made fornia, and Tibor, Jr., speaks fi.ve languages. strike a blow for energy conservation the leader, the executive secretary, of the He is a Junior on a full scholarship at Prince­ and productivity acceleration-not to Jewish Protective Movement. His first as­ ton University where he majors in oriental mention the tonic it would provide in signment as such was to go to the Austria­ languages and has lived in Taiwan and Japan other social areas. For example, reduced Hungary border and bring back "baptized" to better familiarize himself with those lan­ commuting times or decentralized busi­ Jews who were part of the infamous death guages, customs and cul tu re. He is a young ness locations will open new vistas for march to Germany. The 3,000 allotted spaces man filled with hope and wonderful dreams rural areas that have dried up from in the protected apartments were filled for the future. large migrations to big cities and their within three or four days. After that, Baran­ FREE WILL suburbs. Within cities, new strategies ski supervised the 12 buildings, finding food Tibor, Sr., has taught his children that God can be employed for "setting up a busi­ and medical supplies, taking ill ones to hos­ gives one a free will with which they can pitals, keeping the Nazis away. either make beautiful carvings-or kill. ness"-strategies that will affect land He is probably the only Catholic in Western usage, transportation patterns, neigh­ Disgruntled Nazis borhood development. Of course, the Nazis violated their agree­ New York to have received the highest award ment with the pope at least eight times, from the Israelis. Sometimes people do re­ What perhaps is most encouraging member the good that was done to them by about Mr. Schiff's suggestion is that it taking Jews from the protected buildings. another.e Each time this happened. Tibor went to the is not so futuristic that it cannot begin Nazi district headquarters where the appre­ almost at once. The technology-home hended Jews were held and obtained their EDUCATION AMENDMENTS OF 1979 computer terminals, inexpensive calcula­ release fTGm disgruntled Nazis. tors, portable reference files on micro­ "Not a single Jew under my protection fiche and the world's most sophisticated died at the hands of the Nazis," he declares. HON. WILLIAM D. FORD communications-is on hand today to He does not boast; he simply states a fact. OF MICHIGAN allow workers to work productively at He might have known 30 of 3,000-"I saved them for God, not for personal reasons," he IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES home without distractions, getting more accomplished in less time. says. His efforts meant less than five hours Friday, September 7, 1979 sleep a night, sometimes only a half hour Mr. Schiff's idea will be one of many nap, and many days with nothing to eat. • Mr. FORD of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, ideas I hope to consider this fall as I He got no pay for what he did. He inflated today I introduced, at the request of the chair an ad hoc Industrial Innovation !ood orders for the apartments so that Jews administration, the legislation submitted Task Force. The first session is next 23768 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1979 Tuesday and will feature Jordan Baruch, dependent on professional, technical and that can be directly connected with omces Assistant Secretary of Commerce for clerical skills. and other homes. Even more far-reaching have been the These technological advances do not by Science and Technology. changes in the nature of the "machinery." themselves provide sufficient proof that The purpose of the task force is to Some of the most dramatic have emerged much more work can be done at home. explore meaningful ways to stimulate within the past decade through the rapid Skeptics offer at least three lines of argu­ industrial innovation, thereby making advances in computerization and electronic ment to show that such a change in work­ American companies and workers more chip technology. ing patterns would not be practical. productive so we can continue to enjoy REVOLUTION IN REVERSE The first, most obvious objection usually the 1ruits of our labors through a quality Future historians may well view this period is : If people work at home, how can one lifestyle. The task force will help to as an Industrial Revolution in reverse, since tell how well they are doing or whether they bridge the gap between committees hav­ it is providing the working tools that make it are working at all? ing jurisdiction over the components of possible to move a growing number of em­ The answer is that, in judging the per­ ployees out of centralized workplaces into formance of an employe working in an office a strong innovation program. or other central workplace, personnel man­ In this small way, I hope Govern­ new types of "cottage" industries. Consider just a few of the changes that make work at agement experts generally reject the notion men t--so often the bogeyman that stifles home far more feasible than just a few years that conclusions should be based on a productivity-can play a constructive ago: workers' input, as measured by hours spent role in pointing to productive avenues Some of today's hand-he!d "programmable" at the place of work. Instead, they hold that to pursue, both in the private sector and scientific calculations can be used to carry performance should be judged by output and in public policy. out complex calculations that less than a it s relation to the firm's objectives. For many But in the end the real salvation of decade earlier could only be handled by the employes, these criteria. can be applied just largest computers available. Even the less as readily when the work i:; done at home. our people will be our own best weapon­ A second argument is that work at home our creativity and good sense. Of that, advanced hand-held calculators perform functions that not long ago required bulky would cut off employes from needed con­ Mr. Schiff has shown he has much, and office machines or evfm computers. tacts with their co-workers and others. he has greatly encouraged me that there Through computer terminals, persons Clearly, such contacts are often highly im­ are solutions if we just look hard enough. working at home can gain access to the latest portant for effective performance and for His article follows: computer facilities as well as to vast quanti­ employe morale. . ties of stored data. Such terminals are avail­ But this argument, too, is not a.s convinc­ WORKING AT HOME CAN SAVE GASOLINE ing as might appear at first sight. Much of (By Frank W. Schiff) able in portable form and can be readily used in homes if they are connected to a today's communication among employes Millions of Americans commute to work telephone. takes place over the telephone, even for peo­ five days a week, primarily by car or bus, In the field of economics, for example, a ple working in the same building. Moreover, in a massive population movement which consulting firm called Data Resources Inc., these proposals call for work at home only accounts for much of the country's gaso­ provides it subscribers with access to a po­ part of each week, leaving ample opportu­ line ·consumption, traffic congestion and air tential total of about 5 million economic and nity for face-to-face contacts with other pollution, and which is a major source of related series. The terminals can also be used employes. mental and physical stress. to produce econometric and other statistical Finally, it is argued that working at home There are many possible ways to ameliorate analyses with respect to these data, trans­ will simply prove impractical: too many dis­ these problems, but, surprisingly, virtually form the results into graphs and build vari­ tractions and the lack of a quiet place in no attention has been paid to the contribu­ ous economic models. which to work. tion which could be made by working at Portable machines now are widely used to In many cases, the opposite is likely to be home one or two days a week. record dictation previously taken down in true. Many working in offices often find themselves unable to finish planned work While only a minority of workers would shorthand by secretaries in an office. It is also be able to use this option, their impact on possible for persons working at home to use because of interruptions by co-workers or reducing gasoline use and alleviating other unnecessary internal meetings. And there the telephone to dictate directly into ma­ are many instances of employes working on conditions related to commuting could be chines located in their offices and to listen to quite pronounced. Moreover, the size of such playbacks of relevant passages. tight deadlines finding that the only way to get the job done in time is to work at home a group could increase rapidly and sub­ The contents of large files and entire libra­ stantially in the next few years. because this involves far less distraction and ries can be reduced to v~ry small proportions interruption. I! 10 percent of those who commute to and encoded on 4-by-6-inch microfiche film work each weekday were to start working Working at home should be an entirely sheets, which can then be carried home and voluntary option, to be used only where it is at home two days each week, this would re­ used to display the desired pages on portable duce the volume of such travel by 4 percent. convenient and desirable for the individual viewing machines. A microfiche stack a.n worker as well as for the firm. This is not a large number in the absolute, inch high can incorporate the contents of as but significant when compared to the 3 to 5 many as 20,000 pages of printed material. Even so, any such change is likely to en­ percent overall shortfall in petroleum avail­ counter considerable resistance within many ab111ty which brought on the recent gasoline PAPERLESS OFFICE companies and unions, if only because es­ lines. With such technological advances, working tablished patterns are inherently difficult to Although the idea that most work must part of the time at home is feasible for engi­ change. If the working at home alternative be done away from home is deeply ingrained, neers, computer programmers, physical and is to make any headway, therefore, it is im­ it has not always been regarded as the norm. social scientists, medical researchers, law­ portant that its advantages for individuals, Even manufacturing work was typically car­ yers, accountants, insurance company em­ firms and the public generally be fully under­ ried out at home in the "cottage industry" ployes and salespeople. This list, moreover, stood. system before the Industrial Revolution con­ is not exhaustive. SAVINGS IN WORKING TIME centrated work in factories and introduced A firm called Micronet Inc. recently opened The most obvious advantage for workers the rigid disciplines of the factory process­ a "paperless office" in Washington, which is the time gained by not commuting every disciplines that were widely applied to office demonstrates how existing technologies can day. Potential reductions in work time are workers as well. be employed to carry out virtually all office currently a major issue in labor-manage­ The rationale for the change in work loca­ t asks with completely automated equip­ ment negotiations; the reduction in work­ tion was clear at the time. The new ma­ ment--equipment that generally can also be related time proposed here is one way by chines required the concentration of workers used at home. which workers can gain added time without in the places where they were located. Nor are the opportunities for changes in imposing extra costs on management. But while the identification of work with a work location confined to professional and The total time saved can be quite sub­ place away from home continues for most clerical work. In factories and laboratories, stantial : An employe who drives an hour to workers, many of the underlying conditions many tasks now are carried out through re­ work would save 16 hours in commuting time which brought about the shift from cottage mote control devices, and it is possible to each month, or the equivalent of two 8-hour industries to central workplaces no longer operate some of these devices from more workdays, by working at home two days a hold true. distant locations. week. In addition, he would save the money For one thing, there have been extraor­ In the next decade or so, moreover, the he would otherwise have had to spend on dinary changes in the nature o·f jobs. While sophistication of machines available at home gasoline, parking fees and outside lunches. manufacturing has remained at one quarter is likely to increase tremendously, a trend Doing more work at home could improve of total employment over the last 50 years, that is already foreshadowed by the begin­ the quality of life for many-though by no the share of service industries has risen from ning emergence of a market for home com­ means all-individuals and families. There 40 to over 60 percent. And, according to a p uters. A growing number o! homes ls likely could be a better division between work and recent study, more than 50 percent of all U.S. to become equipped with machines that com­ leisure during the day. Married couples could jobs are now centered in information-related bine the functions of television sets, video­ spend more time with each other and their activities. Our economy has become far less phones, computer terminals, electronic files children and still get as much work done dependent . on muscle power and far more and word and data processing systems a.nd as before. The task of taking care of young- September 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23769 sters, older people and pets woµld be con­ been consolidated to make them more knowing that it was only her husband siderably facilitated. And many more people cost and program effective. Of particular who was executed. Her suffering was might be able to engage in paid productive interest to me is the change to the re­ great and heightened during her last work who are now precluded because of the striction in the State student incentive years because of her financial plight. commuting requirement. While passage of H.R. 2326 can no longer Business firms, too, can be expected to program