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Les Espèces Ouest-Africaines Du Genre Lycophidion (Serpentes, Colubridae)

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Les Espèces Ouest-Africaines Du Genre Lycophidion (Serpentes, Colubridae) LES ESPÈCES OUEST-AFRICAINES DU GENRE LYCOPHIDION (SERPENTES, COLUBRIDAE) par J. GUIBÉ (Professeur) et R. ROUX-ESTÈVE (Assistante) Laboratoire de Zoologie (Reptiles et Poissons), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris Avec cinq figures dans le texte et deux planches Il règne une certaine confusion dans la systématique des serpents afri• cains du genre Lycophidion et, malgré les tentatives de divers auteurs, l'identification des espèces s'avère souvent difficile et aléatoire; tel est le cas des formes de l'ouest-africain où il semble que certaines espèces ou sous-espèces aient été méconnues. Nous entendons par ouest-africain la région au nord du golfe de Guinée, limitée à l'Est par les hauteurs du Nord Cameroun jusqu'aux environs du lac Tchad. D'après les travaux récents, le genre Lycophidion est représenté dans cette région par les espèces suivantes: L. irroratum (Leach), L. semicinctum D. & B., L. laterale Hallowell, auxquels Leston & Hughes (1968), Hughes & Barry (1969) et Leston (1970) ajoutent L. nigromaculatum (Peters), jusqu'alors considéré comme synonyme de L. irroratum; enfin Angel (1933) et Villiers (1963) signalent L. capense Smith. Un examen des spécimens en collection au Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle de Paris et une étude critique de la littérature concernant ce genre nous a permis une mise au point de la question et amené à la conclusion que le genre Lycophidion était représenté, dans la région considérée, par les espèces suivantes: Lycophidion irroratum (Leach, 1819) L. semicinctum semicinctum Duméril & Bibron, 1854 L. semicinctum albomaculatum Steindachner, 1870 L. nigromaculatum (Peters, 1863) L. laterale Hallowell, 1857 Lycophidion irroratum (Leach) Coluber irroratum Leach, in Bowdich, 1819: 494 — Localité type: Fantee, Ghana. 392 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDELINGEN 47 (29) L'espèce est caractérisée par l'absence de réduction des écailles dorsales dans la région anale; chez tous les individus examinés la formule dorsale est constante: 17­17­17. Les ventrales sont toujours en nombre inférieur à 180 (figs, ι et 3) et les caudales ne dépassent pas 50 (figs. 2 et 3). Il existe 2 „apical pits" sur les écailles dorsales, les labiales supérieures sont au nombre de 8, les 3ème, 4ème et sème bordant l'orbite. La coloration générale est brunâtre plus ou moins foncé, chaque écaille est finement pointillée de clair sur sa portion postérieure. Sur le dos, et de façon très irrégulière, on remarque de petits groupes de 2 ou 3 écailles uni­ formément sombres qui forment de petites taches foncées. Cette coloration typique correspond à celle que Jan & Sordelli ont figuré sous le nom de L. guttatus (pl. 1 no. 6). La gorge est toujours sombre ainsi que les écailles Irrorohim nigromaculatum latérale 160 160 170 170 180 180 190 Fig. ι. Histogramme des ventrales pour les trois espèces ayant pour formule dorsale: 17-17-17 (L. irroratum, L. nigromaculatum, L. laterale). ventrales qui sont éclaircies sur leur bord postérieur. Le dessus de la tête présente des marbrures blanchâtres plus ou moins distinctes. Chez les indi­ vidus âgés la coloration générale tend à s'assombrir et les petites taches s'estompent ou même disparaissent. L. irroratum est connu du Ghana: Fantee, Elima (L. guttatus Jan & Sordelli), Oda, Taf o, Ashantee (Hyspirhina maura Gray), Ashaba, Achi­ mota, Kumasi, Somanya; de la Guinée portugaise: Marqués Mano, Ponta Machado, Korentina; de la Côte d'Ivoire; du Dahomey; du Togo: Wara­ wara; du Liberia: Monrovia, Peatach; du Sierra Leone. K. P. Schmidt (1923) le signale du nord­est du Congo Kinshacha: Dungu et Garamba; mais Laurent (1968) qui a examiné ces individus les rapporte à L. capense jacksoni Blgr. GUIBÉ & ROUX-ESTÈVE, LYCOPHIDION 393 D. V. Sc. 483 ê 17-17-17 161 43/43 Côte d'Ivoire 278 $ >> 167 42/42 „ 311 $ 171 46/46 JJ 330 $ »> 164 39/39 „ 484 $ » 158 42/42 „ 225 S 163 JJ 235 $ „ 164 43/43 JJ 245 S „ 164 44/44 „ 53 S 166 43/43 JJ 403 $ ,, 160 43/43 „ 304 9 jj 165 36/36 JJ 309 9 „ 167 37/37 JJ 134 9 „ 168 40/40 JJ 241 9 JJ 163 38/38 JJ 252 9 JJ 169 39/39 „ 182 9 JJ 163 38/38 JJ 538 9 JJ 166 39/39 JJ 276 9 JJ 166 36/36 „ 197 9 JJ 168 39/39 JJ 279 9 JJ 168 38/38 IJ 415 9 JJ 168 41/41 JJ 1904-129 9 JJ 173 42/42 Guinée port. 1908- 65 9 JJ 167 37/37 Côte d'Ivoire 1916-146 9 „ 163 37/37 Dahomey Lycophidion nigromaculatum (Peters) Alopecion (Lycodon) nigromaculatus Peters, 1863: 288 — Localité type: Dabocron, Ghana. Le spécimen type est figuré par Jan & Sordelli sous le nom générique de Lycophidium (pl. 1 no. 5) et l'espèce mise jusqu'alors en synonymie avec L. irroratum, mais en 1968 Leston & Hughes l'ont réhabilité. Les collections du Muséum de Paris renferment 6 exemplaires qui corres• pondent exactement à la description de Peters et à la figure de Jan & Sordelli ; leurs caractéristiques justifient entièrement l'opinion de Leston & Hughes. D. V. Se. MNHP 1943- 89 Ä 17-17-17 185 53/53 Guinée 1951- 33 $ JJ 184 50/50 JJ 1885-700 9 „ 185 43/43 Côte d'Ivoire 1885-609 9 JJ 183 42/42 JJ 5919 9 „ 179 44/44 „ 1907-220 9 JJ 181 42/42 >j Coll. Leston et Hughes 9 17 185 47/47 Ghana Il ressort de l'examen du tableau ci-dessus et du graphique (fig. 3) que du seul point de vue de l'écaillure L. nigromaculatum est nettement distinct d' irroratum; le nombre des écailles ventrales (figs. 1 et 3) et sous-caudales 394 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDELINGEN 47 (29) nigromoculatum lateralt 30 30 30 • • 40 1 40 r 40 50 50 ] 50 -KD -KD Fig. 2. Histogramme des sous-caudales pour les trois especes ayant pour formule dorsale: 17-17-17 (L. irroratum, L. nigromaculatum, L. laterale). (figs. 2 et 3) est en effet toujours plus eleve (cf. tableau recapitulatif ). D'autre part la coloration est typique (pi. i no. 5), elle est essentiellement caracterisee par la presence, de part et d'autre de la ligne medio-dorsale du tronc et de la queue, de taches rectangulaires, noiratres, alternes, tranchant sur la teinte generale brun clair. L'abdomen est toujours sombre, nettement plus fonce que le dos et les ventrales sont bordees de clair sur les cotes. L. nigromaculatum est connu du Ghana: Tafo; de la Guinee: Bala, Fango et de la Cote d'lvoire: Elima, Grabo. Lycophidion semicinctum semicinctum Dumeril & Bibron L. semicinctum Dumeril & Bibron, 1854: 414 — Localite type: Cote de l'Or. Dans la description de cette espece, Dumeril & Bibron ont manifestement commis une erreur quant a Torigine de Texemplaire type qu'ils indiquent comme originaire du Cap de Bonne Esperance. En effet Schlegel, decrivant L. horstockii, signale avoir examine deux specimens: Tun provenant du Cap, envoye par Horstock, Tautre de la Cote de l'Or du a Eschricht. C'est ce dernier individu qui a ete communique a Dumeril & Bibron et figure par la suite par Jan & Sordelli (pi. 1 no. 4). Nous avons pu examiner un certain nombre d'exemplaires appartenant a cette espece. L. ^. semicinctum & ete souvent confondu avec L. irroratum, ainsi que Tun de nous Ta deja signale dans un travail precedent (Roux-Esteve, 1969) ; il s'en distingue facilement en raison du nombre de ses ecailles ventrales (figs. 3 et 4) et sous-caudales (figs. 3 et 5) superieur, et par la reduction constante du nombre des dorsales dans la region anale (17-17-15). La coloration est egalement differente: typiquement elle est caracterisee par des anneaux d'ecailles eclaircies, separes par des espaces plus fonces. GUIBE & ROUX-EST£:VE, LYCOPHIDION 395 99 f«J s.itmicinctum TV • s.olbomoculotum TV lottrale 9 rf» nigromoculatum $ irroratum f •* 20 30 40 50 60 SOUS-CAUDALES Fig. 3. Rapport des ecailles ventrales en fonction des ecailles sous-caudales. Dans quelques cas ces anneaux sont plus ou moins irreguliers, ils sont parfois tres attenues et peuvent meme disparaitre plus ou moins. 396 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDELINGEN 47 (29) D. V. Sc. I008-I91 a I7-I7-IS 182 44/44 Cote d'Tvoire 1908-181 $ » 183 45/45 >» I904-4I8A $ 186 48/48 Guinee 1921-411 & 186 49/49 „ 1908-172 $ 185 54/54 Mali 1919- 84 $ >> 191 53/53 Dahomey 1916-174 & 191 50/50 » I9I6-I74B $ „ 195 48/48 I9I6-I74C $ „ 192 50/50 „ 1910-166 $ »> 188 5i/5i » 1965- 41 $ 190 50/50 Tchad 1965- 79 $ 189 47/47 Hte Volta 1963- 3 $ 109 49/49 Nord Cameroun 485 $ 186 57/57 Cote d'lvoire 326 $ 194 54/54 74 $ >> 187 52/52 49 $ 193 57/57 » 1904-418 9 202 36/36 Guinee 1916-174A 9 „ 203 40/40 Dahomey 1965- 54 9 204 36/36 Mau- 1904-184 9 200 37/37 Tchad 1921- 11 9 199 38/38 Rip. Centra- fricaine Coll. Lamotte 430 9 202 43/43 Cote dTvoire 486 9 „ 207 40/40 n L. s. semicinctum semble avoir une assez vaste repartition geographique. S'il est connu des regions occidentales ou il est sympatrique avec irroratum et nigromaculatum (Guinee, Mali, Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Dahomey), il a aussi ete signale de la Republique du Tchad: Fort Archambault, Mayo Kebi: de la Republique Centre-Af rique: Gribingui, et du nord Cameroon: Mokolo, Poli. $.$«micinctum s.albomaculatum Fig. 4. Histogramme des ventrales pour les deux especes ayant pour formule dorsale: 17-17-15 (L. s. semicinctum, L. s. albomaculatum). GUIBE & ROUX-ESTEVE, LYCOPHIDION 397 Lycophidion semicinctum albomaculatum Steindachner L. horstokii var. albomaculata Steindachner, 1870: 334 — Localite type: Environ de Dakar. Cette variete, longtemps consideree comme synonyme de L.
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