CORNELIA SCHULZE

The Battle of the Sexes in D.H. Lawrence's Prose, Poetry and Paintings

Universitatsverlag C. WINTER Heidelberg Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABBREVIATIONS

1 NEW APPROACHES TO D.H. LAWRENCE 1 1.1 Recent Research: Suggestion of multiple Lawrences 1 1.2 Research Proposal: Seeking for a 'whole' Lawrence 12

2 GENDER FORMATION IN BRITAIN IN THE EARLY MODERN AGE 21 2.1 The Battle of the Sexes: Crisis of Gender around the Turn of the 20th Century 22 2.1.1 The Ideology of Separate Spheres in Nineteenth-Century Britain 22 2.1.2 The Emergence of the New Woman 26 2.1.3 Masculinity under Fire: From Sex War to Real War 33 2.1.4 The Reconstruction of Gender 38 2.2 Representation of Gender in Contemporary Art 41 2.2.1 Sexuality in Victorian Art 44 2.2.2 Modern Visions of Gender 49 2.2.3 The Threat of Female Sexuality in Twentieth-Century Culture 59

3 D.H. LAWRENCE: A MODERN MAN : 67 3.1 D.H. Lawrence's Crisis of Manhood 67 3.1.1 Son of Woman 68 3.1.2 Physical Limitations 78 3.1.3 Homoerotic Desire 83 3.1.4 Initiation into Manhood 87 3.2 D.H. Lawrence's Idea of Sexual Difference 94 3.2.1 The Birth of Sex 97 3.2.2 Dual Love 100 3.2.3 Sexuality 105 3.2.4 Phallic Marriage 110

4 THE BA TTLE OF THE SEXES IN D.H. LAWRENCE'S PROSE AND POETRY 117 4.1 The self-conscious Lawrence (1906-1913): The Gap 123 4.1.1 "These Clever Women" (1911): "Unsatisfied!" 124 4.1.2 (1911): The Fall of Adam 127 4.1.3 (1913): Man of Woman 138 4.1.4 "" (1911): "The Horror of a Distance" 161 4.2 The visionary Lawrence (1913-1922): Bridging the Gap 165 4.2.1 "Bei Hennef' (1912): "You are the Call and I am the Answer" 165 4.2.2 "The Thorn in the Flesh" (1914): "Flame of Passion" 171 4.2.3 (1915): Female Genesis 178 4.2.4 (1920): "Ultimate Marriage" and "Blutsbriiderschaft".. 194 4.3 The exiled Lawrence (1922-1926): Modes of Escapism 205 4.3.1 (1923): Redefining Manhood 214 4.3.2 St. Mawr (1925): Female Regeneration 226 4.3.3 "" (1925): Female Recreation 236 4.3.4 (1926): Female Resistance 243 4.4 The tender Lawrence (1926-1930): Towards a Solution 257 4.4.1 Lady Chatterley 's Lover (1928): Tenderness 261 4.4.2 (1929): Resurrection of the Body 278 4.4.3 Last Poems (1932): "Kissing and Horrid Strife" 282

5 THE BATTLE OF THE SEXES IN D.H. LAWRENCE'S PAINTINGS 285 5.1 Making Pictures 287 5.2 Visions of Male and Female Sexuality 289 5.2.1 Throwing Bach the Apple: A Revolt in Paradise 290 5.2.2 Flight Back into Paradise: Escaping Modern Civilisation 292 5.2.3 Contadini: Male Selfhood 293 5.2.4 North Sea: Sons of God Coming Down to the Daughters of Men 294 5.2.5 Fire Dance: Re-awakening Sensuality 295 5.2.6 Yawning: Trembling Balance 296 5.2.7 The Mango Tree: Phallic Tenderness 297 5.3 Conclusion 297

6 GARRY SHEAD'S LA WRENCE SERIES: A CREATIVE APPRECIATION OF D.H.LAWRENCE 299

7 SUMMARY 305

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

APPENDIX 1

APPENDIX 2

BIBLIOGRAPHY