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Mrs Sapir-Bergstein and Beit Hatfutsot, the Museum of the Jewish People Photographs and Their Stories 72 Morocco and Israel 74 from Fez

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Mrs Sapir-Bergstein and Beit Hatfutsot, the Museum of the Jewish People Photographs and Their Stories 72 Morocco and Israel 74 from Fez VU Research Portal Objects in context, peoples in places Home, museum and belonging in the cultural landscape of Israel Jaffe-Schagen, J.B. 2013 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Jaffe-Schagen, J. B. (2013). Objects in context, peoples in places Home, museum and belonging in the cultural landscape of Israel. Eigen Beheer. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 02. Oct. 2021 Objects in context, peoples in places Home, museum and belonging in the cultural landscape of Israel VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT Objects in context, peoples in places Home, museum and belonging in the cultural landscape of Israel ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. B. Oudega, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de Faculteit der Letteren op dinsdag 25 juni 2013 om 13.45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 door Judy Bettine Jaffe-Schagen geboren te Amsterdam promotor: prof.dr. S. Legêne copromotor: dr. H. Dibbits CONTENTS Switzerland? 1 Location, location, location 3 Borders of identity 4 Politics of culture 9 Material culture, objects and people 13 Having, collecting and showing 14 Tacheles 21 Time in place 36 Part 1 Objects in situ: Homes and their museums 39 1. Exhibiting belief: religious objects in a secular institute 41 Mrs Marantz and the Israel Museum Presence of the invisible 42 Chabad, Israel and New York 43 From the East Side to Kfar Chabad 46 Home 48 Ready-made identity 56 The Israel Museum 60 Hasidic culture 62 Remarks 67 2. More than one story to tell, photographs at home and in the museum 71 Mrs Sapir-Bergstein and Beit Hatfutsot, the Museum of the Jewish People Photographs and their stories 72 Morocco and Israel 74 From Fez . 77 . To Israel 80 Home 82 Back to Fez 87 Beit Hatfutsot 89 Remarks 96 3. A migration museum and its visitors 99 Mrs Kaduri and the Babylonian Jewry Heritage Center Immigrants and their museum 100 From Baghdad to Palestine, from Iraq to Israel 100 Home in Ramat Gan 104 From home to tent to home 109 Baghdad in Or Yehuda 114 The curator and the museum 117 Remarks 118 4. Indigenous curation provides a second glance 121 Mr Yeshayahu and Bahalachin, the Ethiopian Jews Cultural Center A second glance 122 Being Mesfin 122 Becoming Moshe 125 Home 129 Osnat and Edna 132 Bahalachin, our culture 138 Indigenous curation in a migration museum 141 Remarks 144 5. Medals rather than high art 147 Mr Pens and the Museum of the Jewish Soldier in World War II Changing the national narrative 148 From former Soviet Union to Israel 148 On food and the Shoah 151 Carpets on the wall in Tiberias 156 An art collection 161 A curator from Siberia and a photographer from the Ukraine 162 Medals in Latrun 166 Remarks 168 6. On colors and borders 171 Mrs Romem and People of Israel website Colors and borders 172 Knitted skullcaps 172 Orange 174 The religious kibbutz 175 Books losing their place in the home 178 The perfect object 184 The color green 185 The museum of the color orange 188 Website as museum 191 Remarks 194 7. A holiday as object 197 Mrs Salame and Beit HaGefen One minority, two majorities 198 Christian Arabs in Israel 198 Living in Turan 199 Watermelons under the bed 204 Beit HaGefen 206 A festival of holidays 208 Remarks 210 8. The geographical position of art and home 213 Mrs Abu Ilaw and the Umm el Fahem art gallery The art of Wadi Ara 214 The Israeli Muslim Arab subculture 214 Home in Mu’awiya 217 High and low furniture 220 Children’s material culture 223 The director and the Umm el Fahem art gallery 224 Towards a museum: the collection, the location 228 The archive as foundation 230 Remarks 232 Part 2 Belonging: Mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion 235 Overview of collected objects 236 9. On snapshots and masterpieces 249 Stories and credits 260 10. Establishing collections, building a nation 263 Committees, laws and museums 263 Historical sketch of the museum landscape in Israel; the beginning 265 A first memorial 267 A national museum showing the other(s) 269 From Diaspora to the Jewish people 271 Settlement and coexistence 273 New narratives visible in new museums 275 Indigenous curation, inclusion and exclusion 278 Memorials, homes for intangible culture? 280 Art between West and Middle-East 281 Israeli texture 283 Counter offensive 285 Israel and Poland in Venice 288 Building a nation; establishing collections 290 To Conclude, Switzerland once more 295 Notes 300 Bibliography 331 Objects and bar graphs 351 List of illustrations 355 Summary 361 Samenvatting (Summary in Dutch) 367 Acknowledgments 375 A painting on the cover of a book 377 Switzerland? My kitchen, Yavne’el Israel, 2006 ‘What exactly was I thinking when I started to write this thing? Where exactly did I think I was living? Switzerland?’ (Sayed Kashua, 2010)1 I found myself staring at two yellow and green inflatable plastic tulips standing by the kitchen window. Once I had moved from Amsterdam to Israel, they changed from objects that I considered kitschy and just for tourists, into objects that, although still kitschy, I like to have in my home. You could say the tulips embody my longing to experience (Dutch) conviviality in an Israeli environment.2 Perhaps they are the only objects in my home that have this specific meaning.3 Placing tulips in front of the kitchen window is a personal choice; exhibiting tulips or other objects in a museum setting involves a different type of decision making. How political are my tulips? Most people in Israel are busy living and are not immersed in politics on a daily basis. British anthropologist Daniel Miller describes the 1 disadvantage of focusing too much on the political situation and aspects of Israeli society, saying that ‘while inhabitants of Israel become homogenized within a politicized landscape, we tend to forget that people even have everyday life. Consequently the actual dynamism and diversity of the society becomes lost.’4 While I agree with Daniel Miller, Israel is not Switzerland, as Israeli Muslim Arab writer Sayed Kashua noted with despair; politics are always present in the background, like wallpaper, discernible with the proper lighting. So again, how political are my tulips? With the particular Israeli political wallpaper as a backdrop, my research tells a story about tulips and other objects in the homes and museums of Israel as a cultural landscape. In this introduction, ‘Location, location, location’ considers the significance of a specific location in the context of, as well as in relation to, a wider network. ‘Borders of identity’ then looks at the question of how geographical and administrative boundaries act as definers of identity. The section ‘Politics of culture’ concerns the role of material culture in the interaction and interdependence between subcultures and a main culture, and presents the hypothesis that the main culture can more properly be considered another subculture. ‘Material culture, objects and people’ delineates different classifications of objects needed to compare cultural identifications in the public sphere with the private sphere. ‘Having, collecting and showing’ discusses the consequences that classifications made by museums can have on the building of a nation state. My aim is to show that location and the way people interact with location in time has a continuous influence on the relation between people and objects. Furthermore, I would like to show that a correlation exists between the role museums play in the relation between people and objects, and the position people take within the society in which they live. ‘Tacheles’ outlines the historical approach, as well as the sociological method and the anthropological tools used in this research. It also introduces the eight chapters, each of which presents research on a unit of analysis, consisting of 2 a home and a museum linked to an Israeli subculture. ‘Time in place’ maps how time and place are linked to each other and shows the locations and the time elements involved in the research. Location, location, location The relation between objects, material culture and who we are and how we present ourselves is described by British anthropologist and archeologist Chris Tilley in one word: objectification. He states that ‘through making, using, exchanging, consuming, interacting and living with things people make themselves in the process. The object world is thus absolutely central to an understanding of the identities of individual persons and societies. Without the things – material culture – we could neither be ourselves nor know ourselves.’5 Daniel Miller argues that ‘there exists a one-to-one relationship between a material thing (or a particular pattern, such as a style of home decoration) and the expression of belonging or difference’6 and ‘because the object may lend itself equally to the expression of difference… and to the expression of unity, therefore the subject-object process is central; hence we can speak of objectification of identity.’7 American anthropologist Janet Hoskins adds ‘just like people and landscapes, objects too can be said to have ‘biographies’, going through a series of transformations from gift to commodity to inalienable possession.
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