The Parintins Folk Festival

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Parintins Folk Festival NORTH | AMAZONAS The Parintins Folk Festival Parintins city was founded in 1793 and its people presents death of the bull, part of the legend that tells the story of an artistic expression recognized worldwide due to their Mãe Catirina, who during her pregnancy craved for eating folklore festival. The city has a population of more than ox tongue. Pai Francisco, her husband, sacrifices the bull 100,000 people and it is situated on the right bank of the from the farm where he was employed to satisfy his wife´s Amazon River on the Tupinambarana Island. desire. The ranch owner discovers everything and decides to capture Francisco with the help of his cowboys, but the Parintins is situated 420 km from Manaus, the most used Indians help hide Pai Francisco from the cowboys. The local transportation by the local population is the regional boat priest and the doctor try to resuscitate the bull, to no avail. by river with accommodations in hammocks, cabins and The local Indian shaman uses his supernatural powers and suites. The trip on the Amazonas River from Manaus, potions to revive the bull. With the bull alive again, the takes 15 hours going downstream, and 27 hours going party is restarted, in a frenzied and irresistible rhythm. upstream. It takes 1 hour from Manaus to Parintins by air. The cheering sections decorate their strongholds with The Folklore Festival is considered one of the largest much creativity in order to complete the unforgettable cultural manifestations in Brazil. The June’s celebrations show. When entering the arena, the “Bois-Bumbás” are begin to be presented in the school yards and at the met with fireworks and the war cry from the audience Cultural and Spots Arena (the Bumbódromo was built echoes in the face at the silence of the opposite cheering in the shape of a bull’s head with a seating capacity of section. 35,000 spectators). During the event the city of Parintins is divided into two blocks: one blue and the other red - the colors of the two Where happiness is ritual bulls Caprichoso and Garantido. Held on June 28, “ 29 and 30, the island is flooded by a multitude of people the only rule. from all parts of Brazil, and other countries of the world. The highlight in the presentations is the revival of the Copyright Berkana Travel DMC - All rights reserved. For further information visit our website: www.berkanatravel.com.br ” 77 NORTH | PARA Time: One hour behind Brasíla Average Annual Temperature: 27ºC Belem Climate: Equatorial Humid Rainfall: December to May Airports: Internacional de Belém 12 Km from Down Town Belém is a city in the northern part of Brazil. It is the Due to the growing importance of rubber from the end of capital and also the biggest city of the state of Pará. Its the 19th until the beginning of the 20th century, Belém metropolitan area has approximately 2 million inhabitants. became a very important marketplace. During this period It is the entrance gate and, together with Manaus, the many important buildings were constructed, such as most important city in the Brazilian Amazon region. Palácio Lauro Sodré, Colégio Gentil Bitencourt, Teatro da Paz, Palácio Antônio Lemos and the Ver-o-Peso market. Founded in 1616, Belém combines the Portuguese mansions decorated with tiles that are concentrated in the In the first hours of the morning the Ver-o-Peso market is old town, with the modernity of “Docas” station, a port teeming with activity. area that was transformed in a gastronomic and cultural pole. Boats of all sizes arrive, bringing fruit, meat, fish and many other products. Ver-o-Peso market has become the Belém is 120km from the Atlantic Ocean and it has the postcard of Belém: colors, odors and flavors mix in a rich biggest port on the Amazon River. The city handles the and original landscape. This port harbors typical fishing Amazonian production (chiefly Brazil nuts, aluminum, boats and canoes bringing various products, such as clay cassava, and pepper) and has processing plants. North handicraft and herbs from Amazon for different purposes. Brazil’s largest airport and a coastal railroad enhance the There are herbs to cure diseases, perfumed herbs, aromatic trade of Belém, which is also connected with Brasília by a roots, alligator teeth, which according to local beliefs railroad and highway. protect people from evil, rabbit paws to attract happiness, necklaces made of bids from the forest, etc. From Belém, you set sail for any place that is navigable on the Amazon and its tributaries. It is a city outlined by Close to the market, one can also see the Solar da rivers, waterways and channels. Because of its abundance Beira mansion, once the headquarters of the Municipal of water, the equatorial heat is transformed into coolness Inspectorate and now a place where local handicraft is and pleasure. A seemingly typical Amazon city, with forest, sold. Its surrounding area is almost fully located in the jungle, woods, and all the exuberance of the fauna and Amazonian Forest, except for some parts where the flora of the region, Belém amazes one because it maintains vegetation is less dense - in the low Trombetas region and some harmony between the “cabocla” life and the in the Marajó archipelago. agitation of a capital. The city is known for its Goeldi museum, with ethnological One of the rainiest cities in the world, it has a “less wet” and zoological collections of the Amazon basin. It also season from July to December. But this is not as bad as it has a botanical garden brilliant with exotic flowers, a sounds. Rain often comes and goes quickly and is a brief modern leprosarium, and the Federal University of Pará. respite from the equatorial heat. Copyright Berkana Travel DMC - All rights reserved. For further information visit our website: www.berkanatravel.com.br 78 NORTH | PARA The government palace and the cathedral were built in the 18th century: Santo Alexandre, Belém’s oldest church, was Nightclubs completed in 1616. In Belém, one can taste the best of the region’s cuisine: Mystical | Avenida Almirante Tamandaré, na Praça do Arsenal, Arsenal açaí, cupuaçu, bacuri, uxi, bacaba, pupunha, Brazil nuts. Nightclub with teatral performances. Mystic place with nice Exotic and nutritive fruits are responsible, along with fish decoration. and manioc flour, for the survival of a large part of the population. Metrô | Av.Governador José Malcher, between Benjamim Constant e Rua Dr. Moraes, Nazaré The indigenan heritage is alive in the strong tastes of the Big nightclub built in the underground. Dance Music. dishes, such as the “tacacá” and the “pato no tucupi”. All over town, mango trees decorate the streets and help Casablanca | Av. Senador Lemos, 175 - Umarizal fight the heat. The nightclub has a big dance floor, bar and restaurant. Dance Music. Iguana | Avenida Wandenkolk, 247 Going shopping Mexican ambience. Dance Music. Ver-o-Peso Market | Boulevard Castilhos França, Comércio The market is a cultural and tourist symbol of Belém. Shows Shopping Center Iguatemi | Trv. Padre Eutíquio, 1078 - Batista Campos An upscale shopping mall. A Pororoca | Av. Senador Lemos, 3316 - Sacramenta One of the most traditional places for regional “brega” shows. Metrópole City Hall | Rodovia Augusto Montenegro, KM 7, Castanheira Eating out The music hall brings the best shows of national music to Belém. Maria Belém | Rua Dr. Malcher, 85 beside Igreja da Sé - Cidade Velha Varied gastronomy, with exclusive dishes. Located in an old mansion in the city center. Where to go for a drink? Lá em Casa/ O Outro | Av. Gov. José Malcher, 247 – Nazaré The restaurant offers two ambiences: “Lá em casa” has an open ceiling when it is not raining and “O Outro” serves Bar do Parque | Pça da República, s/n° - Centro lunch in an air conditioned area. It prepares creative dishes It is one of the most traditional bars in Belém. It has with Amazonian ingredients. become a touristy point due to its history and charm. Le Massilia | | Rua Henrique Gurjão, 236 – Reduto Casanostra Café | Trav. Benjamin Constant, 1499 French cuisine. Candle lights dinner with french music. Happy hour and live shows every night. Services & Tours BEL 01 | Transfer in One way transfer to or from International Airport, including assistance and porterage (2 pieces per person). Copyright Berkana Travel DMC - All rights reserved. For further information visit our website: www.berkanatravel.com.br 79 NORTH | PARA Services & Tours BEL 02 | HD City Tour City Tour (3 hours) – Since the market is open only in the morning, tour starts with a stop and visit to the picturesque and busy Ver-O-Peso market; Our Lady of Nazareth Basilica (closed on Mondays) and Emilio Goeldi Museum - botanical and zoo, and passing by the major places of interest in Belém including Teatro da Paz and Republica square. BEL 03 | Tour To Icoaracy Village Located 18km far from Belem, Icoaracy village is well known handcraft). This tour shows all the phases of making process by the great influence on the Marajoara´s tribe from Marajó of the ceramic: the precedence of the argil, the process used Island that developed one of the most interesting process of to clean the argil, the seeds used to change its color, how the making Marajoara and Tapajonic ceramic (the Amazonian argil is dried, drawn and painted. 3 hours duration. Hotels Crowne Plaza Belem ««««« Location | Nazaré neighborhood, 5 minutes from the city center and 20 minutes from the airport. Rooms | 174 rooms equipped with 29” cable TV, internet high speed, telephone, voice mail, air conditioning, safe box, mini bar, work desk. Features | Restaurant, bar, business center, meeting room, swimming pool, sauna and fitness center.
Recommended publications
  • Unfolding Journeys
    BIRD-EATING SPID H E GOLIATH ER CARDINAL TETRA T NT MONKEY FRO A Roman Catholic cardinal GIA doing in G Anacon R 6 s a frog a tree? een da 25 wears red – so does the E t’ r V a RI h G N W IANT MONKEY FROG 12 The huge GREEN CARDINAL TETRA fish. O s a G ! Don’t worry, this GOLIATH Z TRIBUTARIES It’ ANACONDA spends MA Because 15 BIRD-EATING SPIDER looks most of its time hidden A the largest The Amazon they’re so 20 scary, but it doesn’t want Take the trip of a lifetime– in the water. River is fed by juicy, the you for dinner. along the Amazon –River as it winds many smaller rivers people of the ACAI 31 along its journey to Amazon call the river in the world the sea. How many berries of the PALM its way through six countries can you see? ACAÍ PALM ‘the and thousands of kilometres of fruit that cries.’ 8 21 ANGELFISH breathtaking tropical rainforest. rive DISCUS F 7 PINK r DO 16 ISH BR The AMACAYACU The natives of theL P AZIL y! No H NUT Sorr NATIONAL PARK is Amazon once thought the IN T ehicles allowe RE otor v d mostly under water from PINK RIVER DOLPHIN E m PUERTO 26 nter October to June. Stay in had magical powers. AMAZONIAN MANATEE to e IÑO. NAR the boat, please! Early explorers from 30 s at the but Europe thought the live te NAR r rf TO INO 13 AMAZONIAN MANATEE e ly ER The ANGELFISH t 11 a f U S a P might be a mermaid! ITO e Look at those beautiful U t r got its name from the IQ n m fish swimming the boat! beside a .
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Sample (PDF)
    ® field guides BIRDING TOURS WORLDWIDE [email protected] • 800•728•4953 ITINERARY Great Rivers of the Amazon II: Birding the Madeira-Tapajos Interfluvium July 16-31, 2021 While the Red-billed Scythebill is widespread in Brazil, the subspecies we’ll see on this tour is a distinctive form. We had great views of this bird on the previous tour. Photograph by guide Tom Johnson. We include here information for those interested in one of the 2021 Field Guides Great Rivers of the Amazon II tour: ¾ a general introduction to the tour ¾ a description of the birding areas to be visited on the tour ¾ an abbreviated daily itinerary with some indication of the nature of each day’s birding outings These additional materials will be made available to those who register for the tour: ¾ an annotated list of the birds recorded on a previous year’s Field Guides trip to the area, with comments by guide(s) on notable species or sightings (may be downloaded from our web site) ¾ a detailed information bulletin with important logistical information and answers to questions regarding accommodations, air arrangements, clothing, currency, customs and immigration, documents, health precautions, and personal items ¾ a reference list ¾ a Field Guides checklist for preparing for and keeping track of the birds we see on the tour ¾ after the conclusion of the tour, a list of birds seen on the tour Folks, the next run of this boat-based, Amazonian birding tour is ready for you! It will take us up tributaries and into forests that few birders (besides Bret and colleagues, on research expeditions, and our 2 previous tours) have ever seen, and give us a chance of finding many of the poorly known birds and some primates endemic to the Madeira-Tapajos interfluvium.
    [Show full text]
  • Audiology Today Project Amazon: an Interview
    Project Amazon: AN INTERVIEW BY KIMBERLY BARRY AND ANNA JILLA 42 AUDIOLOGY TODAY May/Jun 2016 Vol 28 No 3 Since 2012, the American Academy of Audiology Foundation has partnered with the Oticon Hearing Foundation to send one audiologist and one audiology student to Brazil, to provide audiological care to children and adults. THE PROJECT AMAZON MISSION is sponsored by the Oticon Hearing Foundation to bring sustainable hearing care to the residents of the remote, riverfront communities that surround the Oticon Clinic in Parintins, Brazil. Established in 2011, the Oticon Hearing Foundation aims to foster a “community of caring” among hearing care professionals that empowers them to bring sus- tainable hearing care to in-need people and communities around the Opposite: Prepping world. The Oticon Hearing Foundation accepts donations of gently used to observe cochlear Oticon hearing instruments that are then reconditioned and provided to implant surgery. hearing care professionals who volunteer for non-profit humanitarian Top left: Dr. Lena missions. The Foundation receives its funding from its parent company, Kyman and AuD Oticon, Inc., William Demant Holding (WDH), and Oticon-related com- student Mia Canale (and their translator) panies, in addition to other organizations and individuals. The goal is to with a young patient elevate awareness of the effect of hearing loss on the quality of peoples’ who just received lives regardless of where they live and work. hearing aids. The Project Amazon is a competitive application process with pri- Top right: Dr. Lena ority given to applicants with extensive hearing aid fitting experience Kyman and AuD (adult and pediatric), and who have a demonstrated commitment to student Mia Canale with an older audiology-related service work with local, national, and/or interna- patient who tional organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • About Parintins, Brazil
    Intel Corporation 2200 Mission College Blvd. P.O. Box 58119 Santa Clara, CA 95052-8119 Fact Sheet PARINTINS, BRAZIL Where is Parintins? Parintins is an isolated city with 114,000 inhabitants located in the heart of the Amazonas region. The city covers an area of 7,069 km² and is located on the right bank of the Amazon River on the Tupinambarana Island. Parintins is located 420 km from Manaus, the capital city of the Amazonas State, and can be accessed only by plane or by boat. There’s a daily 1.25 hour flight from Manaus. Traveling by water offers a larger variety of options, from the simple use of local boats to luxury liners, locally known as catamarãs. It takes approximately 12 hours to sail down the river and 18 hours to sail upstream. What are Parintins main attractions? Parintins is known primarily for its annual boi-bumba folklore festival, one of the largest revenue sources for the city’s residents. The 3-day dueling theatrical celebration uses elaborate costumes, parade carts and puppets to perform a show based on indigenous legends gathered from several tribes and based on tales from the Brazilian Amazon half-breed caboclo traditions. The Caprichoso and Garantido schools compete each year. More than 100,000 people travel to Parintins every June for the festival. More information is available at www.boibumba.com. The land that gave birth to the boi-bumba legend also offers many other noteworthy attractions. Outstanding among them is fishing, with an abundant variety of species such as Tambaqui, Pirarucu and Tucunaré that live in this region.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Making of Regional Systems: the Tapajós/Madeira And
    The Making of Regional Systems: the Tapajós/Madeira and Trombetas/Nhamundá regions in the Lower Brazilian Amazon, 17th and 18th centuries. Mark Harris Abstract Building on Neil Whitehead’s work in northern South America, this article considers the formations of two different deep forest regional networks. Though these Amerindian spaces have origins in the pre-colonial past, this article analyses their shaping in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, a period when they confronted colonial agents. There were other regional systems along the course of the Amazon and its many tributaries that were a part of a similar historical process of re-founding identities and claims on land and people involving challenges to leadership and political organization. Following Hal Langfur, we can term this general making of spaces a re- territorialisation. Critical social relations include those between Amerindian ethnic entities and their leaders, soldiers and missionaries. This article focuses on a key spatial relation between Amerindian settlements and the mission, or partially colonised village, which had an indirect or direct contact with each other. This article will examine two contrasting Amerindian spaces, the Tapajó and Kondurí, on the Amazon River during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. These areas were 1 shaped by Amerindian spatial and political activities as well as the Portuguese colonial world centered in Belem. A principal way these distinct spaces came to be articulated was through the descimento, the “descent” or relocation of Indians to colonial spaces Sommer (2005). These relocation efforts started and ended in small fragile settlements on or near the main river.1 Colonial agents saw these places as gateways to the sertão, the Amerindian spaces upriver and in the forests.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tupinamba
    SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 143 HANDBOOK OF SOUTH AMERICAN INDIANS Julian H. Steward, Editor Volume 3 THE TROPICAL FOREST TRIBES Prepared in Cooperation With the United States Department of State as a Project of the Interdepartmental Committee on Scientific and Cultural Cooperation Extraído do volume 3 (1948) Handbook of South American Indians. Disponível para download em http://www.etnolinguistica.org/hsai UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1948 For aale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Goyernment Frintinc Office. Washington 25, D. C. : THE TUPINAMBA By Alfred Metraux TRIBAL DIVISIONS Tupinamba.—This name is applied here to all the Indians speaking a Tupi-Guarani dialect, who in the 16th century were masters of the Bra- zilian shore from the mouth of the Amazon River to Cananea, in the south of the State of Sao Paulo (map 1, No. 1 ; see Volume 1, map 7). Though linguistically and culturally closely related, these Indians were divided into a great many tribes that waged merciless war against one another. Most of these groups were given different names by the Por- tuguese and French colonists, but the term Tupinamba was applied to the tribes of such widely separated regions as Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, and Maranhao. Because these are the best-known tribes, we shall, for con- venience, apply to all of them the term Tupinamba; we shall, however, carefully distinguish each subdivision when defining its geographical position. Coastal tribes.—From north to south we have Tupinamba.—Occupying, along with small infiltrations of Teremembe (Handbook, vol. 1, p. 573), the whole coast between the Parnahyba (Parnaiba) and the Para Rivers at the end of the 16th century (lat.
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Spatiotemporal Variation of Droughts in the Amazon River Basin
    water Article Long-Term Spatiotemporal Variation of Droughts in the Amazon River Basin Franklin Paredes-Trejo 1,2,* , Humberto Alves Barbosa 2 , Jason Giovannettone 3, T. V. Lakshmi Kumar 4, Manoj Kumar Thakur 5 and Catarina de Oliveira Buriti 6 1 Department of Civil Engineering, San Carlos Campus, University of the Western Plains Ezequiel Zamora, San Carlos 2201, Venezuela 2 Laboratório de Análise e Processamento de Imagens de Satélites (LAPIS), Instituto de Ciências Atmosféricas, A. C. Simões Campus, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Alagoas 57072-900, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Dewberry, 8401 Arlington Blvd., Fairfax, VA 22031, USA; [email protected] 4 Atmospheric Science Research Laboratory, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India; [email protected] 5 Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; [email protected] 6 National Semi-Arid Institute (INSA), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications (MCTIC), Campina Grande 58100-000, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +58-258-2517-675 Abstract: The Amazon River Basin (ARB) plays an important role in the hydrological cycle at the regional and global scales. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the incidence and severity of droughts could increase in this basin due to human-induced climate change. Therefore, the assessment of the impacts of extreme droughts in the ARB is of vital importance to develop appropriate drought mitigation strategies. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive characterization of dry spells and extreme drought events in terms of occurrence, Citation: Paredes-Trejo, F.; Barbosa, persistence, spatial extent, severity, and impacts on streamflow and vegetation in the ARB during H.A.; Giovannettone, J.; Lakshmi the period 1901–2018.
    [Show full text]
  • The Languages of South American Indians
    _> I oox-o Co to .^ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U S BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 143 HANDBOOK OF SOUTH AMERICAN INDIANS Julian H. Steward, Editor Volume 6 PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, LINGUISTICS AND CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AMERICAN INDIANS Prepared in Cooperation With the United States Department of State as a Project of the Interdepartmental Committee on Scientific and Cultural Cooperation UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1950 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing 0£Gice, Washington 25, D. C Price $5.00 _ Part 3. The Languages of South American Indians By J. Alden Mason CONTENTS PAGE PAGE Introduction 159 Yunca-Puruhdn 193 Sources 169 Yunca 194 Puruhd The Meso-Anxerican languages- 173 195 Canari Hokan-Siouan 173 (Canyari) 195 Ataldn Macro-Penutian 173 195 Utaztecan 174 Sec, Sechura, or Talldn 196 Macro-Otomanguean 174 Kechumaran 196 Lencan, Jicaquean, and Quechua 197 Payan 174 Aymara 200 Macro-Chibchan 174 Chiquitoan 200 Chibchan 175 Macro-Guaicuruan 201 Chibchan languages of Cen- Mataco-Macd 202 tral America 176 Mataco 202 Chibcha proper 178 Macd (Enimagd, Coch- Colombian subgroup 179 aboth) 203 Inter-Andine group 179 Guaicurii (Waicurii) 204 Barbacoa group 180 Lule-Vilelan 206 Andaki (Andaquf) 181 Tonocote, Matard,, and Gua- Betoi group 181 card 208 Languages probably of Chibchan Arawakan 208 aflBnities 184 Chan6 and Chand, 216 Panzaleo 184 Languages of probable Arawakan Cara and Caranki 184 affinities 216 Kijo (Quijo) 184 Misumalpan 184 Araud group 216 Cofdn (Kofane) 186 Apolista or Lapachu 217 Amuesha 217 Languages of doubtful Chibchan Tucuna (Tikuna) 218 relationships 186 Tarumd 218 Coche (Mocoa) 186 Tacana _ 218 Esmeralda 187 Tairona and Chimila 187 Languages of possible Arawakan Yurumanguf 188 relationships 221 Timote 188 Tuyuneri 221 Candoshi, Chirino, and Mur- Jirajara 221 ato 191 Jfvaro 222 Chol6n 192 Uru-Chipaya-Pukina 224 Hibito 192 Ochosuma 225 Copall^n 192 Chango and Coast Uru_ 225 Aconipa (Akonipa) 193 Cariban 226 157 Extraído do vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthropogenic Landscapes of Amazonia : a Spatial Analysis of Landscape Modification and Settlement Organization at Macurany, Brazil
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2019 Anthropogenic landscapes of Amazonia : a spatial analysis of landscape modification and settlement organization at Macurany, Brazil. M. Grace Ellis University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, and the Geographic Information Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Ellis, M. Grace, "Anthropogenic landscapes of Amazonia : a spatial analysis of landscape modification and settlement organization at Macurany, Brazil." (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3169. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/3169 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The nivU ersity of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The nivU ersity of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ANTHROPOGENIC LANDSCAPES OF AMAZONIA: A SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF LANDSCAPE MODIFICATION AND SETTLEMENT ORGANIZATION AT MACURANY, BRAZIL. By M. Grace Ellis B.A., University of Louisville, 2013 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Arts in Anthropology Department of Anthropology University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky May 2019 Copyright 2019 by M. Grace Ellis All rights reserved ANTHROPOGENIC LANDSCAPES OF AMAZONIA: A SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF LANDSCAPE MODIFICATION AND SETTLEMENT ORGANIZATION AT MACURANY, BRAZIL.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Routes: Interfluves and Interpreters in the Upper Tapajós River (C
    INDIGENOUS ROUTES: INTERFLUVES AND INTERPRETERS IN THE UPPER TAPAJÓS RIVER (C. 1750 TO C. 1950) Daniel Belik A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2018 Full metadata for this thesis is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this thesis: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16099 This item is protected by original copyright This item is licensed under a Creative Commons Licence https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Indigenous Routes: Interfluves and Interpreters in the Upper Tapajós River (c. 1750 to c. 1950) Daniel Belik This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) at the University of St Andrews May 2018 Candidate's declaration I, Daniel Belik, do hereby certify that this thesis, submitted for the degree of PhD, which is approximately 67K words in length, has been written by me, and that it is the record of work carried out by me, or principally by myself in collaboration with others as acknowledged, and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for any degree. I was admitted as a research student at the University of St Andrews in August 2013. I received funding from an organisation or institution and have acknowledged the funder(s) in the full text of my thesis. Date 23rd July 2018 Signature of candidate Supervisor's declaration I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of PhD in the University of St Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimating Cell-To-Cell Land Surface Drainage Paths from Digital Channel Networks, with an Application to the Amazon Basin
    Journal of Hydrology 315 (2005) 167–182 www.elsevier.com/locate/jhydrol Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin Emilio Mayorgaa,*, Miles G. Logsdona,1, Maria Victoria R. Ballesterb,2, Jeffrey E. Richeya,1 aSchool of Oceanography, University of Washington, Box 355351, Seattle, WA 98195-5351, USA bCentro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13416-000, Brazil Received 18 May 2004; revised 28 February 2005; accepted 18 March 2005 Abstract Cell-to-cell surface flow paths are commonly derived from gridded digital elevation models (DEM) by choosing the direction of steepest descent to one of the eight surrounding cells. However, adequate DEMs often are not available. We developed a topography-independent method for creating gridded, land and stream drainage direction maps based on corrected vector river networks. We applied it to the Digital Chart of the World river network in the Amazon basin gridded at 0.0058 resolution; in this basin, low relief and poor topographic data have prevented the effective use of DEM-based methods. We geo-registered 224 hydrographic gages against the processed network and compared extracted vs. published drainage areas. Drainage areas ranged from 227 to 4,620,000 km2. Median relative error was 4.5%, increasing in smaller basins to 94% in basins %2000 km2. The effective limit of reliability may differ from 2000 km2 across the basin. The drainage direction map and derivative datasets represent an improvement over existing datasets for regional research in the Amazon basin.
    [Show full text]
  • The Portuguese Conquest of the Amazon: Native Networks and Riverine Frontiers (Early Seventeenth Century) 1
    Baywolf Press + Éditions Baywolf Baywolf Press has undertaken appropriate steps to establish rights to use of the material printed herein. Should any party feel its rights have been infringed, kindly contact Baywolf Press. Copyright © 2019 Baywolf Press ~ Éditions Baywolf and The Authors. The moral rights of the authors and of the editor have been asserted. Database rights asserted by Baywolf Press/Éditions Baywolf (maker). Design and layout: © 2019 Baywolf Press/Éditions Baywolf. First English edition (edition of record) completed in December 2019, quality control December 2019, Baywolf Press. For other data, see final colophon (traditional layout, last page of publication). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted or reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any present or future means, conventional, digital, or other, without prior written permission from the publisher, or as permitted herein, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with relevant reprographic rights management entities. Libraries: For lending and archiving purposes this book may be circulated in other bindings. The same, for lending and archiving purposes only, extends to all acquirers, in the paramount interest of preserving human knowledge in the long run. National Library of Canada Cataloguing An appropriate record is available from the National Library of Canada. Cover Image, Centre: José Joaquim Freire (1760–1847), “Prospecto da Villa de Barcellos, an- tigamente Aldeia de Mariuá
    [Show full text]