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Wasa Lake Sensitive Habitat Inventory and Mapping

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Wasa Lake Sensitive Habitat Inventory and Mapping Wasa Lake and Cameron Pond Sensitive Habitat Inventory and Mapping Prepared for: East Kootenay Integrated Lakes Management Partnership Prepared By: Sherri McPherson, Darcy Hlushak, Ian Adams and Mary-Louise Polzin 2nd Draft Report Final Report June 2010 December 2010 Wasa Lake Sensitive Habitat Inventory and Mapping Acknowledgements and Contributors Funding for this project was provided by the following organizations: Columbia Basin Trust, Environmental Initiatives Program; Wasa Lake and Land Improvement District; East Kootenay Integrated Lake Management Partnership; and Regional District of East Kootenay. In-kind contributions for this project were provided by the following organizations: East Kootenay Integrated Lake Management Partnership; BC Ministry of Environment; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; and Wildsight. The following individuals carried out field work for this assessment: Bruce MacDonald, Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Peter Holmes, BC Ministry of Environment; Heather Leschied and Kalista Pruden, Wildsight; Ian Adams, Darcy Hlushak, Sherri McPherson, Mary Louise Polzin and Aden Stewart, Interior Reforestation Co. Ltd.; and, Erica Jensen, Brendan Guy and Eric Heel, BC Conservation Corps. Interior Reforestation would like to acknowledge the following individuals for their technical contributions to this project: Bruce MacDonald and Brad Mason, Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Peter Holmes, BC Ministry of Environment; Karen MacLeod and Andrew McLeod, Regional District of East Kootenay; Jon Bisset, Jim Clarricoates, and Kenton Andreashuk, Canadian Columbia River Inter- Tribal Fisheries Commission (CCRIFC) Susanne Ashmore and Marite Askey, Wasa Lake Land Improvement District; and Jamie Heath, Terrasaurus Ltd. The report was prepared by the following Interior Reforestation Professionals: Sherri McPherson, BSc, RPBio, Aquatics Biologist; Darcy Hlushak, ADGIS, B.Sc., Geomatics Analyst; Ian Adams, MSc, RPBio, Wildlife Biologist; and Mary-Louise Polzin, PhD, RPBio, Ecologist/Riparian Specialist. Suggested Citation: McPherson S., D. Hlushak, Ian Adams and M. Polzin. 2010. Wasa Lake Sensitive Habitat Inventory Mapping. Consultant report prepared for the Wasa Lake Land Improvement District. Prepared by Interior Reforestation Co. Ltd., Cranbrook, BC. Cover photos clockwise from top (Holmes, July 2009): Segment 6, Segment 2 (Robert’s Bay) at the south end of lake, and Segment 7. ii Interior Reforestation Co. Ltd. Wasa Lake Sensitive Habitat Inventory and Mapping Disclaimer The results contained in this report include some data collected by parties other than Interior Reforestation Co. Ltd. (Interior Reforestation), including a fish and wildlife survey and orthophoto delineation. Interior Reforestation and the authors assume that data collected by the other parties are accurate and reliable. Use or reliance upon conclusions made in this report is the responsibility of the party using the information. Neither Interior Reforestation, nor the authors of this report are liable for accidental mistakes, omissions or errors made in its preparation because best attempts were made to verify the accuracy and completeness of data collected and presented. iii Interior Reforestation Co. Ltd. Wasa Lake Sensitive Habitat Inventory and Mapping Executive Summary Wasa Lake and neigbouring Cameron Pond are located in the Southern Interior of British Columbia, north of Cranbrook. The East Kootenay Integrated Lake Management Partnership (EKILMP) commissioned Interior Reforestation to complete the following work for these water bodies: 1) Foreshore Inventory and Mapping (FIM), 2) a Fish and Wildlife (F&W) Assessment, and 3) Shoreline Management Guidelines for Fish and Wildlife Habitats. These three components together comprise this Sensitive Habitat and Inventory Mapping report. The purpose of the FIM project was to provide baseline information on foreshore condition and environmental values. This was achieved by following FIM Standards which included the collection of field data and a literature review of known environmental values. Field reviews were initially completed on Wasa Lake in June 2008 by EKILMP partners, who collected data on foreshore morphology, land use, riparian condition and anthropogenic alterations for the lake. This information was supplemented by Interior Reforestation field reviews in December 2008 during low water levels and May 2010 to also include the neigbouring Cameron Pond. The shoreline of Wasa Lake was determined to be 7,553 m, which was delineated into 10 segments, based on contiguous characteristics. The most prevalent shore types were Sand/Gravel Beach (38%), Vegetated Shore (33%) and Sand Beach (26%). Wetland (3%) and Stream Mouth (<1%) contributed to lesser extents. The foreshore was disturbed along 64% of its length. These disturbances were mainly related to residential land use activities (52%), while some were associated with park recreational uses (8%) as well as other Crown Land usage (4%). In the littoral zone (waters edge to where sunlight could penetrate) and the shoreline zone (water’s edge), the most prevalent modifications were dock placement and beach grooming (conversion to sand beach through sand placement and/or removal of shoreline vegetation). Beach grooming appeared to have particularly large impacts on the foreshore diversity by reducing vegetation (both terrestrial and aquatic) and gravel substrate features. Higher up the foreshore, disturbances to the riparian and upland vegetation areas included conversion to lawns and other landscaping. The natural shoreline sections were mainly in Wasa Lake Provincial Park (23% of total shoreline) and at the south end of the lake (Segment W2) in undeveloped private lands. The shoreline of Cameron Pond (2,483 m) was delineated into 3 segments consisting of Vegetated Shore Type (54%), Wetland Shore (42%) and Stream Mouth (5%). A high proportion of Cameron Pond remained natural (90%). 54% of the shoreline is owned by The Nature Trust with retention of natural values as the key objective. EKILMP conducted fish and wildlife field assessments July 14, 2009 on Wasa Lake proper. Interior Reforestation completed a wildlife assessment on Cameron Pond on May 20, 2010 and a sensitive plant study on June 8, 2010. These data as well as literature review information on species and habitats were used to document the ecological status of the shoreline. The foreshores of Wasa Lake and Cameron Pond were found to be biologically diverse and important to numerous plant, fish and wildlife species. Several sensitive species have been reported to inhabit or potentially inhabit the area, including: one fish species, two ecological plant communities, seven plant species, two invertebrate species, ten bird species, two amphibians and one mammal. As well, there are potentially three sensitive grassland and open forest ecosystems in the area. Maintaining functioning habitats for these species is considered important. An Aquatic Habitat Index (AHI) analysis was used to score and rank each shoreline segment in terms of its biological value. The AHI used numerical data from four categories of parameters: 1) biophysical, 2) Zones of Sensitivity, 3) riparian and 4) modifications. Parameter values were based on their positive or negative contributions to environmental health. Zones of Sensitivity for the project area were determined to be: 1) native fish spawning area, 2) biologically productive area (e.g., rearing habitat for native fish), 3) sensitive plant species, and 4) bird staging area. iv Interior Reforestation Co. Ltd. Wasa Lake Sensitive Habitat Inventory and Mapping Existing Ecological Shore Rankings from the AHI for Wasa Lake were: Very High - 7% (515 m) of shoreline, High – 21% (1572 m), Moderate – 15% (1128 m), Low – 26% (1998 m), Very Low - 31% (2340 m). With restoration (modifications removed), the AHI also determined that six segments would improve by one ranking. Existing Ecological Shore Rankings from the AHI for Cameron Pond were: Very High - 46% (1150 m) of shoreline, High – 26% (657 m), and Moderate – 27% (676 m). There were no Low or Very Low ranked areas for Cameron Pond. Analysis suggested restoration would not increase Cameron Pond shoreline rankings. The Shoreline Management Guidelines were prepared using templates from other lake studies completed in the region, (e.g.,Windermere and Moyie Lake). Segments were colour coded and mapped using the AHI rankings. Appropriate activities for each colour zone were identified. Segments ranked as Very High are coloured Red. These areas are designated for conservation use. Guidelines recommend no development occurs within Very High segments other than very low impact activities. Segments ranked as High are coloured Orange, indicating that they are sensitive to development. An environmental assessment would be required for most activities. Moderately ranked segments are yellow and Low and Very Low are coded as grey shoreline. Although a greater number of activities are permissible in areas with lower ecological value, proper planning is still required to protect environmental values. The information collected will aid government and organizations overseeing foreshore and upland developments. It serves as a benchmark by documenting land use and riparian habitat changes, necessary for the development of regulations, standards, policies and education materials. Several recommended actions are proposed, including: conducting additional species and habitats inventories, addressing modifications, protecting environmentally sensitive areas,
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