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WOODS HOLE LABORATORY REFERENCE DOCUMENT NO. 82-17 Food of Seventeen Species of Northwest Atlantic Fish: Part II, Examination by Year and Listing of Prey Species* by William L. Michaels and Ray E. Bowman tzj AfiPR~VED fOR DISTRIBU1IO~ Jl{JP~ .. '-I'" ................. 'r Q"'::"'lf"IAl) .- ( ~i"~"~UVu'~~~ ):-~i.~ (DA~r .41,·. It"e ...... National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Northeast Fisheries Center Woods Hole Laboratory Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 *This is MARMAP Contribution MED/NEFC 83-03 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .... ii LIST OF TABLES. iii INTRODUCTION and METHODS AND MATERIALS. 1 RESUL TS • • 2 Litt 1 e s ka te 2 Atl anti c cod .3 Haddock. • 4 Silver hake. 5 Pollock. 6- Red hake • 7 Spotted hake .• '.8- Whi te hake • ,9 Ocean pout • 10 Scup • 11 Butterfish 12 Redfi sh. 13 Longhorn sculpin 13 Fo urspo t flounder. 14 Witch flounder 15 American plaice. 16, Yell owta i 1 flounder. 17 DISCUSSION. 18 AC KNOWL EDG~1ENTS 42 LITERATURE CITED. 43 1 . ~ TABLES. • 41 ABSTRACT The stomach contents of 16,631 fish representing 17 species common to Northwest Atlantic continental shelf waters have been analyzed. Fish were collected during annual spring and autumn bottom trawl surveys conducted in offshore waters between Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and Western Nova Scotia for the years 1973-1976. A complete listing of all items identified in the stomachs of each species is presented, and the major organisms taken as prey are emphasized. Considering all predators together relatively few organisms made up a substantial portion of the prey. Crustacean prey such as the mysid Neomysis americana, the euphausiid Meganyctiphanes norvegica, the decapods Crangon septemspinosa, Oichelopandalus leptocerus, Axius serratus, Pandalus borealis, Pasiphaea multidentata, Cancer irroratus, C. borealis, Pagurus acadianus, Hyas coarctatus, Munida iris and various speciesa of amphipods were principal dietary consti­ tuents. Among echinoderms, the sand dollar Echinarachnius parma and the brittle stars Ophiura sarsi and Ophiopholis aculeata predominated as food. Polychaetes were represented mainly by the lumberinerids and spionids (especially Spionphanes bombyx). Fish and squid identifi~d in the stomach contents were mostly American sand lance, Atlantic mackerel, herring, and the long-finned squid, Loligo. Yearly and seasonal differences or similarities in the quantity and type of prey are noted and discussed in conjunction with each species' seasonal distribution patterns. ii LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Listing of all stomach content categories identified for little skate (Raja erinacea) sampled in the Northwest Atlantic during the years 1973-1976. Data are presented as a percentage of the total stomach contents weight, total weight in grams, and number of organisms for each stomach content category. 47 2. Listing of all stomach content categories identified for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) sampled in the Northwest Atlantic during the years 1973-1976. Data are presented as a percentage of the total stomach contents weight, total weight in grams, and number of organisms for each stomach content category. 51 3. Listing of all stomach content categories identified for haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) sampled in the North­ west Atlantic during the years 1973-1976. Data are pre­ sented as a percentage of the total stomach contents weight, total weight in grams, and number of organisms for each stomach content category. 57 4. Listing of all stomach content categories identified for s i 1 ver ha ke (M-er 1 ucc ius bil i neari s) sampled in the North­ west Atlantic during the years 1973-1976. Data are presented as a percentage of the total stomach contents weight, total weight in grams, and number of organisms for each stomach content category. 6~ 5. Listing of all stomach content categories identified for pollock (Pollachius virens) sampled in the Northwest Atlantic during the years 1973-1976. Data are presented as a percentage of the total stomach contents weight, total weight in grams, and number of organisms for each stomach content category. 67 6. Listing of all stomach content categories identified for red hake (Urophycis chuss) sampled in the Northwest Atlantic during the years 1973-1976. Data are presented as a percentage of the total stomach contents weight, total weight in grams, and number of organisms for each stomach content category. ~9 iii LIST OF TABLES (Cont1d) Table 7. Listing of all stomach content categories identified for spotted hake (Urophycis regia) sampled in the Northwest Atlantic during the years 1973-1976. Data are presented as a percentage of the total stomach contents weight, total weight in grams, and number of organisms for each stomach content category. 72 8. Listing of all stomach content categories identified for white hake (Urophycis tenuis) sampled in the Northwest Atlantic during the years 1973-1976. Data are presented as a percentage of the total stomach contents weight, total weight in grams, and number of organisms for each stomach content category. 7~ 9. Listing of all stomach content categories identified for ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus) sampled in the North­ west Atlantic during the years 1973-1976. Data are pre­ sented as a percentage of the total stomach contents weight, total weight in grams, and number of organisms for each stomach content category. 76 10. Listing of all stomach content categories identified for scu p (s tenotomus chryso ps) sampled in-the Northwes t Atlantic during the years 1973-1976. Data are presented as a percentage of the total stomach contents weight, total weight in grams, and number of organisms for each stomach content category. :79 11. Listing of all stomach content categories identified for butterfish (Peprilus triacanthus) sampled in the Northwest Atlantic during the years 1973-1976. Data are presented as a percentage of the total stomach contents weight, total weight in grams, and number of organisms for each stomach content category. 82 12. Listing of all stomach content categories identified for redfish (Sebastes marinus) sampled in the Northwest Atlantic during the years 1973-1976. Data are presented as a percentage of the total stomach contents weight, total weight in grams, and number of organisms for each stomach content category. 84 iv LIST OF TABLES (Cont1d) Table 13. Listing of all stomach content categories~ identified for longhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus) sampled in the Northwest Atlantic during the years 1973-1976. Data are presented as a percentage of the total stomach contents weight, total weight in grams, and number of organisms for each stomach content category. 85 . 14. Listing of all stomach content categories identified for fourspot flounder (Paralichthys oblongus) sampled in the Northwest Atlantic during the years 1973-1976. Data are presented as a percentage of the total stomach contents weight, total weight in grams, and number of organisms for each stomach content category. 88 15. Listing of all stomach content categories identified for witch flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus) sampled in the Northwest Atlantic during the years 1973-1976. Data are presented as a percentage of the total stomach contents weight, total weight in grams, and number of organisms fof each stomach content category. 16. Listing of all stomach content categories identified for American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) sampled in the Northwest Atlantic during the years 1973-1976. Data are presented as a percentage of the total stomach contents weight, total weight in grams, and number of Drganisms for each stomach content category. 93 17. Listing of all stomach content categories identified for yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) sampled in the Northwest Atlantic during the years 1973-1976. Data are presented as a percentage of the totals tomach contents weight, total weight in grams, and number of organisms for each stomach content category. 97 18. Percentage weight of the total stomach contents of major stomach content categories of little skate (Raja erinacea) sampled during the spring and autumn in the Northwest Atlantic for each year from 1973 through 1976~ 10:1 19. Percentage weight of the total stomach contents of major stomach content categories of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) sampled during the spring and autumn in the Northwest Atlantic for each year from 1973 through 1976. 102 v LIST OF TABLES (Cont1d) Table Page 20. Percentage weight of the total stomach contents of major stomach content categories of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) sampled during the spring and autumn in the Northwes t Atl anti c for each year from 1973 th ro ugh 1976 .. 103- 21. Percentage weight of the total stomach contents of major stomach content categories of silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) sampled during the spring and autumn in the Northwest Atlantic for each year from 1973 through 1976 .. 10.4 22. Percentage weight of the total stomach contents of major stomach content categories of pollock (Pollachius virens) sampled during the spring and autumn in the Northwest Atlantic for each year from 1971 through 1976. 10.5 23. Percentage weight of the total stomach contents of major stomach content categories of red hake (Urophycis chuss) sampled during the spring and autumn in the Northwest Atlantic for each year from 1973 through 1976. 106 24. Percentage weight of the total stomach· contents of major stomach content categories of spotted hake (Urophycis regia) sampled during the spring and autumn in the North- west Atlantic for each year from 1973 through 1976. 10.7 25. Percentage weight of the total stomach contents of major stomach content categories of white hake (Urophycis tenuis) sampled during the spring and autumn in the North- west Atlantic for each year from 1973 through 1976. 10.8 26. Percentage weight of the total stomach contents of major stomach content categories of ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus) sampled during the spring and autumn in the Northwest Atlantic for each year from 1973 through 1976. 109 27. Percentage weight of the total stomach contents of major stomach content categories of scup (Stenotomus chrysops) sampled during the spring and autumn in the Northwest Atlantic for each year from 1973 through 1976.
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