Avenge Bobby Sands! Smash H Blockl Troops out Now!
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The Counter-Aesthetics of Republican Prison Writing
Notes Chapter One Introduction: Taoibh Amuigh agus Faoi Ghlas: The Counter-aesthetics of Republican Prison Writing 1. Gerry Adams, “The Fire,” Cage Eleven (Dingle: Brandon, 1990) 37. 2. Ibid., 46. 3. Pat Magee, Gangsters or Guerillas? (Belfast: Beyond the Pale, 2001) v. 4. David Pierce, ed., Introduction, Irish Writing in the Twentieth Century: A Reader (Cork: Cork University Press, 2000) xl. 5. Ibid. 6. Shiela Roberts, “South African Prison Literature,” Ariel 16.2 (Apr. 1985): 61. 7. Michel Foucault, “Power and Strategies,” Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972–1977, ed. Colin Gordon (New York: Pantheon, 1980) 141–2. 8. In “The Eye of Power,” for instance, Foucault argues, “The tendency of Bentham’s thought [in designing prisons such as the famed Panopticon] is archaic in the importance it gives to the gaze.” In Power/ Knowledge 160. 9. Breyten Breytenbach, The True Confessions of an Albino Terrorist (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1983) 147. 10. Ioan Davies, Writers in Prison (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1990) 4. 11. Ibid. 12. William Wordsworth, “Preface to Lyrical Ballads,” The Norton Anthology of English Literature vol. 2A, 7th edition, ed. M. H. Abrams et al. (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000) 250. 13. Gerry Adams, “Inside Story,” Republican News 16 Aug. 1975: 6. 14. Gerry Adams, “Cage Eleven,” Cage Eleven (Dingle: Brandon, 1990) 20. 15. Wordsworth, “Preface” 249. 16. Ibid., 250. 17. Ibid. 18. Terry Eagleton, The Ideology of the Aesthetic (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1990) 27. 19. W. B. Yeats, Essays and Introductions (New York: Macmillan, 1961) 521–2. 20. Bobby Sands, One Day in My Life (Dublin and Cork: Mercier, 1983) 98. -
Thatcher, Northern Ireland and Anglo-Irish Relations, 1979-1990
From ‘as British as Finchley’ to ‘no selfish strategic interest’: Thatcher, Northern Ireland and Anglo-Irish Relations, 1979-1990 Fiona Diane McKelvey, BA (Hons), MRes Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences of Ulster University A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Ulster University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2018 I confirm that the word count of this thesis is less than 100,000 words excluding the title page, contents, acknowledgements, summary or abstract, abbreviations, footnotes, diagrams, maps, illustrations, tables, appendices, and references or bibliography Contents Acknowledgements i Abstract ii Abbreviations iii List of Tables v Introduction An Unrequited Love Affair? Unionism and Conservatism, 1885-1979 1 Research Questions, Contribution to Knowledge, Research Methods, Methodology and Structure of Thesis 1 Playing the Orange Card: Westminster and the Home Rule Crises, 1885-1921 10 The Realm of ‘old unhappy far-off things and battles long ago’: Ulster Unionists at Westminster after 1921 18 ‘For God's sake bring me a large Scotch. What a bloody awful country’: 1950-1974 22 Thatcher on the Road to Number Ten, 1975-1979 26 Conclusion 28 Chapter 1 Jack Lynch, Charles J. Haughey and Margaret Thatcher, 1979-1981 31 'Rise and Follow Charlie': Haughey's Journey from the Backbenches to the Taoiseach's Office 34 The Atkins Talks 40 Haughey’s Search for the ‘glittering prize’ 45 The Haughey-Thatcher Meetings 49 Conclusion 65 Chapter 2 Crisis in Ireland: The Hunger Strikes, 1980-1981 -
Her Majesty's Government
• tl HER MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT MEMBERS OF THE CABINET (FORMED BY RIGHT HON. MARGARET THATCHER, 24:P, SEPTEMBER 1981) E— CRETARY OF STATE FOR THE HOME DEPARTMENT—TheRt. HOD. William Whitelaw, CH, MC, Ise .1441u) CHANCELLOR—The Rt. Hon. The Lord Hailsham of Saint Marylebone, CH OCRETARY OF STATE FOR FOREIGN AND CommoNwEALTH AFFAnts—The Rt. Hon. The Lord Carrington, KCMG, MC OANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER—The Rt. Hon. Sir Geoffrey Howe, QC, MP tiekRETARY OF STATE FOR EDUCATION AND SCIENCE—The Rt. Hon. Sir Keith Joseph, Bt, MP yitORD PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL AND LEADER OF THE HOUSE OFCommoNs—The Rt. HOD. Francis Pym, MC, MP RETARY OF STATE FOR NORTHERN IRELAND—TheRt. HOD. James PriOr, MP rECRETARY OF STATE FOR DEFENCE—The Rt. HOD. John Nott, MP ',MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES ANDFooD—The Rt. Hon. Peter Walker, MBE, MP SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT—The Rt. Hon. Michael Heseltine, MP SECRETARY OF STATE FOR ScoTLAND—The Rt. Hon. George Younger, T.D. MP PCRETARY OF STATE FOR WALEs—The Rt. Hon. Nicholas Edwards, MP PRIVY SEAL—The Rt. Hon. Humphrey Atkins, MP ,ORDCRETARY OF STATE FOR INDUSTRY—The Rt. Hon. Patrick Jenkin, MP tolIrRETARY OF STATE FOR SOCIAL SERVICES—The Rt. Hon. Norman Fowler, MP oncRETARY OF STATE FOR TRADE—The Rt. Hon. John Biffen, IvfP logkRETARY OF STATE FOR ENERGY—The Rt. HOD. Nigel Lawson, MP pitCRETARY OF STATE FOR TRANSPORT—The Rt. Hon. David Howell, MP "oef-DEF SECRETARY TO THE TREASURY—TheRt. Hon. Leon Brittan, QC, MP priANCELLOR OF THE DUCHY OF LANCASTER, AND LEADER OF THE HOUSE OF LoRDs—The Rt. -
Module 2 Questions & Answers
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS LESSON 1 // CIVIL RIGHTS IN NORTHERN IRELAND 1. Which group were formed on 29th January 1967? Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA). 2. Which group formed as a result of an incident on 5th October 1968? People’s Democracy. 3. a) Which act established the Northern Ireland Housing Executive and when was it passed? ry The Housing Executive Act, 25th February 1971. ra Lib ills (c) RTÉ St 3. b) Which act appointed a Boundaries Commissioner and what was their job? The Local Government Boundaries Act. The job of the Boundaries Commissioner was to recommend the boundaries and names of new district councils and ward areas. 4. Why may some members of the Catholic community have been outraged by the incident which resulted in a protest at Caledon on 20th June 1968? Student’s answers should highlight the allocation of a house to a young, single Protestant female ahead of older Catholic families. EXTENSION ACTIVITY 1 The Cameron Report was set up in January 1969 to look into civil disturbances in Northern Ireland. Looking at the key events, which events may have lead to the establishment of the report? Student’s answers should make mention of disturbances which followed the events of the 5th October 1968 and 1st January 1969. EXTENSION ACTIVITY 2 Below is a table which lists the demands of NICRA. Read through the list of reforms/acts and write down the name of the reform/act which addressed each demand. NICRA DEMANDS REFORM / ACT One man, one vote Electoral Law Act An end to gerrymandering – an end to the setting of -
Making a Hasty Brexit? Ministerial Turnover and Its Implications
Making a Hasty Brexit? Ministerial Turnover and Its Implications Jessica R. Adolino, Ph. D. Professor of Political Science James Madison University Draft prepared for presentation at the European Studies Association Annual Meeting May 9-12, 2019, Denver, Colorado Please do not cite or distribute without author’s permission. By almost any measure, since the immediate aftermath of the June 16, 2016 Brexit referendum, the British government has been in a state of chaos. The turmoil began with then- Prime Minister David Cameron’s resignation on June 17 and succession by Theresa May within days of the vote. Subsequently, May’s decision to call a snap election in 2017 and the resulting loss of the Conservatives’ parliamentary majority cast doubt on her leadership and further stirred up dissension in her party’s ranks. Perhaps more telling, and the subject of this paper, is the unprecedented number of ministers1—from both senior and junior ranks—that quit the May government over Brexit-related policy disagreements2. Between June 12, 2017 and April 3, 2019, the government witnessed 45 resignations, with high-profile secretaries of state and departmental ministers stepping down to return to the backbenches. Of these, 34 members of her government, including 9 serving in the Cabinet, departed over issues with some aspect of Brexit, ranging from dissatisfaction with the Prime Minister’s Withdrawal Agreement, to disagreements about the proper role of Parliament, to questions about the legitimacy of the entire Brexit process. All told, Theresa May lost more ministers, and at a more rapid pace, than any other prime minister in modern times. -
Individual Responsibility of Ministers: an Outline of the Issues
The Individual Responsibility of Ministers: An Outline of the Issues Research Paper 96/27 21 February 1996 The individual responsibility of ministers is a vital aspect of accountable and democratic Parliamentary government, yet it is a 'convention' which is difficult to define with certainty and which, to a large degree, depends on the circumstances of each individual case. This Paper seeks to explore, in general terms, the subject as a whole and several interesting examples from the era of Crichel Down in 1954 onwards to illustrate the issue. It does not seek to provide a comprehensive analysis of ministerial responsibility (including collective responsibility) or Parliamentary accountability. Barry K Winetrobe Janet Seaton Home Affairs Section Reference and Reader Services Section House of Commons Library Summary Individual ministerial responsibility is an important if complex constitutional issue. It is often described as a constitutional convention, and this Paper examines its nature in that context, and in relation to collective responsibility and in the light of developments such as the growth of select committees, the development of Next Steps agencies and quangos, and the publication in 1992 of Questions of procedure for Ministers. The nature of individual responsibility in action is described briefly, including aspects short of a ministerial resignation or dismissal. The interesting, if short, debate on ministerial responsibility on 12 February 1996 is considered. A number of modern examples of situations where individual responsibility could be said to have arisen are examined, purely to illustrate various aspects of the 'convention'. It is not intended to be a comprehensive list. It covers significant episodes such as Crichel Down in 1954 (in which Sir David Maxwell Fyfe set out what is often regarded as the classic statement of the traditional doctrine), the Falklands (1982) and Westland (1986), and includes instances where resignation demands were successfully restricted such as Court Line (1975) and the Maze Prison escape (1983). -
Secret Secret
SECRET CUMENT IS THE PROPERTY OF HER BRITANNIC MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT )33rd COPY NO SO usions . CABINET CONCLUSIONS of a Meeting of the Cabinet held at 10 Downing Street on THURSDAY 18 SEPTEMBER 1980 at 10. 30 am PRESENT The Rt Hon Margaret Thatcher MP Prime Minister t Hon William Whitelaw MP The Rt Hon Lord Hailsham tary of State for the Home Department Lord Chancellor .tHon Sir Geoffrey Howe QC MP The Rt Hon Sir Keith Joseph MP ellor of the Exchequer Secretary of State for Industry t Hon Francis Pym MP The Rt Hon Lord Soames tary of State for Defence Lord President of the Council tHon James Prior MP The Rt Hon Sir Ian Gilmour MP tary of State for Employment Lord Privy Seal tHon Michael Heseltine MP The Rt Hon Nicholas Edwards MP tary of State for the Environment Secretary of State for Wales t Hon Humphrey Atkins MP The Rt Hon Patrick Jenkin MP tary of State for Northern Ireland Secretary of State for Social Services tHon Norman St John-Stevas MP The Rt Hon John Nott MP ellor of the Duchy of Lancaster Secretary of State for Trade t Hon Mark Carlisle QC MP The Rt Hon John Biffen MP tary of State for Education and Science Chief Secretary, Treasury The Rt Hon Angus Maude MP Paymaster General -i- SECRET SECRET THE FOLLOWING WERE ALSO PRESENT IHon Lord Mackay of Clashfern QC Sir Ian Percival QC MP ivocate (Item 4) Solicitor General (Item 4) Hon Norman Fowler MP The Rt Hon Michael Jopling MP |r of Transport Parliamentary Secretary, Treasury SECRETARIAT Sir Robert Armstrong Mr M D M Franklin (Items 1, 2 and 4) Mr P Le Chemir.ant (Item 3) Mr R L Wade-Gery (Items 1 and 2) Mr D M Elliott (Item 4) Mr D J L Moore (Item 3) C ONTENTS Subject Page FOREIGN AFFAIRS Poland 1 Turkey 1 Middle East 2 Iran 2 Afghanistan 2 Zimbabwe 2 Canada 2 COMMUNITY AFFAIRS Foreign Affairs Council 3 ii SECRET SECRET Subject Page ECONOMIC AND HOME AFFAIRS Threatened National Dock Strike 5 Welsh Television 5 The Economic Situation 6 Local Authority Expenditure 7 COMMISSION DIRECTIVE UNDER ARTICLE 90 OF THE TREATY OF ROME 8 iii SECRET CONFIDENTIA 1. -
Crown Copyright Catalogue Reference
(c) crown copyright Catalogue Reference:CAB/128/53/32 Image Reference:0001 CM(74) 8th COPY NO Conclusions II CABINET CONCLUSIONS of a Meeting of the Cabinet held at 10 Downing Street on THURSDAY 7 FEBRUARY 1974 at 10. 30 am PRESENT The Rt Hon Edward Heath MP Prime Minister The RtHonLordHailshamofSt Marylebone The Rt Hon Anthony Barber MP Lord Chancellor Chancellor of the Exchequer The Rt Hon William Whitelaw MP The Rt Hon Lord Carrington Secretary of State for Employment Secretary of State for Energy ,! il ,; The Rt Hon Robert Carr MP The Rt Hon James Prior MP Secretary of State for the Home Department Lord President of the Council The Rt Hon Sir Keith Joseph MP The Rt Hon Geoffrey Rippon QC MP Secretary of State for Social Services Secretary of State for the Environment The Rt Hon Margaret Thatcher MP The Rt Hon Gordon Campbell MP Secretary of State for Education and Science Secretary of State for Scotland The Rt Hon Peter Walker MP The Rt Hon John Davies MP Secretary of State for Trade and Industry Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster The Rt Hon Peter Thomas QC MP The Rt Hon Francis Pym MP Secretary of State for Wales / Secretary of State for Northern Ireland The Rt Hon Ian Gilmour MP The Rt Hon Maurice Macmillan MP Secretary of State for Defence Paymaster General The Rt Hon Joseph Godber MP The Rt Hoa Sir Geoffrey Howe QC MP Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Minister for Trade and Consumer Affairs Food (Items 1-7) The Rt Hon Lord Windlesham Lord Privy Seal THE FOLLOWING WERE ALSO PRESENT Mr Tom Boardman MP The Rt Hon Julian Amery MP Chief Secretary, Treasury Minister of State for Foreign and (Items 6-7 ) Commonwealth Affairs (Items 6 - 7) The Rt Hon Humphrey Atkins MP Parliamentary Secretary, Treasury SECRETARIAT I i Sir John Hunt Mr H F T Smith (Item 7) Mr J A Hamilton (Items 4 & 5) Mr D Evans (Item 6) Mr R L Baxter (Items 4:8c 5) CONTENTS Subject i i Page DISSOLUTION OF PARLIAMENT 1 2. -
When Art Becomes Political: an Analysis of Irish Republican Murals 1981 to 2011
Providence College DigitalCommons@Providence History & Classics Undergraduate Theses History & Classics 12-15-2018 When Art Becomes Political: An Analysis of Irish Republican Murals 1981 to 2011 Maura Wester Providence College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/history_undergrad_theses Part of the Cultural History Commons, and the European History Commons Wester, Maura, "When Art Becomes Political: An Analysis of Irish Republican Murals 1981 to 2011" (2018). History & Classics Undergraduate Theses. 6. https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/history_undergrad_theses/6 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History & Classics at DigitalCommons@Providence. It has been accepted for inclusion in History & Classics Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Providence. For more information, please contact [email protected]. When Art Becomes Political: An Analysis of Irish Republican Murals 1981 to 2011 by Maura Wester HIS 490 History Honors Thesis Department of History and Classics Providence College Fall 2018 For my Mom and Dad, who encouraged a love of history and showed me what it means to be Irish-American. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………… 1 Outbreak of The Troubles, First Murals CHAPTER ONE …………………………………………………………………….. 11 1981-1989: The Hunger Strike, Republican Growth and Resilience CHAPTER TWO ……………………………………………………………………. 24 1990-1998: Peace Process and Good Friday Agreement CHAPTER THREE ………………………………………………………………… 38 The 2000s/2010s: Murals Post-Peace Agreement CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………… 59 BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………………… 63 iv 1 INTRODUCTION For nearly thirty years in the late twentieth century, sectarian violence between Irish Catholics and Ulster Protestants plagued Northern Ireland. Referred to as “the Troubles,” the violence officially lasted from 1969, when British troops were deployed to the region, until 1998, when the peace agreement, the Good Friday Agreement, was signed. -
Conflict Theory and Northern Ireland's Troubles
The University of San Francisco USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center Master's Theses Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects Fall 12-16-2011 The aP th to Peace: Conflict Theory and Northern Ireland’s Troubles (1968-1998) Ruairi Wiepking [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.usfca.edu/thes Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, European History Commons, Political History Commons, Political Theory Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Wiepking, Ruairi, "The aP th to Peace: Conflict Theory and Northern Ireland’s Troubles (1968-1998)" (2011). Master's Theses. 13. https://repository.usfca.edu/thes/13 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects at USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Path to Peace: Conflict Theory and Northern Ireland’s Troubles (1968-1998) In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS in INTERNATIONAL STUDIES by Ruairi Wiepking December 2012 UNIVERSITY OF SAN FRANCISCO Under the guidance and approval of the committee, and approval by all the members, this thesis has been accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree. Approved: ________________________________ _____________ Advisor Date ________________________________ _____________ Academic Director Date ________________________________ _____________ Dean of Arts and Sciences Date 1 Table of Contents Page i. Acknowledgements 2 ii. Abstract 3 1. -
The IRA's Hunger Game: Game Theory, Political Bargaining and the Management of the 1980-1981 Hunger Strikes in Northern Ireland
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons CUREJ - College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal College of Arts and Sciences 4-2012 The IRA's Hunger Game: Game Theory, Political Bargaining and the Management of the 1980-1981 Hunger Strikes in Northern Ireland Meghan M. Hussey University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/curej Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Hussey, Meghan M., "The IRA's Hunger Game: Game Theory, Political Bargaining and the Management of the 1980-1981 Hunger Strikes in Northern Ireland" 01 April 2012. CUREJ: College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal, University of Pennsylvania, https://repository.upenn.edu/curej/154. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/curej/154 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The IRA's Hunger Game: Game Theory, Political Bargaining and the Management of the 1980-1981 Hunger Strikes in Northern Ireland Keywords IRA, Northern Ireland, prisons, game theory, hunger strike, political science, ethnic conflict, Ireland, Great Britain, political bargaining, Social Sciences, Political Science, Brendan O'Leary, O'Leary, Brendan Disciplines Political Science This article is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/curej/154 The IRA’s Hunger Game: Game Theory, Political Bargaining and the Management of the 1980-1981 Hunger Strikes in Northern Ireland By, Meghan M. Hussey Advised by: Dr. Brendan O’Leary A Senior Honors Thesis in Political Science The University of Pennsylvania 2012 Acknowledgements I would like to make several acknowledgements of those without which this thesis would not have been possible. First and foremost I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. -
Unionist Concerns & Fears of a United Ireland
Unionist Concerns & Fears of a United Ireland The Need to Protect the Peace Process & Build a Vision for a Shared Island & A United People Senator Mark Daly Based on the recommendation of the Report by the Joint Oireachtas Committee on the Implementation of the Good Friday Agreement ‘Brexit & The Future of Ireland Uniting Ireland & Its People In Peace and Prosperity’ Based on writings and contributions, including those by: Michael Nesbitt - Ulster Unionist Party Leader (2012-2017) Reverend Kyle Paisley Trevor Ringland – Irish International Rugby Player and Co-Chair of the Northern Ireland Conservatives Political Party (2013-2014) Reverend Norman Hamilton – Moderator of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland 2010-11 Unionist Political Representative Raymond McCord - Victims’ Rights Activist Anonymous Protestant/Unionist/Loyalist (PUL) Community member living in Greater Belfast Dr James Wilson – Served in the British Army during the Troubles Conducted Focus Groups with the Independent Orange Order, Loyalist Flute Band, UDR/Irish Regiment Veterans, and the East Belfast Mission at the request of Senator Mark Daly Unionist Fears & Concerns of a United Ireland, The Need to Protect the Peace Process & Build a Vision for a Shared Island & A United People Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Executive Summary 3.0 Identifying Unionist Fears and Concerns of a United Ireland 4.0 Submissions 4.1 Michael Nesbitt -- Ulster Unionist Party Leader (2012-2017) 4.2 Reverend Kyle Paisley 4.3 Trevor Ringland – Irish International Rugby Player and Co-Chair of