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Aimon, Châtelain De Dordogne

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Aimon, Châtelain De Dordogne . \ J. DEPOIN ÉTUDES PRÉPARATOIRES A L'HISTOIRE DES F_,AMILLE-S PALATINES DEUXIÈME FASCICULE IV. Aimon, châtelain de Dordogne. Contribution à l'étude du Roman des Fils Aymon. Texte annoté et commenté de la Chronique de Guitres. Extrait (pour partie) de la Revue des Études historiques. 73e ANNÉE. - 1912 PARIS SECRÉTARIAT DE LA SOCIÉTÉ HISTORIQUE DU VEXIN f DÛ, BOULEVARD SAINT-GERMAIN, 150 1921 Le second fascicule des Études préparatoires à l'Histoire des Familles palatines est offert gracieusement aux membres de la Société Historique du Vexin. La pagination de cette brochure continue celle d'un fascicule antérieur contenant trois autres Études. L'apparition de ce premier fascicule remontant à une époque assez reculée, bon nombre de sociétaires actuels ne le possèdent pas. Ils pourront se le procurer en adressant une somme de deux francs 50 centimes à M. Depoin, secrétaire général de la Société historique du Vexin, 150, boulevard St-Germain, Paris.Vl". MACON, PROTAT FRÈRES, IMPRIMEURS. ÉTUDES PRf~PARATOIRES A L'HISTOIRE DES FA\ULLES PALATINES PREMIÈRE PARTIE Fascicule J (pp. 1-î2). I. La famille de Robert le Fort . II. Le problème de l'origine des comtes de Vexin.............. 13 Ill. Thibaud le Tricheur fut-il bâtard et mourut-il centenaire 1 . 23 Fascicule II (pp. î3-172). IV. Aimon de Paris, châtelain de Dordogne, contribution à l'his- toire du Roman des Fils Aymon ; . 73 I. Observations préliminaires sur le Roman des Quatre fils Aymon et sur la Chronique de Guiires . 73 II. L'abbaye de Guîtres, ses archives et sa Chronique. 83 III. Texte de la Chronique de Guitres : Prologue. 93 Première partie. Fondation de Guîtres par le roi Yon...... 93 Deuxième partie. L'exode d'Aimon de Paris.............. 96 Troisième partie. Restauration de l'église de Guîtres et fon- dation du monastère par les vicomtes Grimoard et Ray- mond de Fronsac ,................... 100 Dotation de l'abbaye de Guîtres.......................... 101 Donation d'une île fameuse par les vicomtes de Fronsac... 103 Privilèges accordés par Seguin, métropolitain de Bordeaux. 104 IV. Remarques sur la rédaction de la Chronique. 106 V. Antiquité de Guîtres et de Fronsac... 113 VI. Le château de Montauban. H î VII. La fondàtion de Mussidan et la réforme de Saii;it-Astier...... 120 VIII. Guillaume de Bordeaux, beau-père d'Ays dé Fronsac........ 133 IX. Les filles du vicomte Ays. i 39 X. Dée de Montignac, femme du vicomte Grimoard. 144 Généalogie des vicomtes de Limoges, des comtes de la Marche et du Périgord au x= siècle..................... 145 192 XI. Les filles du vicomte Grimoard : Alaas, comtesse d'Angou- lême; Amélie, comtesse de Bordeaux et de Périgord. :161 XII. Les comtes de Bordeaux de souche gasconne...... :17:1 XIII. Additions et Retouches. La Chronique de Guitres , . 18:1 L'étymologie de Guîtres................................. :1.82 La Sainte-Chapelle de Guitres............................ 182 Le tombeau d'Yon dans l'île de Ré....................... :183 Les souvenirs de la geste d'Aymon...................... 183 Le relèvement de Saint-Astier.................... :185 Arnaud de Montanceix. Guillaume de Paris............... 186 Ranoul Bompaire ,................ 187 L'origine de Dée de Montignac....................... 188 Agnès, vicomtesse de Fronsac. :189 Le chartrier de Fronsac.............. • . 189 MACON, PROTAT FRÈl\ES, IMPRIMEURS, Etudes préparatoires à l' histoire des f amilles palatines. IV AIMON DE PARTS, CHATELAIN DE DORDOGNE, CONTRIBUTION A L'ÉTUDE DL' ROMAN DES FILS AYMON TEXTE INÉDIT ET CO:\DIENTF. DE LA CHRONIQUE DE GUITRES~ De toutes les chansons de geste, de tous les poèmes épiques que les trouvères ont tirés de la légende de Charlemagne et des Douze Pairs, ou greffés sur elle, l'œuvre la plus répandue est le roman des Quatre fils Aymon. Dès le xrv- siècle, l'image des che• valiers-frères, tous ensemble portés par le bon destrier Bayard, servait de motif d'enseigne à des hôtelleries de Paris et de mainte autre ville de France 1. Leur réputation fut mondiale; en Italie, en Germanie, en Hollande, en Aneleterre , on les chanta. Il n'est pas jusqu'à une Saga islandaise, celle de Magus (Maugis d'Aigremont), qui n'expose leurs aventures. Quand le dernier jongleur eut cessé d'exercer l'art du gai savoir sous les voûtes des salles féodales, quand le ménestrel cher aux nobles dames devint le ménétrier des fêtes bourgeoises, l'impri• merie naissante et l'imagerie encore naïve répandirent à l'envi les éditions illustrées du conte. De nos jours, c'est l'unique survivante 1. La me des Quatre-Fils, à Paris, rappelle une de ces enseignes. Le cheval Bayard et l'épée Flamberge de Renaud de Montauban sont restés longtemps fameux, et nou disons encore, pour " partir en guerre » : mettre Flamberge au vent. Sur la vulg·arisation du roman des Quatre fils Aymon, consulter notamment le début de l'étude si documentée de M. Auguste LoNGNOX (Revue des Questions histo• riques, LXXV, 1879, 1" semestre), et le mémoire de Francisque MICHEL:De la popu• larité du roman des Quatre fils Aymon et de ses causes (Actes de l'Académie de Bor• deaux, IV \1842), pp. 53-126). Une analyse du poème est donnée par Léon GAUTIER (Épopées [rençnises, III, 190-2\0J et par Paulin PARIS (Hist. littéreire de la France, XXII, 667-700). 74 AIMON DE PARIS [59] des épopées militaires moyenâgeuses que l'éventaire du colporteur exhibe dans les foires de l'Auvergne ou du Limousin. L'ère du succès n'est pas close pour elle car le crayon de Robida vient, il y a quatre ans à peine, de la revivifier dans une édition populaire 2. La geste ou, comme on disait au temps de Louis XI, le Conte des Quatre- fils Aymon remonte, dans sa rédaction versifiée, à une époque voisine du règne de saint Louis, si l'on en juge par le plus ancien des manuscrits qui nous l'ont transmise 3, celui de Mont• pellier t. Quant à la version en prose, attribuée sans fondement à Charles V, elle est visiblement plus récente : cette sorte de tra• duction nous ramène à la première moitié du xvs siècle, d'après le style et l'écriture des manuscrits conservés à la Bihliothèque natio• nale. C'est une analyse quasi littérale dont les chapitres débutent volontiers par : « Or, nous dit le conte ... )) A son tour, elle a été refondue et modernisée pour fournir le texte imprimé dans l'incu• nable de HSO, puis dans celui, richement illustré, de 1497. L'auteur du conte ( ou pour mieux dire, de sa plus ancienne expression poétique) proteste que ce n'en est pas un : 2. Les Quafre fils Aymon, d'après la première édition imprimée (1480), illustrations de A. Houms , étude par Pierre SALES; 2 vol. à 95 cent., libr. moderne Maurice Bauche, Paris, 1908. - Voir, sur les éditions des Quatre fils Aymon, Léon GAUTIER, Bibliographie des chansons de geste, p. 159, et, sur les manuscrits, ses Épopées fran• çaises, I, 2'<2; II, 450, 552-554, 603-604; sur les imitations italiennes, ibid., 392. - Les plus anciennes éditions étrangères sont : en italien, 1474; en anglais, 1489; en alle• mand, 1~35; en hollandais, 1602. Le conte a même été traduit en breton. 3. Il y a cinq manuscrits de la chanson connus, un à Montpellier, Venise, Cambridge, et deux à Paris. Le premier est le plus ancien et le plus complet. Voir l'étude de M. Pierre SALES (introduction à l'édition de 1908). La reproduction la plus étendue du roman de Renaud de Montauban ou des Quatre fils Aymon, sous sa forme poétique primitive, a été donnée par Henri M1cHE1,ANT au tome LX VII de la Bibliothek des Litterarischen Vereins in Stuttgart (1862, in-S"). CASTETS a donné, en 1893; une édition critique de Maugis d'Aigremont. 4. Et aussi par certains détails du texte. Ainsi Saint-Victor, construit sous Louis VI, est regardé comme une église assez ancienne pour qu'on admette que l'ar• chevêque Turpin y ait chanté la messe, Il y eut bien un célèbre Saint-Victor caro• lingien, mais ... à Marseille. - La captivité du roi Thomas, prisonnier des Sarrazins après la prise de Jérusalem, dénote une confusion de faits qui suppose quelque éloignement. Thomas est un roi d'Arménie de race française, probablement fils d'un second mariage contracté avec la sœur du roi Thoros l", par Enguerran III de Coucy, croisé en 1147. Thomas a régné de 1168 à 11i0 et fut, en effet, chassé par- le chef des Musulmans, Nour-eddin, [.~O] CHATELAIN DE DORDOGNE 75 Barons, oés canchon de qrant nobilité : Toute est de vraie estoire, sans point de fausseté ... A Saint-Denis en France, que De» a tant emé, La trouva en un roulle 5 ••• Vaine prétention. La lecture de quelques pages du conte suffit à montrer que l'Ile de France ne fut pas son berceau. Les chansons de geste de source française dépeignent Charlemagne comme un monarque vénéré, d'une indomptable bravoure, d'un grand cœur et d'une salomonienne sagesse. Étrange est le contraste qu'offre avec ce portrait celui que trace le chantre des Fils Aimon. Nerveux, brutal, irascible, fourbe, déloyal, qualifié même « le Cruel », et par surcroît, sot au point de se laisser berner, surprendre, emprisonner, dépouiller de ses armes et de ses trésors, faible jusqu'à céder sans cesse à ses pairs, qu'il outrage pour fléchir bientôt devant leurs menaces, ou se rallier à des conseils presque tutoriaux qu'ils opposent à ses bravades, tel est le pitoyable empereur, le Charle• magne de caricature que, tour à tour ou même simultanément, servent et combattent les frères et les fils d'Aimon ; seul, Aimon lui reste fidèle envers et contre tous, refusant toute aide à ses frères et à ses fils, jusqu'au moment où son suzerain lui demande l'impossible et s'en prend à lui-même.
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