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Madhya Pradesh State (pop., 2008 est.: 69,279,000), central India. Madhya Pradesh, in its present form, came into existence on November 1,2000 following its bifurcation to create a new state of Chhattisgarh. The undivided Madhya Pradesh was founded on November 1, 1956.Madhya Pradesh, because of its central location in India, has remained a crucible of historical currents from North, South, East and West. Population (Census 2001) 60348 (In Thousand) Male 31444 ( ‐‐"‐‐ ) Female 28904 ( ‐‐"‐‐ ) Scheduled Tribes (Census 1991) 12,233 (In Thousand) (19.94 %) Scheduled Castes (Census 1991) 91,55,(In Thousand) (15.40 %) Area (in sq. kms.) 308,000 Districts 50 Tehasils 272 Development Blocks 313 Total villages 55,393 Populated villages 52,143 Gram Panchayats 23,051 Literacy 64.1 percent Male 76.5 percent Female 50.6 percent Density of Population 196 per sq. kms. Male‐Female Ratio 920 : 933 A number of festivals are celebrated in Madhya Pradesh. An important tribal festival is Bhagoriya marked by traditional gaiety and enthusiasm. Shivratri is celebrated in Khajuraho, Bhojpur, Pachmarhi and Ujjain and has its own local flavour while Ramnavami festival at Chitrkoot and Orchha has a unique sense of devotion imbued with tradition. Festivals of Orchha, Malwa, Pachmarhi bring to the fore, repertoire of culture and art of the people. Tansen Music Festival, Gwalior, Ustad Allauddin Khan Music Festival of Maihar, Kalidas Samaroh, Ujjain and Festival of Dances at Khajuraho are some of the well known art festivals of Madhya Pradesh. TOURIST CENTRES Perfectly preserved medieval cities, refreshing and enchanting wildlife sanctuaries and some of the holiest and most revered pilgrim centres offer to the tourist the most fulfilling experience. Tranquil beauty of Pachmarhi, glittering splendour of Marble Rocks and roaring sound of Dhuandhar Fall at Bhedaghat, Kanha National Park, with its unique Barasingha and Bandhavgarh National Park with its prehistoric caves and wildlife are some of the major attractions of the state. Gwalior, Mandu, Datia, Chanderi, Jabalpur, Orchha, Raisen, Sanchi, Vidisha, Udaygiri, Bhimbetika, Indore and Bhopal are the places well‐known for their historical monuments. Maheshwar, Omkareshwar, Ujjain, Chitrakoot and Amarkantak are major centres of pilgrimages. Unique temples of Khajuraho are famous all over the world. The temples of Orchha, Bhojpur and Udaypur attract large number of Tourists as well as pilgrims. Archaeological treasures are preserved in the museums at Satna, Sanchi, Vidisha, Gwalior, Indore, Mandsaur, Ujjain, Rajgarh, Bhopal, Jabalpur, Rewa and may other places. Shri Rameshwar Thakur, Governor Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan, Chief Minister Cabinet Ministers Department R.No. District In Phone No. Address VS/PA/ Charge Mantralaya Residence Vidhansabha PS General 2441581 Shri Harish Shri Shivraj Administration, 2442231 2441033 Shri Prashant Singh Narmada Valley 2735876 2440241 2441096 Shyamla Shri Chouhan, Development, 501 ‐ 2442241 2440242 2551396 Hills Shrivastava Chief Aviation and 2660322 257623 (fax) 2441781 Shri Santosh Minister other 2540500 (Fax) Sharma Department Shri Babulal Urban Gaur, Administration Minister and 2441578 Shri 2550631 Development, 2761555 B‐6, 74 Shrivastava 514 Harda 2441584 2440258 Bhopal Gas 2775611 Bunglows Shri Yadav 2441583 Tragedy Relief 2775586 Shri Kamal and Rehabilitation Finance, Planning, Economics and Shri 2430726 2440267 Shri Gupta Statistics, 20 B‐19, Raghawji, 213 Indore 2441340 2441060 2441719 Shri points Char Imali Minister (Fax) 2467943 Raghuvanshi Implementation, Commercial Taxes Water Shri Jayant 2554366 Resources, Gwalior, B‐27, 74 Shri Mahipal Mallayya, 538 2441784 2675388 2440258 Housing and Tikamgarh Bunglows Shri Rajendra Minister 2440553 Environment Commerce & Industries, Employment, Information Technology, 2441161 Shri Chouhan Shri Kailash Science and 2578540 B‐10, 74 Shri Paliwal Vijayvargiya, 519 Sagar 2441061 2440246 Technology, 2441161 Bunglows Shri Minister Public (Fax) Kamleshwar Undertakings, Horticulture & Food Processing, Rural Industries Social Justice, 2661271 B‐4, Civil Shri Kukreti Shri Gopal Panchayat and Damoh, 2441156 Lines, Shri Rawat Bhargawa, 539 2441017 2440251 Rural Panna 2763536 Professor Shri Minister Development 4253922 Colony Bhargava Public Health and Family Welfare, Ayush, Shri Anoop Medical Shri Moti 2441086 B‐4, 74 Mishra, Education, 545 Bhopal 2441362 2440247 Shri Sharma 2766342 Bunglows Minister Public Shri Deepak Grievances, Bio Diversity/Bio Technology Vidhayak Shri Dilip Shri Sartaj Vishram Kayse 2512419 2418662 Singh Forest 513 Betul ‐ Grah Shri Suresh 4252390 2550492 Minister Parisar, Dubey Vindhya Shri Namdev Kothi Shri Parliamentary Narottam Jabalpur, Affairs, Law & 544 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Mishra Dhar Legislative Minister Kunwar Vijay Tribal and 5, 2441532 Shah Scheduled Caste 516 Ujjain 2441075 2523182 Shyamla ‐ 2441163 Minister Welfare Hills Shri Singh Shri Jagdeesh 2441324 C‐5, 74 Shri Devda, Transport, Jail 517 Dewas, Guna 2441006 2523165 2553090 Bunglows Shrivastava Minister Shri Dahare Animal husbandry, Shri Ajay Fisheries, Dindori, Vishnoi 534 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Backward & Rewa Minister Minority Welfare Dept. Technical Education & Training, Higher Shri Education, 2761585 Laxmikant Sehore, B‐11, 74 Shri Culture, Public 228 2441128 2441695 2440258 Sharma, Shajapur Bunglow Bhargava Relation, 2441693 Minister Religious Trusts and Endowments Shri Kashana Nagendra Public Work 2730929 Bunglows Shri Bathre Singh 440 Umaria 2441171 2440271 Department 2730927 Karwala Shri Rawat Nagaud, road Minister Smt. Archana Srhi Vaishya School Khargone, 2760188 B‐20, 74 Chitnis, 536 2441479 2523155 Shri Saxena Education Barwani 2441247 Bunglows Minister Shri Thakur Shri 2440736 Jagannath Mandla, B‐11, Labour 542 2441361 2552108 ‐ Shri Nigam Singh Seoni Char Imali 2552107 Minister Dr. Farmer welfare 2441380 B‐3, Ramkrishna Shri Dubey and Agriculture 543 Sidhi, Katni 2441438 2761594 2523175 Shyamla Kusmariya Shri Patel Development 2430620 Hills Minister Shri B‐28, 2776580 Gourishankar Public Health Swami Chhindwara, 2775611 Chaturbhuj Engineering, 534 2441377 ‐ Dayanand Shri Vanraj Narsinghpur 2579717 Bisen Cooperatives Nagar, 74 2574900 Minister Bunglows ‐ Shri Shri Tourism, Sports Nemichand Tukojirao 2441073 2430876 E‐9 H/2, and Youth 520 Datia 2440257 Jain Puar, 2441018 2431555 Char Imli Welfare Shri Vijay Minister Singh Shri Sharma Shri Karan B‐2, Revenue, Raisen, 4251476 Shri Singh Verma 537 2441016 2523152 Shyamla Rehabilitation Vidisha 2660607 Shrivastava Minister Hils Shri Herawal Shri Ratlam, 2440303 E‐22, 45 Umashankar Home 518 2441006 ‐ ‐ Rajgarh 2441384 Bunglows Gupta State Ministers District In Mantra_ Vidhan VS/PA/ Department R.No. Res. Address Independent Charge) Charge laya sabha PS Shri Paras Food, Civil Chandra Jain, Supplies and Mandsaur, 2430847 B‐20, Shri Buade 145 2677533 2440261 State Consumer Neemach 2430848 Char Imli Shri Solanki Minister Protection Mrs. Ranjna Woman and Shri Rawat Baghel Khandwa, 2443234 B‐13, 74 Child 65 2441018 ‐ Shri State Burhanpur 2552030 Bunglow Development Kashiram Minister Shri Naresh Pal Shri Rajendra Shri Atul Engergy, Shukla Singrauli, 2430865 B‐9, Char Mishra Mineral 535 2441190 2523180 State Satana 2441208 Imali Shri Mayank Resources Minister Shroti Shri Anand Bhatt District In Mantra_ Vidhan VS/PA/ State Ministers Department R.No. Res. Address Charge laya sabha PS Shri Narayan Singh Transportation, Shivpuri, 2431022 B‐4, char Kushwaha, 435 2441171 2523174 Shri Biraule Jail & Home Bhind 2431033 Imli State Minister Shri General Shri Kanhaiyalal Administration, Morena, 2554757 B‐26, 74 Budhwani Agrawal Narmada Valley 449 2441018 2523181 Sheopur 2430457 Bunglow Shri State Development, Raghuwanshi Minister Aviation Vidhayak Vishram Shri Grah Harishankar Tribal and 2677533 2671024 Khand‐1, Shri Dixit Khatik Scheduled Caste 64 Chhatarpur 2676526 2523171 2671046 R.N.‐42‐ Shri Pandey State Welfare 2676826 43 Minister B‐25, 74 Bunglow Shri Devsingh Panchayat and C‐18, Sayam 2441228 Shri Gaur Rural 327 Shahdol 2441016 ‐ Shivaji State 2558775 Shri Santosh Development Nagar Minister Shri Brijendra Farmer welfare 2441068 B‐20. Pratap Singh and Agriculture 65 Hoshangabad 2441814 2523170 ‐ 2441688 Char Imli State Development Minister Vidhyak Shri Jaysingh Vishram Maravi Forest, Revenue 97 Anuppur 2512583 2440583 2523159 Grah ‐ State Room No. Minister 60‐61 Public Health and Family Shri Welfare, Mahendra Medical Jhabua, Hardia 129 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Education, Alirajpur State Ayush, Technical Minister Education & Training, Shri Vidhyak Nanabhau Vishram School 2441243 ‐ Mohod 144 Balaghat 2441176 2523179 Grah ‐ Education 2431955 State Room No. Minister 92‐93 Shri Urban Manohar Administration Untwal 112 Ashok Nagar ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ and State Development, Minister It is bordered by the states of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat. Occupying an area of 119,016 sq mi (308,252 sq km), it is India’s second largest state. Its capital is Bhopal. It is the source of some of the most important rivers of India, including the Narmada, the Tapti (Tapi), the Mahanadi, and the Wainganga. It was part of the Mauryan empire of the 4th–3rd centuries bce and was ruled by numerous other dynasties. Under Muslim control from the 11th century ce, it was annexed by the Mughal Empire in the 16th century. It was under Maratha rule by 1760 and passed to the British early in the 19th century. The state was formed after India gained its independence in 1947; its boundaries were altered in 1956. In 2000 the eastern portion of the state
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    Gupta Empire In Ancient India, the Gupta Dynasty ruled the mid-to-late 3rd century (approximately) to 543 AD. Founded by Sri Gupta, the dynasty rose to fame with rulers like Chandragupta-I, Samudragupta, etc. An important topic in the History syllabus, it is also important for the IAS Exam. This article will provide you with useful notes on the Gupta Empire. These notes will also be useful for other competitive exams like banking PO, SSC, state civil services exams, and so on. Origin of Gupta Empire The decline of the Mauryan empire resulted in the rise of two major political powers - the Kushanas and the Satavahanas in the north and south respectively. Both these empires brought political unity and economic growth in their respective areas. The Kushan reign in north India came to an end around c.230 CE and then a good part of central India came under the domain of the Murundas (possible kinsmen of the Kushanas). The Murundas ruled for only 25 - 30 years. Around the last decade of the 3rd century CE (about 275 CE), the dynasty of the Guptas came to power. The Gupta empire established its control over a good part of the former dominions of both the Kushanas and the Satavahanas. The Guptas (possibly Vaishyas) kept northern India politically united for more than a century (335 CE- 455 CE). • The Guptas are believed to have been feudatories of the Kushanas. • The original kingdom of the Guptas comprised Uttar Pradesh and Bihar with their centre of power at Prayag (U.P). • The Guptas set up their rule over the fertile plains of the Madhyadesha, also known as Anuganga (the middle Gangetic basin), Saketa (U.P Ayodhya), Prayag (U.P) and Magadha (mostly Bihar).
  • The Hephthalites: Archaeological and Historical Analysis

    The Hephthalites: Archaeological and Historical Analysis

    THE HEPHTHALITES: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS Written by AYDOGDY KURBANOV PhD thesis submitted to the Department of History and Cultural Studies of the Free University, Berlin 2010 Supervisors: PD Dr. N. Boroffka Prof. Dr. R. Bernbeck Members of Commission: Prof. Dr. S. Hansen Prof. Dr. S. Pollock Dr. H.-J. Nüsse The date of the examination: 12.02.2010 TO MY PARENTS “The information coming from remote countries and foreign languages are subject to corruption and misunderstanding and, moreover, concerning very ancient time. So we do not know what is certain. (Thus) it is impossible to decide (the origin of the Hephthalites)” Wei Jie (7th century AD) C O N T E N T S 1. Introduction 2. Research history and methodic problems 2.1. Research history 2.2. Methodic problems 3. Archaeological sites and materials 4. Numismatics 5. Written sources 6. A history of the Hephthalites 6.1. Origins 6.2. Military history & wars 6.3. Socio-political structure and state 6.4. Linguistics 6.5. Religion 6.6. Change of ethnic identity Literature Illustrations ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people have helped me during the work on my PhD thesis. I would like to thank first of all PD Dr. N. Boroffka for enormous help in editing and proofreading the draft version, for his patience and comments, and Prof. R. Bernbeck who helped to bring this work into its current form. I am very grateful to Prof. S. Hansen for his advice and particularly for the conditions of work in the Eurasia Department of the German Archaeological Institute, which offered me good possibilities to finish this thesis.
  • Daily Current Affairs MCQ's with Explanation

    Daily Current Affairs MCQ's with Explanation

    ● Northeast: Uttar Pradesh ● Southeast: Chhattisgarh ● South: Maharashtra ● Southwest: Gujarat ● Northwest: Rajasthan Some interesting Facts ● After Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh is the second largest state in India by area. ● After India’s independence, Madhya Pradesh was formed with Nagpur as its capital. However, in 1956 the state was reorganized and Bhopal became its new capital. ● The Khajuraho monuments are an epitome of breath-taking sculptures and elegance. The sculptures depict the artful and erotic expressions of the various sexual practices of the time. ● The Caves of Bhimbetka is a collection of 600 caves and is considered one of the oldest cave collections in India. ● The City of Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh is known as ‘The City of Temples’ because it’s home to some of India’s most popular temples. ● Bandhavgarh is home to some of the exotic wildlife creatures that are difficult to spot in other parts of India. (The most famous ones are white tigers besides for the wide variety of birds, mammals, butterflies, and reptiles. Bandhavgarh had also been the hunting ground for the ancient Kings.) ● Madhya Pradesh is considered as the state with the largest strength of tribals in India. ● Situated at the Bhedaghat, marble rocks are an area along the Narmada river near the city of Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh. ● Home to Buddhist Stupas, the town of Sanchi is synonymous with the Buddhist Philosophy. The Stupas of Sanchi were constructed on the orders of Emperor Ashoka the Great. About ● Capital (राजधानी )-Bhopal ● C.M (मुख्यमंत्री)- Shivraj singh Chauhan ● Governor (राज्यपाल)-Lalji Tandon ● Formation (ननमााण)-1 November 1956 ● Total Area (कुल क्षेत्रफल)- 308,252 km2 (119,017 sq mi)(Rank-2nd) ● Population (जनसंख्या)- 72,626,809(Rank-5th) ● Density (घनत्व)- 240/km2 (610/sq mi) ● Literacy Rate (साक्षरता दर )(%)- 69.32% ● Sex Ratio- 931 (F)/1000(M) ● Number of Districts (नजल )ं - 52 ● High Court- Madhya Pradesh High Court (Mr.