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Pangani Basin Water Board1 1 Panganipanganipangani Basin Basinbasin Water Waterwater Board Boardboard1 IUCN WATER AND NATURE INITIATIVE IUCNIUCNIUCN WATER WATERWATER AND ANDAND NATURE NATURENATURE INITIATIVE INITIATIVEINITIATIVE PANGANI BASIN WATER BOARD1 1 PANGANIPANGANIPANGANI BASIN BASINBASIN WATER WATERWATER BOARD BOARDBOARD1 Basin Delineation Report Basin Delineation Report PANGANI RIVER BASIN FLOW ASSESSMENT Basin Delineation Report nd Pangani Basin: A FinalSituation Report Analysis (2 nd Edition) Pangani Basin: A Situation Analysis (2 Edition) J.PANGANI King, C. Brown, J. Turpie,RIVER B. Clark, BASIN A. Duffel-G raham,FLOW G. Lugomela, ASSESSMENT H. Sadiki, B. L. Benno, A. Hepelwa, L. T Kaaya, D Salum, L. Lukambuzi, E. Mate ru, Felix Peter, S. Kamugisha, F. Mahay and H. Beuster Basin Delineation20092009 Report January 2008 Final Report J. King, C. Brown, J. Turpie, B. Clark, A. Duffel-Graham, G. Lugomela, H. Sadiki, B. L. Benno, A. Hepelwa, L. T Kaaya, D Salum, L. Lukambuzi, E. Materu, Felix Peter, S. Kamugisha, F. Mahay and H. Beuster 1 1 As of 2010, As of Pangani 2010, Pangani Basin Basin Water Water Office Office is known is known as as Pangani Pangani Basin Basin WaterWater Board 1 As of 2010, Pangani Basin Water Office is known as Pangani JanuaryBasin Water Board2008 1 As of 2010, Pangani Basin Water Office is known as Pangani Basin Water Board Coast Development Authority Pangani Basin: A Situation Analysis (2nd Edition) Pangani Basin: A Situation Analysis (2nd Edition) IUCN Eastern and Southern Africa Programme 2009 i Published by: Copyright: © 2009 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Naturals Resources This publication may be produced in whole or part and in any form for education or non-profit uses, without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. IUCN would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication which uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or other commercial purpose without the prior written permission of IUCN. Citation: IUCN Eastern and Southern Africa Programme, 2009. The Pangani River Basin: A Situation Analysis, 2nd Edition, xii + 82pp. ISBN: 978-2-8317-1186-7 Design and layout: Gordon O. Arara Printed by: Colourprint Ltd. Photo 1: The summit of Mount Kilimanjaro; Photo 2: Forest stand at Shire 1 Njoro; Photo 3: Gate controlling the release of water into irrigation furrows; Photo 4: Children swimming in an irrigation reservoir; Photo 5: Sisal plantations; Photo 6: Irrigated rice scheme; Photo 7: Water gauging station 2 3 4 at Chemka Spring; Photo 8: Vandalized gate controlling the release of water into irrigation furrows; Photo 9: Dam wall at Nyumba ya Mungu Reservoir 5 (color changes mark the declining water levels); Photo 10: A vendor sells water from a borehole. 6 9 10 Photos 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9 copyright 2003 Kelly West; Photos 2, 7 copyright 2002 Kim Geheb; Photos 4, 10 copyright 2003 Ger Bergkamp. 7 8 Available from: IUCN - ESARO Publications Service Unit, P. O. Box 68200 - 00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Telephone ++ 254 20 890605-12; Fax ++ 254 20 890615; E-mail: [email protected] The designations of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the participating organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions expressed by the authors in this publication do not necessarily represent the view of PBWO, CDA, WANI or IUCN. ii Contents Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................................v Preface..............................................................................................................................................vii Executive summary ........................................................................................................................viii A Introduction to the Pangani River Basin Situation Analysis ..................................................1 A.1 An overview of the Pangani River Basin .................................................................................1 A.2 Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) .........................................................................5 A.3 The Water and Nature Initiative (WANI) .................................................................................6 A.4 Situation Analysis: objectives and outputs ..............................................................................7 A.5 Data sources ...........................................................................................................................7 A.6 Situation Analysis Structure ....................................................................................................8 B The Pangani River Basin’s natural resources ..........................................................................9 B.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................9 B.2 Basin forests ...........................................................................................................................9 B.3 Water and wetlands ..............................................................................................................15 B.4 Protected areas .....................................................................................................................18 B.5 Biodiversity and conservation ...............................................................................................19 B.6 Fisheries................................................................................................................................22 B.7 Soils ......................................................................................................................................22 B.8 Summary of points ...............................................................................................................22 C The socio-economy of the Pangani River Basin ....................................................................24 C.1 Overview ...............................................................................................................................24 C.2 Industrial interests ................................................................................................................26 C.3 Farming interests ..................................................................................................................26 C.4 Pastoralist interests ..............................................................................................................29 C.5 Urban interests .....................................................................................................................30 C.6 Interventions by NGOs and international organisations in the PRB .....................................30 C.7 Conflict..................................................................................................................................32 C.8 Summary of points................................................................................................................38 D Natural Resource Management in the Pangani River Basin.................................................45 D.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................45 D.2 Government management, Legislation and policy ...............................................................45 D.3 Community-level administration ...........................................................................................50 D.4 Transboundary basin management ......................................................................................53 D.5 Data collection and monitoring .............................................................................................54 D.6 Summary of points................................................................................................................54 E Pangani River Basin problems and issues .............................................................................56 E.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................56 E.2 Problems and issues of the PRB ..........................................................................................56 E.3 Priority areas for Action.........................................................................................................60 F Conclusions ...............................................................................................................................62 F.1 Synthesis of findings .............................................................................................................62 G References ................................................................................................................................ 66 iii H Appendix 1: Smaller basins included in the administrative Pangani Basin .......................74 H.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................74 H.2 The Umba River Catchment .................................................................................................74 H.3 The Zigi River Catchment ...................................................................................................75
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