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Maine Wildlands Network Vision

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Maine Wildlands Network Vision MAINE WILDLANDS NETWORK VISION A Scientific Approach to Conservation Planning in Maine WILDLANDS PROJECT WE ARE AMBITIOUS. We live for the day when grizzlies in Chihuahua have an unbroken connection to grizzlies in Alaska; when wolf populations are restored from Mexico to the Yukon to Maine; when vast forests and flowing prairies again thrive and support their full range of native plants and animals; when humans dwell on the land with respect, humility, and affection. Toward this end, the Wildlands Project is working to restore and protect the natural heritage of North America. Through advocacy, education, scientific consultation, and cooperation with many partners, we are designing and helping create systems of interconnected wilderness areas that can sustain the diversity of life. MAINE WILDLAN DS NETWORK VISION A Scientific Approach to Conservation Planning in Maine June 2002 Robert Long Paula MacKay Conrad Reining Barbara Dugelby Kathy Daly WILDLANDS PROJECT reconnect restore rewild For additional information contact Wildlands Project P.O. Box 455 Richmond, VT 05477 802/434-4077 [email protected] www.wildlandsproject.org © 2002 by the Wildlands Project. Cover illustration © Dennis Logsdon. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A great many people made the Maine Wildlands Network Vision possible. We would first like to thank those who wrote sections of the document or otherwise made significant contributions to it*: Julia Ambagis, Judy Bond, Karen Beazley, Jonathan Carter, Todd Cummings, Kristin DeBoer, Kathleen Fitzgerald, Michael Kellett, Tom Lee, Peter Quinby, Jym St. Pierre, Cheryl Veary, Peter Williams, and George Wuerthner. We would also like to thank the many people who reviewed drafts of this plan: Tom Butler, John Davis, Bart DeWolf, Mike DiNunzio, Dave Foreman, John Gallo, Steve Gatewood, Harvey Locke, Chris McGrory Klyza, Leanne Klyza Linck, Reed Noss, David Publicover, Peter Quinby, Justina Ray, Michael Soulé, Steve Trombulak, Ken Vance-Borland, and George Wuerthner. This project was also greatly influenced by the products and work of many other organizations. We would especially like to thank Sky Island Alliance, Conservation Science, Inc., Conservation Biology Institute, BC Wild, and the Southern Rockies Ecosystem Project for their valuable contributions. We would also like to thank the Wildlands Project’s board members, Greater Laurentian Wildlands Project Advisory Committee members, and the participants in a Maine Wildlands Network design workshop held at the University of Maine in March, 1998, all of whom contributed directly or indirectly to this proposal. Finally we wish to thank the many organizations that provided monetary support for this work including Ben & Jerry’s Foundation, Boston Foundation, EnTrust Fund, Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., Fine Family Foundation, Foundation For Deep Ecology, Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation, Kendall Foundation, Norcross Wildlife Foundation, Orchard Foundation, Patagonia, Rockwood Fund, and Sweet Water Trust. * Contributors do not necessarily endorse the views or opinions expressed throughout the document. Many contributors were solicited to write specific sections of the document, but were not involved in other sections. Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY MAINE WILDLANDS NETWORK VISION.................................................................................1 I. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................3 Wildlands Network Design: From Science to On-The-Ground Protection..................................................................................3 The Natural Heritage of Maine ....................................................................................................................................................4 Forest Management History .........................................................................................................................................................7 The “Mega-easement” Phenomenon .............................................................................................................................................8 The Status of Conservation in Maine ............................................................................................................................................8 II. ECOLOGICAL WOUNDS....................................................................................................................................................13 III. MISSION, GOALS, AND OBJECTIVES.............................................................................................................................24 Mission of the Maine Wildlands Network..................................................................................................................................25 Goals of the Maine Wildlands Network.....................................................................................................................................25 Objectives of the Maine Wildlands Network .............................................................................................................................25 IV. WILDLANDS NETWORK DESIGN APPROACH ...........................................................................................................27 Rewilding...................................................................................................................................................................................27 Core, Linkage, Compatible-Use Area Model...............................................................................................................................28 Core Wild Areas.........................................................................................................................................................................28 Wildlife Linkages .......................................................................................................................................................................29 Study Areas.................................................................................................................................................................................30 Three-track Wildlands Network Design Methodology ..............................................................................................................30 Assumptions and Limitations.....................................................................................................................................................31 V. FOCAL SPECIES PLANNING...............................................................................................................................................34 Focal Species Categories for the Maine Wildlands Network.......................................................................................................34 Focal Species Selection................................................................................................................................................................35 Summary of Profiled Species.......................................................................................................................................................37 VI. CONSERVATION AREA SELECTION PROCESS ...........................................................................................................38 The SITES Selection Algorithm .................................................................................................................................................38 Model Output.............................................................................................................................................................................39 Data Layers.................................................................................................................................................................................40 Element Target Levels for SITES Analysis..................................................................................................................................48 SITES Selection Results..............................................................................................................................................................48 VII. WILDLANDS NETWORK DESIGN ..................................................................................................................................53 Core Wild Area Delineation.......................................................................................................................................................54 Wildlife Linkage Delineation.....................................................................................................................................................54 VIII. NETWORK DESIGN SUMMARY AND EVALUATION..............................................................................................56 Network Summary and Spatial Statistics....................................................................................................................................56 Focal Species and Special Elements.............................................................................................................................................62 Vegetation and Land Cover.........................................................................................................................................................63
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