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rt- y Cpmmrodon /// THE MAGAZINE OP THE HONOURABLE SOCIETY OF CYMMRODORION VOL. XLIII. LONDON : ISSUED BY THE SOCIETT, NEW STONE BUILDINGS, 64, CHANCERY LANE. 1932. Devizes Printf.d by George Simpson & Co., Devizes, Ltd C O N T E N T S PAGE The Croes Nawdd. By Edward Owen, M.A. 1 Goronwy Owen and the College of William and Mary. By B. Bowen Thomas, M.A. 19 Some R^cords of the Free Grammar School of Deythur, in the County of Montgomery, 1690-1900. By Colney Campbell . 37 Noë, King of Powys. By P. C. Bartrum, B.A. 53 A Sequel to the French tnvasion of Pembrokeshire. By David Salmon . 62 Welsh Surnames in the Border Counties of Wales. By T. E. Morris, LL.M., M.A. 93 Tabulated Lists of Names . following 173 The Editor welcomes the free expression in these pages of genuine opinions on any matters of interest relating to Waäes its modern developments as well as its ancient history— but disclaims responsibility alike for the opinions themselves, and for the manner in whioh they are expressed. tommrnfrnr Vol. XLIII. " Oared doeth yr encilion." 19o2 £0e £roee Qtan+ By EDWARD OWBN, M.A., Iìeader in Welsh Mediceoal Antiguities at the Unersity of Lerpool. The production of the following document through the medium of cold print would at any time find justification in the inherent interest of the to it subject which relates ; but some such treatment has become imperative by reason of the chances and changes which have befallen both original and its transcript. These circumstances not only the of this article are of explain present appearance ; they such a nature as to call for a fairly lengthy recital of small details which would otherwise be as impertinent as it would be unnecessary. However, I can only apologise for the personal note, and get on with my story. About half a — — century ago certainly nearer fifty years than forty and soon after my introduction to the Public Record Office, my curiosity was excited by an entry in one of the now obsolete manuscript catalogues of the documents belonging to the Exchequer branch of legal " records. The entry ran as follows : Repairs, &c, of the Jewel called the Cross of Saint Neots on which the Ivings of Scotland were sworn, 26 Edw. III." I was already acquainted with the notices in several of the English chronicles to a jewelled relic containing a portion of the cross upon which the Saviour of mankind had suffered uhich had been found upon the body of Llewelyn ap B 2 The Croes Naiüdd. Gruffydd, the last Prince of Wales, killed near Buüth on the llth December, 1281. My interest being aroused, I I foimd applied in the usual manner for the document. it to be endorsed in the same manner as quoted above, the entry in the catalogue having doubtless been taken from the endorsement without further examination of the document itself. A little later I came to the con- clusion from a comparison of handwritings that the endorsement was written by Mr. Charles Devon, who, in. the earlier part of the 19th century, was an official in the records branch of the then Court of Exchequer. The original document turned out to be a short roll of two or three membranes sewed together, very faded, and damaged in places. I made as good a transcript of it as I was then capable of, but this would have been sadly incomplete had I not obtained the kind assistance of the Superintendent of the Literary Search Room, Mr. E. Salisbury, who was then regarded as being one of the ablest of the P.R.O. staff, and who has been some years deceased. With Mr. Salisbury's help I got through my task with, I hope, tolerable success. At that time, how- ever, I had no medium open to me through which such a document could so the aside appear ; transcript was put amongst a rapidly accumulating stock of similar historical material. Many years afterwards—perhaps four or five years after the opening of the present century—the transcript came to the surface, and its general interest having re- curred to me, I determined upon publishing it in some historical or but before so I antiquarian journal ; doing thought it desirable to trace the later history of the relic to which it related, and if possible to discover its final fate. With this idea in mind I took my transcript to the Public Record Office, and there submitted it to my friend and frequent fellow worker, the late Professor Tout, who The Croes Naiüdd. 3 was then just commencing his researches into the Ward- robe accounts. Tout was much interested, especially in m)T suggestion that the endorsement 011 the document was inaccurate and possibly had led astray a generation or of students and a short time later he handed me an two ; extract relating to the Croes Nawdd which he had taken from one of the accounts with which he was then dealing. This extract I have before me as I write these words, and it will be given a little later on in this paper. In addition to this I managed to add a few scraps of information to the meagre collection I had been able to of the ultimate of the relic I draw together ; but disposal could gather nothing. How it came to pass that this seeond opportunity of putting the document into print was allowed to slip by I cannot now recollect. Suffice it to say that such was the case. For another period of about a quarter of a century the transcript was put away, and it was not until about twelve months ago that it turned up once more. This time I there no further determined should be procrastination ; Itní again T thought it desirable to refresh my memory with a sight of the original. Alas, I had delayed too long. Something had happened to the document in consequence of which it could not now be produced. A fresh arrangement of this class of records had been carried out, and by an un- fortunate mishap the clue to the new location or reference had not been appended to the entry in the earlier calendar. With the extremely careful methods of deposit and distri- bution in operation at the Public Eecord Office, and the of the entire staff it is almost meticulous vigilance , impos- sible to imagine that the document has been abstracted or destroyed. It has probably no more than changed its quar- ters, but it has omitted to leave its present address behind it. In the immense collection of separate documents and the somewhat bewildering method of classification now in b 2 4 The Croes Nawdd. use in Fetter Lane the chances of finding a record which has gone astray are about parallel with the proverbial needle and the proverbial haystack. It has certainly dis- " appeared— it may be for years or it may be for ever ", and it is only by the remotest chance, veritably one in ten thousand, that it will again come to light in the lifetime of anyone now living. Under such circumstances it has " to be charitably treated as not lost, but gone before ". In the meantime my transcript holds the field as the only existing record of its special and particular content : and herein lies the importance of putting it and all similar historical documents into print, when, whatever their defects of omission (if damaged) or commission (if tran- scripts, e.g., the transcript of the lost Ked Book of St. Asaph), they will at any rate be saved from utter oblivion. For these reasons, and for the purpose of recording within the limits of a single article everything that relates to, or is even remotely connected with, the Croes Nawdd, " the insertion here of a note entitled The Pageant and " The ('rii.c Neoti printed in the Eoraan Catholic organ The Tablet of the 17th June, 1911 (p.921), will, it is hoped, be deemed not wholly irrelevant. The plea for the almost complete inclusion of this note in the present article is strengthened by the fact that it contains a brightly written if not altogether accnrate recital of the historical rvidence for the existence and fate of the Welsh Cross, and also because il is the authority for much of the detail relating to the Croes Nawdd recorded in the Kev. Dr. Hartwell Jones's able and exhaustive volume entitled ' " Celtic Britain and the Pilgrim Movement (Hon. Soc. Cymmrodorion, 1912). * 1 In addition to tho historical dctails, Dr. Hartwell Jones has included all thc references to fche Cross iu Welsh niediaîyal poetry, thou^li it is not clear that the inrocations or allusions to a cross made by fche Welsh hanls are directed to the particular cross which is the suhjoct of tlie present paper. T The Croes A aivdd. 5 The Tabìct article of the 17th June, 1911, is directly concerned with an episode in the series of scenes entitled The Festival of [the British] Empire held in the grounds of the Crystal Palace in the coronation year of the present King : it runs as follows : — The great Festiral of Empire at fche Crystal Palace has so far attracted curiously little attention in the Press. Even the Pageant of London has been overshado\ved by the greater Pageant that is to come, and in these busy days of preparation for the Coronation the newspapers have little space to spare for anything which does not relate directly to tlie crowning of the King.