Powered by 2016 | EN

www.rutronik.com Powered by 1 Infineon_EN.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 297.00 mm);13. Sep 2016 15:23:38

Sensing the world

Infineon integrated magnetic and pressure sensor ICs Worldwide leading technologies and product portfolio

As the technology leader, we provide highly We support our customers in achieving the innovative sensor ICs based on an excellent highest ASIL on system level by providing technology portfolio – Hall, AMR, GMR ISO 26262 products and documentation. and TMR.

Infineon integrated magnetic and pressure sensors. Worldwide leading technologies and product portfolio. More than 4,000,000,000 units shipped.

Innovative low-power 3D magnetic sensor We continue our growth with a variety of new for industrial, consumer and automotive products, such as cost-effective Hall switches applications. for consumer or 5V Hall switches for automotive and industrial applications.

www.infineon.com/sensors FCI_EN.pdf;S: 1;Format:(72.00 x 297.00 mm);13. Sep 2016 15:04:19

POWERING Dear readers, THE FUTURE OF The market for sensors and measuring systems will grow faster in the future than it has in the past. Key developments such as Industry TECHNOLOGY 4.0, the Internet of Things, and Smart Cities rely on the widespread Visit our booth at Electronica use of sensors. In the future, they will be the main source of informa- Munich 2016 and learn more tion for a variety of processes throughout production, logistics, and about our latest products daily life. Several spatially distributed sensors will be necessary to HALL and solutions. provide accurate measuring information, thus placing high demands on flexible, reliable, and low-maintenance application. Date: 8-11 November 2016 B3 Venue: Messe München Stand 541 These developments require completely new solutions and concepts. Editorial Needless to say, energy self-sufficient, wireless sensor networks will become increasingly important. End users will be able to carry out measuring activities using cost-effective, low-maintenance sensor nodes distributed throughout a given space for greater flexibility. In BarGuide® Connector this case, the following applies: More is better! In other words, it is possible to monitor flows of resources, energy consumption levels, Olfa Kanoun wear, and many other parameters.

The actual measuring systems bring together the latest technology from the fields of low-power wireless communication, low-cost sensory resources, and intelligent energy management. Current research SheerPwr™ Circular Connector is focusing on self-networking systems with minimum installation effort. High availability and long lifetime are achieved as a result of each node absorbing energy from its immediate environment, passively or actively, e.g. via solar cells, thermal energy converters or vibration converters. If necessary, a wireless energy transmission system can be actively connected to the sensor node. BarKlip® Connector System This offers numerous advantages: Sensors can be positioned flexibly to achieve the best possible measuring results without being restricted by cables. In contrast to battery-powered nodes, memory capacity is unlimited, hazardous waste is not a topic, and batteries do not have to be constantly maintained, making this solution a very attractive option when a network is composed of a large number of sensor nodes. Installing and removing nodes from the network PwrMAX® CCoonnectnnector SSyysstteemm requires a minimum amount of configuration that can also be carried out automatically.

It is possible to assess an enormous volume of data, while a large number of ideally positioned sensor nodes continue to work in the background. They provide a reliable source of information – and this acts as the basis for every good decision! The same also applies to cooperation with the distributor. That is one of the reasons why this eHPCE™ EnEnhanchanced HPCE® CoConnectnnector issue of „Rutroniker“ is again packed with information about the latest developments – not just in the sensor industry. We hope you enjoy reading it.

Olfa Kanoun WITH Prof. Dr.-Ing. Olfa Kanoun holds the Chair of Measurement and Sen- sor Technology at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informa- tion Technology at Chemnitz University of Technology. The focus of her research are energy-autonomous sensors, the impedance spectro- For more information please contact: scopy, nanocomposit sensors and the energy storage diagnosis. FCI Deutschland GmbH Tel.: +49 (0) 6171 / 886 0 | Fax: +49 (0) 6171 / 886 111 Email: [email protected] www.fci.com www.rutronik.comwww.rutronik.com Powered by 3 Powered by 3

Editorial 3

Current|News In The EMEA Region: Rutronik Becomes Europe-Wide Intel Distributor 6 „Platinum Level Distributor“: Rutronik Distinguished by Keystone 6

Content Franchise Agreement now also Covers the EMEA Region: Rutronik and Pulse Electronics Expand their Partnership 8 rutroniker 2016 Rutronik24: e-Commerce with New Dimensions 8 SDRAM Memory: Rutronik and Nanya Sign Franchise Contract 9 Logistics: New Warehouse and Logistics Center in Austin, Texas 10 „Distributor of the Year 2016“: SEGGER Nominates Rutronik 10 High-Quality Sensors and Sensor Solutions: Rutronik Becomes Global Distributor for Sensirion 11 „Fastest Growing European Distributor 2015“: Amphenol FCI Awards Rutronik 12 Again Named „European Distributor of the Year“: After 2014 also 2015 – Diodes Honors Rutronik 12 Rechargeable Batteries: Rutronik to be Distributor for Samsung SDI 13 The Focus: a Car Designed as a Work of Art – Rutronik Donates for Young Cardiac Patients 14

Exclusive|Interview of the Week

with Thomas Rudel, CEO Rutronik: Designing the Turnaround! 16

Topic of the Week|Electromechanical Thermal Management: Effective Heat Management Made Easy 18 Connectors: Robust Connections 23 Input Systems: Spoiled for Choice 26

Main Topic |Embedded Industrial Strength Components: High-precision AOI Systems with NVMe Memory Solution 28 Semiconductor with Integrated EtherCAT: Communication in Hard Real Time 30 Flash Memory: All NANDs are not the Same 32

4 Powered by www.rutronik.com Lumberg_EN.PDF;S: 1;Format:(112.00 x 297.00 mm);13. Sep 2016 15:38:26 1606 Rutroniker Anzeige_EN 24.05.2016 14:47 Seite 1

Focus Displays: OLED: Endless Possibilities 36 Sensors: Research Cooperation Project on the TU Chemnitz and IK Elektronik GmbH 38 Wireless: IoT SoCs and SoMs: One-Chip Wonder 42 Passive Components: Multilayer Ceramic Chip Capacitors: Determing Capacitance Values Correctly 44 Passive Components: Opportunities of Miniaturization 46 Displays: High Contrast, High Viewing Angles 49

Connectors: USB Type-CTM – One for All 50 Sensor Technologies: Measuring the GAS Flow Exactly – Even in Confined Spaces 52 Communication: Wireless Technologies for IoT Networks 54 Encryption Technologies: The Key to Security 56 Wireless Standards: What is Smart about a Smart Home? 58 Connector diversity [discovering] Batteries: Now Complete Product Portfolio for Battery Management Systems 60

Top-Focus |Disruptive Technologies Printed circuit board connectors with Disruptive Technologies: insulation displacement technology, Quark Featuring Pattern Matching and Sensor Hub 64 pitch 1.27 mm Augmented Reality: Industrial Doping 67 Circular connectors according to IEC, IP40/IP68, up to 14 poles, 360°-shielding RAST connectors, pitch 2.5/5.0 mm Main Topic |Power Capacitors: Supercaps – a Replacement for Batteries? 70 World First: Digitally Controlled Hybrid Energy Storage System 74 High-current Inductors: Greater Performance and Micromodul™ Power Efficiency wit a Smaller Footprint 76

Special|Automotive Autonomous Driving is Set to be Marketable by 2025: Innovative Sensor Technology for Autonomous Driving 78 The 48V Electrical System: A Higher Voltage Level 82 Circular connectors

e-compact|Last Minute Product Support for Purchasing and Development 86

Flag, Index of Advertisers 90

www.lumberg.com Stand: B2 207 www.rutronik.com Powered by 5 Current News

In the EMEA Region Rutronik Becomes Europe-Wide Intel Distributor s of now, Rutronik Elektro- Anische Bauelemente GmbH is an Embedded Distributor for Intel in the EMEA region. The distribution agreement covers the entire Intel product range, excluding the former Altera products. Rutronik and Intel officially sealed their distribution agreement at the Embedded World event, making Rutronik an Embedded Dis- tributor for Intel throughout the entire EMEA region. Rutronik as such primarily addresses the industrial market. The distributor is incorporating Intel‘s entire product range in its portfolio, excluding at present the former Altera products, which are still being distributed via the existing channels. With the Quark®, Atom® and Core® processors, mainboards, solid state drives, and software and security solutions from Intel, “As a leading company in the semiconductor segment, Intel is a visionary in many ways. Rutronik is able to offer con- We very much look forward to our partnership – especially given that our strategy that we are pursuing sistent and scalable solutions for with Rutronik SMART and Rutronik EMBEDDED, is in line with Intel‘s focus on the Internet of Things. its customers‘ data processing This provides us with a superb foundation for our partnership,” explained Andreas Mangler, chains. ■ Director Strategic Marketing & Communications at Rutronik. (right in the picture).

„Platinum Level Distributor“ Rutronik Distinguished by Keystone eystone Electronics has awar- cated product sampling. „The pro- Kded Rutronik Elektronische Photo: Rutronik ducts can be used in practically all Bauelemente GmbH the title of applications, and their quality ‚Platinum Level Distributor 2015‘. is outstanding,“ says Martin This is Keystone‘s recognition of Unsoeld, Senior Marketing Mana- Rutronik as its largest distributor ger at Rutronik for relays, batte- in Europe, as well as of the above ries, fuses, switches and thermo- average growth rates that Rutronik management. This is not the first has been able to achieve. time that Keystone has recognized Rutronik has been distributing Rutronik in this way. „In the course Keystone components in Europe of our cooperation, Rutronik has for around 25 years, in which ca- been able to achieve success after pacity it distributes the entire pro- success, not only in respect of product range of battery holders for duct quantities and the customer all common makes of battery, in- base, but also by expanding the terconnect hardware and retaining range and the number of sales devices such as fuse holders, test Rutronik maintains more than datasheet for each item, providing channels,“ adds Antoine Chauchat, points, terminals, standoffs, spa- 5000 Keystone articles on its customers with the shortest pos- Commercial Director at Keystone cers, jacks and many more. Rutronik24.com platform, with a sible delivery times and uncompli- EMEA. ■

6 Powered by www.rutronik.com Rohm_EN.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 297.00 mm);14. Sep 2016 09:10:53

HIGH VOLTAGE DC/DC CONVERTER ICs

n High Voltage nnHigh Reliability Ultra-High Efficiency

ROHM provides a complete line-up of High Voltage DC/DC-Converter ICs. In addition to the just released BD9G341, ROHM offers other solutions like BD9G101, with internal high-side 42V Power MOSFET, providing 0,5A DC output with small SOT23 package.

BD9G341 Features

• Wide input voltage range: 12V to 76V (80V max.) • Output current: up to 3A • High efficiency under light and heavy load conditions

BD9G101 Features Tiny 6-pin SOT23 SSOP6 package!

• VIN = 6V to 42V • VOUT = 1V to 0,7 VCC * Typical Application Circuit • IOUT = 500mA • Switching Frequency = 1,5MHz • Under Voltage Lockout (UVLO), Thermal Shutdown (TSP), Over Current (OCP) Protection • ENABLE pin • Operating Temperature of -40 ˚C to +105 ˚C

ROHM‘s DC/DC-Converter-ICs are built for Power supplies, Industrial Distributed applications, Automotive, Battery Powered Equipment

Technology for you Sense it Light it Power it ! www.rohm.com/eu Current News

Franchise Agreement now also Covers the EMEA Region Rutronik and Pulse Electronics Expand their Partnership utronik Elektronische Bauele- Rmente GmbH and Pulse Elec- tronics have expanded their franchise agreement, which previously encompassed Germany and France, but with immediate effect now also covers the EMEA region (Europe, Middle East, Africa). Rutronik has been a Pulse Elec- tronics distributor since as far back as 2003, with the franchise encom- passing all products from the Po- wer, Wireless Infrastructure and Network User business units. This franchise focuses on discrete LAN modules as well as sockets with integrated LAN modules, as well as power inductors, common mode chokes, AC/DC and DC/DC From left to right: converters for switch-mode power Stefan Sutalo, Marketing Director for Passive Components at Rutronik; Gökhan Ersoy, Senior Marketing Manager for Inductors supplies, gate drive transformers, at Rutronik; Grahame Lockey, Distribution Sales Manager/Sales Manager Europe – Network Users BU at Pulse Electronics; Benedikt Keijer, Key Account Manager, Network Users BU at Pulse Electronics; current sensors and Rogowski Elaine Baxter, General Manager, Power BU at Pulse Electronics. coils. Photo: Rutronik Rutronik also distributes antennas as embedded, internal, these innovative components, Manager for Inductors & Timing plained Grahame Lockey, Distri- external and outdoor models for which offer compelling value for Devices at Rutronik. bution Sales Manager at Pulse wi-fi, Zigbee, ISM and GPS. money. They can receive samples “In Rutronik, we have found a Electronics. “Our common goal is These products are primarily tar- within a very short time, and also distribution partner that can genu- to reach a broader customer base geted at the industrial and auto- benefit from outstanding com- inely reach all of our target custo- and to be able to offer the custo- motive markets. “We are pleased mercial and technical support mers in Europe – something which mer technical and commercial so- to now be able to offer all of our from Pulse Electronics,” said Rutronik has already proven in its lutions of the highest standards by customers in the EMEA region Gökhan Ersoy, Senior Marketing existing franchise territories,” ex- way of design-in support.” ■

Rutronik24 e-commerce in New Dimensions t rutronik24.com, Rutronik Aoffers a modular online shop with more than one million articles spanning the entire spectrum of electronic components. Continuously further developed and optimized functions and services make Rutronik24 the one- stop procurement and research resource for all developers and pro- curers. The intelligent search algorithms and extensive parameteri-

8 Powered by www.rutronik.com KOA_EN.pdf;S: 1;Format:(53.00 x 297.00 mm);13. Sep 2016 15:31:06

Current News

SDRAM Memory Metal Plate Rutronik and Nanya Power Shunts Sign Franchise Contract 140A (AEC-Q200) anya Technology Corpora- Ntion. and Rutronik Elektroni- sche Bauelemente GmbH have concluded a Europe-wide franchise contract, that covers the entire Nanya product portfolio of SDRAM memory. Nanya develops, produces and distributes standard and mobile PSJ2 PSG4 SDRAM memory. The Taiwanese manufacturer is specifically target- Features Jean-Louis Freart, Stephan Fiege, ing the automotive and industry Managing Director, Line Manager Nanya, Rutronik: • 0.5 mΩ (10 W) & 1 mΩ (8 W) markets with its 30nm and 42nm Nanya Technology Europe GmbH: • 4 and 2 terminal configurations technologies. The 30nm techno- „Additional „With its strength in the we can now extend • AEC-Q200 qualified logy offers customers cost and per- automotive and industrial markets, our portfolio for the • Excellent long-term stability formance benefits such as multi- Rutronik is an ideal fit for us.“ automotive segment.” and pulse withstanding chip compatibility. For automotive performance applications, Nanya offers a com- • Size 3920 (PSJ2) prehensive range of high quality timized for low power applications. Nanya, we have now completed and 2725 (PSG4) automotive-spec products up to They are available in a broad range our embedded memory portfolio“, • Robust copper terminations 105°C. „With its strength in the au- of form factors (FBGA, MCP, PoP, says Stephan Fiege, Linemanager tomotive and industrial markets, and KGD for SiP). Nanya’s multi- of Rutronik. „Additional we can Rutronik is an ideal fit for us and chip-package (MCP) products now extend our portfolio for the Applications will support Nanya in order to gain combine various memory techno- automotive segment.” • High current automotive a greater share, of these markets in logies, such as single-level-cell Nanya is ISO 9001 and ISO/TS applications (ECU, EPS, Europe, Jean-Louis Freart, Mana- (SLC) NAND Flash with mobile 16949 certified and meets high motor control, EV/HEV) ging Director of Nanya Techno- DRAM, in a small package. DDR quality standards through strict • DC / DC converter logy Europe GmbH, explains. SDRAM from Nanya is as well traceability with regard to docu- • Inverter power supplies The Nanya portfolio includes used in application like set top bo- mentation, raw materials, process • Frequency converters DDR, DDR2, DDR3 and DDR4 xes, cash systems, security cameras environment and monitoring as • Intelligent power modules memory. The mobile devices (LP- and embedded computer boards. well as measurement and testing DDR, LPDDR2, LPDDR3) are op- „With the SDRAM solutions from requirements. ■

zation of each individual component are unique and allow you to find the components you require quickly. The comprehensive PCN database displays any PCNs directly while you are selecting the 2016 products in the shop. In addition, the mass quotation tool allows you to convert your own parts lists (BOM) into Messe München, November 08 – 11, 2016 a Rutronik24 article list via upload, which you can then use to order all the selected articles conveniently – at your latest personalized prices and terms of delivery of course. In the password-protected procurement section, each customer can view his open and past orders including real-time tracking, his Europe GmbH offers and contracts, article lists, buffer stocks, Kaddenbusch 6 consignment warehouses, and traceability in- D-25578 Dägeling/Itzehoe formation. ■ Phone +49(0)4821/8989-0 [email protected] www.rutronik.com Powered by 9 http://www.koaeurope.de Current News

Logistics New Warehouse and Logistics Center in Austin, Texas he Rutronik Elektronische TBauelemente GmbH warehouse in the USA is now fully up and running. Seated in Austin, Te- xas, it serves as the central distribution center for Rutronik customers in the USA, Canada and Mexico. The new warehouse and logistics center based in Austin has sufficient capacity to fully supply

Das neue Rutronik Lager- und Logistikzentrum in Austin/Texas ist mit den Lägern in Europa und Asien vernetzt für global durchgängige, effiziente Prozesse.

both legacy and new customers. It Thus, Rutronik can ship all com- ded our best expectations. We have maps all processes of the Euro- ponents efficiently on a world- not only convinced the majority of pean central warehouse based in wide basis, and do so with the our global customers to also con- Ispringen, Germany. These were shortest-possible delivery times duct their American business with brought into line with state-of the- and transit channels. us, we have also gained numerous art technology during the new Rutronik began its sales opera- new local customers and franchi- warehouse construction in 2014 to tion in North America with the ses that align with our supplier enable orders to be processed even headquarters located in Cleveland, linecard in EMEA. Now, with our faster. All global warehouses ac- Ohio, in April 2015. Beforehand, warehouse implementation, we cess the same IT system and are deliveries were carried out from can provide our customers with a networked to each other, ensuring the European central warehouse best-in-class quality service“, ex- Globally uniform processes a seamless support and supply for and logistics hub in Asia. „Our plained Jeff Shafer, Vice President facilitate training in Austin, Texas. the customers across borders. start in the USA has clearly excee- North America. ■

„Distributor of the Year 2016“ SEGGER Nominates Rutronik n recognition of its exceptional Marketing at SEGGER Micro- gramming tools, the entire design Irevenue and growth perfor- controller. flow is covered. „The highly-in- mance, Rutronik Elektronische Rutronik has been a global tegrated development tools from Bauelemente GmbH has received SEGGER distribution partner for SEGGER provide developers the „Distributor of the Year 2016“ over ten years. After focusing ini- with the best quality and local award from SEGGER Microcon- tially on the J-Link debug probe, support at outstanding prices. The troller GmbH & Co. KG. Rutronik now supplies the entire tools and components are also „Rutronik is our solution pro- SEGGER product range, which straightforward to use – It simply vider – customers expect compre- provides answers to all the chal- works! Consequently, SEGGER hensive and professional service lenges faced by embedded de- is the focus partner for Rutronik from a single source. This is pre- velopers. With IDE SEGGER in the area of hardware and soft- cisely what sets our partnership Embedded Studio, the leading de- ware development tools as well as apart and what the Rutronik Team bug probe J-Link, the high-per- middleware for embedded sys- has demonstrated in impressive formance RTOS and a compre- tems,“ explains Finn Boëtius, Pro- style. Congratulations!“ says hensive family of middleware as duct Sales Manager Microcontrol- Harald Schober, Director Sales well as the Flasher range of pro- ler at Rutronik. ■

10 Powered by www.rutronik.com Seger_EN.pdf;S: 1;Format:(72.00 x 297.00 mm);14. Sep 2016 09:27:17

Current News

High-quality Sensors and Sensor Solutions Rutronik Becomes The Embedded Experts Global Distributor for Sensirion

++ C Development Tools

J Debug Probes

RTOS

ith effect from 1st of No- also be able to offer these to our Wvember 2015, Rutronik customers in the future,“ ex- Elektronische Bauelemente plained Martin Grimmer, Senior File System GmbH will be serving as a global Marketing Manager Analog & distributor for Sensirion. In doing Sensors at Rutronik. Sensirion‘s so, Rutronik is further developing humidity and temperature sensors its extensive sensor portfolio and output a digital, fully calibrated si- supporting Sensirion in its global gnal and are recognizable by their Compression sales and support operations for high long-term stability. They are high-quality sensors and sensor deployed in a wide range of appli- solutions. cations, with the fastest growth The global franchise agreement currently being observed in the includes the Sensirion humidity IoT (Internet of Things) market. Connectivity and temperature sensors, differen- Their low energy consumption tial pressure sensors and mass flow meters. „With Rutronik, we offer our customers the best service IoT/Security while also meeting the growing requirements of forward-looking markets for increased efficiency and performance,“ explained Christian Constantin, Distribution User Interface Channel Manager at Sensirion. The manufacturer‘s sensors are based on CMOSens® technology, Sensirion Differential pressure sensors in a 5 x 8 x 5 mm small housing which enables the fusion of the In-Field-Upgrades sensor element and analog and di- makes them ideally suited to re- gital analysis technology in a sin- mote-controlled and mobile appli- gle CMOS silicon chip. The result cations. The differential pressure is a sensor chip that enables cost- sensors and mass flow meters are Production effective, high-precision and reli- used to precisely gauge gas flows Programmer able detection of physical parame- and form the basis for the correct ters. “Sensirion‘s SHTxx series of control of burner controllers, hea- humidity and temperature sensors ting, ventilation and air conditio- have established themselves as a ning systems, and medical appli- genuine market standard with their cations. Other target markets of high integration capability and the Sensirion sensors include small construction size. This is home appliance, automotive, con- It simply works! why we are glad that we will now sumer electronics. ■ www.rutronik.com www.segger.com Current News

„Fastest Growing European Distributor 2015“ Amphenol FCI Awards Rutronics This is the fourth time in suc- Amphenol FCI. However, the cession that Rutronik has received company will continue to operate this award. In 2015, the broadliner independently as an Amphenol di- Rutronik achieved a double-figure vision, and will therefore remain percentage increase in turnover. a reliable partner for achieving The biggest growth markets in- common growth targets. cluded German, Italy, the United Rutronik has been supplying Kingdom, Poland and Switzer- the entire FCI product range to the land. „The fact that Rutronik yet European market since 2009. Key again ranks as our highest-turn- products include wire-to-board over distributor shows that this and board-to-board connectors, partner has an unusually compe- input / output connectors (sub-D, tent and enthusiastic team and a USB, mod-jacks), FFC/FPC plugs very dense sales network, and that as well as power and high-speed serves to provide our business with connectors. Here, the focus is steady, long-term growth,“ ex- mainly on the automotive, indus- plains Tobias Bischoff, Distribu- trial, lighting, medical, consumer tion Key Account Manager EMEA and datacom markets. Left to right: Michael Clarner, Distribution Sales Director EMEA (Amphenol-FCI), at Amphenol FCI. This is all the „Currently, the greatest de- Tobias Bischoff, Distribution Key Account Manager (Amphenol-FCI), more important in view of the fact mand is for board-to-board and Danijel Corko, Product Area Manager for connectors and cables (Rutronik), Harun Ilhan, Product Sales Manager (Rutronik). that turnover via the distribution wire-to-board connectors. Espe- Photo: Rutronik industry accounts for over 50% of cially in the car infotainment area sales for FCI in Europe. and in lighting applications, mphenol FCI has presented connector specialist acknowledges Rutronik and FCI have been Amphenol FCI can offer a large Athe award ‚Fastest Growing Rutronik‘s efforts in achieving the cooperating for over 15 years. number of innovative products,“ European Distributor 2015‘ to highest percentage turnover in- Since being taken over by Amphe- points out Danijel Corko, Product Rutronik Elektronische Bauele- crease of all its pan-European dis- nol in January 2016, FCI now Area Manager for connectors and mente GmbH. With this award, the tribution partners. operates under the new name of cables at Rutronik. ■

Again Named “European Distributor of the Year” After 2014 also 2015: Diodes Honors Rutronik utronik is proud to announce it has been named by RDiodes as its European Distributor of the Year for the second year running after winning the accolade in 2014. The award from the manufacturer is testament to huge growth throughout Europe within the distributor’s network and the large share of design-in products in Rutronik’s overall sales volume. Rutronik was able to increase sales of Diodes products by a further 22 per cent in 2015. Moreover, the share of design-in products featuring Diodes components rose to roughly 17 per cent in Rutronik’s overall sales volume. “This continued success means Rutronik is one of our top distributors! More than 20 per cent of our distributor network is overseen by Rutronik,” explains Oliver Woyke, Sales Manager Europe, Middle East & Africa at Left to right: Diodes. Rutronik has been selling Diodes’ complete pro- David Lambert, Distribution Business Development Executive, Diodes Paul Mitchell, European Distribution and Business Development Manager, Diodes duct portfolio across all European sales territories for the Mark King, Senior Vice President Sales and Marketing worldwide, Diodes past 10 years. The products include discrete semiconduc- Markus Krieg, Manging Director Marketing, Rutronik tors, power semiconductors, analogue and logic ICs, Oliver Woyke, Director of Sales - EMEA, Diodes Thomas Ulinski, Marketing Director Semiconductor, Rutronik MOSFETs and bipolar transistors, LED drivers, Hall sen- Reza Maghdounieh, Senior Marketing Manager Purchasing & Line Management, Rutronik sors and data line protection products. ■

12 Powered by www.rutronik.com SCHURTER_EN+MH.pdf;S: 1;Format:(112.00 x 297.00 mm);14. Sep 2016 09:14:14

Current News UMT-H

Rechargeable Batteries

Rutronik to be Distributor Visit us! for Samsung SDI Hall A3, Booth 431 utronik and Samsung SDI so customers can obtain a per- Rhave concluded a franchising fectly matched system from a sin- agreement for the EMEA region. gle supplier. In addition, lithium- The agreement covers Samsung ion cells require a carefully tuned SDI‘s battery product portfolio, battery management system that with the focus on cylindrical li- can measure charging and dis- thium-ion batteries. This means charge currents very accurately that Rutronik is the only European and monitor cell voltages with a distributor with a comprehensive precision in the order of single product portfolio for battery ma- millivolts. nagement systems with semicon- This is where customers can ductors, passive electromechanical rely on the detailed know-how components and the battery cells of Rutronik‘s FAEs and product as most important system compo- engineers. „Sound expertise is nent. needed not only when it comes to deciding where to use lithium-ion batteries, but also for their handling,“ points out Petar Grantcha- rov, Sales Manager at Samsung SDI Europe GmbH. Lithium-ion batteries are classed as hazardous goods, and they require a very well thought- through logistical system supported by an end-to-end system of documentation. With its centralized and globally consistent organization and IT system, Rutronik is uniquely capable of implementing such a system worldwide. Samsung SDI has been develo- Andreas Mangler, Director Strategic Marketing ping and manufacturing lithium- & Communications at Rutronik: ion batteries for over 15 years, and SMD fuse with high since 2010 it has been world mar- „With its lithium-ion batteries, Samsung SDI is setting standards ket leader with the largest market throughout the world.“ share. „With its lithium-ion batte- breaking capacity ries, Samsung SDI is setting standards throughout the world. Ex- The cylindrical battery cells tremely innovative technologies have key significance on the indus- and strict quality assurance give trial market. The way they are con- Samsung SDI a plus in terms of – High breaking capacity up to 1500 A structed with a rigid case means mobility, freedom of design and that they are particularly safe. As performance, making for lighter, – High rated voltages up to the battery cell completely deter- slimmer and nevertheless more mines the parameters and speci- powerful end devices,“ explains 277 VAC / 250 VDC fications with which the battery Andreas Mangler, Director of management system works, it is Strategic Marketing & Communi- – 24 rated currents from 160 mA to 30 A essentially the main design driver cations. „The cylindrical cells ma- and it is what determines the opti- nufactured by Samsung SDI also – Compact, square design: 5.3 x 16 mm mum selection of active and pas- have the advantage that their form sive components for the respective factor is maintained over long pe- application. Together with its fran- riods – a decisive criterion for in- chise partners, Rutronik now co- dustrial products with long service vers the entire product portfolio, lives.“ ■ www.rutronik.com umt-h.schurter.com Current News

The Focus: a Car Designed as a Work of Art Rutronik Donates for Young Cardiac Patients The distribution company Rutronik handed over a check for 9000 euros to the Bundesverband Herzkranke Kinder e.V. (BVHK), an association of parents‘ initiatives in Germany that represents families with young cardiac patients. his sum was raised as a Tresult of a spectacular event: Rutronik had the so-called Art Car designed that features 47 companies with their logos. An Art Car is a vehicle that has been turned into a work of art while remaining fully functional. Rutronik‘s Distribution Art Car is an Audi R8 LMS, and it was given its special appearance by the artist Fabian Plentz, assistant to the management at Rutronik, and Bernd Weidenhammer, Managing Director of Rudi Fielitz. He included the Assmann WSW Components, presented the project at the Audi Zentrum Karlsruhe. Rutronik logo and those of 46 other electronic sector companies. ted to the Hockenheimring on Sa- fect. They and their families have as well as brochures and online in- The Distribution Art Car is at the turday, 23 April. They were able to cope with major problems: Con- formation that are produced by start in, amongst others, the inter- to watch the race live, have a look stant worry, long stays in hospital those affected for those affected. national DMV GTC racing series, around the pits and take a seat be- and looking after the children Our work is financed to a great ex- as well as being presented at vari- hind the steering wheel of the Dis- make demands on the whole fa- tent by means of donations. There- ous trade fairs. tribution Art Car for a souvenir mily — not only on the emotional fore we are very pleased indeed to photo. Prof. Elisabeth Sticker, a and psychological levels, but also receive this generous donation Children with member of the BVHK executive financially. Hermine Nock of the from Rutronik – although this day cardiac conditions at board and herself the mother of a BVHK explains: „They get local at the races at the Hockenheimring > the Hockenheimring son with a cardiac condition, ac- support from our 26 regional is just as valuable for our young cepted the check for 9000 euros. member associations throughout patients! This is where they can 50 children with heart prob- One in every hundred children Germany. In addition, we provide forget their worries and problems lems and their families were invi- born in Germany has a heart de- a range of family-oriented offers, for a while.“ ■

14 Powered by www.rutronik.com ST is enabling smarter, safer and more efficient factories and workplaces

ST offers a comprehensive range of solutions for Smart Industry. With more than 30 years experience in developing products for industrial applications, our deep application knowledge enables us to deliver optimized products and solutions. So see what ST has to offer to help build your next smart industry project controllers.

For more information, visit www.st.com

Digital Transformation is in Full Swing Designing the Turnaround! Lots of things are currently changing: Digital transformation is in full swing, changing our daily lives and demanding new business models. Many countries are facing economic and social challenges. Thomas Rudel, CEO Rutronik, describes the effects of this on distribution and what Rutronik is doing to continue on its path of success.

EXCLUSIVE Mr. Rudel, Rutronik now belongs to a Globalization is a word on everyone‘s INTERVIEW small minority of privately owned dis- lips these days: How has Rutronik ma- tributors of considerable repute and ca- naged to develop business in Asia and pability. How difficult is it becoming, as the USA? an independent business, to compete in It was really important that Rutronik a market characterized by globalization adopted a global mindset and approach a and concentration? few years ago! This is the only way we are The biggest challenge for us at the moment able to go wherever our customers need us. is the enormous currency fluctuations, We are incredibly happy with developments some-thing we‘ve never had to deal with in and will continue to slowly but surely ex- the past. You only have to look at what‘s pand our local presence both in Asia and the been happening to the dollar this year – un- USA. believable! The customers of course would like to pass the risk on to distributors who Which other tricks does Rutronik have cannot possibly cope with this in the long up its sleeve to help it stand out against run. its competitors? Our logistics services are extremely compre- Since the situation is set against the back- hensive, and this sets us apart from our com- drop of extremely long-term payment tar- petitors. Furthermore, our customers really gets and the fact that margins are constant- do receive everything from a single source ly being squeezed, and don‘t forget that – and that‘s customer service at its best! distributors are having to provide more and Since it also includes components that do more services – usually free of charge. You not necessarily create value. The price plays only have to look at the profit before tax of a less significant role, as it‘s more about fast large distributors to see that there‘s very availability and logistics. This is only pos- little capacity to cope with losses. Now- sible with the appropriate warehouse en- adays, banks no longer offer suitable solu- vironment – and nowadays that‘s a strategic Thomas Rudel, CEO Rutronik tions at favorable conditions to overcome decision. Our new warehouse unit which was the risk of currency fluctuations. constructed here in Eisingen in 2015 and our We‘ll continue to expand Rutronik24 warehouses in Asia and the USA act as a So how do you succeed in finding a way marker for our customers and guarantee worldwide and will ensure it becomes out of this dilemma? them the required availability they need. And “established as the distributor of small That‘s a good question! Seeing as a distributor our sales organization Rutronik24 enables us quantities – and obviously with products from of our size needs to have a global strategy, it‘s to deliver small quantities and samples in a every manufacturer of which Rutronik is an impossible for us to avoid currency fluctua- short period of time. tions. The only solution which is likely to help official franchise partner. „ is when customers shoulder some of the bur- Would you say the idea behind den the fluctuations cause. Rutronik24 of supplying companies

16 Powered by www.rutronik.com whose requirements are a little different This is particularly obvious in the capital to those of traditional Rutronik custo- goods sector. The trend here is clearly toward mers has been a success? pay per use or pay per service. In other words, Definitely: Yes! We‘ll therefore continue to the customer no longer buys a robot or a pro- expand Rutronik24 worldwide and will en- duction machine, but, for example, a turning sure it becomes established as the distributor operation and therefore no longer pays for the of small quantities – and obviously with pro- machine but the actual service provided. This ducts from every manufacturer of which obviously has an impact on the pricing model Rutronik is an official franchise partner. and communication, as well as on how much information a company wishes to reveal. Such The universal buzzwords are currently developments will ultimately also have an Industry 4.0 and IoT. What is Rutronik‘s effect on distribution. While it is not yet pos- strategy to tackle these challenges? sible to see which consequences all this will A distributor must offer and continue to de- have, we are keeping a close eye on this one. velop the right range of products. We combined these two essential features back in Besides RUTRONIK SMART and EMBEDDED 2014 with our specially tailored offerings there‘s also RUTRONIK POWER. What‘s RUTRONIK SMART and RUTRONIK EMBEDDED: the focus of this division? SMART covers IoT applications such as wea- Basically, a power supply is essential for eve- rables, healthcare, smart homes, and security ry application. RUTRONIK POWER first and solutions; EMBEDDED allows us to provide foremost focuses on the market segments everything for industrial applications with industrial, automotive, and home appliances. connection to the gateway up to IPC-based Customers demand low and high-power so- systems, incl. wired and wireless connectivity. lutions with ever-greater efficiency that need The franchise with Intel was a key milestone to be faster, smaller, scalable, and more flex- in this effort. ible, precise, and robust. Our design-in acti- As an Intel distributor vities therefore focus on three aspects: Digital Why is this cooperation so special? power, robustness, and functional safety. In we now additionally offer processors, Intel has made our portfolio complete. In 2016, we managed to close an important gap “mainboards, and memories terms of wireless and sensors, embedded in this field: Thanks to the franchise with from the market leader and boards, industrial memories, and displays, we Samsung SDI we now have the core compo- were already in a good position. As an Intel nents of battery systems in our portfolio – and number one technology driver. „ distributor we now additionally offer proces- once again from a global market leader. This sors, mainboards, and memories from the franchise fits the Rutronik strategy perfectly, market leader and number one technology namely to work with the best of the best and driver. This provides us with numerous oppor- to offer complete systems. As a result, our Needless to say, the same applies to SMART, tunities to really offer end-to-end systems. portfolio not only encompasses everything to EMBEDDED, and POWER: Each offering is But this hardware side is just one half of our do with battery management, but also the backed up by competent staff who, depending Industry 4.0 approach. battery itself. That‘s a unique feature in the on the project and customer requirements, market! work collaboratively with colleagues from the And what does the other half consist of? other specialist units. That is the implementation of Industry 4.0 in The fourth unit is RUTRONIK AUTOMOTIVE. the procurement process. This means we sup- What helped tip the scales in favor of a Finally, let‘s take a look in the crystal port our customers when integrating their EDI dedicated offering? ball: What will the distribution market and inventory control systems in order to The automotive market has been a core part look like in ten years‘ time? achieve maximum automation for our custo- of Rutronik for many years; we conduct I thought you might ask this question. Making mers and Rutronik. roughly 50% of our business with tier 1 and such forecasts is always difficult, but at the tier 2 automotive suppliers. This means all moment there are so many imponderables and Our manufacturers have been fully EDI net- processes and products are available and nobody can say for sure how they will develop. worked for a long time; and this also applies technically matured at Rutronik. With the But one thing is certain: Our customers – just the majority of our logistics clients. This en- amount of electronic components in cars like Rutronik – are well prepared for the future sures we not only have all the tools on board, increasing rapidly by roughly 8% each year and will continue to act prudently. Business but also comprise extensive networking expe- the automotive market is a growing market has learned a lot from the crisis of 2009, and rience. Needless to say, this helps us to un- even if the quantities stay the same – be it in many companies have completely changed derstand our customers – and this is essential terms of eMobility, 48V electrical systems, their strategy. At Rutronik: We don‘t want to in order to support them with their Industry power trains or assistance and safety systems. grow at any cost, but view healthy growth as 4.0 projects. The decision in favor of a separate automoti- sensible growth. As an unlisted company we ve department – which supports RUTRONIK have the freedom to make our own decisions. Industry 4.0 is helping to change busi- AUTOMOTIVE – was therefore totally right We can thus give our customers the assurance ness models in many industries. Do this and important, and we‘ll continue to streng- that Rutronik will remain a reliable partner in also apply to distribution? then it. the future. ■ www.rutronik.com Powered by 17 Topic of the Week|Electromechanical

Thermal Management Effective Heat Management Made Easy

Something that we need to he demands in terms of heat ma- ever more monitoring and control possibili- survive can be fatal for electronic nagement have changed as a result ties; solar panels have to withstand high heat of steadily improving efficiency of levels; and mobile devices are increasingly equipment and applications: components,T smaller and increasingly mo- being used in medical technology. heat. It is often the key factor bile applications, and the need for solutions in automated manufacturing. The response For such applications, the PGS (Pyrolytic Gra- in malfunctions and failures to heat of products and prototypes can be phite Sheet) from Panasonic offers the ideal of electronic equipment and demonstrated right from the concept pha- solu-tion, both to transport heat away from se by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) a hotspot (figure 1) and to distribute heat applications. But there are lots analysis. It takes into account the resistance horizontally (on the right in figure 1). As a of innovative solutions for to heat and heat conductance of various heat-conducting layer between the hotspot smart heat management. materials, convection and radiation of heat, and the heat sink, the sheet combines hori- as well as the CAD data, and the actual in- zontal and vertical dissipation (figure 2). Es- stallation and environmental conditions. On pecially where the heat sink or spreader is not that basis, it depicts the causes and effects located directly at the heat source, a PGS of heat loads, as well as the temperature and sheet is able to dissipate the heat quickly and Author: flow distribution of a component assembly, effectively to the cooling zone. If it is mounted Roland Hofmann, Product Sales Manager in three-dimensional form, so providing a directly on the heat source, it discharges the sound decision-making basis for the choice heat to the external housing. of package design and the most suitable heat sink. The PGS sheet is made of a light, flexible pyrolytic graphite which can be cut to shape Sheets for small as required. With thicknesses from 10µm to mobile devices 200µm, it also fits in small devices. The 2mm bend radius allows the layers to be bent more than 3,000 times to an angle of 190°. Small – and above all portable – devices such Depending on the layer thickness, the PGS as smartphones, tablets and cameras are de- sheet‘s thermal conductivity of 700 to manding ever thinner and lighter solutions for 1950W/(mK) is two to five times higher than the effective dissipation or distribution of that of copper, and seven times than of alu- heat. The data transfer infrastructure is also minum. incorporating increasingly complex electronics in tight spaces: Electric-powered and Figure 3 demonstrates the efficacy of the PGS hybrid vehicles need light, durable batteries; sheet. It shows what temperatures occur on Industry 4.0 (smart manufacturing) calls for the ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) lay-

Figure 1 (source: Panasonic): The PGS sheet from Panasonic dissipates heat from a hotspot and distributes it horizontally.

18 Powered by www.rutronik.com Samsung_Rutroniker_NEU_plusBeschn.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 297.00 mm);06. Oct 2016 09:07:59 Topic of the Week|Electromechanical

Figure 2 (source: Panasonic): The PGS sheet between the hotspot and heat sink dissipates the heat both vertically and horizontally. er when the IC is only connected to the sur- temperature at the hotspot. It additionally profiles are machined to customer specifica- face by a silicone thermal pad (type A / type shields electromagnetic interference. The tions, such as using various materials, pro- B), and when a large (type A-1 / type B-1) or material is non-sensitive to environmental file cross-sections and lengths; in designs as small (type A-2 / type B-2) PGS sheet 70µm influences, and stable when aged. hollow-fin profiles, perforations, bores, thick is placed between the silicone layer and welded heat sinks, anodized visible and decor the PCB. Even a small PGS sheet with no sili- The many variants surface finishes; and with custom packing cone thermal pad substantially reduces the of the heat sink for manual, partially or fully automated component mounting. The earlier heat management is integrated into the develop- The light, easy-to-install pin fin heat sinks ment process, and the more information is provide an effective method of heat dissipa- available, the more effectively technical and tion in all areas where processors are used. cost aspects can be optimized for the custo- Thanks to their flow-enhancing pin arrange- mer. Essential necessities for optimum tech- ment, they deliver high efficiency and opti- nical specification and costing are dimensi- mum air through-flow. In addition to stan- oned profile and machining drawings, inclu- Figure 3 (source: Panasonic): The Pyrolytic Graphite Sheet (PGS) from Panasonic dard products, there are also special solu- ding tolerances. For complex custom profiles, is light, flexible and highly conductive. tions in which the pressed-out aluminum additional 3D data is also helpful.

Figure 4 (source: Panasonic): The PGS sheet from Panasonic substantially reduces the temperature at the hotspot.

20 Powered by www.rutronik.com JAE_230x297_Rutroniker.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 297.00 mm);05. Oct 2016 12:12:52

Hybrid AOC (Active Optical Cable) For High Speed Transmission and Power Supply

JAE has developed and launched the AOC (Active Optical Cable) "RP04 Series", which has an electrical connector interface, but converts electrical signals to optical inside the plug and transmits AOC is the Solution data through the cable using optical fibre. which Allows High Speed With the recent increase in high‐definition graphics and high‐ Transmission for Various speed communications, there is a growing demand for high‐ Market and Device speed connections in various markets and devices. However, conventional electrical copper harnesses have limitations in transmission speed and transmission distance, and optical harnesses have the need for dust prevention and precise mating during operation. Therefore there is a requirement for a new solution that can realize easy handling, while having high‐speed and long distance transmission capability. With these market needs as a baseline, JAE has developed and launched the RP04 Series, blending the easy handling of an electrical connection with the high‐speed, long distance and noise resistance capability of an optical transmission. The RP04 Series allows for high‐speed signals, low‐speed signals, and power supply to be incorporated in a single hybrid cable adding to its flexibility Medical for use in various transmission requirements. This product can be used for devices that Security require high‐speed and long distance Camera TV transmission including various Projector wearable devices like HMD (Head Mount Display), High Speed and machine tools requiring Transmission noise resistance, high‐speed and long distance transmission, FA and industrial and medical equipment Measurement MFP that handle high definition graphics. Data Center High‐speed Transmission Transmission 10Gbps/Line (Optical) Speed Line 4 Line (Maximum) Interface CML Signal AOC Driving 3.3V Voltage Fiber Optical GOF (Wavelength 850nm) Low‐speed Signal (Copper) Line 6 Lines (Maximum) Line4Lines Power Supply Rated Current 2A (Total) Transmission Distance 100m (Only transmission of fiber optic is prescribed) Power Consumption 0.3W (One side) 1. Friction Lock 2. Mechanical Lock AOC Type (Both mates with the same receptacle connector) Operating Temperature Range 0 Deg.Cto +60 Deg.C (Non‐condensing) www.jae.com

JAE_230x297_Rutroniker.indd 1 05.10.16 11:55 Topic of the Week|Electromechanical

are used excessively. Also, the pads agglome- rate to form a mass when stacked. They can Comeback for fans be more easily cut, and are easy to affix by adhesive films. As they adhere easily, the as- Fans are unsuitable for some applications sembly can also be conveniently dismounted. because of their susceptibility. Their power consumption counteracts the aims of energy Thermal pastes are a popular way of reducing efficiency, even though it has already been heat resistance. They do, however, require significantly reduced. The space they take lengthy and complex processing, and the re- up, noise and durability are other critical sult is often still untidy. Consequently, adhe- points. sive films are becoming established as a But fans are still unbeaten when it comes to applications such as drive systems, frequency inverters, switch cabinet installations, power Figure 5 (source: Assmann WSW): Pin fin heat sinks meet the demands of light weight, high efficiency supplies or welding machines, as their use and easy installation. greatly boosts the fresh air throughput, thereby forcing convection. Improved bearings are extending the service life of fans. For example, the special design of an optimized sliding Pads and films bearing enhances the bearing‘s sealing, incor- help against hot air porates a recycling function, and provides longer service life than conventional sliding In order to achieve effective heat dissipation, bearings. air gaps between components and heat sinks must be avoided, because air acts as a thermal Optimum solutions insulator. Heat-conducting pads are a suita- Figure 6 (source: 3M): Heat-conducting pads from based on individuality ble means of equalizing any unevenness or 3M equalize any unevenness, so avoiding air pockets. differing component heights. With their high thermal conductivity and gap-filling proper- complication-free variant. They are available The question as to the best heat dissipation ties, they dissipate the power loss away from adhering on one or two sides, and are easy to strategy cannot be answered with a one-size- the heat source. They provide outstanding process. Thanks to their ceramic filler materi- fits-all solution, because numerous factors compressive stress relief, and adapt optimally al, they combine moderate thermal conducti- influence the choice. One rule does apply to the application. The pads are made of ac- vity with high adhesive strength. They also though: The earlier in the development cycle rylic, so they are silicone-free, and can also provide outstanding surface coating and heat management is considered, the wider- be used in automotive applications. There is shockproofing, while retaining consistent per- ranging and easier to implement the possibili- no oil leakage, as can occur if thermal pastes formance throughout their service life. ties will be. ■

Figure 7: Thanks to its special design, the bearing of the brushless DC fan from Jamicon is very tight and so durable.

22 Powered by www.rutronik.com Topic of the Week|Electromechanical

Connectors Robust Connections

Smart manufacturing („Industry 4.0“) is based, like the Internet of Things, on connectivity – and that means contacts. The connectors needed for the purpose must be of sufficient robustness for industrial use. So Industry 4.0 is not just a driver of growth, but also of technological progress, delivering a multitude of innovations. They are also benefiting other sectors.

Molex offers a particularly extensive portfo- Automotive Authors: lio of robust solutions: The Sealed Connec- Ronny Gölz, Technical Support, tors series comprises standard and custom Albert Culetto, Technical Support sealed connectors of different protection Automotive components have to be meet the classes. highest safety demands, and the development of more robust models is very much in keeping lmost all applications in machinery In-cabinet automation components mostly with those demands. Other core requirements and plant manufacture and automa- feature connectors for single-wire connec- in that sector are space and weight saving. tion are subject to extreme conditions tion. That is because they enable very flex- Consequently, some manufacturers are alrea- Asuch as damp, dust, oil, chemicals, high tem- ible connections of sensors, actuators and dy offering systems with more than 300 con- peratures, and vibration. At the same time, the power supply. In power electronics, de- tacts. High-performance alloys such as CuNi- safeguarding plant safety is a must. Many velopers are increasingly turning to circuit Si additionally improve their current carrying manufacturers have already responded to board connectors in place the previously capacity, so enabling smaller solutions, while those demands, developing connectors con- more common clamped solutions. They per- materials like aluminum and copper alloys forming to different standards which are cer- mit more compact and flexible equipment save on weight. tified to EN 60529 and offer IP67 or IP 68 designs, as well as delivering high current protection. This is especially so in relation to carrying capacity. As one example, JAE has developed the the M8 and M12 connector types most fre- MX19 series specially for the automotive quently used in industrial applications, but Industrial standard connectors such as sector. The small wire-to-wire connectors, also to modular jacks and USB. RJ45 and round plug connectors are be- certified as waterproof to JIS D0203 S1, con- coming ever more widespread for data nect with just a click. They can withstand It should be noted here that the protection connections, because field bus systems are temperatures between -40 and 105°C, as class applies only to the connected condi- increasingly being replaced by Industrial well as the typical vibrations that occur in tion. As soon as one end of the connection Ethernet. Fiber-optic connectors permit fast, vehicles. Thanks to its grommet with back- is open, the protection is generally no longer interference-free transfer of large data vo- ward sealing, the MX19 series provides op- assured. lumes. timized layout of the harness assembly, and

Coto_Rutroniker_EN.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 74.00 mm);22. Sep 2016 10:53:24 Advertisement

™ RR110, RR120 & RR130 Series NEW! Ultra-Miniature Magnetic Switches & Sensors Now with a new advanced wafer-based technology, Coto Technology introduces RedRock™, a new product line of Analog & Digital magnetic switch and sensor solutions for a wide range of wearable, medical, consumer, industrial and other applications. Featuring an incredibly tiny footprint, high sensitivity and low power consumption, this robust product line will ﬁt perfectly into any design where space and power are critical.

Contact your distributor today for more information!

Advanced Magnetic Sensing & Switching Solutions • www.cotorelay.com ® Topic of the Week|Electromechanical

the terminals fit better in the enclosure. The have established standards: Type 1 (mainly in mum protection for the user. If the lock is seal protects against damage, cable flapping America and Japan), Type 2 (Europe) and GB/T opened, the high currents are immediately and water incursion. The terminals feature a (China). cut. The enclosure conforms to UL94-V-0, double-plate spring mechanism with a long RTI130,CTI2 as a minimum, and is able to carrier length for low insertion forces and Amphenol has developed its PowerLokTM withstand temperatures of -40 to 125°C. The pressure dispersion. Rated up to 5A, and for high-voltage, high-current connection sys- 360° metal sheath ensures complete shiel- cables between 20 and 22 AWG, 2- and tem specially to meet the requirements of ding of the connector for IP6K9K when 4-pin variants are available. chargers and cable assembly for hybrid and plugged and IP2X when unplugged (to DIN electric vehicles. It is based on RADSOK® 40 050, 9). E-mobility (RADial SOcKet) contact technology, which ensures less voltage drop and temperature Amphenol also offers a connector series for rise, and enlarges the surface area thanks to energy storage devices, specially designed Hybrid and electric vehicles have introduced its radial design. for high-current connections in the battery new voltage and current classes. That also module and in the battery management sys- means significantly higher temperatures and The PowerLok connectors are rated for tem (BMS) itself: The low-cost RADLOK fa- vibration levels. Moreover, there is a risk with 750A and 1000V, and feature HVIL (High mily comprises a series of plug designs, and electric powered vehicles especially that en- Voltage InterLock) current protection. The can be used both inside the battery as a cell- vironmental influences such as water, dust, second automatic interlock ensures that to-cell connection and externally as a bat- dirt, oil, chemicals or electromagnetic fields the terminals are optimally positioned, and tery-to-battery or array-to-power store con- might impair performance. Consequently, the provides sufficient holding force even for nection. It features low insertion and re- demands on the design, base materials and rough environments. Its various groove moval forces, and a large number of plugging contact surfaces of the connectors are more options ensure secure connections, avoiding cycles thanks to its integrated locking and stringent. No standard has yet become estab- the risk of damage due to faulty connection. unlocking mechanism. Its maximum current lished; the OEMs are mainly applying custom It makes the typical clicking noise that is capacity is 750A, with maximum DC voltage solutions. The situation with regard to con- very popular in the automotive industry. of 1000V; its temperature range is from -40 nectors for the charger unit is different: They The simple connection guarantees maxi- to 125°C.

C&K_EN.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 148.00 mm);13. Sep 2016 14:45:20 Advertisement

C&K COMPONENTS – THE GLOBAL SWITCH LEADER PROVIDING APPLICATION SPECIFIC SOLUTIONS FOR THE INDUSTRIAL MARKET.

• tactile • slide • pushbutton • toggle • rotary • DIP • switchlock • rockers • key switches • illuminated and • snaps sealed switches

CONTACT C&K TODAY TO REQUEST OUR INDUSTRIAL SWITCHES SAMPLE KIT.

www.ck-components.com 24 Powered by www.rutronik.com

C&K half page ad.indd 1 6/15/16 8:38 AM Molex_Rutroniker_EN.pdf;S: 1;Format:(112.00 x 297.00 mm);14. Oct 2016 09:32:47

Topic of the Week|Electromechanical

Rail connections Nano-Fit™

In the rail sector, demand for connectors is rising due to the increased deployment of Ethernet networks, such Power Connectors as for cameras and displays, and due to the trend toward modular train design. The subsystems have to be easily connectible, so as to route power, data and signals through all the on-board units. Design engineers know that quality

For outdoor use, the connectors not only have to with- products demand safe, dependable stand vibration and shock impact, but also all kinds of weather conditions. These applications demand models power connectivity. Nano-Fit™ Power with IP68 or IP69K protection and mechanical interlocks. Connectors from Molex deliver superior In the train‘s interior, lesser protection is sufficient, though electromagnetic fields play a greater role. Shiel- performance with the smallest fully ded connectors are available for this. isolated headers on the market In addition, all connectors must conform to railway standards. They differ from country to country. They normally Put Your Best Fit Forward include high resistance to hydraulic fluid, aggressive cleaning agents and similar substances.

Lighting

The connector requirements for LED lighting solutions are very difficult to specify clearly, as they vary according to the location of use and application. But the rule is: the more robust the connection solution, the broader will be its range of applications – like the SSL-1 series from Amphenol. With shock and vibration proofing to EN 61373, it is suitable for indoor and outdoor LED applications as well as for the transportation market. It has eliminated soldering, entailing the risk of low-quality solder joints, and so delivers shorter SMT production times and reduced costs. It takes up less space on the PCB, making more room for greater LED density. This avoids shadowing. The SSL-1 series comprises 2-, 4- and 6-pin board-to-board, wire-to-board and wire-to-wire connectors.

Medical technology

Medical technology applications must first and foremost conform to the industry standards and licensing requirements governing shielding, leak-tightness, autoclava- bility, and touch protection. Other frequent stipulations are high contact security and large numbers of plugging cycles, as well as protection against disinfectants and aggressive cleaning solutions.

Connection systems which meet high demands usually entail complex production processes. Moreover, their development costs are often not yet amortized through mass production. That makes them relatively expensive, so they are not suitable for cost-sensitive applications, or applications in which the protection offered is not actually necessary. For all other applications, however, they offer many benefits – or are even a must. ■

www.rutronik.com 25 one company a world of innovation | www.molex.com Topic of the Week|Electromechanical

Electromechanical Input Systems Spoiled for Choice

Keyboards and keypads have gone out of fashion, and touchscreens are now what it‘s all about? No way! Electromechanical input systems are still being used in a wide variety of areas. Keyboards and keypads of different kinds and design are available. So the question arises: Which system is the right one?

f a genuine tactile operating feel with pressure points and distinct key strokes is The robust one: Author: Martin Unsöld, essential, real keyboards are the top op- Membrane keypad Senior Marketing Manager Relays, Ition. And even where cognitive operator con- Batteries, Fuses, Switches and Thermal Management trol is not possible, conventional electrome- Membrane keypads protect displays, digits or chanical solutions are the first choice. They LEDs behind a plastic film membrane. The film include, in the broadest sense, keyboards is indented so as to guide the user‘s finger featuring single components (discrete keys) around the keys. Common features are in- and flat input systems (membrane keypads, dented key surrounds, full key cap indents, silicone rubber keypads). and bubble-shaped indents. Key labeling in Braille is also possible. The classic one: Keyboard comprising single components The design possibilities for graphic films are virtually unlimited – that is why they are also referred to as graphic films: In contrast to When we think of keyboards, we mostly think keyboards consisting of individual compo- first of all about a computer. While this type nents, which only allow for round or square has a limited variety of keys, it does meet cer- keys, membrane keypads enable any shape of tain requirements in terms of key stroke and key at no additional cost. Colors can be cus- actuating force. This is easiest to implement tomized in line with a corporate design, or to using single keys. This type of keyboard is ide- provide a visual subdivision of the keypad al especially for typing lengthy text. surface. The film is imprinted from the back, so adhesion is not a problem. Membrane key- A major disadvantage of it is handling: Large pads are used primarily on sports equipment numbers of single components have to be such as ergometers, cross-trainers and tread- soldered onto a printed circuit board, and mills, on vending machines, and on robust each solder point is critical in terms of the mobile equipment such as measuring devices keyboard‘s reliability. Each key cap needs its or robot lawnmowers. own imprint, which incurs cost in materials management and stockholding. And lastly, the The membranes are made of strong, tempera- rather bulky structure has to be safe installed ture-resistant polyester or polycarbonate film. in or mounted on the device. This makes the keypads resistant to oil for factory or workshop applications. It also means they remain color-fast in outdoor use. In addition to the indenting and imprinting variants, there is also a choice of different finishes: glossy, mat, textured, or combina- What keyboard/keypad tions of all. Extra features such as electrical shielding, interchangeable labels and various for what purposes? illumination modes round off the application • Silicone rubber keypads for a degree of • keyboards with discrete keys for highly spe- options. And contrasting their complex de- height and long life at low cost; cialized applications, such as on computers: sign, the keypads are very easy to assemble: If you want to type efficiently for long pe- Detach the protective paper on the back, lay • membrane keypads for complex graphic riods of time without „finger fatigue“, rubber the cable, stick it down – and it‘s done! designs, ease of assembly, and special seal- or membrane keyboards/keypads are not the ing; best choice. Incidentally, membrane keypads can also create an effect that is otherwise only achiev-

26 Powered by www.rutronik.com Topic of the Week|Electromechanical

able with sensor keys or touch panels: If the ductive material combinations, or even with The custom one: key stroke is kept very small, there is no dis- gold surfaces. A gold surface has lower resis- Combinations of various technologies cernible lift or pressure point, yet the evalu- tance, which cuts power consumption and so ation remains absolutely simple. Since they extends the operating time of the application are „real“ electromechanical contacts neither – a plus-point especially for battery-powered Keypads combining the attributes of multiple auxiliary energy nor controllers are necessary. equipment. The counterpart is an electrode technologies offer flexibility for custom solu- That results in lower cost, simpler design, and pattern on a printed circuit board: The con- tions. Based on the motto „the best of both higher energy efficiency. ductive pill creates a short circuit between worlds“, a silicone rubber keypad can, for ex- two contact areas on the PCB while pushing ample, be fitted with cutouts for displays or There is, however, a disadvantage to counter the silicone rubber key. the like, and the surface – apart from the keys those advantages: the third dimension. If the – clad in a PE film. These keypad types are keypad is to be not only long and wide but Silicone rubber keypads are a practical solu- used in medical technology and in the care also high in terms of the keys‘ shape and/or tion particularly thanks to their inherent ma- sector, for example, where distinct touch lift, a film membrane encounters physical terial characteristics, such as a wide operating feedback allied to good cleanability is requi- limits. This problem can be bypassed using temperature range and easy – and therefore red. silicone keys. low-cost – shapability. They also make for a longer keypad life. In view of that, of course, Custom adaptation to the specific application The three-dimensional one: optimum fastness of the key labeling is all the is key to every solution. That is true in terms Silicone rubber keypad more important. of the dimensions, the requirements of the operating environment, or design wishes. To Abrasion-resistant screen-printing inks, a va- achieve an optimum balance between mee- Silicone rubber keypads are used for remote riety of different coatings (such as from var- ting the requirements and cost, Rutronik‘s controls in the multimedia field for example. nish to PU) and laser labeling are ideal. In field application engineers and product ma- conjunction with different rubber colors (mul- nagers work closely with membrane and sili- The silicone rubber enables more lift, and so tiple colors on a single keypad are also possi- cone rubber keypad specialist knitter-switch a characteristic tactile feedback. Actuation ble) and illumination, this results in attractive to support customers worldwide. The German strokes of up to 4mm can be realized quite options for customizing silicone rubber key- manufacturer has been at the forefront of easily. pads. switch technology for roughly 50 years, with customers profiting from tried-and-tested, For everything to work mechanically and elec- And for something out of the ordinary: If state-of-the-art products, extensive experi- trically, there is a conductive disk – sometimes the front panel and key caps are made of ence, and exceptional knowledge. knitter- more than one – on the underside of each key. stainless steel, the keypad looks very robust, switch develops all its solutions in Germany, The disks are conventionally made of carbon while the substructure is a cost-saving flat thus offering uncomplicated on-site support (carbon pills), or alternatively of various con- keypad. and effective coordination. ■

Vishay_EN.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 99.00 mm);14. Sep 2016 09:36:35

s Munich e

g n 08. - 11. e l l a November Vishay h c n 2016 ig s Technology e Vishay Booth d r ou A5.141 r y Solutions fo Automotive A6.A11-13 Live Demonstrations » Increasing speed » Improving power efﬁciency » Reducing size and component count » Improving reliability » Operating in harsh www.vishay.com environments Main Topic|Embedded

Industrial Strength Components High-precision AOI Systems with NVMe Memory Solution

AOI systems (Automatic Optical Inspection) can be combined for end of 2018, and thus longer than most of the simultaneous top-down and bottom-up inspection (SMD/THT) of other mainboards on the market equipped with Intel™ C612 Chipset. This is complemen- single or double-sided assemblies during ongoing production. ted with strict revision control and professi- The procedure offers significant time, handling, and cost benefits onal lifecycle management which also incorporates ECNs for BIOS updates. Equipped with for both fully interlinked production lines and autonomous new Broadwell-E processors and the optional manufacturing. Besides being able to achieve the highest Dual M.2 riser card D3352-A2 with NVMe support, the new mainboard achieves much performance possible, the computing unit also needs to meet higher performance levels. industry standards. New performance level with NVMe Author: Tobias Zilly, Product Sales Manager Embedded Boards & Systems NVMe (NVM Express) is an interface specification for accessing non-volatile memories (NVM) – flash-based SSDs – attached via PCI uring the production process, current Express. NVMe has been designed from the AOI systems carry out a number of ground up to capitalize on the low latency and thorough and detailed inspections of internal parallelism of PCI Express SSDs, mir- Dcaptured image data, such as: roring the parallelism of CPUs, platforms, and applications. This was not possible with the ■ Inspection of presence and polarity of THT AHCI (Advanced Host Controller Interface). and SMD components This specification was developed back at the ■ Inspection of packing angles from 0 - time when memory systems were based on 360°C rotating magnetic media (hard disk drive) and ■ Exact component position (offset, angle) much slower. ■ Solder joint inspection at all components (SMD and THT) As a result, AHCI cannot take full advantage ■ Short-circuit test (solder bridges) Fujitsu Extended Lifecycle Mainboard D3348-B of the opportunities provided by SSDs. In ■ Component character verification contrast, NVMe is able to exploit parallelism ■ Display test (dot matrix, multi-segment, in host hardware and software, manifested LCD, LED) computing unit should, to a certain degree, by the differences in command line depths, ■ Barcode reading via camera meet traditional IT standards. Of additional efficiency of interrupt processing, the num- ■ Setup verification / initial sample testing benefit are at least two redundant network ber of uncacheable register accesses, unli- accesses for added system stability in order mited parallelism and threads as well as This requires one or several high-performance to support the production network and the greater efficiency for 4kB commands – thus computing units. In the multiple version, they traditional IT network. A workstation plat- resulting in performance improvements in guarantee true parallel processing of the cap- form with corresponding and industrial gra- various areas. tured inspection data, which can be combined phic board is also necessary to meet all the automatically, thus optimizing repair hand- requirements for CPU computing and GPU This makes NVMe particularly interesting for ling of specimens. Furthermore, to enhance performance. Since AOI systems are generally AOI systems that process huge amounts of the inspection speed the imaging modules in use over a long period of time, the platform data, e.g. systems which need to handle and must be controlled and coordinated perfectly must offer long-term availability and revision save relatively complex image data in the and intelligently at the moment of capture stability. shortest time possible. The preparation of da- and exposure. ta for other systems, e.g. production or data- All these requirements are met by the Fujitsu base systems, can also be enhanced. The In terms of incorporating the AOI system in Extended Lifecycle Mainboard D3348-B. In D3348-B2 mainboard additionally comes a smart manufacturing process that encom- fact, the board, including extended lifecycle, with seven PCIe slots, EtherCAT supporting passes all the aspects of Industry 4.0, the is available in the latest B2 version until the Dual-Intel LAN ports, and a variety of connec-

28 Powered by www.rutronik.com Micronas_112x297+B_Rutroniker.pdf;S: 1;Format:(112.00 x 297.00 mm);05. Oct 2016 11:15:31

Main Topic|Embedded

tivity options, e.g. ten SATA ports with RAID support for large hard drives.

Intel™ CPU of the Broadwell-E family

In addition to the Intel™ Haswell processors Xeon® E5- HVC 4223F is the right choice 16xx/26xx V3, i7-59xx (Haswell-E), and Core® i7-69xx (Broad- well-E), the D3348-B2 mainboard also supports Broadwell-E processors and Xeon® E5-16xx/26xx V4. They are supplied with a rated operating frequency of up to 3.70 GHz, which can be accelerated up to 4.00 GHz using Intel™ Boost Technology 2.0. Up to 22 cores, including hyper threading for a total of 44 threads, up to 55 MB cache, and DDR4 ECC RAM ensure unbeatable performance.

The long-term available CPUs, launched in the first quarter of 2016, support up to 40 PCIe lanes, which enables the native supply of two graphic boards with full 16 PCIe lanes and allows enormous parallel computer operations via various standards, such as CUDA and OpenCL. In contrast to the consumer chip Intel™ X99, the C612 Chipset from Intel™ offers numerous advantages for professional applications such as AOI systems. These include extended availability, ECC support, support for Intel™ Core® i7 and Xeon® processors, vPRO/iAMT managea- bility, and trusted execution technology. Special features, such as Watchdog, 24/7 Design or Erase Disk – a BIOS feature for For flexible and smart brushed/brushless/stepper wiping sensitive data from the hard drive using secure encryp- motor control (sensored/sensorless) tion technology – additionally emphasize the industrial strength of the Fujitsu mainboard.

DAC0 CP = DAC1 = Efficient and reliable ARM® Cortex®-M3 = CPU voltage supply References: Starpoint Integrated Bridges Comparators D/A Converter including Diagnosis

A high level of reliability and redundancy is also essential for ϑ the voltage supply of AOI systems. The FSP700-70RGHBE1 po- Temperature Sensors LIN-UART+LIN-PHY/ with Overtemperature wer supply unit from FSP is highly recommendable for this task. LIN Current Sense Detection/Shutdown

It is one of the few redundant server and storage power systems 4223F Peripherals: ADC that is 80 Plus Gold certified, offers peak efficiency of 90% PWM, Timer, HVC CAPCOM, when running at 50% load, and is compat-ible with all standard LIN UART, A/D Converter ATX chassis. The PS/2 power supply unit is compliant with both SPI…

desktop ATX 12V and server EPS 12V standards, suitable for V SUP B many industrial PCs, and also compatible with rackmount server chassis 3U and higher. High-Side Main- and Flash Memory Voltage Regulation Power-Switch Aux-Oscillator and NVRAM LDO + Buck Mode The latest Dual-GPU systems can be powered reliably and efficiently in a fully redundant form. The PSU is designed for 24/7 Functional Safety (ASIL ready), ISO-Pulses, AEC-Q100, LIN 2.1 conform, EMC conformity certified to support OEM Specifications, ESD (8 kV @ LIN Port), −40 °C ≤ TJ ≤ +150 °C performance at ambient temperatures up to 50°C. Thanks to its hot swappable capability, the FSP700-70RGHBE1 can be replaced without system downtime. It is fully redundant with All-in-one single-chip motor control solution with each of the two power supplies featuring its own power pin- high performance and optimized system efficiency out. Under normal operation, the two power supplies share the load for efficient and stable power delivery.

The PSU complies with server grade construction requirements due to its dual ball-bearing fan, premium capacitors, OCP (over current protection), SCP (short circuit protection), OVP (over voltage protection), FFP (fan fail-ure protection), and LED alarm Micronas GmbH ■ guard. A TDK Group Company · Hans-Bunte-Straße 19 · 79108 Freiburg Tel. +49-761-517-0 · Fax +49-761-517-2174 · www.micronas.com www.rutronik.com Main Topic|Embedded

Semiconductor with Integrated EtherCAT Communication in Hard Real Time

Ethernet protocols are making inroads into the industrial sector as the world of work becomes increasingly networked and automated. The office world and the world of production lines might be growing ever closer – but the type of Ethernet protocols used in PCs for Internet communication cannot be transferred one-to-one into automation technology. However, developers have come up with suitable solutions to this problem.

Author: Finn Boetius, Product Sales Manager

he key difference between Ethernet while moving along the defined path. This The advantages of Ethernet protocols for home computers and could result in collisions or even accidents. with the simplicity of a fieldbus those for industrial applications is This situation demands a hard real-time sys- theT real-time requirements: Both fulfill the tem. In order words, a system that guaran- criteria, yet the first type only delivers soft tees a response to events within a prede- In terms of its complexity, integrating Ether- real-time performance. This means that a fined time window. The system is therefore CAT is comparable to using a fieldbus, but response is produced according to specified deterministic. offers the benefits of Ethernet. It is thus poss- timing requirements, but only if this is possible to integrate Ethernet without developers ible. For example, data may be delayed or be- Real time is having to deal with technical intricacies such come unsynchronized during a video call. The not really real time as SNMP or TCP/IP communication and the picture then shakes slightly, but the partici- associated problems. The actual protocol pants can nevertheless see and understand stack is no longer time critical. This demands each other. The system still works. A protocol that meets both soft and hard re- very little computing capacity from the al time requirements is EtherCAT. EtherCAT controller. Moreover, this is provided free of However, this would be completely unaccep- has become popular due to very short cycle charge to members of the EtherCAT Techno- table for controlling, e.g., a pick-and-place times and low communication jitter. In con- logy Group. ETG membership is also free. robot. In this situation, a gripper arm must trast to similar protocols, dedicated hardware move along a predefined path, possibly ro- is available for EtherCAT slaves. The functional Microcontroller tate around various axes, and pick up an principle is based upon hardware-integrated with integrated EtherCAT object. function blocks (so-called IPs), since algorithms implemented in the hardware are sig- Several motors work in unison to control the nificantly faster. The processing of messages Some semiconductor manufacturers even go drive. If a motor fails to perform exactly in the software would lead to additional la- one step further and integrate the EtherCAT within a given time window, the gripper arm tency periods. In many cases, this hardware is IP developed by Beckhoff in their products. will still reach its destination, but may end achieved using an additional ASIC (usually The world‘s first microcontroller with integ- up in the wrong place at the wrong time ET1200 or ET1100 from Beckhoff). rated EtherCAT IP was launched by Infineon:

30 Powered by www.rutronik.com Main Topic|Embedded

The XMC4300 and the XMC4800 even take Members of the EtherCAT Organization the additional latency in the communication have free access to the EtherCAT stack. between MCU and ASCI out of the equation. The LAN9252 can be used for simple appli- They are powered by ARM Cortex™ M4 and cations such as the switching or reading of run at 144 MHz. The XMC4300 is designed as digital inputs and outputs, even without an a gateway controller and can replace the ASIC additional microcontroller. and the controller in less advanced applications. Besides reducing costs and the number But what happens if an application being de- of components, it also facilitates develop- veloped should be able to use other protocols ment. Infineon‘s development platform besides EtherCAT to communicate? Device DAVE™ with an integrated application-orien- development in various versions based on R IN32M3-EC ted app for programming EtherCAT slaves communication via EtherNet/IP, PROFINET or from Renesas provides excellent performance. similar protocols would then require a unique hardware design – and have to bear all the The XMC4800 runs with the same core as the associated costs. Alternatively, the entire as the EtherCAT protocol must be implemen- XMC4300 at 144 MHz, but offers much more hardware could be executed in one device ted at hardware level. Every combination in terms of peripheral devices, flash, and RAM. version. This would however result in certain with an R IN or LAN9252 is possible. Many It can be used, e.g., to simultaneously control hardware elements not being used, depending developers recognize the flexibility provided two industrial motors, while the controller on which version is run. by a solu-tion consisting of a microcontroller assumes communication with the EtherCAT with a separate transceiver, particularly when network. Renesas provides a solution for this situation: various protocols need to be supported. The The R IN32M3-EC is a SoC (System on Chip), large ARM Cortex™ portfolio from STMicro- Most of the currently applied EtherCAT which – similar to the LAN9252 from Micro- electronics includes the right controller for slaves employ an 8-bit controller and an chip – can assume communication and fea- practically every application. ASIC for communication. The ASIC or the tures integrated PHYs. In addition to Ether- applied module account for the majority of CAT, the R IN32M3-EC also supports Ether- Original IPs from Beckhoff the component costs. If both elements are Net/IP, PROFINET (RT), Modbus TCP, CC-Link, replaced with a fully integrated EtherCAT CANopen, and other protocols. The SoC allows controller module, it results in a reduced the development of hardware that is suitable All the solutions presented here use original number of external components and thus for various protocols; only the software has IPs from Beckhoff and thus continue to build less cost and space required. This enables the to be adapted. Moreover, the R-IN comes with on the original implementation of the Ether- cost-effi-cient integration of more intelli- an integrated accelerator for the real-time CAT inventor. This guarantees the best poss- gence into the EtherCAT slaves. This also operating system. The response time for pro- ible compatibility from the start. means less traffic on the bus, because a lot tocols with a software stack is then five times of data is already processed locally. A Cor- faster than with a conventional software so- Complete EtherCAT solutions texM4 with integrated floating point unit for lution. The integrated Cortex™ M3 operates calculating floating point numbers offers a at 100 MHz and can assume certain tasks lot more opportunities than a simple 8-bit from a host microcontroller. EtherCAT is usually used in environments controller. that demand utmost reliability and stability. After the success of R-IN, Renesas went a step Interference resistance and cable lengths are EtherCAT further and launched the RZ/T1, a fully inte- influenced extensively by the signal quality. for existing applications grated microprocessor: The complete multi- Favorably priced MEMS oscillators, such as protocol solution of the R-IN, combined with the Microchip DSC100x, offer extensive reli- a 600 MHz ARM Cortex™ R4F real-time core ability in terms of FIT, shock and vibration Microchip has taken a slightly different path: and deterministic response behavior, make resistance, as well as excellent temperature The LAN9252 is a 3-port EtherCAT slave con- the RZ/T1 an ideal microprocessor module for stability and an extra small footprint. Crys- troller with dual integrated PHYs. The applications in the high end motor control tals or crystal oscillators are ideal for mee- LAN9252 is available in a 9x9 QFN package. sector and industrial communication. ting strict tolerance requirements and achie- This provides system developers, for instance, ving very high temperature stability. The with a space-saving solution for implemen- Stacks for FA-238 series from EPSON is a recommend- ting EtherCAT in an existing application. EtherCAT communication able 25 MHz crystal. The low-jitter oscillator series SG-210STF is a good choice for ultra- The LAN9252 can be easily connected to al- precise applications. If the Ethernet PHYs most all microcontrollers via SPI/SQI or par- Even manufacturers that have not yet in- have not yet been integrated in the EtherCAT allel bus. The SQI interface enables a high te-grated EtherCAT as hardware IP in their solutions, it is important to pay attention to data throughput rate with a simple board products recognize the trend. For example, the quality of manufacture. The KSZ8061, for layout. The LAN9252 is of particular interest STMicroelectronics in cooperation with soft- example, delivers outstanding anti-inter- when employing known microcontrollers for ware suppliers offers various stacks as source ference performance with cable diagnostics, a new application in order to continue using codes or binary files that enable STM32 con- uniquely low emissions and – particularly existing know-how in the form of written trollers to be used as EtherCAT slaves. Need- important – extremely low latency and start- software adapted to specific controllers. less to say, additional hardware is necessary, up times. ■

www.rutronik.com Powered by 31 Main Topic|Embedded

Flash Memory All NANDs are not the Same

SLC, MLC, TLC, 3D – NAND Flash memory systems are available AND Flash is a non-volatile memo- in a variety of technologies. Knowing what is available helps find ry which retains data even with no power supply. But the retention time the optimum memory for a specific application. Nhas its limits; memory cells malfunction, are no longer able to receive data, or might even lose what they already hold. Author: Patrick Twele, Product Sales Manager Each Flash memory cell stores data on a floating gate coated by an insulating oxide layer. When data is written, deleted and read, electrons are moved into the floating gate by electrical voltage. This degrades the insulating effect of the oxide layer, however, causing the previously moved charge to flow away again – the memory cell is faulty. Conse- quently, the number of program-erase (P/E) cycles is limited.

How long data is retained in a cell (data retention) depends on the number of P/E cycles, but also on the ambient temperature and the _0F9CR_Rutronik_Rutroniker.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 148.00 mm);15. Sep 2016 12:25:11 flash technology used.

One bit per cell

SLC (single-level cell) flash technology is able to store one bit per cell. This means that there are two different voltage levels on the floating gate: charged or uncharged. They are Fig. 1: Data retention dependent on P/E cycles easy to differentiate, and so there is little susceptibility to error. Consequently, this technology provides up to 100,000 P/E cycles before losing data.

A disadvantage, however, is the relatively high price per bit. To cut that cost, more data needs to be stored on a cell, meaning the number of bits has to be increased. To that end, the charge in a memory cell is metered more finely, and evaluated more exactly when being read.

Two bits per cell

With MLC (multi-level cell) technology, two bits per cell can be stored. That means there are four different voltage levels on the floating gate. As they are more difficult to differentiate, the probability of error is increased. So only 3,000 P/E cycles can be expected with this technology. Fig. 2: Data retention dependent on temperature The most professional choice. 32 Powered by www.rutronik.com Main Topic|Embedded

A derivative of MLC is eMLC. It moves fewer NAND structures are created in ever smaller • Wear Leveling ensures consistent usage of electrons through the various voltage dimensions, to enable more efficient pro- all memory cells by writing to the ones that levels. As a result, the program-erase cycles duction. As a result, the floating gate and its are least worn down. are increased to as many as 30,000, though oxide layer also shrink – and so the insulation there is a simultaneous reduction in data is reduced. • Paged Based Mapping reduces the volume retention. of data actually written to the flash memory That is to say: All methods of reducing pro- when storing. Since the architecture dictates MLC in SLC mode (pseudo-SLC, SuperMLC, duction cost entail a deterioration in quality that entire memory blocks are always SLC Lite, etc.) is an MLC technology which is of the flash memory: The bit error rate in- addressed, the written data volume can be addressed like an SLC technology: Only two creases, the number of program-erase cycles considerably higher than the volume that ac- bits per cell are used, so fewer voltage levels reduces, and performance and data retention tually need to be stored. have to be differentiated, and the suscep- worsen. This means increasingly complex tibility to error is reduced. This permits memory management is required to turn the • Auto Refresh scans all the memory cells in about 20,000 P/E cycles. lower-quality flash cells into industrial mean inactive moment, and checks the quality mory. of the stored data against a limit value. If the The TLC (triple-level cell) flash technology is limit value is exceeded, the data is copied to able to store three bits per cell, meaning eight Flash memory a different block. This means that rarely used voltage levels are possible on the floating for industry data is also retained. gate. Differentiating them clearly is very complex, and correspondingly susceptible to error. • Read Retry repeats a read operation if un- So the expected P/E cycles are reduced to A flash memory cell includes the memory correctable errors occur. The second try is between 600 and 900. component as well as a controller with firm- carried out with different internal voltage ware to handle the management. These ma- levels. This rules out errors resulting from dif- Shrinkage is a further step in flash production nagement features perform tasks which are fering temperatures between the read and aimed at cutting cost per bit. In this, the vital in the industrial environment: write operations.

_0F9CR_Rutronik_Rutroniker.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 148.00 mm);15. Sep 2016 12:25:11 Advertisement

The most professional choice. www.rutronik.com Powered by 33 Main Topic|Embedded

Flash Type SLC E-MLC MLC TLC Bit per Cell 1 Bit 2 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit Design Structure 21 nm 2x nm 15 nm 15 nm Structure Change ~36 months ~24 months ~12 months 12 months Data Retention Up to 10 years Up to 10 years Up to 10 years Up to 10 years 1 year @ life end 3 months @ life end 1 year @ life end 1/2 year @ life end

1 year @ life end 3 months @ life end 1 year @ life end 1/2 year @ life end Program/Erase Up to 100.000 30.000 3.000 600 to 900 PEcycle Industrial Temperature x x x – Range Low Power xx x x – Consumption Cost per GB – x xx xxx Write xxx x x – Performance

Density Performance Endurance Power Manufacturing Consumtion Process 2D NAND Low Low Low High Simple 3D NAND High (2x) High (2x) High (3-10x) Low Complex

Source: Transcend

• Read Disturb counts the number of read This means customers have enough time to operations to a memory cell and, when a spe- conduct tests and find alternatives if neces- cific number is reached, copies the content to sary. Last Time Buy and End of Life are also a different cell. Since every time a memory specified in this. cell is read both the cell itself and surrounding cells are degraded, a limit of this kind protects Technological advances such as shrinkage against data loss. come up against physical barriers. The initial 70nm structures of flash cells have been re- • Power Fail Protection protects data in the duced down to 15nm at present – a size that event of an unexpected voltage drop. This can can barely be made any smaller. Instead of be assured by way of the firmware or by ca- driving forward developments in that area, pacitors. the two-dimensional layout of the flash cells has been fundamentally changed, and exten- Focus on industry ded into the third dimension. This 3D NAND technology stacks layers of memory cells vertically, so creating a far greater memory den- Another key factor in terms of industrial ap- sity than would be possible in two dimen- plications is a fixed BoM (Bill of Materials) in sions. Compared to 2D NAND, it thus results combination with PCN (Product Change No- in smaller form factors, less power consump- tification) handling. Prior to start of series tion, far greater capacities, and longer endu- production of a flash memory, all the compo- rance. Intel launched the first 3D NAND flash nents are checked to ensure their adequacy memory onto the market in Q3/2016. Other for industrial use. A 100% fixed BoM guaran- Rutronik partners will be following starting tees that all the memory hardware and soft- in Q1/2017. ware components are identical to those subjected to advance testing. Because, depending Rutronik offers all currently available on the on the application, any changes to a compo- market form factors and capacities and nent or to the firmware might have serious will continue to do so in the future. – As a effects. To counteract this, manufacturers partner of Intel, Swissbit, Apacer, Toshiba and specializing in the industrial market commu- Transcend Rutronik is in close contact with all nicate any such changes in advance in a PCN. the leading manufacturers. ■

34 Powered by www.rutronik.com Main Topic|Embedded

RENESAS SYNERGY ™ – THE WORLD’S FIRST QUALIFIED EMBEDDED MCU SOFTWARE PLATFORM. Develop from the API and focus on what you do best – Innovation!

Renesas SynergyTM is a comprehensive qualiﬁ ed and supported Start development from the API and focus your platform that integrates a feature rich software suite, a resources on innovation! scalable family of microcontrollers and a complete integrated solution development environment. ¡ Improve your time to market ¡ Reduce total cost of ownership ¡ Break down barriers to entry ¡ Qualified, warranted and supported by Renesas

FIND OUT MORE AT www.renesassynergy.com Focus|Displays

OLED Endless Possibilities Displays are often a prominent feature in science-fiction and futuristic visions. We have now actually reached that future: OLEDs enable the creation of thin, flexible, transparent displays, and in new shapes too. They offer enormous opportunities to add new features to existing applications, or to create entirely new-style products.

Author: Nikolai Schnarz, Produktmanager Displays & Monitors

ost displays are still based on only thing standing in the way of a break- Thin-film encapsulation is enabling even thin- LCD (liquid crystal display) or TFT through for OLEDs at present is their rela- ner and more flexible metal- and glass-based (thin-film transistor) technology. tively short lives. Single OLEDs have already OLEDs to be created. According to their con- MBut OLED (organic light emitting diode) dis- achieved over 30,000 hours, and ongoing trol method, a distinction is made between plays are increasingly being used especially development will see that figure rise still Passive Matrix OLEDs (PMOLED) and Active to create highly innovative displays, to meet higher. Manufacturers are also working to Matrix OLEDs (AMOLED): very specific requirements, or to implement improve their lighting efficiency to above large diagonal formats. They use organic ma- 30%. Passive Matrix OLED terials which emit light when connected to a power source. OLEDs were initially based primarily on rigid glass substrates. Today curved displays, or PMOLEDs use a simple sequential control As opposed to TFTs, this means they are self- even round ones such as those from DLC, are scheme. It activates one row (or line) of the illuminating, and need no backlighting. The to be found in smart watches for example. display after another. As PMOLEDs contain

36 Powered by www.rutronik.com Nesscap_Rutroniker.pdf;S: 1;Format:(112.00 x 297.00 mm);27. Sep 2016 16:39:05

Focus|Displays

no storage capacitor, most pixel rows are off most of the time. To nevertheless achieve a certain level of brightness, a higher voltage is required. This entails a number of issues: PMOLEDs are not particularly energy-efficient, and their relatively high voltage means their lives are short. This issue imposes limits in terms of resolution and size, too, because the required voltage increases with the number of rows. So PMOLED displays are typically not larger than 3“. NessNessccaapp Ultracapacitors introduces NEW Product Generation

NEW

Their major plus-point is their lower price, thanks to their simple, low-cost manufacture. Some manufacturers are already offering flexible PMOLED displays, such as in fitness bracelets. Transparent models are also available.

Active Matrix OLED

AMOLEDs use a thin-film transistor with a stor-age capacitor. The capacitor ensures that only one row of pixels changes at a time; all the others are lit the whole time. As a result, AMOLEDs need less power than PMOLEDs, deliver shorter refresh rates, and al- ö low for larger displays with higher resolutions. They Highly Efficient Rugged Mechanical Design are more complex to manufacture, however, which Exceptional shock and vibration performance makes the end-product more expensive. ö Low Equivalent Series Resistance Foil AMOLEDs are a special design form which permits Patented electrode technology with lowest ESR the creation of curved displays. They are based on a ö WideWide Temperature Range flexible plastic substrate which prowvides the OLED Extremely reliable performance from-40°C to +65°C with little protection against damage by damp and ö oxygen. Manufacturers enhance leak-tightness with LongLong OpeOperraatitioonalnal LiLiffee optimized barrier layers. 1,000,000 cycles (nominal voltage down to half voltage) Good prospects ö Industry standard 60mm design Ease of use for integration or replacement At present OLEDs are used mainly as smartphone of current large cell designs displays and in other consumer electronics products, in medical devices, as lighting solutions, and on- Various potential applications, such as: board cars, such as for dashboard and cabin lighting, as well as for entirely new applications such as head- Wind Pitch Control, Railway & Tram, Automotive, Grid, up displays and digital interior rear-view mirrors. If Back-Up Power, Cranes, AGV, Hybrid Truck & Bus etc. manufacturers succeed in improving the energy and lighting efficiency of OLEDs, they will spread to in- More information about Nesscap Ultracapacitors: creasingly wide-ranging applications in the coming [email protected] years, and fuel developers‘ imaginations in creating new product ideas on many different markets. ■ www.nesscap.com www.rutronik.com Powered by 37 Focus|Sensors

Wireless Sensor System with Kinetic Energy Converter in the Form of a Screw for Commercial Vehicles Research Cooperation Project of the TU Chemnitz and IK Elektronik GmbH

Research and development he electronic system in the screw rent geographical vehicle widths, the system centers on a wireless sensor functions without a battery. It con- must be stable and independent of tempera- verts kinetic energy from vibrations ture influences, particularly regarding the system integrated into a screw; atT the fixing element into electrical energy material stretching. The system needs to be the system measures and and uses this energy for sensor signal con- as small as possible due to the limited space. ditioning and processing. The sensor cannot processes sensor signals and be distinguished externally from a standard Development sends them to a measurement screw. challenges data processing system. Areas of deployment with robust design Vibrations in vehicles arise with different amplitudes and frequencies. Energy converters thus generate alternating voltages with dif- Author: The most important application scenario is ferent amplitude and frequency. Particularly Andreas Mangler, Head of Strategic Marketing using the screw in vehicles at different instal- when it comes to only very small vibration lation points. Examples for system application amplitudes, very small alternating voltages are belt buckles, trailer hitches, and particu- arise. Standard rectifiers are able to rectify larly sensors in the area of the vehicle’s gear- very small voltages, but not without large box and engine. Dust and splash water must losses. The required boost converters must not have any effects on the screw itself; de- exhibit a high degree of effectiveness and ployment in a robust environment must be stellar starting behavior. Energy converters possible. The housing must be hermetically and energy management need to be opti- sealed to the greatest possible extent. mized for certain vibration frequency ranges. Additionally, the mechanical specifications Moreover, in view of the different potential and the use in a metallic environment posed ambient temperatures resulting from winter/ great challenges in the development of the Fig.1: summer operation and deployment in diffe- energy converter. Arrangement of the electronics in the sensor screw in various configurations (source: IK Elektronik GmbH)

38 Powered by www.rutronik.com Focus|Sensors

priately. The conversion of ambient vibra- trical Measurements and Sensor Technology tions into electrical energy is based on the (MST) at Technical University Chemnitz uses relative movement between magnet and a moving magnet between two permanently solenoid according to Faraday’s law. Litera- fixed magnets to generate a variable mag- ture on this subject contains various types netic field depending on the ambient vibra- of electrodynamic energy production, which tions. The solenoid and its connections are can be sub-divided according to the mecha- fixed in this structure, meaning that greater nical structure of the spring-mass system: reliability is attained when the energy is use of bending beams, magnetic springs, or converted. spiral springs.

Mechanical and electrical structure

IK Elektronik developed the prototype of an Fig.2: assembly housed in the head of a screw. This Example of a mechanical structure for an energy converter contains the rectifiers and voltage multipliers, with the fixed and moving elements storage capacitors and energy management wiring, microcontrollers with sensor application (contact sensor, temperature sensor, and pressure sensor), radio transceiver, and The challenge for IK Elektronik in developing antenna. the electronics was to obtain a usable direct voltage with highest possible effectiveness Various applications can be mooted thanks from the lowest alternating voltages, and to to the combination with the TU Chemnitz store the energy in an appropriate manner. electrodynamic energy converter in a screw. Fig.3.: Finite element analysis regarding Depending on the amount of stored energy, Functionality can be optimized based on the the energy converter’s magnetic field distribution connected electronics may be operated for vibration energy available in the respective in the sensor system longer or shorter periods. target environment. The converter’s energy yield is chiefly depen- The most applied methods of energy gene- Various dent on the magnet size and the magnetic ration using vibrations are based on electro- investigation concepts field strength, number, and quantity of sole- dynamic, piezoelectric, electrostatic, or elec- noid winds, as well as the excitation frequen- tromagnetic principles. An electrodynamic cy and amplitude, irrespective of the configu- energy converter, comprising a cylindrical Various solutions were investigated regar- ration in use, i.e. a moving magnet or moving magnet and a surrounding solenoid, is a good ding the structure of the energy converter. solenoid. For the energy converter design, the choice to be used in a screw. This is because Two concepts were proposed vis-à-vis apply- FEM analysis (finite element method) was such a converter achieves a large increase in ing the magnetic spring principle. The solu- used and can be adjusted to different kinetic resonance when the system is set up appro- tion developed by the Professorship of Elec- profiles and sizes.

Panasonic_EN.PDF;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 74.00 mm);13. Sep 2016 16:26:45

BRINGING STRATEGIC INNOVATION AND INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY TO OUR CUSTOMER

www.rutronik.com Powered by 39 eu.industrial.panasonic.com

PAN150543_Anzeige_Rutroniker_v02.indd 1 04.08.16 11:47 Focus|Sensors

Test series with the energy converter Short Profile IK Elektronik: TU Chemnitz created two prototypes for using Since it was established in 1996, IK quality standards, IK Elektronik handles a moving magnet; the open circuit voltage for Elektronik has risen to become one of demanding tasks particularly in the field the systems was measured. The applied test Germany’s leading service providers for of high frequency and radio technology. structure consists of a vibration shaker as a developing and manufacturing custo- IK Elektronik has developed more than synthetic external vibration source, moni- mer-specific high-frequency assemblies, 300 products to date; a similar number of tored by a laser sensor, measuring the deflec- radio assemblies, and radio devices. products are manufactured each year with tion in use and frequency stimulation. The 15 engineers at the Muldenhammer and quantities of between 10 pieces and 1 mil- vibration shaker is operated in a closed con- Dresden sites develop radio products in lion pieces. IK Elektronik was awarded the trol circuit together with a laser sensor, a the fields of Smart Home, Smart Grid, ‘Großer Preis des Mittelstandes’ (German controller, and an amplifier; the vibration Smart Metering, Antennas, Automati- Grand Prix for SMEs) in 2014 and cele- amplitude can be controlled with this control on Technology, and many more besides. brates the 20th anniversary of its found- circuit. The trials have been carried out for a IK Elektronik’s range of services when ing in 2016. vibration amplitude of 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 2 it comes to development includes elec- mm in a frequency range of 5 to 30 Hz (Fig.4). tronic and high-frequency development, Contact: software development and design, right IK Elektronik GmbH The resonance frequency of the intended through to test equipment construction. Dipl.-Ing. (FH) André Volkmar structure is in the range 25-30 Hz, depending The company’s own prototype construc- [email protected] on the solenoid and excitation amplitude in tion center also realizes small quantities Friedrichsgrüner Straße 11-13 use. By applying the magnetic spring prin- and complex devices; transmission mea- D-08262 Muldenhammer ciple, the resonance frequency can also be set surements of up to 6 GHz can be carried to other values relatively simply. As the mea- out in the in-house antenna measuring surement values show, open circuit peak vol- room. The high-performance electronics tages of over 500 mV were achieved. manufacturing from IK Elektronik equips PCBs with multiple SMT lines, assembles Research cooperation devices, and tests assemblies. With high

This piece of work is a cooperation project with the title ‘Wireless Sensor System with Central Innovation Programme for SMEs electronic components, particularly in the field Kinetic Energy Converter in Screw Form for (ZIM) of the Federal Ministry for Economic of sensors and wireless products (Rutronik Commercial Vehicles’ between the Technische Affairs and Energy (BMWi). SMART) and collaborates closely as part of Ba- Universität Chemnitz, Professorship of Elec- chelor and Master theses with the Professor- trical Measurements and Sensor Technology Rutronik supports both research partners in ship of Electrical Measurements and Sensor (MST) and IK Elektronik, supported by the terms of application consultancy regarding the Technology (MST) at TU Chemnitz. ■

Fig.4: Open circuit output voltage for the developed magnetic spring energy converter (a) for excitation amplitudes of 1 mm and 2 mm with a wire diameter of 0.2 mm. (b) for excitation amplitudes of 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 2 mm with a wire diameter of 0.09 mm.

40 Powered by www.rutronik.com Focus|Sensors

Short Profile Technische Universität Chemnitz: The TU Chemnitz is a byword for excellent and systems, sensors, actuators, control systems in industrial environments and envi- research. Right from today, the pressing circuits), design, technology, testing and ronmental monitoring, meters for cable diag- overarching social issues of the future application of components and systems, nosis, battery management systems, or tactile are being placed on the agenda with the intelligent sensors based on novel tech- sensors. core competencies of materials and in- nologies, interfaces between the nano, telligent systems, resource efficiencies in micro, and macro worlds, not to mention Contact: production and lightweight construction, the reliability of components and systems. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Olfa Kanoun as well as people and technology. Fin- The Professorship of Electrical Measure- [email protected] dings of basic research and application- ments and Sensor Technology boasts years www.tu-chemnitz.de/etit/messtech/ oriented research are hereby leading to of comprehensive experience in the field Technische Universität Chemnitz, promising solutions. TU Chemnitz has of sensors, system design, signal proces- Electrical Engineering and Information Tech- been involved since 2012 in the Federal sing, and embedded systems. The research nology, Professorship of Electrical Measure- Excellence Initiative with the first and focuses on the fields of wireless energy ments and Sensor Technology, sole Federal Excellence Cluster in the field self-sufficient sensors, impedance spec- Reichenhainer Straße 70 of lightweight construction research. troscopy, nanocomposite sensors, and D-09126 Chemnitz energy storage diagnosis. Thanks to close The Faculty of Electrical Engineering and cooperation with industrial companies, a Information Technology places the focus wide range of differing findings from basic of its research on microsystem technology research have already been able to be im- and nanoelectronics, smart systems inte- plemented in products. This has manifes- gration (miniaturization of components ted itself, for example, as wireless sensor

Telit_EN.PDF;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 148.00 mm);14. Sep 2016 09:34:35 Advertisement THE IoT SIMPLIFIED Experience Class-Leading, Module-Level Solutions Including Bluetooth, LTE CAT-1 and GNSS-DR

Learn more now: www.telit.com/all-the-modules-you-need

Rutroniker Advertisement v2-2.indd 1 6/13/2016 3:50:57 PM Focus|Wireless

IoT SoCs and SoMs One-Chip Wonder If „dumb“ devices are going to get smart, developers are going to have to get to grips with trusted gateways, E2E encryption, private and public keys, wireless protocols and profiles, and the RED regulation. Yes, there are IoT single-chip solutions that incorporate all the facets. The overview indicates whether they are really keeping their promises, and what stumbling blocks await along the way.

Author: Bernd Hantsche, Marketing Director Embedded & Wireless

The entry-level class: M0 core systems

A small ARM Cortex M0 or M0+ core is sufficient for many applications. It enables measurement data to be transferred to the Cloud in order to make wear assessments and carry out remote adjustments. With over-the-air updates, firmware, wireless stacks and application code can be updated in response to new legislation, bugs or security threats, including in after-sales. is a pure ANT stack, the S310 is the corres- in the LGA package, the ISP1302 modules ponding multi-protocol variant for simulta- even have a built-in antenna. The smartphone is often the first point of ac- neous use of ANT and BLE. This is useful to cess to the Internet. An energy-efficient op- connect a power-saving ANT mesh network The latest releases of the TC35678 and tion for it is the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to an Apple iPhone which itself does no sup- TC35679 ICs from Toshiba focus on an ultra- interface. The following one-chip wonders are port ANT. low-power variant. At 3V operating voltage, a popular choice in implementing it: they consume just 3.6mA in TX mode and RF Digital markets the RFduino family 3.3mA in RX mode. The market leader in BLE interfaces is Nordic alongside the naked nRF51822 variants. The Semiconductor‘s nRF51822. The product fa- RFduino family features a pre-installed S110 Microchip/Atmel‘s SAM B11 features 128kB mily is available with 16 or 32kB RAM, with SoftDevice, with a software layer configured of RAM and a 256kB flash memory. 128 or 256kB of flash memory, and in a QFN above it which simplifies the control of BLE or WLCSP package. The hardware is designed and the GPIOs. In this way, actuators or sensor With an in-house 16-bit core clocked at 32 for low power consumption, and is backed by devices can be implemented with just a few MHz and delivering 41 DMIPS processing po- the company‘s in-house Bluetooth stacks, lots lines of code. A rule applicable to all BLE ap- wer, the RL78/G1D family by Renesas is playing of application-specific SDKs, and outstanding plications is that custom apps have to be pro- in the same league. Four variants are available: support. The success of this IC family and its grammed for different smartphone operating SoCs with 128kB, 192kB and 256kB flash and extensive software is also down to the mo- systems. That is not the case with the SIMB- an SoM based on the 256kB flash IC. dule manufacturers: LEE nRF51822 module: The associated app is programmed once, and stored in the wireless For more demanding needs: Fujitsu‘s nRF51822 based modules are targe- module. All that is necessary is to install the M4 core systems ted more at customers with higher production SIMBLEE app, which imports the actual con- ambitions. tent from the module, from the smartphone operating systems‘ stores. With an EEMBC CoreMark rating of 215 – mean- Dynastream‘s nRF51422 uses the big nurse ing 65 CoreMarks per mA, or 3.36 CoreMarks call of the nRF51822. So the modules of the The newest addition to the Rutronik linecard per MHz – the nRF52832 is likely the most N5 family additionally support the SoftDe- is Insight SiP with its system-on-module so- efficient BLE SoC at present. In a 6x6mm 48- vices S210 and S310. While the S210 protocol lutions based on the nRF51822. At just 8x8mm pin QFN or 3.2x3.0mm WLCSP package, it is

42 Powered by www.rutronik.com Focus|Wireless

designed for easy processing and comes in a highly compact form factor. With battery- friendly supply voltage from 1.7V and adjustable transmission power between +4dBm and -20dBm, it is suitable for larger ranges as well as for security-critical applications which require a short range. The nRF52832 is increasingly being used in developments for which an nRF51822 would sufficient. Arguments in favor of that include the integrated balun filter and the built-in NFC transceiver for Blue- tooth fast pairing. In terms of external com- Redpine Signals likewise uses an ARM M4 based on a 1.5GHz and 1.7GHz Atom core. ponents, only 11 passive components and one core, but adopts a different approach in terms With up to 8 gigabytes (!) of RAM and 16GB 32MHz quartz crystal are required! of connectivity: The WiSeMCU family also of flash memory, WiFi, BLE, HDMI, USB 3.0 and supports conventional Bluetooth EDR, ZigBee pre-installed Linux Distribution, the compact There are also SoM variants alongside the and dual-band WiFi in addition to BLE. All the 24x48mm module offers the power for real- SoC. They come pre-certified, normally for protocols and application profiles of the vari- time 3D modeling, people tracking, human Europe, the USA and Canada. The Dynastream ous wireless standards are already integrated, interaction, and object recognition tasks. The- D52 series based on the nRF52832 also offers so the 128kB SRAM and 1MB Flash memory re is connectivity based on WiFi and Blue- certification for Japan, Australia, New Zea- is generously dimensioned. Users for whom tooth integration, but local computing power land and Korea. Although both quartz crystals the 21x15mm RS10003-NBZ-D0M with all can significantly reduce the data traffic up to and a printed antenna are built-in, the mo- the peripherals is too big will find a lower- the Cloud in many applications. Joule is even dule measures just 14x9.8mm. Users willing cost variant in the RS100002-NBZ-S0M, suitable for building drones, robots, VR head- to sacrifice an additional 20x20mm on their without 5GHz support, but featuring 104kB sets, data-gloves or intelligent gateways. PCB can also opt for the variant with 30 SRAM, 512kB Flash, and in a slim 14x15mm GPIOs or integrated 3-axis accelerometer. form factor. Both versions can be specified For individualists: without ZigBee, WiFi or Bluetooth 4.0DM. Multi-chip Do It Yourself Telit and Fujitsu also make modules based on That is not only more cost-effective, but also the nRF52832. As in its cellular series, Telit re- saves on available storage space. lies on a family concept for its Bluetooth mo- All SoC and SoM systems have one thing in dules: The new BlueMod+S42 with 10x17mm The professional segment: common: they are never perfect. Something is compatible in terms of form and pins with Atom core systems is always too much – be it the peripherals, the older BlueMod+S and BlueMod+SR models, the computing resources, the certification, and also has the same software interfaces. The or the software in the memory. So ultimate- FWM7BLZ20 from Fujitsu, at 15.7x9.8mm and Intel is demonstrating more and more benefits ly customers are paying for features they featuring 5.4mA power consumption, is not in the application of its x86 core architecture. don‘t need. A technically perfect solution is only small but also an ultra-low-power module. The tried and proven command sets familiar always a custom one. That is true in relation from Pentium times are now also being used to the hardware configuration and the wire- The ISP1507 module from InsightSiP impres- in small microcontrollers down to the scale of less protocols. In terms of hardware, the ses with a built-in antenna, and has a foot- the Quark family. Now Intel is unpacking the ballast is accepted in order to save on certi- print of just 8x8mm. jackhammer, presenting the Joule: an SoM fication costs and time to market. In a radi- cal Do-It-Yourself implementation of a high- frequency design,100 man-years and more would rapidly be accumulated. That is something which corporations can little afford nowadays.

Thumbs-up for SoC and SoM

State-of-the-art SoCs and SoMs offer enormous savings, and developers are able to focus fully on their application-specific core tasks. As the single-chip solutions market grows, the scalability of the component choice is also improving. What is ultimately the best chip choice depends on the specific tasks at hand, so across-the-board recommendations are useless. What certainly is a useful idea is to consult an expert from the Wireless Compe- tence Center. ■

www.rutronik.com Powered by 43 Focus|Passive Components

Multilayer Ceramic Chip Capacitors Determining Capacitance Values Correctly

Multilayer ceramic chip capacitors (MLCCs) are reaching the market with ever-greater capacitance Checklist if Low Capacitance values without increasing in size. Values Have Been Determined: Unpleasant side effect: It is • Has the nominal measuring signal been set correctly? becoming more and more difficult • Does the actual effective measuring voltage conform to specifications? • Has a de-aging procedure been carried out? to measure the correct capacitance • Has full zero-point calibration taken place? value. The values determined by users are frequently too low, which regularly results in significant n terms of quality assurance, users tend The reason for this is basically the characte- to measure more parameters more fre- ristics of the applied materials, the base ce- extra expenditure. However, this quently, including the capacitance value ramics. These are barium titanates, which are Iof MLCCs; not just to check that the correct in fact ferromagnet materials that ensure C situation could easily be avoided component is installed but also to ensure value drifting as a direct result of influencing if certain aspects were addressed. specified tolerances are met. Use of the po- variables such as temperature, DC bias, AC pular HiCap MLCCs with C values of 1.0µF voltage, and aging, which becomes even and higher and the associated very low ESR / more profound the higher the capacitance Author: Jürgen Geier, impedance values, in particular, often result value. Some examples of this MLCC behavior Field Application Engineer in incorrect measurements. are shown at graphic 1.

Graphic 1: Examples of this MLCC behavior

Source: Murata Präsi „KC Murata Cap-DF-Messen_ measure_20060314.pdf”

Temperature characteristic AC-Voltage characteristic

DC-bias characteristic Aging characteristic

44 Powered by www.rutronik.com Focus|Passive Components

Nominal Capacitance Meawsuring Frequency Measuring Voltage display, otherwise a separate voltmeter is a good alternative. C ≤ 10µF (10V or grater) 1 ± 0.1kHz 1.0 ± 0.2Vrms C ≤ 10µF (6.3V or less) 1 ± 0.1kHz 0.5 ± 0.1Vrms De-aging C > 10µF 120 ± 24Hz 0.5 ± 0.1Vrms

Table 1: Nominal measuring conditions all type 2 / class 2 ceramics at a room or ambient temperature of +25°C Source: Murata Präsi „KC Murata Cap-DF-Messen_measure_20060314.pdf“ If the capacitors are measured as part of an incoming inspection process, i.e. measured before actually being used, the phenomenon Performance Test condition of aging also comes into play. This reduction of capacitance over time, so-called aging, will Capacitance Within specified 1kHz ± 10% 1.0 ± 2 Vrms be greater or less depending on the age of tolerance * A capacitor prior to measuring the capacitance components. A significant loss in capacitance Tan ∂ (DF) 0.1 max. is heat treated at 150°C+0/–10°C for 1 hour and maintained in ambient air for 24±2 hours. value is experienced with HiCaps which can exhibit an aging rate of over 5% per decade Table 2: Extract from the data sheet of a 4.7µF 50V ceramic X7R (assembly 1210) Source: Samsung hour.

It is imperative to compensate any devia- Capacitance (1) 4.5.1 Class 2: Within specified tolerance tions caused by a difference in component At 20 °C, 24 hrs after annealing ages, especially when you need to be able to

f = 1 kHz for C ≤ 10 µF, rated voltage > 6.3 V, measuring at voltage 1 Vrms at 20 °C reference, i.e. compare, C values. Since aging

f = 1 kHz for C ≤ 10 µF, rated voltage ≤ 6.3 V, measuring at voltage 0.5 Vrms at 20 °C is a reversible process, the MLCCs need to be re-heated. In other words, they are subjected f = 120 Hz for C > 10 µF, measuring at voltage 0.5 Vrms at 20 °C to the industry‘s standard de-aging proce- Table 3: Catalog extract Yageo General Purpose & High Capacitance Class 2, X7R dure. This involves heating the capacitor to a temperature above the Curie point, typically +150°C, for about one hour. In order to achieve the required level of stabili- etc.) are defined in table 1 at a room or am- zation for measurements, the components Correct bient temperature of +25°C: should be allowed to rest for 24 hours in measuring voltage advance. This procedure is increasingly re- The very low impedance of the capacitors commended by component manufacturers in A correct measurement initially demands ap- leads to the measuring circuits of the devices their data sheets and catalogs (see Table 2 propriate zero-point calibration, namely as being loaded to such a degree that the measu- and 3). „open compensation“ and „short compen- ring voltage often drops. The result is C valu- sation“. It is then particularly important to es that are well below the actual values. Spe- Support check the effective measuring voltage, as cially design measuring devices featuring ALC from component manufacturers an insufficient voltage is the main source of (AutoLevelControl), e.g. Agilent 4284A, erroneously determined C values. 4278A, 4268A, offer a remedy to this problem. The ALC ensures the measuring voltage at the In rare cases, the determined C value is still Apart from a few exceptions, the nominal capacitor achieves the actually preset measu- too low despite all these aspects being con- measuring conditions for all type 2 / class 2 ring voltage. This is easy to check when using sidered. An analysis carried out by the re- ceramics (also known as X7R, X5R, X7S, …Y5V, devices that indicate the voltage level on a spective capacitor manufacturer will then shed light on this issue. Certain details are necessary for this purpose: For instance, the measured value determined by the client for the component, as well as the preset and checked measuring signal and measuring device used, whether the ALC was active, and the type of de-aging that might have been achieved. If the batch number of the components is also provided, preferably as a role copy in order to view all the labels, the manufacturer can also check the date of manufacture and reference samples and use them for comparison. This is possible because manufacturers measure the C value of each and every component – usually twice – during Typical aging rate of X7R/X5R. Y5V. COG with aging time production. Moreover, they carry out random Graphic 2: De-aging procedure: Re-heating the capacitor to a temperature above the Curie point. sampling of components that have already (Source: Samsung) been prepared for shipping. ■

www.rutronik.com Powered by 45 Focus|Passive Components

Passive Components Opportunities of Miniaturization

Nowadays smaller is state of the art. That‘s true of all kinds of electronic components, particularly passive ones. Because state-of-the-art electronics demands ever improving performance while taking up ever decreasing space on the circuit board. The shrinking process is not always cost-effective however.

Authors: Jürgen Geier, FAE Capacitors; Christian Kasper, Resistors Tech. Support Capacitors; Jochen Neller, iniaturization is not just about Tech. Support Inductors; getting smaller; it‘s also about The trend in SMD resistors is also toward ever Bert Weiss, Tech. Support Resistors improving performance within the smaller form factors. sameM form factor. While 20 years ago form factors such as 1812 and 1206 were popu- Wired components are being replaced by this lar, today‘s most commonly specified sizes technology wherever possible. The 0201, are 0603 and 0402. The range extends down 01005 and smaller form factors are used pri- to 01005 (0.4 x 0.2 mm), and recently even marily in the mobile communications and to just 008004 (0.25 x 0.125 mm!) (see fig.1; tablet markets, and so do not directly affect mostly in inches; length x width). the distribution sector. Resistor networks – multiple resistors in one housing – also save The chart from MLCC world market leader space on the PCB. And high-power variants EIA metric nominal dimensions Murata illustrates the steady increase in glo- are on offer which deliver twice the perfor- (inch) (mm) length width bal demand for the various sizes of MLCC mance with the same housing form factor. based based (mm) (mm) chips over the years. (see fig. 2): Further miniaturization is taking place in the 008004 0201 0,25 0,13 0075 0301 0,30 0,15 01005 0402 0,40 0,20 0201 0603 0,60 0,30 0402 1005 1,00 0,50 0603 1608 1,60 0,80 0805 2012 2,00 1,25 1206 3216 3,20 1,60 1210 3225 3,20 2,50 1808 4520 4,50 2,00 1812 4532 4,50 3,20 1825 (4563) 4,50 6,35 2211 (5728) 5,70 2,80 2220 5750 5,70 5,00 2225 (5763) 5,70 6,35 3640 (91102) 9,14 10,20

Fig. 1: Overview of MLCC dimensions Fig. 2: Demand for smaller form factor MLCCs is rising steadily. (source: Rutronik) (source: Murata)

46 Powered by www.rutronik.com Focus|Passive Components

Fig. 3: Footprint area (mm2) of 10V / 33μF tantalum capacitor Fig. 4: The increasing energy density of the tantalum powder (source: Rutronik / Data: AVX) is enabling miniaturization. (source: AVX)

SMD current measuring resistor segment. The improvement in energy density of the The larger form factor shown in fig. 5 (see New manufacturing technologies are en- tantalum powder shown in fig. 4 can only be page 44) is now a mass-market product, abling higher load capacities within the same achieved through continual development of available from a wide variety of different ma- form factor. the powder in terms of grain size and pro- nufacturers. In the race for technology lea- perties. So the capacitance-to-voltage ratio dership, and in response to market demands Tantalum capacitors per gram of tantalum powder ( CV/g ) is ri- for smaller form factors, new developments sing. are vital. Customers are able to benefit from such new developments through space-sa- The form factors of tantalum capacitors – ge- Electrolytic capacitors vings on the PCB or use of fewer components nerally among the larger components – have for example. been reduced to such an extent over the last 20 years that they now take up only around The Japanese world market leader, espe- This trend is also confronting the all-too fa- 25 percent of the space they originally occu- cially, is driving the technology advances miliar issue of the service lives of electrolytic pied on the PCB. Continual improvements in and increasing miniaturization in this seg- capacitors. (see fig. 6 at page 44) raw materials, smart component design ment. and new manufacturing technologies have It is thus possible nowadays to achieve boosted volume efficiency in recent years, By optimizing the aluminum foil and the elec- much longer service lives within the same enabling ever increasing production capaci- trolyte used, for example, the capacitance can form factor, whereas generally longer service ties within the same form factor – or steady be increased while retaining the same form life is associated with larger form factor. Or reductions in housing size while retaining the factor, and service lives can be extended ma- – as already mentioned – the form factor can same capacity (see fig.3). ny times over. be reduced while keeping the voltage and

Panjit_EN.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 99.00 mm);13. Sep 2016 16:27:56 Advertisement

Your Components. Our Profession.

• TVS/ESD ARRAYS • TRANSIENT VOLTAGE SUPPRESSORS • SMALL SIGNAL PRODUCTS • ZENER DIODES • SCHOTTKY BARRIER RECTIFIERS • RECTIFIERS • MOSFETS

ISO 9002 QS 9000 ISO 14001 ISOTS 16949 www.panjit.com PAN JIT EUROPE GmbH · Bgm.-Finsterwalder-Ring 10 · D-82515 WWoolfratshausenlfratshausen I Germany · TTeel.l. +49 8171 99 91-0 · [email protected] artpool.de/A10641 Focus|Passive Components

both fabrication and processing. A further Inductors and timing devices aspect of the smallest form factors is that they are mostly more expensive than the In the case of inductors, the combined basic more commonly used sizes which flood the parameters of high inductance together with market in extremely high volumes. low DC resistance and small volume initially appears contradictory. Yet innovations such Below a certain size, the smallest form factors as improved multilayer and remolding tech- can no longer be replaced when in need of nologies are making this possible today. A repair, and have to be discarded along with thin-film high-frequency inductor was re- the PCB. This can result in more production cently launched onto the market featuring the rejects and electronic scrap in the event of a unimaginable ultra-miniature dimensions of fault. 0.25 x 0.125 mm (008004), yet with the same quality grade Q as the larger form factor Smaller – and so more densely packed – PCBs 01005 series. are also subject to critical appraisal in terms of ESD protection, electromagnetic interfe- Quartz dimensions of 3.2 x 2.5 mm are stan- rence and thermal management. They de- dard, though significantly smaller form fac- mand much more detailed upfront design, and tors such as 2.0 x 1.6 mm are already in wide- often need more interference suppression spread use. Some manufacturers recommend components. The voltage and current resis- accommodating 2016 sizes on 3225 size PCB tance might be size-dependent. At the same pads. This does not necessarily mean that the time, small form factors offer advantages in layout has to be changed (see fig.7). terms of interference suppression, because Fig. 5: Size/capacitance comparison based they can be located in a space-saving design on two Panasonic SMD series (source: Panasonic ) For quartz oscillators, MEMS technology and right at the source of the interference or load optimize chip design enable the quartz ele- site, meaning that unwanted parasitic cha- ment and the resonant circuit to be built-in racteristics such as leakage inductance or capacitance constant. It should be noted to ultra-miniature housings. As well as saving stray capacitance are reduced. These aspects here also that such miniaturization does not space, this combination also resolves accura- need to be given particular attention in the necessarily lead to lower technical values in cy and quality problems. design process. terms of ESR and ripple current. As is clearly shown above, it is even possible to improve Real-time clocks (RTCs) in 3.2 x 2.5 x 1.0 mm Miniaturization delivers more benefits in ad- those values despite the smaller form factor size are also available featuring extremely low dition to space-saving, however. They include and longer service life. current consumption. They are interesting for lighter weight, smaller lots, reduced storage mobile, battery-powered applications. volume, and – not least – savings on raw ma- This is a development from which customers terials, so helping to conserve our resources. If can benefit in two ways: using fewer com- Opportunities and challenges fewer rare earths are used in the components, ponents, and smaller components. So it is a of miniaturization that is doubtless a further important aspect. In good idea to keep a close watch on the latest conclusion, it can be stated that miniaturiza- developments in electrolytic capacitors, so tion entails more opportunities than risks and as to be able to utilize new designs cost- Smaller components demand more precise challenges, and so the trend toward miniatu- effectively. and complex manufacturing techniques, in rization is bound to continue. ■

Fig. 6: Size/service life comparison based on three Panasonic SMD series (source: Panasonic )

48 Powered by www.rutronik.com Focus|Passive Components Focus|Displays

Passive Displays High Contrast, High Viewing Angles

You can find passive displays everywhere: in cars, kitchen and household appliances, telephones, as well as gas, water, and electric meters. This is thanks to their long service lives, energy-saving properties, and the fact that custom modules can be designed simply and quickly. The higher the value the application is intended to convey, the more that the attention has to be placed on the contrast.

display with a jet black background Whether it is Vertical Alignment or other mo- and a very high contrast ratio lends nochrome technologies: passive LCDs fulfill the application a higher aesthetic va- practically any project requirement. A whole lue;A therefore, this is sought-after primarily raft of aspects – ranging from the definition in medicine, the automotive market, and for of the displayed segments or pixel assign- industrial applications. Specific high contrast ment, through to external dimensions, active displays, such as those offered by Yeebo, URT, areas, temperature ranges, connection me- DLC, Tianma, or Displaytech, fulfill this de- thods, backlighting types, and colors, right sire – frequently further combined with wide through to the addition of various add-ons viewing angles. such as frames, locking hooks, or in-prints – can be implemented quickly, simply, and ef- to other display technologies: Thanks to an Vertical Alignment fectively on a custom basis. angle of up to 270°, they offer an ‘around (EBN = Enhanced Black Neumatic) the clock’ view with continuously strong OLED modules contrast values. A further benefit is that the organic layer of an OLED is thinner, lighter, A display with a particularly jet back back- and more flexible than the crystalline layer ground, very high contrast ratio and pro- OLED modules do not require a backlight, of an LED or LCD, thus enabling slimmer and nounced viewing angle enables Vertical as they are self-illuminating. In the pro- lighter designs to be created. Visionox/ Alignment Technology to be used, e.g. by cess, they consume scarcely any power and Yeebo, DLC, and Raystar stock a very exten- Tianma, Yeebo, or URT. In so doing, the back- are ideally suited to battery-powered appli- sive range of Passive Matrix OLEDs with sizes lighting does not necessarily have to be white; cations or hand-held devices. With a high of 0.66” to 5.5” in various resolutions and applications can be underscored by a different contrast of 2000:1, OLEDs provide a pheno- colors. color that can be selected freely. menal contrast between the black background and colored display dots. The viewing A well-rounded product When it comes to this technology, the liquid angles are also unbeatable when compared crystals between the LCD panels are vertical to one another in the ‘Off’ mode. As soon as The Active Matrix OLED Module from DLC ex- voltage is applied to the display, they turn to hibits a particularly modern look with a round a vertical position – hence the description shape, high resolution of 400 x 400 pixels, and ‘Vertical Alignment’. In this way, very low light a full color spectrum. The product is thus pre- transmission arises and thus creates an ex- destined for use in consumer goods, such as tremely black background. fitness gadgets, remote controls, or bicycle accessories. However, this module’s benefits Vertical Alignment Technology requires a come to the fore in industrial settings too: limited number of segments and ideally sta- Thanks to an improved image, compatibility tic activation or MUX 1:4, however up to a with touch panels, and temperature stability maximum of MUX 1:8. It additionally re- of -20°C to 60°C during operation as well as quires sufficient power supply as permanent -30°C to 70°C during storage, these modules As soon as voltage is applied, the liquid crystals Light emitting diode backlighting is manda- are turned through 90 degrees and hereby are suitable also for machine operating areas tory due to the negative mode in display generate a very strong contrast. in energy and medicine technology, not to operation. (Image source: Tianma micro) mention similar applications. ■

www.rutronik.com Powered by 49 Focus|Connectors

USB Type-CTM One for All

The latest USB Type-C was presented by the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF) in 2014. It is already being used in some smartphones, tablets and laptops, but has not yet fully established itself. So connector and device manufacturers are faced with the question All the benefits of USB Type-C in a compact design: of whether, and when, they ought to commit to the new type. the DX07 series JAE (source: JAE).

pendent of each other: The various plug plug, so en-abling devices to have just one port Author: types differ in design. The specification does, for video, audio and power, and meaning they Marko Milosevic, however, detail the technology required to can be made more compact. This also means Product Sales Manger detect and run connected devices. This in- that other sectors ought to be thinking about cludes the processor and the PCB as well as using USB-C too: If carmakers fit the port on the plug. To be able to utilize all the benefits their vehicles, for example, customers will be here are a number of good reasons of second-generation USB 3.1, the processor able to charge their tablets while on the road, for the USB Type-C. In addition to its and PCB must actuate all the plug‘s pins. If they or play music from the device. greater user-friendliness thanks to do not, due to the backward compatibility the itsT symmetrical shape, it scores primarily by data transfer rate will be reduced down to the … or be a pioneer higher power transmission than its predeces- level of the weakest link in the chain. sors. (see box). Device manufacturers already looking to po- Wait for Apple and Samsung … In order to attain the possible 100W, all the sition themselves as pioneers need to consider components must conform to the USB Power a number of points first. For example, most Delivery (PD) specification. It includes an elec- Despite these benefits, there is still some re- smartphones are only configured for USB 2.0 tronically marked cable (with built-in chip) luctance to use the USB Type-C plug. However, or 3.0, and do not support USB PD! And which detects how much current the connec- device and plug manufacturers need to obser- extra care must be taken to make sure cus- ted devices can withstand. The standard also ve the market closely so as not to get left be- tomers receive the right cable. stipulates which end is the source and which hind. Most are currently waiting for a start the receiver. If the source is delivering 100W, signal from the pioneers, Samsung and Apple. Some manufacturers are already offering USB for example, but the receiver can only take Samsung‘s flagship Galaxy S7 launched in Type-C connectors. JAE, for example, one of the 4.5W, the built-in chip must adapt the current Spring 2016 is still fitted with the USB Micro parties involved in standardizing the specifica- rating accordingly so that the receiver is not B type. Samsung is unlikely to be launching tion, has developed the DX07 series. It is fully damaged. The USB Power Delivery specifica- the new model before Spring 2017. Apple has compatible with the USB Type-C specification, tion was first drafted in May 2015. Version 1.2 at least already fitted the latest MacBook with and so offers all its benefits. The highly inte- followed in March 2016. For the cable manu- the new USB type. As soon as the iPhone also grated, high-pole connectors are targeted pri- facturers this means the need to make the has the new plug type, the route to success marily at smartphones. The DX07 slim plug appropriate adjustments. Consumers must will be clear. USB-C is being additionally boos- variant offers even smaller dimensions. All the pay attention to which cables they are buying ted by the sustained trend toward mobile products in the series feature outstanding EMI/ and using. USB-IF provides a remedy: It checks computing. This is because the new type re- EMC characteristics, mechanical strength, and the products and then assigns a unique cer- places VGA, DVI, HDMI and MHL in a single durable locking mechanisms. ■ tification number (TID).

USB 3.1 Advantages The USB Type-C plug also permits the use of second-generation USB 3.1. It is often re- of USB Type-C ferred to as USB 3.1 Type-C. The term should • Twist-proof plug-in be used with caution, however, as it might • Cable ends both the same (plug fits in host and device) arouse false expectations among consumers: • Transmits up to 100W They would automatically assume the new • Transfers audio and image files in high quality, so combining and replacing VGA, DVI, type C plug has the same transfer speeds as HDMI, MHL and Thunderbolt] the latest USB 3.1. In fact, the two are inde-

50 Powered by www.rutronik.com Swissbit_Rutroniker_EN.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 297.00 mm);22. Sep 2016 10:53:09

Focus|Connectors embedded memory solutions

endurancfor more informateion visit swissbit.com

Reliable memory devices

Best ﬂash retention for write or read intensive applications

durabit™ - the better MLC

durabit™ SD memory cards and eUSB modules offer a superior write IOPS rate and unprecedented MLC endurance. durabit™ SATA 6Gb/s SSDs utilize a DRAM cache and higher over-provisioning for up to 4x performance and endurance in enterprise type applications.

Visit us on electronica 2016, Exhibit Munich, November 8-11, Hall A6, Booth 319 Focus|Sensor Technologies

Sensors Measuring the Gas Flow Exactly – Even in Confined Spaces

Be it medical devices or automotive applications: When it comes to measuring the gas flow, precision and cost efficiency are of paramount importance. Both can be achieved with the aid of microthermal flow sensors – even in small spaces.

Authors: Andries Bosma, Product Manager Gas Flow / Differential Pressure, Sensirion, Markus Balke, Senior Marketing Manager Analog & Sensors, Rutronik

here are many different methods for transport of heat through the gas (see Fig. 1). depends on the inlet conditions. A bend in the measuring the gas flow. With some These sensor elements determine the gas flow pipe immediately before the sensor, different there is no actual contact between more precisely than traditional hot-wire ane- types of surface structure inside the pipe, or gasT and sensor; these are, however, relatively mometers, while a glass coating of the sensor corners and edges in the flow duct will alter expensive and thus out of the question for element provides corrosion-resistance. the measurement result. Heavily polluted air many applications. With differential pres- can lead to soiling of the measuring cell. sure methods that gauge the pressure drop We refer to the term „microthermal flow sen- through mechanical deflection of the sensor sors“ when the sensor elements are integrated Measuring in a round-about way: diaphragm over an orifice, hysteresis effects in a millimeter-scale microchip. Besides their Bypass solution and fatigue of the diaphragm lead to drift small size, another decisive advantage is that problems and a lack of zero-point accuracy. they are produced using standardized manufacturing processes, thus enabling mass pro- A good way to tackle such challenges is to Thermal measuring methods duction with a consistently high quality and place the sensor chip in a bypass. In this case, moderate unit costs. It is for these reasons an orifice, a Venturi nozzle or blades gene- that they have become the predominant sen- rate a differential pressure which guides a Consequently, measuring techniques based on sor type used for demanding automotive, me- small proportion of the gas through a bypass thermal principles are widespread. In the sim- dical, and HVAC applications. duct (see Fig. 2). The microthermal flow sensor plest of these, the hot-wire anemometer, the guarantees high accuracy, reproducibility, and gas flow is determined via the rate of cooling But direct contact with the gas can pose chal- stability, particularly in the case of very low of an electrically heated wire with a tempe- lenges of its own for thermal sensors: Seeing flow rates. A well designed pressure drop ele- rature dependent resistance. Advanced me- as the flow speed measurement is only selec- ment in the bypass ensures that the resulting thods use a heating element and at least two tive, extrapolation of the flow speed is crucial. differential pressure is less susceptible to temperature sensors which measure the However, the velocity distribution in the pipe changes caused by the inlet conditions. By

Figure 1: Thermal measuring principle Figure 2: Bypass solution

52 Powered by www.rutronik.com Focus|Sensor Technologies

using inertia effects and minimizing the by- cause it increases sensitivity at small flows, pass flow it is possible to ensure that only stabilizes the zero point, and reduces the drop clean gas reaches the sensor chip. in pressure at high flow rates.

Moreover, this type of bypass solution helps An orifice should therefore have as much sur- to simplify the manufacturing process. As the face exposure parallel to flow as possible and gas flow element can be manufactured inde- the smallest possible cross section area. Tra- Differential Pressure Sensor pendently of the sensor; with the sensor being ditional circular orifices are not particularly from Sensirion installed at the end of the process. Under the well suited to the job; honeycomb structures premise of a well-conceived design and exact are ideal, but expensive. An arrangement of orifice tolerances, it is often possible to forgo blades as shown in Fig. 4 has proved to be a final calibration of the entire system. Certain simple yet suitable design. It can be easily the inlet path with care. Ideally, there should points have to be considered for this: produced using injection molding. be no sharp bends or edges in the pipe directly upstream of the measuring point, and no The orifice’s job is to slightly increase the re- Clean gas abrupt changes in the pipe diameter. Apart sistance in the gas flow and, as a result, ge- from that, some form of resistance to the flow, nerate a differential pressure. Physically spea- such as a sieve upstream of the sensor, distri- king, this happens in two ways: Firstly, friction Thanks to inertia, there are less dust particles buted evenly across the entire diameter of the between the gas and the orifice’s surface in the bypass than in the main duct. The num- pipe, can help to stabilize turbulence and areas (surfaces parallel to the flow) leads to ber of particles can be reduced even further other undesired influences. a drop in pressure that increases linearly with when the tapping ports of the bypass face the flow. Secondly, end faces and their edges backwards so that the gas needs to rotate Choice of sensor create turbulence and thus a drop in pressure more than 90° to reach the sensor. Guide which increases quadratically with the flow. blades upstream of the tapping ports keep the In practice, orifices are always a mix of the flow stable and laminar and thus reduce sen- With the right sensor, flow measurement in two types and thus their pressure/flow cha- sor signal noise. And, finally, the tapping port the bypass is the most reliable and cost-ef- racteristics are always a combination of line- should be kept small, ideally measuring 0.6 fective method. Differential pressure sensors ar and quadratic components (see Fig. 3). mm in diameter (see Fig. 5). are ideally suited to meet the requirements: Their dimensions are small which helps to re- Which of the two characteristics prevails is Even though flow measurement using a by- duce the space required for flow measure- determined by the design of the orifice. Usu- pass method is less sensitive to changes in the ment. The currently smallest differential pres- ally a linear characteristic is preferable be- inlet conditions, it is still important to design sure sensor on the market is the SDP3x from Sensirion. The sensor measures a mere 5 x 8 x 5 mm and can be installed in applications which previously lacked sufficient space for any sensory technology. It therefore opens up countless new integration and application possibilities, for example for inhalers.

Despite its small size the SDP3x offers a high level of sensitivity together with no zero- Figure 3: point drift. It is thus possible to achieve a Pressure/Flow very wide measurement range. Its specific characteristics temperature compensation is geared towards the conditions of bypass flow measurement: It ensures the flows can be measured correctly over the entire temperature range. Conse- quently, no further temperature compensation is required for converting the differential pressure output signal to mass or volume flow. And the complicated process of characteri- zing the bypass system is not necessary. Final calibration of the entire system can often be dispensed with. The sensor can be reflow soldered, offers new functions such as multiple I2C addresses or interrupt functions, and has a very fast re-sponse time of 2 kHz with 16-bit resolution. All these factors make the SDP3x the perfect choice for high-volume but cost-sensitive applications that demand ac- Figure 4: Sketch of orifice Figure 5: Flow tapping curate gas flow measurement. ■

www.rutronik.com Powered by 53 Focus|Communication

Long Range Wireless Solutions Wireless Technologies for IoT Networks The IoT (Internet of Things) already connects many things; a trend that seems to be increasing by the day. According to forecasts, between 200 million and 100 billion devices will be connected through the Internet of Things by 2020 alone. What is certain is that IPv6 has raised the number of supported IP addresses from roughly four billion to over 340 sextillion (a figure with 37 (!) zeros). The supporting pillars are therefore in place. Whoever seeks to build upon them must focus on wireless technology. An overview of current long range IoT solutions is obviously an extremely helpful resource.

creasing data transmission rates. LTE Ad- Type Communications). LTE-M transmits in the Author: Anja Schaal, vanced, for instance, now enables a transmis- licensed sub-GHz band at between 700 MHz Product Sales Manager sion rate of up to 3.9 Gbps in the downlink and 900 MHz. The downlink and uplink data and 1.5 Gbps in the uplink. However, most rates are roughly 1 Mbps. The low-power con- things in the IoT do not transmit such huge sumption approach should help to extend the amounts of data, the majority of them re- battery life of battery-powered end devices up ong range IoT wireless technologies quire less than 100 bpm. The focus of success- to between 10 and 20 years. form the basis for a LPWAN (Low Po- ful communication technology is therefore on wer Wide Area Network). In these long ranges, reliable communication, and low A further positive aspect of LTE-M is the ex- Ltypes of networks, end devices with low power consumption for extended battery life. cellent coverage it provides, as LTE-M uses the energy consumption – typically sensors – are Low data rates obviously have a positive existing cellular wireless infrastructure. An connected to gateways which transmit data effective on power consumption. added advantage for providers is that LTE-M to other devices and network servers. The operates on the well-known licensed spec- network devices assess the received data and LTE-M trum. It is, therefore, extremely safe and ro- control the end devices. Accordingly, the pro- bust and also ideal for services with high tocols are specially designed for long-range quality requirements. capabilities, low-power devices, and reduced With this aim in mind, 3GPP (Third Generation operating costs. Partnership Project), whose scope is to further One disadvantage of LTE-M is the high costs develop cellular wireless standards (GSM, for utilizing licensed cellular wireless net- Cellular wireless / LTE UMTS, LTE), has created the LTE-M standard. works. In this case, each end device requires It is also referred to as LTE-MTC (Machine its own SIM card which results in additional

For a long time cellular wireless technologies had a monopoly position in long-range applications which can connect a device directly to the Internet without a gateway. Thanks to the well-established infrastructure of base stations worldwide, end products only require a SIM card to communicate with the cloud. After successful initialization and registration with the network provider, data can be sent and received.

Further development of cellular wireless technologies in the past generally focused on in-

54 Powered by www.rutronik.com Focus|Communication

installation and maintenance costs. In addi- A SIM card is not required for SigFox. The price tion, there are running expenses which, on depends on how many messages are sent per average, are significantly higher than those day and the volume of these messages. Custo- for comparable technologies. mers generally pay between one and ten euros a year to keep an individual end device active. Moreover, the current SIM card service for LTE-M is comparatively complicated. Help Transmitter and transceiver solutions for Sig- may be provided in the future by the eSIM Fox are offered, e.g., by Microchip Atmel‘s card (embedded SIM card). As the name sug- ATA8520 family. SoCs (System on Chip) come gests, it is embedded in the end device and with integrated DBPSK modulation and Sig- LoRa module solutions from Microchip are can, when swapping provider, be easily repro- Fox protocol stack. Their SigFox ID, PAC code, available for both the European (RN2483) and grammed without having to open the actual and encryption key are stored and secured US market (RN2903). The highly integrated device. inside the chip, safe from extraction. To en- modules contain the microcontroller unit, hance flexibility, the ATA8520 can be connec- crystal, EUI-64 Node Identity Serial EEPROM, The xE910 family from Telit, for example, is ted to every type of microcontroller. radio transceiver with analog front end, and ideal when transitioning to newer cellular matching circuitry. For development purposes, wireless generations. Modules for GSM, va- the manufacturer offers specific boards and a rious UMTS versions, and LTE are currently full gateway development kit. available, and the manufacturer has already announced modules for LTE-M. Devices can Neck-and-neck race be upgraded efficiently and effectively with the modules thanks to the identical form factor. On top of this, Telit additionally offers Compared to LTE-M, both LoRa and SigFox of- added value services, e.g. specific SIM cards fer cost benefits: At present, the hardware for and tariffs for industrial applications. The LE51-868S family from Telit comprises a module costs about €10. Added to this is the DIP and SMD module solutions that can be $3,000 annual license fee for LoRa, while Sig- SigFox plugged and soldered respectively. They ope- Fox users can expect to pay between one and rate in the 863 MHz to 870 MHz band with ten euros a year for each end device. The hard- both the Telit proprietary protocol and the ware costs alone for LTE-M are much higher SigFox is a tailor-made solution for long ran- SigFox gateway. than those for SigFox and LoRa, and added to ges (30 - 50 km in rural areas, 3 - 10 km in this are the running expenses for the SIM cards urban areas), low data rates (12 bytes per LoRa and the costs for replacement items. message, max. 140 messages a day per end device), and preferably low power operation. The LoRa and SigFox wireless modules for SigFox uses the sub-GHz band (868 MHz in LoRa is very similar to the SigFox technology: end devices ensure very low power operation Europe) and employs BPSK modulation with LoRa also uses the sub-GHz band (868 MHz and can transmit over large distances with ultra-narrowband technology. End devices in Europe), achieves similar ranges (up to ap- strong in-building penetration characteris- equipped with SigFox technology transmit prox.15 km), and is very economical due to tics. The biggest stumbling block for both data to SigFox base stations which then for- low data rates ranging from 0.3 to 22 kbps. In technologies is, however, the infrastructure, ward the data to SigFox servers. This is where contrast to SigFox, LoRa utilizes chip spread which is still a work in progress. It has turned the data are processed before the results are spectrum technology to flexibly set the ratio into a neck-and-neck race between LoRa and sent back to the respective end devices for between bandwidth and bitrate. SigFox, and it will be interesting to see who visualization. This means: Data are managed wins – or maybe a new competitor will enter by SigFox on in its own cloud servers. the fray. The ability to allow the creation of private networks is obviously particularly Unlike LTE, the SigFox infrastructure is still advantageous to LoRa. It might not be suit- under construction. The company works with able for every application, but ensures LoRa large network operators around the globe, a certain degree of independence no matter although it continues to deploy and operate what the outcome of the race. But data com- its own networks in various regions, e.g. in The LoRa Alliance was established in 2015 to munication using cellular wireless technolo- France and the USA. SigFox currently offers standardize and further develop LoRa. Besides gy continues to offer plenty of opportunities. service coverage in France, Portugal, Spain, the LoRa developer Semtech, numerous chip For instance, Nordic Semiconductor, a lea- the Netherlands, and the UK. The IoT specia- and module manufacturers, software busines- ding provider of ultra-low power wireless list is further ramping up its rollout plans for ses and network operators are now members connectivity, announced the development of Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Italy, of the LoRa Alliance, including, e.g. Microchip the nRF91 series with low power LTE tech- Luxembourg, and the USA: In the USA alone, and STMicroelectronics. Anyone wanting to nology in July of this year. The company‘s the French-based company plans to expand equip their end products with LoRa has to pay roadmap includes highly integrated solu- from 10 to 50 cities in just six months. Ne- an annual license fee of $3,000 to the LoRa tions for the forthcoming 3GPP release 13 vertheless, the technology is not yet recom- Alliance. There are no other fees payable on LTE-M and NB-IoT cellular technologies, a mendable for country-wide or international top of this, and LoRa, just like SigFox, does not brand new type of narrowband communica- projects. require a SIM card. tion with „things“. ■

www.rutronik.com Powered by 55 Focus|Security

Encryption Technologies The Key to Security

Threats resulting from new technologies regularly make the headlines – whether thefts of vehicles with Keyless Go, illicit surveillance scandals, data theft, disclosure of passwords on the Internet, or phishing attacks. However, the greatest damage is in most cases not suffered by the users: Once negative publicity has stuck to a product, or a manufacturer, it becomes a serious threat to the business. Encryption technologies offer comparatively cost-effective protection. When handling personal data, encryption is required by data protection laws in any case.

products can join the network, and that both the keys. In this, it must above all be ensured Author: the data in the network and the complete that the keys are generated using a genuine Jakob Seemann, system are protected. That is to say, protection random generator; that they are deposited in Product Sales Manager must be in place against unauthorized access a secure element; and that they cannot be to the network (authenticity), data tapping intercepted the first time they are transferred. (confidentiality) and manipulation (integrity). State-of-the-art cryptography covers all Asymmetric encryption he issue of security is often neglec- three aspects. It is available in two fundamen- ted in relation to embedded systems tally different modes: symmetric and asym- especially. The result: Industrial spies metric encryption. Asymmetric encryption always uses two dif- canT use hacked devices to penetrate the en- ferent keys: a private key and a public key. tire corporate network, gaining access to the Symmetric encryption They are always generated as a pair. The pri- company‘s intellectual property (IP) and busi- vate key remains permanently with the origi- ness secrets, and manipulating data. Users nator of the keys, while the public key goes to of smart devices in the home might unin- In symmetric encryption, the same key is used the receiving party. The recipient can use the tentionally disclose information to potential for both encryption and decryption. The best- public key to encrypt messages which can thieves through their security cameras, or known and most frequently used encryption only be decrypted with the linked private key. even open doors and windows for them by method is AES (Advanced Encryption Stan- The private key can also generate a signature way of automated control systems. Automo- dard). AES works with either 128, 192 or 256 by which the recipient can uniquely identify biles, too, are subject to virtually infinite vul- bit keys. Even 128 bit AES keys are classed as the sender using the linked public key. nerabilities thanks to autonomous driving and secure according to the current state of the over-the-air firmware updates. art. Asymmetric encryption is based on one-way mathematical functions. They must be as When such cases become known, customers‘ It is noteworthy that the principle of modern simple as possible to calculate, but very com- trust in the device – or even the entire busi- cryptography formulated by Auguste Kerck- plex to reverse. Continually increasing com- ness – is lost. In view of this, encryption hoffs in 1883 still holds true: The security of puting power is also steadily improving the should be top of the priority list for all manu- an encryption method is founded on the sec- ability of computers to calculate complex facturers of connected products. recy of the key and not on the secrecy of the reversing functions. To ensure adequate se- algorithm. This is particularly important in curity, therefore, the keys must be of a certain In order to understand encryption, it is helpful relation to a symmetric encryption method length. Keys with 2048 bits, such as RSA to consider what its aims are. These are fo- such as AES, as the same key is used on both 2048, are currently classed as secure. Be- cused on three key areas: authenticity, confi- ends (encryption and decryption). If the key is cause encryption and decryption speeds dentiality, integrity. When a user wirelessly known, or is disclosed, the entire encryption decrease as keys get longer, asymmetric me- connects multiple products in his home, for process is nullified. Consequently, the greatest thods are only practical for handling small example, it is important that only authorized challenge of AES lies in the management of amounts of data.

56 Powered by www.rutronik.com Focus|Security

Elliptic curves for more speed

An alternative to this conventional asymmetric encryption is Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). It is based on the same approach, but utilizes points on elliptic curves. That makes computing operations much more complex, so ensuring that even 256-bit keys offer a secure level according to the current state of the art. And ECC 256 does not take much more time than comparably secure symmetric methods.

Hybrid encryption eliminates disadvantages

If symmetric encryption of user data is cho- Different encryption ICs create a secure smart home in every respect. (Source: Infineon) sen, but the security it offers is not adequate, it can be improved by means of hybrid encryption. In this, the symmetric key is sent nally protected against physical attacks. The became the first company in the world to again in encrypted form by means of an asym- security of those components – and so also of launch an end-to-end security solution for metric public key. This means only the author- the keys – is thus independent of the security things in the Internet of Things, connecting ized recipient is able to decrypt the symme- of the overall system. to the Amazon Web Services IoT (AWS IoT) tric key with the matching private key. Cloud. Encryption ICs in different designs meet the At the same time, the sender of the symme- requirements of a range of applications: Sim- AWS IoT works according to strict criteria of tric key can use his private key to generate a ple authentication chips, such as from the authentication and comprehensive encryp- signature which enables the recipient to uni- Infineon Optiga Trust series, use asymmetric tion at all connecting points. This ensures that quely identify him using the matching public encryption (ECC 163), and are good choice data is never exchanged between devices and key. Once these keys have been exchanged for the authentication of original accessories AWS IoT without a verified identity. The new and decrypted, the foundation has been laid in consumer electronics for example. The Microchip/Atmel AWS-ECC508 authentica- for symmetrically encrypted communications. Optiga Trust E series with ECC 256 and SHA 256 tion ICs make it particularly easy for compa- assures authentication of medical equip- nies to comply with AWS IoT Cloud specifica- This combination method eliminates the dis- ment, in smart homes, in industry, or in cloud tions: They do not need to load either private advantages of the two separate methods – computing authentication for license ma- keys or certificates into the ICs during namely the insecure key transfer of symme- nagement for example. The Optiga Trust P the production process. This is because the tric encryption and the slower speed of asym- series with ECC 521 and RSA 2048 features AWS-ECC508 is already factory-configured to metric encryption. a Java-based operating system, in which de- be immediately detected by the AWS IoT dicated applets can be programmed. The Cloud as an approved device. Hardware or software? STSAFE (ECC 384, SHA 384, AES 256) products from STMicroelectronics also offer the Encrypted highest protection, based – among other smart home Each encryption method can be implemented features – on secure authentication, encryp- by software or hardware. Software-based en- ted communications, secure depositing of cryption entails the major disadvantage that keys, and protection when running firmware A simple practical example illustrates the use the program is not an autonomous self-con- updates. Standardized Trusted Platform Mo- of encryption ICs: In a smart home, simple tained unit, but is always dependent on its dules (TPMs) combine highly complex en- authentication chips such as the Optiga Trust environment, such as the operating system. It cryption and secure depositing of large num- SLS ensure that only authorized devices – is susceptible to errors and attack as a result. bers of keys and signatures with protection such as shutter controls or surveillance came- And there is another negative: As the micro- against physical readout of the data stored ras installed by the user – are able to log controller or processor of an embedded sys- in them. They are offered by Infineon and in to the central smart home gateway. An tem additionally has to handle the complex Microchip/Atmel for example. STSAFE Secure microcontroller encrypts the encryption and decryption, loss of perfor- communications between the cameras and mance is inevitable. Encryption from Edge devices the central gateway. A TPM in the central up to the Cloud gateway assures key storage, firmware up- The opposite case is represented by encryp- dates, and the transfer of all data to the tion using specially developed ICs. Their sole Cloud. As a result, the homeowner can be function is encryption, so there is no perfor- Microchip/Atmel is pursuing a particularly certain that authenticity, confidentiality and mance loss. Many encryption ICs are additio- interesting concept: Back in August 2016, it integrity are assured. ■

www.rutronik.com Powered by 57 Focus|Wireless

Wireless Standards What is Smart about a Smart Home? The idea of a fridge that orders butter and cheese by itself has been around for some time now, but this standard example for a Smart Home has not yet become reality. On the other hand, other networked applications have long since made their appearance, and more are coming every day. This means that suppliers have to commit themselves: Which wireless standards should I concentrate my efforts on?

But Smart Home and Ambient Assisted Living quency of 915 MHz. As this frequency is not Author: (AAL) technologies are not only making pro- available in Europe, suppliers of Z-Wave com- Jakob Seemann, gress in the context of private ownership. patible end devices must resort to using 868 Product Sales Manager Property management companies and housing MHz transceivers. Other disadvantages of Z- associations are increasingly using solutions Wave are the low data transfer rates and lack for consumption monitoring and invoicing, as of compatibility with smartphones. This well as heating control systems that regulate represents a decisive factor, for most users the interior climate and help to prevent the want to be able to operate the Smart Home ccording to Strategy Analytics, an formation of mold. Various wireless standards functions remotely, and preferably via smart- average of 2.4 devices per household and platforms have been developed to pro- phone. This was established by the Deloitte were networked in 2008 – by 2015 vide for application networking. Smart Home Survey 2015. thisA figure had already risen to 8.6. Gart- ner forecasts over 500 smart devices per Proprietary alternative from the USA: Flexible frequency selection: ZigBee household by 2022. Germany is one of the Z-Wave most important markets: As the Smart Home Monitor 2016 issued by the Dr. Grie- ZigBee is another meshed network protocol ger & Cie. market research institute and the In the USA, one occasionally comes across the that, up to now, has mainly been used in the SmartHome Initiative Deutschland e.V. found Z-Wave meshed network protocol provided by USA. It is based on IEEE 802.15.4. ZigBee uses out, around 30% of the 1017 households in the US-American company Sigma Designs. As the 2.4 GHz frequency, also license-free, and the survey are already using Smart Home ap- no other semiconductor suppliers use this sub-GHz frequencies. This means that users plications, especially in the areas of energy protocol, many device manufacturers are can select the best frequency for each Smart management, entertainment and communi- wary of finding themselves in a dead end. In Home application, especially if they imple- cation, as well as for security solutions. America, Z-Wave uses the license-free fre- ment a sub-GHz / 2.4 GHz combo-transceiver

58 Powered by www.rutronik.com Focus|Wireless

such as Atmel‘s AT86RF215. However, ZigBee smartphones. Practically all models have a and apartments, allowing for high data trans- cannot be recommended at present: In 2015 BLE interface that allows them to communi- fer rates that are especially important for a serious security loophole was discovered, cate directly with BLE Smart Home products. surveillance cameras and multimedia appli- and to date it has not been possible to rectify In addition, the BLE standard 5.0 has brought cations. However, Smart Home applications this by means of firmware updates. However, improvements in range, data transfer rates from the areas of energy management and this will change in the near future: The ZigBee and broadcasting capability. The latter feature Ambient Assisted Living also use WLAN as consortium is already testing the 3.0 specifi- makes apps superfluous when it comes to their wireless standard, whether for direct cation that closes the loophole. connecting with end devices and sending da- communication with a smartphone or to send ta to the cloud, which results in a connection- data into the cloud via the local network. Versatile and safe: Thread independent Internet of Things. Furthermore, for 2017 experts are expecting a Bluetooth WLAN and BLE are often used in combination, Smart meshed network protocol for which especially for sending sensor data via BLE to Also based on the IEEE 1802.15.4 protocol for Nordic will certainly have a suitable software a central unit and then into the cloud via sub-GHz and 2.4 GHz is the Thread network. stack available for its nRF51 and nRF52. WLAN. In such cases, combination modules It has the reputation of being very robust, such as the RS9113 from Redpine Signals are self-healing and energy-saving, and with IPv6 From the gym into the Smart Home: ANT most suitable. The latest sub-GHz WLAN stan- support it is the 6LowPAN alternative to Blue- dard 802.11ah also ensures that WLAN will tooth and WiFi. The AES encryption ensures remain state-of-the-art for the Smart Home security. As Thread is license-free, it is already Another protocol that should not be left out in the foreseeable future. being used by a large group of 220 supporters, of account is ANT. ANT was developed by the including ARM, Samsung, Atmel, Procter Garmin subsidiary Dynastream, and so far it Open end &Gamble, and Osram. The popular modules is generally known for its use in connection supplied by Redpine Signals that are based on with sports equipment. However, ANT has the current RS9113 M2M Combo chipset also now found its way into the areas of home At present, it is not possible to predict which support the Thread protocol, in addition to automation, indoor locationing and tele- wireless standard will come out on top. There dual band WiFi (2.4/5 GHz), Bluetooth classic, medicine. Like Z-Wave, ANT is a proprietary are good reasons to expect that no single Bluetooth Low Energy and ZigBee. protocol, but it has the advantage of being standard will emerge to the exclusion of all supported by several semiconductor manu- others, but that several will coexist. In this High-profile throughout the world: facturers, providing more reliability to custo- case, centralized connectivity units will pro- Bluetooth Smart mers. Thanks to its low energy consumption, vide for compatibility, or individual suppliers high degree of flexibility in respect of network will develop proprietary, clearly demarcated topology and the increasing number of smart- Smart Home systems. Bluetooth Smart (also Bluetooth Low Energy phones with ANT support, it is definitely (BLE)), that also uses the 2.4 GHz band, is used emerging as an alternative to the other stan- At all events, the decisive criteria that will a great deal across the globe. BLE, too, has the dards that should be taken seriously. Nordic drive success are IPv6 support, smartphone decisive advantage of IPv6 support that al- also provides an ANT software stack for its compatibility and flexibility in order to be lows end devices to be addressed directly via nRF51 and nRF52 SoCs. able to quickly respond to new requirements. an IPv6 address. Nordic Semiconductor is al- The ANT protocol fulfills all of these demands, ready supplying software stacks for this in its At home (nearly) everywhere: WLAN so it will certainly be able to acquire a larger nRF51 SoC (Cortex M0 + 2.4 GHz transceiver) share of the market. But the heavyweights and nRF52 SoC (Cortex M4 + 2.4 GHz trans- Bluetooth Low Energy and WiFi are also ceiver + NFC). Also, BLE is a step ahead of the WLAN is of great significance for the Smart excellently placed to defend their positions competition thanks to its widespread use in Home. It is already present in many houses on the market for a long time to come. ■

Advertisement Fujitsu_EN.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 74.00 mm);13. Sep 2016 15:19:49

FUJITSU Relais

Fujitsu high quality relays Solutions for all your circuit applications. From power and industrial to automotive applications. Offering high voltage loads (DC / PV), wide contact gap. Including EV / PHV and signal relays. fujitsu.com/uk/components Focus|Batteries

Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries from Samsung SDI Now Complete Product Portfolio for Battery Management Systems

Recently Rutronik is exclusive distribution partner for EMEA of world market leader for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries Samsung SDI. This gives manufacturers of battery packs all components for a complete battery management system (BMS) from a single source. Lithium-ion batteries are increasingly being used in a wide range of applications. However, a number of regulations and requirements must be strictly obeyed when designing, handling, and distributing batteries. Rutronik offers comprehensive support and advice.

Author: Andreas Mangler, Director Strategic Marketing & Communications Intel_Rutroniker.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 148.00 mm);26. Sep 2016 14:09:47

he market for lithium-ion batteries is tems, photovoltaic backup systems, uninter- enjoying a high rate of growth – and Wide range of applications ruptable power supplies (UPS), medical equip- for good reason: Compared to other ment, electric tools, and telecommunication energyT storage solutions, they offer greater Smartphones, tablets, and portable PCs are applications. energy density and voltage combined with the main drivers, with the majority of manu- smaller footprints, more load cycles, and lon- facturers of plug-in hybrid and electric cars Cylindrical Li-ion cells ger lifespans. According to the Avicenne Ener- now preferring Li-ion batteries. Further target gy Analysis 2015, less than 10,000 t of Li-ion applications include all types of electrically- cathodes were sold in 2000, but by 2014 this powered vehicles, e.g. e-bikes, e-scooters, Cylindrical Li-ion cells are beginning to play figure had increased to over 100,000 t. Mar- e-boats, fork lift trucks, lawnmowers, and a central role in the industrial sector. Their ket experts forecast a rise of 10% in terms of wheelchairs, as well as energy storage sys- design, which includes a solid housing around MWh between 2014 and 2025; other studies each individual cell, ensures a high level of predict a similar increase during the same safety. Furthermore, they are relatively cost- period. effective and available in the same form factor for a long period of time, meaning a technology upgrade is fairly fast and easy. Samsung SDI has been the global market leader for cylindrical Li-ion cells since 2010. Its portfolio starts with models that provide a maximum discharge current of between 6A and 8A and whose nominal capacity ranges from 2150mAh to 3450mAh. Vehicles such as e-scooters, golf carts or lawnmowers require cells with a capacity of 1800mAh to 3300mAh and a charge voltage of 4.125V or 4.2V. Cells designed for temporary peak currents of up to 30A are available for applications capable of delivering extremely high temporary discharge currents. Their capacity rating goes from 2000mAh to 2950mAh.

60 www.rutronik.com Focus|Batteries

Battery pack design

The cylindrical Li-ion cells are basically only used in battery packs. They form the core of the design. This is because the battery cell determines the parameters and specifications with which the system can operate and which active and passive components are required to ensure top system performance. Rutronik offers its customers extensive help and advice when it comes to selecting the ideal battery and other required components and thus a unique one-stop shopping experience.

The basic design of a battery pack is usually always the same: Several cylindrical cells are connected in parallel (P configuration) and/or Cylindrical cells are used in numerous applications, and the upward trend is expected to continue. in series (S configuration). Next to this is the battery management system (BMS). It has to be carefully coordinated on the basis of an × t) flows into and out of the system during a ba-lancing system ensures that all cells are ultra-precise measurement of the charge and specific period of time. Ideally, each individual conditioned equally as far as possible, so that dis-charge currents and the cell voltage. The cell is monitored within tight tolerances and the upstream or downstream charging and dis- system typically includes a coulometer, which specification constraints in order to overchar- charging processes of the individual cells run precisely monitors which electric charge (Q=I ging or unwanted exhaustive discharge. A cell as uniformly as possible. An essential part of

Intel_Rutroniker.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 148.00 mm);26. Sep 2016 14:09:47 Advertisement Focus|Batteries

the BMS is temperature management of the of the cell can be determined, is currently on- Battery manufacturers like Samsung SDI battery pack and the individual cells. Since ly implemented in the laboratory with statio- therefore demand the comprehensive docu- adherence to the specified safe working tem- nary measuring points. This requires complex mentation of all product processes. This way, perature range of a cell has a huge impact on software algorithms to model the impedance customers can be sure of receiving original the operational safety, lifespan, and cycle sta- curve for comparison of the real analytical products, manufactured and shipped to the bility of the cell and thus the entire system. and measurement data against the software highest standards, which actually meet all the The implementation of temperature manage- model of the battery cell. Communication in- requirements of the target application. Docu- ment is by no means trivial. As temperature terfaces, usually UART and CAN, but quite ment management includes dangerous goods sensors can only be fitted to the exterior of the often Bluetooth, complete the battery pack. documents, manufacturer and product-speci- battery cell. However, they can only respond The charge status can be read directly on the fic documents as well as release documents slowly, as temperature increases inside the battery pack thanks to LED bargraph displays. for the battery pack manufacturer or battery battery are either detected with a certain de- buyer. This means a vast number of certifica- lay or insufficiently from the outside. Software Delicate to handle tes, confirmations, and contracts must be models for describing and analyzing the ther- confirmed by both parties. This ensures not mal conductivity of the cell are used to coun- only that the products conform to the strin- teract this deficiency as much as possible. Extensive knowledge and careful working gent safety requirements but also that the practices are decisive not only when designing BMS designer works in strict conformance to At present complex impedances of the single but also when handling Li-ion batteries. As the the agreed rules. cell are not measured in production applica- cells have been designed for very specific ap- tions, such as to determine the state of health plications. If they are used in a different appli- After selecting a specific battery with the help as a means of predicting battery life. In the cation or operated in unacceptable conditions, and support of Rutronik FAEs and product long term, however, this will be a primary both the battery and the application may be engineers, the customer is issued what is function in every future BMS. Impedance seriously damaged. Strict adherence to spe- known as a CET document. The customer uses spectroscopy, by which the impedance curve cifications is thus imperative for everyone in- this document to provide detailed informati- of the real and imaginary internal resistance volved in the design or handling process. on about the application and how the battery is to be used, including the charge time period, maximum peak current pulse, final voltage, etc. The customer must state a competent person and their contact details. This FS_Rutroniker_EN.pdf;S: 1;Format:(112.00 x 143.00 mm);14. Oct 2016 10:46:50Advertisement person also has to sign the statement. The company thereby pledges to only use the batteries being purchased for the specified purpose. Without this declaration, no transaction can take place, because the information it contains is provided for the safety of all parties, and is a key element of risk management within the battery business process.

Absolute confidentiality is of paramount importance in this respect. NDAs (Non-Disclo- sure Agreement) between Samsung SDI and Rutronik as well as between Rutronik and the customer are mandatory. In addition to the actual quote, the customer also receives the data sheet, which, just like the product use declaration (PUD), must be signed as part of the contractual commitment. The customer is additionally provided with an MSDA (Material Safety Data Sheet), which lists the safety requirements for the specific product in detail, and the recycling documents. Safe shipment Seeing as Li-ion batteries are classed as dangerous goods, the distributor is required to comply with further laws and regulations. The ICAO (International Civil Aviation Orga- nization) / IATA (International Air Transport Association) stipulates that batteries being

62 www.rutronik.com Focus|Batteries

shipped must not be charged more than 30% and that they must only be shipped in limited quantities and separate from other cargo. Correct handling is documented and risks arising from the product indicated in specifically marked shipping documents, Certificates of Conformity (CoC) or dangerous goods information.

Furthermore, the safeguarding of end-to-end traceability is essential. In this respect, Rutronik can rely on a tried-and-tested system. A camera-based system simultaneously reads, records, and ar-chives all the label information and recognizes and interprets all Core Pack Controller Box + Bottom Rail types of barcodes. Information about each Design of a battery pack with battery management system using an e-bike pack from Samsung SDI individual packaging unit can still be retrieved as an example; also available at Rutronik exclusively for OEMs of e-bikes. years later thanks to a unique number.

The central management of all processes and active customers. At Rutronik, all the proces- subsidiary around the globe can access this the processing and archiving of relevant data ses are fully IT based, thus ensuring their cor- archive. This way, it is possible to determine and documents are the basic prerequisites in rect execution at all times. All documents and which product was where, when, and why. the global battery business. Standardization information are saved in a central archive This USP is decisive for safeguarding the fu- of the process landscape across all continents system and linked to the delivery note level. ture of a company actively involved in the is particularly important for internationally Each and every Rutronik branch office and global battery business. ■

Advertisement Nordic_Rutroniker.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 148.00 mm);27. Sep 2016 14:57:20

Want to see Meet us at Electronica the latest in 2016 Bluetooth low energy? Hall 3 / Stand 459 is the place!

Meet our R&D experts See and try live demos Win a free nRF52 Development Kit

nordicsemi.com Top-Focus|Disruptive Technologies

Intel® QuarkTM SE Microcontroller Quark Featuring Pattern Matching and Sensor Hub

With the Quark SE Intel is taking the first step toward Edge IoT: Featuring pattern matching technology and a sensor hub, the new microcontroller extends IoT networks all the way to their smart end-points. Martin Motz, Product Manager CPU, explains how the technologies work, and where they offer the most benefits.

Author: Martin Motz, Product Sales Manager

attern matching technology involves a neuronal matrix which classifies content by direct comparison to exis- Pting patterns. The matrix is a powerful paral- lelized, associative memory (Content Addres- sable Memory – CAM) which is not linked directly to an (additional) MCU core – and so not to any command set or compiler either. The integrated hardware IP – a special Intel Associative memory function block – is based on a network of parallel processor units – the neurons – to im- In conventional memory systems, the addres- tural organization is independent of the ac- plement KNN and RBF algorithms (K-Nearest sing by explicit addresses regularly reflects a cess operation. In the idealized associative Neighbor; Radial Basis Function). The Intel structure; the memory locations defined as a memory, memory locations are created only Quark SE microcontroller‘s Intel Quark pro- result are initially assigned a „blank“ value. where a write operation had previously taken cessor core is compatible with the Pentium The programming is rule-based. By contrast, place. The content is accessed by entering a 586 ISA, meaning it has a Pentium-compa- the associative memory uses association to memory value, not via a memory address. tible command set. access individual memory contents. Its struc- Implementing large associative memories is difficult, because even imprecise inputs are intended to deliver the desired result. This can be achieved with neuronal networks. The key to success – that is to say, for correct processing of a pattern – is correct training of the neuronal network. The Intel Quark SE‘s pattern matching technology enables this.

Pattern matching

The integrated Intel pattern matching function block permits scenario analysis in conjunction with a new-style highly efficient signal pre-

64 Powered by www.rutronik.com Top-Focus|Disruptive Technologies

processing technique. This means complex intelligence in the immediate vicinity of the For sensor connection, there is access to 12- scenarios can be analyzed much faster and sensors and terminal devices, the data vo- bit analog-digital conversion with up to 19 better than with conventional software pro- lumes occurring in networks can be reduced. channels as well as 16 GPIO ports. The serial gramming. In fact, depending on the applica- This also minimizes the load on gateway ca- data bus connections used are 2 x I2C Master tion profile, this solution is often easier to pacities, so saving on bandwidth cost. (Standard / FM), and 2x SPI Master (16 MHz implement, and it also opens up new applica- clock speed with 4 chip selects). tion possibilities. The Intel Quark SE‘s pattern The integrated functional unit helps to opti- matching block forms a dynamically reconfi- mize power consumption by processing pro- A separate compiler to generate a binary file gurable matrix. By abandoning complex rule- grammable wake-up signals. Based on the is available for the sensor subsystem. An based programming, it acquires the facility to CPU sleep mode, major power savings are open-source GCC-based compiler with Eclipse reconfigure content, for self-learning, and for achieved, along with extended battery life, plugin from GitHub and a Designware IDE successive convergence. It can be trained, and especially when frequently scanning multiple from Synopsys are current available options is then able to classify any data types. In the sensor input signals in Always Listening mode. for this. process, new incoming data is compared against the existing learned data in the MCU, Both the sensor hub and the pattern matching and the best match is identified. technology are implemented as a fully integrated hardware solution, meaning no cost is Integrated pattern matching technology of- incurred for procurement of additional com- fers a number of advantages over conventio- ponents. nal rule-based programming: • Standardized procedure and automated al- Application areas gorithm development • Adaptive analytics enable continuous learning and detailing Based on pattern matching in conjunction • Consistent matching time per step regard- with the sensor hub, the Quark SE permits less of data volumes The sensor subsystem is an integrated hard- recognition and analysis of behavioral and • Shorter development lead times for algo- ware and software solution for control tasks activity patterns, biometric authentication, rithms, resulting in shorter time to market in the processing of analog and digital input preventive maintenance including based on signals. It relieves the load on the host proces- remote diagnosis, as well as high-speed The potential of pattern matching technology sor, as well as processing sensor data in Low data analysis in sensor networks – leading to can be most fully exploited in highly complex Power mode relative to the host processor. The entirely new kinds of applications. A few ex- application cases. 32-bit processor required for the purpose – an amples illustrate the possibilities: ARC EM4 DSP digital signal processor – fea- Sensor hub tures closely coupled function blocks for ac- Personal protection cess with minimal latency time. The sensor subsystem comprises a series of Intel-specific Another new feature of the Intel Quark SE is command sets for fractioning, processing of If miners, firefighters or others engaged in the integrated sensor hub. It regularly scans complex numbers, generating Sin/Cos func- hazardous operations wear personal sensors sensor input signals, and is subsequently used tions and floating-point units (FPUs). Access while working, all relevant data can be recor- for pattern matching in order to classify ac- is provided to an 8KB L1 Instruction Cache and ded so as to provide them with maximum tivity and gesture recognition. Thanks to the an 8 kB Data CCM (Closely Coupled Memory). safety.

www.rutronik.com Top-Focus|Disruptive Technologies

The equipment includes: consumption. It extends from the energy ma- turing the same technology in the QFN40 • Sensor to detect torso movements and arm nagement gateway for interlinking energy package – with a competitor from the Cortex gestures and sensors, through to equipment manage- M0+ class (32 bit 32 MHz), the Intel Quark • Smart activity monitor directly on the body ment solutions on the Cloud, linked to custo- SE microcontroller is found to have approxi- to detect activity mer systems. mately five times higher consumption in • Gas sensor power-down mode. • Peak pulse rate monitor Remote diagnosis • Local CO2 detector for motor monitoring Since 8-bit and 16-bit microcontrollers are • Location-finding and convergence of sensor standard for ultra-low-power applications in data locally (mobile sensor fusion) the Edge IoT environment, it may be proble- • Contact with the first person on-site (where Remote monitoring of a motor requires a matic to achieve the specified device runtimes appropriate with an interior location via data input for Bluetooth® and the USB pro- with extended standby modes based on the WiFi) tocol as well as a user interface for JTAG. The Quark family. The sensor hub feature of the • Cloud data storage internal data processing is carried out in Quark SE does, however, offer possibilities to • Mobile visualization in the upper range of relation to x, y and z components, or vectors, reduce runtimes in CPU Run mode in sensor the network by means of externally expanded storage Always Listening mode, and so cut power con- • Monitoring of degree of sensor data proces- capacity. Other features include sensor in- sumption. sing (so-called PoC elements) puts with bidirectional communications to measure acceleration and magnetic field Consistency Home smart meter strength, as well as an ultrasound micro- through to Edge IoT and gateway phone.

Innovation leader The Intel Quark processor core, which is com- For consumption measurement, the micro- patible with the Pentium 586 ISA, and fea- controller‘s input is connected via an analog tures a command set largely compatible with front-end to the voltage and current sensors. With its combination of integrated sensor hub the Pentium, justifiably boosts the vision of After further processing of the extensive data, and pattern matching technology, Intel offers simple, seamless integration into Intel plat- the results are presented on an external dis- a genuinely unique selling point. Users bene- form network structures, with all the associ- play and stored externally. Thanks to the con- fit from reduced software complexity and ated benefits for the end customer. The Intel nection to the Intel Home Energy Gateway from the possibility to implement new-style IoT platform incorporates models for refe- and an RS485 port, the data is available application cases which demand extensive rence architectures for connecting various across an extensive network. sensor systems and data analysis. end-points, as well as a dedicated ecosystem to implement secure connections of electronic devices, including in relation to the use of solutions from other manufacturers. The platform enables the provision of secure data to the Cloud, and represents a major en- richment in terms of data analytics possibilities.

The use of Intel products such as the Quark SE within this platform creates valuable syn- ergies both for network providers and for users. At the same time, the Intel Security and Trust platform enables the security of network structures to be extended consistently as far as Edge IoT, that is to say, through to the sensor, actuator or terminal device. IoT-based energy data acquisition and proces- The Quark SE features sufficient options to sing of this kind is a key technology for ener- safeguard and implement wired connectivity. With the Quark SE, Intel is now taking a major gy management. The Quark blocks featuring The current version does not include inte- step toward the integration of terminal de- the integrated Quark core permit full integ- grated wireless function blocks to communi- vices, sensors and actuators into the Intel IoT ration into an energy management frame- cate wirelessly. They are included in the platform alongside the already launched Intel work, and so greatly reduce the solution Roadmap for 2017/2018 however. The imple- Quark D2000 microcontroller in the QFN40 provider‘s workload. The Intel end-to-end mentation of mobile applications of devices/ package. Some customers will no doubt miss framework provides the hardware and soft- boards requires additional components. With the range of derivatives otherwise to be found ware elements to connect the energy system regard to power-saving in standby mode, on the Edge IoT market. Intel has announced devices to the Cloud, enables remote-con- Intel is doubtless not able to meet all expec- a variant in the FCBGA 144 package. And …. trolled system management, and identifies tations with the Quark SE. Comparing the with its strong focus on Edge IoT, lots more possibilities for drastically reducing energy Quark D2000 – the predecessor series fea- innovations can be expected. ■

66 Powered by www.rutronik.com Top-Focus|Disruptive Technologies

Augmented Reality Industrial Doping When Apple launched the first iPhone back in 2007, controlling industrial machinery and large plants via a touch-screen was unthinkable – in the meantime this has become a matter of course though. It is therefore plain to see, even without virtual reality glasses, that augmented reality, which is becoming more and more common in the private sector, will also become the standard in the professional sector.

Author: Bernd Hantsche, Marketing Director Embedded & Wireless

f a tent had been on fire in Gaul in 50 asleep. The firefighters receive all the rele- (Breach of Duty of Care) for WiFi networks has BC, Obelix would only have had to clap vant information directly and accurately been abolished in Germany,“ claims Daniel his strong hands to put it out and res- from the cloud – via transparent displays, Barth. Assisted-GNSS, i.e. the fast download Itore peace to the village. Unfortunately, holography or regular displays that present of Almanac and Ephemeris data from the In- it will not be that easy for firefighters in real camera images together with informa- ternet, also reduces start-up times and often the foreseeable future, but increasingly net- tion from the cloud. even the total energy balance of the applica- worked sensor systems do offer considerable tion, depending on the respective application support. One element is fire detectors which „In order to obtain a precise position very scenario and set wake-up behavior. Rutronik‘s are now mandatory in almost every German quickly even in critical environments, current product portfolio includes, for instance, Telit federal state. More and more manufactu- satellite receivers use the signals from up to SL871L for this purpose. The small module rers offer variants with integrated wireless five different GNSS systems,“ explains Daniel with a footprint of just one square centime- Barth, head of Rutronik‘s Wireless Compe- ter supports GPS, Glonass, Beidou, and Gali- tence Center. Even before the launch of the leo. In contrast to other common receivers, it first iPhone, Rutronik pursued the vision of a features an additional low-noise amplifier for networked world and established the Wireless increasing the sensitivity even further. Competence Center in 2005. Since then, the globally active team has been supporting de- Active antennas can be connected directly. velopment engineers, e.g. in the field of safe- Downloaded Ephemeris files can be injected ty technology. „It all started with simple immediately into the module. The product GPRS/GPS combinations in order to send GPS concept of Telit allows for variants of Flash coordinates to a database server,“ Daniel or ROM, with or without LNA as well as with Barth recalls. „Today, most receivers employ or without support from Russian, European several systems, and LTE has replaced GPRS. or Chinese satellites. „By combining the It‘s better developed, more energy efficient, module with cellular wireless, e.g. with a mo- and future proof as 4G/LTE is still being further dule from the xE910 or xE866 family, two developed, in contrast to 2G/GPRS and 3G/ important key components are perfectly The Intel IEEE802.11ad Solution UMTS which have already been discontinued equipped. We recommend the Redpine for embedded boards in some countries.“ RS9113 family as a supplement. Since WiFi enables both rapid localization and high interfaces, ensuring lights are switched on Additional positioning using cell localization speed communication and also works per- automatically, roller shutters opened, win- of the cellular wireless transmission stations fectly with an intact cellular phone network dows closed, and entrance doors unlocked can save lives in case of complete GNSS fail- and GNSS,“ says Barth. in the event of an alarm. Smart cameras ure. „Thanks to the falling costs for wireless inside the apartment have already informed hardware and an increasing number of WiFi Augmented reality the fire department about how many people networks in residential areas, one should not within Industry 4.0 are still trapped in the danger zone. Thanks do without this additional tracking method to fitness wristbands and watches, the fire- for new developments – first and foremost fighters even know whether these people because we‘re expecting further expansion of The global information networks of industry are in a state of shock, panic-fueled or fast the infrastructure now that ‚Stoererhaftung‘ and the ‚smart factories‘ only become con-

www.rutronik.com Powered by 67 Top-Focus|Disruptive Technologies trollable with the respective visualization serious competitor to horses was not a com- tion to this, our customers receive a board systems. Since the achievable level of auto- mon belief at the beginning either. which has been adapted to the application. Up mation is gigantic and almost nobody under- to now, we‘ve had very good experience with stands the system as a whole. In order to further enhance the performance the Fujitsu industrial mainboards, for instance of data glasses, Rutronik already offers its cus- in ATX or ITX format, or an Advantech embed- In an industrial green house, for example, ma- tomers initial modules that are compatible ded board. Both manufac-turers are Intel cer- chines sow, harvest, and package goods fully with standard IEEE802.11ad – something not tified partners so that we can work closely automatically. In this scenario, the nutrient even offered by Google Glass. The „ad“ tech- together and realize specific wishes, too.“ content of the irrigation and shading systems nology enables the transmission of high reso- is controlled automatically and pollination is lution and uncompressed ultra HD (3840x2160 Augmented reality released using the weight of beeyards. Real- pixels) videos with congenial high frame rates and love time POS data from the surrounding super- and thus replaces, for example, an HDMI cable. markets determine what is to be cultivated. Anja Schaal, WiFi specialist at the Rutronik But what happens if the harvesting machine Wireless Competence Center, provides an ex- Smartphones have become a crucial tool in suddenly harvests everything or the packaging ample: „We recommend the Intel® Tri-Band people‘s lives; certainly for personal affairs plant fails? Each fault that occurs anywhere Wireless-AC 18260 to anyone who wishes to like online dating: The prince or princess of in such a networked system can easily lead to become familiar with the new ad technology. your dreams must be somewhere on Tinder, enormous costs. Combination with the antenna module Intel® Lovoo, Badoo or Friendscout24 …. You might be right in thinking that a set of augmented reality glasses can transform every potential candidate into a „great looker“, but this will not make for a happier relationship in the long term. But what a set of data glasses can do is recognize facial features, including searching and comparing data from various databases. If you see an object of desire while shopping in a supermarket, for example, you will be provided with a list of additional information: Age, common friends, bands you both like… If you are interested in getting to know the person better, all it takes is for you to inconspi- cuously turn a networked ring on your finger and he or she will receive a virtual alert which they can either accept or decline.

This scenario is currently in the development stage. Special beacons for singles are also available. These electronic beacons transmit an ID code. Based on the RSSI (Received Sig- nal Strength Indication) evaluation, it is possible to show the distance to the beacon quite accurately. The dating service provider converts the ID code into contact and Facebook information upon payment of a fee. These beacons as based on battery-friendly Blue- tooth smart technology and currently use the leading solution Nordic Semiconductor nRF51822. This chip combines the 2.4 GHz transceiver, an ARM Cortex M0 microcontrol- AR technology can provide valuable help in Wireless Gigabit Antenna-M 10041R and the ler, AD converter, flash memory, and other this respect: Data glasses can show a worker wireless dock module Intel® Wireless Gigabit useful peripherals in a compact 3.8mm x or fitter the right screw to be turned or display Sink W13100 results in a perfectly attuned 3.8mm package. With a working temperature work steps for replacing a defective valve. IEEE802.11ad system which can be used as the of up to 105°C, it can also be used in harsh basis for developing individual applications. For industrial environments or at a kitchen stove. This changes the business model of plant ma- high-volume productions, it is possible to But the best thing about this hardware is the nufacturers: In a couple of years, they will change to smaller designs.“ Besides the 60 GHz available software: Nordic is seen as the in- earn less money with service technicians than band, the card also supports the common 2.4 ventor of this Bluetooth variation, is a board with the provision of AR services. Annual con- GHz and 5 GHz WiFi frequencies – with 867 member of the Bluetooth Special Interest tracts for accessing digital maintenance and Mbps thanks to 2x2 streams. Bluetooth 4.2, Group, and has placed the highest priority on repair manuals may sound quite absurd today Intel vPro Technology, and the Intel® Wireless developing protocols, profiles, and applica- – but the idea that automobiles would be a Display standard are also supported. „In addi- tions ever since development of the first

68 Powered by www.rutronik.com Top-Focus|Disruptive Technologies

BLE-TRX (nRF8001). „This advanced level of hands to swirl text and moving images across know-how comes to the fore in the latest the screen, many people have such monitors System generation, the nRF52832,“ claims Lan Hong, in mind when they hear the term AR. In rea- Rutronik‘s specialist for Bluetooth Smart and lity, the launch of a professional, industry- Concept the ANT protocol. „Nordic has again managed relevant display of this nature is not expected Rutronik has a team of dedicated spe- to increase overall efficiency by updating the until 2017/2018. However, a brand new cialists for each product group that transceiver unit and integrating an M4 core. touch-screen experience can be enjoyed to- works closely with manufacturers and This requires considerably less calculation day: Tactile displays from TNE (Tianma NLT coordinates between several partners. time which enhances battery life.“ In addition, Europe) are stimulated by high frequencies to This system approach is an investment there are larger RAM and flash options, an allow users to actually tactilely sense leather, that quickly pays off, particularly in integrated Balun filter, and an on-chip NFC stone, metal or wood. Buttons can suddenly terms of new technologies and inter- tag for fast pairing. This new technology also be felt on the glass surface. action between various components: enhances the size of beacons for singles while Programming individual drivers, out- at the same time extending the lifespan of the For example, drivers will be able to view ope- sourcing communication profiles, pre- button cell and facilitating connection to a rating displays in cars without having to take paring sensor data, and encrypting Smartphone through a simple touch motion. their eyes of the road. The 3D displays from data securely at the right locations „Once again the best specials of this platform NLT offer completely new perspectives in con- requires more than one expert. are not found in the data sheet but in the free nection with a Kinect camera: Once the ca- software,“ says Lan Hong. mera has detected the position of the user‘s The Rutronik team helps with cloud head and eyes, the display presents relevant integration, designing boards, merging Displays with feelings objects automatically at the correct angle. software layers, and compiling Initial demonstrations by the manufacturer displays, touch components, CPUs, show how all remote maintenance tasks will boards, storage media, and wireless Thanks to the Hollywood blockbuster „Mino- soon be carried out virtually. This could not certifications. rity Report“, in which Tom Cruise stands in even have been accomplished by the heroes front of transparent displays, waving his of yesteryear. ■

_0FAW9_Murata2_englisch_Rutroniker.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 148.00 mm);10. Oct 2016 16:37:30 Advertisement

All that you need Enabling IoT applications for the Nordic IC

Our latest kit will provide you with a comprehensive set of components with supporting part information to give everything you need to aid your design when implementing the nRF52x32 or nRF51x22 IC.

How to order

nRF51x22 series http://go.murata.com/nrf51x22

nRF52x32 series http://go.murata.com/nrf52x32

8-11 November Main stand B5.107 Power & energy A2.547

IoT-EN_EU-Rutroniker-Oct2016-230x148-Rev1.2.indd 1 10/10/2016 13:58:31 Main Topic|Power

Capacitors Supercaps – a Replacement for Batteries? As supercaps (supercapacitors, electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs)) become more and more popular, there is an increasing desire to migrate the power supplies for various applications from batteries to EDLCs. However, in many cases this is not a logical step as a 1:1 exchange, or is even impossible. Many applications can nevertheless be optimized with the aid of supercaps.

Author: Christian Kasper, technical Support

atteries and supercaps are based on over a wide range, and only drops sharply at attains an efficiency of approximately 50 to completely different energy storage the end of the discharge process. (see gra- 90 percent. Batteries offer the advantage over methods. Looking at them more phic 1) capacitors of much higher energy content. Bclosely, it becomes clear why they cannot be Their disadvantages are sensitivity to high simply interchanged: During charging, the electrical energy is con- current peaks, which permanently damage verted into chemical energy, and is stored as the battery, and an operating temperature Battery: electrochemical storage such. On discharge, it is released again as range limited to approximately 0 to 45°C. Va- electrical energy. The stored energy is calcu- lues above or below those limits will shorten lated by the formula: energy (Ws) = (capacity the life of the battery owing to its chemical A battery is in practice a voltage source. The (Ah) / 3600s) x nominal voltage (V). Depen- composition. voltage remains very stable during discharge ding on the battery technology, this principle Capacitor: electrostatic storage Graphic 1: Whereas the battery voltage remains constant at the same level for a long time, As capacitors store the energy in electrosta- that of the capacitor decreases in linear mode. tic form, and the voltage drop as the current is drawn is virtually linear (see graphic 1), they are classed as a current-based power source. They attain an efficiency of around 98 percent, and operate without damage within a temperature range from -40°C to + 65°C; at low temperatures their capacity even increases a little more. Thanks to the ESR in the milli-ohm range, current peaks of several hundred to a thousand amperes are poss-

70 Powered by www.rutronik.com Main Topic|Power

ible. Their Achilles heel is their much lower capacitor-based solution is not useful. The charging current, the capacitor was fully re- energy content compared to batteries. The answer to the question „battery or capacitor?“ charged in about 35 seconds. This requires no energy content is calculated by the formula: is then „a combination of the two“. charging electronics, just a charging end vol- Ws = 0.5 x capacity (C) x voltage swing (∆V²) tage limiter. An advantage of this solution is With a hybrid solution of this kind, the batte- that no low voltage cut-out is needed, as Dimensioning of the capacitor ry capacity can be better utilized, thereby there is still sufficient torque available even extending the operating time per charge. At as the rotation speed decreases. This is be- the same time, thanks to the lower current cause EDLCs are able to deliver many times To migrate power supply from batteries to load the battery life is substantially extended the current of batteries, and can also with- EDLCs, the dimensioning of the energy sto- – according to initial empirical data by as stand very low voltages without damage. They rage device has to be fundamentally rede- much as 100 percent. This can be implemen- permit over 100,000 recharging cycles. signed owing to the different technologies ted with various topologies, from a simple and characteristics. Orienting solely to the parallel configuration to actively controlled Lithium-ion battery rating is not normally useful, as they and logically linked systems. battery solution are often over-dimensioned in order to withstand the necessary current and power output Example application: peaks. Such over-dimensioning is not neces- cordless screwdriver With a lithium-ion battery with 1.5Ah nomi- sary for EDLCs because of their peak current nal capacity, one charge was able to screw withstand capability. approximately 250 wood screws of the same The practical example of a 14.4 V cordless size into the same wood board. It then took Anyone looking to switch to capacitors screwdriver illustrates the performance of about an hour to fully recharge the battery. should answer questions such as: How much solutions purely featuring EDLCs, purely fea- power is needed for the desired function – turing lithium-ion batteries, and hybrid solu- It should be noted in these analyses that all that is to say, what operating and buffer tions (combinations of lithium-ion battery higher-quality cordless screwdrivers have a times are desirable or necessary at what cur- and EDLC) in terms of charging time, power low voltage cut-out to protect the battery. rent, potential voltage swing, and power and operating time. At present, cordless Because the depth of discharge (DOD) of a output? screwdrivers are mostly fitted with lithium- lithium-ion battery is approximately 70 percent, meaning that of the 1.5Ah only 1.05Ah is actually available. If the battery would be discharged beyond that, lasting damage would be caused. As the battery life progres- ses the usable nominal capacity decreases further. In practice, the battery can withstand between 150 and 200 charging cycles.

Hybrid solution

In the hybrid solution, the 1.5Ah lithium-ion battery was paired with 15 25F EDLCs. The cordless screwdriver was then able to screw approximately 300 of the wood screws into the board. The recharging time with this solution, too, was about one hour, but the battery life was doubled to as much as around 400 charging cycles, and the DOD improved, Graphic 2: Comparison: Supercap - NiMh battery reaching 80 to 90 percent.

Conclusion A capacitor can be utilized optimally if 100 ion batteries. They are lighter, and have much percent charging voltage is halved. That cor- higher capacity than their predecessors, NiCd responds to 75 percent energy efficiency. With and NiMh batteries. So the tests showed: The combination of smaller voltage swings, increasing capacity is lithium-ion battery and EDLC delivers the required for the same power output, or a DC/ EDLC solution best performance with the same charging DC converter is additionally needed to pro- time as a purely battery-based solution, with vide the required voltage range for the appli- the added bonus of double the battery life cation. In the practical test, with five series-configu- and a higher DOD, meaning a higher energy red 350F EDLC cells and a charging voltage of yield per discharge. So it remains to be seen Setting a purely energy-related appraisal 13.8V, approximately 40 wood screws (4.5 x when this technology will be introduced into against the volume of EDLCs and their com- 40mm) could be screwed into a wood board battery-powered equipment such as power ponent costs, it is often shown that a purely before the tool had to be recharged. At 20A tools. ■

www.rutronik.com Powered by 71 Main Topic|Power

Research Partners Rutronik and University of Applied Sciences Zwickau (WHZ) First-of-its-kind Technology: Digitally Controlled Hybrid Energy Storage System

Rutronik has developed a revolutionary new hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in collaboration with Author: Andreas Mangler, the University of Applied Sciences Zwickau (WHZ). Head of Strategic Marketing The combination of battery and ultracapacitor improves the peak current characteristics of the energy storage system, minimizes battery degradation significantly, he aim of the project for Rutronik was and ensures greater flexibility thanks to digital control. to prove that every battery system can be combined with ultracapacitors In a wide variety of applications, this technology additionally inT a real working environment. It all boils contributes to extremely high levels of reliability down to the fact that this technology facilitates ideal distribution of the workload: while enhancing the capacity of development effort. While the battery works as a continuous supplier of energy to meet the constant power delivery demands, the ultracapacitor deals with the temporary peak currents and voltages.

The discharge current of the battery is limited to its nominal value, thus ensuring it never exceeds its rated operating range. This „gentle operation“ helps to increase system lifetime by up to 100%. Furthermore, there is less or no heat generated inside the battery which inevitably extends the operational lifespan. A battery-ultracapacitor pack can be recharged at any time, irrespective of the charge status, without damaging the battery cells, and delivers full power performance during its entire lifetime. A charged battery- ultracapacitor pack is immediately ready for use even after months of idleness, as ultracapacitors have an extremely low self-discharge rate. Discharged ultracapacitors can be fully recharged within a matter of seconds. More- over, they have a very robust design and offer great performance even at temperatures below 0°C.

This means: The system‘s reliability increases considerably. This kind of hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is, therefore, also of interest for safety-critical applications, e.g. medical devices such as defibrillators. The design is additionally ideal for leasing or rental Practical measuring setup with the demonstrator equipment that needs to offer a guaranteed

72 Powered by www.rutronik.com Toshiba_Rutronik.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 297.00 mm);05. Oct 2016 12:14:31

Main Topic|Power Leading Innovation Toshiba Electronics Europe (TEE}, the inventor of NANO Flash, offers one of the industry's broadest IC and discrete product lines worldwide and is known for its leading- edge technology. At electronica Toshiba will showcase its comprehensive portfolio of power mosfets, memory chips and optocouplers on the Rutronik booth, hall AS - 262.

COUPLERS FOR EVERY APPLICATION

Toshiba's compact and reliable photocouplers are the first choice for applications that need to combine guaranteed galvanic isolation to international safety standards • with performance, low-power consumption and extended temperature operation. �'t- These devices, which include Logic-IC output and IGBT gate drive devices ., � for harsh industrial applications, integrate a high-power infrared LED and an advanced photodetector into a single package. What's more pin-for-pin compatibility with many third party devices means you can upgrade your application without costly re-design.

RELIABLE HIGH-PERFORMANCE NAND FLASH

Toshiba's advanced Flash Memory technology delivers SLC NAND with best in class endurance and an extended temperature range. Toshiba's BENAND™ makes it possible to utilize the latest 24nm SLC NANO Flash technology without a hardware change, even if the existing platform cannot support higher bit ECC.

EFFICIENT HIGH-SPEED SWITCHING

Toshiba's new 900V TT-MOS VIII (Pi-MOS 8) range of MOSFETs in T0-220SIS packages offer ultra-efficient, high-speed, high-voltage performance. The four N-channel devices have typical on resistance (RDS(ON)) ratings down to just 1.90. The perfect solution for circuits requiring current switching below 9A.

Main Topic|Power service life. This includes all types of consumer power tools, from cordless screwdrivers to circular saws.

This is influenced by the characteristics of the ultracapacitors: They charge and discharge extremely high rates of energy within just a few seconds.

Ultracapacitors: Robust and durable

Simplified presentation of the topology In stark contrast to batteries, ultracapacitors achieve a lifespan of up to 10 years and feature an ultra-high cycle life (at least 500,000 best way to minimize this level of complexi- 2:1, i.e. the voltage at the ultracapacitor is cycles). Furthermore, their extensive working ty. This enables a comparatively compact and twice as high as at the battery. In other words, temperature range from -40°C to 70°C means efficient circuit technology structure. The the energy of the ultracapacitor is utilized to they are less temperature sensitive than bat- development time and costs as well as the the full; it can supply 75% of its available teries. One feature ultracapacitors lack is the number of required components are reduced energy at 50% of the voltage. inability to store large amounts of energy accordingly. In many respects, the system is (energy density). Where these double layer far quicker and easier to customize due to the Topology capacitors do stand out from the crowd digital solution. of the demonstrator though is in their ability to cope with frequent deep discharging: Conventional Li-ion batte- Other key advantages include the fact that ries have a depth of discharge (DOD) of around the voltage at the inverter can vary within a Manufacturers of high-quality cordless 25%, whereas ultracapacitors supply about very wide definable range. If necessary, the power tools are always looking for ways to 75% DOD. Unlike batteries, a DOD drop below ultracapacitor can also be coupled directly guarantee or increase battery life. Strongly this value will not have a detrimental effect on the ultracapacitor‘s long-term performance, as only the number of charge cycles is reduced.

In order to combine the best characteristics of both energy storage elements in just one system, the charge and currents of the battery and the ultracapacitor have to be measured and balanced by a hybrid buck-boost converter. This is based on the definition of threshold values for both energy storage devices while taking the respective characteristic curve into consideration.

Various basic topologies already exist for this type of system design, e.g. with a parallel battery/ultracapacitor configuration, with a bidirectional converter and the ultracapacitor on the primary side and the battery on the secondary side, or the combination of a unidirectional and a bidirectional converter. One The thermal image of the demonstrator indicates a slight temperature increase for the active components thing all the topologies have in common when operating at peak load. The overarching aim of the research project was to show though is that they are relatively complex and that the hybrid energy storage system actually works in real life conditions – and this was fully achieved thus highly time-consuming and cost-inten- through reliable operation of the cordless screwdriver. sive. and dynamically to the inverter in order for it encouraged by industrial support, the design Averaging concept to support peak currents. The DC-DC conver- engineers defined the platform for developing with boost converter ter is only limited by the necessity of provi- a demonstrator – a cordless screwdriver. ding the peak current through a controlled diode (MOSFET). To guarantee optimum vol- The demonstrator‘s topology is based on a Both research partners decided the topology tage adaptation, the higher voltage in the combined buck OR MOS boost structure of a unidirectional DC-DC converter was the intermediate circuit can be set to a ratio of which had never before been applied within

74 Powered by www.rutronik.com Main Topic|Power

this context. It additionally incorporates fully The greatest challenge during the modeling digital power management, corresponding Control technology and simulation stage was to describe and map controllers, and end-to-end software confi- the real characteristics of the controller, the gurable parameters. The higher impedance Development of appropriate control algo- battery, the ultracapacitor, and the power battery system therefore delivers lower impe- rithms was carried out by Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lutz stages as exactly as possible. dance performance. The result: Zacharias, Dipl. Ing. (FH) Ringo Lehmann, and • Longer battery lifespan Dipl. Ing. (FH) Sven Slawinski from the Uni- Lean, affordable, and intelligent • Adjustable current limitation versity of Applied Sciences Zwickau (WHZ). • Excellent high power characteristics After in-depth system analysis and deter- • Battery‘s lifespan and state of health (SOH) mined controller synthesis, accompanied by A further simulation showed that the ultra- can be estimated simulation-based preliminary inspections, the capacitors would, except for a few specific required time-discrete algorithms were im- situations, not actually require balancing in Besides the ultracapacitors and the Li-ion plemented to meet target hardware con- this application and that it is therefore not battery that is connected to a primary power straints. really appropriate. This obviously helps to re- supply, the innovative power switching regu- duce the complexity of the circuit – making lator forms the centerpiece of this topology. The latest methods of model-based software it lean, affordable, and intelligent. It is complemented by an ultra-fast current design were used to create the control soft- direction logic which engages as soon as ware. As a result, the entire power manage- Once modeling had been completed, the en- energy starts to flow from the ultracapacitor. ment was modeled in VHDL-AMS. Using this tire system was simulated and mathemati- In addition, the analog current and voltage standardized model description language, cally analyzed before being accepted and signals of the Li-ion battery and the ultraca- control systems can be modeled and simula- implemented. pacitor are monitored to ensure ideal power ted in line with the physical hardware and, conditioning for optimum energy utilization. once automated via Auto-Coding, transferred After setup, the demonstrator was subjected to the target hardware. to a thermal analysis. The result: Even without The microcontroller defines the signal speci- a heatsink the temperature never exceeded fications and accordingly generates the PWM An additional, ultra-fast logic circuitry is ne- 50°C. This indicates that both the hardware signals for the power MOSFETs – in this case cessary to ensure safe operation at all times. and the control parameters had been defined from Infineon – and thus for the switched Since the safety and real-time requirements correctly without any discernible switching power supply. A special switch guides the cur- that are essential to delivering a compliant, losses. Operation within the safe working rent straight from the Li-ion battery to the viable solution cannot even be met by high- temperature range, without any thermal motor when peak currents are not required. performance, fast microprocessors. A decision stress, has an additional positive effect on the Suitably dimensioned, the ultracapacitor can was therefore made to invest in hardware system‘s lifespan. This is only possible when be recharged by the battery at any time during components, for example in the utilization of using the developed buck OR MOS boost to- breaks in operation. ultra-fast comparators. pology. ■

Space-Saving Discretes enables the Internet of Things Diodes‘ products enables the Internet of Things with higher power density in:

- MOSFETs and Bipolar Transistors - Data Line Protection (TVS) - Schottky and Super Barrier Rectifiers (SBR)

Leadless packages down to the DFN0606 reduce the footprint whilst delivering the same performance as much larger packages. With a footprint of only 0.36mm2 and an off-board height of only 0.4mm, the DFN0606 is 40% smaller than equivalent DFN1006, SOT883 and SOT1123 parts. Diodes’ offers a full portfolio including the popular DFN1006, DFN1010, DFN2020 and many other specialist leadless packages. www.diodes.com Main Topic|Power

High-current Inductors Greater Performance and Power Efficiency with a Smaller Footprint

Be it in the end customer segment, automotive market or industry: Increasingly powerful applications demand power inductors that deliver ever-greater efficiency in the most compact size possible. A solution to this problemis provided by composite power inductors.

Author: Jochen Neller, Technical Support IHLP6767GZ (source: Vishay)

he requirements presently placed on Since powdered iron has a high magnetic sa- Standard composite power inductors are power inductors are in stark contrast turation flux density, which helps to minimize available in case sizes 1212 (3x3mm) through to the traditional principles of induc- losses. This enables the production of induc- to 8787 (22x22mm). Due to their design, cur- Ttors: SMD ferrite inductors were for a long tors with a thinner core and thus more space rents above 100A are possible in very com- time the most popular technology for cur- for thicker copper windings. The low DC resis- pact components. By using various powdered rents greater than 1A. However, due to their tance and minimum core losses additionally iron composites it is possible to design and very high and nonlinear saturation behavior lead to less heat generation. implement specific customer requirements, and their relatively large footprint, experts e.g. high temperature up to 180°C or high began looking for new technologies – and The main advantage of powdered iron is its frequency ranges up to 5MHz for storage developed composite power inductors. robust saturation behavior that prevents even chokes. brief current peaks causing a drop in induc- These inductors for currents above 100A offer tance. And since this positive behavior does not These SMD power inductors are predominant- a wide array of technical benefits for use in rely on the ambient temperature and aging ly used as storage chokes in DC-DC converters power supplies and filter applications. The effects it allows reliable designs across a wide and as EMC filter chokes in various applica- special manufacturing process consisting of range of application. Furthermore, composite tions, especially in the automotive and indus- pressed powdered iron results in inductors power inductors provide a magnetically shiel- trial electronics sector. that come very close to the ideal image of an ded design for improving electromagnetic inductor in many sectors. compatibility and reducing interferences. LED driver circuits are available in several topologies, e.g. Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, and SEPIC design. The extensive range of applications includes interior and exterior automotive lighting, traffic and railroad signals, illumination, personal flashlights, and LCD panel backlights.

Practically, all of the said applications can benefit from the space savings delivered by Vishay‘s low-profile IHLP inductor series. The Design of a composite power inductor dimensions of the smallest type IHLP1212AB, (source: Vishay) for an inductance range of between 0.22µH

76 Powered by www.rutronik.com Main Topic|Power

and 100µH, and the largest type IHLP8787MZ generally with MnZn and NiZn cores – is still Complying with the automotive reliability are 3x3x1.2mm and 22x22,48x13mm respec- definitely justified, particularly for high fre- criteria AEC-Q200, these inductors are so tively. quencies and low eddy current losses. strongly structured that their core and wire can withstand a voltage of up to 120V DC. The e-field shielded power composite induc- They are also being further developed for use Measuring 16x16x10mm in size, they are tors of the IHLP series provide a particularly in high power applications. Sumida, for ex- specified for operating temperatures of up innovative solution for EMC critical applica- ample, has developed the low-profile, high- to +150°C. tions, which are especially prevalent in the automotive industry. Thanks to additional shielding, this easy-to-install and cost-effective solution reduces the negative impacts of the electric field significantly, generally by -20dB to 1cm.

In addition, power composite inductors are available with further new developments, for example the dual inductors of Vishay‘s IHLD inductor series. They are ideal for sophistica- ted Class-D audio amplifiers in the commercial and automotive sector. Thanks to the technical benefits of power composite technology, this type of inductor enables high- quality digital audio systems with less distor- tion and the smallest possible footprint. In contrast to a ferrite core inductor, performance of the composite power inductor IHLP remains strong The coupled inductors of the IHCL inductor even at higher current levels. (Source: Vishay) series have been designed, among other things, for SEPIC-DC/DC converters. Two inductors with a magnetic coupling of >90% are inte- current inductor series CDEP15D90 / T150 for If sufficient space is available, radial lead grated in one compact package. They are tem- use in automotive LED headlights. Recently, mushroom core inductors, e.g. from Murata perature resistant to +155°C and available headlights have been diversified and some of PS, Sumida, and Panasonic, offer a reason- with inductance values of up to 47µH. them are now equipped with ADB (Adaptive ably priced alternative. They are available as Driving Beam) or AFS (Adaptive Front-lighting unshielded and magnetically shielded ver- Even though composite technology offers ma- System). These systems require higher cur- sions and come in various sizes. ■ ny advantages, the use of ferrite inductors – rents of up to approx. 15A.

www.rutronik.com Powered by 77 Special|Automotive

Autonomous Driving is Set to be Marketable by 2025 source: Continental Innovative Sensor Technology for Autonomous Driving Autonomous cars are driven by sensor and camera based computers utonomous driving is set to be marketable by 2025. Drivers can then leave that are intended to make road traffic safer – that‘s the idea. the tasks of monitoring the roadway According to the market research institute Emnid, 41% of Germans andA controlling the vehicle to the system, as believe driverless cars can achieve this goal. Accordingly, the demand complete vehicle control will be achieved by highly innovative and precise sensors and ef- for advanced driver assistance systems is increasing sharply ficient microcontrollers. Drivers will be able in most automotive classes. to watch a video, write e-mails, use their smartphone or enjoy a meal or drink. This not only enhances driving comfort but also offers considerable time-saving benefits. Authors: Tamara Drexler, Product Manager Sensor Systems – Automotive Business Unit; Completely new services also arise in the Tobias Maier, Field Application Engineer – Automotive Business Unit commercial sector: A rental car can, for instance, drive autonomously and directly to the user at a specific time and not the other way around, i.e. the user to the vehicle. Or a moving van returns unmanned to the rental company after completing its task.

More safety

Besides increased comfort, driverless cars also offer decisive advantages with regard to two essential areas: Safety and environmental

78 Powered by www.rutronik.com Special|Automotive

protection. According to the German Federal Statistical Office, there were more than 2.5 source: Continental million road traffic accidents, 300,000 of which resulted in personal injuries, in Germa- ny in 2015. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) will help to minimize this huge figure, as they increasingly exclude human errors, e.g. due to fatigue, strong emotions or other distractions.

More economy

If assistance systems are complemented with car-to-car and car-to-x communication, it is possible to reduce CO2 emissions drastically. Route-related details, e.g. the latest traffic light status, traffic jam and road work information, guarantee proactive and efficient driving behavior. Unnecessary acceleration before a red light or the inefficient bypassing des Benz E-Class (model 213). One of the ba- sively through an acoustic or haptic warning of a traffic jam will then be a thing of the past. sic prerequisites for this technology is a ca- signal. The limit values for CO2 emissions of 95 g/km mera system that records the environment by 2020, as stipulated by the EU, will then be and an angle sensor that reads the current State-of-the-art camera systems use stereo within reach. Current models are already steering angle. Using the lane markings de- cameras, consisting of two high resolution equipped with a multitude of assistance sys- tected by the camera, the ECU determines a CMOS mono-cameras installed in a casing tems. However, drivers still have full control target course based on the middle of the lane approx. 20 cm behind the windshield. While over their vehicles. and sends this data to the steering system. a mono-camera simply estimates distances, This system can then actively respond to this the stereo version can measure the distance From ADAS to autonomous driving by intervening in the steering process or pas- to an object and its height above the road

According to the classification of the Society The basis of assistance systems of Automotive Engineers (SAE) for autono- and finally autonomous driving: mous driving, this corresponds to SAE level 3 numerous sensors. – „partial automation“. Depending on the driving mode, electronic systems assume all aspects of the dynamic driving task, the driver only needs to respond appropriately to the requirements, e.g. conditional deceleration or acceleration. An example of this is the automatic park pilot system, which maneuvers the car into an appropriately-sized parking spot. This system has been integrated in almost all luxury class cars.

Autonomous driving involves replicating the human senses of seeing and hearing as well as the way the brain processes data. These tasks are assumed by highly innovative and extremely precise sensors and electronic control units (ECUs). Both the systems and the individual components must fulfill the highest demands regarding functional safety (ISO 26262). Some examples of current assistance systems illustrate the function: A steering pilot supports the driver with lateral control and helps to keep the vehicle in the middle of the lane when the road is straight and the bends moderate. This type of steering pilot has, for instance, been integrated in the new Merce-

www.rutronik.com Powered by 79 Special|Automotive

TLE4941plusC Block Diagram

surface. At a mean distance of between 20 and 30 m, it can determine the distance to an object down to 20 to 30 cm. STRADA431 from STMicroelectronics is, for actively involved in the driving process, ac- Distance assistant instance, recommended as a 24 GHz radar celeration and deceleration must take place sensor due to its compact design in a QFN automatically. To achieve this goal, sensors package with a footprint of 6x6mm². The 3.3V measure the current speed, and the opening The distance assistant uses a radar system to supply voltage, the on-chip power sensor, and time of the throttle valve is controlled measure the distance and the relative speed the additional temperature sensor enable the accordingly. The rotational speed sensor TLE- to vehicles on the road ahead. Such radar sys- setup of an ASIL B compatible system. 4941plusC from Infineon has been developed tems with a small range of up to 250 m are as an ABS and ESP sensor. A sensor has also used for parking, braking, and distance Cruise control to be installed on all four wheels for this warning systems at approx. 75 GHz to 76 GHz purpose. In this respect, the TLE4941plusC, (wideband). Images of the stereo camera en- designed as a differential Hall Effect sensor, sure enhanced object and distance detection Cruise control is of key importance for auto- not only delivers accurate values but also through object fusion. The AEC-Q100 certified nomous driving. Since the driver is no longer exhibits high robustness. The Infineon sensor

Microchip_Rutroniker.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 99.00 mm);21. Sep 2016 14:46:59 Advertisement First PIC32 MCUswith Core IndependentPeripherals Overcoming cost,power and sizelimitations with PIC32MM MCUs

As the first PIC32 microcontrollers to offer core independent peripherals,the PIC32MM family delivers cost-effective, low-power embedded controlfor IoT, consumer,industrial and sensorless BLDC applications.

Thecoreindependentperipherals,such as configurable logic cells (CLC)and multiple-output capturecomparePWMs (MCCPs), off-load tasks from the CPU to deliver lowerpower consumption and lowerdesigncomplexity. Further powersavings,from lowpowersleep modes,are combined with small,4x4mm package options to supportlonger batterylifeeveninspace-constrained applications. www.microchip.com/PIC32MM Recom_SmartBuilding_EN.pdf;S: 1;Format:(72.00 x 297.00 mm);05. Oct 2016 15:13:48

Special|Automotive

Energy-saving Mini Power source: Continental

offers ESD protection up to 12kV and has This does, however, require a „super ECU“. Supplies been qualified for automotive applications Taking all the required sensors into account, in line with AEC-Q. It can be applied with a tier 1 supplier Continental AG believes for Smart Homes and maximum voltage of 20V which is converted roughly 1 Gb of data will be generated each internally into a 3V supply via a voltage re- minute. The data must be processed in real Smart Offices gulator. time for safety-relevant systems. At the moment, there is no computing unit that can Low profile AC/DC module fits into standard recessed wall box Current challenges achieve this safely. Low standby power consumption Ensuring safety and security is another chal- ErP directive A number of challenges still have to be over- lenge. As both functional safety and data come in order to realize more advanced ADAS security must be guaranteed. The problem of 2-3W Mini Power Supply with and finally autonomous driving. One arises data security must be solved at the latest either pins or wires for versatile from the trend away from local toward central when a car-to-x communication system is installation options processing of sensor data. This has the advan- implemented in a vehicle. Since security gaps YEARS tage that data from all the sensors of the offer hackers the opportunity to log into Wide input voltage range various subsystems are available to the pro- the car in order to read out data, to stop the (85 - 305VAC) w 3 cessing ECU and that the relevant data can be car via remote control or to take control of arrant y Full household and industrial used for a variety of functions. The sensor the car. safety certifi ccaattionsions IEC/EN60335 modules then perform purely sensory and da- CE (LVD+EMC+RoHS2), ta transmission functions without any proces- Component manufacturers, distributors as IEC/EN/UL60950 sing and decision-making functions, thus well as suppliers and vehicle manufacturers eliminating data losses due to pre-processing are working hand in hand to solve these is- Fully protected outputs (short circuit, or compression in the sensor module. As a sues so that nothing prevents you from rea- overload and overheating) result, the sensor modules can become smal- ding messages, chatting or working while out ler, more cost effective, and energy saving. and about in your car. ■

Worldwide Customer Support With their country and cross-site instal- ously. In this context specific automo- lation Rutronik’s Automotive Business tive components of the latest generation Unit together with the Product Marke- from specially selected manufacturers ting Department Sensor Technologies are offered. supports customers worldwide continu- WE POWER YOUR PRODUCTS www.recom-power.com

www.rutronik.com Powered by 81 Special|Automotive

The 48V Electrical System A Higher Voltage Level The 12V electrical architecture is being pushed to its limits by the increasing demand for power in modern-day cars. As a result, 48V may prove to be the standard system of the future. This not only opens up opportunities for new innovations, but also creates the platform for meeting ever stricter CO2 targets.

Author: Uwe Rahn, Head of Rutronik ABU

ew limit values for CO2 emissions of the growing number of consumers inside using a converter. This must correspond to a arising from the use of road vehic- the vehicle. A 48V supply enables smaller 12V/48V bidirectional converter with a con- les are on the horizon worldwide (see cable cross sections, which helps to cut the tinuous power output of up to 4kW and which Nbox). However, it is impossible to achieve amount of heat generated and potential los- shows at least 96% efficiency. Passive air these targets without technical innovations ses. Furthermore, performance increases four- cooling ensures maximum efficiency. in the field of vehicle electrification – this fold at the same level of current flow. This reality was definitely driven home by the re- demands the use of additional assemblies, In addition, the new core component is a 48V cent emissions scandal. This solution is high- such as a DC-DC converter, which transforms battery. The development of new technologies performance hybrid drives. They must be im- the voltage, and a second battery. in this area has also been increasing at a rapid plemented by 2021, otherwise carmakers face rate, for example with lithium-sulfur or lithi- steep penalties for failing to comply. Complete conversion from the current 12V um-air battery designs. Their initial aim is to setup to a future full 48V system is not cur- improve the charging capacity and energy The 48V rently possible. This would involve having to density. Despite pricing pressure, the batteries partial electrical system change all the electronic systems and actua- are expected to offer a long service life and tors, such as the airbag or engine controllers. be very robust, e.g. to survive a crash. In order to continue using the components The basic requirement for implementing hy- with low power consumption, many suppliers Mild hybrid systems brid drives is a 48V electrical system. The 12V are retaining the 12V electrical system for the generator can no longer satisfy the demands time being. Both networks will be coupled According to the VDA, around four million cars will be equipped with a 48V partial electrical system by 2020; the figure is expected Roll stabilizer (source: Schäffler) to increase to about ten million in 2026 – thus accounting for roughly every tenth vehicle worldwide. The majority of them are mild hybrid models. In contrast to full hybrid models, they are designed without a charging function, and the electric motor cannot propel the car on its own. Besides providing start assistance, the starter generator acts as a brake energy recuperator that charges the battery with 10kW, thus reducing CO2 emissions. It additionally enables active engine-off coasting (also called sailing)

82 Powered by www.rutronik.com Yageo_Rutroniker_nochmalneu.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 297.00 mm);23. Sep 2016 11:55:05 Special|Automotive

grate the front windshield heater as well as auxiliary equipment such as the water, From partial system oil, and fuel pumps, the steering assist, to full 48V electrical system the HVAC control (engine control), and the PTC heater into the 48V partial electrical Over the next fifteen years there will be a system. The latter is particularly im- gradual conversion to a higher volt system; portant for hybrid vehicles, as the vehicles with a full 48V electrical system are electric motor does not generate expected to appear around 2030. If the par- waste heat that could be used for tial system were to remain in place, cable the heater of the engine and the cross sections would have to increase four- vehicle interior. The electric dyna- fold in size in order to satisfy the demands of mic stability control, which will be the new consumers for greater power. In view ready for marketing by the end of of the significant increase in required space 2016, is also predestined for 48V ap- and weight (approx. 10 kg) – and thus also plication. The most decisive factor is, how- CO2 emissions – this would be completely ever, the electric charger. It en-ables, for unacceptable. The cost factor is another im- example, an engine to downsize from six to portant element: If an e-compressor were to four cylinders and thus plays a major role in be connected to the 12V system, an output reducing carbon dioxide. Next year will see of roughly 3kW would result in currents of the emergence of passenger cars fitted with over 250A. This is not feasible with standard Continental 48V electrical motor two exhaust-gas turbochargers and up to components. However, with a 48V system two electric compressors. e-compressors with an output of approx. 4kW can be used. Thanks to the rapid further by applying recuperated energy and allowing New requirements development of semiconductor components, the vehicle to run without emissions. This re- it will be possible in future to gradually equip duces CO2 emissions by up to 12%, depending the majority of consumers with 48V techno- on the measurement guideline and driving The higher voltages in the 48V system de- logy: style. At the same time, coasting enhances mand a completely new architecture in the driving enjoyment by reducing noise and vi- vehicle in line with inspection regulations. Short-term -> high-performance consumers bration inside the car considerably. The recu- Peak voltages must be limited to 60V, and of the new 48V functions: perated energy can also be used for the CO2 overvoltage and undervoltage protection is • Front windshield ( 1.5 KW ) neutral e-boost function, i.e. to provide addi- necessary to prevent negative impacts on • PTC ( 1.2 KW ) tional temporary acceleration from the elec- other consumers in the network. Cables with • E-compressor / Charger ( 3.5KW ) tric motor when overtaking. Even further new insulation techniques must be installed consumption reductions will be achieved, for to counteract the resulting clearances and Mid-term -> conversion of the 12/24V con- example, when developing highly automated creepage distances. Very specific connector sumers with increased power requirements: and fully automated driving solutions. configurations are also required for connec- • E-steering ( 1 KW ) ting the higher voltages. In such situations, it • Dynamic stability control ( 3 KW ) To reduce the burden on the 12V electrical is important not to lose sight of the overall • Engine fan ( 1.5 KW ) system, it would be wise to initially inte- system. • Light ( exterior )

Graphic: Delphi

84 Powered by www.rutronik.com Special|Automotive

company Johnson Electric is one of the world‘s leading suppliers of stepper motors in head- Limit Values for CO2 Emissions lights and motors for cooling fans and air conditioning systems. However, the largest for the Fleets of Car Manufacturers market for electric vehicles is currently in Europe (NEDC) Japan (JC08): France. The introduction of an additional vol- • 2015: 130g/km • 2015: 146g/km tage level in passenger cars offers promis-ing • 2021: 95g/km (diesel: 3.6l/100km, • 2020: 117g/km (forecast) advantages in comparison to high-volt hybrid gasoline: 4.1l/100km) vehicles: On the one hand there is the • 2025: 75g/km (forecast) chance to achieve attractive reductions in • Penalty for not complying after 2019: €95 per g/km CO2 emissions at justifiable costs. And on the China (NEDC): other hand it is possible to implement func- USA (Greenhouse Gas) • 2016: 164g/km tions that are not technically feasible with • 2016: 156g/km (under discussion) the current 12V set-up. These include electric • 2025: 102g/km • 2020: 119g/km turbochargers, air-conditioning compressors, • Penalty for not complying: Registration prohibited (under discussion) and various pumps that operate irrespective of the engine speed. This means loads can be controlled efficiently or switched on and off Long-term -> conversion of all 12V applica- rers can reduce the fuel consumption of their according to the respective vehicle status. tions to the new voltage level, incl. backlit fleets by up to 25%, according to the fore- Drivers will experience this through a notice- heater. These electrical consumers can be casts of a tier 1 supplier company. able increase in the driving power. switched on and offer free from wear to ensure they only consume energy when it is Tier 1 and tier 2 suppliers will therefore be the In terms of integration in the power train, the actually required. If a demand-led control main developers of numerous new technolo- 48V voltage level is easier to implement than strategy is incorporated, CO2 emissions will gies and systems. German manufacturers, in for high-volt hybrids, as existing power train be reduced by roughly 10%. particular, have been leading the way, for in- concepts can basically be retained. Shorter stance Bosch with various types of engine, development periods can therefore be expec- Development of the high-volt on-board Brose as a global market leader for motor ted. As part of the implementation process, po-wer supply continues to take shape; the applications for power window regulators or carmakers and suppliers are currently focu- introduction of voltages over 800V will occur motors for seat adjustment systems, or ebm- sing on component and system development in the foreseeable future for rapid charger papst as a specialist for fan motors. Asian as well as system integration and validation. systems. They would be able to consume suf- manufacturers additionally offer a wide array ficient energy in 30 minutes to travel rough- of innovations: The latest developments from Optimization of the overall system is a crucial ly 400km just using electric power. motor manufacturer Nidec include electric factor in this regard. It demands close coope- steering motors or applications for cooling ration and interaction between all the involved As a result of the 48V electrical system, hy- fans up to 750W. Denso offers a wide range suppliers and partners. Suppliers are driving brid technology and various other measures, of efficient technologies, systems, and com- development forward with partners such as e.g. lightweight construction, car manufactu- ponents for the automotive industry. The US the Rutronik Automotive Business Unit. ■

Relays and Sensors for Every Need

Visit us at Electronica 2016 th - 11th November 8 Mess Munich

DC Power Relays HVC Human Sensors

www.rutronik.com Last Minute|New Products compact

Ultracapactitors Thanks to Advantech’s service support, ARM users easily get familiar with Advantech ARM with Higher platforms and learn to operate and design applications. A built-in OS image in Linux allows Durability users to start their evaluation immediately The XP series of ultracapacitors from Nesscap after they open the box. Other OS such as Energy is engineered specifically for applica- Android, Yocto Linux and Ubuntu are also tions that require extra protection from high avail-able for different applications, each care- degrees of ambient humidity, which causes the fully verified for online download. The source escape of electrolyte vapor and can negatively codes of the supported OS are open and avail- affect PCB surfaces. Under biased humidity able for users to help develop application code voltage range of 6.3-50VDC, a capacitance tolerance of ±20% (120Hz/+20°C), and a leakage current of ≤0.01CV after two minutes. The parts are fully RoHS and AEC-Q200 compliant. Therefore, the V-FT series is ideally suited for low ESR applications, e.g. ADAS, Body Control Module and LED lighting. Contact Rutronik: Simon Wachsmann, Product Sales Manager Electrolytic Capacitor/Polymer Capacitor, Phone: +49 7231 801 1449, [email protected] test conditions, XP products mitigate this im- easier. Tools for application development in- pact at least three times longer than equiva- clude Qt, a cross-platform tool for device crea- lent standard cells. The XP series is offered in tion, UI and application development, and Ad- a range of capacitances, from 3F to 50F, and vantech WISE-PaSS/RMM APIs for device Chip Capacitors have been extensively tested to ensure strict access, control and monitoring. All add-on performance standards and compliance with software offerings are totally verified and for Automotive RoHS, UL, and REACH. 100% free of charge. Applications Contact Rutronik: Denis Bittigkoffer, Senior Marketing Contact Rutronik: Tobias Zilly, Manager Film, Tantalum, Electrolytic & Electric Double-Layer Product Sales Manager Embedded Boards & Systems, Capacitors, Phone: +49 7231 801 1418, Phone: +49 7231 801 1774, [email protected] [email protected]

ARM-based High Endurance Starter Kit for Fast Aluminium Electro- and Easy Process lytic Capacitors The robust TCQ series of automotive conduc- The new ARM-based Starter Kits powered by Panasonic’s new V-FT series of aluminium tive polymer chip capacitors from AVX is AEC- NXP and TI processors from Advantech pro- electrolytic capacitors benefits from a long life Q200 qualified. Thus, the series meets the chal- vide a shortcut for ARM platform evaluation time of up to 5,000 hours (2.5 times more than lenging 125°C life time stability test and and development. They include key elements former FT series devices) at temperatures of up humidity bias testing at 85°C and 85% relative of a development environment including main to +105°C. Furthermore, the components have humidity for up to 1,000 hours. It has a wide boards with CPU cables, adapter cards, LCD a high capacitance of 2200µF and ESR values operating temperature range from -55°C to panel and power adapter. The starter kits take that are up to 60% lower than of usual pro- +125°C and may be operated up to 90% of the only ten minutes to setup and are designed for ducts while downsizing by one can size (from rated voltage. The series is lead-free and RoHS performance evaluation and validation, fast G to F size). They feature an operating tem- compliant and available in three case sizes: hardware design and application development. perature range of -55°C up to +105°C, a rated 1210 (EIA Metric 3528-21), 2917 (EIA Metric

86 Powered by www.rutronik.com Last Minute|New Products

7343-31) and 2917 (EIA Metric 7343-20). The Graphics Library and example software enable of up to 89% and feature a wide Tx operating series’ full voltage range spans 4V to 35V, and fast GUI design. The add-ons include wireless temperature range of -40°C to +85°C (-HC capacitance values span 4.7µF to 22µF with a networks (WiFi and Bluetooth, 2.4GHz and versions with pre-mounted heatsink) that is ±20% capacitance tolerance. Thus, the TCQ 915MHz), external sensors via A/D, SPI and I2C, achieved by natural convection. Especially de- series is ideal for demanding automotive ap- full speed USB and UART, SPI, I2C, parallel, as signed for railway applications, they are also plications. well as capacitive touch and proximity sensing. ideal for industrial and telecommunication ap- Contact Rutronik: Kai-Philipp Jonas, Contact Rutronik: Nikolai Schnarz, plications. The modules are EN50155 certified Product Sales Manager Tantalum Capacitors / Product Sales Manager OLED, LCD, Professional Monitors, with EN50121-1-3-2, EN61373 and UL/cUL- Polymer Capacitors, Phone: +49 7231 801 1402, Applications, Phone: +49 7231 801 1427, 60950-1 approvals. [email protected] [email protected] Contact Rutronik: Andreas Glaser Product Area Manager Power Semiconductors Phone: +49 7231 801 1534, [email protected] Displays Railway-Certified with Short 20W DC/DC Time-to-Market Converters Smallest Automotive-Grade LDO Regulators ROHM presents two new LDO regulator families: the BUxxJA2MNVX-C series is the world’s smallest automotive-grade LDO regulator whereas the BD7xxLx series provides un- matched 6µA quiescent current features. The BD7xxLx series is optimized for all applications that are connected to the battery and require The NUCLEUS development platform shortens RECOM’s RP20-FR series of isolated 20W DC/ an extreme low quiescent current. Thanks to time-to-market and reduces development DC converters features a wide 4:1 input vol- its wide input voltage range of up to 50V max. costs. It includes a color TFT LCD in sizes be- tage range (9-36V, 18-75V, 43-160V). There- voltage and its wide temperature range span- tween 2.4“ and 4.3“, a Microchip PIC24 or PIC32 fore, the compact 2“x1“ modules cover all ning -40°C to +125°C, this family is a perfect microcontroller, an external flash with 2MB standard battery-board levels including the solution for automotive body, powertrain and external SRAM with 512KB as well as 5V ±40% tolerance margin. Besides 3.3V, 5V, 12V and infotainment systems. The BD7xxLx line- USB Power & Data and a Microchip ICSP port. and 15V single outputs, dual ±12V and ±15V up is composed by eight part numbers, Initialization and sample code are provided for outputs are also available. The control pin with optional output voltage from 3.3V and TFT driver ICs. In addition, reference designs logic can be chosen to be positive or negative. 5V, output current capability from 200mA and schematics are available. The Microchip The new DC/DC converters have an efficiency up to 500mA and three standard package

Lorenzoni_DE.pdf;S: 1;Format:(195.00 x 86.00 mm);13. Sep 2016 15:39:03 Advertisement

Kommunikation die sich rechnet Communication thatpaysoff

Kundennähe garantiert individuelle Customer focusguarantees und effizientePR-Maßnahmen customised and efficient PR measures

Technisches Verständnis für Technical know-howfor texts precisely oni.de passgenaue Texte adaptedtokey targetmedia

Maximale Ergebnisse mit Maximum results with minimal bureaucracy enz minimalerBürokratie .lor InhabergeführteFull-Service PR-Agentur für Elektronik/Embedded, Green Energy,ITK und Lifestyle Owner-operated full-servicePRagency forelectronics and embedded technology,green energy,ITC and lifestyle

Agentur Lorenzoni GmbH Tel+49 8122 55 91 70 [email protected] www

www.rutronik.com Powered by 87 e-compact|Last Minute

circuit design, they achieve class-leading low Capacitors current consumption. At a 3V voltage supply, the ICs achieve peak current consumption of with Higher 3.6mA, in transmitting mode and 3.3mA in re- Ripple Current ceiver mode. In deep sleep mode, this is reduced to 100nA. Both the TC35678FXG and TC35678FSg incorporate 256KB of built-in Flash ROM to store user programs and data in stand-alone operations without a need for external host MCU. Dedicated memory capacity types (TO-252-3, SOT223-4F and HSOP-J8). for user programs is 100KB in both ICs. This Its optimized design ensures stable output built-in Flash ROM eliminates any need for ex- voltage without fluctuations with an external ternal EEPROM and helps reduce both costs capacitance of only 1-10µF, which eliminates and mounting-area. The TC35678FXG is a the need for larger external capacitors. The repackaged version of the TC356 78FSG, in a new AEC-Q100 qualified BUxxJA2MNVX-C QFN60 package that extends the number of series provides automotive-grade reliability in To meet the market demands for higher ripple general purpose IO from 16 to 32. The an ultra-compact 1mm2 package. current handling, Panasonic has released two TC35679FSG has no built-in Flash ROM and Contact Rutronik: new series of aluminium electrolytic capaci- can consequently achieve even lower current Axel Stangl, Product Sales Manager tors: The V-TC and V-TCU series benefit from operation. It achieves long operating times for Phone: +49 7231 801 1283, [email protected] 1.2 to 1.5 times higher ripple current capabi- applications powered by small coin batteries. lities at 125°C. The V-TC series 300mA for D8 The ICs are ideal for use in Bluetooth Smart can size and up to 750mA for G can size, devices, such as wearable technology, medical whereas the V-TCU series 400mA for F can size equipment, smartphones or remote controls. Fast and Secure up to 750mA for G can size. Additionally, V- Contact Rutronik: TCU parts also offer 1.2 to 2.2 times larger ca- Anja Schaal, Product Sales Manager, BLE Applications pacitance values from 220µF up to 680µF Phone: +49 7231 801 1471, [email protected] while downsizing by one can size (G to F size or F to D8 size). The can-shaped surface- mount capacitors feature a footprint from 6.3x7.7mm up to 10x10.2mm and a life time TVS-Diodes of 2,000 hours for smaller can sizes and 3,000 hours for larger can sizes. Both series are ideal with 400W for applications such as ECU in DC/DC filtering and output ripple smoothing. Surge Capability Contact Rutronik: Simon Wachsmann, Product Sales Manager Electrolytic Capacitor/Polymer The powerful high-end Bluetooth v4.2 quali- Capacitor, Phone: +49 7231 801 1449, [email protected] fied single-mode „BlueMod+S42“ module from Telit is based on the nRF52 Nordic chip and suitable for a variety of IoT applications: from simple cable replacement applications to com- Bluetooth Smart plex mesh solutions. With Bluetooth v4.2, the Bluetooth SIG has specified important features ICs with Low Cur- that make Bluetooth low energy applications faster and more secure. Thanks to Telit’s rent Performance Vishay’s new VTVSxxASMF series of surface- “BlueMod+S42”, latest BLE technology can be mount transient voltage suppressor (TVS) pro- easily and quickly integrated into a customer’s tection diodes are the industry’s first to fea- system. It supports Central as well as Periphe- ture a 2% breakdown voltage tolerance. The ral applications. As Central a GATT server with series consists of 23 devices with working vol- up to three connections is available. At the tages from 5V to 63V in a SMF package with same time, a Peripheral terminal I/O connec- low 1mm profile. The TVS diodes have a high tion can connect to a smartphone or tablet. surge capability of 400W at 10/1000µs as well The module is extremely small (17x10x2.6mm) as a peak pulse current from 2.9A to 20.3A. and controlled by a simple AT command inter- Their excellent reverse clamping voltage ran- face. It is CE, FCC, IC and KCC certified. Apps ges from 14.8V to 103.5V, their operating tem- and demo source code are available for Andro- The three new ICs TC35678FSG, TC35678FXG perature from -55°C to +150°C. They support id and iOS. An evaluation kit can be ordered. and TS35679FSG from Toshiba support Blue- high-temperature soldering up to 260°C/10s Contact Rutronik: tooth Low Energy (BLE) version 4.1 commu- at their terminals and have an ESD capability Daniel Barth, Senior Marketing Manager Wireless, nications. Thanks to the adoption of a highly of ±30kV (air and contact discharge) that is in Phone: +49 7231 801 1491, [email protected] efficient DC-DC converter and a low-power accordance with IEC61000-4-2. The TVS diodes

88 Powered by www.rutronik.com e-compact|Last Minute

feature low-noise technology and offer very on-resistances from 0.52Ω at 10V and ultra- power rating from 3W up to 10W. Thanks to fast response times as well as low incremental low gate charge from 17nC, reducing conduc- these characteristics, the PU series is an ideal surge resistance. They are ideal for line tran- tion and switching losses. Therefore, the MOS- solution for high stability requirement in tele- sient voltage protection in space-constrained FETs are ideal for lighting, industrial, telecom, communication and alternative energy. electronics, such as laptops, notebooks, tablets, and consumer applications. They withstand Contact Rutronik: smartphones, and external hard drives. high energy pulses in the avalanche and com- Jasmin Asi, Product Sales Manager Resistors, Phone: +49 7231 801 1516, [email protected] Contact Rutronik: mutation modes and are fully RoHS compliant Bichvan Tan, Product Sales Manager, with Halogen free green mold compound. Phone: +49 7231 801 4541, [email protected] Contact Rutronik: Manuel Gauß, Linemanager, Phone: +49 7231 801 1284, [email protected] Big Compute Space-Saving in a Tiny Package MOSFETs with Low Ohmic The new Intel® Joule™ module features high- end compute and graphics and a large memory High Reliability Shunt Resistors in a tiny, low-power package, making it an ideal platform for innovative IoT edge compute applications as well as products requiring advanced computer vision like robotics drones, industrial machine vision as well as IoT and demanding edge computing. The platform is supported by a vast software and hardware ecosystem, enabling developers to choose from multiple operating systems and take advantage of off-the-shelf libraries and peripherals to further accelerate development. Two types With three new n-channel devices in the com- Yageo’s new PU series of metal current sen- of the module are available: Joule 550x mo- pact PowerPAK SO-8L-package, Vishay has ex- sors is developed for automotive and power dule with 1.5GHz Quad-Core features Intel® tended its offering of 600V and 650V E Series system applications. Adopting the welding me- Atom™ CPU, 3 or 4GB memory and Intel® HD power MOSFETs. With a size of 5x6mm, the tal plate method, the series is AEC-Q200 qua- Graphics. The Joule 570x module comes with Vishay Siliconix 600V SiHJ8N60E and 650V lified for automotive requirements. It has also 1.7GHz Quad-Core Intel® Atom™ CPU 8 or SiHJ6N65E and SiHJ7N65E occupy only half passed a series of MIL-STD-202 to withstand 16GB storage and Yocto-built Linux. It has the board space compared to MOSFETs in the above 1,000 times temperature cycling 802.11ac Wi-Fi with MIMO and Bluetooth 4.1, TO-252 (DPAK) package. Compared to MOS- (-55°C/+125°C), 1,000 hours high humidity USB 3.0, MPI CSI and DSI interfaces, and mul- FETs in leadless DFN packages, they increase (+85°C/85% RH) and still possess long endu- tiple GPIO, I2C and UART interfaces. reliability. Their reduced package inductance rance. The PU series shunt resistor features low Contact Rutronik: Marisa Kuhmann, increases performance at higher operating fre- resistance down to 0.2mΩ, a tolerance of ±1%, Product Sales Manager, Phone: +49 7231 801 4417, quencies. Vishay’s new MOSFETs offer very low and TCR as low as ±75ppm/°C, with a higher [email protected]

Keystone_EN.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 99.00 mm);13. Sep 2016 15:29:23 Advertisement

™ It’s what’s on the InsIde that counts ®

ELECTRONICS CORP.

interconnect components European Headquarters: www.keyelco.com • 33 (1) 46 36 82 49 • 33 (1) 46 36 81 57 & hardware

Rutroniker 1-3v ad_6-2016B.indd 1 6/10/16 9:54 AM Osram_EN.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 297.00 mm);13. Sep 2016 16:25:01

Service www.osram-os.com

Flag

Editorial: Janina Weber – Rutronik Public Relations (Chief Editor, responsable for the content), Ph. +49 (0)7231 801 1679 Ralph Kühn – Rutronik Journalist, Ph. +49 (0)7231 801 0 Frank Klemmer – Rutronik Head of Marketing & Communications, Ph. +49 (0)7231 801 0 Andreas Mangler – Rutronik Director Strategic Marketing & Communications, Ph. +49 (0)7231 801 0 Markus Krieg – Rutronik Managing Director Marketing, Ph. +49 (0)7231 801 0 Christine Schulze – Agentur Lorenzoni GmbH, Ph. +49 (0)8122 55917 14 Beate Lorenzoni – Agentur Lorenzoni GmbH, Ph. +49 (0)8122 55917 22 Antonia Markiewitz – Agentur Lorenzoni GmbH, Ph. +49 (0)8122 55917 16 Sabrina Linseisen – Agentur Lorenzoni GmbH, Ph. +49 (0)8122 55917 11

Advertising Manager: Lydia Werle – Rutronik Coordination Media, Ph. +49 (0)7231 801 0 Layout & Design: Dieter Grahnert, Markt&Technik; Alexander Zach, Markt&Technik

Print: L.N. Schaffrath Druck Medien, Marktweg 42 – 50, 47608 Geldern, Germany

Publisher: Rutronik Elektronische Bauelemente GmbH, Industriestr. 2, 75228 Ispringen, Ph. +49 (0)7231 8010, Fax +49 (0)7231 82282

Copyright: All articles published in „Rutroniker 2016, powered by Markt&Technik“ are copyrighted. We reserve all rights to all such texts, including translations. Any kind of duplication, whether photocopies, microfilm or recording in data processing systems is only permitted following written approval by the publisher and editor. An operated solution or used description should not be constructed as free from industrial proprietary rights on the basis of publication.

Liability: In the event that „Rutroniker 2016, powered by Markt&Technik“ contains inaccurate information or if published programmes or advertisements contain errors, the publisher, its employees or the editor shall only be liable in case of gross negligence.

Circulation: 37,000 copies

Special thanks to: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Olfa Kanoun, Technische Universität Chemnitz Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lutz Zacharias, Westsächsische Hochschule Zwickau Jan-Erik Kunze, IK Elektronik Christine Schulze – Agentur Lorenzoni Dieter Grahnert – Markt&Technik Christian Stadler – Markt&Technik

Index of Advertisers page page Alliance Memory...... 65 Omron...... 85 Amphenol FCI ...... 3 OSRAM...... 91 C&K Components...... 24 Panasonic...... 39 Coto Technology...... 23 Panjit Europe...... 47 Diodes...... 75 RECOM...... 81 F&S Elektronik Systeme...... 62 Renesas...... 35 Fujitsu...... 59 ROHM Semiconductor...... 7 Infineon...... 2 Rutronik Elektronische Bauelemente...... 34, 92 Intel...... 61 Samsung Electro-Mechanics...... 19 JAE...... 21 Schurter Electronic Components...... 13 Light is more Keystone...... 89 SEGGER...... 11 KOA Europe...... 9 STMicroelectronics...... 15 Lorenzoni...... 87 Swissbit ...... 51 Lifting General Lighting to a new level of variety Lumberg...... 5 Telit...... 41 Beneﬁt from the world's largest product range of innovative LED components for general lighting. Microchip...... 80 Toshiba...... 73 SMD, COB and CAS type, Low, Mid, High and Ultra High Power, white and colored LEDs, in various Micronas...... 29 Transcend...... 33 sizes and color rendering classes – choose exactly the components you need from our DURIS®, Molex...... 25 Vishay...... 27 OSLON® and SOLERIQ® product families. Murata...... 69 Vitrohm...... 77 Nesscap...... 37 Yageo...... 83 Nordic Semiconductor...... 63

Light is OSRAM

90 Powered by www.rutronik.com

S25615_Anzeige_SSL_Rutroniker_297x230_2RZ.indd 1 12.08.16 11:36 Osram_EN.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 297.00 mm);13. Sep 2016 16:25:01

Service www.osram-os.com

Light is more Lifting General Lighting to a new level of variety

Beneﬁt from the world's largest product range of innovative LED components for general lighting. SMD, COB and CAS type, Low, Mid, High and Ultra High Power, white and colored LEDs, in various sizes and color rendering classes – choose exactly the components you need from our DURIS®, OSLON® and SOLERIQ® product families.

Light is OSRAM

S25615_Anzeige_SSL_Rutroniker_297x230_2RZ.indd 1 12.08.16 11:36 Rutronik+Be_Rutroniker_U4.pdf;S: 1;Format:(230.00 x 297.00 mm);07. Oct 2016 11:28:55

Five Good Reasons

1.Personal support All clear.

2.Catalog 3.Procurement 4.Mass quotation 5.PCN All roads lead Everything Everything in just Everything from to us. at a glance. a few seconds. a single source. e-commerce made easy

Rutronik Elektronische Bauelemente GmbH Industriestrasse 2 | D-75228 Ispringen Small Volume Storage Phone: +49 (0) 72 31 801-0 | Fax: +49 (0) 72 31 822-82 Email: [email protected] | www.rutronik.com avaIlablE soon

Rutronik+Be_Rutroniker.indd 1 07.10.16 11:27