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Ideology and Cultural Landscape in Nothern Ireland Deborah J Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2004 "Walking the Queen's highway": ideology and cultural landscape in Nothern Ireland Deborah J. Miller Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Miller, Deborah J., ""Walking the Queen's highway": ideology and cultural landscape in Nothern Ireland" (2004). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1453. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1453 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. “WALKING THE QUEEN’S HIGHWAY”: IDEOLOGY AND CULTURAL LANDSCAPE IN NORTHERN IRELAND A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Deborah J. Miller B.A., University of Toledo, 1994 M.A., University of Toledo, 1996 May 2004 But thus shall ye deal with them; ye shall destroy their altars and break down their images and cut down their groves and burn their graven images with fire. Deuteronomy 7:5 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express gratitude to my advisors and graduate committee members, particularly Miles Richardson, who willingly took charge as my dissertation committee chair at the very last moment. I thankfully received funding for my travel and Ph.D. research from the West Grant at Louisiana State University. I could not have completed this project without the assistance, trust, patience, and kindness of several families and individuals from Northern Ireland, the names of whom have been changed in these chapters to protect their identities. They know who they are, and I hope they know how grateful I am for their help. Meg Streiff, Scott Hemmerling and Derek Thomas provided valuable assistance with editing, technical advice, mapping suggestions and emotional support. I would also like to thank John Stebbins for his photographic expertise, and his assistance with photo editing. My three daughters, Megan, Michelle, and Danielle deserve special thanks for all the patience they have shown me over the years. They willingly sacrificed the chance to have a “real mother”; They accepted a distracted, forgetful, and often out-of-the-country mother without (too much) complaint, and since the completion of this project they have informed me that they wouldn’t have had it any other way. Finally, I would like to give acknowledgement and thanks to Professor Carville V. Earle for the years of guidance and patience he has given me, page after page of editing he did for me, and for providing an example of outstanding scholarship. I sincerely regret that I did not finish this research project before Professor Earle’s death, as he so often told me I must do! Professor Earle worked diligently on this project with me without complaint or, I believe, regret, all while suffering from a terminal illness. I know that he would have enjoyed reading the finished project, and I wish that he had been able to see it come to fruition. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................v LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................ ix ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................1 11 July 1997, Coleraine, Northern Ireland.....................................................................1 Culture and Landscape Ideology...................................................................................6 Methodology................................................................................................................36 2 GEOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND.............................................40 Site and Situation.........................................................................................................40 Ireland’s Troubled History...........................................................................................42 Parades in Northern Ireland.........................................................................................50 3 PORTADOWN..................................................................................................................62 Site and Situation.........................................................................................................62 Orange Parade 1997.....................................................................................................63 Ethnographic Data.......................................................................................................66 4 COLERAINE.....................................................................................................................87 Site and Situation.........................................................................................................87 Orange Parade 1997.....................................................................................................87 Ethnographic Data.......................................................................................................94 5 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS...............................................................................119 Cultural Landscape....................................................................................................119 Photographic Data......................................................................................................124 Ethnographic Text......................................................................................................141 Portadown/Coleraine Comparison.............................................................................145 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................153 APPENDIX: CONTENTIOUS PARADES AND MARCHING SEASON ...............................162 VITA............................................................................................................................................168 iv LIST OF TABLES 1.1 Total Number of Parades in Northern Ireland, 1985-1995..................................................4 2.2 Social and Political Divisions in Northern Ireland ............................................................60 5.3 Typology of Northern Irish Cultural Landscapes ............................................................119 5.4 Composite of Main Images found on Parade Banners.....................................................122 5.5 Composite of Main Images found on Murals ..................................................................123 5.6 Comparison of Coleraine and Portadown, Northern Ireland ...........................................146 5.7 Deaths attributed to the Irish Conflict in or near Coleraine.............................................149 5.8 Deaths attributed to the Irish Conflict in or near Portadown...........................................149 v LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 Memorial commemorating World Wars I and II, Coleraine..............................................13 1.2 New Lodge memorial, Belfast ...........................................................................................14 1.3 1993 Mural containing portrait of person killed by plastic bullets in Derry’s Bogside ..............................................................................................................................16 1.4 Famine mural, nationalist Belfast, 1997 ............................................................................17 1.5 1916 Easter Rising mural, nationalist Belfast, 1997..........................................................18 1.6 Republican mural, Belfast, 1997........................................................................................19 1.7 Battle of the Boyne and Loyalist murals, Belfast, 1997 ....................................................20 1.8 Republican graffiti, Derry, 1993........................................................................................21 1.9 Nationalist housing, New Lodge, North Belfast, 1995......................................................23 1.10 New Lodge roadblock erected each evening by local boys, Belfast, 1995........................24 1.11 RUC at nationalist demonstration in Belfast City Centre, 1995........................................25 1.12 British soldier, Falls Road area, Belfast, 1993...................................................................26 1.13 Border checkpoint, 1993....................................................................................................27
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