INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN (IWMP)
FOR OKHAHLAMBA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY
June 2014 Version 001/14
Final Draft
Prepared For:
Okhahlamba Local Municipality Contact Person: Ms. Xolile Kheswa and Mr. N. Malinga Tel: 036 448 8030 Fax: 036 448 1986
Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 Email:[email protected]/[email protected]
Prepared By Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Contact Person/s: Ms. Gugu S. Sithole (Reg. Planner) Mr. Pravin A. Singh (Reg. Planner) Tel: 031 201 7510 Fax: 031 201 8939 Email: [email protected]/[email protected] www.pravinamar.com
Notes: 1. This report is prepared solely for the Okhahlamba Municipality. 2. The approach and methodology is the intellectual property of Authors in association with the Okhahlamba Municipality and should not be used or shared with any party/s, without the written consent of the relevant authorized persons.
Prepared By: Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 2 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 Executive Summary
The Okhahlamba Local Municipality (OLM) has identified the need to formulate the municipal Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) in accordance with the relevant environmental management legislation, namely the National Environmental Waste Management Waste Act (Act No.59 of 2008), the IWMP Guideline by the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) and the National Waste Management Strategy
The Okhahlamba Local Municipality currently does not have a fully compliant IWMP as required by law, which has a negative impact on waste management functions and waste management planning. The formulation of the IWMP is vital for any municipality as it assists in streamlining waste management activities with national legislation and provides facilitation in the manner in which waste management activities are carried out.
The IWMP is intended for use as a sector plan within municipalities, by informing them with regard to the planning and budgeting of waste management activities. The formulation of the IWMP will ensure that waste management planning is sustainable, can be implemented, acceptable, and incorporable and most importantly tailored to suit the needs of the people of Okhahlamba Local Municipality, both in rural and urban areas. The IWMP should provide greater integration in terms of the provision of waste management services as current services can be said to be inefficient and do not address the needs of all inhabitants.
The main steps undertaken in formulating the IWMP included:
Situational Analysis/Status Quo Gap Analysis and Needs Assessment Development objectives, targets and policies Development of programme, project and activities Communication and Stakeholder Participation Implementation and project activities Monitoring and evaluation of IWMP Final review of IWMP
Prepared By: Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 3 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 The Situational Analysis forms the platform for the formulation of the IWMP. It included collecting and evaluating existing waste management information, analysing and synthesising information in order to identify deficiencies in order to plan for the next 5 to 10 years in terms of waste management. It provides the context in which the IWMP falls as well as provides an understanding of the current situation of the waste management within the OLM. The Situational Analysis report will provide direction for the next subsequent phases.
Information on existing waste management services were evaluated against the waste hierarchy as outlined in the National Waste Management Strategy by DEA which led to the identification of gaps and needs in waste management within the local municipality. Identification of gaps and needs will then inform the desired end state of waste management of the local municipality and assist in addressing inefficiencies in current waste management practices.
Local knowledge and consultation of all the relevant stakeholders was taken into consideration. The Public was informed about the formulation of the IWMP through the Steering Committee which encompassed various interest groups i.e. members of the public, NGO’s etc to ensure the IWMP is acceptable to all.
The main problems identified in terms of the current waste management system within Okhahlamba Local Municipality are outlined below:
Lack of institutional capacity Inefficient systems Waste management services do not extend to all areas particularly rural areas Lack of planning This plan incorporates the assessment of the current situation within the municipality as it relates to waste management and practices. It also evaluates briefly the South African waste management issues. According to information that has been gathered during the analysis phase it is evident that the majority of waste that is currently generated within the municipality is “general waste”. It has also been established that there is a huge quantities of waste that can be recycled. However, due to the lack of infrastructure and necessary facility this is not undertaken. The majority of waste is taken to the neighbouring towns or municipalities where such facilities are available.
Prepared By: Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 4 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 Subsequent to the analysis, a set of goals and targets have been formulated to ensure that the municipality reach the desired end state pertaining to waste matters. These set of goals are aligned to particular projects to ensure guided service delivery.
The municipality has embarked on waste awareness campaigns. This is also funded through the Environmental Protection and Infrastructure Programmes (EPIPs) by the Department of Environmental Affairs. Through this program schools and general public are taught how to recycle, dispose-off waste, the types of waste and classification according to the legislation and waste minimisation.
Prepared By: Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 5 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 Document Control
Document Name: Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for Okhahlamba Local Municipality
Version No.: 002/2014
Version Date: June 2014
Author: Ms. Gugu Sithole
Reviewed By: Mr. Pravin Amar Singh
Issued By: Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP)
Issue Date: 26 June 2014
Hard Copy no: submitted 1
Electronic copy: submitted 1
Submitted To Okhahlamba Local Municipality - OLM
Contact Person/s Ms. Xolile Kheswa / Mr. N. Malinga
Prepared By: Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 6 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ...... 14 1.1. Details of Project ...... 14 1.2. Aims and Goals of an IWMP ...... 14 a) Aim ...... 14 b) General goals of the IWMP...... 15 1.3. Objectives ...... 15 1.4. Rationale ...... 15 c) Why Do an IWMP ...... 16 d) Benefits of an IWMP ...... 16 e) The Concept of Sustainable/Integrated Waste Management ...... 16 f) Factors influencing an item to be defined as waste ...... 17 g) Measuring the social factors of integrated waste management ...... 17 1.5. Purpose of the Report ...... 20 1.6. Integrated Waste Management Plan Process ...... 21 2. STRUCTURING OF THE DOCUMENT ...... 22 3. LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK REVIEW ...... 23 National Waste Management Strategy, 2010 ...... 27 National Domestic Waste Collection Standards, 2011 ...... 27 4. DEFINING THE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA ...... 30 5. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS...... 38 5.1. Demographics ...... 38 5.2. Population vs. No of households ...... 38 5.3. Settlement Types ...... 39 Prepared By: Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 7 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 5.4. Estimated population growth ...... 40 5.5. Socio Economic Analysis...... 41 5.6. Educational levels ...... 48 5.7. Income levels vs. Poverty Levels ...... 49 5.8. Gender Profiles vs. Age Groups ...... 50 5.9. Employment Levels ...... 51 6. WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: SOUTH AFRICAN CONTEXT ...... 52 6.1. Waste Management Hierarchy ...... 52 6.2. Waste Classification ...... 53 6.3. GENERAL WASTE TYPES FOR REPORTING TO SAWIS ...... 57 6.4. HAZARDOUS WASTE TYPES FOR REPORTING TO SAWIS ...... 59 6.5. Status of National Waste ...... 67 7. WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES WITHIN THE OKHAHLAMBA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY ...... 68 7.1. Roles and Responsibilities...... 68 7.2. Organisational Capacity and Structure (Organogram)...... 68 7.3. Waste Generation Areas ...... 70 7.4. Current Waste Stream and Quantities ...... 71 7.5. Existing Waste Facilities and Disposal ...... 76 7.6. Waste Disposal Tariff...... 77 7.7. Waste Generation per capita ...... 78 7.8. Waste Collection Services ...... 78 7.9. Existing waste minimisation initiatives ...... 80 7.10. Illegal Dumping Complaints and Records ...... 80 7.11. Waste Management Budgeting ...... 80
Prepared By: Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 8 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 7.12. Existing Waste Management Systems SWOT Analysis ...... 81 8. GAPS AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT ...... 82 9. DESIRED END STATE ...... 89 9.1. Set Goals, Targets and Indicators ...... 89 9.2. SUMMARY OF STRATEGIC GOALS FOR INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT ...... 91 10. ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 92 10.1. Ranking Criteria of Preferred Alternatives ...... 96 10.2. Comparative Assessment of Preferred Alternatives ...... 98 11. MECHANISMS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IWMP ...... 100 11.1. Partnerships ...... 100 11.2. Financial Instruments ...... 101 11.3. Legislative Instruments ...... 101 12. IWM IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ...... 102 12.1. Proposed Five (5) Year Implementation Plan – 2014 -19 ...... 102 12.2. Integrated Waste Management (IWM) Projects - current and proposed for the year 2014-19 ...... 106 13. COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT AND STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION ...... 108 13.1. Consultation and Communication Process ...... 109 14. IWMP REVIEW AND MONITORING ...... 110 15. IWMP APPROVAL ...... 113 16. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 113 17. REFERENCE ...... 114 LIST OF DEFINITIONS ...... 116
Prepared By: Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 9 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Regional Context Map Appendix 2: uThukela District Area Map Appendix 3: uThukela Transportation Map Appendix 4: uThukela /Okhahlamba Facilities Map Appendix 5: Okhahlamba Wards Map Appendix 6: Okhahlamba Population Map Appendix 7: Okhahlamba Base Map Appendix 8: Okhahlamba Transport Map Appendix 9: I&AP Register Appendix 10: Record of Minutes for the Steering Committee Meeting Appendix 11: Tools for Implementation LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Geographic Area Analysis ...... 31 Table 2: Okhahlamba Population ...... 38 Table 3: Household Statistics ...... 39 Table 4: Population figures at Ward level ...... 40 Table 5: National Environmental Management Waste Act (2008) Regulations Schedule ...... 54 Table 6: General Waste Types for Reporting to SAWIS ...... 57 Table 7: Hazardous Waste Types for Reporting to SAWIS ...... 59 Table 8: Waste Disposal Requirement as per Minimum Requirements for Handling, Classification and Disposal of Hazardous Waste (2nd Edition, 1998) ...... 62 Table 9: Prohibitions and restrictions on disposal in terms of National Norms and Standards for Disposal of Waste to Landfill (Regulation No.636) ...... 65 Table 10: Percentage Municipal Waste Contribution by Province (SA, 2011) ...... 67 Table 11: Waste Generation Areas ...... 70 Table 12: Waste Quantities Generated per Settlement Type ...... 72 Table 13: Quantities Recyclable and Non-Recyclable Waste ...... 72 Table 14: Waste Generated in Schools ...... 73 Table 15: Waste Generated in Clinics ...... 74 Table 16: Waste Classification and Quantities ...... 75 Table 17: Okhahlamba Waste Tariffs ...... 77 Table 18: Waste Generation per capita ...... 78 Prepared By: Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 10 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 Table 19: Summary of Waste Collection Services ...... 79 Table 20: Goals, Objectives, Indicators and Targets for the Integrated Waste Management Plan for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality 2014-2019 ...... 89 Table 21: Steering Committee Register ...... 108 Table 22: Proposed Project Review and Monitoring Plan ...... 111
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Integrated Waste Management Process ...... 21 Figure 2: Estimated Population Growth: uThukela District Municipality ...... 41 Figure 3: Waste Management Hierarchy ...... 53 Figure 4: Municipal Waste Division Organogram ...... 69 Figure 5: Gaps and Needs Assessment Process ...... 82 Figure 6: Identification of Gaps and Needs process ...... 83
Prepared By: Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 11 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15
LIST OF ACRONYMS
AP Action Plan CBO Community-based Organisation CEC Committee for Environmental Co-ordination CBD Central Business District CMIP Consolidated Municipal Infrastructure Program DEA Department of Environmental Affairs DEAT Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism DFA Development FacilitationAct67of DAEARD Department of Agriculture, Environmental Affairs and Rural Development DME Department of Minerals and Energy DTI Department of Trade and Industries DWAF Department of Water Affairs and Forestry DWCP Domestic Waste Collection Pilot ECA Environmental Conservation Act, 1989 (Act No. 73 of 1989) EIP Environmental Implementation Plan EMI Environmental Management Inspector/Inspectorate EMF Environmental Management Framework EMP Environmental Management Plan
EPWP Expanded Public Works Programme G*B+ General waste landfill with significant leachate generation. Size(*) can G*B- General waste landfill with sporadic leachate generation. Size(*) can be Small, Medium and Large (GSB+, GMB+, GLB+) GGP Gross Geographic Product Small, Medium and Large (GSB-, GMB-, GLB-) I & APs Interested and Affected Parties
Prepared By: Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 12 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 IDP Integrated Development Plan IWMP Integrated Waste Management Plan LED Local Economic Development LM Local Municipality MEC Member of the Executive Council MFMA Local Government Municipal Finance Management Act (Act 56 of 2003) MIG Municipal Infrastructure Grant MIIU Municipal Infrastructure Investment Unit MRF Materials Recovery Facility MSA Local Government Municipal Systems Act (Act 32 of 2000)
MSP Municipal Services Project
NEMWA National Environment Management Waste Act NGO Non-governmental Organisation
NWMS National Waste Management Strategy
OLM Okhahlamba Local Municipality PPP Public -private partnership (one of the MSP’s) PSC Project Steering Committee
SABS SA Bureau of Standards
SANS SA National Standards SAP South African Police SDF Spatial Development Framework TPD Tons per Day WMO Waste Management Officer WIS Waste Information System
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Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15
1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
1.1. Details of Project The Okhahlamba Local Municipality (OLM) has commissioned the development of its municipal Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) in accordance with the relevant national legislative requirements.
Currently, the municipality does not have a fully compliant (approved) IWMP as required by law.
The project involves the development a detailed Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the municipality. In finalising of the IWMP, the plan will be incorporated as a sector plan into the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) in order to ensure that waste management services are streamlined with other essential basic services.
Integrated Waste Management Planning is a holistic approach to waste management and will result in the implementation of waste management practices that will benefit the municipality socially, environmentally and economically.
The Integrated Waste Management Planning process involves extensive community and stakeholder participation in order to facilitate decision making and build capacity.
The successful formulation and implementation of the IWMP will be dependent on the input provided by the relevant stakeholders and the public.
1.2. Aims and Goals of an IWMP a) Aim The aim of the development of an IWMP is to provide a well-structured and informative waste management plan in order to capitalize on efficiency and minimise the associated environmental impacts and financial cots, whilst improving the quality of life of citizens.
Prepared By: Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 14 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 b) General goals of the IWMP To ensure that waste management receives equitable share funding allocation and that municipalities should ensure that waste services are properly budgeted for, to ensure sustainability in the delivery of waste management services.
- To ensure that waste service in manner that is not harmful to human lives and the environment - To ensure an integrated and sustainable approach to the provision of waste services.
1.3. Objectives - To evaluate existing waste strategies and practices and analyze the current strengths and weaknesses of existing practices - Identify waste quantities, characteristics and waste generated - Estimate future waste generation rates - Analyse existing recycling and waste minimization practices with Okhahlamba Local Municipality - Identify current needs with regards to waste management and plans and programs must be formulated to address these - Evaluate existing waste management structures and make recommendations thereof - Assess legislative requirements and assess and align current practices with the relevant legislation - Evaluate financial instruments required for waste management within the local municipality
1.4. Rationale The 1999 National Waste Management Strategy (NWMS) called for the1st generation IWMP’s which were developed before the National Environmental Management Waste Act (NEMWA, Act No 59 of 2008) was enacted. There was no legal mandate to call for the 1st generation IWMP’s and this led to the failure to enforce their implementation. With the NEMWA being promulgated in 2009, the development of IWMP is now a legal requirement.
Chapter 3, Section 11 of the Waste Act requires all spheres of government to develop an Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP). Accordingly the development of IWMP’s is now mandatory as stipulated in NEMWA.
Prepared By: Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 15 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 It is further required that the municipalities integrate their IWMP’s into the Integrated Development Plans (IDP’s) in order to ensure that waste management services are streamlined with other essential basic services such as water, sanitation, housing and electricity provision. This is to ensure that waste management receives equitable share funding allocation and that municipalities should ensure that waste services are properly budgeted for, to ensure sustainability in the delivery of waste management services.
The municipalities are required to include the implementation of their IWMP’s in their annual performance reports
c) Why Do an IWMP An Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) is the blueprint of a comprehensive waste management program. A successful IWMP can effectively lower total operating costs, increase efficiency, reduce the use of open dumps, and improve protection of human health and the environment.
An IWMP is a practical document that provides the information and guidance needed to make critical waste management decisions. The plan also identifies alternatives for managing waste and the resources needed to implement a waste management program (www.epa.gov).
d) Benefits of an IWMP
Today, the economic value of waste is enormous. It has been managed to generate a lot of resources (clean and green power, revenues, employment and other forms of development) and its effective utilization has led to greener environment and less polluted environment. For an economic value of waste to be generated, the government, organizations and individual at a particular setting have to be educated on waste management. This is important in order to have sound knowledge about the economic importance of waste and to cooperate towards acquiring the profitable value.
e) The Concept of Sustainable/Integrated Waste Management Sustainability is the continuous improvement of a present state without compromising the future state and its betterment. As a result of the need for sustainability, there comes an emergence for effective waste management for a healthy living environment as well as turning waste to wealth for the benefit of the population. Waste and inadequate waste management is a significant challenge at a national, provincial and local level. Studies have shown that high rates of morbidity and mortality have been a result of inadequate or improper waste management practices.
Increasing population, domestic and industrial activities have led to increase in overall waste generation. Therefore, organizations, communities and individuals have to make an endeavour to manage these wastes in order to preserve and benefit from their habitat.
Prepared By: Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 16 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 The optimum priority of solid waste management systems is to ensure human health and safety. It must protect workers and the general public by preventing the spread of diseases. Additionally, some other objectives of sustainable system of solid waste management are to be environmentally effective, economically affordable and socially acceptable.
Environmentally effective: waste management systems must be able to protect and reduce the environment from improper disposal of waste that can cause hazards (emissions to land, air and water, such as CO 2 , CH 4 , SOx, NOx, BOD, COD and heavy metals).
Economically affordable: The general public should be able to afford the cost placed on waste operations by waste management system. This means that the cost of effective waste management system should consider the living standards of people in such community.
Socially acceptable: For waste a management system to operate effectively, public cooperation is important. Moreover, it should always try to provide vital information, educate, develop trust and gain support from the community. Provision of bins or containers for collection and sorting of waste is another means by which recycling can be effective communities.
f) Factors influencing an item to be defined as waste Time: If there is scarcity of an item in the society as a result of war, economic instability or an embargo has been placed on such products, then owner can spend more time or effort repairing an item since the alternative may be costly and hard to find.
Location: Rural communities may simply utilize food waste for animal feeding and also animal waste as manure which is feasibly rear in an urban centre. In other words, such material is regarded as a waste in the urban region.
State: the status of an item (Price, age, level of damage) can influence repair to avoid being discarded.
Income level: the level of human income can as well caution the way items are discarded either outdated or no longer in vogue.
Personal preferences: Certain types of items may be collector’s items or possess veneration for some individuals. (Opeyemi 2012)
g) Measuring the social factors of integrated waste management It is increasingly realized that social sustainability, the third dimension of sustainable development, is imperative for a more successful strive towards sustainability. Likewise are the social factors important in the advancement of integrated Waste Management.
Prepared By: Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 17 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 Six Indicators were established and exemplified through assessment and evaluation in the different waste management programmes. The six indicators developed in this study have been designed to measure certain social elements in waste management recognised as crucial and determinants for the integration of the three aspects of sustainability 1. Social Acceptability 2. Communication and societal responsibility 3. Social Equity 4. Social Function 5. Management of Health, Safety and Risk 6. Public Policy and Level of Incentive
Element Indicator Issues Reason Social Acceptability Population Number of people participating (in relation to Social acceptability of waste management systems are Participation, diversion rate) essential for high participation rates Public No. of complaints No. of queries Perception, Public perception of the organisation Public view of the limitation of the system No. of public meetings and discussion level
Communication and Communication Education - Communication budget compared to total Communication-acceptability-participation societal responsibility Social Responsibility also on municipal level - Information in other languages - Social Equity Payment - Waste management budget compared to Is the payment system fair? Fairness to access the municipal areas (health, employment, Who should pay? education, roads &traffic Should everyone pay the same rates? - Who pays, what is the service offered- Viable vs flat rates what is the payment demand and is it fair - Viable rates - Discounts for smaller bins-are there incentives? Prepared By: Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 18 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 Element Indicator Issues Reason - Low income support - Rural Vs Urban Differences - Existing surveys on perceived fairness? - Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Social Function Employment and Training - Employment per ton waste managed What other roles does the waste management play in Agenda 21 - Training and Education society? - Hiring unemployed, ex-offenders and What positive contributions does it make with regard to adults with learning difficulties social aspects - Market driven factors (Competition -Agenda 21 incorporated and waste treatment specialisation) - Agenda 21 Management of Health, Rating issue importance of - How do we manage the health and The risk, health, safety and NIMBY debate Safety and Risk policy and training safety issues(dealing with population attitudes) - NIMBY(not in my back yard) - Current local debate and discussion - No. of meetings and documents Public Policy and Level Agenda priority Public - Scale of priority on municipal policy Importance of waste management policy. How does of Incentive meetings waste minimisation level waste management approach lead to waste reduction - Reporting results to Authorities, why and how (for ex. environmental effects.) - Level of incentive given for waste reduction
Prepared By: Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 19 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 1.5. Purpose of the Report The primary aim of this report is to analyse and to report on all aspects pertaining to the current management of waste within the Okhahlamba Local Municipality. This includes analysing the current waste management systems and demand for waste services, as well as projecting the municipality’s future waste needs.
The Status Quo provides an indication of the planning context in which the IWMP will be formulated as well as the legislative framework that guides and governs the formulation of IWMP’s.
This report sets the basis for all subsequent phases for the formulation of the IWMP for Okhahlamba Local Municipality and it will provide an overall analysis of the local municipality, waste management practices and will result in the identification of gaps and needs which will inform decision making for effective and efficient waste management within the Okhahlamba Local Municipality in the future.The main objective of the Status Quo is to provide a consolidated overview of the municipality in terms of a number of criteria and a detailed outline on the spatial analysis, waste management and socio economic status of the municipality.
Furthermore, the Status Quo ensures that appropriate community and stakeholder participation takes place which includes the regular steering committee meeting which will be held throughout the projects life cycle to ensure inclusive decision making.
The situational analysis of the local municipality includes evaluating areas serviced and un-serviced areas in terms of the following:
Demographic and development profiles Current waste management services Current and future waste generation patterns Waste collection services Assessment of waste quantities and types Gaps and needs assessment Policy and legislative review Financing of waste management for the local municipality
Prepared By: Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 20 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 1.6. Integrated Waste Management Plan Process
A phased approach was utilized for the formulation of the Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for Okhahlamba Local Municipality. The IWMP was formulated largely, in accordance with the “Guidelines for the Development of Integrated Waste Management Plans “by the Department of Environmental Affairs and the Waste Act (Act No 59 of 2008).
The IWMP process incorporates the following processes:
Phase 1: Project Inception and Planning
Phase 2: Geographic Area Analysis: GIS Mapping
Phase 3: Situational Analysis PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDER Phase 4: Desired End State CONSULTATION
Phase 5: Identify, Evaluate and Select Alternatives
Phase 6: Communication and Stakeholder Participation
Phase 7: Implementation Plan
Phase 8: Incorporation of the IWMP into the IDP
Phase 9: Report of Implementation and Monitoring and Review
Phase 10: Evaluation and Review
Figure 1: Integrated Waste Management Process
Prepared By: Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 21 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2013/14 2. STRUCTURING OF THE DOCUMENT For ease of reference, this document is structured into the following sections:
Section 1: Introduction and Background Section 2: Structure of the report Section 3: Legislative Framework Review Section 4: Definition of the Geographic Area of the IWMP Section 5: Situational Analysis Section 6: Overview of Waste Management Practice in the South African context Section 7: Municipal Waste Management Practice Section 8: Gaps and Needs Assessment DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON Section 9: Desired End State Section 10: Assessment of Alternatives Section 11: Mechanisms for the Implementation of the IWMP Section 12: IWM Implementation Plan Section 13: Community Involvement and Stakeholder Participation Section 14: IWMP Monitoring and Review Plan Section 15: IWMP Approval Section 16: Conclusion and Recommendations Section 17: Reference
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Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15
3. LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK REVIEW
The table below assesses the applicable legal framework and their relevance to the municipality in delivering on waste management services. Description of the Act or Policy Relevance to Okhahlamba Local Municipality
NATIONAL LEGISLATION, POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
South African Constitution, 1996 Section 24 of the Bill of Rights of the Constitution of South Africa clearly states that everyone has the right to: (Act 108 of 1996) An environment that is not harmful to their health or wellbeing;
Should have the environment protected, for the benefit of present and future generations
through reasonable legislative and other measures that;
i) prevent pollution and ecological degradation
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON ii) promote conservation
iii) secure ecologically sustainable development and use of natural resources while promoting justifiable economic and social development
The constitution places an emphasis on the need to have the environment protected for the benefit of present and future generations through reasonable legislative and other measures such as the IWMP.
The reviewed Okhahlamba IWMP must come up with measures to uphold the rights of citizens within the jurisdiction of the municipality and should enhance and promote environmental protection from any degradation
DWAF Minimum Requirements for The Minimum Requirements provide for applicable waste management standards or specifications that must be met, as Landfill, 2nd edition, 1998 well as providing a point of departure against which environmentally acceptable waste disposal practices can be assessed. The objectives of setting minimum requirements are to:
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Description of the Act or Policy Relevance to Okhahlamba Local Municipality
Prevent water pollution and to ensure sustained fitness for use of South Africa’s water resources
Attain and maintain minimum waste management
Standards in order to protect human health and the environment form the possible harmful effects caused by the handling, treatment, storage and disposal of waste.
Effectively administer and provide a systematic and
Nationally uniform approach to the waste disposal process.
Endeavour to make South African waste management practices internationally acceptable.
Before a waste disposal site permit is issued, adherence to the Minimum Requirement conditions will be required from
the permit applicant. The Minimum RequirementsDRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON promote the hierarchical approach to waste management, as well as a holistic approach to the environment.
Okhahlamba Local Municipality is breaching these requirements by not implementing the required management procedures for its landfill site. The DWAF Minimum Requirements should be enforced during the permitting process for landfills under Section 20 of the Environment Conservation Act. However, the municipalities is in the process of formalizing the existing landfill site or identify a new site for the location of a landfill site in order to fully comply with the Minimum Requirements. National Environmental Development of Integrated Waste Management Plans (IWMPs) in South Africa has been given a clear legal basis Management: Waste Act (Act No through the National Environmental Management: Waste Act (No.59 of 2008), which states that the Department of 59 of 2008) Environmental Affairs and the provincial departments responsible for waste management must prepare IWMP’s. The Act further requires a municipality to:
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Description of the Act or Policy Relevance to Okhahlamba Local Municipality
Submit its IWMP to the MEC for approval; and
Include the approved IWMP in its Integrated Development Plan (IDP) as contemplated in Chapter 5 of the Municipal Systems Act.
The Okhahlamba Local Municipality has been utilising its Draft Integrated Waste Management Plan and it is important that it is reviewed, finalised and integrated into the IDP in order to have a more integrated approach towards waste management and bring Okhahlamba Local Municipality in compliance with the Waste Act.
It is a legislative requirement as per the NEMWA (Act No. 59 of 2008) that the local municipality must develop its own IWMP.
National Environmental NEMA aims to uphold the provisions set out in section 24 of the Bill of Rights (the Constitution of the Republic of South
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON Management Act (Act 107 of 1998) Africa). It promotes and upholds the rights of citizens to live in an environment that is not harmful to its health and well- being. The Okhahlamba IWMP should place sustainable development at the centre of decision making as it has the potential to impact on social, economic and the environment. Integration is need with regard to economic, social and environmental factors in the planning and implementation of the IWMP to ensure decisions made serve the present and future generations.
National Health Act (Act 63 of Section20(1)(a)HealthAct,No.63of1977: 1977) “Every local authority shall take all lawful, necessary and reasonably practicable measures to maintain its district at all times in a hygienic and clean condition.” and Section20(1)(b) Health Act:
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Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15
Description of the Act or Policy Relevance to Okhahlamba Local Municipality
“Every local authority shall take all lawful, necessary and Reasonably practicable measures to prevent the occurrence within its district of any nuisance, unhygienic condition, offensive condition or any other condition dangerous to the health of any person.”
National Water Act 36 of 1998 To provide for fundamental reform of the law relating to water resources; to repeal certain laws; and to provide for matters connected therewith.
While providing the necessary waste management services the municipality has to be cautious of the provisions of the water act.
Prevention of Environmental To provide for the prevention of pollution of the environment, and for the prevention of littering on land whether public or Pollution Ordinance (Act 21 of private and in latter case, such littering as is visible or detectable from a public road or place, to provide for the 1981) appointment of officers to enforce this legislation, to authorize the making of regulations providing inter alia for the
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON creation of presumptions, and to provide for the matters indicated thereto.
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Description of the Act or Policy Relevance to Okhahlamba Local Municipality
The overall objective of which is to reduce the generation of waste and the environmental impact of all forms of waste, National Waste Management thereby ensuring sound socio-economic development, Strategy, 2010 A healthy population and that the quality of our environmental resources are no longer adversely affected by uncontrolled and uncoordinated waste management. The internationally accepted waste hierarchy approach for waste avoidance/reduction, reuse/recycle, recovery, treatment and disposal is adopted in the strategy. Prior to the formulation of the IWMP, Okhahlamba Local Municipality had a draft IWMP which was not incorporated into the municipal IDP. Therefore waste management has not been integrated and the objectives of the draft National Waste Management Strategy (NWMS) could not be realized.
The review of the Okhahlamba IWMP and its integration into the IDP will represent a first step in implementing the NWMS. The purpose of these standards is to redress past imbalances in the provision of waste collection services, it is National Domestic Waste imperative that acceptable, affordable DRAFTa NOTn FOR CIRC ULATId ON sustainable waste collection services be rendered to all South Africans. Collection Standards, 2011 The Okhahlamba Local Municipality should utilise these standards when implementing the IWMP.
National Policy for the provision of This policy has been approved by parliament and is awaiting Basic refuse removal services to indigent households Final Gazette approval from the Minister of Department of Environmental Affairs. It is noted here as it provides guidance to ensure that poor (indigent) households have access to atleast basic (essential) refuse removal services from the concerned municipality.
It provides the key legislative framework and financial mechanisms for providing basic refuse removal services in an efficient and sustainable manner.
Okhahlamba Local Municipality should use this policy as a guide when planning to achieve 100% basic refuse removal to its rural areas and town centres. The level of service to be provided to different settlement types can also be informed from this policy
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Description of the Act or Policy Relevance to Okhahlamba Local Municipality
National Waste Information The National Waste Baseline Report is aimed at providing waste information relating to waste recycled, re-used, Baseline Report, 2012 recovered and disposed in South Africa.
The report identifies waste streams and provides an outlines appropriate ways for storage, collection, treatment and disposal options for the different waste streams.
The baseline report will provide guidance in the formulation of the Okhahlamba IWMP. The report will inform mainly the classification of waste for the local municipality and strategies to deal with waste collected, stored, disposed and recycled.
PROVINCIAL LEGISLATION, POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
Local Government Municipal makes provision of the IDP’s and SDF’s Systems Act, Act 32 of 2008 This Act should be used to guide the wayDRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ONthe Okhahlamba IWMP is integrated into the municipal IDP and it will also provide a framework for community participation
KwaZulu Natal Heritage Act (Act The Act provides for the conservation, protection and administration of both the physical and the living or intangible No 4 of 2008) heritage resources of the Province of KwaZulu-Natal;
Okhahlamba Integrated The municipal IDP outlines that Okhahlamba Local Municipality is in need of developing tools to facilitate waste Development Plan management. Therefore the formulation of the IWMP will act a sector plan that guides waste management within the local municipality and meet the objectives set out in the environmental legislation.
UThukela District Municipality The effective implementation of the District IWMP should assist the local municipality to manage its waste effectively. Integrated Development Plan The implementation of the District IWMP should impact on the waste management activities of the Okhahlamba Local Municipality.
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Description of the Act or Policy Relevance to Okhahlamba Local Municipality
INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION Local Agenda 21 Agenda 21 sets out a framework of objectives and activities aimed at minimizing waste and promoting safe waste disposal and treatment. The key goals of Agenda 21 that should inform the Okhahlamba IWMP are: Sustainable development Eradication of poverty Elimination of threats to the environment Ensuring a sustainable environment; and Creation of sustainable job opportunities From information collected, the Okhahlamba Local Municipality has not implemented the minimum expectations in terms of Agenda 21 which are outlined as follows: corporate commitment DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON staff training and creating environmental awareness environmental management systems budgeting for the environmental processes It is a pre-requisite that sustainable development should integrate economic, social and environmental factors in all decision making processes.
The review of the Okhahlamba IWMP should result in the local municipalities waste management objectives being aligned to the goals of Agenda 21.
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4. DEFINING THE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
The IWMP area has been defined in terms of;
- the category of the municipal area in terms of the Municipal Systems Act - the location / locality of the study area. In this context the study are includes: o the waste management area / jurisdiction of the IWMP and o the waste services area – this include the areas that may receive direct or indirect waste services (other surrounding municipalities within the District Municipality) - the spatial extent of the study area - the main towns and residential areas within the study area DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON - the wards and demographic profile per ward - the transportation system - the existing facilities
The analysis of the geographic area is outlined in the table overleaf.
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Table 1: Geographic Area Analysis
CATEGORISATION OF THE IWMP AREA The jurisdiction (or waste management area) of the IWMP is the Okhahlamba Local Municipality which is Category B in terms of the Municipal Systems Act. The Okhahlamba Local Municipality falls under the uThukela District Municipality (Category C) in terms of the Municipal Systems Act.
The waste service area of the IWMP includes the OLM and the other adjacent local municipality within the UDM. LOCATIONAL ANALYSIS Regional and Provincial Context Local Context Okhahlamba Local Municipality is one of five (5) local municipalities’ within The Okhahlamba Local Municipality is located within a mountainous region of the uThukela District Municipality namely; Emnambithi/Ladysmith local KwaZulu Natal, with the Drakensberg running on the south western portion of the municipality, Indaka, Umtshezi and Imbabazane local municipality. municipality’s boundary. DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON
The municipality is located on the north western portion of KwaZulu Natal The Okhahlamba local municipality consist of 14 wards and is predominantly rural bordering Free State and Lesotho. The local municipality is located within with a number of town centres namely; Bergville, Winterton, Zunckels, Cathkin close proximity to town centres such as Ladysmith, Escourt and Harrismith. Peak and Geluksburg.
The local municipality is has a relatively good network with a regional route the The Okhahlamba Local Municipality is located approximately 244 Km from R74 running through the municipality connecting Okhahlamba with the R600 which Durban and 358 Km from Johannesburg. The N3 runs through the local connects to the N3 and the N11. municipality providing greater connectivity to other areas on a national scale. The N3 and the N11 provide great accessibility into the district with regional routes such as the R74 forming the back bone of Okhahlamba Majority of the local roads within the municipality are gravel roads.
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Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 municipality’s road network An activity and tourism corridor exist within the municipality which accounts for
majority of the municipality’s economy. The Okhahlamba local municipality is still a developing area like many other local municipalities in northern KwaZulu Natal. However, the area is popular for its tourism related activities hence its tourism industry forms the backbone of its economy.
The Okhahlamba Local Municipality falls within the uThukela District Municipality whose name derives from one of the major rivers that run and supply most of KwaZulu Natal with its water, the uThukela River.
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON The main economic activities within the local municipality are tourism and agriculture. The uThukela District Municipality is bordered by Umzinyathi, Umgungundlovu and Amajuba District Municipality. Refer to Appendix 1 for the Regional Context Map Refer to Appendix 7 for the Okhahlamba Facilities Map SIZE OF IWMP AREA District context (IWMP SERVICE AREA) Local context (IWMP JURISDICTION) The Uthukela District Municipality is approximately 11 500km² consisting of The Okhahlamba Local Municipality is 3 540.63 km²in proximity and is the largest five (5) local municipalities, three (3) of which are rural based. local municipality within the district. Refer to Appendix 4 for uThukela Facilities Map Refer to Appendix 1 for the Regional Context Map
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WARDS AND POPULATION BY WARDS District context (IWMP SERVICE AREA) Local context (IWMP JURISDICTION) According to SatsSA 2011, the uThukela District Municipality has a total The Okhahlamba Local Municipality consists of 14 wards. The table below outlines population of 668848. The number of local municipality’s within the district the population figures per ward for the local municipality. municipality and the wards within each local municipality are outlined below: Refer to Appendix 6 for Okhahlamba Population Map Refer to Appendix 5 for the Okhahlamba Wards Map Municipality No of Population Ward No. Population Wards Emnambithi/Ladysmith Local Municipality 27 237437 Ward 1 9295 DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON Indaka Local Municipality 10 103116 Ward 2 11065 Umtshezi Local Municipality 9 83153 Ward 3 9113 Okhahlamba Local Municipality 14 132068 Ward 4 9262 Ward 5 8556 Ward 6 9223 Ward 7 8720 Ward 8 8918 Imbabazane Local Municipality 13 113073 Ward 9 8711 Ward 10 9327 Ward 12 10114
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Ward 13 9316 Ward 14 9564 TOTAL 668848 TOTAL 132068
Source: StatsSA, 2011 Community Survey MAIN AREAS AND EXISTING SOCIAL FACILITIES District context (IWMP SERVICE AREA) Local context (IWMP JURISDICTION) The main areas within the district municipality as a whole include; Majority of the main economic activity within Okhahlamba is within the main town Ladysmith, Escourt, Bergiville centres namely; Bergville, Winterton, Cathkin Park and Geluksburg. The two economic nodes within the local municipality are Bergville and Winterton DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON Social Facilities Health facilities: Social Facilities There are a total of 52 medical health facilities within the district, which Health facilities includes hospitals, clinics and mobile clinics. There is one Hospital within Okhahlamba, Emmaus Provincial Hospital and a number of clinics. Educational Facilities The following are the clinics that are within the local municipality: There are 464 educational facilities within the district municipality. Schools Mazizini Provincial Clinic are evenly spread across the municipality which provides educational Busingatha Provincial Clinic facilities to both urban and rural settlements. Oliviershoek Provincial Clinic Bergville Provincial Mobile Clinic
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Okhahlamba Health Ward Provincial Mobile Clinic Bergville Local Authority Clinic Emmaus Provincial Hospital Please refer to the facilities map for this information. Educational Facilities The local municipality has a large number of primary and secondary schools; however there are no higher education institutions within the area. There are approximately 75 primary schools, 26 secondary schools and 6 combined schools. Police Stations There are five (5) stations within the local municipality located in Vanreenen, Oliviershoek, Upper Tugela, Bergville and Winterton. DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON
General remarks The collection points for waste are in Bergville and Winterton and the collection route is the R74 between Bergville and Winterton. There is an existing landfill site in Bergville (Rem of Erf 1227 Kleine Waterval), however it has not been. Majority of the rural areas do not receive waste collection services and they rely on waste management alternatives such as communal waste disposal and having your own waste disposal area which is often at the back of your yard. Refer to Appendix 4 for the uThukela Facilities Map Refer to Appendix 4 for the Okhahlamba Facilities Map
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BULK INFRASTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Electricity Majority of the households of the Okhahlamba local municipality have electricity. However, the remaining number of households uses candles, paraffin, solar and other means of energy for heating, lighting and cooking. Water Provision According to Stats Sa 2011, 31% of households within the local municipality have access to water provided by the municipality. 26 % of households rely on borehole water, 22% on springs and 8.5 % on dams and rivers for their water. The remaining households purchase water from water vendors and use other alternatives such as using rain water and water tanks. Sanitation A large number of the local inhabitants do not have a formal “flush system”, most people use a pit toilet either with or without ventilation which emphasizes the type of settlements within the local municipality, which are rural. According to the StatsSA Community Survey 2011, 63% of the households use a pit toilet,
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON 11.75% uses a flush toilet, 0.8% still uses the bucket system and the remaining households are not specified. TRANSPORTATION/ROUTE ANALYSIS The main arterial road going through Bergville town centre is the R74, which is the main roué running through the local municipality. Bergville has a relatively well established road network. There are a number of proposed arterials roads within Bergville and these will provide increased accessibility from the rural hinterland. The R616 connects to the R74 and the N3 as well as the N11. Annual Average Daily Traffic along the R74 and within other arterial roads within the local municipality ranges from 701 to 2500 cars which is moderate in terms of traffic volumes.
Majority of the roads within the local municipality are gravel roads, with some blacktop surfaced roads and no concrete roads.
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A national route; the N3 goes through the municipality as well as a small portion of the N11.
Geluksburg town centre does not have a well-developed road network. There is one provincial road that connects to the R616 that goes through Geluksburg providing connectivity to Bergville and the N3 and N11.Majority of the roads in Geluksburg are gravel roads with one road being a blacktop road;D364.
Like Bergville, Winterton has a well-established road network with the R74 forming the backbone of the road network in the area. The R74 connects to the R600 which connects to the N3 and also runs south towards Giants Castle Nature Reserve In terms of transportation, there are two main modes of transportation within the municipality are taxi’s and private transport. The municipality like any other local developing municipality does not have an efficient public transportation system and there are no buses. The population of Okhahlamba is reliant on taxis for transportation.
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON The existing railway line is not utilised as a mode of transport but is used for the transportation of agricultural products. There are two (2) formal taxi ranks within Okhahlamba, one in Bergville and the other in Zunckels. According to the Okhahlamba Road Master Plan (2012) more than half of the municipality’s population either does not have access to any form of public transportation or does not have means of owning private car. More than a quarter of the population travels by foot and the remainder use available means of transportation. Please refer to the taxi facilities map for the taxi routes within the municipality.
Refer to Appendix 8 for the Okhahlamba Transport Map
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Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2013/14 5. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS 5.1. Demographics It is imperative that in understanding the situational analysis of the local municipality with regard to waste management, population statistics should be analysed to understand the local municipality’s needs.
The number of households, people, waste generation rates, income levels and the types of economic activities are analysed. The main purpose of this section is to determine the number of people within Okhahlamba Local Municipality both rural and urban settlements. Furthermore such information will outline the anticipated changes with such trends and the implications thereof in terms of waste management.
Collection of this information will result in the identification of gaps, needs and the type of waste management services required for projected population growth as well as the current economy.
5.2. Population vs. No of households
According to Census 2011, the population of Okhahlamba Local Municipality DRAFTwas NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON estimated at 132 068. Okhahlamba Local Municipality experienced a 9.8 % growth rate between 2001 and 2007. According to Stats South Africa the population of the local municipality was estimated at 151 443 for 2007 which reflects a -12.79 % population decline over a 5 year period in comparison to the population rates for 2011.
The table below indicates the population for Okhahlamba for 2007 and 2011.
Table 2: Okhahlamba Population
Year Population 2001 137924 2007 151443 2011 132068 Source: Stats SA 2007, 2001 and Okhahlamba IDP 2012/2013
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With regard to the household size Census 2007 recorded 28508 households and 27576 households where recorded for the year 2011. There has been a decline with regard to the number of households as with the population growth rates. The table below represents the population figures and household sizes for the local municipality over a five (5) year period.
Table 3: Household Statistics
HOUSEHOLD STATS
2007 2011
28508 27576
5.3. Settlement Types Okhahlamba Local Municipality is predominantly rural, with approximately 59% of the households located within tribal areas. Some of the settlements are DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON located in farms and a small percentage of the local municipality’s households are located within the “urban area”, which in the context of Okhahlamba are the main town i.e. Bergville, Winterton, Geluksburg, Zunckels and Cathkin Park. The table below outlines the settlement types within the local municipality.
No. Settlement type Percentage
1. Urban areas 9%
2. Tribal/Tribal areas 59%
3. Farm 32%
Total 100%
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The Okhahlamba Local Municipality consist of fourteen (14) wards and the table below outlines the population and household numbers for 2011 for these wards:
Table 4: Population figures at Ward level
Ward No. Population No of Households Ward 1 9295 2337 Ward 2 11065 2110 Ward 3 9113 1780 Ward 4 9262 1924 Ward 5 8556 1482 Ward 6 9223 2071 Ward 7 8720 1995 Ward 8 8918 2016 Ward 9 8711 1868 Ward 10 9327 2274 Ward 11 10885 2103 Ward 12 10114 2018 Ward 13 9316 1821 DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON Ward 14 9564 1778 TOTAL 132068 27576 Source: Stats SA 2011
5.4. Estimated population growth Over the past ten (10) years Uthukela District Municipality has experienced a population increase. The population of the district within the 10 year period has increased by 1.8 %. A decline was experienced by the district between the period of 2007 and 2011.
At a local level, the population of the Okhahlamba Local Municipality has experienced a decline over the past 10 years with the greatest decline being experienced between the period of 2007 and 2011, when the population growth rate was recorded at -12.79%.
It is most likely that the population will continue to decline over the next couple of years at a steady rate due to factors such as high death rates, rural-urban migration and low birth rates. It is imperative that such projections are made in order to plan for waste management within the district municipality in the medium and long term.
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It is recommended that planning for waste management for Okhahlamba Local Municipality is done at a regional and district level to ensure effectiveness and efficiency of service provision provided the current population decline.
The graph below outlines the population rates for Uthukela District Municipality versus Okhahlamba Local Municipality and estimated population rates.
Figure 2: Estimated Population Growth: uThukela District Municipality
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5.5. Socio Economic Analysis
OVERVIEW OF THE DISTRICT ECONOMY
The uThukela District Municipality’s economy is highly geographically dispersed whereby it is the main urban centres such as Ladysmith and Escourt that accommodate majority of economic activities (Draft Socio-Economic Assessment Report, 2012). The uThukela district is 11329.0652 square kilometers and has
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Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 a population of just under 700 000 people, 15% of the population being classified as urban (in comparison to an average of 22% in similar rural-inland districts in South Africa). As such the uThukela has focused on the rural sector of its population in terms of its priority service and development goals (KZN PSEDS).
Ladysmith’s main economic activity is manufacturing and affluent commercial farms in Okhahlamba Local Municipality. The key economic development nodes in the district are Greater Ladysmith (main node); Escourt; Bergville; and Winterton. All of which are uThukela District Municipality’s urban centres, thus creating urban bias in terms of economic activity (Draft Socio-Economic Assessment Report, 2012).
UThukela District Municipality has experienced limited structural change in the economy over two decades. Majority of manufacturing companies are over 60 years old. New companies entering the area focus more on electronics. Given the large spatial disparities in uThukela DM’s economies, certain local municipalities find difficulty in generating any revenue or to perform efficiently. For example Indaka Local Municipality which does not have towns, major markets or any large economic activity. Thus all income is generated and spent outside of the municipal boundary in the larger urban centres, resulting in a limited flow of monies in the municipality and no multiplier effect within Indaka Local Municipality. The municipality is unable to generate any revenue, resulting in
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON underperformance and severe fiscal constraints (Draft Socio-Economic Assessment Report, 2012).
UThukela District Municipality currently has an annual per capita GDP of R 10 641(This compares to R16 459 for inland DM’s of a similar nature). As such the District Municipality might be classified as more insignificant compared to others of a similar nature. These figures indicate that the uThukela population is considerably poorer, in economic terms, compared to populations in other rural-inland districts in South Africa. UThukela has a high unemployment rate (49% of the broad labour force is unemployed). However, the average unemployment rate in rural-in land district municipalities outside KZN is actually higher at 51%. Given low employment rates, it is expected that an estimated 45% of the population depend on income from state pensions and remittances, directly and indirectly. The uThukela District Municipality population has considerably poor access to basic services as compared to populations living in similar rural-inland districts. The economy of the District Municipality is mostly dependent on Manufacturing (27%), Government Services (14%), Finance and Business Services (12%), Transport and Communication (11%), Wholesale, Retail and Tourism (11%) and Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (6%) (KZN PSEDS).
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Monthly personal income
In terms of income levels, personal income is grouped as follows:
No income R0 Low Income R1 - R3 200 Middle Income R3 201 - R 25 600 High Income R25 601+
The table below is an indication of monthly income per person ages 15-65 for the year 2007 by gender. Females have a lower proportion of income earners as compared to males, 52% and 57% respectively. In all income –earning categories the proportions of male earners are higher than females, indicating that generally males earn more than females in uThukela District Municipality. The data indicates that 60 percent of persons between the specified age group earn no income. UThukela has 25 percent of persons whom are low income earners,DRAFT NOT FOR CIRCtherefore ULATI ON 85 percent of the population live on less than R 38 400 per annum, an indicator of poverty and vulnerability in the area. (Draft Socio-Economic Assessment Report, 2012).
Income Group Male Female Total Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage No income 100 700 57 138 272 62 238 973 60 Low income 51 023 29 61 845 28 112 868 28 Middle income 10 077 6 7 922 4 17 999 4 High income 544 0 542 0 1 086 0 No response 13 068 7 12 776 6 25 844 6 Institutions 2 558 1 1 591 1 4 149 1 Total 177 970 100 222 948 100 400 919 100
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GVA and economic indicators
Gross Value Added (GVA) is defined as the total value of all the goods produced in a specific area during a specific period. According to Quantec Research data, uThukela District Municipality contributed 5% to the KwaZulu- Natal Gross Value Added in 2011. GVA per capita allows for the determining the overall welfare of the population. Although it is not an all-inclusive measure and does not indicate the welfare distribution, it remains an important indicator.
Quantec Research defines the major sectors into Primary Sector (extractive), Secondary Sector (manufacturing) and the Tertiary Sector (services). The Figure 1 below shows the GVA per sector for 2011. This data is taken from Quantec Research and the variables are explained below.
Primary Sector:
Agriculture, forestry and fishing; and Mining and Quarrying
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON Secondary Sector:
Manufacturing. This includes food, beverages and tobacco; textiles, clothing and leather goods; wood, paper, publishing and printing; petroleum products, chemicals, rubber and plastic; other non-metal mineral products; metals,metal products, machinery and equipment; electrical machinery and apparatus; radio, TV, instruments, watches and clocks; transport equipment; and furniture and other manufacturing. Electricity, gas and water; and Construction.
Tertiary Sector:
Wholesale and retail trade, catering and accommodation. This sector represents the tourism sector through catering and accommodation and the sale of goods through trade. Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 44 of 132
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Transport, storage and communication; Finance, insurance, real estate and business services; Community, social and personal services; and General Government
Transport, storage and 2010 GVA communication General government
community, social and personal services Agriculture
Construction
Electricity,gas and water
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON Minig and quarrying
Manufacturing
Finance, insurance, real estate and business services
Main Economy Sectors for Okhahlamba Local Municipality
The Municipality has two main economic sectors i.e. Agriculture and Tourism.
Tourism
Okhahlamba Municipality has three types of tourism namely arts and craft, cultural, and eco-tourism. Tourism is playing an increasingly important role in the local economy, with the wide asset base including various accommodation facilities, and outdoor sporting and recreational activities. However, attention needs Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 45 of 132
Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 to be placed on the lack of integration, marketing and a creative approach to local tourism. The tourism industry provides employment, but has not been integrated into the local community and its socio-economic impact as a result has been limited. In addition, issues such as substantial private sector involvement, partnerships with local communities, responsible infrastructure provision, and efficient marketing and information centres need to be taken into consideration (Okhahlamba IDP, 2012-13).
Bergville is considered the gateway to the tourism Mecca of Drakensberg. Some of the most striking holiday resorts, like Catkin Peak, Cathedral Peak, Champagne Castle, Oliviershoek, and Rugged Glen Nature Reserve Spioenkop’s historical site, lakeside resort and dam run by KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife are all in close proximity to the town. The Drakensburg is a tourist attraction to both local and international tourists. In addition, a considerable number of day visitors and hikers pass through the area. It is one of the major sources of income generation within the tourism industry as the foreign spending in the area contributes significantly to the economy. It also plays a significant role in terms of settlement patterns within the municipality (Okhahlamba IDP, 2012-13).
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON Moreover, the Royal Natal National Park and the Rugged Glen Nature Reserve boast one of South Africa’s most beautiful mountain landscapes, including the magnificent peaks of Mont-Aux-Sources. The awesome pinnacle is 3 283 m high and the flat summit can be reached by means of a chain ladder. From that vantage point, the view over Natal and Lesotho is impressive (Okhahlamba IDP, 2012-13).
Between Bergville and the Royal Natal National Park is the Zulu handicraft centre of Thandanani where a variety of traditional beadwork, woodwork and baskets are sold. The Spioenkop Battlefield and Dam Resort and the Range worthy Cemetery that holds the graves of those killed in the battles of Spioenkop and Bastion Hill are located close to Bergville. Van Reenen is located at the border between KwaZulu-Natal and the Orange Free State on the main N3. The little village is famous for having the Llandaff Oratory, the smallest church in the world - full house of 8 people, which was built by a father in memory of his son who died in a mining accident (Okhahlamba IDP, 2012-13).
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Agriculture According to the IDP, the Okhahlamba LM economy is presently dominated by agricultural activities, although its contribution to the local gross geographic product (GGP) appears to be declining. In terms of employment, Agriculture is the major employment contributor. Commercial Agriculture uses 70% of the Municipal land area, which is being farmed quite intensively for grain, vegetables and pastures for dairy and semi-intensive mutton and beef production (Okhahlamba IDP, 2012-13).
The traditional settlement areas have substantial agricultural potential. The traditional ranching of cattle is the main agricultural activity within these areas; however over- grazing and stock theft are restraining returns from this type of activity. Small holder agriculture also consists of maize, dry bean and vegetable production on a small scale. The high unemployment rate in the area results in most households growing maize mainly for subsistence purposes rather than commercial purposes. The data has also shown that “on farm” incomes are contributing less to family income and the proportion of pensions is increasing.
- Agri-processing:
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON A small soya bean mill and cold storage facility have recently been opened in Bergville representing a market opportunity for farmers within the district.
- Informal sector and Small Business Development: Decreasing levels of formal employment over the last decade have seen a growth in the informal sector. Trading and transport have been the two sectors targeted by emerging entrepreneurs. The Department of Transport, the Rand Water Mweni Trust and Department of Water Affairs have spearheaded projects in the area which have seen the emergence of local contractors involved in the various projects. 106 women’s groups have been identified within the municipality, many of which include productive enterprises.
- Trade and Commerce: Commercial activity is centered within Bergville and Winterton, functioning as service centers to the surrounding rural areas. These, however rely on the larger centers of Ladysmith, Pietermaritzburg and Durban. Trade and commerce is the fourth highest contributor to GGP and the third highest contributor to employment within the municipality.
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The IDP concludes that the lack of integration in all sectors as well as in most government and non-government structures is one of the most important constraints to the local economy. Key development issues in Okhahlamba would be the support and strengthening of the institutions of civil society
5.6. Educational levels
EDUCATIONAL LEVELS: OKHAHLAMBA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY Grade 7 6796 Grade 12 16458 Certificate with less 61 than grade 12 Diploma with less 76 than grade 12
Certificate with grade 553 DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON 12 Diploma with Grade 718 12 Higher Diploma 575 Bachelor’s Degree 310 Bachelor’s Degree 153 and Diploma
Honours 126 Post higher 158 Diploma/Masters/PHD No schooling 12195
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5.7. Income levels vs. Poverty Levels According StatsSA (2011) majority of the inhabitants of Okhahlamba Local Municipality have no income which indicates high unemployment rates within the local municipality. A large proportion of the population also can be categorised as low income earning between R1 and R3200. A small percentage of the municipality can be classified as high income earners. This data reflects the high income inequalities within the municipality.
INCOME LEVELS Income No of people Percentage No income 57,567 43.6% R 1 - R 400 37,232 28.2% R 401 - R 800 4,792 3.6% R 801 - R 1 600 14,638 11% R 1 601 - R 3 200 3,366 2.54% R 3 201 - R 6 400 1,446 1.09%
R 6 401 - R 12 800 1,400 1.06% DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON R 12 801 - R 25 600 847 0.64% R 25 601 - R 51 200 300 0.2% R 51 201 - R 102 400 68 0.09% R 102 401 - R 204 800 39 0.02% R 204 801 or more 36 0.03% Unspecified 8,082 6.22% Not applicable 2,255 1.71% Total 132,068 100%
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5.8. Gender Profiles vs. Age Groups The gender and age profile for the local municipality is outlined below:
GENDER
Male 61 624
Female 70 443
AGE
0-14 51 826
15-24 31 808
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON 25-34 17 737
35-44 11 703
45-54 9136
55-64 7573
65-74 3929
75-84 1952
85+ 581
TOTAL
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5.9. Employment Levels According to StatsSA (2011) majority of the population is considered as not being economically active. A small percentage of the local municipality is employed which accounts for 10.4%. The table below outlines the employment levels for the local municipality.
EMPLOYMENT LEVELS
Employment Status No of people Percentage
Employed 13,718 10.4%
Unemployed 10,501 8%
Discouraged work- 9,709 7.35% seeker
Other not 39,853 30.2% economically active DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON
Age less than 15 - years
Not applicable 58,287 44%
Total 132,068
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6. WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: SOUTH AFRICAN CONTEXT
6.1. Waste Management Hierarchy
According to the National Waste Management Strategy (2010) it is emphasised that waste reduction and avoidance be the first priority which involves reduction of waste during production by any means possible. Waste Recovery, Re-use and Recycling is considered as the second priority which involves re-using waste where possible instead of generating more waste. Recovery of waste entails recycling of waste or recovery of energy through incineration i.e. using waste as fuel. Treatment of waste and disposal are considered as the least desirable options in waste management. Treatment of waste involves reducing volumes of waste and reducing or hazardousness of waste. If disposal of waste is opted for, it is emphasised that waste is disposed in a manner that will not pollute the environment or cause health hazards.
As emphasised in the NWMS (2010) the waste hierarchy requires change in terms of the way products are designed and manufactured in order to encourage DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON the re-use and recycling of waste. Most importantly consumers should make it their onus to consume materials that can be re-used and should not constantly consume without re-using. A “Cradle to Cradle “approach should be utilised in managing waste. Cradle to Cradle management ensures that once a product reaches the end of its life span, it is recovered, re-used or recycled, therefore creating new products and materials. This cycle repeats itself until a small amount of the original waste is disposed1.
It is essential that the waste hierarchy is implemented successfully through the establishment of waste management plans and programmes within the local municipality. The diagram below outlines the waste management hierarchy:
1Department of Environmental Affairs (DAE), 2010.National Waste Management Strategy Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 52 of 132
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LEAST PREFERED
MOST PREFERED
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON
Figure 3: Waste Management Hierarchy
6.2. Waste Classification The National Environmental Management: Waste Act (Act No.59 of 2008) aims to reform the law regulating waste management in order to protect health and the environment by providing reasonable measures for the prevention of pollution and ecological degradation. The act aims at providing a legislative framework that will secure ecologically sustainable development. The Act provides for the institutional arrangements and planning matters, provides for national norms and standards for regulating the management of waste by all spheres of government. It provides for specific waste management measures which provide for the licensing and control of waste management activities.
The table below outlines the relevant waste regulations that govern the management of waste as stipulated in the National Environmental Management: Waste Act (Act No.59 of 2008).
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Table 5: National Environmental Management Waste Act (2008) Regulations Schedule
Regulation No. Regulation Explanation of content of Regulation
No.R.625 National Waste Information Regulations The purpose of these regulations is to regulate the collection of data and information to fulfill the objectives of the national waste information system as set out in section 61 of the Act.
No.R.634 Waste Classification and Management The purpose of these regulations is to: Regulations regulate the classification and management of waste in a manner which supports and implements the provisions of the Act; establish a mechanism and procedure for the listing of waste management activities that do not require a Waste Management License prescribe requirements for the disposal of waste to landfill prescribe requirements and timeframes for the management of certain DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON wastes; and prescribe general duties of waste generators, transporters and managers No.R.635 National Norms and Standards for the These Norms and Standards prescribe the requirements for the assessment of Assessment of Waste for Landfill Disposal waste prior to disposal to landfill in terms of Regulation 8(1) (a) of the Regulations.
No.R.636 National Norms and Standards for Disposal These Norms and Standards determine the requirements for the disposal of of Waste to Landfill waste to landfill as contemplated in regulation 8(1) (b) and (c) of the Regulations.
No.R.921 List of Waste Management activities that Provides a list of all Waste Management activities that have, or are likely to have have, or are likely to have a Detrimental a Detrimental Impact on the Environment Impact on the Environment
No.R.922. Amendments to the Environmental Impact Assessments Regulation Listing Notice 1 of 2010
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Regulation No. Regulation Explanation of content of Regulation
No.R. 923 Amendments to the Environmental Impact Assessments Regulation Listing Notice 2 of 2010
No.R.924 National Standards for the Extraction, The standards aim at controlling the extraction, flaring or recovery of landfill gas Flaring or Recovery of Landfill Gas at facilities in order to prevent minimize potential negative impacts on the bio- physical and socio-economic environments.
No.R.925 National Standards for the Scrapping or The standards aim at controlling the scrapping or recovery of motor vehicles at a recovery of motor vehicles facility that falls within the threshold as described in these standards in order to prevent or minimize potential negative impacts on the biophysical and socio- economic environment.
No.R. 926 National Norms and Standards for the The purpose of these norms and standards is to- storage of Waste (a) provide a uniform national approach relating to the management of waste DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON storage facilities (b) ensure best practice in the management of waste storage facilities; and (c) provide minimum standards for the design and operation of new and existing waste storage facilities. No.R.988 Notice of Approval of an integrated Industry Waste Tyre Management Plan of the Recycling and Economic Development Initiative of South Africa
According to the National Waste Information Regulations (No.R625) the persons conducting the following activities must register on the South African Waste Information Service (SAWIS) in terms of Regulation 5:
Generators of Waste:
(a) Generators of waste in excess of 20kg per day
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Recovery or recycling of waste
(b) Recovery of energy from general waste in excess of three (3) tons per day
(c) Recovery of waste at a facility that has the capacity to process in excess of 10 tons of general waste or in excess of 500kg of hazardous waste per day, excluding recovery that takes place as an integral part of an internal manufacturing process within the same premises.
(d) The scrapping or recovery of motor vehicles at a facility that has an operational area in excess of 500m2.
(e) Recycling of general waste at a facility that has an operational area in excess of 500m2.
(f) Recycling of hazardous waste in excess of 500kg per day calculated as a monthly average.
Treatment of Waste:
(g) Treatment of general waste sing any form of treatment at a facility that has the capacity to process in excess of 10 tons of general waste or 500kg of
hazardous waste per day excluding the treatment of effluent, wastewaterDRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATIor ON sewerage. (h) Treatment of health care risk waste regardless of size or capacity of the facility.
Disposal of Waste:
(i) Disposal of general waste to land covering an area in excess of 200m2.
(j) Disposal of any quantity of hazardous waste to land.
Exportation of Hazardous Waste
(k) Hazardous waste exported from the Republic of South Africa
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6.3. GENERAL WASTE TYPES FOR REPORTING TO SAWIS The table below outlines the General Waste types for reporting to SAWIS:
Table 6: General Waste Types for Reporting to SAWIS
Level 1 Level 2-Major Waste Types Level 3-Specific Waste Types No. Name No. Name GW 01 Municipal Waste 01 GW 10 Commercial and Industrial Waste 01 GW 13 Brine 01 GW 14 Fly ash and dust from miscellaneous filter 01 sources GW 15 Bottom ash 01 GW 16 Slag 01 Ferrous metal and slag 02 Non-ferrous metal slag
03 Other DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON GW 17 Mineral waste 01 Foundry sand 02 Refractory waste 03 Other GW 18 Waste of Electric and Electronic Equipment 01 Large household appliances
GENERAL WASTE GENERAL (WEEE) from which hazardous 02 Small Household Appliances components/substances have been removed 03 Office, information and Communication Equipment 04 Entertainment and Consumer Electronic and toys, leisure, sports and recreational equipment and automatic issuing machines 05 Lighting equipment 06 Electric and Electronic tools 07 Security and health care equipment 08 Mixed WEEE GW 20 Organic waste 01 Garden waste
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Level 1 Level 2-Major Waste Types Level 3-Specific Waste Types 02 Food waste 03 Wood waste GW 21 Sewage sludge 01 Sewage sludge GW 30 Construction and demolition waste 01 GW 50 Paper 01 Newsprint and magazines 02 Brown grades 03 White grades 04 Mixed grades GW 51 Plastic 01 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) 02 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 03 Low-density polyethylene (LPDE) 04 Polypropylene 05 Polystyrene (PS) 06 Other DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON GW 52 Glass 01 GW 53 Metals 01 Ferrous metal 02 No-ferrous metal GW 54 Tyres 01 GW 99 Other 01
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6.4. HAZARDOUS WASTE TYPES FOR REPORTING TO SAWIS The table below outlines the General Waste types for reporting to SAWIS:
Table 7: Hazardous Waste Types for Reporting to SAWIS
Level 1 Level 2-Major Waste Types Level 3-Specific Waste Types No. Name No. Name HW 01 Gaseous waste 01 Gases (excluding Greenhouse gases) HW 02 Mercury Containing waste 01 Liquid waste containing mercury 02 Solid waste containing mercury HW 03 Batteries 01 Lead Batteries 02 Mercury batteries 03 Ni/Cd batteries 04 Manganese dioxide and alkali batteries 05 Lithium & Lithium ion batteries
DRAFT06 NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON Nickel-metal hydride batteries 07 Mixed batteries HW 04 POP Waste 01 PCB containing waste (>50mg/kg) 02 Other POP containing waste HW 05 Inorganic Waste 01 Liquid and sludge inorganic waste 02 Solid inorganic waste
HAZARDOUS WASTE HAZARDOUS 03 Spent pot lining (inorganic) HW 06 Asbestos containing waste 01 Asbestos containing waste HW 07 Waste Oils 01 Waste oil HW 08 Organic halogenated and/or sulphur containing 01 Solvents containing halogens and or sulphur solvents HW 09 Organic halogenated and/or sulphur containing 01 Liquids and sludges containing halogens and/or sulphur waste 02 Solids containing halogens and/or sulphur HW 10 Organic solvents without halogens and sulphur 01 Solvents without halogens and sulphur HW 11 Other Organic waste without halogen or sulphur 01 Liquid and sludge organic waste
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Level 1 Level 2-Major Waste Types Level 3-Specific Waste Types 02 Solid organic waste 03 Spent pot lining (organic) HW 12 Tarry and Bituminous waste 01 Tarry waste 02 Bituminous waste HW 13 Brine 01 Brine HW 14 Fly ash and dust from miscellaneous filter 01 Fly ash sources HW 15 Bottom ash 01 Bottom ash HW 16 Slag 01 Ferrous metal slag 02 Non-ferrous metal slag 03 Other HW 17 Mineral Waste 01 Foundry sand 02 Refractory waste 03 Other DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON HW 18 Waste of Electric and Electronic Equipment 01 Large Household Appliances (WEEE) 02 Small Household Appliances 03 Office, information & Communication Equipment 04 Entertainment & Consumer Electronics and toys, leisure, sports & recreational equipment and automatic issuing machines 05 Lighting equipment 06 Electric and Electric tools 07 Security & health care equipment 08 Mixed WEEE
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Unless stipulated in the Norms and Standards for the Assessment of Waste, for Landfill Disposal the following wastes must be disposed of as follows:
Listed Waste Landfill Disposal Requirements
(i) Asbestos Waste Disposal only allowed at a Class A landfill designed in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of these (ii) Expired, spoilt or unusable hazardous products. Norms and Standards, at a landfill site designed in accordance with the requirements for a Hh/HH landfill as specified in the Minimum Requirements for (iii) PCBs (or rather PCB containing waste (>50pp)) Waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed.,DWAF,1998) (iv) General waste, excluding domestic waste, which contains hazardous waste and hazardous chemicals
(v) Mixed, hazardous chemical wastes from analytical laboratories and laboratories from academic institutions in containers less than 100 litres.
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Waste that has been classified in terms of the Minimum Requirements for the Handling, Classification and Disposal of Hazardous Waste (2nd Edition, 1998; Department of Water Affairs and Forestry) prior to the Regulations coming into operation, may be accepted and disposed of as set out below for a period not exceeding three (3) years after the date of coming into operation of the Regulations:
Table 8: Waste Disposal Requirement as per Minimum Requirements for Handling, Classification and Disposal of Hazardous Waste (2nd Edition, 1998)
Waste Landfill Disposal Requirements
Disposal only allowed at a Class A landfill designated in accordance with section Hazardous Waste- Hazard 3(1) and 3(2) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of these Rating 1 or 2 Norms and Standards, at a landfill site designated in accordance with the requirements for HH landfill as specified in the minimum Requirements for waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed,.DWAF,1998) Disposal only allowed at a Class A landfill designated in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of these
Hazardous Waste- Hazard Rating 3 or 4 DRAFTNorms NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON and Standards, at a landfill site designated in accordance with the requirements for Hh landfill as specified in the minimum Requirements for waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed,.DWAF,1998) Disposal only allowed at a Class B landfill designated in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of these Hazardous Waste- Delisted Norms and Standards, at a landfill site designated in accordance with the requirements for GLB+ landfill as specified in the minimum Requirements for waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed,.DWAF,1998) Disposal only allowed at a Class B landfill designated in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of these General Waste Norms and Standards, at a landfill site designated in accordance with the requirements general waste site, G S/M/L B-/B+ as specified in the minimum requirements for waste Disposal by landfill(2nd Ed,.DWAF,1998)
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Waste that has been assessed in terms of the Norms and Standards for Assessment of Waste for Landfill Disposal set in terms of section (7) 1 (in terms of the TCT test) must be disposed to a licensed landfill as follows:
Waste Type Landfill Disposal Requirements
Type 0 Waste The disposal of Type 0 waste to landfill is not allowed. The waste must be treated and re-assessed in terms of the Norms and Standards for Assessment of Waste for Landfill Disposal.
Type 1 Waste Type 1 waste may only be disposed of at a Class A landfill designed in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of these Norms and Standards, may be disposed of at a landfill site designed in accordance with the requirements for a Hh/HH landfill as specified in the Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed., Department of Water Affairs and Forestry,1998)
Type 2 Waste Type 2 waste may only disposed of at a Class B landfill designed in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of these Norms and Standards, may be disposed of at a landfill site designed in
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON accordance with the requirements for a GLB+ landfill as specified in the Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed.DWAF, 1998).
Type 3 Waste Type 3 waste may only be disposed of at a Class C landfill designed in accordance with section 3(1) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of these Norms and Standards, may be disposed of at a landfill site designed in accordance with the requirements for a GLB+ landfill as specified in the Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed.DWAF, 1998).
Type 4 Waste Type 4 waste may only be disposed of at a Class D landfill designed in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3 (4) of these Norms and Standards, may be disposed of at a landfill site designed in accordance with the requirements for a GLB- landfill as specified in the Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed.DWAF, 1998).
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The table below outlines the manner in which the waste types listed below should be disposed of:
Listed Waste Landfill Disposal Requirements
(i) Domestic waste Disposal only allowed at a Class B landfill designed in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of (ii) Business waste not containing hazardous waste or these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of these Norms and Standards, at a landfill hazardous chemicals site designed in accordance with the requirements for a GLB+ landfill as specified in the Minimum (iii) Non-infectious animal carcasses Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed. DWAF, 1998). (iv) Garden waste (v) Post-consumer packaging Disposal only allowed at a Class C landfill designed in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of (vi) Waste tyres these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of these Norms and Standards, at a landfill site designed in accordance with the requirements for a GLB+ landfill as specified in the Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed.DWAF, 1998).
(vii) Building and demolition waste not containing Disposal allowed at a Class D landfill designed in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of these DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON hazardous waste or hazardous chemicals Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of these Norms and Standards, at a landfill site (viii) Excavated earth material not containing hazardous designed in accordance with the requirements for a GLB- landfill as specified in the Minimum waste or hazardous chemicals Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed.DWAF, 1998).
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According to the National Norms and Standards for Disposal of Waste to Landfill (Regulation No.636) the following prohibitions and restrictions on disposal of waste to landfill come into effect after time frames indicated for each waste from the date of the Regulations coming into operation:
Table 9: Prohibitions and restrictions on disposal in terms of National Norms and Standards for Disposal of Waste to Landfill (Regulation No.636)
Waste Prohibited or Restricted in terms of Disposal Compliance Timeframe (a) Waste which, in the conditions of a landfill, is explosive, corrosive, Immediate oxidizing (according to SANS 10234 or SANS10228) (b) Waste with a pH value of <6 of >12 Immediate
(c) Flammable waste with a closed cup flashpoint lower than 610 Immediate Celsius (d) Reactive waste that may react with water, air, acids or Immediate components of the waste or that could generate unacceptable amounts of toxic gases within the landfill (e) Waste compressed gases (according to SANS 10234 or SANS Immediate DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON 10228) (f) Untreated Healthcare Risk Waste (HCRW) Immediate (g) (i) POP’s pesticides listed under the Stockholm Convention. Eight (8) years (ii) Other waste pesticides Four (4) years (h) Lead acid batteries Immediate (i) Other batteries Eight (8) years (j) Re-usable, recoverable or recyclable used lubricating mineral oils. Four (4) years As well as oil filters, but excluding other oil containing wastes (k) Re-usable, recoverable or recyclable used or spent solvents Five (5) years (l) PCB containing wastes (>50mg/kg or 50 ppm) Five (5) years (m) Hazardous Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)- Three (3) years Lamps (n) Hazardous Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)- Eight (8) years Other Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 65 of 132
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Waste Prohibited or Restricted in terms of Disposal Compliance Timeframe (o) Waste tyres: Whole Immediate (p) Waste tyres: Quartered Five (5) years (q) Liquid waste- (i) Waste which has an angle of response of less than 5 Six (6) years degrees, or becomes free flowing at or below 600 Celsius or when it is transported, or is not generally capable of being picked up by a spade or shovel; or (ii) Waste with a moisture content of >40% of that liberates moisture under pressure in landfill conditions, and which has not been stabilized by treatment (r) Hazardous waste with a calorific value of: (i) >25 MJ/kg Four (4) years (ii) >20 MJ/kg Six (6) years (iii) >10MJ/kg Twelve (12) years
(iv) >6% TOC DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON Fifteen (15) years (s) Brine or waste with high salt content (TDS>5%), and a leachable Eight (8) years concentration for TDS of more than 100 000 mg/l. (t) Disposal of garden waste: (i) 25% diversion from the baseline at a particular landfill of Five (5) years separated garden waste (ii) 50% diversion from the baseline at a particular landfill of
separated garden waste Ten (10) years (u) Infectious animal carcasses and animal waste Immediate
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6.5. Status of National Waste According to the modelled waste data, South Africa generated 59 million tonnes of general waste in 2011. An estimated 5.8 million tonnes of general waste was recycled (10%) with the remaining 53 million tonnes of general waste being landfilled (Table 8).
Table 10: Percentage Municipal Waste Contribution by Province (SA, 2011)
Waste generated as % of Total Province kg/capita/annum waste Western Cape 675 20 Eastern Cape 113 4 Northern Cape 547 3 Free State 199 3 KwaZulu Natal 158 9 North West 68 1 Gauteng 761 45
Mpumalanga 518 10 DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON Limpopo 103 3
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7. WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES WITHIN THE OKHAHLAMBA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY
7.1. Roles and Responsibilities Currently the OLM provides the following waste management services
Waste Collection and Street Cleaning. The services are currently provided only for the main towns i.e. Bergville and Winterton. Landfilling. The site has not been formalised and therefore does not have a permit. The municipality also utilises private waste collectors. The private sector is largely responsible for collection of recyclable material.
7.2. Organisational Capacity and Structure (Organogram) Waste management services are a responsibility of the Technical Department. The waste division comprises of the following staff compliment:
No Employment Category No of Employees (Permanent) No of temporary Employees
1 Waste Management Officer 1 DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON -
2 Supervisor 1 - 3 Supervisor: Street Cleaning and Other General Workers 42 140 (EPWP) 12 (EPIP) 4 Driver 7 2 TOTAL 51 154
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TECHNICAL DIRECTOR
Project Manager
Waste / Landfill Officers x 2
Technical Supervisor
Winterton and Bergville – Waste and Landfill Landfill Site Operator (2) & 1 Compactor
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON Drivers (2)
General Workers (19)
Team Leader – Town Waste & Cleaning
General Workers (10) + 10 Tempo
Figure 4: Municipal Waste Division Organogram
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7.3. Waste Generation Areas The main waste generation areas within the local municipality are within the main town centres, namely Bergville, Winterton, Cathkin Park, Geluksburg and Zunckels. The municipality is predominantly rural and most of these settlements burn and bury the waste they generate as opposed to disposing it, they do not have formal waste services.
Waste generation areas where there are concentrated settlements are outlined in the table below:
Table 11: Waste Generation Areas
Ward Waste Generation Area/Residential Area Ward 1 Khethani, Winterton Ward 2 Khwela, Mafemfethini, Stulwane Ward 3 Cathkin Peak, Giants Castle Game Reserve, Mfifiyela, Ngoba Ward 4 Hofenthal/Kwama, Heffenthal/Emakhwabe, Maswazini Ward 5 Mabhulesini, Masana/Khosana, Kokwane, Dukuza Ward 6 Mazizini, Bonjaneni, Busingatha DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON Ward 7 Seqomeni Ward 8 Ogade, Bhalekisi, Moyeni Ward 9 Zwelisha/Mcijeni, Mkukwini Ward 10 Langkloof, Rookdale, OLM Rural, Nondela Ward 11 Action Homes, Hambrook, Bethany, Geluksburg, Green Point, Rooihoek, Nqula, Wittekop, Howe, Malottas Kraal Ward 12 Bergville, Woodford Ward 13 Wyford Ward 14 Magangangozi, Mhlwazini, Cathkin Estate, Bergview, Emandabeni, Cathkin Park, Magabagabeni, Moedandaba
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7.4. Current Waste Stream and Quantities Waste quantities and types recorded have been estimated using a variety of sources namely; information from private waste collectors within Okhahlamba Local Municipality, telephonic surveys, and interviews in the form of a survey with Okhahlamba residents. Waste estimates were recorded based on the average waste calculated for the various areas/waste disposed by waste generators. This has been a result of the absence of a weigh bridge at Bergville landfill site which makes it difficult to accurately quantify waste disposed which negatively impacts on waste management within the municipality.
For household surveys undertaken the following general comments were recorded from residents:
Some households have recyclable waste collected by private waste collectors Mainly in traditional households, recycling of waste does not take place Waste in majority of the households which surveys were undertaken, waste is burnt. This seems to be a very common practice within the local municipality as waste management services are not easily available for everyone.
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON Some households re-use plastic bags for shopping Garden waste is often re-used Scrap metals are sold to private companies that come and collect scrap metals Garden waste is sometimes re-used as fertilizer Waste was analyzed based on a variety of factors, i.e. settlement types etc. The tables below provide a summary of waste data collected for the different variables analysed.
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Table 12: Waste Quantities Generated per Settlement Type
Settlement type No of Estimated waste generation per day Estimated Waste generation per month households Estimated Amount of waste % of waste generated Estimated Amount of % of waste generated waste (tons) (tons) Urban area 2 361 150 tons 8.5% 4 500 tons 8.6% Tribal/Traditional area 16 265 276 tons 59% 8 280 tons 59% Farms 8 950 152 tons 32.5% 4 560 tons 32.4% TOTAL 27 576 578 tons 100% 17 340 tons 100%
Table 13: Quantities Recyclable and Non-Recyclable Waste
Settlement No of Recyclable Waste (per month) Non-Recyclable Waste (per month) Other type households Paper/Cardboard/Plast E-Waste Garden Household Healthcare Other Construction Other DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON Chemicals/ waste and i.e. ash, rubble waste ics/Glass/Batteries/ Waste Oils Biological feathers types that /Can/Tins/Metal (tons) waste have not been Urban area 2 361 612 tons 33 tons 191 tons 37 tons 59 tons 11 tons 82 tons accounted for such Tribal/Tradition 16 265 4 212 tons 227 tons 1317 tons 260 tons 41 tons 81 tons 562 tons as food scraps etc al area Farms 8 950 2 318 tons 1253 tons 725 tons 143 tons 224 tons 44 tons 313 tons
TOTAL 27 576 7 142 tons 1 513 tons 2 233 tons 440 tons 324 tons 136 tons 957 tons 10 888 tons 1857 tons 69% 15.8% 15.2%
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Table 14: Waste Generated in Schools
Name of School Estimated Amount of waste (kg) Estimated Amount of waste (tons) % of waste generated Jabulani Primary School 0 1.68 tons 11.8% Ubulinga High School 0 0.089 0.6% Bangani Secondary School 0 0.521 3.7% Crowfield Primary School 0 0.106 0.74% Ebusingatha Primary School 0 0.64 4.5% Ngcongcosi High School 0 1.023 7.2% Hambrook Primary School 0 1.28 8.98% Skraalhoek Primary School 0 0.32 2.25% Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 73 of 132
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Name of School Estimated Amount of waste (kg) Estimated Amount of waste (tons) % of waste generated Umqedandaba High School 0 0.203 1.42% Bambanani Primary School 0 0.998 7% Kwantshana High School 0 1.632 11.4% Ekwaluseni High School 0 4.16 29.19% Bergville Christian Academy 0 1.6 11.22% TOTAL 0 kg 14.25 tons 100 %
Table 15: Waste Generated in Clinics
Name of clinic Area (location) Estimated Amount of waste Estimated Amount of waste % of waste generated (kg) per week (tons) per week
Ezakheni Clinic 0 DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON 3.36 27.4% Zwelisha Clinic 0 0.48 3.9% Bergville Primary Health 0 1.76 14.37% Care Centre Bergville Clinic 0 3.26 26.6% Cathkin Park Clinic - - - Dukuza Clinic 0 0.8 6.5% Mazizini Clinic - - - Busingatha Clinic 0 2.59 21.1% TOTAL 0 12.25
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Hazardous Waste Tonnage Per Month General Waste Tonnage Per Month
Healthcare waste and 690 E-Waste 385 Biological waste
Household Chemicals/Oils 450 Paper/Cardboard/Plastics/Glass/Batteries/ 7 150 Can/Tins/Metal (tons)
Garden Waste 2 240
Construction rubble 96 500
Other i.e. fly ash, feathers 136
Total 1 100 Total 106 411 DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON
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7.5. Existing Waste Facilities and Disposal The municipality has one “dump” site which has not been legalised in terms of the relevant legislation. This site has been operational for over 40years. There are no recycling centres within the municipality. The recyclable material is collected and transported to the neighbouring municipalities or towns i.e. Ladysmith.
A majority of farms and rural areas/ smallholdings dispose their waste through the burn and bury process.
The details of the facility are as follows:
Name of Disposal site Bergville Waste Disposal Site
Property Description Rem of Erf 1227 Waterval
Location This site is located in the town centre of Bergville. The site is bordered by the Tugela River to the south and the R74 to the north.
Year of Construction 1975 DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON
Size 2.04 Ha
Permit Status Not Applicable
Quantities of waste disposed per 2456.78 tons month
Airspace This is not known since the cells were not formally planned
Waste disposed Currently the majority of waste disposed (largely: plastics, papers and garden waste). There is however, evidence of e-waste such as light bulbs.
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On-site Recycling There are no designated areas for recycling within the site, however, waste is separated and collected by private waste companies. Staffing 1 Security Guard, 2 (General Workers), 4 Truck (Drivers)
Method of landfilling Trenching system
Access Control The site is well fenced and has one access point which is controlled by the security guard.
Monitoring, Auditing, Leachate There are no leachate management on the site. Management Monitoring and Auditing are not done. Weighbridge A weighbridge does not exist. Waste is weighed in term of the truck capacity
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON 7.6. Waste Disposal Tariff Currently, the following tariffs apply for waste disposal:
Table 17: Okhahlamba Waste Tariffs
Waste Type/Generation Area Tariff Residential Waste R81.75 / truck Business Waste R169.71 / truck Garden Waste R155.68 / truck Dump site private deliveries R155.68 / truck
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7.7. Waste Generation per capita Table 18: Waste Generation per capita
Okhahlamba Local Municipality waste generation per capita Low income: 0.41 kg / per household per day x 365 days p.a = 0.0054 (kg/capita/day) Middle income: 0.74 kg/ per household per day x 365 days p.a =0.0098 Low income 0.0054 High income: 1.29 kg per/ household per day x 365 day p.a = 0.0171 Middle income 0.0098 No. of household in Okhahlamba: 27576 High income 0.0171
7.8. Waste Collection Services Waste collection services are not provided for the majority of the areas. A majorityDRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON of farms and rural areas/ smallholdings dispose their waste through the burn and bury process.
Small farms, resorts and private waste removal services bring their waste to the Okhahlamba Landfill site at a tariff of R115.68 per truck regardless of its size of quantity of waste.
Waste is collected by the local municipality from Bergville to Winterton along the R74. The waste collected is disposed off at the disposal site in Bergville. Waste is collected twice (2) a week for residential areas and everyday for businesses.
According to Census 2011, a survey at household level was carried out to identify the level of services that are provided by the local municipality. Accordingly, these statistics reflect that majority of the households within Okhahlamba Local Municipality have their own refuse dump with the second largest group of households having no form of refuse removal or waste collection services.
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Most households within the local municipality have their own refuse dump or no refuse removal from the local municipality especially in rural areas. A small percentage has their waste collected by the local municipality or private contractors on a regular basis
The following table represents the level of service provision with regards to waste removal at ward level:
Table 19: Summary of Waste Collection Services
Ward No Removed by local Removed by local Communal Own refuse No refuse Other TOTAL authority/private authority/private refuse dump dump removal company at least once a company less often week Ward 1 1650 20 9 561 56 41 2337 Ward 2 28 36 21 1686 281 57 2110 Ward 3 31 45 67 1078 461 98 1780 Ward 4 16 15 9 1218 654 12 1924 Ward 5 39 7 57 751 576 53 1482 Ward 6 68 12 4 1918 69 - 2071 Ward 7 5 2 3 1905 77 3 1995 Ward 8 10 9 DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON 28 1744 221 2 2016 Ward 9 42 2 5 1790 28 1 1868 Ward 10 242 19 17 1775 212 10 2274 Ward 11 24 12 15 1952 95 5 2103 Ward 12 295 23 41 1571 80 7 2018 Ward 13 25 30 161 1340 249 16 1821 Ward 14 74 86 72 1477 42 27 1778 TOTAL 2549 318 510 20766 3100 333 27576
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7.9. Existing waste minimisation initiatives At this stage, the following is undertaken:
WASTE HIERARCHY WASTE MANAGEMNT Commencement Date Implementer PRACTICES/SERVICES WASTE AVOIDANCE & Awareness Programmes for Schools March 2014 OLM and EPIP REDUCTION Healthcare Facilities Awareness Not Applicable Not Applicable
Community Awareness and Coops April 2014 OLM and EPIP Training RECOVERY, RE-USE AND Schools Waste Recycling Programme, Co- Not Applicable Not Applicable RECYCLING operative Recycling Programme (proposed) TREATMENT None. Not Applicable Not Applicable
DISPOSAL The current landfill is operated informally (Trench system). However, the
municipality has been granted funding DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON from the Department of Environmental Affairs through EPIP to develop a new landfill site. REMEDIATION None Not Applicable Not Applicable
7.10. Illegal Dumping Complaints and Records The municipality currently has no formal system to record complaints. In addition, there are no formal complaints received by the municipality, the reasons could be the lack of systems to channel those complaints.
7.11. Waste Management Budgeting Currently the municipality does not have a separate budget system for the waste division.
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7.12. Existing Waste Management Systems SWOT Analysis SWOT ANALYSIS: OKHAHLAMBA INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT STRENGTH Okhahlamba Local Municipality has a booming tourism economy, There is potential for growth in terms of the economy given the strategic therefore the opportunity for improving current waste services exists and location of the local municipality which will provide opportunity to is mandatory. implement the IWMP. WEAKNESS The local municipality has an inefficient waste management system that The municipality is non-compliant with the relevant waste and marginalizes rural settlers, providing services to mainly the main town environmental legislation and the local municipality has no approved IWMP centers of the area only. as required by law. The local municipality lacks an effective and efficient waste information There is currently no separation of waste at the source. system data base. The lack of detailed information in terms of waste There appears to be very little knowledge around waste management quantities and current available waste services is a major shortfall within within the local municipality. Local residents need to be educated and the local municipality. Ineffective waste information system affects informed about waste management. decision making in terms of addressing waste management issues and the provision of adequate services to local inhabitants. OPPORTUNITY DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON The local municipality has the potential to have an effective integrated Waste with a market value can be reused through recycling. There is a waste management system that effectively services the needs of the local great opportunity to implement recycling initiatives and involve locals. Such residents. efforts increase community solidarity as they feel they are doing something to benefit them. The improvement of the local municipalities waste management system Improvement of Okhahlamba’s waste management system will contribute will provide opportunity for the municipality in terms of creating more jobs to local authorities meeting their respective legislative targets. within the waste management sector. There is also opportunity to generate income from waste recycled. Upon successful implementation of the IWMP, the local municipality will have the opportunity to provide incentives to locals who participate in waste prevention activities. THREAT The local municipality has declined in terms of population growth. This There are initial expenses related to waste management projects i.e. public may have a negative impact on efforts to plan for the future as it is not awareness that the local municipality may not have. certain that the decline in the population will be ongoing or it will dynamically change on the next 5 to 10 years.
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8. GAPS AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT
The Gap and Needs assessment is a mechanism that explores the difference between the municipalities current situation and desired end state. The assessment provides an outline of the issues that need to be addressed to improve efficiency of waste management functions and overall effectiveness of waste functions. It is imperative that the Okhahlamba Local Municipality identifies current gaps and needs with regard to the municipal waste management in order to enable the municipality to move from its current state to its desired end state.
The process followed in performing a gap and needs assessments includes; identifying the local municipalities needs through conducting a needs assessment, identifying the gaps in knowledge, skill or practice and determining the necessary recommendations and the objectives for the desired end state for waste management in Okhahlamba Local Municipality.
PERFORM NEEDS ASSESSMENT BY ANALYSING CURRENT WAST SITUTATION
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON EVALUATE DETERMINE THE GAPS IN PROGRAMS/REVIEW KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS OR PRACTICE FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT
IMPLEMENT AND MONITOR SET GOALS AND DESIRED END PROGRAMS STATE
PLAN PROGRAMMES THAT WILL ASSIST MUNICIPLAITY REALISE ITS GOALS
Figure 5: Gaps and Needs Assessment Process
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The gaps and needs assessment involved gathering information that is appropriate and sufficient to develop an effective waste management system that will address the local municipalities needs and “wants” (gap). The needs identified where informed by the following:
Surveys taken Direct observation Research and studying the study area Analyzing trends in current waste management practices
CURRENT SITUATION NEEDS DESIRED END STATE 1. Current waste practices Identification of waste needs and current deficiencies the 2. Current systems Where the local municipality local municipality is GAPS IDENTIFIED 3. Current services experiencing wants to be in terms of waste management 4. Current Institutional arrangements
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON 5. Current Knowledge and skills
Figure 6: Identification of Gaps and Needs process
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GAPS AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT No NEEDS ISSUES/GAPS RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Integrated Waste . Inefficient waste management planning systems in . Formulate plans and programs that will ensure waste Management Planning place management activities are carried out in an efficient manner. . Lack of enforcement of policies and by-laws that will ensure compliance with National Waste . Okhahlamba Local Municipality needs to ensure Legislation enforcement in terms of waste management by-laws and the relevant waste plans that should be . There is no accurate data base for waste implemented. collected, treated and recycled. There is a need for information management with regard to waste . The local municipality should create and maintain a waste management database that will assist with . Waste Management Planning within the future waste management planning. Okhahlamba Local Municipality should go on to incorporate rural households as they manage their . There are a few municipalities that have effective DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON own waste. and accurate waste data collection systems in place. Inaccurate data and information is a problem and it leads to misinformed planning processes.
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2. Waste Management Services . Waste management services need to extend to the . The municipality should locate waste transfer rural areas as they do not receive waste collection stations or collection centres whereby rural services communities deposit their waste and collection is undertaken by the municipality regularly from those . Inefficient waste collection services, available centre or stations services to not service everyone’s needs. Waste . service within the OLM need to be standardized. . This will enable rural settlements to also have access to waste services provided by the . Waste collection needs to be monitored and municipality instead of managing their own waste. recorded by the local municipality in order to estimate future waste needs . The municipality needs to formulate a plan on how waste management services will be rolled out and . Waste management services need to be broad to the plan should be adhered to and waste services incorporate aspects relating to the reuse and provided should be consistent as per the “plan”. recycling of materials for the benefit of local communities
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3. Recycling and Re-use of . The municipality needs recycling centres to allow . There is a need for the municipality to identify materials for the re-use and minimisation of waste as per the companies that take in recyclable materials nearby to waste hierarchy outlined in various waste take collected recyclable materials. management legislation. . Educate and train personnel about waste . Okhahlamba Local municipality needs recycling management. centres; there is no available infrastructure to enable the use of such alternatives. . Encourage locals to keep their own garden waste and use it as compost or have a facility that takes in . The local municipality needs to coordinated garden waste instead of having garden waste recycling initiatives disposed off at the landfill site.
. The municipality should provide plastic bags to allow community members to separate waste at source
. There is a need for the local municipality to find a DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON market for recyclable materials
. The local municipality needs to build enough capacity to enable recycling initiatives to materialise.
. The local municipality needs to develop composting initiatives instead of having garden waste disposed at the landfill site. 4. Institutional Arrangements . Currently the municipality lack internal capacity to . OLM needs to build its capacity in terms of deliver on waste services institutional arrangements to improve the functionality of waste management.
. The municipality needs to clearly define roles and responsibilities within the Waste Department
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5. Education and Awareness . There’s a general lack of knowledge by local . There is a need for the municipality to educate locals communities regarding matters of waste about waste management to ensure mutual understanding pertaining to waste issues.
. The local municipality needs to provide education and raise awareness with regard to waste management issues.
. The municipality needs to build local knowledge and understanding of waste management.
6. Financing of Waste . Waste management functions need to be . Waste management functions need to be Management appropriately incorporated into the municipal appropriately incorporated into the municipal budget budget and evaluation of the use of funds needs to and evaluation of the use of funds needs to be done. be done. . A full cost accounting for waste services needs to be undertaken. 7. Availability of Infrastructure . There is no available infrastructure to carry out . The municipality needs to invest in building DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON and facilities to maximise waste management functions i.e. transfer stations, permanent structure for waste management, even in waste management functions waste bins etc. rural areas to allow for easier waste collection.
8. Availability of Waste . Lack of information, such short-comings in terms of . Okhahlamba Local Municipality should introduce Management Information data collection systems at waste facilities to ensure clear definition of waste, sources, classification record keeping. The municipality should establish a and type, lack of detailed information in terms of Waste Information System and data collection systems need to be maintained. waste quantities and current/available waste services. Lack of waste information affects decision making in terms of addressing waste management issues and provision of appropriate service that are specific to the Okhahlamba Local
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municipality
9. Waste Disposal Facilities The current disposal site is not formalized. Waste The municipality need to expedite the process of received is not recorded and quantified accordingly identifying a site for the new disposal site development.
As a short-term measure the municipality needs formalize the current site 10. Waste Minimisation Little is done to promote waste minimization. The municipality should devise a plan for waste minimization, with clear targets and timeframes to enable progress review.
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9. DESIRED END STATE
9.1. Set Goals, Targets and Indicators The table below communicates the goals, indicators and desired end state for waste management by 2019. The other sections of this document indicate in detail the targets and indicators for each year leading to 2019.
Table 20: Goals, Objectives, Indicators and Targets for the Integrated Waste Management Plan for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality 2014-2019
Goal 1: Promote waste minimisation, re-use, recycling and Proposed indicators Desired State By 2019 recovery Objective 1: Appropriate media strategy is developed to promote Pamphlets and brochures are produced, made available and circulated on a monthly basis Commence community education on RRR RRR commencing January 2014 to all ratepayers, schools Number of campaigns undertaken across the and business for a 12 month period (to be reviewed municipality annually. annually)
Objective 2: recyclables and recovery initiativesDRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON undertaken All schools within the municipality should participate in Promote re-use, recycling and recovery recycling and recovery initiatives by 2019 All health-care facilities within the municipality should participate in recycling and recovery initiatives 2019. Atleast 80% of communities must participate in recycling and recovery initiatives by 2019
Goal 2: Ensure the effective and efficient delivery of waste Proposed indicators Desired State By 2019 services
Objective 1: 95% of urban households and 75% of rural % of households receiving basic waste collection households have access to adequate levels of waste Expand access to waste services to at least a services basic level of service collection services Objective 2: ` Formalize operations of the current dump-site (e.g Waste received at the landfill site to be weighed and Safe disposal of waste in licensed landfill sites install weighbridge, record waste) recorded Establishment of a new landfill Establishment of a new landfill Establishment of Waste Transfer Stations Establishment of Waste Transfer Stations
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Goal 3: Desired State By 2019 Growing the contribution of the waste sector to the Proposed indicators green economy Objective 1: Initiate a waste to energy economy in Number of waste to energy projects initiated Initiate waste to energy projects OLM and stimulate job creation in the waste sector Jobs created in the new waste sector 69 000 new jobs created in the new OLM waste sector Objective 2: 120 additional SMEs and cooperatives participating in 1 Broaden participation by SMEs and marginalized No. of additional SMEs and cooperatives participating waste service delivery and recycling communities in the waste sector in waste service delivery and recycling Goal 4: Proposed indicators Desired State By 2019 Achieve integrated waste management planning Objective 1: Integrate the IWMP within the IDP with clear budget and Integrate the IWMP into the IDP and SDF Establish an effective system of IWMPs at local DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON time-lines by the 2015 IDP Performance Review period government level. The municipality meets the targets set in IWMPs The municipality meets 25% of its IWMP commencing
The municipality establishes a waste information system/s in 2014 and 25% each subsequent year until 100% of Objective 2: by mid 2015 its targets are met by 2019 Establish and maintain an information base on All waste management generators, transporters, and waste flows. managers are required to commence reporting to the OLM WIS by end of 2015
Goal 5: Ensure sound budgeting and financial Proposed indicators Desired State By 2019 management for waste services Objective 1: OLM to conduct full-cost accounting for waste Full-cost accounting for waste services commences services from the commencement of the 2014/15 financial year. Ensure full-cost accounting for waste at municipal OLM to review existing tariffs and implement cost level Implemented volumetric reflective tariffs by 2015/16 reflective tariffs. financial year Objective 2: Implement cost reflective and volumetric tariffs Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 90 of 132
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Goal 6: Effective compliance with and enforcement of the Proposed indicators Desired State By 2019 Waste Act
Objective 1: % increase in the number of successful enforcement Successful enforcement actions against non-compliant actions against non-compliant facilities commencing Systematically monitor and enforce compliance waste generators, transporters and managers with regulations, authorisation conditions and 2015 plans Number of EMIs dealing with Waste Act at local, 1 EMI to be appointed by the 2014/15 financial year and Objective 2: provincial and national level 1 each year until 2018 to enforce the Waste Act. EMI capacity expanded to enforce the Waste Act
9.2. SUMMARY OF STRATEGIC GOALS FOR INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT
No. Goal term Target
1. Short term goals Promote waste minimisation, re-use, recycling and recovery
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON Ensure that people are aware of the impact of waste on their health, well-being and the environment
2. Medium term goals Provide measures to remediate contaminated land
Effective compliance with and enforcement of the Waste Act
Extend waste services to other areas within the municipality
3. Long term goals Ensure the effective and efficient delivery of waste services
Growing the contribution of the waste sector to the green economy
Achieve integrated waste management planning
Ensure sound budgeting and financial management for waste services
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10. ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVES The table below assesses the viable and available options for waste handling and disposal as well as the relevant capital and operational costs implications
Waste Description Advantages and Disadvantages Typical Capital Cost Typical Operational Cost Management Requirements Requirements Types COPEX OPEX 1. Recycling Recycling is a process re-using materials (waste) Advantages Equipment/ Labour into new products to prevent wastage of potentially It is economically viable useful resources Transportation Marketing campaigns may provide local entrepreneurial and job vehicles Educational Campaigns Recycling practice involves the collection and opportunities It reduces energy usage and air pollution Material Recovery reuse of waste materials such as empty beverage It reduces waste that goes to the landfill and Facility containers. Material for recycling may be collected ultimately space at the disposal site. separately from general waste using dedicated bins Disadvantages and are sorted directly from mixed waste streams. Requires intensive community awareness This process requires it requires the owner of the campaigns DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON waste to separate it into various different bins prior to Could be expensive due to technology push its collection. required Limited waste can be recycled
2. Waste Transfer A transfer station are facilities where municipal solid Advantages: Transportation Labour Station waste is unloaded from collection vehicles and briefly vehicles Provides temporary waste storage. held while it is reloaded onto larger long-distance Haulage fees and other Job opportunities for the locals transport vehicles for shipment to landfills or other Equipments administrative fees Waste can be recycle at the deposition station treatment or disposal facilities. This alternative is more economical than Transfer Facility/ies These larger vehicles will transport the waste to the hauling the waste directly to a landfill truck by
end point of disposal in an incinerator, landfill, or truck (if different waste streams are combined into single shipment) hazardous waste facility, or for recycling. Disadvantages:
Frequent service is required. Possibility of leakage, odour or smell.
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Waste Description Advantages and Disadvantages Typical Capital Cost Typical Operational Cost Management Requirements Requirements Types COPEX OPEX haulage could be costly depending on the distance travelled to end point disposal
3. Incineration Incineration is a waste treatment process that Advantages: Buildings Maintenance and involves the combustion of organic substances repairs Combats the spread of disease. Equipments contained in waste materials. Incineration and other Provides a potential energy source. Materials (i.e. gas, high temperature waste treatment systems are Minimal land. Incinerator electricity) described as “thermal treatment”. Incineration of Reduces volume by half. waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue Disadvantages: Residue disposal gas, and heat. The ash is mostly formed by Expensive Skilled labour. the inorganic constituents of the waste, and may High energy requirement. take the form of solid lumps or particulates carried Produces residue which needs treatment. DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON by the flue gas. The flue gases must be cleaned of Pollution gaseous and particulate pollutants before they are dispersed into the atmosphere. In some cases, the heat generated by incineration can be used to generate electric power
3. Disposal by A landfill is a site for the disposal of waste materials Advantages: Construction Managing landfill by burial and is the oldest form of waste environmental impacts Land can be reused. Land Acquisition treatment. Historically, landfills have been the most of landfills Potential to reduce leachate production common methods of organized waste Influence the type of landfill equipment Equipments, plants. Transportation of waste disposal and remain so in many places around the needed on the site. world. Some landfills are also used for waste Infrastructure i.e. Maintenance labour. management purposes, such as the temporary Disadvantages: electricity, water, storage, consolidation and transfer, or processing of roads, buildings Closure/aftercare costs waste material (sorting, treatment, or recycling). Health hazard. Potential pollution (ground water, air). Maintenance.
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Waste Description Advantages and Disadvantages Typical Capital Cost Typical Operational Cost Management Requirements Requirements Types COPEX OPEX Proper planning required. Waste to Energy Waste to Energy method of waste management has Advantages: Plant Labour been one that has been widely used in many European countries and it has proven to be The Waste to Energy Plant uses effective Land Marketing by products sustainable. This method involves converting various environmentally friendly green technology types of waste streams collected for treatment into to treat different categories of municipal Materials Packaging of by energy and various others by products. Waste to solid waste. products. Basic infrastructure Energy methodologies of waste management This method of waste management i.e. electricity, Maintenance and promote the idea of Integrated Waste Management reduces Green House Gas (GHG) water, roads repairs which is based on reducing, reusing, recycling waste emissions. and recovering energy from waste treated. Waste to . Energy method optimizes the process of waste It produces improved quality of fertilizer management, efficiency and effectiveness of by-products. process.
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON The anaerobic digestion of waste that is used reduces bad smell of biomass.
It has potential of creating employment opportunities during design, construction and operation of the complex.
It is economically viable for treating municipal solid waste.
It eliminates need for a landfill site and solves the issues that arise form having a landfill site.
Allows for municipalities to have a more integrated solid waste solution one which is based on energy recovery.
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Waste Description Advantages and Disadvantages Typical Capital Cost Typical Operational Cost Management Requirements Requirements Types COPEX OPEX It allows for waste collected to be reused.
It produces energy and provides long term cost reduction.
Disadvantages:
The Waste to energy facility to expensive to construct.
Potential planning challenges including health concerns, traffic movement and the visual impact of development can raise public concerns.
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON High use of technology of the plant requires effective programme management.
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10.1. Ranking Criteria of Preferred Alternatives Financial Feasibility
The proposed waste management alternative should be financially viable for the local municipality to implement. The proposed alternative must be justifiable from an economic point of view.
Evaluation: Scores (RC) The proposed alternative requires funding 1
The proposed alternative can be financed by the municipality but requires financial 2 planning and budgeting The proposed alternative requires minimal financing and can be financed by the 3 municipality Space Requirements
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON It is advisable and recommended that the most desirable waste management alternative requires the minimum amount of space as land acquisition is costly and time consuming. Alternatives that can be accommodated within existing municipal waste management areas or public areas is desirable as opposed to alternatives that require designated land parcels for operation. Evaluation: Scores (RC) The proposed alternative requires land to be acquired which is not in the 1 ownership of the state.
The proposed alternative requires a reasonable amount of space and is 2 within ownership of some state institution.
The proposed waste management alternative requires minimal space and 3 therefore can be accommodated within existing municipal owned areas or public areas
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Environmental Sustainability
The proposed waste management alternative should be sustainable and not have a negative impact on the environment in any manner.
Evaluation: Scores (RC)
The proposed alternative has a significant impact on the surrounding 1 environment but impacts can be mitigated
The proposed alternative has a potential minimal impact on the surrounding 2 environment that can be managed.
The proposed alternative does not harm the environment in any way and can 3 be considered as sustainable.
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Social Acceptability
The proposed alternative must be culturally acceptable or must be within the norms of the local and affected community as verified through a proper community consultation process.
Evaluation: Scores (RC)
Not acceptable 1
Acceptable with provisions and community support 2
Communally acceptable with no objections 3
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10.2. Comparative Assessment of Preferred Alternatives
ALTERNATIVE CRITERIA SCORE TOTAL
Recycling Financial feasibility 2 11 Space and Land requirements 3 Recycling is a process re- Environmental sustainability 3 using materials (waste) into new products to Social acceptability 3 prevent wastage of potentially useful resources. Waste to energy Financial feasibility 1 9 Environmental sustainability 3 Waste to Energy method of waste Space and Land requirements 2
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON management has been one that has been Social acceptability 3 widely used in many European countries and it has proven to be sustainable. This method involves converting various types of waste streams collected for treatment into energy and various others by products.
Incineration Financial feasibility 3 11 Environmental sustainability 3 Incineration is a waste treatment Space and Land requirements 3 process that involves Social acceptability 2 the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 98 of 132
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ALTERNATIVE CRITERIA SCORE TOTAL systems are described as “thermal treatment”. Waste transfer station Financial feasibility 2 11 Environmental sustainability 3 A transfer station are facilities where Space and Land requirements 3 municipal solid waste is unloaded from Social acceptability 3 collection vehicles and briefly held while it is reloaded onto larger long-distance transport vehicles for shipment to landfills or other treatment or disposal facilities.
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON RECOMMENDATIONS:
None of the alternatives are significantly unacceptable for waste management except the waste to energy alternative which is excessively costly and is not viable in the short terms but has long term gains.
It is recommended that an integrated waste management solution is adopted, one that will be based on the community’s needs.
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11. MECHANISMS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IWMP The available instruments to deliver on the proposed plan include:
11.1. Partnerships For the rural municipalities the costs and needs of a sustainable waste management system are huge and hence require input and participation from various stakeholders. It is thus important for municipalities to form partnerships with different stakeholders to try and sustain and promote good waste management practices for all their community members. These could include:
Public-public Partnerships: This is a partnership between two public sector institutions or organisations where neither partner seeks profit from the partnership. A typical example of such a partnership could be in cases of operating regional waste facilities. All concerned municipalities would come together in the joint development of such a facility and share the costs. In this view, the Okhahlamba municipality intends to partner within the family municipalities within the district to ensure DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON
Public-private partnerships: This is normally a partnership between a public sector institution/organisation and a private company or party. The private company or party takes the financial risks for the project including capital costs, designing and building the facility as well as the operational costs. The land typically belong to the public entity with the fixed asserts sponsored by the private entity but ultimately becoming state property.
Public-community partnerships: This partnership includes members of the community receiving the service forming part of the partnership with the public entity giving the service. The municipality should encourage the communities to form local cooperatives that would be provide services such as recycling program
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11.2. Financial Instruments It is imperative that the financing of waste service is accurate for the required services. The municipal officials as well as general public often have little capacity and understanding of the full cost of waste service provision. This results in waste management services often being under budgeted and/or communities’ reluctance to pay the rightful cost of the service. Tariffs have the potential to fully cover the costs of providing the services, but the charges are often set below actual costs.
Some of the interventions that can be implemented include:
Undertaking a full cost accounting exercise for waste management services to include aspects of collection, transportation, landfill, street cleansing, fee collection, debt payment and depreciation.
Implementing recycling programmes will reduce the disposal costs and generate revenue for the municipality. The cost accounting exercise referred to
above could include the costs of these recycling programmes against theirDRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON gains in terms of real monetary returns as well as cost savings relating to increased landfill life span through saved air space.
The concept of “Pay-as-you-throw” may then be a better approach, where the service charge is proportional to the waste produced per household.
The municipality can source funding through potential avenues including; Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG) Rates, Extended Public Works Programme (EPWP), EPIP 11.3. Legislative Instruments The municipality shall prepare detailed by-laws to give legal and administrative framework pertaining waste management practices. The by-laws shall provide an indication on how the municipality intends to manage and regulate practices to ensure that waste is avoided, minimised and disposed in an environmentally friendly manner.
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12. IWM IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 12.1. Proposed Five (5) Year Implementation Plan – 2014 -19 Goals Targets Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Implementation Instruments 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 Human Equipment Finance Resource (EQP) (HR+EQP) (HR) Goal 1: Target 1: Number Number of Number of Number of Number of Communicati Media Funded by the Promote circulation of of awareness awareness awareness awareness ons person to Municipality waste pamphlets and awarenes initiatives initiatives initiatives initiatives assist the and EPIP minimisation, brochures on a s WMO undertaken undertake undertake undertaken re-use, monthly basis to initiatives recycling all rate payers, undertak annually n annually n annually annually and recovery schools and en businesses annually Target 2: School 10% 20% 20% 30% 30% Municipality Bins, To be funded recycling and Plastics, by the DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON Partnerships PPEs Municipality and EPIP Target 4: 10% 20% 20% 20% 20% Municipality Bins, To be funded Community and Plastics, by the Partnerships PPEs Municipality Recycling and EPIP (Clustered In Wards) Goal 2: Target 1 : 95% of 10% 15% 25% 20% 20% OLM, Private Bins, Municipality Ensure the urban households Sector and Plastics, and EPWP effective and and 75% of rural Community PPEs, efficient households have 10% 10% 15% 20% 20% Cooperatives Trucks delivery of access to waste adequate levels of services waste collection services Target 2: Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Dedicated IT Weighbridge Municipality Formalisation of person to Waste Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 102 of 132
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Goals Targets Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Implementation Instruments 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 Human Equipment Finance Resource (EQP) (HR+EQP) (HR) operations at the establish and records existing dump site maintain (WIS) Target 3: Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Outsources EPIP Establishment of a new landfill
Target4: 1n 1n 1n 1n Outsourced Facilities Municipality Establishment of and Plant Waste Transfer Stations
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON Goal 3: Target 1: Initiate 1n Outsourced Outsourced Municipality Growing the Waste to energy Through contribution projects various of the waste government sector to the grants green economy Target 2: Create 205n 215n 226n 237n 300n 1 Business - Through new jobs within Development various the OLM waste person to government sector assist WMO grants e. (EPWP, EPIP)
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Goals Targets Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Implementation Instruments 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 Human Equipment Finance Resource (EQP) (HR+EQP) (HR) Target 2: The 14n 24n - - - Outsourced - Through establishment of to community various SMME’s and groups government cooperatives grants participating in waste service delivery and recycling Goal 4: Target 1: Yes Financial - Funded by the Achieve Integrate IWMP Department/ municipality integrated with the IDP with IDP person waste clear budget and already in management time-lines OLM planning DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON employment Target 2: The 10% 20% 20% 20% 30% Municipal - Funded by the municipality Manager and municipality meeting its IWMP line function targets through managers monitoring and with WMO as review of the plan lead person Target 3: All - 50% 50% - - Dedicated IT Tools Funded by the waste person to municipality management establish and generators, maintain transporters and (WIS) managers are required to report to the OLM Waste Info System (WIS) Goal 5: Target 1: Full cost 50% 50% - - Financial - Funded by the Ensure accounting for Person as for municipality sound waste services Goal 5 Target Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 104 of 132
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Goals Targets Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Implementation Instruments 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 Human Equipment Finance Resource (EQP) (HR+EQP) (HR) budgeting 1. This may and financial be management outsourced in for waste first year of services implementati on of the plan Target 2: The 50% 50% As above, implementation of with cost reflective assistance of tariffs WMO Goal 6: Target 1: 10% 20% 30% 20% 20% Technical - Funded by the Effective Increase in the person municipality compliance number of referred to in with and enforcement DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON Goal 1 Target enforcement actions against 3 of the Waste non-compliant Act waste facilities Including the development of the Waste Management Bylaws Target 2: 1 1 EMI’s to - Funded by the Appointment of assist WMO municipality Environmental Management Inspectors (EMI) to enforce the Waste Act.
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12.2. Integrated Waste Management (IWM) Projects - current and proposed for the year 2014-19
The table below provides an outline of projects that are currently undertaken and the proposed projects to be implemented under IWM plan. These projects are aligned to each specific goal as per Table 7 above
Goal Projects Y1 (2014/15) Y2 (2015/16) Y3(2016/17) Y4 (2017/18) Y5 (2017/18) Funding Instrument Goal 1: School recycling R25 000 R26 250 R27 562 R28 940 R30 387 Municipal Funded Promote waste minimisation, re- use, recycling Community R30 000 R31 500 R33 075 R34 728 R36 465 Municipal Funded and recovery Recycling Awareness R221 760 R232 848 R244 490 R256 714 R269 550 Municipality and campaign EPIP (DEA)
Goal 2: New Landfill R5 100 000 R5 950 000 DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATIR5 ON 950 000 R0 R0 EPIP Ensure the Development effective and Formalisation of R1 500 000 R15 300 000 R15 300 000 R10 200 000 R10 200 000 Outsourced efficient delivery of waste operations at the services existing dump site Develop Waste R0 R3 352 500 R3 352 500 R3 352 500 R3 352 500 Other Transfer Station Government Grants Waste collection R450 000 R472 500 R496 125 R520 931 R546 977 Municipal Funded and street cleaning Goal 3: Growing Waste-to-energy R0 R0 R0 R0 R0 Outsourced the contribution
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Goal Projects Y1 (2014/15) Y2 (2015/16) Y3(2016/17) Y4 (2017/18) Y5 (2017/18) Funding Instrument of the waste projects This will be at no cost to the municipality as it will be outsourced to the fully competent experts sector to the green economy Goal 4: Achieve Review of the R60 000 R60 000 R63 000 R66 150 R69 457 Municipal Funded integrated waste IWMP management planning
Goal 5: Ensure Full-cost R100 000 R0 R0 R0 R0 Municipal Funded sound budgeting Accounting for and financial Waste Projects management for waste services Goal 6: Effective Development By- R60 000 R30 000 R0 R0 R0 Municipal Funded DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON compliance with laws and enforcement of the Waste Act TOTAL R 7 546 760 R22 455 598 R25 466 752 R14 499 963 R14 505 336
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13. COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT AND STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION The municipality is obliged by law to communicate openly with the locals and other interest groups (including other co-operative government) any matters pertaining public interest. Accordingly, several communication actions are needed to raise awareness about the integrated waste management practices. These actions include communications between government departments, within government departments, between the government and industry/businesses, and between the government and the public. It is the responsibility of the municipality to ensure that every person understands the importance of responsible waste management and is empowered to take part in initiatives with confidence. The municipality will utilise several measures to ensure that the information regarding waste management and practices are well communicated. Since the inception of the project (the formulation of the IWMP) a project steering committee was formulated to ensure public and political by-in from the start. This plan will further be communicated to the public during reviews and compaigns.
To date, the Steering committee comprises of the following members
Steering Committee Member Organization Ms. Mumtaz Asmal Ezulwini Berg Resort - Bergville DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON P. Gavin D.T.A S. Gavin Geluksburg Ratepayers Association V.N Mpukgose Bergville Ratepayers Association A.C Cole Winterton Ratepayers Association S. Asmal OLM T. Bell Central Drakensberg Ratepayers Association X.A Keswa OLM S.G Sithole PADP P. Ntumbo UDM D. Buthelezi DAEA L.Mazibuko DAEA Table 21: Steering Committee Register
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13.1. Consultation and Communication Process This plan and other related waste services will be communicated through the following medium: Public Participation: the process may be undertaken through various means such as: . Ward meetings: regular public meetings between municipal warden members and municipal residents . Community projects: This would assist to create a sense of pride within community environments, enable the communities to take responsibility for their immediate surroundings and the environment. Ultimately, this could minimise illegal dumping and ensuring a clean environment for all municipal residents. . Targeted door-to-door education campaigns could add value as a two-way communication method to create buy-in in areas where waste management can be improved . Reporting of incidents: providing a mechanism to report bad waste management practices, including e.g. poor service delivery and illegal dumping, will
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON give the public a sense of responsibility, and pride, in their immediate environment. . Any other organised public forums to share and educate the community about responsible waste management actions
Campaigns and Awareness using media: the information can be disseminated through various commination mode including; local newspapers, newsletters, flyers , educational material in collaboration with the Department of Education, presentations and hands-on shows at schools, e.g. a positive preventative message will make learners aware of how the environment should be protected and conserved.
It is also noted that while the municipality has the responsibility to ensure that the community complies with the acceptable standards for waste management and practices, it is also their responsibility to lead by example. This could be achieved by providing an enabling environment such as provision of clearly labelled bins for the purpose of separating recyclables from non-recyclables. The municipality shall ensure that waste facility centres are clean and tidy centres, the must
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14. IWMP REVIEW AND MONITORING The IWM is an ongoing plan with specific targets, accordingly, the detailed monitoring plan to assess the performance shall be developed. The monitoring plan shall entail all projects, budget and targets to be undertaken to satisfy each specific goal as discussed under Section 8 of this document. It is critical to note that this plan constitutes an essential and integral part of the planning process, therefore it must not be considered in isolation with the IDP. Ideally, this IWM plan should be review on annual basis in order to ensure that corrective measures are taken immediately. The monitoring will focus on the short-term objectives of the IWMP to ensure that corrective action can be taken where necessary.
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Table 22: Proposed Project Review and Monitoring Plan
Goal Projects Performance indicator/ Targets Responsibility Monitoring SHORT TERMS GOALS MEDIUM TERM LONG TERMS GOALS and Review GOALS Frequency Y1(2014/15) Y2 (2015/16) Y3(2016/17) Y4 (2017/18) Y5 (2018/19) Goal 1: School recycling 10% 20% 20% 30% 30% OLM Annual Promote waste minimisation, re- Community 10% 20% 20% 20% 20% OLM Annual use, recycling Recycling and recovery (Clustered in Wards) Awareness No. of campaigns undertaken on an annual basis. OLM Annual campaign Level of support on waste management initiatives and knowledge by communities
Goal 2: New Landfill Site Identified % Work % Work Complete % Work % Work Ensure the Development Complete Complete Complete DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON effective and efficient delivery Formalisation of Waste records Installation of All waste Full compliance Commence OLM Annual of waste operations at the a weighbridge management to waste Rehabilitation of services existing dump site generators, management the Site transporters and and operation of managers are a landfill site required to report to the OLM Waste Info System (WIS)
Develop Waste 1n 1n 1n 1n OLM Annual Transfer Station Goal 3: Growing Waste-to-energy - - 1n - - Outsourced Annual the contribution projects of the waste sector to the green economy Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 111 of 132
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Goal Projects Performance indicator/ Targets Responsibility Monitoring SHORT TERMS GOALS MEDIUM TERM LONG TERMS GOALS and Review GOALS Frequency Y1(2014/15) Y2 (2015/16) Y3(2016/17) Y4 (2017/18) Y5 (2018/19) Goal 4: Achieve Integrated Waste Integrate the All waste The municipality The municipality The municipality OLM Annual integrated waste Management IWMP within managemen meets 25% of its meets 35% of its meets 40% of management the IDP with t generators, IWMP IWMP its IWMP planning clear budget transporters, commencing in commencing in commencing in and and 2014 2014 2014 time-lines by managers are the 2015 IDP required to Performance commence Review period reporting to the OLM WIS by end of 2015
Goal 5: Ensure Full-cost Accounting OLM to OLM to review ReviewDRAFT NOT FORof CIRC ULATI ON Budgets Review of Review of OLM Annual sound budgeting for Waste Projects conduct full- existing tariffs and existing tariffs Budgets and Budgets and and financial cost and implement existing tariffs existing tariffs management for accounting for cost reflective waste services waste tariffs services. Goal 6: Effective Development By- Successful % increase in Number of EMIs The municipality The municipality OLM Annual compliance with laws enforcement the number of dealing with waste meets 50 % of its meets 50 % of and enforcement actions against successful management IWMP its IWMP of the Waste Act non-compliant enforcement issues commencing in commencing in waste actions against 2014 2014 generators, non-compliant transporters facilities and managers commencing 2015
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15. IWMP APPROVAL The IWMP is a living document which has to be reviewed on an on-going basis. An IWMP is intrinsically linked to the IDP hence its review cycle should be aligned with that of the IDP process. An annual update is encouraged to ensure that the IWMP remains relevant and effective. This will also facilitate the updating of the IWMP in view of the targets set in the plans/strategies/policies as per the Action Plan developed in this IWMP. A longer review period may result in the IWMP being less relevant and hence stakeholders losing faith in it and finally not using it.
16. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This plan forms an integral part of the municipal Integrated Development Planning, accordingly its alignment to the other municipal sector or departmental plans (e.g. Housing Sector Plan) is vital for the municipality to ensure proper service delivery. The proposed implementation plan serves to guide delivery of the
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON identified projects. The proposed monitoring and evaluation plan will also assist in monitoring and assessing the performance of the municipality in terms of the timeframe that has been set to deliver on the identified waste projects.
The intention of this IWM plan is not to duplicate or burden the Okhahlamba Local Municipality with administrative tasks and unrealistic expectations, but rather to promote a culture of skills development and capacity building within the respective organisations. This will assist the municipality to improve on the current status as it relates to waste services and practice.
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17. REFERENCE
CSIR.2011. Municipal Waste Management Good Practices Edition 1. Pretoria: CSIR
CSIR.2011.Municipal Waste Management Good Practices. Pretoria: CSIR
Department of Environmental Affairs .n .d. Guideline for the development of Integrated Waste Management Plans (IWMP’s).Pretoria: Department of Environmental Affairs
Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism South Africa .n. d. Guideline on Waste Collection in High Density and Un-serviced Areas. Pretoria: Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism South Africa
Department of Environmental Affairs. 2009. Generic Guideline Document for preparing Industry Waste Management Plan. Pretoria: Department of Environmental Affairs
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON Department of Environmental Affairs. 2010. National Waste Management Strategy. Pretoria: Department of Environmental Affairs
Department of Environmental Affairs. 2011. National Domestic Waste Collection Standards (Notice 21 of 2011). Government Gazette No 33935: 21 January (online). Available: http://
Department of Environmental Affairs. 2011. National Policy for the provision of Basic Refuse Removal Services to Indigent Households (Notice 413 of 2011). Government Gazette No 34385: 22 June (online). Available: http://
Department of Environmental Affairs. 2012. Draft Standards for Assessment of Waste for Landfill Disposal (Notice 613 of 2012). Government Gazette No 35572: 10 August (online). Available: http://
Department of Environmental Affairs.2012. National Waste Information Baseline Report. Pretoria, South Africa: Department of Environmental Affairs
Department of environmental Affairs.2013.NEMA Waste Classification and Management Regulations (Regulation 36784 of 2013). Government Gazette No 10008: 23 August (online).Available: http://
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DWAF. 1998. Minimum Regulations for Waste Disposal by Landfill. Pretoria, RSA: DWAF
Dwaf.1998.Minimum Regulations for Classification and Disposal of Hazardous Waste, Pretoria, RSA: DWAF
Hyder Consulting. 2006. Audi for Selected Rural Council Landfill Facilities. Melbourne, Austratlia: Hyder Consulting
Okhahlamba Local Municipality. 2013. Integrated Development Plan Review. Okhahlamba: Okhahlamba Local Municipality
Okhahlamba Local Municipality. 2013. Spatial Development Framework. Okhahlamba: Okhahlamba Local Municipality
SRK Consulting (Pty) Ltd. 2013. Hazardous Waste Management Plan, Final Status Quo Report. Pietermaritzburg: SRK Consulting (Pty) Ltd
UNEP.2009. Developing Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan Training Manual. Japan: UNEP
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LIST OF DEFINITIONS
A basic waste Means to have access to at least once-a-week refuse removal services. management service
"Acceptable means the exposure of the maximum permissible exposure" concentration of a substance to the environment that will have a minimal negative 30
effect on health or the environment;
"Associated when referred to in Schedule 1, structures and infrastructure" means any building or infrastructure that is necessary for the functioning of a DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON facility or waste management activity or that is used for an ancillary service or use from the facility; 35
"Best practicable means the option that provides the environmental option" most benefit or causes the least damage to the environment as a whole, at a cost acceptable to society, in the long term as well as in the short term;
Biodegradable Capable of being decomposed by living matter, especially bacteria.
"Building and means waste, excluding hazardous waste, demolition waste" produced during the construction, alteration, repair or demolition of any structure, 40
and includes rubble, earth, rock and wood displaced during that construction,
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alteration, repair or demolition;
"Business waste" means waste that emanates from premises that are used wholly
or mainly for commercial, retail, wholesale, entertainment or government
administration purposes; 45
Buy-back Centre meansalocationwherediscardedmaterialscanbeexchangedformoneyforfurthertransportationtoarecyclingfacility.Thepriceforthewastei sdeterminedbythecurrentmarketsandthequantitiesofwaste.
"By-product" means a substance that is produced as part of a process that is
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON primarily intended to produce another substance or product and that has the
characteristics of an equivalent virgin product or material;
"Clean production" means the continuous application of integrated preventative
environmental strategies to processes, products and services to increase overall efficiency and to reduce the impact of such processes, procedures and services on health and the environment;
"Commence" means the start of any physical activity, including site preparation or
any other activity on the site in furtherance of" a waste management activity, but does not include any activity required for investigation or feasibility study purposes as long as such investigation or feasibility study does not constitute a waste management activity:
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Communal Landfill Is the smallest landfill classification with a capacity of less than 25 tonnes per day.
Composting Is the controlled aerobic biological decomposition of organic matter, such as food scraps and plant matter, into humus, a soil- like material. Aerobics the decomposition process in the presence of oxygen.
Confirmation of Site Is the initial step in the DWEA permitting process that establishes the basic site features and general feasibility for a fully Feasibility permitted landfill.
"Constitution" means the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996;
"Container" means a disposable or re-usable vessel in which waste is placed for the purposes of storing, accumulating, handling, transporting, treating or disposing of that waste, and includes bins, bin-liners and skips;
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"Contaminated" in relation to Part 8 of Chapter 4, means the presence in or under any land, site, buildings or structures of a substance or micro- organism above the concentration that is normally present in or under that land, which substance or micro-organism directly or indirectly affects or may affect the quality of soil or the environment adversely;
Controlled landfill Is a solid waste management facility used for the disposal of non-hazardous domestic waste and non-infectious medical waste, which employs compaction of wastes, covering of waste with soil cover material, and the management of leachate and gaseous materials produced by the organic decomposition of the landfilled waste, all in such a manner as not to harm human health and minimize negative impacts to the environment.
Cradle to cradle Means substances and products shall be designed and managed such that environmental impact is avoided or minimized during waste generation, treatment (recycling), collection, transport and final disposal.
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Daily cover is a daily application and compaction of approximately 15 centimeters of soil intended to control blowing litter, odours, flies, rats and fires, intended for an exposure of less than one week.
"Decommissioning" in relation to waste treatment, waste transfer or waste disposal facilities, means the planning for and management and remediation of the closure of a facility that is in operation or that no longer operates;
"Department" means the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism;
"Disposal" means the burial, deposit, discharge, abandoning, dumping, placing or release of any waste into, or onto, any land;
"Domestic waste" means waste, excluding hazardous waste, that emanates from premises that are used wholly or mainly for residential, educational, health care, sport or recreation purposes;
Effluent A stream flowing from a larger stream, lake, sewerage tank, industrial process.
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON "Environment" has the meaning assigned to it in section 1 of" the National Environmental Management Act;
"Environment means the Environment Conservation Act,1989 (Act No, 73 of 1989); Conservation Act"
Environmental Impact An investigation to determine the potential detrimental or beneficial impact on the surrounding communities, fauna, flora, water, soil Assessment (EIA) and air arising from the development or presence of a waste disposal site.
"Environmentally means the taking of all practicable steps to ensure that waste is managed in a manner that will protect health and the environment; sound management"
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Feasible Acceptable, capable of being used or implemented successfully, without unacceptably damaging the environment.
Final Cover isanapplicationandcompactionofsoilonthelandfillafterithasreacheditsdesignedelevation.Thefinalcoversoilshallberelativelyimper meableandhaveathicknessofapproximately50centimeters.
"Gazette" when used in relation to— (a) the Minister, means the Government Gazette; and (b) the MEC, means the Provincial Gazette of the province concerned;
"General waste" means waste that does not pose an immediate hazard or threat to health or to the environment, and includes—
(a) domestic waste;
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON (b) building and demolition waste;
(c) business waste: and
(d) inert waste;
General Waste A landfill that can accept General Waste. Hazardous Waste may not be disposed of at a General Waste Landfill Landfill
Groundwater is all water existing or flowing under the ground surface
"Hazardous waste" means any waste that contains organic or inorganic elements or compounds that may, owing to the inherent physical, chemical or toxicological characteristics of that waste, have a detrimental impact on health and the environment;
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High income group meanshouseholdswhichfallwithintheLivingStandardMeasure(LSM)of5–10)
"High-risk activity" means an undertaking, including processes involving substances that present a likelihood of harm to health or the environment;
"Holder of waste" means any person who imports, generates, stores, accumulates, 5 transports, processes, treats, or exports waste or disposes of waste;
"Import" means any entry into the Republic other than entry for transit;
Inert Waste means waste that-
doesnotundergoanysignificantphysical,chemicalorbiologicaltransformationafterdisposal;
doesnotburn,reactphysicallyorchemicallybiodegradeorotherwiseadverselyafDRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON fectanyothermatterorenvironmentwithwhichitmaycomeint ocontact;and
doesnotimpactnegativelyontheenvironment,becauseofitspollutantcontentandbecausethetoxicityofitsleachateisinsignificant;
"Incineration" means any method, technique or process to convert waste to Hue gases and residues by means of oxidation;
"Industry" includes commercial activities, commercial agricultural activities, 10 mining activities and the operation of power stations;
"Industry waste means a plan referred to in Part 7 of Chapter 4; management plan"
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"Inert waste" means waste that—
(a) does not undergo any significant physical, chemical or biological transformation after disposal;
(b) does not burn, react physically or chemically biodegrade or otherwise
adversely affect any other matter or environment with which it may come into
contact; and
(c) does not impact negatively on the environment, because of its pollutant
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON content and because the toxicity of its leachate is insignificant;
"Integrated waste means a plan prepared in terms of section 12; management plan"
"Investigation area" means an area identified as such in terms of section 37;
Leachate Is the liquid by-product of organic decomposition of land filled waste or any liquid that comes in contact with solid waste in a sanitary landfill.
Landfill Means an appropriately designed, engineered and authorized waste disposal facility.
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Landfill Is a system under the DWAF Minimum Requirements for classifying landfill according to the type and size (TPD) of the Classification landfill, and its potential for significant leachate generation.
Landfill gas Is the gaseous by-product of organic decomposition of landfilled waste. Landfill gas contains significant concentrations of methane gas, which is explosive at concentrations exceeding 5 percent.
Leachate The collection and drainage of leachate to a point where it can be extracted for treatment. This requires a system of under-drains Management and liners and, in certain instances, is synonymous with containment.
"Licensing authority" means an authority referred to in section 43 and that is 25 responsible for implementing the licensing system provided for in
Chapter 5; DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON
"Life cycle means a process where the potential environmental effects or impacts of a product or service throughout the life of that product or assessment" service is being evaluated;
Low income group Means households which fall within the Living Standard Measure (LSM) of 1–5
Materials Recovery Means a centre for the reception and transfer of materials recovered from the waste stream for recycling. Materials are sorted by Facility type and treated (cleaning and compression).
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Medical waste isanywastegeneratedbyhospitals,clinics,nursinghomes,doctor'soffices,medicallaboratories,researchfacilitiesandveterinarians,w hichareinfectiousorpotentiallyinfectious;
"MEC" means the Member of the Executive Council of a province who is 30 responsible for waste management in the province;
"Minimization" when used in relation to waste, means the avoidance of the amount and toxicity of waste that is generated and. in the event where waste is generated, the reduction of the amount and toxicity of waste that is disposed of
Minimum A standard by means of which environmentally acceptable waste disposal practices can be distinguished from environmentally Requirement unacceptable waste disposal practices. DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON "Minister" means the Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism; 35
"Municipality" means a municipality established in terms of the Local Government: Municipal Structures Act, 1998 (Act No. 117 of 1998):
"Municipal Systems means the Local Government: Municipal Systems Act, 2000 (Act No. 32 of 2000); Act"
"National means the National Environment Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act No. 107 of 1998); Environmental Management Act"
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"non- substantive", in relation to the amendment or substitution of a regulation, notice, strategy, licence, approval, or provision thereof, includes—
(a) any clerical mistake, unintentional error or omission;
(b) the correction of any miscalculated figure; and 45
(c) the correction of any incorrect description of any person, thing, property or
waste management activity;
Operator Is the person or organisation responsible for the operation of the landfill. The operator may be the owner, another public agency or private contractor.
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON "Organ of state" has the meaning assigned to it in section 239 of the Constitution;
Owner isthepersonororganisationthatownsthepropertyand/orfacilitiesthatconstitutethelandfill
Permit The permit issued by the Department of Water Affairs & Forestry for the operation or closure of a landfill, in terms of Regulation 1549, promulgated under the Environment Conservation Act (Act 73 of 1989).
Permeability The rate at which fluid will pass through a porous material under a unit flow gradient. The constant of proportionality K in Darcy's (Primary) Law is measured in m3/year, m2/year or m/year.
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"Person" has the meaning assigned to it in the Interpretation Act, 1957 (Act No. 33 of 1957), and includes an organ of state; 50
"Pollution" has the meaning assigned to it in section I of the National Environmental Management Act;
"Prescribe" means prescribe by regulation under this Act;
"Priority waste" means a waste declared to be a priority waste in terms of section 14; 55
"Recovery" means the controlled extraction of a material or the retrieval of energy from waste to produce a product:
"Recycle" means a process where waste is reclaimed for further use, which process involves the separation of waste from a waste stream for further use and the processing of that separated material as a product or raw material;
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON "Re-use" means to utilise articles from the waste stream again for a similar or Different purpose without changing the form or properties of the articles; 5
"SANS 10234" means the latest edition of the South African National Standard Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals {GHS)
Scavenging Is the unauthorized separation of solid waste for recyclable materials and food for human consumption.
Separation at Source meanstheseparationofrecyclablematerialfromotherwasteatthepointandtimethewasteisgenerated.Thisincludesseparationofrecyclable materialintoitscomponentcategoriesandmayincludefurtherseparationwithineachcategory.
Significant Factors or considerations are termed significant when they are important, because they are of consequence. For example, they will have a detectable influence on a process, the environment, or the end result.
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Solid Waste Is any facility used for the transportation, processing or disposal of solid waste, and includes transfer stations, recycling Management facility facilities, composting facilities, waste incinerators, and sanitary landfills.
Sorting Is the authorized separation of solid waste materials for the purpose of recycling or disposal, either at the source of generation or at a solid waste management facility.
Special waste Is a non-hazardous waste, which due to its nature requires special or separate handling at a sanitary landfill. Special wastes include but are not limited to tires, asbestos, demolition waste, industrial sludge of a non-hazardous nature, paper mill sludge, olive oil waste, abattoir wastes and petroleum waste oil.
"Specific has the meaning assigned to it in section I of the National Environmental Management Act; environmental management Act"
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON "Storage" means the accumulation of waste in a manner that does not constitute treatment or disposal of that waste;
Surface water Is all water in or coming from a water source, which is found on the surface of the ground, excluding water under the surface of the ground and seawater.
"Sustainable has the meaning assigned to it in section I of the 10 National Environmental Management Act; development" "this Act" includes—
(a) any regulations made in terms of this Act;
(b) any notice or other subordinate legislation issued or made in terms of this Act:
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and " 15
(c) any regulation or direction that remains in force in terms of section 81;
"the Act" means the National Environmental Management: Waste Act, 2008 {Act No. 59 of 2008);
Transfer Station Is a facility that receives solid waste from collection vehicles and reloads that waste into larger vehicles for transfer to a disposal or processing facility.
"Treatment" means any method, technique or process that is designed t o— 20
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON (a) change the physical, biological or chemical character or composition of a
waste; or
(b) remove, separate, concentrate or recover a hazardous or toxic component of a
waste; or
(c) destroy or reduce the toxicity of a waste, 25
in order to minimise the impact of the waste on the environment prior to further use
or disposal:
Water Balance Is a method for determining the potential for significant leachate generation, which includes climatic conditions (rainfall and
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evaporation) and site condition.
"Waste" means any substance, whether or not that substance can be reduced, re-used, recycled and recovered-
(a) that is surplus, unwanted, rejected, discarded, abandoned or disposed of; 30
(b) which the generator has no further use of for (he purposes of production;
(c) that must be treated or disposed of; or
(d) that is identified as a waste by the Minister by notice in the Gazette, and includes waste generated by the mining, medical or other sector, but—
(i) a by-product is not considered waste; and 35
(ii) any portion of waste, once re-used, recycled and recovered, ceases to be
DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON waste;
Waste Avoidance Means to employ efficiency- centredactionsthatremoveorreducetheneedtoconsumematerialsinthefirstplaceandhenceavoidthegenerationofwaste, but deliver the same outcome. Avoidance is at the top of the waste hierarchy.
Waste Body This refers to the body of waste (and cover) that is contained in the landfill. Because it is subject to decomposition, it has the potential to generate leachate and must therefore be adequately separated from the water regime.
"Waste classification" means establishing-
whether a waste is hazardous based on the nature of its physical , health and environmental hazardous properties (hazard classes)’ and
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the degree or severity of hazard posed (hazard categories)
"Waste disposal means any site or premise used for the accumulation of waste with the purpose of disposing of Thai waste at that site or on that facility" premise;
"Waste generator" Means any person whose actions, production processes or activities, including waste management activities, results in the generation of waste.
Waste Hierarchy Is a concept promoting waste avoidance ahead of recycling and disposal, the waste hierarchy is recognised as promoting management of wastes in the order of preference: avoidance, reduce, reuse, recycle, recover and disposal.
"Waste manager" means any person that re-uses, recycles, recovers, treats or disposes of waste;
"Waste management means any activity listed in Schedule 1 or 40 activity" published by notice in the Gazette under section 19,DRAFT and NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON includes—
(a) The importation and exportation of waste;
(b) the generation of waste, including the undertaking of any activity or process
that is likely to result in the generation of waste:
(c) the accumulation and storage of waste; 45
(d) the collection and handling of waste;
(f) the trading in waste; Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 130 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 ([>) the transportation of waste; (Ii) the transfer of waste; 50 (i) the treatment of waste; and (j) the disposal of waste; "Waste management means a waste management control officer designated under section 58(1); control officer" Waste management Means a place. Infrastructure, structure or containment of any kind, wherein, upon or at, a waste management activity takes place facility and includes a waste transfer station, container yard, landfill site, incinerator, a lagoon, recycling or composting facility. "Waste management means a licence issued in terms license" DRAFT NOT FOR CIRC ULATI ON "Waste management means a waste management officer designated in terms of section 10; officer" "Waste management means waste collection, treatment, recycling and disposal services; services" "Waste minimization means a programme that is intended to 5 Promote the reduced generation and disposal of waste; programme" Waste prevention the prevention and avoidance of the production of a waste, perhaps by regulation. Waste stream a continuous flow of waste from an industry, an activity, process or group Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 131 of 132 Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the Okhahlamba Local Municipality: 2014/15 "waste transfer means a facility that is used to accumulate and temporarily store waste before it is transported to a recycling, treatment or waste facility" disposal facility; "waste transporter" means any person who conveys or transfers waste- (a) between the waste generator and a waste management facility; or {b) between waste management facilities. (2) The term waste in these Regulations has the meaning as assigned by the Act and is deemed to include both general waste and hazardous waste "waste treatment means any site that is used to accumulate waste for the 10purpose of storage, recovery, treatment, reprocessing, recycling or facility" sorting of that waste. Working area Is the area of the landfill where waste is unloaded,DRAFT NOT FOR CIRCc ULATI ONo mpacted and covered. It generally includes adequate space for several trucks to unload at the same time, for waste compaction and storage of cover soil. Transporter A person, organisation, industry or enterprise engaged in or offering to engage in the transportation of waste. Treatment the treatment of waste to reduce volume or hazardousness Pravin Amar Development Planners (PADP) Page 132 of 132