ASSESSMENT OF THE TECHNICAL FRAMEWORK – PART A

Project: South-East European Digital Television

Acronym: SEE Digi.TV

Version R-1.1; Date: 6.3.20112

DOCUMENT HISTORY Version Status Date Author Comments Approved by

R-1.1 1st revision 06.03.2012 RTR Amendments Project manager A-1.0 Approved 30.11.2011 RTR Approved version Project manager

CONTENT

0 Structure of the Report ...... 4 1 Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting...... 4 1.1 DVB-T ...... 4 1.1.1 Basics of DVB-T ...... 4 1.1.2 Technical description of a DVB-T transmitter ...... 6 1.1.3 Technical description of the receiver ...... 8 1.1.4 Countries and territories using DVB-T ...... 9 1.2 DVB-T2 ...... 10 1.2.1 Preliminary investigation on DVB-T2 ...... 10 1.2.2 The DVB-T2 specification...... 11 1.2.3 The standard ...... 11 1.2.4 System differences with DVB-T ...... 11 1.2.5 Technical details ...... 12 2 Digital Terrestrial Sound Broadcasting ...... 15 2.1 DAB, DAB+ and DMB ...... 15 2.1.1 Benefits of DAB+...... 16 2.1.2 Success of DAB+ ...... 16 2.2 DRM / DRM+ ...... 17 2.2.1 System Summary ...... 17 2.2.2 Laboratory and field measurements ...... 18 2.2.3 Combined Transmission of DRM+ and FM Signals ...... 18 2.3 RAVIS ...... 19 2.4 HD Radio ...... 20 2.4.1 System Summary ...... 20 2.4.2 Receivers ...... 21 2.4.3 Regulatory Aspects ...... 21 2.5 FMeXtra ...... 23 3 National information to the questionnaire ...... 24 Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 2/84

3.1 General statements on sound and TV broadcasting transmission ...... 24 3.1.1 Frequency allocation sound and/or TV broadcasting ...... 24 3.1.2 Situation of the frequency band 790 – 862 MHz ...... 25 3.1.3 Summary of the various reception possibilities ...... 25 3.2 Answers to the terrestrial analogue transmission ...... 27 3.2.1 Sound broadcasting ...... 27 3.2.2 TV broadcasting ...... 28 3.3 Statements on digital transmission ...... 29 3.3.1 Digital sound broadcasting ...... 29 3.3.2 Digital TV broadcasting ...... 30 4 Annex ...... 31 4.1 Comments from Albania to the questionnaire ...... 31 4.2 Comments from Austria to the questionnaire...... 37 4.3 Comments from Bosnia and Herzegovina to the questionnaire ...... 44 4.4 Comments from Croatia to the questionnaire ...... 49 4.5 Comments from Hungary to the questionnaire ...... 56 4.6 Comments from Italy to the questionnaire ...... 62 4.7 Comments from Macedonia to the questionnaire ...... 68 4.8 Comments from Montenegro to the questionnaire ...... 73 4.9 Comments from Serbia to the questionnaire ...... 79 4.10 Comments from Slovenia to the questionnaire ...... 80

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0 Structure of the Report

Chapter 1 describes the current available technologies for digital terrestrial TV broadcasting. After some general remarks the subsections deal with a detailed description of the transmitting and receiving path of the appropriate standards.

Chapter 2 describes the different possible technologies for digital terrestrial sound broadcasting and provides some additional information to laboratory and field measurements as well as regulatory aspects.

Chapter 3 summarizes the given information from the participating countries.

Chapter 4 includes the detailed information to the questionnaire from each country.

1 Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting

The Digital Video Broadcasting Project (DVB) is an industry-led consortium of around 250 broadcasters, manufacturers, network operators, software developers, regulatory bodies and others in over 35 countries committed to designing open technical standards for the global delivery of digital television and data services.

Services using DVB standards are available on every continent with more than 600 million DVB receivers deployed. The DVB Worldwide section offers country-by-country news stories and an overview of where DVB technology has been deployed. 1.1 DVB-T

DVB-T is an abbreviation for Digital Video Broadcasting — Terrestrial; it is the DVB European- based consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television that was first published in 1997 and first broadcast in the UK in 1998. This system transmits compressed digital audio, digital video and other data in an MPEG transport stream, using coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (COFDM or OFDM) modulation.

Following the official DVB-T Logo:

1.1.1 Basics of DVB-T

Rather than carrying the data on a single radio frequency carrier, OFDM works by splitting the digital data stream into a large number of slower digital streams, each of which digitally modulate a set of closely spaced adjacent carrier frequencies. In the case of DVB-T, there are two choices for the number of carriers known as 2K-mode or 8K-mode. These are actually 1,705 or 6,817 carriers that are approximately 4 kHz or 1 kHz apart.

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DVB-T offers three different modulation schemes (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM).

DVB-T has been adopted or proposed for digital television broadcasting by many countries (see map), using mainly VHF 7 MHz and UHF 8 MHz channels whereas Taiwan, Colombia, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago and the Philippines use 6 MHz channels.

The DVB-T Standard is published as EN 300 744, Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television. This is available from the ETSI website, as is ETSI TS 101 154, Specification for the use of Video and Audio Coding in Broadcasting Applications based on the MPEG-2 Transport Stream, which gives details of the DVB use of source coding methods for MPEG-2 and, more recently, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC as well as audio encoding systems. Many countries that have adopted DVB-T have published standards for their implementation. These include the D-book in the UK, the Italian DGTVi, the ETSI E-Book and Scandivia NorDig.

DVB-T has been further developed into newer standards such as DVB-H (Handheld), now in operation, and DVB-T2, which was recently finalised (see chapter 1.2).

DVB-T as a digital transmission delivers data in a series of discrete blocks at the symbol rate. DVB-T is a COFDM transmission technique which includes the use of a Guard Interval. It allows the receiver to cope with strong multipath situations. Within a geographical area, DVB-T also allows single-frequency network (SFN) operation, where two or more transmitters carrying the same data operate on the same frequency. In such cases the signals from each transmitter in the SFN needs to be accurately time-aligned, which is done by syncronisation information in the stream and timing at each transmitter referenced to GPS (global positioning system).

The length of the Guard Interval can be chosen. It is a trade off between data rate and SFN capability. The longer the guard interval the larger is the potential SFN area without creating intersymbol interference (ISI). It is possible to operate SFNs which do not fulfill the guard interval condition if the self-interference is properly planned and monitored.

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1.1.2 Technical description of a DVB-T transmitter

With reference to the figure, a short description of the signal processing blocks follows.

Source coding and MPEG-2 multiplexing (MUX): compressed video, compressed audio, and data streams are multiplexed into MPEG program streams (MPEG-PSs). One or more MPEG- PSs are joined together into an MPEG transport stream (MPEG-TS); this is the basic digital stream which is being transmitted and received by TV sets or home Set Top Boxes (STB). Allowed bitrates for the transported data depend on a number of coding and modulation parameters: it can range from about 5,0 to about 32,0 Mbit/s (see the following figure for a complete listing).

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Splitter: two different MPEG-TSs can be transmitted at the same time, using a technique called Hierarchical Transmission. It may be used to transmit, for example a standard definition SDTV signal and a high definition HDTV signal on the same carrier. Generally, the SDTV signal is more robust than the HDTV one. At the receiver, depending on the quality of the received signal, the STB may be able to decode the HDTV stream or, if signal strength lacks, it can switch to the SDTV one (in this way, all receivers that are in proximity of the transmission site can lock the HDTV signal, whereas all the other ones, even the farthest, may still be able to receive and decode an SDTV signal).

MUX adaptation and energy dispersal: the MPEG-TS is identified as a sequence of data packets, of fixed length (188 bytes). With a technique called energy dispersal, the byte sequence is decorrelated.

External encoder: a first level of error correction is applied to the transmitted data, using a non- binary block code, a Reed-Solomon RS (204, 188) code, allowing the correction of up to a maximum of 8 wrong bytes for each 188-byte packet.

External interleaver: convolutional interleaving is used to rearrange the transmitted data sequence, in such a way that it becomes more rugged to long sequences of errors.

Internal encoder: a second level of error correction is given by a punctured convolutional code, which is often denoted in STBs menus as FEC (Forward error correction). There are five valid coding rates: 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, and 7/8.

Internal interleaver: data sequence is rearranged again, aiming to reduce the influence of burst errors. This time, a block interleaving technique is adopted, with a pseudo-random assignment scheme (this is really done by two separate interleaving processes, one operating on bits and another one operating on groups of bits).

Mapper: the digital bit sequence is mapped into a base band modulated sequence of complex symbols. There are three valid modulation schemes: QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM.

Frame adaptation: the complex symbols are grouped in blocks of constant length (1512, 3024, or 6048 symbols per block). A frame is generated, 68 blocks long, and a superframe is built by 4 frames.

Pilot and TPS signals: in order to simplify the reception of the signal being transmitted on the terrestrial radio channel, additional signals are inserted in each block. Pilot signals are used during the synchronization and equalization phase, while TPS signals (Transmission Parameters Signalling) send the parameters of the transmitted signal and to unequivocally identify the transmission cell. The receiver must be able to synchronize, equalize, and decode the signal to gain access to the information held by the TPS pilots. Thus, the receiver must know this information beforehand, and the TPS data is only used in special cases, such as changes in the parameters, resynchronizations, etc.

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Spectrum of a DVB-T signal in 8k mode:

OFDM Modulation: the sequence of blocks is modulated according to the OFDM technique, using 2048, 4096, or 8192 carriers (2k, 4k, 8k mode, respectively). Increasing the number of carriers does not modify the payload bit rate, which remains constant.

Guard interval insertion: to decrease receiver complexity, every OFDM block is extended, copying in front of it its own end (cyclic prefix). The width of such guard interval can be 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, or 1/4 that of the original block length. Cyclic prefix is required to operate single frequency networks, where there may exist an ineliminable interference coming from several sites transmitting the same program on the same carrier frequency.

DAC and front-end: the digital signal is transformed into an analogue signal, with a digital-to- analogue converter (DAC), and then modulated to radio frequency (VHF, UHF) by the RF front- end. The occupied bandwidth is designed to accommodate each single DVB-T signal into 5, 6, 7, or 8 MHz wide channels. The base band sample rate provided at the DAC input depends on the channel bandwidth: it is fs=8/7*B samples/s, where B is the channel bandwidth expressed in Hz.

1.1.3 Technical description of the receiver

The receiving STB adopts techniques which are dual to those ones used in the transmission.

 Front-end and ADC: the analogue RF signal is converted to base-band and transformed into a digital signal, using an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC).

 Time and frequency synchronization: the digital base band signal is searched to identify the beginning of frames and blocks. Any problems with the frequency of the components of the signal are corrected, too. The property that the guard interval at the end of the symbol is placed also at the beginning is exploited to find the beginning of a new OFDM symbol. On the other hand, continual pilots (whose value and position is determined in the standard and thus known by the receiver) determine the frequency offset suffered by the signal. This frequency offset might have been caused by Doppler effect, inaccuracies in either the transmitter or receiver clock, and so on.

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 OFDM demodulation  Frequency equalization: the pilot signals equalize the received signal  Demapping  Internal deinterleaving  Internal decoding: uses the Viterbi algorithm  External deinterleaving  External decoding  MUX adaptation  MPEG-2 demultiplexing and source decoding

1.1.4 Countries and territories using DVB-T

For additional information on DVB see: http://www.dvb.org For additional information on terrestrial TV see: http://www.digitag.org/ For additional information on Radio Broadcast Technology see: http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/broadcast/ For additional information on DVB see: http://www.wikipedia.org

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1.2 DVB-T2

DVB-T2 is an abbreviation for Digital Video Broadcasting – Second Generation Terrestrial; it is the extension of the television standard DVB-T (see chapter 2.1), issued by the consortium DVB, devised for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television.

This system transmits compressed digital audio, video, and other data in "physical layer pipes" (PLPs), using OFDM modulation with concatenated channel coding and interleaving. The higher offered bit rate, with respect to its predecessor DVB-T, makes it a suited system for carrying HDTV signals on the terrestrial TV channel (though many broadcasters still use plain DVB-T for this purpose).

It is currently broadcasting in UK (Freeview HD, four channels), Italy (Europa 7 HD, twelve channels), Sweden (five channels), Ukraine (32 SD and HD channels in four nationwide multiplexes) and some other countries.

1.2.1 Preliminary investigation on DVB-T2

In March 2006 DVB decided to study options for an upgraded DVB-T standard. In June 2006, a formal study group named TM-T2 (Technical Module on Next Generation DVB-T) was established by the DVB Group to develop an advanced modulation scheme that could be adopted by a second generation digital terrestrial television standard, to be named DVB-T2.

According to the commercial requirements and call for technologies issued in April 2007, the first phase of DVB-T2 would be devoted to provide optimum reception for stationary (fixed) and portable receivers (i.e., units which can be nomadic, but not fully mobile) using existing aerials, whereas a second and third phase would study methods to deliver higher payloads (with new aerials) and the mobile reception issue. The novel system should provide a minimum 30% increase in payload, under similar channel conditions already used for DVB-T.

The BBC, ITV, Channel 4 and Five agreed with the regulator Ofcom to convert one UK multiplex (B, or PSB3) to DVB-T2 to increase capacity for HDTV via DTT. They expected the first TV region to use the new standard would be Granada in November 2009 (with existing switched over regions being changed at the same time). It was expected that over time there would be enough DVB-T2 receivers sold to switch all DTT transmissions to DVB-T2, and H.264.

Ofcom published its final decision on April 3, 2008 for HDTV using DVB-T2 and H.264: BBC HD would have one HD slot after digital switchover (DSO) at Granada. ITV and Channel 4 had, as expected, applied to Ofcom for the 2 additional HD slots available from 2009 to 2012.

Ofcom indicated that it found an unused channel covering 3.7 million households in London, which could be used to broadcast the DVB-T2 HD multiplex from 2010, i.e., before DSO in London. Ofcom indicated that they would look for more unused UHF channels in other parts of the UK, that can be used for the DVB-T2 HD multiplex from 2010 until DSO.

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1.2.2 The DVB-T2 specification

The DVB-T2 draft standard was ratified by the DVB Steering Board on June 26, 2008, and published on the DVB homepage as DVB-T2 standard “BlueBook”. It was handed over to the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) by DVB.ORG on June 20, 2008. The ETSI process resulted in the DVB-T2 standard being adopted on September 9, 2009. The ETSI process had several phases, but the only changes were text clarifications. Since the DVB-T2 physical layer specification was complete, and there would be no further technical enhancements, receiver VLSI chip design started with confidence in stability of specification. A draft PSI/SI (program and system information) specification document was also agreed with the DVB-TM-GBS group.

1.2.3 The standard

The following characteristics have been devised for the T2 standard:

 COFDM modulation with QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, or 256-QAM constellations.  OFDM modes are 1k, 2k, 4k, 8k, 16k, and 32k. The symbol length for 32k mode is about 4 ms.  Guard intervals are 1/128, 1/32, 1/16, 19/256, 1/8, 19/128, and 1/4. (For 32k mode, the maximum is 1/8.)  FEC is concatenated LDPC and BCH codes (as in DVB-S2), with rates 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, and 5/6.  There are fewer pilots, in 8 different pilot-patterns, and equalization can be based also on the RAI CD3 system.  In the 32k mode, a larger part of the standard 8 MHz channel can be used, adding about 2% extra capacity.  DVB-T2 is specified for 1.7, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 MHz channel bandwidth.  MISO (Multiple-Input Single-Output) may be used (Alamouti scheme), but MIMO will not be used. Diversity receivers can be used (as they are with DVB-T).  Multiple PLP to enable service specific robustness.  Bundling of more channels into a SuperMUX (called TFS) is not in the standard, but may be added later.

1.2.4 System differences with DVB-T

For instance, a UK MFN DVB-T profile (64-QAM, 2k mode, coding rate 2/3, guard interval 1/32) and a DVB-T2 equivalent (256-QAM, 32k, coding rate 3/5, guard interval 1/128) allows for an

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increase in bit rate from 24.13 Mbit/s to 35.4 Mbit/s (+46.5%). Another example, for an Italian SFN DVB-T profile (64-QAM, 8k, coding rate 2/3, guard interval 1/4) and a DVB-T2 equivalent (256-QAM, 32k, coding rate 3/5, guard interval 1/16), achieves an increase in bit rate from 19.91 Mbit/s to 33.3 Mbit/s (+67%).

1.2.5 Technical details

The processing workflow is as follows:

 Input pre-processing o Physical Layer Pipe (PLP) creation: adaptation of Transport Stream (TS), Generic Stream Encapsulation (GSE), Generic Continuous Stream (GCS), or Generic Fixed- length Packetized Stream (GFPS)  Input processing o Mode adaptation . Single PLP (mode 'A'): data are assembled in groups called BaseBand Frames (BBFRAMEs), with lengths of Kbch bits, defined by modulation and coding (MODCOD) parameters, in a 'normal' length or 'short' length version . Input interface . CRC-8 encoding . BaseBand (BB) header insertion . Multiple PLPs (mode 'B') . Input interface . Input stream synchronization . Delay compensation . Null packets deletion . CRC-8 encoding . BB header insertion o Stream adaptation . Single PLP (mode 'A') . Padding insertion . BB scrambling: a Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) with 14 15 generator 1 + x + x is used to scramble completely every BBFRAME . Multiple PLPs (mode 'B') . PLP scheduling . Frame delay . In-band signaling or padding insertion . BB scrambling  Bit Interleaved Coding and Modulation (BICM) o Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding: each BBFRAME is converted into a FECFRAME of Nldpc bits, by adding parity data. Normal FECFRAMEs are 64,800 bits long, whereas short FECFRAMEs are 16,200 bits long. The effective code rates are 32,208/64,800 (1/2), 38,688/64,800 (3/5), 43,040/64,800 (2/3), 48,408/64,800 (3/4), 51,648/64,800 (4/5), 53,840/64,800 (5/6) . Outer encoding: a BCH code, capable to correct 10 or 12 errors per FECFRAME, is used to compute parity data for the information data field. The BCH generator polynomial is of the 160th, 168th, or 192nd grade . Inner encoding: a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code is cascaded to the BCH

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o Bit interleaving . Parity bits block interleaving . Twist column interleaving o Bit demultiplexing to cell words

Constellation map of the rotated 256-QAM modulation (tilt angle is 3.57 degrees).

o Gray mapping of cell words to constellations: either QPSK (4-QAM), 16-QAM, 64- QAM, or 256-QAM maps are used o Constellation rotation and cyclic quadrature (Q) delay: optionally, the constellations may be tilted counterclockwise by an amount of up to 30 degrees. Furthermore, the quadrature (imaginary) part of the cells is cyclically shifted by one cell o Cell interleaving o Time interleaving  Frame building: the transmitted stream is organized in super frames, which are composed by T2 frames and FEF (Future Extension Frame) parts o Cell mapping: cells are mapped to OFDM symbols. A T2 frame is composed by a P1 symbol, one or more P2 symbols, regular data symbols, and a Frame Closing symbol (for certain configuration parameters). The P1 symbol is used for synchronization purposes, the P2 symbols convey L1 parameter configuration signaling, whereas the data symbols carry PLP data (there are three types: common PLPs, type 1 PLPs, and type 2 PLPs), auxiliary streams, and dummy symbols used as space filler o Frequency interleaving: random interleaving is done on every OFDM symbol (except P1)  OFDM generation o Multiple-Input Single-Output (MISO) processing: Alamouti pre-processing is

optionally applied to pairs of OFDM symbol cells. Given ai the input cells, and transmitter group 1 and 2 cells, the mapping is done as and for

group 1, and as and for group 2 o Pilot insertion and dummy tone reservation: three classes of pilot tones are added. They are either continual (fixed position), scattered (cyclically moving position), or edge (boundary positions). There are 8 different configuration for scattered pilots (PP1 ... PP8). Moreover, a number of dummy carriers are not modulated and reserved to reduce the dynamic range of the DVB-T2 output signal (it helps to combat nonlinear phenomena in power amplifiers during broadcast).

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o Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT): classic IDFT is used to switch from the frequency domain into the time domain, after having adjusted carrier position relevant to the central transmit frequency. 1k (1024) to 32k (32768) carriers are available. There is also an extended mode, which allows to fill more data in the available bandwidth, using more active carriers and reducing the number of guard band (null) carriers. o Peak-to-Average-Power-Ratio (PAPR) reduction o Guard interval insertion: a cyclic prefix is inserted before the IDFT symbol, to recover from transmit channel echoes (multipath). Lengths from 1/128 to 1/4 of the IDFT length are allowed. o P1 symbol insertion: the P1 symbol is a particularly crafted 1k OFDM symbol, always inserted at the head of a T2 frame. It conveys few bits of information (spread, scrambled and DBPSK modulated), as it is mainly dedicated to fast synchronization (both in time and in frequency) at the receiver side. It is prepended and postpended by frequency shifted repetitions of itself, to ease receiver lock even if the nominal center frequency of the T2 signal is up to 500 kHz off. o Digital-to-Analog Conversion (DAC): the T2 samples are converted into an analog BB complex (I&Q) signal at a sample rate that depends on the channelization bandwidth. For instance, in 8 MHz wide channels, the complex sample time is 7/64 μs.

For additional information on DVB see: http://www.dvb.org For additional information on terrestrial TV see: http://www.digitag.org For additional information on Radio Broadcast Technology see: http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/broadcast/ For additional information on DVB see: http://www.wikipedia.org

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2 Digital Terrestrial Sound Broadcasting

2.1 DAB, DAB+ and DMB

When the original DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) was first developed in the late 1980s, it was based on MPEG Audio Layer II coding, which was then state of the art and is still a commonly used coding technology in radio nowadays. The used frequency band for the “DAB Family” is the VHF Band III.

Since then, MPEG Audio Layer III, better known as MP3 has conquered the market of digital music players and radio streams. Even though still the most successful technology on the market, MP3 has already been overtaken in efficiency and performance by MPEG-4 (AAC). This development called for an additional audio coding system in DAB which would allow for more efficiency at lower bitrates - hence the birth of DAB+.

Another important innovation was the addition of video/multimedia capabilities to Digital Audio Broadcasting, allowing DAB to become a digital mobile television platform DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) as well as a multimedia digital radio platform.

Both for DMB and DAB+ the technical basis remains to be DAB. In other words, the physical layer is still the same, just new applications, new transport protocols and a second error control coding layer was added. All three technologies can therefore be used alongside each other on one multiplex and basically use the same infrastructure, so there is a whole range of possible multiplex scenarios.

DAB+ is based on the original DAB Standard but uses a more efficient audio codec. Whereas DAB uses MPEG Audio Layer II (better known as MP2), DAB+ uses HE_AAC v2 (better known as MP4 or AAC+). This allows equivalent or better subjective audio quality to be broadcast at lower bit rates. The increased efficiency offers benefits for Governments and Regulators (even better spectrum efficiency), broadcasters (lower costs per station) and consumers (a wider choice of stations).

DAB+ is designed to provide the same functionality as the original DAB radio services including services following (e.g. to the same service on another DAB ensemble or its FM simulcast), traffic announcements and PAD multimedia data (e.g. dynamic labels such as title artist information or news headlines; complementary graphics and images etc.).

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2.1.1 Benefits of DAB+

 Latest PEG-4 audio codec delivers exceptional performance efficiency  More stations can be broadcast on a multiplex  Greater station choice for consumer  More efficient use of radio spectrum  Lower transmission costs for digital stations  New receivers backwards compatible with existing MPEG Audio Layer II broadcasts  Current MPEG Audio Layer II services and consumers unaffected  Compatible with existing scrolling text and multimedia services  Robust audio delivery  Optimised for live broadcast radio  Broadcasters/regulators can select either standard MPEG Audio Layer II, or the additional audio coding, or both, to suit their country  Fast re-tuning response time (low zapping delay)  MPEG Surround is possible

2.1.2 Success of DAB+

Many countries around the world have acknowledged the benefits of DAB+ for their indvidual markets. The Australian Government has announced DAB+ as the official digital radio standard in the country, with a commercial roll out being succesfully implemented from May 2009, and Malta became the first European country to launch a DAB+ network in 2008. Other countries such as Italy, Germany, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, Malaysia and China have also expressed their interest in rolling out commercial DAB+ services. Test and trials are being carried out around the world. Manufacturers are also ensuring DAB+'s quick roll out with an increasing number of DAB+ receivers in the market.

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2.2 DRM / DRM+ 2.2.1 System Summary DRM, Digital Radio Mondiale, is a digital radio standard, approved by the DRM consortium in 1998. The consortium developed this digital transmission system for AM-band, i.e. for long-, medium- and short waves (up to 30 MHz, DRM 30 Mode A-D) and launched this system worldwide.

The extension of the DRM system family to upper frequency bands up to 174 MHz, called DRM+ (DRM Mode E) is standardized under ETSI ES 201980 V3.1.1 (2009-02-16). DRM+ is a spectrum efficient system with a bit rate capacity up to 186 kbps at only 96 kHz bandwidth. The COFDM modulation techniques combined with the appropriate use of a guard interval enables single frequency network (SFN) operation, and robust mobile reception up to 300 km/h also in multipath environments.

For the use in Band II DRM+, as part of the DRM optimised configurations across all bands, offers the following:  Compatibility with the existing European raster based on 200 kHz channels for FM. At 100 kHz the DRM + sits comfortably in the allocation and can be placed where there is space within this spectrum allocation  Efficiency. DRM+ is extremely efficient because within each 200 kHz channel it can carry up to 8 stereo programmes  Flexibility. DRM+ can trade quality against bandwidth and transmission power for coverage.  Flexibility Plus. DRM+ allows for new possibilities and supports features like surround sound and advanced data applications  Interoperability. DRM+ like the whole DRM system is interoperable with the World DMB family,  linking to each other across services and sharing these with the DAB platform in a seamless fashion for the listener  SFN. DRM+ enables SFN for larger area coverage

The data services, multiplexing and signalling schemes are the same as in the earlier established part of the DRM standard. A wide range of possible data rates from 37 to 186 kbit/s allows for a flexible use of the multiplex with respect to the number and type of programs (audio, data, video) adjusted to the broadcasters’ requirements and preferences. Up to four radio services with excellent sound quality (MPEG4 HE-AAC v2.0) including 5.1 surround sound can be transmitted within a single the DRM+ signal. In addition to the audio services several kinds of service information like MOT, TPEG, EPG, Journaline, text messages etc. can be transmitted. Many of the multimedia services are also standardised in DAB/DAB+ and DRM. DRM+ can be perfectly combined with the existing FM/DRM/DAB/DAB+ transmission networks and ensures switching (also seamless) between different programs at the receiver side. The DRM System is an open standard. Due to its small bandwidth it fits very well into the European FM raster.

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2.2.2 Laboratory and field measurements The evaluation tests of DRM+ system show the following results in addition to the main DRM+ properties:  DRM+ fulfills the transmitter mask defined for ITU Region 1 and it fully complies with the European 100 kHz frequency raster.  DRM+ can be used to migrate existing analogue VHF FM stations as well as to introduce new digital stations in the VHF FM broadcasting scenario.  The radio services of the public authorities and organizations with security tasks, which use the frequency range just below the VHF FM band, is not interfered by DRM+. Also, the aeronautical radio navigation devices, operating in the frequency band right above the VHF FM band, are not affected.  DRM+ SFNs can be introduced in the actual FM band in a compatible way and exhibit high coverage reliability even at lower TX powers than FM. Furthermore, frequencies can be freed, which then become available for other broadcasters. All these benefits of DRM+ facilitate the soft analogue to digital switch-over.  DRM+ could also be used in the VHF Band III, where tests have been successfully performed. http://www.drm-radio-kl.eu/symposium2010/symposium2010en.htm

2.2.3 Combined Transmission of DRM+ and FM Signals A close placement of DRM+ signal to an FM signal is possible and can be flexibly configured depending on the existing use of spectrum. In this way, DRM+ may be introduced into the FM frequency bands.

Figure A1-1: Example configuration for DRM robustness mode E and FM signal

Figure A1-1 shows that the DRM+ signal can be placed closely above or below the existing FM signal. To guarantee the respective protection levels and audio quality of the FM signal, the

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carrier frequency distance Δf and the power level difference ΔP of the FM and the DRM+ signals can be planned accordingly. Δf can be chosen according to a 50 kHz channel raster. Δf >= 150 kHz is recommended. ΔP can be varied flexibly; however, a ΔP > 20dB is recommended for the minimum Δf = 150kHz. Two transmission configurations are possible: the analogue (FM) and digital (DRM+) signals can be combined and transmitted via the same antenna; or the two signals can be transmitted from different antennas. Different configurations for the DRM+ signal are possible. The DRM+ signal can have the same program as the FM service, a different program or the same program as well as additional programs. If the same program is available via DRM+ and FM, alternative frequency switching (AFS) flag should be sent in the service description channel (SDC) of the transmission multiplex allowing for a support of heterogeneous networks. Figure A1-2 shows some example configurations.

Figure A1-2: Example configuration with 2 FM Stations and DRM robustness mode E

2.3 RAVIS The digital mobile narrowband multimedia terrestrial broadcasting system RAVIS (Realtime AudioVisual Information System, former AVIS) has been developed for the purpose of efficiency enhancement of utilization of spectrum bands used now for audio FM broadcasting, i.e. VHF Bands I and II. RAVIS allows to deliver digital data with bit rates from 150 to 900 kbps through one 200 or 250 kHz bandwidth radiofrequency channel. Thus, it is possible to transmit over one channel more than 10 stereophonic audio programs, or video program with several audio channels. In this case audio program quality will be not worse than quality of analogue audio FM broadcasting. RAVIS provides for steady mobile reception (up to 250 km/h) in urban environment, in the districts with difficult topography, in mountainous and dense forested areas, in water areas, that is under conditions characterized by multipath propagation, without direct visibility of transmitting antenna and so forth. The advanced technologies are used for video and audio information encoding such as MPEG-4 AVC (ISO/IEC 14496-10) and MPEG-4 HE-AAC (ISO/IEC 14496-3) standards. Advanced channel encoding combined with COFDM modulation provided for high spectrum efficiency. Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 19/84

Flexible choice of channel encoding and modulation parameters (forward error correction encoding rate, constellation pattern, guard interval length) provides possibility for steady broadcasting in various conditions (big or small city, countryside etc.), including single-frequency networks (SFN) implementation. Within the limits of available bitrate it is possible to choose various configurations of transmitted services, including audio programs, video programs, still images, text messages and other additional data. The channel bandwidth used by the system allows to deploy it using frequency arrangements of European FM broadcasting, particularly simultaneously with analogue FM broadcasting or with other narrowband digital terrestrial broadcasting systems. General description of the system can be found also in the ITU-R Report ВТ.2049-2 (Appendix 5 – Digital narrowband multimedia broadcasting system AVIS). The system has passed laboratory and field trials. 2.4 HD Radio 2.4.1 System Summary iBiquity Digital’s HD Radio™ technology offers a digital upgrade path to broadcasters in VHF FM (88 – 108 MHz) Band II. By employing the composition of signals offered by HD Radio, broadcasters are able to transmit multiple configurations of digital signals along with the analogue FM signals . Figures A1-3 and A1-4 represent, one configuration of VHF HD Radio waveforms for hybrid operation (where digital and analogue signals are broadcast together) one configuration of and the full-digital system, once the analogue has been turned off, respectively. Other configurations allow broadcasting only one digital band (Upper or Lower) along with the analogue FM signal, and broadcasting the digital bands each at a different power.

The advantages of this approach include:  the ability to support new digital receivers while retaining backward compatibility with existing analogue receivers,  affordable conversions that utilize much of a radio station’s existing equipment and infrastructure,  retention of brand equity and dial position,  a conversion path that is gradual for radio stations and seamless to listeners, and  a potential migration to all-digital services when conditions are favourable (e.g. when digital receiver penetration is sufficient).

In FM Hybrid Mode HD Radio signals may occupy from one band of 70 kHz and up to two bands of 100 kHz each, in addition to the existing analogue signal (see Figure A1-3).

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Figure A1-3: The graph indicates the extended-hybrid mode (MP11) configuration. A different hybrid configuration can be used in the same example, using MP1 mode by eliminating the Extended Hybrid carriers. (see Figure A1-5)

Figure A1-4: The graph represents one configuration of the all-digital operation. See Figure A.1-5 for throughput options

The technology presently supports eight HD Radio audio channels, utilizing the HD Radio operating mode MP38(see Figure A1-5), in addition to multiple data services. The system architecture supports more than eight digital audio channels (in the all-digital mode) in addition to multiple data services. The technology supports Single Frequency Network (SFN) operation. 2.4.2 Receivers Currently there are approximately two and a half million receivers in use, with over one hundred different models certified by approximately sixty manufacturers to receive the signals of approximately 2000 HD-Radio stations, globally. There are various types of receivers including table top units, automobile aftermarket, automobile original-equipment-manufacturers (OEM), component units for high-end use, and portable. 2.4.3 Regulatory Aspects HD Radio system employs a composition of signals. It may include the existing analogue signal and it may include digital bands, at specific allocations, as allowed by GE84. Each signal complies with the spectral emission mask defined by ITU. ITU has designated the FM HD Radio system as Digital System C, a recommended system for digital sound broadcasting in the VHF bands (Recommendation ITU-R BS.1114). iBiquity, along with EHDRA (European HD Radio Alliance) is also currently working with both ECC and ETSI. To Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 21/84

support this, numerous successful field trials have taken place in Europe with published results including Germany and Switzerland. As part of this work, iBiquity is contemplating some additional operating modes specifically intended for use in Europe and were filed as part of an ETSI System Reference Document (SRDoc).

Figure A1-5: The graph indicates the various operating modes and their bit-rate throughputs. These modes are user selectable, and may be changed at any time desired

Note: some future modes are shown, but not commercially supported at this time.

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2.5 FMeXtra FMeXtra differs significantly from systems above in that a digital signal is incorporated into the FM multiplex signal. A base band signal is generated which contains the FM stereo signal, RDS and a digital multi-carrier part. This multiplex signal is then modulated onto the RF carrier in the standard FM manner with a maximum data rate of 50 kbits/sec. The advantage of this type of digital signal is that it fits very well into the European FM raster. No SFN operation is possible with the FMeXtra system. The

Figure A1-6: FMeXtra

For additional information on DAB+ see: www.worlddab.org For additional information on DRM+ see: www.drm.org For additional information on HD-Radio see: www.hd-radio.ch/en/index.html and www.ibiquity.com/index.php For additional information on FMeXtra see www.dreinc.com For additional information also see: www.cept.org

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3 National information to the questionnaire

Within the following chapters and subsections the answers to the questionnaire are structured in different tables. The tables include only the key information part of the topic in the header. The detailed information with additional description to the various topics can be found in chapter 4.

3.1 General statements on sound and TV broadcasting transmission

3.1.1 Frequency allocation sound and/or TV broadcasting

In the following table the abbreviation “S” means the usage of sound broadcasting and the abbreviation “TV” means the usage of television broadcasting.

Country 47-68 87,5-108 174-230 470-862 1452-1479,5 MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz Albania - S S TV - Austria TV S S TV S/TV1 Bosnia and TV S S/TV TV S Herzegovina Croatia TV S S/TV TV S Hungary TV S TV TV - Italy TV S TV TV S Macedonia TV S S/TV TV S Montenegro - S S/TV S/TV S Serbia x x x x x Slovenia - S S/TV S/TV2 S1

1 The L-band can be used for multimedia services, including sound and television broadcasting 2 Within the DVB transport stream data could be representing sound or television broadcasting Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 24/84

3.1.2 Situation of the frequency band 790 – 862 MHz Country Situation concerning the digital dividend spectrum 790-862 MHz Albania No decision yet; the digital dividend spectrum will be available after 2015; National strategy is expected at the end of December 2011; existing analogue and digital channels in use; also planned to use digital channels; replanning is needed Austria Auction is foreseen for the middle of the year 2012; DVB-T2 test transmission on the transmitter site WIEN 1 on channels 60 and 65 till the end of October 2013 Bosnia and No decision yet; no analogue TV channels in operation; spectrum is planned Herzegovina for the introduction of MUX A and B; replanning activities are necessary Croatia No decision yet; no usage of channels above 60 for TV at the moment Hungary No decision yet; activities in line with EU principles; analogue and digital broadcasting in operation Italy Future usage for broadband mobile services Macedonia After 01th June 2013 primary allocated for mobile systems Montenegro No specific decision/act; usage for analogue broadcasting Serbia x Slovenia No decision yet; usage for digital broadcasting

3.1.3 Summary of the various reception possibilities In the following table the abbreviation “a” stands for the percentage of households for analogue reception and the abbreviation “d” stands for the percentage of households for digital reception.

Country Cable Satellite Terrestrial IPTV Albania - a.80% - - a.30% a.2% Austria d.5% d.4% d.10% d.49% Bosnia and

Herzegovina Croatia a.+d.9,7% a.+d.5,6% d.62,4% d.22,3% a.42% a.16% Hungary d.23% - d.17% d.2% a.29% Italy d.2,8% d.33% d.2,8% d.35% a.54,7% a.2,0% a.31,5% Macedonia d.4,6% d.5,0% d.8,2% d.7,0% Montenegro3 d.9,1% d.17,9% a.39,1% d.24,0% Serbia x x x x Slovenia a.36% d.3% d.17% d.39%

3 For MNE, in addition to figures indicated in the table above, 9,9% households receive digital signals via MMDS technology. Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 25/84

d.5%

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3.2 Answers to the terrestrial analogue transmission

3.2.1 Sound broadcasting

Country Analogue Number of Regional/Local Number of Number of system Nationwide Networks transmitter sites transmitter sites Networks for each to cover 70 % nationwide network Albania FM 4 74 19/19/14/20 19/19/19/19 Austria FM 5 70 260/290/260/33/120 3 Bosnia and FM 3 145 19/14/13 8 Herzegovina Croatia FM 6 164 76/76/39/41/43/20 17/17/39/41/43/14 Hungary FM 5 119 49/17/16/11/16 49/17/16/11/16 Italy FM 20 1000 * Macedonia FM 6 77 100/18-25 10/15 Montenegro FM 6 49 22-23/12-17 11-36 Serbia x x x x x Slovenia FM 3 83 54 30

*… The number of transmitters are given as percentage on the total: RAI 30% ELEMEDIA 17% GRUPPO FINELCO 9,5% RADIO ITALIA 5,2% ASSOCIAZIONE RADIO MARIA 11% RTL 102,5 6,8% RDS 4,2% NUOVA RADIO 2,8% MONRADIO 1% ALL OTHERS: 13,5%

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3.2.2 TV broadcasting

Country Analogue Number of Regional/Local Number of Number of system Nationwide Networks transmitter sites for transmitter Networks each nationwide sites to network cover 70 % Albania PAL 3 87 314+/1/32/38 30/30/30/30 Austria PAL 3 8 470/470/18 3 Bosnia and PAL 1 15/29 185 9 Herzegovina Croatia PAL 4 21 373/371/168/239 10 Hungary PAL 3 43 19/12/13 19/12/13 Italy PAL 10 600 ** 175 Macedonia PAL 8 56 100/20-25 10/20 Montenegro PAL 9 14 130/11-36 130/11-36 Serbia x x x x x Slovenia PAL 5 7 32-230 25

**… RAI1: 1869 RAI2: 1827 RAI3: 1781 CANALE 5: 1559 ITALIA 1: 1465 RETE 4: 1316 La7: 686 MTV: 395 RETE A: 192 TBS: 175

Country Specified analogue turn off date? Albania 31th December 2015 (new postponed date!) Austria 07th June 2011 Bosnia and Not yet decided Herzegovina Croatia ATO was 5th October 2010 for national broadcasters and for regional/local broadcasters was completed by 31th December 2010 Hungary ATO is planned for the end of 2012, but not later than 2014; no ATO for sound broadcasting Italy ATO is planned for the mid/end of 2012 Macedonia 31th May 2013 Montenegro 31th December 2012 Serbia x Slovenia 01st December 2010

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3.3 Statements on digital transmission

3.3.1 Digital sound broadcasting

Country Planning Transmission Nationwide Reception Regional / Pilot to start System MUX for Mode Local sound Projects starting broadcasting phase Albania NA DAB NA NA NA NA Portable- Austria NA DAB+/DRM+ NA NA NA indoor Bosnia and NA DAB NA NA NA NA Herzegovina Since Portable- 1997; Croatia 2012 DAB+/DVB-T2 2 NA indoor transmitter- site Sljeme Three Since Portable- Hungary DAB+ 1 NA transmitter 2008 indoor sites Since Up to 11 Several Italy DAB+/DMB 3 Portable 2009 blocks mux Macedonia NA DAB/DAB+ 2+2 Mobile NA NA Montenegro NA NA 3 NA NA NA Serbia x x x x x x One Slovenia NA NA NA NA NA transmitter site

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3.3.2 Digital TV broadcasting

Country Planning to Transmission Nationwide Reception Regional / start System MUX for Mode Local starting phase National 01st January Portable- Albania DVB-T 4 strategy end 2013 outdoor Dec. 2011 26th October Portable- Austria DVB-T 2/3 1 2006 outdoor Bosnia and Portable- NA DVB-T 2/4 3/2 Herzegovina outdoor MUX D Croatia May 2009 DVB-T/T2 Fixed consists of 2 networks Under Hungary 2008 DVB-T 3/2 Fixed specification Italy 2003 DVB-T/T2 16+5 Fixed *** 04th June Portable- Macedonia DVB-T 3/8 1 2009 indoor Fixed (portable- End of indoor in the Montenegro 2011/Begin DVB-T2 1 most NA of 2012 populated areas – RPC2) Serbia x x x x x DVB-T Slovenia 2006 2/4 Fixed - MPEG 4

***… One-third of resources for local television Must-carry for local Network/Mux operators. Contest for Mux selection foreseen in each Italian region. Provisions are defined in Italian Laws.

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4 Annex

4.1 Comments from Albania to the questionnaire

1.) General questions on sound and TV broadcasting transmission:

Q1- Which frequency bands are allocated for sound and/or TV broadcasting? Please specify in the table below with “X”.

sound television Band I (47-68 MHz) Band II (87,5-108 MHz) X Band III (174-230 MHz) X Band IV/V (470-862 MHz) X L-Band (1452-1479,5 MHz)

Additional comments (e.g. current and future usage, strategies)?

Q2- Did you already decide about the future usage of the frequency band 790-862 MHz (digital dividend)? When will the digital dividend spectrum be available for mobile services?

There is no decision taken about the future usage of the frequency band 790-862 MHz. The digital dividend will be available after 2015.

Additional comments (e.g. national strategies, roadmaps, status of current discussions)?

The national strategy is expected to be approved by the end of December 2011

Q3- Please give an overview of the actual and future usage of the digital dividend spectrum (e.g. usage of channels above 60, analogue/digital, to free the spectrum from broadcasting services).

Actually the digital dividend spectrum is used by: - Existing Analogue channels - Existing digital channels (not in the approved plan) - Planned digital channels (about 13 % of the total digital assignments) To free the DD spectrum, re-planning digital plan needed

Q4- How many households receive their TV programs via terrestrial, cable, satellite and IPTV? Please specify in the table below

Total number of TV HH: There has no official data yet.

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Cable Satellite Terrestrial IPTV Analogue (in 80 % of TV HH) Digital (in % of TV HH)

2.) Questions to the current or past terrestrial analogue transmission:

2.a.) Questions to sound broadcasting

Q5- Which system is used for analogue transmission?

Please specify: FM

Q6- How many nationwide networks are in operation?

Please specify: 4 (four)

Additional comments?

1. Radio Tirana (public) 2. Radio Tirana 2 (public) 3. Top Albania Radio 4. Radio+2

Q7- How many regional / local networks are in operation?

Please specify: 74 (seventy-five)

Additional comments?

 Radio Gjirokastra (public)  Radio Korca (public)  Radio Shkodra (public)  5 (five) radio with repeaters  53 (fifty-three) local radio  16 ( sixteen) regional radio

Q8- How many transmitter sites are in operation for each nationwide network?

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1. Radio Tirana (public) - 19 (nineteen) transmitter sites 2. Radio Tirana 2 (public) - 19 (one) transmitter sites 3. Top Albania Radio - 14 (fourteen) transmitter sites 4. Radio +2 - 20 (twenty) transmitter sites

Additional comments?

Q9- How many transmitter sites are necessary to reach approximately 70 % population coverage?

Please specify for each nationwide network

1. Radio Tirana (public) - 19 2. Radio Tirana 2 (public) - 19 3. Top Albania Radio - 19 4 Radio +2 - 19

Additional comments (e.g. high power high tower network, private broadcaster, public broadcaster)?

2.b.) Questions to TV broadcasting

Q10- Which system is / was used for analogue transmission?

Please specify: PAL

Q11- How many nationwide networks before starting digital transmission are/were in operation?

Please specify: 3 (Three)

1. TVSH (public) 2. Top Channel 3. TV Klan

Additional comments?

Q12- How many regional / local networks are/were in operation?

Please specify: 1 + 3 (three) regional public + 83 (eighty- three) private

 TVSH 2 (public)  TV Gjirokastra (public)  TV Korca (public)

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 TV Shkodra (public)  1 (one) TV with repeaters  57 (fifty - seven) local TV  25 (twenty – five) regional TV

Additional comments?

Q13- How many transmitter sites are/were in operation for each nationwide network?

Please specify:

1. TVSH (public) - 14 (fourteen) transmitter sites + over 300 repeaters 2. TVSH 2 - 1 (one) transmitter site 3. Top Channel - 32 (thirty-two) transmitter sites 4. TV Klan - 38 (thirty- eight) transmitter sites

Additional comments?

Q14- How many transmitter sites are/were necessary to reach approximately 70 % population coverage?

Please specify for each nationwide network:

1. TVSH (public) - 30 2. TVSH 2 - 30 3. Top Channel - 30 4. TV Klan - 30

Additional comments (e.g. high power high tower network, private broadcaster, public broadcaster)?

Q15- When is/was the ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? Do you plan an ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting?

Please specify: According to the existing law no.9742, dated 28.05.2007 “On digital broadcasting in the Republic of Albania”, the terrestrial broadcasting should be closed down on 31 January, 2012.

Additional comments?

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3.) Questions to the digital transmission:

3.a.) Questions to sound broadcasting Q16- When did you or have you planned to start with digital transmission?

Please specify: NA

Q17- Which transmission system is planned or will be used?

Please specify: T-DAB

Additional comments (e.g. average data rate per program)?

Q18- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase?

Please specify: NA

Q19- What reception mode (mobile/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage?

Please specify: NA

Q20- Strategy for regional / local sound broadcasting?

Please specify: NA

Q21- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions?

Please specify: NA

3.b.) Questions to TV broadcasting

Q22- When did you or have you planned to start with digital transmission?

Please specify: According to the existing law no.9742, dated 28.05.2007 “On digital broadcasting in the Republic of Albania”, the digital transmission should start on 1 January, 2013.

Q23- Which transmission system is planned or will be used?

Please specify: DVB-T

Additional comments (e.g. modulation scheme, guard interval, code rate, encoding technique, average data rate per program)?

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System variant: C2 Modulation: 64-QAM Code rate: 2/3 Guard interval: ¼ Net bit rate: 19.91 Mbps

Q24- What reception mode (fixed/portable-outdoor/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage?

Please specify : portable outdoor

Additional comments?

Q25- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase?

Please specify: 4 Starting phase: Public broadcaster: 1 MUX Private broadcasters: 3 MUX-es Local private: 1 layer (11 MUX)

Q26- Strategy for regional / local TV?

Please specify:

The national strategy is expected to be approved by the end of December 2011

Q27- Strategy for free / pay TV platforms?

Please specify (e.g. scrambling, business model):

No specific strategy for pay TV platforms

Q28- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions?

Please specify:

There is no pilot project. There are unlicensed digital broadcasts in place (Digitalb covers more than 1/3 of population with terrestrial digital broadcasting)

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4.2 Comments from Austria to the questionnaire

1.) General questions on sound and TV broadcasting transmission:

Q1- Which frequency bands are allocated for sound and/or TV broadcasting? Please specify in the table below with “X”.

sound television Band I (47-68 MHz) see comments a.) Band II (87,5-108 MHz) X Band III (174-230 MHz) X Band IV/V (470-862 MHz) X L-Band (1452-1479,5 MHz) see comments b.)

Additional comments (e.g. current and future usage, strategies)? a.) Band I was only used for analogue TV broadcasting and there will be no use for digital TV broadcasting. The National Frequency Allocation Plan defines TV broadcasting as a possible service, but there is no decision yet of the future usage of Band I. b.) L-band can be used for multimedia services, including sound and television broadcasting.

Q2- Did you already decide about the future usage of the frequency band 790-862 MHz (digital dividend)? When will the digital dividend spectrum be available for mobile services?

Yes, the auction for the digital dividend is planned for the middle of the year 2012.

Additional comments (e.g. national strategies, roadmaps, status of current discussions)?

Q3- Please give an overview of the actual and future usage of the digital dividend spectrum (e.g. usage of channels above 60, analogue/digital, to free the spectrum from broadcasting services).

The frequency band 790 to 862 MHz was used in the past for the simulcast period till the end of 2007. Some small transmitters and gap fillers also used channels above 60 for analogue TV. On a temporary basis channel 65 can be used on the transmitter site WIEN 1 for DVB-T2 transmissions till the end of October 2013. A certain amount of radio microphones operate in this frequency band on a licence period of one year.

Q4- How many households receive their TV programs via terrestrial, cable, satellite and IPTV? Please specify in the table below

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Total number of TV HH4: 3.526.000

Cable Satellite Terrestrial IPTV Analogue (in 30 2 % of TV HH) Digital (in % of 10 49 5 4 TV HH)

2.) Questions to the current or past terrestrial analogue transmission:

2.a.) Questions to sound broadcasting

Q5- Which system is used for analogue transmission?

Please specify: FM system is used

Q6- How many nationwide networks are in operation?

Please specify: 5

Additional comments?

Three nationwide networks with around 97% population coverage are in operation for the public programs Ö1, Ö2 and Ö3 by the Austrian public broadcaster ORF. One nationwide network with around 85% population coverage is in operation for the public program FM4 by the Austrian public broadcaster ORF. One nationwide network with around 90% population coverage is in operation for one commercial broadcaster (“Kronehit Radio”).

Q7- How many regional / local networks are in operation?

Please specify: around 70

Additional comments?

We distinguish three groups of licences: The commercial part, the non-commercial part and the educational part.  The commercial licenses (about 80%) variegate between 30.000 and 2.000.000 population coverage. Licence duration is 10 years  The non-commercial licenses (about 15%) variegate between 10.000 and 900.000 population coverage. Licence duration is 10 years

4 Source: AGTT/GfK Austria, October 2011 Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 38/84

 Radios for education purposes (5%) variegate between some 1.000 and 60.000 population coverage. Licence duration is 1 year

Q8- How many transmitter sites are in operation for each nationwide network?

Please specify:

Program “Ö1”: around 260 transmitter sites in operation Program “Ö2”: around 290 transmitter sites in operation Program “Ö3”: around 260 transmitter sites in operation Program “FM4”: 33 transmitter sites in operation Program “Kronehit”: around 120 transmitter sites in operation

Additional comments?

Q9- How many transmitter sites are necessary to reach approximately 70 % population coverage?

Please specify for each nationwide network:

Program “Ö1”: Three transmitter sites are necessary Program “Ö2”: Three transmitter sites are necessary Program “Ö3”: Three transmitter sites are necessary Program “FM4”: Three transmitter sites are necessary Program “Kronehit”:

Additional comments (e.g. high power high tower network, private broadcaster, public broadcaster)? The commercial broadcaster Kronehit Radio uses only few of the high power high tower sites, because of a lack of frequencies available on these sites.

2.b.) Questions to TV broadcasting

Q10- Which system is / was used for analogue transmission?

Please specify: PAL B/G

Q11- How many nationwide networks before starting digital transmission are/were in operation?

Please specify: 3 analogue programmes were transmitted

Additional comments? Two nationwide networks with around 97% population coverage were in operation for the public programs ORF 1 and ORF 2.

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One nationwide network with around 75 % population coverage was in operation for one commercial broadcaster (“ATV”).

Q12- How many regional / local networks are/were in operation?

Please specify: 8

Additional comments?

The number of 8 regional/local network operators, which were in operation could be divided into two groups. The first group included the program providers LT1 in the region of the city of Linz, PULS 4 in the region of Vienna and Salzburg TV in the region of the city Salzburg and was realised with a frequency sharing/splitting in the three cities. The commercial program providers were transmitting their program during 23.5 hours per day. During the remaining 30 minutes the public broadcaster ORF was transmitting his regional program, due to the necessity of transmitting two regional programs on one transmitter site. The population coverage variegated between 600.000 and 2.8 Mio. people.

In remote areas five additional program providers (Bad Ischl TV, RTV Steyr, WKK, BKK TV, Aichfeld TV) were transmitting their programs. The population coverage variegated between 50.000 and 100.000 people.

Q13- How many transmitter sites are/were in operation for each nationwide network?

Please specify: - Program ORF 1: around 470 transmitter sites were in operation - Program ORF 2: around 470 transmitter sites were in operation - Program ATV: 18 transmitter sites were in operation

Additional comments?

For the program of ORF 2 a regional splitting was used during 30 minutes per day. The splitting was based on the federal structure of Austria.

Q14- How many transmitter sites are/were necessary to reach approximately 70 % population coverage?

Please specify for each nationwide network ………….……….

- Program ORF 1: Three - Program ORF 2: Three - Program ATV: Three

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Additional comments (e.g. high power high tower network, private broadcaster, public broadcaster)? All nationwide programs used the same transmission network provided by the Austrian Broadcasting Services (ORS5).

Q15- When is/was the ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? Do you plan an ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting?

Please specify: The ATO was on 17th of June 2011

Additional comments?

All the high power transmitters which affected 85% population coverage were switched off already at the end of the year 2007. The remaining gap fillers were switched off region by region. The last region was switched off at the 17th of June 2011.

3.) Questions to the digital transmission:

3.a.) Questions to sound broadcasting

Q16- When did you or have you planned to start with digital transmission?

Please specify: Not yet decided! In Austria most of the broadcasters of FM radio, including the public broadcaster ORF expressed their wish to postpone the introduction of digital radio, depending on the success of the new DAB+ initiative in Germany, where a nationwide DAB+ Multiplex was put into operation in August 2011 additional to some existing regional public T-DAB Multiplexes.

Q17- Which transmission system is planned or will be used?

Please specify: DAB+ / DRM+

Additional comments (e.g. average data rate per program)?

DAB+ is identified as the favoured system to be used. However DAB/DAB+ is optimized for large coverage areas with a quite large number of programmes transmitted in the same multiplex, which may be not suitable for local and regional radio broadcasters. For these broadcasters DRM+ seems to be an adequate system in particular the possible future extensions of the standard into Band III could offer available frequencies for the introduction of such a system as frequencies in Band II are not yet available because of the extensive usage for FM radio.

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Q18- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase?

Please specify: Not yet decided!

Q19- What reception mode (mobile/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage?

Please specify: portable-indoor will be used for planning

Q20- Strategy for regional / local sound broadcasting?

Please specify: Not yet decided!

Q21- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions?

Please specify: No pilot projects or test transmissions at the moment!

3.b.) Questions to TV broadcasting

Q22- When did you or have you planned to start with digital transmission?

Please specify: 26th October 2006

Q23- Which transmission system is planned or will be used?

Please specify: DVB-T

Additional comments (e.g. modulation scheme, guard interval, code rate, encoding technique, average data rate per program)? We use 16 QAM modulation scheme, guard interval 1/8 and 1/4, code rate 3/4 and 5/6 for the nationwide multiplex A, B and parts of the local multiplex C. Additionally we use QPSK modulation scheme, guard interval 1/8 and 1/4, code rate 2/3 and 3/4 for parts of the local multiplex C. At the end of the year 2011 a tender for DVB-T2 (MUX D and MUX E) will take place.

Q24- What reception mode (fixed/portable-outdoor/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage?

Please specify: portable-outdoor

Additional comments? The two nationwide networks MUX A and B provide a portable-indoor coverage in the high densely populated areas and a fixed reception in the rural areas.

Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 42/84

Q25- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase?

Please specify: Currently two nationwide networks are in operation, further three nationwide networks are planned.

Q26- Strategy for regional / local TV?

Please specify: One layer (MUX C) from the GE06 Plan was spent for regional and local TV broadcasting. The first two tenders (“open tender”) took place in 2007 and 2009. Currently a final tender for the remaining frequency resources is in preparation. Open tender means that the interested multiplex operators can define their coverage area and their own network. If there is more than one applicant in one area the Media Authority (KommAustria) has to decide based on a “Beauty contest” which applicant will get the license.

In the future, according to the existing digitalisation strategy additional frequency resources for regional and local TV broadcasting can only be derived from so called “white spaces”.

Q27- Strategy for free / pay TV platforms?

Please specify (e.g. scrambling, business model)

Regarding the Austrian Digitalisation concept “Free TV” and “Pay TV” platforms are possible. However, if there is more than one applicant the regulation on selection criteria favours e.g. “Free TV” services in comparison to “Pay TV” services.

Q28- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions?

Please specify: Since April 2010 the ORS uses channel 65 and channel 60 for a pilot project to test DVB-T2.

Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 43/84

4.3 Comments from Bosnia and Herzegovina to the questionnaire

1.) General questions on sound and TV broadcasting transmission:

Q1- Which frequency bands are allocated for sound and/or TV broadcasting? Please specify in the table below with “X”.

sound television Band I (47-68 MHz) X Band II (87,5-108 MHz) X Band III (174-230 MHz) X X Band IV/V (470-862 MHz) X L-Band (1452-1479,5 MHz) X

Additional comments (e.g. current and future usage, strategies)?

Q2- Did you already decide about the future usage of the frequency band 790-862 MHz (digital dividend)? When will the digital dividend spectrum be available for mobile services? With transition to digital terrestrial broadcasting, there will be a significant release of frequency spectrum, which represents a special advantage for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Competent institutions should decide how to use them. No official decision yet.

After the switch-off of analogue terrestrial broadcasting, released frequencies can be used for different purposes, primarily for introduction of new telecommunication (mobile) services.

Additional comments (e.g. national strategies, roadmaps, status of current discussions)? Strategy on the switch - over from analogue to digital terrestrial broadcasting in the frequency bands of 174-230MHz and 470-862 MHz in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Q3- Please give an overview of the actual and future usage of the digital dividend spectrum (e.g. usage of channels above 60, analogue/digital, to free the spectrum from broadcasting services).

All channels above 60 are free, because they are planned for the introduction of digital TV for multiplex A and B. After ASO in Croatia, we started with the re-planning channels for the multiplex A and B in order to free the spectrum (above 60th channel) from broadcasting services.

Q4- How many households receive their TV programs via terrestrial, cable, satellite and IPTV? Please specify in the table below

Total number of TV HH: ……………………………………

Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 44/84

Cable Satellite Terrestrial IPTV Analogue (in 261 445 34 394 14 970 % of TV HH) Digital (in % of TV HH)

Data from December, 2010. Note that CRA does not have separate information for analogue and digital reception, so we provided total numbers in analogue section.

2.) Questions to the current or past terrestrial analogue transmission:

2.a.) Questions to sound broadcasting

Q5- Which system is used for analogue transmission?

Please specify: FM in VHF band and AM in MW band

Q6- How many nationwide networks are in operation?

Please specify: 3

Additional comments?

Q7- How many regional / local networks are in operation?

Please specify: 145 Additional comments?

Q8- How many transmitter sites are in operation for each nationwide network?

Please specify: 19, 14, 13

Additional comments?

Q9- How many transmitter sites are necessary to reach approximately 70 % population coverage?

Please specify for each nationwide network: 8

Additional comments (e.g. high power high tower network, private broadcaster, public broadcaster)?

Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 45/84

2.b.) Questions to TV broadcasting

Q10- Which system is / was used for analogue transmission?

Please specify: PAL

Q11- How many nationwide networks before starting digital transmission are/were in operation?

Please specify: 1

Additional comments? In the Public Broadcasting System of BH, only BHT1 covers most of the population in Bosnia and Herzegovina (89,3%), while RTRS covers 93,96% of the Republic of Srpska population, and FTV 89,0% of the population of the Federation of BH. In the commercial sector not even one broadcaster covers the whole territory. A few (5) broadcasters are available on 70-80% of BH territory.

Q12- How many regional / local networks are/were in operation?

Please specify: 15/29

Additional comments? 5 out of 15 regional broadcasters are available on 70-80% of BH territory

Q13- How many transmitter sites are/were in operation for each nationwide network?

Please specify: 185

Additional comments?

14 HP+171 LP

Q14- How many transmitter sites are/were necessary to reach approximately 70 % population coverage?

Please specify for each nationwide network: 9

Additional comments (e.g. high power high tower network, private broadcaster, public broadcaster)?

Q15- When is/was the ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? Do you plan an ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting?

Please specify:

Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 46/84

3.) Questions to the digital transmission:

3.a.) Questions to sound broadcasting

Q16- When did you or have you planned to start with digital transmission?

Please specify: No decision yet

Q17- Which transmission system is planned or will be used? Please specify: T-DAB

Additional comments (e.g. average data rate per program)?

Q18- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase?

Please specify: No decision yet

Q19- What reception mode (mobile/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage?

Please specify: No decision yet

Q20- Strategy for regional / local sound broadcasting?

Please specify: No decision yet

Q21- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions?

Please specify:

3.b.) Questions to TV broadcasting

Q22- When did you or have you planned to start with digital transmission?

Please specify: No decision yet

Q23- Which transmission system is planned or will be used?

Please specify: DVB-T

Additional comments (e.g. modulation scheme, guard interval, code rate, encoding technique, average data rate per program)?

DVB-T C2 standard whose capacity is approximately 20Mb/s, 64-QAM, GI=1/4, CR 2/3, H.264 MPEG-4 AVC, AAC. Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 47/84

Q24- What reception mode (fixed/portable-outdoor/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage?

Please specify: portable-outdoor

Additional comments?

Q25- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase?

Please specify: 2/4

Q26- Strategy for regional / local TV?

Please specify: 3/2

Q27- Strategy for free / pay TV platforms?

Please specify (e.g. scrambling, business model): No decision yet

Q28- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions?

Please specify:

Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 48/84

4.4 Comments from Croatia to the questionnaire

1.) General questions on sound and TV broadcasting transmission:

Q1- Which frequency bands are allocated for sound and/or TV broadcasting? Please specify in the table below with “X”.

sound television Band I (47-68 MHz) x Band II (87,5-108 MHz) x Band III (174-230 MHz) x x Band IV/V (470-862 MHz) x L-Band (1452-1479,5 MHz) x

Additional comments (e.g. current and future usage, strategies)?

According to the Radio Frequency Allocation Table Band I is allocated to TV, but there are no plans to use this band for TV. Band III (174-230 MHz) is allocated both for T-DAB and TV/DTV.

Q2- Did you already decide about the future usage of the frequency band 790-862 MHz (digital dividend)? When will the digital dividend spectrum be available for mobile services?

There is no official decision on digital dividend spectrum usage in Croatia, but the Radio Frequency Allocation Table states that the digital dividend band 790-862 MHz can be allocated for IMT by means of public auction. The implementation of the digital dividend band for new services is hindered by the different analogue switch-off strategies in the neighbouring countries. All of the neighbouring countries still use channels above CH-60 (790MHz) for analogue or digital broadcasting. Consequently, the digital dividend cannot be used effectively for new services on the whole territory of Croatia. As a result of this, public auctioning for the digital dividend band has not been done to this date.

Additional comments (e.g. national strategies, roadmaps, status of current discussions)?

Croatia is currently negotiating multilateral agreements with neighbouring countries concerning the border coordination for the digital dividend band, which are going to regulate the use of this band in border areas even before it is free from broadcasting.

Q3- Please give an overview of the actual and future usage of the digital dividend spectrum (e.g. usage of channels above 60, analogue/digital, to free the spectrum from broadcasting services).

Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 49/84

The analogue switch-off process has freed up the digital dividend band (790-862 MHz) in Croatia, as none of the DTT networks in Croatia use channels above CH-60.

Q4- How many households receive their TV programs via terrestrial, cable, satellite and IPTV? Please specify in the table below

Total number of TV HH: 1495708

Cable Satellite Terrestrial IPTV Analogue (in *9,7% (analogue *5,6% (analogue 0 - % of TV HH) and digital and digital Digital (in % of combined) combined) *62,4% *22,3% TV HH) *These statistics are applicable to platforms that transmit the public broadcaster (HRT1 and HRT2)

2.) Questions to the current or past terrestrial analogue transmission:

2.a.) Questions to sound broadcasting

Q5- Which system is used for analogue transmission?

Systems for analogue transmissions: FM VHF BAND II (250KF8EHF), MF AM (9K00A3EGN), HF AM (10K00A3EGN).

Q6- How many nationwide networks are in operation?

There are 6 nationwide networks.

Additional comments?

Three nationwide networks are public and three are commercial.

Q7- How many regional / local networks are in operation?

There are 164 regional/local networks.

Additional comments?

Some of regional networks are public (8 regional networks)

Q8- How many transmitter sites are in operation for each nationwide network?

First network: 76 Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 50/84

Second network: 76 Third network: 39 Fourth network: 41 Fifth network: 43 Sixth network: 20

Q9- How many transmitter sites are necessary to reach approximately 70 % population coverage?

First network: 17 (high power high tower network, public broadcaster) Second network: 17 (high power high tower network, public broadcaster) Third network: 39 (high power medium tower network, public broadcaster) Fourth network: 41 (medium power medium tower network, private broadcaster) Fifth network: 43 (medium power medium tower network, private broadcaster) Sixth network: 14 (high power high tower network, private broadcaster)

2.b.) Questions to TV broadcasting

Q10- Which system is / was used for analogue transmission?

PAL, B/G

Q11- How many nationwide networks before starting digital transmission are/were in operation?

There were 4 national networks (2 from public broadcaster – HRT1 and HRT2, and 2 from commercial broadcasters NOVA TV and RTL)

Additional comments?

Two networks were from public broadcaster – HRT1 and HRT2, and the other two from commercial broadcasters NOVA TV and RTL.

Q12- How many regional / local networks are/were in operation?

There were 21 regional/local networks.

Additional comments?

Q13- How many transmitter sites are/were in operation for each nationwide network?

For public broadcaster HRT1 - 373 transmitter sites were in operation (more than 98% population coverage).

Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 51/84

For public broadcaster HRT2 - 371 transmitter sites were in operation (more than 98% population coverage). For commercial broadcaster NOVA TV – 168 transmitter sites were in operation (more than 90% population coverage). For commercial broadcaster RTL – 239 transmitter sites were in operation (more than 95% population coverage).

Additional comments?

Q14- How many transmitter sites are/were necessary to reach approximately 70 % population coverage?

Approximately 10 transmitter sites are adequate for achieving 70% population coverage for each of the nationwide networks. Additional comments (e.g. high power high tower network, private broadcaster, public broadcaster)?

These 10 transmitter sites are all high power and high tower sites.

Q15- When is/was the ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? Do you plan an ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting?

The Analogue switch-off date in Croatia was 31. December 2010. On 5. October 2010, all high- power analogue transmitters of the national broadcasters were switched off. Analogue transmitters of the regional/local broadcasters remained in operation until 31. December 2010.

Additional comments?

Several low power analogue sites remained in operation until 30. September 2011. All of them are now switched off.

3.) Questions to the digital transmission:

3.a.) Questions to sound broadcasting

Q16- When did you or have you planned to start with digital transmission?

We plan to start with digital transmission with nationwide multiplex in 2012.

Q17- Which transmission system is planned or will be used?

Probably DAB+. DVB-T2 is under consideration.

Q18- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 52/84

Croatia has three nationwide multiplex in VHF Band III. First step is to ensure one nationwide multiplex.

Q19- What reception mode (mobile/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage?

Portable indoor is planned for coverage.

Q20- Strategy for regional / local sound broadcasting?

There is no at the moment.

Q21- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions? First test transmission was in year 1997 on site Sljeme, DAB, 12C. There are three public programs in the multiplex in operation. Further plans on test transmission envisage pilot projects in the Istria and/or Zagreb Region.

3.b.) Questions to TV broadcasting

Q22- When did you or have you planned to start with digital transmission?

While the DTT platform officially launched in May 2009, extensive trials had been underway beforehand. In May 2002, trials began in Zagreb while in 2007 the government undertook its Digital Istria project to allow Istria to become the first all-digital region in the country. In addition, an HD trial on the DTT platform took place in Zagreb, Split, Rijeka and Osijek in 2007 and 2008. In addition, a DVB-H trial was conducted in Zagreb and Rijeka in 2009.

Q23- Which transmission system is planned or will be used?

For multiplexes MUX A, MUX B and MUX D the DVB-T system is used with MPEG-2 coding. For multiplexes MUX C and MUX E the transmission system is technologically neutral (f.e. it can be DVB-T, DVB-T2…).

Additional comments (e.g. modulation scheme, guard interval, code rate, encoding technique, average data rate per program)?

The most common system variant in Croatia is 64-QAM modulation scheme, 1/4 guard interval and 3/4 code rate. There are some cases where 16-QAM modulation scheme is used for local/regional broadcasters. The average data rate per program is about 3.7 Mbit/s up to 5 Mbit/s depending on the multiplex.

Q24- What reception mode (fixed/portable-outdoor/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage?

Fixed reception mode is planned for coverage.

Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 53/84

Q25- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase?

Multiplexes MUX A and MUX B were in operation during the launch of the DTT platform in Croatia in 2009. Multiplex MUX D followed in 2010.

In August 2011 HAKOM started a tendering procedure for granting the license for spectrum usage for managing two digital television networks for two new multiplexes (MUX C and MUX E). The license is technologically neutral, e.g. DVB-T or DVB-T2 transmission standards, MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 encoding standards can be used with possible conditional access system, ensuring preconditions for providing that can be used for free TV and pay TV services, as well as other services within the multiplex, and are technologically neutral (for example DVB-T or DVB-T2 can be used). It is expected that HAKOM will grant a licence for multiplexes MUX C and MUX E in November 2011.

It is expected that further multiplexes will be implemented when the frequencies become available.

Q26- Strategy for regional / local TV?

The multiplex MUX D, consists of two networks, and is available to provide both national/regional as well as local services.

Q27- Strategy for free / pay TV platforms?

All of the services on multiplexes MUX A, MUX B and MUX D are available free-to-air and use the MPEG-2 video and audio compression format. This compression technology was selected given the widespread penetration of compatible receivers in Croatia during the trial of the DTT platform.

To try to determine interest in the market for the provision of new services on the DTT platform, the regulator HAKOM opened a consultation last November inviting potential service providers to comment on how additional DTT capacity should be used. Possible uses include pay-DTT, mobile television and HD services. HAKOM used the results of this consultation as the basis for its decision about how the remaining available RF spectrum will be used.

In August 2011 HAKOM started a tendering procedure for granting the license for spectrum usage for managing two digital television networks for two new multiplexes (MUX C and MUX E). The license is technologically neutral, e.g. DVB-T or DVB-T2 transmission standards, MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 encoding standards can be used with possible conditional access system, ensuring preconditions for providing that can be used for free TV and pay TV services, as well as other services within the multiplex, and are technologically neutral (for example DVB-T or DVB-T2 can be used). It is expected that HAKOM will grant a licence for multiplexes MUX C and MUX E in November 2011.

Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 54/84

Q28- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions?

Test transmission of the DVB-T2 system is currently being conducted in Zagreb.

Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 55/84

4.5 Comments from Hungary to the questionnaire

1.) General questions on sound and TV broadcasting transmission:

Q1- Which frequency bands are allocated for sound and/or TV broadcasting? Please specify in the table below with “X”.

sound television Band I (47-68 MHz) X Band II (87,5-108 MHz) X Band III (174-230 MHz) X Band IV/V (470-862 MHz) X L-Band (1452-1479,5 MHz)

Additional comments (e.g. current and future usage, strategies)?

Q2- Did you already decide about the future usage of the frequency band 790-862 MHz (digital dividend)? When will the digital dividend spectrum be available for mobile services?

It is planned in line with the EU principles. The time of usage depends partially from the analogue television broadcasting switch off’s date.

Additional comments (e.g. national strategies, roadmaps, status of current discussions)?

Q3- Please give an overview of the actual and future usage of the digital dividend spectrum (e.g. usage of channels above 60, analogue/digital, to free the spectrum from broadcasting services). Actual: analogue and digital terrestrial broadcasting

Q4- How many households receive their TV programs via terrestrial, cable, satellite and IPTV? Please specify in the table below source: Digital Switchover Monitoring, 2011 – NMHH/National Media and Infocommunications Authority

Total number of TV HH: 3 950 000

Cable (including Satellite Terrestrial IPTV IPTV) Analogue (in 1,197,036 - 16% % of TV HH) 42%

Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 56/84

Digital (in % of 635,980 23% 2% included in TV HH) 17% Digital cable data 1 833 016 (CATV, IPTV)

2.) Questions to the current or past terrestrial analogue transmission:

2.a.) Questions to sound broadcasting

Q5- Which system is used for analogue transmission?

System 4: Stereophonic, pilot-tone system (maximum frequency deviation +/- 75 kHz)

Q6- How many nationwide networks are in operation?

5

Additional comments?

1. MR1 - Kossuth 2. MR2 - Petőfi 3. MR3 - Bartók 4. Class Rádió 5. NEO FM

Q7- How many regional / local networks are in operation?

Regional radio programmes: 22 Local radio programmes: 97

Additional comments?

Q8- How many transmitter sites are in operation for each nationwide network?

National radio networks: 1. MR1 - Kossuth / 49 transmitters 2. MR2 - Petőfi / 17 transmitters 3. MR3 - Bartók / 16 transmitters 4. Class Rádió / 11 transmitters 5. NEO FM / 16 transmitters

Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 57/84

Q9- How many transmitter sites are necessary to reach approximately 70 % population coverage? same as Q8

Additional comments (e.g. high power high tower network, private broadcaster, public broadcaster)?

2.b.) Questions to TV broadcasting

Q10- Which system is / was used for analogue transmission?

Band I.: D/PAL Band III.: D/PAL Band IV-V.: G/PAL

Q11- How many nationwide networks before starting digital transmission are/were in operation?

3 (m1, RTL, TV2)

Additional comments?

Q12- How many regional / local networks are/were in operation?

Regional: 1 Local: 42

Additional comments?

Q13- How many transmitter sites are/were in operation for each nationwide network? m1 : 19 RT Klub: 12 tv2: 13

Additional comments?

Q14- How many transmitter sites are/were necessary to reach approximately 70 % population coverage? same as Q13

Additional comments (e.g. high power high tower network, private broadcaster, public broadcaster)?

Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 58/84

Q15- When is/was the ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? Do you plan an ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting?

The analogue switch off date of television broadcasting is by the end of 2012, but not later than by the end of 2014. The analogue switch off date of radio broadcasting is not decided yet.

Additional comments? See Act LXXIV of 2007 on the rules of broadcasting and digital switchover (modified in December 2011 and August 2012).

3.) Questions to the digital transmission:

3.a.) Questions to sound broadcasting

Q16- When did you or have you planned to start with digital transmission?

From 2008, the coverage is 30%.

Q17- Which transmission system is planned or will be used?

DAB+ in VHF III band

Additional comments (e.g. average data rate per program)? Mono radio: 32 to 64 kbps Stereo radio: 48 to 128 kbps Additional service: EPG

Q18- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase?

1 MUX

Q19- What reception mode (mobile/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage?

GE06: portable, indoor

Q20- Strategy for regional / local sound broadcasting?

Not yet decided

Q21- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions?

See: http://www.ahrt.hu/Digitalis_atallas/Digitalis%20radiozas/DAB%20Mao.aspx?sc_lang=en Currently three transmitter sites are in operation in SFN mode in the capital. The multiplex includes 7 radio channels and a common EPG service. Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 59/84

3.b.) Questions to TV broadcasting

Q22- When did you or have you planned to start with digital transmission?

2008, from 2010 3 MUX coverage reached 95%

Q23- Which transmission system is planned or will be used?

DVB-T MPEG4

Additional comments (e.g. modulation scheme, guard interval, code rate, encoding technique, average data rate per program)? Modulation scheme: 64QAM Guard interval: 1/4 (earlier 1/8) Code rate: 3/4 Encoding technique: MPEG4 SD 2 Mbps Average data rate per program: HD 7,5 Mbps Average data rate for an SD content:1,6 Mbps

Q24- What reception mode (fixed/portable-outdoor/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage?

Fixed, roof top antenna

Additional comments?

Q25- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase?

3 MUX for the starting phase (now in operation), after analogue switch-off another 2 MUX will be in operation

Q26- Strategy for regional / local TV?

Under specification

Q27- Strategy for free / pay TV platforms?

No yet decided

However it is important to be noted that currently the operator of the FTA digital terrestrial platform (MinDigTV) operates the digital terrestrial pay TV (MinDigTV extra) as well.

Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 60/84

Q28- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions?

See http://www.ahrt.hu/Digitalis_atallas/Digitalis%20televiziozas/DVB-T%20Ma,-d-,- on.aspx?sc_lang=en http://www.ahrt.hu/Sajtoszoba/Sajtokozlemenyek/DVBT%20bovules.aspx Commercial services from 1 December 2008. Currently there are 30 sites in operation, the population coverage is more than 95%, in the final stage it will be more than 96% from 1 December 2011.

Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 61/84

4.6 Comments from Italy to the questionnaire

1.) General questions on sound and TV broadcasting transmission:

Q1- Which frequency bands are allocated for sound and/or TV broadcasting? Please specify in the table below with “X”.

sound television Band I (47-68 MHz) X (it could be used for other utilizations) Band II (87,5-108 MHz) X Band III (174-230 MHz) X Band IV/V (470-862 MHz) X (790-862 for broadband mobile applications) L-Band (1452-1479,5 MHz) X

Q2- Did you already decide about the future usage of the frequency band 790-862 MHz (digital dividend)? When will the digital dividend spectrum be available for mobile services?

It is planned in line with the EU principles. Italy has already performed the 790-862 MHz contest. Law n. 220 (December 13 2010) prescribes that the liberation of such frequencies for broadband mobile services will happen by December 31st 2012.

Q3- Please give an overview of the actual and future usage of the digital dividend spectrum (e.g. usage of channels above 60, analogue/digital, to free the spectrum from broadcasting services). Actual: analogue and digital terrestrial broadcasting; Future: broadband mobile services

Q4- How many households receive their TV programs via terrestrial, cable, satellite and IPTV? Please specify in the table below source: AGCOM Relazione annuale 2010 Total number of Italian TV HH: about 24 millions

Cable (including Satellite Terrestrial IPTV IPTV)

Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 62/84

Analogue (in - 29% no % of TV HH) Digital (in % of 2,8% (no cable 33% 35% 2,8% TV HH) TV , all IPTV)

2.) Questions to the current or past terrestrial analogue transmission:

2.a.) Questions to sound broadcasting

All data are based on: 2007, AGCOM RESOLUTION n. 544/07/CONS

Q5- Which system is used for analogue transmission?

System 4: Stereophonic, Monophonic

Q6- How many nationwide networks are in operation?

20 nationwide networks

RAI 5 ELEMEDIA 3 GRUPPO FINELCO 2 RADIO ITALIA 1 ASSOCIAZIONE RADIO MARIA 1 RTL 102,5 1 HIT RADIO SRL 1 RDS 1 NUOVA RADIO 1 MONRADIO 1 RADIO KISS KISS 1 RADIO PADANIA LIBERA 1 RADIO RADICALE 1

Q7- How many regional / local networks are in operation?

More 1.000

Q8- How many transmitter sites are in operation for each nationwide network?

The number of transmitters are given as percentage on the total: RAI 30% ELEMEDIA 17% GRUPPO FINELCO 9,5% RADIO ITALIA 5,2% Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 63/84

ASSOCIAZIONE RADIO MARIA 11% RTL 102,5 6,8% RDS 4,2% NUOVA RADIO 2,8% MONRADIO 1 ALL OTHERS: 13,5%

Q9- How many transmitter sites are necessary to reach approximately 70 % population coverage?

Not available

Additional comments (e.g. high power high tower network, private broadcaster, public broadcaster)?

2.b.) Questions to TV broadcasting

Q10- Which system is / was used for analogue transmission?

PAL

Q11- How many nationwide networks before starting digital transmission are/were in operation?

10 (RAI1, RAI2, RAI3, RETE4, CANALE 5, ITALIA 1, LA7, MTV, RETE A, TBS)

Q12- How many regional / local networks are/were in operation?

Before digital terreastrial television start-up, about 600 local TV.

Q13- How many transmitter sites are/were in operation for each nationwide network?

RAI1: 1869 RAI2: 1827 RAI3: 1781 CANALE 5: 1559 ITALIA 1: 1465 RETE 4: 1316 La7: 686 MTV: 395 RETE A: 192 TBS: 175

Additional comments? Source: AGCOM Resolution 24/11/CONS

Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 64/84

Q14- How many transmitter sites are/were necessary to reach approximately 70 % population coverage?

175 Transmitter sites to cover 72,23% of the Italian population (Source: AGCOM Resolution 24/11/CONS)

Additional comments (e.g. high power high tower network, private broadcaster, public broadcaster)?

Q15- When is/was the ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? Do you plan an ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting?

The analogue switch off date of television broadcasting is by Mid-; ny end-2011m ore than 80% of the Italian population will be Digital 8DTT)

3.) Questions to the digital transmission:

3.a.) Questions to sound broadcasting

Q16- When did you or have you planned to start with digital transmission?

In 2009 AGCOM Delibera n. 664/09/CONS has defined the regulatory framework relative to Digital Radio in Italy.

Q17- Which transmission system is planned or will be used?

DAB+, DMB mainly in VHF III band. L-band will be used to integrate and/or to optimize the coverage.

Additional comments (e.g. average data rate per program)?

Q18- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase?

AGCOM will guarantee 1 transmission block to the PBS (Public Broadcaster), and at least 2 transmission blocks to National private operators.

Q19- What reception mode (mobile/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage?

GE06: portable Q20- Strategy for regional / local sound broadcasting?

To guarantee up to 11 transmission blocks for local private operators

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Q21- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions?

Currently several pilot mux are transmitting and many trial have been conducted with DAB standard (DMB, DAB+)

3.b.) Questions to TV broadcasting

Q22- When did you or have you planned to start with digital transmission?

2001 (Law n. 66, 2001). First DTT trials in Italy since 1998. Commercial DTT launch: 2003.

Q23- Which transmission system is planned or will be used?

DVB-T

(one operator uses DVB-T2)

Additional comments (e.g. modulation scheme, guard interval, code rate, encoding technique, average data rate per program)?

Modulation scheme: 64QAM Number of carriers: 8K Guard interval: mainly 1/4 ( also 1/32) Code rate:3/4, 5/6, 2/3 Encoding technique: MPEG4 SD 2 Mbps Average data rate per program: HD about 6/8 Mbps Average data rate for an SD content:between 2/4Mbps

Q24- What reception mode (fixed/portable-outdoor/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage?

Fixed, roof top antenna

Additional comments? Some Mux utilze DVB-H standard for mobile terrestrial television

Q25- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase?

16 National MUX are actually operating for the starting phase (now in operation), after DTT Mux beauty-contest other 5 DVB-T Mux will be operative for a total of 21 DVB-T Mux

Q26- Strategy for regional / local TV?

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One-third of resources for local television Must-carry for local Network/Mux operators. Contest for Mux selection foreseen in each Italian region. Provisions are defined in Italian Laws.

Q27- Strategy for free / pay TV platforms?

2 Pay-Tv platform are actually operating (one uses DVB-T, the other one uses DVB-T2)

Q28- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions?

Commercial services from 1 January 2003. Currently there are more than 3.000 sites in operation, the population coverage which has switched-off to DTT will be more than 80% by end- 2011. The Italian complete switch-off is expected by mid-2012.

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4.7 Comments from Macedonia to the questionnaire

1.) General questions on sound and TV broadcasting transmission:

Q1- Which frequency bands are allocated for sound and/or TV broadcasting? Please specify in the table below with “X”.

sound television Band I (47-68 MHz) X Band II (87,5-108 MHz) X Band III (174-230 MHz) X X Band IV/V (470-862 MHz) X L-Band (1452-1479,5 MHz) X

Additional comments (e.g. current and future usage, strategies)?

Q2- Did you already decide about the future usage of the frequency band 790-862 MHz (digital dividend)? When will the digital dividend spectrum be available for mobile services? Frequency band 790 - 862 MHz is allocated to broadcasting and land mobile services. After 01.06.2013 this band will be allocated primary for mobile systems.

Additional comments (e.g. national strategies, roadmaps, status of current discussions)?

Public call for issuing a licence for using the frequency band 790 - 862 MHz after 01.06.2013 is in progress.

Q3- Please give an overview of the actual and future usage of the digital dividend spectrum (e.g. usage of channels above 60, analogue/digital, to free the spectrum from broadcasting services). Spectrum above channel 60 will be allocated for mobile systems. White spaces in the frequency band 470 - 790 MHz will be allocated for broadcasting and for services ancillary to broadcasting.

Q4- How many households receive their TV programs via terrestrial, cable, satellite and IPTV? Please specify in the table below

Total number of TV HH: ……………………………………

Cable Satellite Terrestrial IPTV Analogue (in 54,7 2,0 31,5 0 % of TV HH) Digital (in % of 5,0 8,2 7,0 4,6 TV HH)

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Total 59,8% 10,2% 33,0% 4,6% *) As of 2011

2.) Questions to the current or past terrestrial analogue transmission:

2.a.) Questions to sound broadcasting

Q5- Which system is used for analogue transmission?

Please specify: FM according to Geneva Agreement GE84

Q6- How many nationwide networks are in operation?

Please specify………6 analog

Additional comments?

Q7- How many regional / local networks are in operation?

Please specify……….……..77 local

Additional comments?

Q8- How many transmitter sites are in operation for each nationwide network?

Please specify. .100 locations for 3 FM networks of the public broadcaster, and 18 to 25 locations for 3 commercial FM networks.

Additional comments?

Q9- How many transmitter sites are necessary to reach approximately 70 % population coverage?

Please specify for each nationwide network ………..15 locations

Additional comments (e.g. high power high tower network, private broadcaster, public broadcaster)?

Coverage of 70% can be reach with 10 high power on the high altitude locations which is the case of public broadcaster. Private, commercial broadcasters are using medium power and they can reach 70% population coverage with 15 locations.

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2.b.) Questions to TV broadcasting

Q10- Which system is / was used for analogue transmission?

Please specify…………PAL B and PAL G ...(ST61) (EN 300 744)

Q11- How many nationwide networks before starting digital transmission are/were in operation?

Please specify………8 analog

Q12- How many regional / local networks are/were in operation?

Please specify…56 local

Q13- How many transmitter sites are/were in operation for each nationwide network?

Please specify……100 locations for 3 TV networks of the public broadcaster, and 20 to 25 locations for 5 commercial TV networks.

Additional comments?

Q14- How many transmitter sites are/were necessary to reach approximately 70 % population coverage?

Please specify for each nationwide network …20 locations

Additional comments (e.g. high power high tower network, private broadcaster, public broadcaster)? Coverage of 70% can be reach with 10 high power on the high altitude locations which is the case of public broadcaster. Private, commercial broadcasters are using medium power and they can reach 70% population coverage with 20 locations

Q15- When is/was the ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? Do you plan an ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting?

Please specify……31.05.2013

Additional comments?

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3.) Questions to the digital transmission:

3.a.) Questions to sound broadcasting

Q16- When did you or have you planned to start with digital transmission?

Please specify………not planed yet

Q17- Which transmission system is planned or will be used?

Please specify………T-dab: EN 300 401

Additional comments (e.g. average data rate per program)?

Q18- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase?

Please specify………2 and 2 for sub allotment area Skopje City

Q19- What reception mode (mobile/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage?

Please specify……… mobile

Q20- Strategy for regional / local sound broadcasting?

Please specify……………Don have a strategy yet

Q21- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions?

Please specify…………Not planned

3.b.) Questions to TV broadcasting

Q22- When did you or have you planned to start with digital transmission?

Please specify…………start 04.06.2009

Q23- Which transmission system is planned or will be used?

Please specify……… dvb-t, MPEG-4, EN 300 744

Additional comments (e.g. modulation scheme, guard interval, code rate, encoding technique, average data rate per program)?

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Q24- What reception mode (fixed/portable-outdoor/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage?

Please specify…….portable indoor

Additional comments?

Q25- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase?

Please specify…….3 multiplexes has already start, finally will be 8 multiplexes in the band 470 - 790 MHz

Q26- Strategy for regional / local TV?

Please specify………one multiplex will be regional. In consideration is using of white spaces for local TV

Q27- Strategy for free / pay TV platforms?

Please specify (e.g. scrambling, business model)

Q28- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions?

Please specify………Period of test transmission is already finished

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4.8 Comments from Montenegro to the questionnaire

1.) General questions on sound and TV broadcasting transmission:

Q1- Which frequency bands are allocated for sound and/or TV broadcasting? Please specify in the table below with “X”.

sound television Band I (47-68 MHz) Band II (87,5-108 MHz) X Band III (174-230 MHz) X X Band IV/V (470-862 MHz) X X L-Band (1452-1479,5 MHz) X

The national Allocation Plan defines radio frequency bands for individual radio communications services, basic terms of use of radio frequency spectrum, in accordance with international acts in the field of radio communications, first of all Radio Regulation, as well as European Allocation Table, including frequencies for broadcasting services. This plan was adopted by Goverment in 2010, based on relevant international regulation at that time. The Allocation Plan will be updated again after WRC-12, to take into account decisions of the conference, as well as future trends in radiocommunication sector at European level. Digital terrestrial broadcasting in the band IV/V may be used for the transmission of television as well as for sound broadcasting, within the same multiplex, in accordance with Law on Digital Broadcasting.

Q2- Did you already decide about the future usage of the frequency band 790-862 MHz (digital dividend)? When will the digital dividend spectrum be available for mobile services? There is no specific decision/act about this band, but by the Allocation Plan, endorsed in 2010, it has been defined that this band can be used as stipulated by provisions 5.316B and 5.317A of Radio Regulations. National strategy specifically for this issue or similar document like roadmap or other will be considered in 2012, as soon as digital terrestrial networks will be put into operation. In addition to that, this issue has been considered by Draft Strategy of Information Society for the period 2011 – 2016, to be endorsed in near future, probably untill the end of 2011.

Q3- Please give an overview of the actual and future usage of the digital dividend spectrum (e.g. usage of channels above 60, analogue/digital, to free the spectrum from broadcasting services). Frequency band 790 – 862 MHz is still used for analogue broadcasting services, since digital broadcasting stations haven´t been put into operation so far. Current regulatory provisions are contained at the national Allocation Plan, as given in footnotes 5.316B and 5.317A of Radio Regulations. Future usage of this band will be considered in near future.

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Q4- How many households receive their TV programs via terrestrial, cable, satellite and IPTV? Please specify in the table below Total number of TV HH: 194.795 Comments: - Figure 194.795 refer to total number of households in Montenegro in accordance with first results of Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in 2011 (total number of population 625.266), what is approximately total number of TV HH; - Total number of cable+satellite+IPTV+MMDS subscribers = 118.638 (august 2011); - Data given in the table, in square brackets, refer to number of active subscribers – receivers (approximately number of households for the specific case); - There are 19.307 MMDS receivers or 9,9% (in % of TV HH), not indicated in table, but it should be also taken into account in the case of MNE.

Cable Satellite Terrestrial IPTV Analogue (in 39.1% % of TV HH) (76.157 TV HH- only terrestrial) Digital (in % of 9.1% 17.9% 0 24% TV HH) [17.816 active [34.803 active [46.712 active subscribers] subscribers] subscribers]

2.) Questions to the current or past terrestrial analogue transmission:

2.a.) Questions to sound broadcasting

Q5- Which system is used for analogue transmission? For analogue transmission of sound broadcasting: - mostly FM radio system in the band 87,5 – 108 MHz is used; - only for some stations LF/MF-AM radio in the band 535-1605 kHz is used.

Q6- How many nationwide networks are in operation? National coverage network of public broadcaster (a quality reception of radio and/or television programs for at least 85% of the population in Montenegro) – 2 networks. National coverage network of commercial broadcasters (at least 75% of the population in more than 10 local administration units - 4 networks.

Q7- How many regional / local networks are in operation? Regional coverage network of public broadcaster (a quality reception of radio and/or television programs for at least 80% of the population in every municipality, territory of which is covered by the broadcasting of program) - /. Local coverage network of public broadcaster (a quality reception of radio and/or television programs for at least 85% of the population in the local administration unit on the territory of which such program is broadcasted) - 14 networks.

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Regional coverage network of commercial broadcasters (at least 80% of the population at the territory encompassing 4 to 10 local administration units) - 8 networks. Local coverage network of commercial broadcasters (at least 85% of the population at the territory encompassing less than 4 local administration units) - 27 networks.

Q8- How many transmitter sites are in operation for each nationwide network? National coverage network of public broadcaster – 2 networks, 22 - 23 transmitters per network. National coverage network of commercial broadcasters (at least 75% of the population in more than 10 local administration units) - 4 networks, 12 – 17 transmitters per network.

Q9- How many transmitter sites are necessary to reach approximately 70 % population coverage? National public broadcaster need more than 20 FM transmitters per each network in order to fulfil coverage requirement set by Law on Electronic Media (at least 85% of the population in Montenegro). In fact, even higher percentage has been achieved (more than 90%). ERP: 0,250 – 30 KW; Heff max: 20 – 1700 m.

National commercial broadcasters use minimum 11 and maximum 36 transmitters to reach 70 % population coverage, at the same time meeting requirements set by Law on Electronic Media, since majority of Montenegrin population is placed in few cities covered by FM signal of these commercials. ERP: 0,3 – 1 KW; Heff max: 20 – 900 m.

2.b.) Questions to TV broadcasting

Q10- Which system is / was used for analogue transmission? Conventional analogue television systems PAL; Type of emission and bandwidth 6M25C3F--, 750KF3EGN.

Q11- How many nationwide networks before starting digital transmission are/were in operation? National coverage network of public broadcaster (a quality reception of radio and/or television programs for at least 85% of the population in Montenegro) – 2 networks. National coverage network of commercial broadcasters (at least 75% of the population in more than 10 local administration units - 7 networks.

Q12- How many regional / local networks are/were in operation? Regional coverage network of public broadcaster (a quality reception of radio and/or television programs for at least 80% of the population in every municipality, territory of which is covered by the broadcasting of program) - /. Local coverage network of public broadcaster (a quality reception of radio and/or television programs for at least 85% of the population in the local administration unit on the territory of which such program is broadcasted) - 3 networks.

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Regional coverage network of commercial broadcasters (at least 80% of the population at the territory encompassing 4 to 10 local administration units) - 1 networks. Local coverage network of commercial broadcasters (at least 85% of the population at the territory encompassing less than 4 local administration units) - 10 networks.

Q13- How many transmitter sites are/were in operation for each nationwide network? National coverage of public broadcaster – 2 networks, approximately 130 transmitters per each network. National coverage or network of commercial broadcasters (at least 75% of the population in more than 10 local administration units - 7 networks, 36 – 11 transmitters per network.

Q14- How many transmitter sites are/were necessary to reach approximately 70 % population coverage? National public broadcaster need approximately 130 analogue TV transmitters per each network in order to fulfil coverage requirement set by Law on Electronic Media (at least 85% of the population in Montenegro). In fact, even higher percentage has been achieved (more than 90%). ERP: 0,05 – 100 KW; Heff max: 10 – 1700 m.

National commercial broadcasters use minimum 11 and maximum 36 transmitters to reach 70 % population coverage, at the same time meeting requirements set by Law on Electronic Media, since majority of Montenegrin population is placed in few cities covered by analogue TV signal of these commercials. ERP: 0,3 – 5 KW; Heff max: 120 – 1500 m.

Q15- When is/was the ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? Do you plan an ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? Analogue switch-off deadline has been set for 31.12.2012. (by Law on Digital Broadcasting)

3.) Questions to the digital transmission:

3.a.) Questions to sound broadcasting

Q16- When did you or have you planned to start with digital transmission? Digital sound broadcasting transmission has not started in Montenegro. No clear decision or plan for digital sound broadcasting to be put into operation.

Q17- Which transmission system is planned or will be used? It will be decided at later stage.

Q18- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? Geneva 06 Plan contains frequencies that can be used for realisation of 3 T-DAB nationwide networks in the band 174 – 230 MHz.

Q19- What reception mode (mobile/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Geneva 06 Plan for T-DAB in the band 174 – 230 MHz envisaged portable indoor reception. Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 76/84

Q20- Strategy for regional / local sound broadcasting? General regulatory provisions related to regional/local sound broadcasting services are defined by Law on Electronic Media, endorsed in July 2010. In context of digital sound broadcasting specifically, the same provisions referring to commercial broadcasters may be applied for national, regional and local level, no specific strategy envisaged so far.

Q21- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions? Pilot projects or test transmissions of digital sound broadcasting have not started.

3.b.) Questions to TV broadcasting

Q22- When did you or have you planned to start with digital transmission? There were plans for beginning/middle part of this year - 2011, but due to postponent of equipment procurement it may start by the end of 2011 or at least in 2012.

Q23- Which transmission system is planned or will be used? Technical coding standard ITU-T H.264/AVC (MPEG-4 Part 10) is obligatory by Law on Digital Broadcasting. The Ministry of Information Societly and Telecommunications decided DVB-T2 standard. Decision has been taken in the period 2010 – 2011, as separate act of Ministry, but have been elaborated by Draft Strategy of Information Society for the period 2011 – 2016, to be endorsed in near future. Specific parameters (e.g. modulation scheme, guard interval, code rate, encoding technique, average data rate per program) will be decided at later stage, based on test transmissions needed to be done as soon as equipment procurement will be finalised.

Q24- What reception mode (fixed/portable-outdoor/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Implementation project of first digital terrestrial network,, done on behalf of public operator of this network (also defined by the Law) has been envisaged to cover almost entire country of Montenegro, taking into account requirements of two different type of reception: - 95% of population with 60 dBμV/m in 10 m receiving antenna height if possible. - 95% of area with 78 dBμV/m in 10 m receiving antenna in areas with increased importance if possible; these areas of the increased importance have been defined for the most populated area of each city in Montenegro.

Q25- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? Taking into account that DVB-T2 standard will be deployed one national multiplex is planned for the starting phase. Theoreticaly, one DVB-T2 multiplex / national coverage network can replace all current broadcasting services providing national coverage in analogue technology, public as well as commercial programmes. For the final phase, the number of national coverage networks will depend on market demands, also taking into account frequencies released after analogue switch-off, to be used as digital dividend for the broadcasting services (for example in the bands below 790 MHz).

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Q26- Strategy for regional / local TV? General regulatory provisions related to regional/local TV broadcasting services are defined by Law on Electronic Media, endorsed in July 2010. In the context of digital switchover process specifically, the same provisions referring to commercial broadcasters can be applied for national, regional and local level, no specific strategy envisaged. Q27- Strategy for free / pay TV platforms? In accordance with international commitments of Montenegro, expressed orientation for EU standards compliance related to the digital switchover, and respecting the lessons learned and experiences in digital switchover in European countries, in the context of free/pay TV platforms Digital Switchover Strategy aspires to attain the following objectives: - for all public broadcasting services and existing holders of transmission and broadcasting licences envisage the possibility for free-to-air digital distribution, and pay TV for other programme contents; - until the target date provide the availability of digital broadcasting services to all citizens of Montenegro, ether by terrestrial transmission network (free-to-air), or by satellite digital broadcasting; Therefore all current programmes available in analogue technology if transmitting in digital have to be free to air, thus first national coverage network will be free to air. For the other / new services it will depend on business model.

Q28- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions? Pilot project have been planned for 2008, to obtain coverage in capital and some other areas, but it hasn´t been realized. Test transmissions need to be done as soon as equipment procurement will be finalised.

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4.9 Comments from Serbia to the questionnaire

Currently no data available from Serbia.

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4.10 Comments from Slovenia to the questionnaire

1.) General questions on sound and TV broadcasting transmission:

Q1- Which frequency bands are allocated for sound and/or TV broadcasting? Please specify in the table below with “X”.

sound television Band I (47-68 MHz) Band II (87,5-108 MHz) X Band III (174-230 MHz) X X Band IV/V (470-862 MHz) X X L-Band (1452-1479,5 MHz) X

Additional comments (e.g. current and future usage, strategies)?

No strategies yet.

Q2- Did you already decide about the future usage of the frequency band 790-862 MHz (digital dividend)? When will the digital dividend spectrum be available for mobile services?

We still have DVB-T (MUX B) on channels above 60. We plan to release this frequency band in 2012.

Q3- Please give an overview of the actual and future usage of the digital dividend spectrum (e.g. usage of channels above 60, analogue/digital, to free the spectrum from broadcasting services).

No new broadcasting is planned in this band, current users will be shifted to lower channels.

Q4- How many households receive their TV programs via terrestrial, cable, satellite and IPTV? Please specify in the table below

Total number of TV HH: 693 000

Cable Satellite Terrestrial IPTV Analogue (in 36 0 0 Not possible % of TV HH) Digital (in % of 5 3 17 39 TV HH)

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2.) Questions to the current or past terrestrial analogue transmission:

2.a.) Questions to sound broadcasting

Q5- Which system is used for analogue transmission?

Please specify…………………..FM

Q6- How many nationwide networks are in operation?

Please specify…………………..3

Additional comments?

3 public networks have around 95% coverage. One commercial network covers almost 60% of the population, others much less.

Q7- How many regional / local networks are in operation?

Please specify……….……..…..83

Additional comments?

We have 86 radio stations (programmes) in total, since 3 are with national coverage there are 83 left as regional/local.

Q8- How many transmitter sites are in operation for each nationwide network?

Please specify.………….……….54

Additional comments?

54 transmitting sites are used for public networks to reach around 95% of population.

Q9- How many transmitter sites are necessary to reach approximately 70 % population coverage?

Please specify for each nationwide network ………….……….30

Additional comments (e.g. high power high tower network, private broadcaster, public broadcaster)?

7 high power high tower stations for core network plus medium power stations

2.b.) Questions to TV broadcasting Document name / version: Assesment of the technical framework / R-1.1 Page: 81/84

Q10- Which system is / was used for analogue transmission?

Please specify…………………..PAL B/G

Q11- How many nationwide networks before starting digital transmission are/were in operation?

Please specify……….……..…..5

Q12- How many regional / local networks are/were in operation?

Please specify……….……..…..7

Q13- How many transmitter sites are/were in operation for each nationwide network?

Please specify………….……….32 - 230

Additional comments?

230 sites were used for public networks to reach 98% of population. 32 sites were used for commercial network to reach 75%.

Q14- How many transmitter sites are/were necessary to reach approximately 70 % population coverage?

Please specify for each nationwide network ………….……….25

Additional comments (e.g. high power high tower network, private broadcaster, public broadcaster)?

7 high power high tower stations for core network plus medium/low power stations.

Q15- When is/was the ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? Do you plan an ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting?

Please specify………….……….01.12.2010

Additional comments?

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3.) Questions to the digital transmission:

3.a.) Questions to sound broadcasting

Q16- When did you or have you planned to start with digital transmission?

Please specify………….……….No plan yet

Q17- Which transmission system is planned or will be used?

Please specify………….……….No plan yet

Additional comments (e.g. average data rate per program)?

Q18- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase?

Please specify………….………. No plan yet

Q19- What reception mode (mobile/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage?

Please specify………….………. No plan yet

Q20- Strategy for regional / local sound broadcasting?

Please specify

No plan yet

Q21- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions?

DAB broadcasting on VHF for public services using one transmitting site.

3.b.) Questions to TV broadcasting

Q22- When did you or have you planned to start with digital transmission?

Please specify………….……….2006

Q23- Which transmission system is planned or will be used?

Please specify………….……….DVB-T/MPEG-4

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Additional comments (e.g. modulation scheme, guard interval, code rate, encoding technique, average data rate per program)? MUX A: 8k, 64QAM, 2/3, ¼, Bit rate 19.9 Mb/s, Audio MPEG-1/II 2.0 - 2.6 MBit/s for one complete TV service with teletext

MUX B: 8k, 64QAM, 3/4, ¼, Bit rate 22.4 Mb/s, Audio MPEG-4 (AAC) 3.2 MBit/s for one complete TV service with teletext

Q24- What reception mode (fixed/portable-outdoor/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage?

Please specify………….……….Fixed

Additional comments?

Portable indoor possible in some areas

Q25- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase?

2 muxes were planned during the transition period. Up to 6 muxes will be available depending on the requirements.

Q26- Strategy for regional / local TV?

Local/regional networks to cover local/regional areas.

Q27- Strategy for free / pay TV platforms?

Up to the network operator/broadcaster. No plans yet.

Q28- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions?

DVB-T2 trials

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ASSESSMENT OF THE TECHNICAL FRAMEWORK – PART B

Project: South-East European Digital Television

Acronym: SEE Digi.TV

Version A-1.0; Date: 03.05.2013

DOCUMENT HISTORY Version Status Date Author Comments Approved by

A-1.0 Approved 03.05.2013 RTR-GmbH Approved version Project manager

CONTENT

1 Introduction ...... 4 2 Technical status report in the partner countries ...... 6 2.1 Terrestrial television broadcasting ...... 6 2.2 Terrestrial sound broadcasting ...... 10 3 Equitable access to the broadcasting spectrum...... 12 3.1 Introduction ...... 12 3.2 The traditional approach to further development ...... 13 3.3 A modified approach ...... 14 3.4 Quantification of equitable access ...... 15 3.5 Application remarks ...... 17 3.6 Simple examples to verify equal access ...... 18 3.6.1 Example 1 ...... 18 3.6.2 Example 2 ...... 18 3.6.3 Example 3 ...... 19 3.6.4 Summary ...... 20 4 Rearrangement activities ...... 21 4.1 General principles for the identification of additional frequency resources ...... 21 4.2 Technical measures to identify frequency resources in channels 21-60 ...... 23 4.2.1 Basic considerations ...... 23 4.2.2 Steps to define the course of action ...... 24 4.2.3 Consequences: Effects on existing and new entries in the Plan ...... 24 4.3 National case studies ...... 26 4.3.1 Examples from Austria ...... 26 4.3.2 Examples from Croatia ...... 32 4.3.3 Examples from Slovenia ...... 37 5 Digital Dividend – Implementation activities ...... 38 5.1 Introduction ...... 38

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5.2 Extracts from ECC report 148 ...... 39 5.3 Protection of broadcasting services against LTE ...... 41 5.3.1 Protection of DVB-T ...... 41 5.3.2 Protection of DVB-T2 ...... 43 5.3.3 DVB-T2 in Band IV/V ...... 46 5.4 Block Edge Mask Measurements on LTE800 Base Stations ...... 47 5.5 Actions to be taken to avoid interference ...... 48 5.6 Example where interference can occur ...... 48 6 Annex ...... 52 6.1 Comments from Albania to the questionnaire ...... 52 6.2 Comments from Austria to the questionnaire...... 55 6.3 Comments from Bosnia and Herzegovina to the questionnaire ...... 58 6.4 Comments from Croatia to the questionnaire ...... 60 6.5 Comments from Hungary to the questionnaire ...... 63 6.6 Comments from Italy to the questionnaire ...... 66 6.7 Comments from Macedonia to the questionnaire ...... 68 6.8 Comments from Montenegro to the questionnaire ...... 70 6.9 Comments from Serbia to the questionnaire ...... 73 6.10 Comments from Slovenia to the questionnaire ...... 78

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1 Introduction

This document contains the second report (Part B) of the assessment of the technical framework and was developed within the SEE Digi.TV project1, which is endorsed and co-financed by the South-East Europe Programme, and which helps to promote integration between the Member States, candidate and potential candidate countries and neighbouring countries.

The first report (PART A) of the assessment of the technical framework was finished in November 2011 and dealt with the available technologies for digital terrestrial television broadcasting (mainly DVB-T and DVB-T2) and digital terrestrial sound broadcasting (mainly DAB and DAB+) and included the results of the first questionnaire from October 2011. This first questionnaire gathered mainly information of the past, the actual and the future usage of broadcasting frequencies in the project partner countries.

This second report (PART B) is based on the first report and highlights current technical topics in the area of broadcasting frequency planning. The outcome of the second questionnaire can be found in chapter 1 of this document.

Since the successful outcome of the broadcasting planning conference in the year 2006 (Regional Radiocommunication Conference, RRC06) some further developments and constraints (e.g. DVB-T2 standard, digital dividend spectrum) influence the current frequency planning activities. One major topic in this area is the equitable access to the available broadcasting spectrum for neighbouring countries. Due to different circumstances in each country “equitable” access is not easy to define and therefore to achieve. This issue is reflected in chapter 2 of this document.

The tool kit in frequency planning allows to rearrange the existing TV channels in the GE06 Plan and this leads to the rearrangement chapter 3 in this document, which shows some possibilities to reach this goal. And finally the influences of the “Digital Dividend” activities are shown in chapter 4 of this document.

General overview of the following chapters in this report:

 Chapter 1 highlights the results from the two questionnaires in this work package ”Activity 1”. In different tables and graphs a status report in all partner countries is shown.

 Chapter 2 describes some theoretical thoughts to equitable access to the broadcasting spectrum and is accompanied by some easy depicted case studies. It is evident that in reality no such easy cases exist. In utmost cases more than two countries have to negotiate the frequency situation and furthermore the broadcasting spectrum in band IV/V is currently limited to 39 TV channels.

1 http://www.see-digi.tv/ Document name / version: Assessment of the technical framework / A-1.0 Page: 4/79

 Chapter 3 summarizes the important information from the ECC Report 142 concerning “Rearrangement activities”. At the end of this chapter some national case studies are shown.

 Chapter 4 highlights the main issues due to implementation activities of the so called “Digital Dividend”. Within this chapter extracts from the ECC Reports 138 and 148, as well as extracts from the CEPT Reports 29 and 31 are included.

 Chapter 5 includes the comments of the second questionnaire from each partner country in this project.

Finally special thanks to Mr. Igor Funa from the Slovenian project partner APEK and Mr. Danijel Vidakovic from the Croatian project partner HAKOM for their supplementary contribution of national case studies in chapter 3.3.

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2 Technical status report in the partner countries

In this chapter the development and status report of digital terrestrial television and digital terrestrial sound broadcasting in the project region is shown. After 28 months of project duration one result is that the development in digital terrestrial television is more advanced than in digital terrestrial sound broadcasting.

The inputs of the following chapters and subsections stem from the answers to the two questionnaires (October 2011 and February 2013) and are structured into different tables and graphs.

2.1 Terrestrial television broadcasting In the past in a certain spectrum range only one transmission technology was defined, e.g. within the range 87,5 – 108,0 MHz only analogue sound broadcasting was allowed.

The current usage of digital transmission technologies makes no difference which kind of data is being transmitted; it could be audio, video or data only.

In the following table the abbreviation “S” means the usage of sound broadcasting and the abbreviation “TV” means the usage of television broadcasting.

Country 47-68 87,5-108,0 174-230 470-862 1452-1479,5 MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz Albania - S S TV - Austria TV S S TV S/TV2 Bosnia and TV S S/TV TV S Herzegovina Croatia TV S S/TV TV S Hungary TV S TV TV - Italy TV3 S S/TV TV - Macedonia TV S S/TV TV S Montenegro - S S/TV S/TV S Serbia TV S S/TV TV S/TV Slovenia - S S/TV S/TV4 S2

The table above shows a quite harmonized usage of the allocated broadcasting spectrum in the project partner countries.

2 The L-band can be used for multimedia services, including sound and television broadcasting 3 Broadcasting and Land Mobile services 4 Within the DVB transport stream data could be representing sound or television broadcasting Document name / version: Assessment of the technical framework / A-1.0 Page: 6/79

The table and graph below show the usage5 of analogue and digital terrestrial broadcasting in all partner countries of the SEE digi.TV project.

Country Terrestrial usage (analogue and digital) 6 Albania - Austria 6% Bosnia and Herzegovina 53% Croatia 60% Hungary 18% Italy 90% Macedonia 22% Montenegro 31% Serbia 50% Slovenia 18%

5 Usage means the number of households who receive their TV signal via terrestrial transmission. 6 No data for this evaluation available from Albania. Document name / version: Assessment of the technical framework / A-1.0 Page: 7/79

The following table shows a short summary of the basic technical points of the introduction of digital terrestrial television broadcasting. The starting of digital television diversifies between the year 2003 and 2013. Both generations of the DVB standard are used in the partner countries. In all of the partner countries the video compression standard MPEG 4 is used.

Country Starting Transmission Video Multiplex period system coding number Albania 2013 DVB-T/T2 MPEG 2/4 7 Austria 2006 DVB-T/T2 MPEG 2/4 6 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2013 DVB-T MPEG 4 8 Croatia 2009 DVB-T/T2 MPEG 2/4 5 Hungary 2008 DVB-T MPEG 4 5 Italy 2003 DVB-T/T2 MPEG 2/4 22 Macedonia 2009 DVB-T MPEG 4 8 Montenegro 2013 DVB-T2 MPEG 4 ~ 5 Serbia 2005 DVB-T/T2 MPEG 4 ~ 5 Slovenia 2006 DVB-T MPEG 4 ~ 6

The next graph reflects the already executed or planned analogue switch off date in the project partner countries. The different dates vary between the years 2010 and 2015.

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One big issue in the area of frequency planning is the so called “Digital Dividend”. One main topic of this new spectrum allocation for mobile services is the date when the frequencies between 790 MHz to 862 MHz (Digital Dividend I) will be available for mobile services.

The following graph shows the current different dates, when the “Digital Dividend I” spectrum is available or is planned to be available for mobile services in the partner countries.

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2.2 Terrestrial sound broadcasting In comparison to the introduction of digital terrestrial television broadcasting the introduction of digital terrestrial sound broadcasting is at least one step behind, although the development of the DAB standard was initiated prior to DVB-T.

Regarding terrestrial sound broadcasting a completely different starting position exists. And this has nothing to do with technical reasons – it is more a question of the other accompanying topics e.g. existing receiver market, low cost receivers, switch-off date for FM sound broadcasting, support of existing programme providers etc.

In a few partner countries small pilot projects are already in operation. For none of the partner countries a roadmap for the introduction of digital sound broadcasting is defined. And together with the introduction of digital radio services no roadmap exists for the switch off date of analogue terrestrial sound broadcasting.

The following table shows a short summary of the actual status of terrestrial sound broadcasting in the partner countries.

Country Plannin Transmission Nationwide MUX for Reception Mode g to System starting phase start Albania NA DAB NA NA Austria NA DAB+/DRM+ NA Portable-indoor Bosnia and NA DAB NA NA Herzegovina Croatia 2012 DAB+/DVB-T2 2 Portable-indoor Since Hungary DAB+ 1 Portable-indoor 2008 Since Italy DAB+/DMB 37 Portable 2009 Macedonia NA DAB/DAB+ 2+2 Mobile Montenegro NA NA 3 NA Serbia 2017 DAB+ NA NA Slovenia NA NA NA NA

7 As by AGCOM Resolution 664/09/CONS Document name / version: Assessment of the technical framework / A-1.0 Page: 10/79

Although the introduction of digital terrestrial sound broadcasting is in its very early stage, the technical basis for it is well prepared. Due to the GE06 planning conference the frequency resources for digital terrestrial sound broadcasting are already available in most of the partner countries. Beyond that in some partner countries one DVB-T layer in the frequency band 174 – 230 MHz was also additionally allocated to DAB+ services. This approximately doubled the available frequency resources for digital terrestrial sound broadcasting in Band III.

The following graph shows in red colour the possible introduction of digital terrestrial sound broadcasting with the DAB+ standard. The other colours reflect either no decision (yellow colour) or the usage of the older DAB standard (orange colour).

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3 Equitable access to the broadcasting spectrum

Speaking about equitable access to the available broadcasting spectrum is extremely versatile. The genesis of national broadcasting markets plays an important role in understanding the different approaches and of course due to national strategies different approaches are the reality.

The following sections in chapter 2 originate from Johannes Philipp (Südwestrundfunk Stuttgart, Germany). This report describes some general thoughts about equitable access to the broadcasting spectrum and was published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the URSI Landesausschuss in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.

Abstract: Since the frequency plan of the Regional Radiocommunication Conference Geneva 2006 has come into force, many attempts have been made towards its enhancement. The preliminary results, however, seem not to be compliant with elementary principles of distribution justice. Therefore, the planning principles which lead to the observed imbalance will be scrutinized.

Furthermore it will be shown that the utilization of spectrum can be advanced in a balanced way when the same (necessary) condition for “equitable access”, which has been used by a group of middle European countries for the construction of the original frequency plan, is applied to plan refinements as well. The necessary condition mentioned consists simply in the parity of the number of coverages (constituted of disjoint allotments) configured in the plan for each country. In order to be able to plan enhancements, the concept of coverage number has to be generalized to the case of incomplete coverages of potentially overlapping allotments. The computation of coverage numbers is straightforward and renders the concept of coverage number parity a useful tool to be applied as a necessary condition in testing a frequency plan variant for equitable access.

3.1 Introduction During the preparation of the Regional Radiocommunication Conference 2006 (RRC06) it has been copiously and controversially discussed how a fair distribution of the spectral resources among the participating countries could be achieved (Puigrefagut, 2004). The report of the first Session of the Regional Radiocommunication Conference 2004 (RRC04), at least, contains some general remarks in a short paragraph on “equitable access” (ITU, 2004) as well as a reference to article 44 of the ITU Constitution (ITU, 1992). Specific regulations, however, have not been formulated.

The conferences’ Final Acts (ITU, 2006) neither put equitable access on record nor otherwise refer to distribution justice. According to the description of the software that has been programmed for the RRC06 (O’Leary, 2006), the only principle that has been made use of in frequency plan synthesis was to meet a maximum number of coverage requirements while simultaneously limiting the interference load.

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This could have incentivized the countries to increase the probability of plan entries for their own account by flooding the software with requirements. To avoid an “arms race” in the process of requirement posting, a group of CEPT countries had been meeting consecutively with the aim to counteract by coordinated action the deficiencies with respect to distribution justice, which are featured by the ITU planning procedure. The idea to quantify the degree of equitability by direct comparison of the spectral resources used by the countries involved, however, had to be discarded.

On one hand it proved hardly possible to quantify the consumption of spectrum. On the other hand, a straight uniform distribution would not even have been adequate, considering that real coverage requirements of neighbouring countries can differ appreciably. An absolute notion of justice would have been helpful, but, as a matter of principle, cannot be provided in spite of all strenuous efforts of political philosophy. However, there is a way out in recognizing that absolute justice can be replaced by what could be called a relative definition, by accepting a situation as just when all parties involved reach a consensus on that (which insight is the constituting element in the famous theory of J. Rawls (Rawls, 1975)).

Thus the countries eventually agreed on an equal number of coverages as a basic prerequisite for any fair distribution of spectral resources. For the sake of verifiability, it has been required that the allotments which constitute a nationwide coverage may not overlap. The amount of spectrum used for the realization of the coverages, e.g. the number of channels consumed, deliberately has not been taken into account in the evaluation of equitable access. Thus it has been facilitated to configure the allotments according to specific regional needs like internal administrative borders, speech communities, coherent areas of communication, topographic constraints, and existing transmitter networks. Merely, in cases where it was impossible to meet all requirements along a border with the available spectrum, the parties involved had to settle on necessary reductions of the requirements.

For those countries which have submitted to this planning principle, the frequency plan, naturally, is completely balanced with regard to the number of coverages. It is, however, not necessarily balanced with regard to the amount of spectral resources consumed. This circumstance is of basic importance when it comes to extending the rights of spectrum usage beyond the Geneva 2006 frequency plan.

3.2 The traditional approach to further development The traditional approach to extending the rights of spectrum usage consists in identifying such possibilities for the implementation of new channels or transmitters, which preserve the integrity of the existing plan entries of the neighbouring countries concerned. This is exactly what is implied by “article 4” of ITU (2006), as well as the corresponding regulations in earlier international agreements like e.g. the Final Acts of the 1984 band II planning conference (ITU, 1984).

In consequence, the parties regard the resources allocated to them as their property, which they can make use of, rearrange and optimize quite freely as long as no harm is done to the

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resources allocated to the neighbour. Only in cases when extension potentials of different countries are mutually exclusive, they have to be negotiated. Since the rights of the others are preserved in these revisions, it can be stated that the traditional “article 4” coordination procedures are a matter of Pareto optimization.

However, the achievable gain might differ considerably between countries, and this is the reason why the justice of the approach may be duly questioned. Following the approach, a country can make use of the more extension possibilities the more resources it has consumed in the construction of the original coverages. Anyone who has configured lots of small allotments with individual frequencies in the original plan, generally, can extend the frequency usage to the allotments nearby without substantially changing the interference situation in the neighboring country. Anyone who has succeeded in configuring a small allotment such that it contains a high- power transmitter assignment in the original plan, ordinarily can extend the frequency usage to nearby allotments without doing harm to the neighbouring countries’ rights of spectrum usage, especially when excess interference is compensated by a reduction of the radiated power of the primary assignment.

On the contrary, anyone who has been conservative in the consumption of spectral resources by configuring comparatively large allotments in the original plan (e.g. to pave the way for the neighbouring country to fulfill regional needs by small allotments), finds himself at a disadvantage: large allotments cannot, because of self-interference, be enlarged still more, if by all means the possibility to implement broadcast-type transmitter networks has to be sustained. Thus it is evident that the bare Pareto principle in the traditional coordination approach is prone to enhance unjust distribution of resources, incentivizes countries to misuses like “strategic planning”, and may give rise to perversions like coordination races.

3.3 A modified approach The unfair consequences of traditional coordination strongly encourage looking for other (still pareto-optimal) solutions for the plan enhancement problem which will preserve equitable access. The search can be aided by having a look on the basic flaw of the traditional approach. It consists in abandoning in the enhancement process the principle which has been used to establish an original plan which is regarded as equitable, the parity of coverage number irrespective of the amount of allocated resources, and replacing it by the (implicit) principle of ownership of the resources allocated in the first step, which allows to exploit their extension potentials, which have not been taken into account in the equity assessment of the original plan.

From that it can be concluded that for a more balanced plan enhancement procedure the principle of coverage number parity should be strictly retained and applied also to the extended plan. As immediate consequence we note that if a country succeeds in freeing spectral resources by adroit rearrangements, these resources are no longer owned by that country, but have to be used to improve the plan of all neighbours concerned in an equitable way. The fundamental difference to the traditional approach is that all extension potentials will be distributed equitably, not the mutually exclusive ones only. Especially it is ensured that the gain from the release of “hidden assets” will be to the benefit of all parties concerned.

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3.4 Quantification of equitable access It has been argued that the coverage number parity principle may constitute a necessary condition for the establishment of equitable access. However, the potentials for extensions of the frequency plan do in general not tend to be evenly distributed geographically. This means that one cannot expect extensions to again form complete coverages of disjoint allotments as in the original plan. Hence, the concept of coverage number has to be generalized to the case of incomplete coverages of potentially overlapping allotments. In doing so it does not make too much sense to schematically sum up covered areas. Areas of geometrically equal size may, for several reasons, not have the same weight in the calculation:

 First of all, areas far from the border should be excluded from the calculation. If we assume that beyond a certain distance D channels can be reused without negative impact on the respective allotments, we find that frequencies to be used inside a country a distance D apart from the borders can be regarded as public goods with respect to the countries as legal bodies. Such use of frequencies does not draw on the resources of the other legal bodies and consequently there is no need for legal restrictions. Any change in the number of coverages in the inner part of a country does not affect the possibility of frequency usage of the neighbouring countries. Thus, to verify equitable access for a pair of countries, only those areas are included which consist of points not farther away from the common border than D. With respect to these areas, which may be termed the mutual coupling zones, frequencies no longer behave as public goods but as common public resources instead, the usage of which may be mutually exclusive.  Secondly, the total areas of the mutual coupling zones can differ considerably, as is illustrated by the situation along the L-shaped borderline between Alsace-Lorraine in France and Rheinland-Pfalz/Baden in Germany. A certain channel used in a small allotment in France can render the same channel unusable in a much larger area in Germany. A certain channel hypothetically used in the entire mutual coupling zone of country A with respect to country B will render this channel unusable in the entire mutual coupling zone of country B with respect to country A. Hence it seems natural to value, respectively, complete coverages of the mutual coupling zones as equal. In consequence coverages of equal fractions of the coupling zones have to be valued as equal.  Thirdly, according to different number of inhabitants, areas, although of the same size, may be of different economical importance.  Lastly, the degree of restrictions which a transmitter network implementation may be subject to in different areas might be different.

Altogether, if the interpretation of “equitable access” as “parity of coverage number irrespective of the amount of resources consumed” is to be reflected in a quantitative definition of an “effective coverage number”, this coverage number has to be additive with respect to extensive variables.

This means, for example, that the contribution of two disjoint allotments (with comparable network implementation conditions) to the effective coverage number has to be the same as that of a single alternative allotment consisting of the union of the two. This renders the coverage number a linear expression in inhabitant number and area size. Furthermore, inhabitants and area sizes have to enter the calculation as relative values, as fractions of the corresponding Document name / version: Assessment of the technical framework / A-1.0 Page: 15/79

values of the respective mutual coupling zone. To keep the discussion simple, it will be assumed that network implementation in all areas of interest is of the same degree of complexity. This avoids the introduction of “implementation factors” in the expression for the contribution of allotments to the coverage number. Let

D := minimum reuse distance; the minimum distance between co-channel allotments which prevents harmful mutual interference; for the UHF part of the Geneva 2006 frequency plan a value of approximately 120 km is adequate,

Aij := area size of the coupling zone of country i with respect to country j ,

Nij := number of inhabitants in the coupling zone of country i with respect to country j ,

Aijk := area size of partial area k of coupling zone Aij ; the partial areas k neither have to be disjoint nor have to constitute a complete coverage of the coupling zone; the partial areas are constituted by the nonempty intersections of all allotments in country i with the coupling zone Aij ; if the same partial area has different frequency allocations it has to be taken into account separately for each allocation,

Nijk := number of inhabitants in partial area above.

Then the expression:

(1) CAij := ∑k Aijk / Aij

represents the effective number of area coverages in country i. It may be verified that CAij reduces to the customary number of coverages in the coupling zone when the partial areas are disjoint and carry the same number of frequency allocations.

Likewise the expression:

(2) CNij := ∑k Nijk / Nij represents the effective number of coverages of inhabitants in country i. It also reduces to the customary number of coverages under the conditions given above. With these definitions, two necessary conditions for equitable access with respect to country i and j can be formulated:

(3) CAij := CAji and

(4) CNij := CNji

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If area coverage and inhabitants coverage is treated interchangeably, then for the sake of simplicity the two conditions (3) and (4) could be replaced by the single condition of equality of a linear combination of the respective area and inhabitant-coverage numbers.

3.5 Application remarks It is evident that the parity of coverage concept cannot be used to resolve conflicts in coordination negotiations formally. The concept can only be used to rule out a certain class of “unfair” frequency plans early in the coordination process. The plans that pass the test may nevertheless not be acceptable, for example when the local distribution of coverage does not meet the requirements of one of the countries.

Nevertheless, by avoiding at an early stage the pursuit of planning variants that would not be accepted by one of the parties, frequency coordination procedures can be considerably “abridged”. The fact that the concept proposed is not just another variant of Pareto optimization but that it notably is compliant with John Rawls’ Maximin principle should encourage its application in forthcoming international negotiations on frequency usage.

References to the above report:  International Telecommunication Union: Final Acts of the Regional Administrative Conference for the Planning of VHF Sound Broadcasting (Region 1 and Part of Region 3), Geneva, 1984.  International Telecommunication Union: Constitution of the International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, 1992.  International Telecommunication Union: Resolutions of the First Session of the Regional Radiocommunication Conference for planning of the digital terrestrial broadcasting service in parts of Regions 1 and 3, in the frequency bands 174–230MHz and 470–862 MHz, Geneva, 2004.  International Telecommunication Union: FINAL ACTS of the Regional Radiocommunication Conference for planning of the digital terrestrial broadcasting service in parts of Regions 1 and 3, in the frequency bands 174–230MHz and 470–862MHz (RRC06), Geneva, 2006.  O’Leary, T., Puigrefagut, E., and Sami,W.: GE06 – overview of the second session (RRC06) and the main features for broadcasters, EBU Technical Review, No. 308, October 2006.  Puigrefagut, E. and O’Leary, T.: RRC04/06 – an overview of the first Session (RRC04), EBU Technical Review, No. 300, October 2004.  Rawls, J.: Eine Theorie der Gerechtigkeit, Frankfurt (Suhrkamp) 1975 (Original: A Theory of Justice, Harvard (The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press) 1971).

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3.6 Simple examples to verify equal access 3.6.1 Example 1 The following figure shows an easy case to allocate two channels between two countries. The black line marks the country border.

Example 1

This two country case is quite simple and the channels are equally separated. Both countries gain the coverage of the complete region.

3.6.2 Example 2 The next figure shows the case to allocate three channels between two countries. The black line marks the country border and the red dashed line marks a boundary within one country.

Example 2

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This second example is more complicated. Due to some national inputs (e.g. regionalization) one country needs two channels for the coverage of the complete region. The distribution of the available channels is unequal. To avoid this unbalanced situation it could be the solution for both countries not using “channel c”. But this results on the one hand in not using all the available channels and on the other hand not having the coverage of the complete region in one country. Therefore in some regions, despite the unequal situation, it could be the compromise between to two countries.

There could also arise another problem in this case. Due to further technical improvements (e.g. larger SFN areas, DVB-T2 vs. DVB-T) the coverage of “channel a” could be enlarged to the area of “channel c” and vice versa. This results in two coverages in one country and one coverage in the other country. Again this is an unbalanced situation, even, if the mutual interfering situation would slightly change.

3.6.3 Example 3 The third figure shows a step-up case to allocate four channels between two countries. The black line marks the country border and the red dashed lines marks boundaries within one country.

Example 3

This third example deals with the situation, if one country would like to use three channels (e.g. for regionalization) to get full coverage and one country use only one channel to fulfil the national coverage requirements.

If we assume the same situation as it was shown in example 2, this would result in three coverage “layers” in one country and one coverage layer in the other country. Again this is an unbalanced situation, even, if the mutual interfering situation would change insignificantly.

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3.6.4 Summary The three examples above reflect quite easy cases to understand the complex issue of equitable access. It is evident that in reality no such easy cases exist. In utmost cases more than two countries have to negotiate the frequency situation and furthermore in the broadcasting spectrum in band IV/V currently only 39 channels are available.

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4 Rearrangement activities

This chapter deals in general with planning activities of broadcasting frequencies. The term “Rearrangement activities” relates to new planning activities developed in CEPT working groups. In the RRC06 conference a new frequency Plan (GE06) for digital terrestrial broadcasting was established. Due to the new allocation of mobile services in the frequency band 790 – 862 MHz (Digital Dividend) the GE06 plan needs a certain extend of re-planning among the affected countries. This bi- or multilateral planning activities belong to the so called ”Rearrangement activities”.

The main result within different working groups dealing with this topic in the CEPT led to the ECC Report 142, from which the following sections have its source.

The ECC Report 142 provides information and advices for administrations covering the issues which need to be openly discussed and considered during an attempt to introduce mobile/fixed communications networks in the band 790 - 862 MHz or to use additional resources for broadcasting in the UHF band. These issues also may be considered by any administration which does not wish to make a change because in the event of a neighbour wishing to introduce mobile/fixed communications networks or to use additional resources for broadcasting, there will still be a need for discussions.

4.1 General principles for the identification of additional frequency resources The GE06 Agreement is the result of frequency planning process carried out under given assumptions and conditions. It establishes an equilibrium state in terms of equitable access, where equitable access is understood as a limited area concept. Any evolution of the equilibrium state can only be achieved by explicit agreements of all administrations concerned in the respective area under consideration. Evolution in that respect covers exclusively cases which are understood as equilibrium by all administrations concerned. “Equilibrium” as well as “equitable access” corresponds to obtaining an accepted state on the level of rights for all administrations involved, while the final state of implementation of networks may be different for different administrations.

To this end, the GE06 Agreement contains procedures which allow to modify the Plan and to implement Plan entries in conformity with the principles adopted for the planning process. Article 4 of the GE06 Agreement contains “trigger mechanisms” to identify those administrations with which coordination is required if a Plan modification is intended by an administration. The details of the coordination process between administrations are not governed by GE06 and have to be defined and agreed between the administrations concerned.

The GE06 trigger mechanisms are based on noise limited frequency planning. In the real world in Europe all planning is on an interference limited basis. Therefore, the attempt to introduce new allotment or high power assignment Plan entries in channels 21 – 60 by following the GE06

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principles will not be successful on a large scale, although regionally and locally, there may be limited possibilities.

Application of GE06, i.e. the implementation of the GE06 Plan, corresponds to design broadcasting networks that on one hand do not violate the rights given by GE06 but on the other hand comply with the coverage needs of administrations.

The generation of the GE06 Plan was based on simplified assumptions concerning the technical characteristics of transmitter networks as well as the wave propagation model employed. Any modification of the GE06 Plan is governed by Article 4 of the Agreement which uses the same simplified technical characteristics. The implementation of a Plan entry is subject to Article 5, i.e. the process of bringing into operation one or several transmitters under a given Plan entry is formally also bound to the same technical principles. However, making use of planning techniques and tools which more closely reflect conditions in a given area like topography and morphology provide an additional degree of freedom from which administrations coordinating can take advantage when trying to find additional frequency resources in the band 470 - 790 MHz.

If an administration requires additional frequency resources in the band 470 - 790 MHz for broadcasting services the following regulatory elements will have to be adhered to:

 All or a portion of the sub-band consisting of UHF channels 61 – 69 may be used for broadcasting or mobile/fixed communications networks.  The regulatory framework given by the GE06 Agreement applies for all conceivable scenarios.  The rights associated to the GE06 Agreement shall be retained unless otherwise agreed by the concerned administrations.  In the GE06 Agreement at least one of the services involved in coordination is terrestrial broadcasting. The GE06 Agreement does not cover coordination situations involving only services other than terrestrial broadcasting. The GE06 Agreement covers the requirement to ensure that any entries for other services are compatible with the broadcasting Plan. Therefore coordination of services other than broadcasting may proceed on a bi- or multilateral basis.

In identifying channels in the band 470 - 790 MHz for broadcasting services, the following general principles may be used on the basis of equitable access to the spectrum by the countries involved, i.e.

 to maximize the possibilities for the future exploitation of the UHF band by all administrations,  to minimize interference to and constraints on existing and planned assignments/allotments in the Plan,  to enable where feasible, the use of existing networks, in terms of transmitting sites and receiving antennas,  to ensure that the solutions found can be implemented in practice.

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4.2 Technical measures to identify frequency resources in channels 21-60 4.2.1 Basic considerations One of the main results of the Regional Radiocommunication Conference (RRC-06) was the distribution of the spectrum according to the principle of equitable access. This was achieved by distributing and describing frequency positions in terms of nationwide coverage for the same number of so-called layers, thus proving for a comparable amount of spectrum being “consumed” by each administration. On the other hand, this may not be compliant with the detailed demands within a nation. There may be a need for a certain number of (quasi) nationwide layers, but there may also be an additional interest for the provision of additional content and/or services in densely populated areas. By that, the networks to be set up and operated in reality may differ significantly from the maps of theoretical frequency positions. Following the Geneva Agreement, this discrepancy is acceptable as long as the rights made use of by the networks are a subset of the rights given by the Plan (i. e. administrations can demonstrate conformity). Therefore, in many cases it may not be necessary to re-establish the original (theoretical) “Geneva-layer” completely, but to fulfil the updated concrete demands by making use of frequency rights from resources of the 470 to 790 MHz band.

Considering the different situations and demands in different countries, it was clear from the very beginning, that any course of action was supposed to take into account the following considerations:

 The GE06-distribution of resources is taken as a situation representing an equitable access solution for administrations concerned. The result of any course of action taken once again has to represent a situation of the same extent of satisfaction for administrations concerned. This also addresses the fact that some administrations have got a comparably high percentage of their GE06 frequency positions in the upper part of the UHF band. Depending on their future use of these frequencies, a situation regarded as an equitable access has to be achieved again.  In many countries, lots of GE06-frequency positions are already in use or will be in use shortly for networks. Any course of action taken should leave these investments and these detailed intentions untouched if not otherwise agreed on bi- or multilateral basis.  The GE06 Plan is based on planning assumptions as for broadcasting systems. By that the description of the set of rights for each administration is made on the same basis, but it is not binding for administrations to follow this description with their real networks. The only binding restriction is that administrations have to prove for the conformity of the real networks within their formal rights. But it is very likely that the main use of the frequencies in 470 MHz to 790 MHz will be for broadcasting. This should be reflected in the way to choose and distribute additional capacities among administrations, i.e. it should be possible and feasible to make use of the additional capacities for broadcasting in a reasonable manner.  In the context of feasibility, additional capacities might have a different “value”. Some of them will be comparably easy to be implemented in networks; some of them could be very hard. The way of distribution has to be designed to take this into account.  Administrations are certainly not willing to have something like a re-planning conference. Document name / version: Assessment of the technical framework / A-1.0 Page: 23/79

4.2.2 Steps to define the course of action In order to assess the possibilities of extensions in terms of potential networks, it is necessary to consider the assignments/allotments currently recorded in the GE06 Plan, as complemented by additions which have been agreed by the administrations concerned since RRC-06. It has to be understood that, as a first attempt, the current entries in the Plan have to be kept stable.

Different approaches may be used to extend a broadcasting network:

a) by making use of existing high power sites, b) by using additional low power transmitters and c) by combining both approaches, in particular in areas where the reception from the main sites is affected by interference or by restrictions intended to ensure compatibility.

In case a) potential extensions may be considered by the addition of assignments/allotments, on the basis of the main broadcasting sites. Good progress is made by considering the “best server” areas around main sites independently from their up to now-relationships to GE06-allotments for these new capacities. Thus, the new capacities can be assessed by their feasibility to be used for broadcasting from the very beginning, reflecting consideration c) from section 4.1 above. Complementary sites may be considered where appropriate.

In case b) the envisaged new coverage area is served by several new low power transmitters, operated as a SFN. Approach b) will cause lower interference towards neighbouring co-channel allocations than approach a).

In order to ensure compatibility between potential extensions and existing entries in the Plan, some restrictions may have to be used on some assignments, e.g. reduction in the e.r.p., antenna pattern restrictions in some sectors, selection of one type of polarization (V or H). The restrictions applicable to current entries in the Plan may be implemented through application of Article 5 only. The restrictions applicable to extensions may be recorded in the GE06 Plan together with the corresponding new entry through the application of Article 4. Restrictions on existing networks should be avoided. This reflects the considerations a), b) and d) from section 4.1 above.

It is understood that new bilateral and/or multilateral agreements would be developed, containing:

 the new entries to be included in the Plan through the application of Article 4 and the associated restrictions,  the restrictions to be applied to existing entries in the Plan at the stage of Article 5 only.

4.2.3 Consequences: Effects on existing and new entries in the Plan There is no unique practice for finding additional frequencies. The reasons for this are multiple. Different countries pursue different interests. The broadcasting implementation is at a different advancement stage in different countries. The GE06 requirements of different administrations are

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formulated under different political, economic and cultural assumptions. However, some common considerations with respect to identification of new frequencies can still be given.

In particular, the GE06 Plan is an (nearly) optimized trade-off between the number and characteristics of requirements and interference accepted by these requirements. Therefore, in most cases identifying additional frequencies to be inserted into the Plan will only be possible by accepting some of the following conditions:

For intended new frequency positions/entries in the Plan:

Size modifications of initial requirements formulated by administrations for the establishment of the Plan Within its own territory an administration may decide to extend the usage for a certain channel by closing gaps of coverage areas between co-channel allotments or assignments. Alternatively, the size of a given allotment may be increased without closing gaps when there is not any intended or possible use of this channel in neighbouring co-channel allotments or assignments. This will in most instances involve increased interference on co-channel GE06 Plan entries including those of neighbouring administrations. Moreover, although large countries may still use this approach for internal (i. e. domestic) frequency rearrangements, for small countries it might not be feasible.

Planning additional coverage using low power transmitters To minimize the interference potential on neighbouring co-channel GE06 Plan entries it might be necessary to plan the new additional coverage with low power transmitters instead of planning with one single high power site. Finding additional frequency resources along border areas may be easier with a low power approach. However, this may also involve additional investment costs and may cause the need for re-direction of directional roof-top antennas of households.

Changes in transmitter characteristics (e.r.p., antenna diagram, tilt, etc.) of planned and implemented broadcasting networks interfering towards new requirements By restricting transmit power in certain directions for broadcasting networks implemented in conformity with the GE06 Plan entries, one may effectively allow deployment of new requirements, which otherwise would suffer from interference incoming from these entries. However, this may also involve additional investment costs.

For existing entries in the Plan:

Additional constraints, in terms of accepted interference In order to accept additional incoming interference certain mitigation techniques will need to be implemented. Adding of secondary sites in affected areas or planning of low power dense network may ensure the required field strength level at the broadcasting receiver input and provide an efficient way to cope with additional incoming interference. However, this would inevitably involve increased capital and operation investments.

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Acceptance of these or other conditions is to be discussed and agreed in the course of bi- and multilateral coordination, Annex A provides an example of measures established by two administrations in attempt to identify additional frequencies for their broadcasting requirements. The example given is based on new additional allotments or high power assignments. Annex A is for information purpose and the example is not necessarily applicable to situations involving other countries.

4.3 National case studies On a national basis the identification of additional frequency resources by administrations is to be based on the same thorough review of their spectrum utilisation and compatibility analysis between requirements as in a cross border situation.

The national compatibility is between the allocations spectrum uses within the territory of a single administration, while taking into account the allocations uses of neighbouring countries in border areas.

Where no cross border coordination is triggered by GE06 the identification of additional frequency resources is a private matter only involving merely the administrations concerned. This is in contrast to cross border coordination activities where more than one national administration is concerned and the agreement of neighbour(s) is required. An example concerning both national case studies as well as employed methodologies can be found in Annex A of this report.

4.3.1 Examples from Austria In the following chapter it is demonstrated on a concrete example how it is possible to rearrange entries in the GE06 Plan in order to fill up the existing “frequency holes” stemming from the loss of the frequency band used as a Digital Dividend for mobile services and/or from areas of the original GE06 Plan, where no channel could be allocated, because of limited frequency resources and difficult planning constraints.

Nowadays broadcasting networks for DVB-T are widely evolved and the second generation of DVB standards is already available, in particular the DVB-T2 standard. Having these two elements in mind it is worthwhile to reconsider the GE06 Plan on a bi- and multilateral basis, with regard to rearrangement possibilities, and to try to rebalance the situation in the border areas of neighbouring countries.

Advantages of this approach would be to gain more flexibility for the implementation of the broadcasting networks. If DVB-T is fully replaced by DVB-T2 then the mentioned frequency holes could be filled up in practise, once the “Rearrangement activities” are finished. Overall the frequency efficiency will be increased. These positive effects can be achieved solely if new equipment is installed by the network operator and additionally the viewers would have to buy new receivers, which are compatible with the new standards.

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So it is essential to know that the advantages are associated with additional investments by operators and by consumers. On the other hand, the methodology of the equitable access could be re-installed (same amount of layers), which would be also a main advantage.

Disadvantages would be that the amount of the so called TV white spaces is reduced, which could lead to problems for allocating enough spectrum for PMSE services. Furthermore additional possibilities for the usage of spectrum for local broadcasting operators would be also restricted.

In some critical areas, depending on certain conditions (existing GE06 Plan, sites of the transmitters, distance of transmitters, topographical conditions) extensions can only be realised in practise, if for these areas a new broadcasting network is built. The main limitations for such areas are the outgoing interferences, which can be reduced by using lower sites and lower transmitted power, which implies on the other hand in general the necessity to build more transmitter sites. One additional success factor is, that during the planning it should be avoided to change channel allocations which are already in use.

Furthermore demands from the media politics also might be a reason, why the most efficient use of spectrum is not always enforced. There might be the wish to transmit certain regional programmes to certain areas, which results in the need of additional channels.

In the following example it can be seen how rearrangements, as widely described in this document could be accomplished: It investigates the possibilities for rearrangements on channel 30 taking into account the GE06 Plan entries.

The illustration above shows the distribution of the channel 30 in the GE06 Plan all over Austria. The green areas are the allotment areas of the channel 30, which are already contained in the GE06 Plan. The areas are topographical decoupled, which means, that separate broadcasting

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networks within these areas using DVB-T could transmit their programmes in one or more multiplexes without causing mutual interference.

The next figure shows a possible extensions of the allotment areas.

In the southern part of Austria two areas in blue color were added. The result is one continous long allotment area plus two separate allotments. As a next step further areas can be added, which leads to the following picture:

The green areas are the original GE06 Plan entries and the blue areas have been added. As a result one big allotment area would became availabe, which could be used in a flexible way. The most efficient use would be to implement one DVB-T2 network for the whole area.

Up to now, in this example, only the Austrian situation was taken into account. Therefore in a next step it has to be examined, if these possible extension on channel 30 are compatible with the GE06 Plan situation in the neighbouring countries.

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In the figure above, the light green allotment areas are the GE06 Plan entries on channel 30 outside of Austria. Assessing this picture it is probable, that the blue allotments (which are the extensions) are compatible with the light green allotments, having in mind the existing transmitter sites, which are normally relevant, except in one case. From our experience we would assess that the allotment Salzburg, which is the blue one in the northwest of the combined area is not compatible with the allotment area in Germany which lies directly north of the Salzburg area. However this would mean that the blue extensions have to be restricted towards Germany, except Germany does not plan to implement its affected allotment.

This example shows one possibility how to rearrange the GE06 Plan entries. There are of course many other possibilities how to use the available potentials of the GE06 Plan. Additional difficulties could arise, when additional single stations are planned for local usage. They do not fit very well in these “Rearrangement activities”, because they could block possible extensions. The aim of the example above is to show how the plan can be developed to make it more flexible and frequency efficient and how to get again the same amount of layers for all countries. At the bottom line all planning’s need negotiations on a bi- and multilateral level with all of the affected Administrations involved.

Nationwide situation for Austria:

The following example shows the overall illustrations of possible rearrangements of the GE06 Plan in the UHF Band in Austria. The green allotment areas are GE06 Plan entries. The blue allotment areas are extensions of existing allotments or new allotments taking into account the principle of minimizing the impact on existing GE06 Plan entries in neighbouring countries.

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In this concrete example the aim was to plan 7 layers. The result of course needs to be negotiated with the neighbouring Administrations, who may develop a similar plan. It should be kept in mind, that such “Rearrangement activities” must contain implicit conditions regarding the practical implementation of the possible DTT networks, which have to be agreed mutually with the affected neighbouring countries.

4.3.2 Examples from Croatia The Croatian television market is characterized by a high penetration of the terrestrial platform with a share over 60% as shown in the figure below:

Terrestrial television in Croatia has been fully digitized since October 2010 and two business models have been introduced in digital terrestrial television: Free to Air TV in 3 DVB-T/MPEG-2 multiplexes and Pay TV in 2 DVB-T2/H.264 AVC multiplexes.

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When compared with the neighbouring countries, the Pay TV market in Croatia is under- developed, as shown in the figure above. The future development of the TV market should be based on Pay TV services introduced via the terrestrial TV platform, so the requests to replace the lost coverage and find new solutions for extra coverage have a high priority for the Croatian administration. The sizes of the Croatian allotment areas entered in the Geneva 2006 Plan are compatible with the guard interval of 1/4 duration of the DVB-T COFDM symbol. In the existing DVB-T networks in Croatia the 64 QAM modulation is used with the code rates of 2/3, 3/4 and 5/6.

The DVB-T2 system is more advanced and provides more capacity, more robustness, together with the planning of larger SFNs. The introduction of DVB-T2 networks could be performed in accordance with the Geneva 2006 Plan with capacity and robustness benefits. In order to introduce new coverage the coordination with neighbouring countries should be performed.

In the table below the capacities and protection ratios between some of the DVB-T and DVB-T2 variants are compared while the existing variants used in Croatia are bolded:

DVB-T2 DVB-T Capacity increase 32ke, 256 QAM, 1/16, PP 4 8k, 64 QAM, ¼ Code rate PR Data rate Code rate PR Data rate

1/2 13.6 27.73 1/2 14.3 14.93 85.73% 3/5 16.3 33.27 2/3 17.3 19.91 67.10% 2/3 18.1 36.97 3/4 18.9 22.39 65.12% 3/4 20.3 41.59 5/6 20.4 24.88 67.16% 4/5 21.7 44.36 7/8 21.3 26.13 69.77%

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According to the Geneva 2006 Plan, Croatia has the right to implement 4 completed national coverages in the 470-684 MHz frequency band or 5 completed national coverages in the 470-790 MHz frequency band:

Allotments D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 21 23 21 25 23 30 21 23 21 36 26 34 28 28 34 22 33 22 470-694 MHz 38 39 36 40 29 36 27 34 28 44 43 44 42 39 44 31 41 29 48 43 45 43 45 46

51 58 56 53 53 54 51 53 51 694-790 MHz 56 57 56 59 59

No. of layers: 4 4 4 5 6 4 5 5 5 470-694 MHz No. of layers: 6 5 5 6 8 6 7 6 7 470-790 MHz

Having in mind that there are 5 networks licensed and operated in Croatia, there is no possibility to introduce additional national networks without some frequency re-planning.

The possibility to operate in large SFNs using the DVB-T2 transmission standard is a new and very efficient way of usage of the frequency spectrum. The concept of large SFNs, especially nation-wide SFNs could additionally enlarge the number of layers. On the other hand, if the maximum guard interval is used, than the single multiplex capacity is decreased, but the total capacity of all multiplexes could be increased.

Guard interval FFT size 1/128 1/32 1/16 19/256 1/8 19/128 1/4 Distance between transmitters in SFN [km] 32K 8.4 33.6 67.2 79.8 134.4 159.6 - 16K 4.2 16.8 33.6 39.9 67.2 79.8 134.4 8K 2.1 8.4 16.8 20 33.6 39.9 67.2 4K - 4.2 8.4 - 16.8 - 33.6 2K - 2.1 4.2 - 8.4 - 16.8 1K - - 2.1 - 4.2 - 8.4

Although the maximum allowed SFN transmitter distance is 159.6 km, the planning of large SFNs with the DVB-T2 system simplifies the fact that at such large distance from the transmitter the field strength is weak and in a respectable number of cases below the value defined by the protection ratio. The propagation curve of the interfering field strength is calculated in 1% of the time for the transmitter of 1 kW e.r.p. Document name / version: Assessment of the technical framework / A-1.0 Page: 34/79

The curve on 600 MHz shows that at 159.6 km the interfering field strength would be 35 dBµV/m for 1200 m, 27 dBµV/m for 600 m, 22 dBµV/m for 300 m and 18 dBµV/m and less for 150 m and a lower transmitting antenna height. In practice, the real terrain will introduce additional losses and the field strength at the 159.6 km distance will be even lower. Due to the statistics, the protection ratio for the DVB-T2 services of 20 dB should be increased by 12.7 dB which equals 32.7 dB if the coverage is planned for 95% of locations. This means that for 27 dBµV/m of the calculated interfering field strength for the 600 m site, there should be at least 33 dB more or 59.7 dB dBµV/m (at L=95%) of usable field strength which is almost as the minimal field strength needed for the chosen DVB-T2 variant reception (57 dBµV/m at L=95%).

The possibility of planning large SFNs brings the opportunity to merge two or more allotment areas sharing the same channel, especially in the case of co-channel sharing inside the country. This approach could lead to more DVB-T2 coverage layers than the existing DVB-T, but the additional frequency coordination and cooperation between countries is necessary and could prove to be difficult.

In practice, in Croatia there are high transmitter locations used with high E.R.P. (up to 100 kW). As there is also some terrain decoupling, in some cases it would be possible to combine two or more DVB-T allotments, depending on the co-channel usage in other neighbouring countries.

The Croatian approach to coverage extension is based on the introduction of new transmitters in SFN on a dominant location but with low or medium power in order not to increase much interference with a neighbouring country. The aim is to provide coverage for fixed reception in a larger area (extension of SFN to one or two neighbouring allotments) without any or significant

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interference increase. The figure below shows some combinations of the national coverage that could technically be introduced in Croatia after the coordination process is completed.

a) 9 allotment areas for DVB-T2 – the same division as for DVB-T

b) 4 allotment areas for DVB-T2 – merging 2-3 allotments for DVB-T

With this reallocation of frequency resources in Croatia there could be 7-8 national coverages for DVB-T2 in the 470-790 MHz frequency band. At least one of the DVB-T2 coverages should keep the existing DVB-T allotment configuration due to free to air regional services.

Based on the above demonstrated planning approach and the example shown, we believe it would be possible to re-plan the GE’06 plan in other countries of the region as well, taking their own specifics and needs into account, but eventually getting a harmonized and improved GE’06 plan with equitable access and efficient use of the spectrum.

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4.3.3 Examples from Slovenia The Slovenian case is pretty simple because there are only 3 allotments and current needs for national networks may be satisfied even if digital dividend 2 takes place assuming that some missing coverages for national networks could be filled using the channels envisaged for local coverages.

Regarding allotment rearrangements Slovenia has the following limitations:  Allotment Zahod (West) is part of the so called Adriatic agreement where the spectrum is equally shared between Italy and Adriatic countries. Possible channels are already assigned to Slovenia (and Croatia).  Allotment Vzhod (East) is in the region where four countries meet and the number of available channels is already below the average.

Therefore the current Slovenian approach is to stick with the original GE06 allotment layout. However, taking into account that next national networks will use DVB-T2, it would be possible to slightly extend the Center allotment toward east (or vice versa) and fill missing coverage with local transmitters to avoid high-power high-tower transmitters that would be incompatible with neighbouring countries. For the West allotment there are enough channels available so no rearrangement is needed.

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5 Digital Dividend – Implementation activities

5.1 Introduction Soon after the RRC06 conference, where the planning of analogue terrestrial television broadcasting was replaced by the planning for digital TV, the possibility of a more efficient use of the radio frequency spectrum for digital broadcasting arouse more and more the interest in the mobile services community who complained about not having enough frequencies to develop their services, especially in rural areas.

It was proposed that a proportion of the frequency band allocated to digital terrestrial television should be used for mobile services, because through the switch over from analogue to digital broadcasting it was possible to use fewer frequencies for transmitting more TV programmes than before.

In the year 2007, WRC-07 co-allocated the band 790-862 MHz (channels 61-69) to the mobile service (except aeronautical mobile) on a primary basis from 17th June 2015 in Region 1 with an identification of the band for IMT. In some European countries this allocation is valid before 2015 and a subject to technical coordination with other countries contracting to the GE06 Agreement.

This frequency band, the so-called Digital Dividend I, enables the mobile service to make use of the frequency range 791 MHz - 862 MHz, which has been used before for terrestrial television broadcasting and in some countries for military services.

On 21th March 2012, the Decision No. 243/2012/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14th March 2012 was published. The decision demands that Member States have to make every effort to identify at least 1200 MHz of suitable spectrum in the frequency range from 400 MHz to 6 GHz for broadband data traffic by 2015.

In the preparation of the WRC-15, the working group JTG 4,5,6,7 was established to make technical sharing studies in candidate bands between mobile broadband and existing services and in particular to carry out such studies in the 700 MHz band (commonly known as Digital Dividend II), between broadcasting services and mobile services.

In this regard, the future development of digital terrestrial television broadcasting, like the introduction of HDTV, 3D- television or other uprising new technologies, which will need additional spectrum, accompanied with the demand of higher data rate, should not be forgotten.

Pertaining the 800 MHz band, a lot of studies were carried out since 2007, to investigate the potential of interference of the new mobile service into the broadcasting service below 790 MHz.

CEPT Report 31 concluded that the preferred harmonised frequency arrangement is 2 x 30 MHz with a duplex gap of 11 MHz, based on a block size of 5 MHz, paired and with reverse duplex direction, and a guard band of 1 MHz starting at 790MHz. The FDD downlink starts at 791 MHz and FDD uplink starts at 832 MHz.

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The following picture shows the band plan for the mobile services in the 800 MHz band.

The loss of 9 TV broadcast channels (channel 61 – 69) in the range of 790 to 862 MHz means also a reduction of available Spectrum for PMSE and also the TV - cable system may suffer under leakage radiation,

Additional cross border coordination has to be conducted in the case, if one of two neighbouring countries wishes to retain the band 790 – 862 MHz for broadcasting services. The CEPT Report 29 deals with the technical conditions for such cases.

The existing broadcasting systems in the channels below 61 have also to be protected. Therefore channel 52 up to channel 60 were technically analysed in several international study groups. The results of these studies are published in the ECC Report 148.

5.2 Extracts from ECC report 148 Report 148 summarises the CEPT activity relating to measurements on the performance of DVB- T receivers in terms of measured carrier-to-interference protection ratios and overloading thresholds in the presence of interference from LTE. It is aimed to assist administrations seeking to protect their broadcasting services in the band 470-790 MHz from interference generated by LTE in the band 790-862 MHz.

The Report is complementary to ECC Report 138, which addresses the performance of DVB-T receivers in the presence of interference from UMTS.

The protection ratios presented in Report 148 have been normalised to 64-QAM 2/3 DVB-T 8 MHz bandwidth system variants in static (Gaussian channel) and time-varying (Rayleigh channel) reception conditions using the values in the RRC-06 Final Acts. In order to obtain protection ratios for different system variants and for different reception conditions the correction factors given in Table 4 (copy of Table A.4.4-15 of the RRC-06 Final Acts) should be used. Noting that these correction factors, which were obtained on the basis of C/N measurements (i.e. the propagation channel was applied to the wanted signal only), are relative to 64-QAM 2/3 DVB-T, they need to be adjusted (normalized to a corresponding system variant) before being added to other protection ratios, e.g. for DVB-T 16-QAM 2/3 and 64-QAM 3/4.

The protection ratios and overloading thresholds obtained for LTE-BS interferer are listed in Table 5a, for different receiver types and tuner technologies.

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5.3 Protection of broadcasting services against LTE 5.3.1 Protection of DVB-T 5.3.1.1 Minimum equivalent field strength Different system types of DVB-T require different minimum equivalent field strength. Higher values of minimum equivalent field strength allow higher values for interfering field strength, if all other relevant parameters are not changed. 5.3.1.2 Protection ratios Derived from the ITU-R Report BT.2215 ”Measurement of protection ratios and overload threshold for TV receivers” the following tables show the values for the protection ratios for a certain reference DVB-T system. It is probably that these values will be implemented in the next version of the Recommentdation ITU – R BT 1368.

The protection ratio and overload threshold can be significantly different for silicon tuners1 and can tuners2. Silicon tuners are increasingly being used in TV receiver equipment including high- end products such as iDTVs and PVRs. As silicon and can tuners have different performance characteristics, broadcasting network planners are advised to consider the relative usage volumes of each tuner type and the difference in characteristics during network planning. Compared to can tuners, silicon tuners do not suffer from degradations in PR and Oth when the interferer is at the 36 MHz IF frequency or at the 2 IF = 72 MHz image frequency; however some have higher protection ratios at other frequency offsets. The range of protection ratios and overload thresholds obtained for LTE-BS interferer is listed in Table 36bis for can tuners and Table 37bis for silicon tuners for the BS traffic load range of 0% to 100%.

TABLE 36bis th th th th PR values at the 50 and 90 percentile and Oth values at the 10 and 50 percentile for a 8 MHz DVB-T 64-QAM with code rate 2/3 signal interfered with by a 10 MHz LTE BS signal in a Gaussian channel environment for can tuners (see Notes 1 to 4)

Interferer offset PR, dB PR, dB Oth, dBm Oth, dBm N/(MHz) 50th percentile 90th percentile 10th percentile 50th percentile 1/(10 MHz) -46 … -39 -37 … -33 -15 … -13 -11 … -9 2/(18 MHz) -53 … -46 -50 … -42 -8 … -5 -3 … -2 3/(26 MHz) -56 … -50 -51 … -41 -15 … -11 -8 … -3 4/(34 MHz) -62 … -53 -57 … -46 -19 … -10 -12 … -7 5/(42 MHz) -67 … -64 -63 … -51 -8 … -6 -4 … -3 6/(50 MHz) -68 … -64 -58 … -53 -6 … -4 -2 … 1 7/(58 MHz) -71 … -67 -66 … -58 -5 … -2 0 … 2 8/(66 MHz) -68 … -58 -58 … -51 -5 … -1 1 … 2 9/(74 MHz) -55 … -47 -46 … -39 -3 … -1 2 … 4 Document name / version: Assessment of the technical framework / A-1.0 Page: 41/79

NOTE 1 – PR is applicable unless the interfering signal level is above the corresponding Oth. If the interfering signal level is above the corresponding Oth, the receiver is interfered with by the interfering signal whatever the signal to interference ratio is. NOTE 2 – At wanted signal level close to receiver sensitivity, noise should be taken into account, e.g. at sensitivity +3 dB, 3 dB should be added to the PR. NOTE 3 − PR for different system variants and various reception conditions can be obtained using the correction factors in Table 50 in § 4 of this Annex. The overload threshold is assumed to be independent of system variant and reception conditions.

TABLE 37bis th th th th PR values at the 50 and 90 percentile and Oth values at the 10 and 50 percentile for a 8 MHz DVB-T 64-QAM with code rate 2/3 signal interfered with by a 10 MHz LTE BS signal in a Gaussian channel environment for silicon tuners (see Notes 1 to 4)

PR, dB PR, dB O , dBm O , dBm Interferer offset N/(MHz) th th 50th percentile 90th percentile 10th percentile 50th percentile 1/(10 MHz) -41 … -32 -40 … -26 -40 … -13 -31 … -3 2/(18 MHz) -52 … -40 -47 … -22 -32 … -10 -6 … 1 3/(26 MHz) -52 … -39 -48 … -25 -39 … -9 -5 … 3 4/(34 MHz) -55 … -45 -49 … -29 -29 … -8 -5 … 4 5/(42 MHz) -55 … -50 -51 … -33 -28 … -8 -3 … 5 6/(50 MHz) -57 … -50 -51 … -35 -26 … -8 -4 … 4 7/(58 MHz) -57 … -54 -52 … -38 -25 … -8 -4 … 3 8/(66 MHz) -57 … -55 -52 … -39 -24 … -8 -4 … 3 9/(74 MHz) -57 … -53 -51 … -41 -23 … -8 3 … 5

NOTE 1 – PR is applicable unless the interfering signal level is above the corresponding Oth. If the interfering signal level is above the corresponding Oth, the receiver is interfered with by the interfering signal whatever the signal to interference ratio is. NOTE 2 – At wanted signal level close to receiver sensitivity, noise should be taken into account, e.g. at sensitivity +3 dB, 3 dB should be added to the PR. NOTE 3 − PR for different system variants and various reception conditions can be obtained using the correction factors in Table 50 in § 4 of this Annex. The overload threshold is assumed to be independent of system variant and reception conditions.

5.3.1.3 Blocking effects Receiver blocking is the effect of a strong out-of-band interfering signal influencing the receiver’s ability to detect a low-level wanted signal. Receiver blocking response (or performance level) is defined as the maximum interfering signal level expressed in dBm reducing the specified receiver sensitivity by a certain number of dB's (usually 3 dB).Consequently, the receiver blocking response is normally evaluated at a wanted signal level which is 3 dB above the receiver sensitivity and at frequencies differing from that of the wanted signal.

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The following table (Table 5b from ECC Report 148) shows the overload threshold for LTE BS signal as interferer. In Table 7b LTE User Equipment is the interferer.

5.3.2 Protection of DVB-T2 Protection ratios are required for compatibility considerations with regard to other radio systems. These cover intra-protections ratios (DVB-T2 vs. DVB-T2) and inter-protection ratios (DVB-T2 vs. other non-T2 radio systems, broadcasting as well as non-broadcasting), co-channel as well as adjacent channel protection ratios. In addition, overload thresholds are relevant criterias for the assessment of compatibility.

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5.3.2.1 Minimum equivalent field strength In the next table the minimum median power flux densities and equivalent field strengths are presented which are needed for practical network planning considerations. Six different reception modes are described.

The DVB-T2 variants indicated in the following table is an example for a possible choice of the variant. For each reception mode there are several DVB-T2 variants available with their respective bit rates. In addition, the choice of the guard interval affects the bit rate, but does not change the required C/N. Therefore in the tables for the available net bit rate a range is given. Not all guard interval lengths are available for the chosen pilot pattern. If the latter is changed, also the C/N may slightly change.

In the table the reception height is 10 m above ground level (a.g.l.) for fixed reception and 1.5 m a.g.l. for the other reception modes.

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Handheld mobile Portable Portable Handheld Fixed Mobile/rural Class H-D/ outdoor/urban indoor/urban portable outdoor integrated antenna

Frequency Freq MHz 650 650 650 650 650 650

Minimum C/N required by system1 C/N dB 18.9 17.1 17.1 9.4 12.3 9

256-QAM 64-QAM 64-QAM 16-QAM 16-QAM 16-QAM System variant (example) FEC 2/3, 32k, FEC 2/3, 32k, FEC 2/3, 16k, FEC 1/2, 8k, FEC 2/3, 16k, FEC 1/2, 8k, PP7 Extended PP3 Extended PP3 Extended PP2 Extended PP3 Extended PP3 Extended

Bit rate (indicative values) Mbit/s 33-40 23-29 23-29 11-13 15-19 12-14

Receiver Noise Figure F dB 6 6 6 6 6 6

Equivalent noise band width B MHz 7.77 7.77 7.77 7.71 7.77 7.71

Receiver noise input power Pn dBW -129.1 -129.1 -129.1 -129.1 -129.1 -129.1

Min. receiver signal input power Ps min dBW -110.2 -112.0 -112.0 -119.7 -116.8 -120.1

Min. equivalent receiver input voltage, 75 ohm Umin dBµV 28.6 26.8 26.8 19.0 22.0 18.6

Feeder loss Lf dB 4 0 0 0 0 0

Antenna gain relative to half dipole Gd dB 11 0 0 0 -9.5 -9.5

Effective antenna aperture Aa dBm2 -4.6 -15.6 -15.6 -15.6 -25.1 -25.1

Min Power flux density at receiving location min dB(W)/m2 -101.6 -96.4 -96.4 -104.1 -91.7 -95.0

Min equivalent field strength at receiving location Emin dBµV/m 44.2 49.4 49.4 41.7 54.1 50.8

Allowance for man-made noise Pmmn dB 0 1 1 0 0 0

Penetration loss (building or vehicle) Lb, Lh dB 0 0 11 0 0 8

Standard deviation of the penetration loss dB 0 0 6 0 0 2

Diversity gain Div dB 0 0 0 0 0 0

Location probability % 70 70 70 90 70 90

Distribution factor 0.5244 0.5244 0.5244 1.28 0.5244 1.28

Standard deviation 5.5 5.5 8.1 5.5 5.5 5.9

Location correction factor Cl dB 2.8842 2.8842 4.24764 7.04 2.8842 7.552

2 Minimum median power flux density at reception height ; 2 med dB(W)/m -98.7 -92.5 -80.2 -97.1 -88.8 -79.5 50% time and 50% locations

Minimum median equivalent field strength at reception Emed_1.5m dBµV/m 47.1 53.3 65.6 48.7 57.0 66.3 height2; 50% time and 50% locations

Location probability % 95 95 95 99 95 99

Distribution factor 1.6449 1.6449 1.6449 2.3263 1.6449 2.3263

Standard deviation 5.5 5.5 8.1 5.5 5.5 5.9

Location correction factor Cl dB 9.04695 9.04695 13.32369 12.79465 9.04695 13.72517

2 Minimum median power flux density at reception height ; 2 med dB(W)/m -92.6 -86.4 -71.1 -91.4 -82.7 -73.3 50% time and 50% locations

Minimum median equivalent field strength reception Emed_1.5m dBµV/m 53.2 59.4 74.7 54.4 63.1 72.5 height2; 50% time and 50% locations 1 Raw C/N values; they do not include 2 10m for fixed reception and 1.5m for the other reception modes implementation margin

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5.3.3 DVB-T2 in Band IV/V 5.3.3.1 Protection ratios The case of adjacent channel interference of DVB-T2 by LTE was studied in the context of the discussion of the “Digital Dividend I” in Europe [ECC148]. The following tables show the protection ratios and overload thresholds for three different traffic loadings on the LTE base station. Low traffic loadings increase the time variation in the LTE interference signal which causes degradations in protection ratios and overload thresholds in some receiver designs. Again, the information is taken from [WP6A-619]

So far the Recommendation ITU-R BT.2254 (Frequency and network planning aspects of DVB- T2) was approved at WP6A. This document contains these protection ratios as shown in the tables.

5.3.3.2 Blocking effects Similar measurements as for the adjacent channel case were performed for the case of overload. Table 3.7 gives the values for the base station case and Table 3.8 for the case of terminal interference.

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5.4 Block Edge Mask Measurements on LTE800 Base Stations Within the CEPT FM Working Group 22 (FM 22) Germany published in the year 2012 a working paper regarding the possible measurements procedures and setups of BEM (Block Edge Masks) of LTE Base Stations to minimize the interference on broadcasting systems.

Practically this document describes the assessment of block edge masks for LTE base station (BS) transmitters within the frequency band 790-820 MHz, also referred to as LTE 800.

The LTE800 interfaces are based on OFDM modulation. Supported modulations of the OFDM subcarriers include BPSK, QPSK and QAM. Channel bandwidths can be chosen flexibly between 1.25 MHz and 20 MHz. FDD and TDD duplexing is allowed. Multiplexing the downlink data streams for different users is done by OFDMA. The LTE transmission system has a burst

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structure with modulation scheme, power and number of active OFDM carriers being variable, even within a single burst.

Resolution 2010/267/EU of the European Commission defines the relevant BEM to a certain extent. Some figures, however, depend on the actual channelling plan. To be able to provide concrete figures, the German document presented in the CEPT FM Working Group 22 (FM 22) uses the LTE800 allocation and the actual BEM limits used in Germany as an example.

Further information regarding this on-going discussion can be found inside the FM 22 working group on the www.cept.org website. It was decided within the FM 22 working group to propose a measurement method as soon as more practical experience is gained.

5.5 Actions to be taken to avoid interference As it has been pointed out in different studies, in some areas interference has to be expected. At a first step the mobile operators (MO) have to consider during the site evaluation the next situated settlement, which is already covered by DVB-T.

In case of a possible interference situation mitigation techniques have to be applied (for example power reduction, frequency offset, antenna pattern change, antenna down tilt, polarisation change or payment for increase of coverage field strength (additional installation of a local broadcast gap filler on the base station site)).

5.6 Example where interference can occur The following text shows an examination in the area of North Lower Austria on UHF channel 60.

To find out where it is likely that interference can occur in the serving area of broadcast, caused by the downlink of mobile base stations, a simulation was done in the area of the northern part of the federal state of Lower Austria.

A topographical map of this area with masked topographic heights is shown in the following Figure 1. The used colour describes different topology heights. Blue is highest, orange is lowest altitude.

The mobile stations, shown as red signs with their corresponding names beside, are based on an existing network configuration. The broadcasting stations of the real network are shown as green sites (only the gap-filler transmitter Poysdorf can be seen, the main transmitter site serving this area is WIEN 1 which is further south, outside of the map-extract). In the lower left corner a ruler is faded in to recon the size of the area under consideration.

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Figure 1: A possible LTE 800 network configuration based on GSM 900 radio network in the area of the northern part of Lower Austria

In the compatibility calculations the wanted signal originates from a real existing DVB-T network in operation. Several DVB-T transmitters operate in a SFN configuration (Single Frequency Network, all transmitters are synchronized and use the same channel). The combined field strengh stemming from the radiation of those transmitters is then calculated. The unwanted signal stems from the mobile base stations. The protection ratios cited in this document are used for the calculation of the maximum allowed interfering field strenght value at a certain pixel for the mobile base station.

The zones where disturbance is to be expected are those areas where the sum of mobile base station field strength plus the applicable protection ratio is higher than the field strength of the broadcast service, provided that the minimum field strength of the targeted reception conditions for broadcasting are met.

The mobile station Gnadendorf is one of the critical stations with a potential of interference regarding broadcasting reception in the village of Gnadendorf. The following Figure 2 shows the field strength transmitted by the mobile base station in Gnadendorf. The yellow colour shows a high, the blue colour a low fieldstrength value stemming from the base station (BS), which is marked as a green circle in the map. And the red colour shows a fieldstrength value between yellow and blue colour. Document name / version: Assessment of the technical framework / A-1.0 Page: 49/79

Figure 2: Field strength estimation in a critical effected area of the village Gnadendorf depicted on a Google Earth map

Close to the mobile base station the field strength of the LTE signal - as it can be seen in the above picture - is very high. Additionally the examined area is far away from the DVB-T transmitter sites, hence the wanted DVB-T signal reaches merly the necessary minimum equivalent field strength for coverage.

As a consequence the area in the surrounding of the base station is the critical area where interference of DVB-T reception will most likely occur. The following picture (Figure 3) shows the result of the compatibility calculations.

Figure 3: Probably disturbed area’s by LTE 800 (purple marked area) in the center of Gnadendorf

The area in purple in the above map shows the zone of the expected potential interference as a result of the calculations. The remaining parts of the village of Gnadenworf should remain unimpaired, which is the area in brown color.

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Conclusions for this example:

The critical areas, where interference could occur, is the near surrounding of the base station, where the interfering field strength from the base station is very high. If the closest settlement to the base station is far enough away, no interference will occur, when people receive the broadcasting signal at home. The size of the critical area depends mainly on the power of the base station. If e.g. fixed reception for broadcasting is used, changing the polarization of the antenna at the base station can also help to avoid interference. This would be one of the mitigation techniques as described in chapter 4.5 in this report.

Links to mentioned documents: http://www.erodocdb.dk/docs/doc98/official/pdf/ECCDec0903.pdf http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/official/pdf/CEPTREP031.PDF http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/official/pdf/ECCREP148.PDF

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6 Annex

6.1 Comments from Albania to the questionnaire

1.) General questions on sound and TV broadcasting transmission:

Q1- Can you update the decision about the future usage of the frequency band 790-862 MHz (Digital Dividend I)? When will the digital dividend spectrum be available for mobile services? Answer: The usage of the frequency band 790-962 MHz (DD I) in accordance of WRC 12 will be available for mobile services after 2015. The approved Strategy for ASO, does not specify future usage of the frequency bands 700 MHz (DD II).

Q2- How many households receive their TV programs via terrestrial, cable, satellite and IPTV? Please specify in the table below the updated values. Total number of TV HH (INSTAT)

Cable Satellite Terrestrial IPTV Analogue (in % of TV HH) Digital (in % of TV HH)

Answer: No answer. Maybe it will be answered in a later time as we don’t have accurate data currently.

Q3- Do you plan an ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? When is/was the ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? Please specify the updated value. Answer: The law approved at March 4, 2013 “On Audiovisual Media in the republic of Albania” defines 17 June 2015 as the ATO date.

2.) Questions to digital sound broadcasting:

Q4- When did you or have you planned to start with digital sound transmission? Answer: No decision or plan taken for digital sound broadcasting to be introduced

Q5- Which transmission system is planned or will be used (e.g. DAB+)? Answer: It will be decided at later date.

Q6- How many nationwide multiplexes are currently planned for the starting phase and for the final phase?

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Answer: For Albania, Geneva 06 Plan contains frequencies that can be used for of 2 T-DAB nationwide networks in the band 174 – 230 MHz.

Q7- What reception mode (mobile/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Answer: Geneva 06 Plan for T-DAB in the band 174 – 230 MHz envisages portable indoor reception.

Q8- Strategy for regional / local sound broadcasting? Answer: There is no strategy defined on national/regional/local sound broadcasting.

Q9- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions for digital terrestrial sound broadcasting? Answer: No one.

3.) Questions to digital television broadcasting:

Q10- When did you or have you planned to start with digital TV transmission? Answer: There is no licensed digital TV Transmissions in Albania. There are some unlicensed, one of which covers more than 1/3 of Albanian territory since 2004 (DVB-T, MPEG2). It was planned October 2012 to begin the building of Public broadcaster digital network. This is postponed.

Q11- Which transmission system is planned or will be used? Answer: By the strategy it is decided the use of DVB-T2 standard. Coding standard is defined ITU-T H.264/AVC (MPEG-4 Part 10)

Q12- What reception mode (fixed/portable-outdoor/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Answer: The reception mode is portable-indoor

Q13- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? Answer: National Public broadcaster 2 MUX-es - 2 layers National private broadcasters 3 MUX-es - 3 layers Local private broadcasters 11 MUX-es - 1 layer The usage of 2 remaining layers to be decided later

Q14- Strategy for regional / local TV? Answer: By the Strategy document, three options will be offered to the existing analogue local broadcasters to pass to the digital platforms: 1. to be carried out by public broadcaster’s digital network at the controlled prices (or by national private broadcasters at liberalized prices); 2. All existing broadcasters of an allotment, to build jointly a local digital network, or 3. To license a local digital network at the open tender procedure Document name / version: Assessment of the technical framework / A-1.0 Page: 53/79

Option 3 is to be introduced if the previous options fail.

Q15- Strategy for free / pay TV platforms? Answer: The strategy for the pay TV platforms is not yet defined.

Q16- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions? Answer: No current or planed pilot projects. The existing unlicensed digital networks are serving as the test networks.

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6.2 Comments from Austria to the questionnaire

1.) General questions on sound and TV broadcasting transmission:

Q1- Can you update the decision about the future usage of the frequency band 790-862 MHz (Digital Dividend I)? When will the digital dividend spectrum be available for mobile services? The auction for the 800 MHz band will be carried out together with the 900 MHz band and the 1800 MHz band in September 2013.

Q2- How many households receive their TV programs via terrestrial, cable, satellite and IPTV? Please specify in the table below the updated values. Total number of TV HH8: 3.526.000

Cable Satellite Terrestrial IPTV Analogue (in 20 - - - % of TV HH) Digital (in % 20 55 6 4 of TV HH)

Q3- Do you plan an ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? When is/was the ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? Please specify the updated value. Please specify the current date: The ATO was on 7th of June 2011

2.) Questions to digital sound broadcasting:

Q4- When did you or have you planned to start with digital sound transmission? Please specify: not yet decided! In Austria most of the broadcasters of FM radio, including the public broadcaster ORF expressed their wish to postpone the introduction of digital radio, depending on the success of the new DAB+ initiative in Germany, where a nationwide DAB+ Multiplex was put into operation in August 2011 additional to some for a long time already existing regional public T-DAB Multiplexes.

Q5- Which transmission system is planned or will be used (e.g. DAB+)? Please specify the current status: DAB+ / DRM+ DAB+ is identified as the favoured system to be used. However DAB/DAB+ is optimized for large coverage areas with a quite large number of programmes transmitted in the same multiplex, which may be not suitable for local and regional radio broadcasters. For these broadcasters DRM+ seems to be an adequate system in particular as the standard was successfully extended into Band III, which offers available frequencies for the introduction of such a system whereas frequencies in Band II are not yet available because of the extensive usage for FM radio.

8 Source: AGTT/GfK Austria, Jänner 2013 Document name / version: Assessment of the technical framework / A-1.0 Page: 55/79

Q6- How many nationwide multiplexes are currently planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? Please specify: not yet decided!

Q7- What reception mode (mobile/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Please specify the current status: portable-indoor will be used for planning.

Q8- Strategy for regional / local sound broadcasting? Please specify: not yet decided!

Q9- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions for digital terrestrial sound broadcasting? Please specify: There are no pilot projects or test transmissions at the moment!

3.) Questions to digital television broadcasting:

Q10- When did you or have you planned to start with digital TV transmission? Please specify the current date: - 26th October 2006 for DVB-T - April 2013 for DVB-T2

Q11- Which transmission system is planned or will be used? Please specify the updated information: DVB-T and DVB-T2 DVB-T: In Austria 16 QAM modulation scheme is used, guard interval 1/8 or 1/4, code rate 3/4 or 5/6 for the nationwide multiplex A, B and parts of the local multiplex C. Additionally QPSK modulation scheme, guard interval 1/8 or 1/4, code rate 2/3 or 3/4 is used for parts of the local multiplex C. DVB-T2: 64 QAM modulation scheme, guard interval 1/16, code rate 3/4 and pilot pattern 4 for the nationwide multiplex D, E and F will be used.

Q12- What reception mode (fixed/portable-outdoor/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Please specify: The five nationwide networks MUX A, B, D, E and F provide a portable-indoor coverage in the high densely populated areas and a fixed reception in the rural areas. The regional and local multiplexes (MUX C) provide only fixed reception.

Q13- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? Please specify the updated information: Currently two nationwide networks are in operation, further three nationwide networks will start in April 2013.

Q14- Strategy for regional / local TV? Please specify:

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One layer (MUX C) from the GE06 Plan was spent for regional and local TV broadcasting. The first three tenders (“open tender”) took place in 2007, 2009 and 2011. Open tender means that the interested multiplex operators can define their coverage area and their own broadcasting network. If there is more than one applicant in one area the Media Authority (KommAustria) has to decide based on a “Beauty contest” which applicant will get the license.

According to the updated digitalisation strategy additional frequency resources for regional and local TV broadcasting can only be derived from so called “white spaces”.

Q15- Strategy for free / pay TV platforms? Please specify (e.g. scrambling, business model): According the Austrian digitalisation strategy “Free TV” and “Pay TV” platforms are possible. However, if there is more than one applicant the regulation on selection criteria favours e.g. “Free TV” services in comparison to “Pay TV” services.

Q16- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions? Please specify: Since April 2010 the ORS uses channel 53 and channel 60 for a pilot project in the region of Vienna to test DVB-T2.

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6.3 Comments from Bosnia and Herzegovina to the questionnaire

1.) General questions on sound and TV broadcasting transmission:

Q1- Can you update the decision about the future usage of the frequency band 790-862 MHz (Digital Dividend I)? When will the digital dividend spectrum be available for mobile services? The information is not available yet Additional comments (e.g. national strategies, roadmaps, status of current discussions)?

Q2- How many households receive their TV programs via terrestrial, cable, satellite and IPTV? Please specify in the table below the updated values. Total number of TV HH:

Cable Satellite Terrestrial IPTV Analogue (in a+d 31.11% 7.30% 9.11% % of TV HH) Digital (in % of TV HH)

Q3- Do you plan an ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? When is/was the ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? Please specify the updated value. Please specify the current date END OF 2014

2.) Questions to digital sound broadcasting:

Q4- When did you or have you planned to start with digital sound transmission? Please specify No plans

Q5- Which transmission system is planned or will be used (e.g. DAB+)? Please specify the current status Information not available yet

Q6- How many nationwide multiplexes are currently planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? Please specify 1. MUX A FOR PBS 2. MUX B FOR COMMERCIAL NATONAL TVs, 3. MUX C FOR LOCAL TV

Q7- What reception mode (mobile/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Please specify the current status INDOOR

Q8- Strategy for regional / local sound broadcasting?

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Please specify NO STRATEGY

Q9- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions for digital terrestrial sound broadcasting? Please specify: NO PILOT PROJECTS

3.) Questions to digital television broadcasting:

Q10- When did you or have you planned to start with digital TV transmission? Please specify the current date: 2013

Q11- Which transmission system is planned or will be used? Please specify the updated information DVB-T MPEG4

Q12- What reception mode (fixed/portable-outdoor/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Please specify; PORTABLE, OUTDOOR

Q13- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? Please specify the updated information: 2 FOR START, 6 + 2 FINAL

Q14- Strategy for regional / local TV? Please specify: THE PLAN INCLUDES RESOURCES FOR LOCAL COVERAGE (2 MULTIPLEXES PER MUNICIPALITY)

Q15- Strategy for free / pay TV platforms? Please specify (e.g. scrambling, business model) AFTER SO

Q16- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions? Please specify NO PILOT

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6.4 Comments from Croatia to the questionnaire

1.) General questions on sound and TV broadcasting transmission:

Q1- Can you update the decision about the future usage of the frequency band 790-862 MHz (Digital Dividend I)? When will the digital dividend spectrum be available for mobile services? The 790-862 MHz frequency band was assigned on 29th October 2012 to two mobile operators (2x20 MHz to Hrvatski Telekom and VIPnet).

Q2- How many households receive their TV programs via terrestrial, cable, satellite and IPTV? Please specify in the table below the updated values. Total number of TV HH: 1495708

Cable Satellite Terrestrial IPTV Analogue (in *9,7% (analogue *6,8% (analogue 0 - % of TV HH) and digital and digital Digital (in % combined) combined) *59,7% *23,8% of TV HH) *These statistics are applicable to platforms that transmit the public broadcaster (HRT1 and HRT2)

Q3- Do you plan an ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? When is/was the ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? Please specify the updated value. The Analogue switch-off date in Croatia was 31. December 2010. On 5th October 2010, all high- power analogue transmitters of the national broadcasters were switched off. Analogue transmitters of the regional/local broadcasters remained in operation until 31th December 2010.

Additional comments? Several low power analogue sites remained in operation until 30. September 2011. All of them are now switched off.

2.) Questions to digital sound broadcasting:

Q4- When did you or have you planned to start with digital sound transmission? We plan to start with digital transmission with nationwide multiplex in 2013/2014.

Q5- Which transmission system is planned or will be used (e.g. DAB+)? Probably DAB+

Q6- How many nationwide multiplexes are currently planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? Croatia has three nationwide multiplex in VHF Band III. First step is to ensure one nationwide multiplex.

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Q7- What reception mode (mobile/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Portable indoor is planned for coverage.

Q8- Strategy for regional / local sound broadcasting? There is no at the moment.

Q9- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions for digital terrestrial sound broadcasting? First test transmission was in year 1997 on site Sljeme, DAB, 12C. There are three public programs in the multiplex in operation. Further plans on test transmission envisage pilot projects in the Istria and/or Zagreb Region.

3.) Questions to digital television broadcasting:

Q10- When did you or have you planned to start with digital TV transmission? While the DTT platform officially launched in May 2009, extensive trials had been underway beforehand. In May 2002, trials began in Zagreb while in 2007 the government undertook its Digital Istria project to allow Istria to become the first all-digital region in the country. In addition, an HD trial on the DTT platform took place in Zagreb, Split, Rijeka and Osijek in 2007 and 2008. In addition, a DVB-H trial was conducted in Zagreb and Rijeka in 2009.

Q11- Which transmission system is planned or will be used? For multiplexes MUX A, MUX B and MUX D the DVB-T system is used with MPEG-2 coding. For multiplexes MUX C and MUX E the transmission system is technologically DVB-T2 with H.264/AVC coding. Additional comments (e.g. modulation scheme, guard interval, code rate, encoding technique, average data rate per program)? The most common system variant in Croatia is 64-QAM modulation scheme, 1/4 guard interval and 3/4 code rate. There are some cases where 16-QAM modulation scheme is used for local/regional broadcasters. The average data rate per program is about 3.7 Mbit/s up to 5 Mbit/s depending on the multiplex. The DVB-T2 system used in multiplexes MUX C and MUX E uses 256-QAM modulation scheme, 19/256 guard interval and 2/3 code rate.

Q12- What reception mode (fixed/portable-outdoor/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Fixed reception mode is planned for coverage.

Q13- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? Multiplexes MUX A and MUX B were in operation during the launch of the DTT platform in Croatia in 2009. Multiplex MUX D followed in 2010. In August 2011 HAKOM started a tendering procedure for granting the license for spectrum usage for managing two digital television networks for two new multiplexes (MUX C and MUX E). The license is technologically neutral, e.g. DVB-T or DVB-T2 transmission standards, MPEG-2 or H.264/AVC encoding standards can be used with possible conditional access system, ensuring Document name / version: Assessment of the technical framework / A-1.0 Page: 61/79

preconditions for providing free TV and pay TV services, as well as other services within the multiplex. HAKOM has granted the licence for multiplexes MUX C and MUX E in October 2011. It is expected that further multiplexes will be implemented when the frequencies become available.

Q14- Strategy for regional / local TV? The multiplex MUX D, consists of two networks, and is available to provide both national/regional as well as local services.

Q15- Strategy for free / pay TV platforms? All of the services on multiplexes MUX A, MUX B and MUX D are available free-to-air and use the MPEG-2 video and audio compression format. This compression technology was selected given the widespread penetration of compatible receivers in Croatia during the trial of the DTT platform. To try to determine interest in the market for the provision of new services on the DTT platform, the regulator HAKOM opened a consultation in November 2010 inviting potential service providers to comment on how additional DTT capacity should be used. Possible uses include pay-DTT, mobile television and HD services. HAKOM used the results of this consultation as the basis for its decision about how the remaining available RF spectrum will be used. In August 2011 HAKOM started a tendering procedure for granting the license for spectrum usage for managing two digital television networks for two new multiplexes (MUX C and MUX E). The license is technologically neutral, e.g. DVB-T or DVB-T2 transmission standards, MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 encoding standards can be used with possible conditional access system, ensuring preconditions for providing that can be used for free TV and pay TV services, as well as other services within the multiplex. After finalization of tendering procedure the license for two digital television networks for multiplexes MUX C and MUX E was issued in October 2011 to the consortium of Croatian companies (HP Produkcija d.o.o., Odašiljači i veze d.o.o. and Hrvatska pošta d.d.). According to the offer and issued license, license holders are providing pay TV services, as well as other services based on H.264/AVC encoding standard and conditional access system within the multiplexes using DVB-T2 transmission standard.

Q16- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions? There is no test transmission currently in Croatia.

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6.5 Comments from Hungary to the questionnaire

1.) General questions on sound and TV broadcasting transmission:

Q1- Can you update the decision about the future usage of the frequency band 790-862 MHz (Digital Dividend I)? When will the digital dividend spectrum be available for mobile services? Hungary will make the digital dividend available to mobile broadband services in conformity with the RSPP Decision (243/2012/EU) after the analogue switch-off completion.

Q2- How many households receive their TV programs via terrestrial, cable, satellite and IPTV? Please specify in the table below the updated values.

Total number of TV HH: 3,94 Million

Cable /IPTV Satellite Terrestrial IPTV Analogue (in % of TV HH) 40 % - 9 % Please see 1st column Digital (in % of TV HH) 27 % (included 22 % 2 % Please see 1st IPTV) column

Q3- Do you plan an ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? When is/was the ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? Please specify the updated value. The analogue switch-off will be executed in two phases. The first phase will be completed on the 31 of July 2013 affecting approximately 57% of the population. The second phase will be completed on the 31th of October 2013 affecting the remaining part of the population. The process is coordinated by the NMHH.

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2.) Questions to digital sound broadcasting:

Q4- When did you or have you planned to start with digital sound transmission? The digital radio transmission started in the area of Budapest in 2008. The transmission in other areas of the country is delayed.

Q5- Which transmission system is planned or will be used (e.g. DAB+)? DAB+

Q6- How many nationwide multiplexes are currently planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? 1 MUX

Q7- What reception mode (mobile/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Portable-indoor

Q8- Strategy for regional / local sound broadcasting? No.

Q9- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions for digital terrestrial sound broadcasting? No.

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3.) Questions to digital television broadcasting:

Q10- When did you or have you planned to start with digital TV transmission? The digital terrestrial transmission started in 2008.

Q11- Which transmission system is planned or will be used? DVB-T / MPEG-4

Q12- What reception mode (fixed/portable-outdoor/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Fixed-outdoor

Q13- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? In 2007 the National Communications Authority (NHH) issued its plans for the allocation of DVB- T licenses for consultation. Eventually licenses could be issued for the operation of 5 national DTT multiplexes. Spectrum was immediately available for 3 of the multiplexes with space for the remaining 2 multiplexes becoming available after the analogue switch-off completion.

Q14- Strategy for regional / local TV? The possible strategy is currently under debate.

Q15- Strategy for free / pay TV platforms? Within the frames of MinDig TV service (free-to-air broadcasting), currently the programs of 7 television channels (M1, M2, Duna, Duna World, RTL Klub, TV2, and the program of Euronews in English, German and French) and 3 public radio channels (MR1-Kossuth, MR2-Petőfi, MR3- Bartók) are available free of charge. Moreover, the DTT platform makes 24 channels available for subscription fee. Antenna Hungária was granted both licenses for the free and pay DTT platforms in 2008.

Q16- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions? Please specify?

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6.6 Comments from Italy to the questionnaire

1.) General questions on sound and TV broadcasting transmission:

Q1- Can you update the decision about the future usage of the frequency band 790-862 MHz (Digital Dividend I)? When will the digital dividend spectrum be available for mobile services? Italy has run the 790-862 MHz contest in late 2011. Law n. 220 (December 13 2010) prescribed that the liberation of such frequencies (CH 61-69) for broadband mobile services had to be completed by December31s 2012. All channels 61-69 have been “freed” by previous broadcasters and are at disposal of the mobile operators for mobile broadband services.

Q2- How many households receive their TV programs via terrestrial, cable, satellite and IPTV? Please specify in the table below the updated values. Total number of TV HH: (see previous questionnaire)

Cable Satellite Terrestrial IPTV Analogue (in % of TV HH) Digital (in % of TV HH)

Q3- Do you plan an ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? When is/was the ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? Please specify the updated value. Please specify the current date: DTT Switch-Off has been completed in Italy in July 2012.

2.) Questions to digital sound broadcasting:

Q4- When did you or have you planned to start with digital sound transmission? Please specify Digital sound transmission has started in Trentino Alto Adige (after AGCOM Decision in 2012: DELIBERA N. 180/12/CONS PIANO PROVVISORIO DI ASSEGNAZIONE DELLE FREQUENZE PER IL SERVIZIO RADIOFONICO DIGITALE NELLA REGIONE DEL TRENTINO ALTO ADIGE PROGETTO PILOTA NELLA PROVINCIA AUTONOMA DI TRENTO.)

Q5- Which transmission system is planned or will be used (e.g. DAB+)? Please specify the current status………….……….Mainly DAB+ (see previous questionnaire)

Q6- How many nationwide multiplexes are currently planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? Please specify: Specified in AGCOM Decision n. 664/09/CONS (Regolamento recante la nuova disciplina della fase di avvio delle trasmissioni radiofoniche terrestri in tecnica digitale). (see also last questionnaire)

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Q7- What reception mode (mobile/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Please specify the current status: (see also last questionnaire)

Q8- Strategy for regional / local sound broadcasting? Please specify: (see previous questionnaire)

Q9- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions for digital terrestrial sound broadcasting? Please specify: (see previous questionnaire)

3.) Questions to digital television broadcasting:

Q10- When did you or have you planned to start with digital TV transmission? Please specify the current date (see last questionnaire)

Q11- Which transmission system is planned or will be used? Please specify the updated information (see last questionnaire)

Q12- What reception mode (fixed/portable-outdoor/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Please specify: (see previous questionnaire)

Q13- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? Please specify the updated information: Actually the Italian frequency plan has defined 25 National Mux and several local Mux. (see previous questionnaire)

Q14- Strategy for regional / local TV? Please specify: (see previous questionnaire)

Q15- Strategy for free / pay TV platforms? Please specify (e.g. scrambling, business model): (see previous questionnaire)

Q16- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions? Please specify?

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6.7 Comments from Macedonia to the questionnaire

1.) General questions on sound and TV broadcasting transmission:

Q1- Can you update the decision about the future usage of the frequency band 790-862 MHz (Digital Dividend I)? When will the digital dividend spectrum be available for mobile services? Upon Decision of Macedonian Government, the frequency band 790-862 Mhz (Digital Dividend I) is going to be used for 4 G (4th generation of mobile broadband services). The spectrum is already available – two tender procedures for using of spectrum have failed. We expect that new tender procedure will be launched soon.

Q2- How many households receive their TV programs via terrestrial, cable, satellite and IPTV? Please specify in the table below the updated values. Total number of TV HH:

Cable Satellite Terrestrial IPTV Analogue (in 15% % of TV HH) 57.4% Digital (in % 11.4% 6.9% 8.8% of TV HH)

Comment: We don’t have data how many HH are connected to analogue or digital cable TV. The above percentage of 57.4% is the total number of cable subscribers.

Q3- Do you plan an ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? When is/was the ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? Please specify the updated value. Please specify the current date: 31.05.2013

2.) Questions to digital sound broadcasting:

Q4- When did you or have you planned to start with digital sound transmission? Please specify: n/a at the moment

Q5- Which transmission system is planned or will be used (e.g. DAB+)? Please specify the current status

Q6- How many nationwide multiplexes are currently planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? Please specify:

Q7- What reception mode (mobile/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Please specify the current status:

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Q8- Strategy for regional / local sound broadcasting? Please specify:

Q9- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions for digital terrestrial sound broadcasting? Please specify:

3.) Questions to digital television broadcasting:

Q10- When did you or have you planned to start with digital TV transmission? Please specify the current date: 01.06.2013

Q11- Which transmission system is planned or will be used? Please specify the updated information: DVB-T, MPEG 4 AVC

Q12- What reception mode (fixed/portable-outdoor/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Please specify: fixed/portable-outdoor

Q13- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? Please specify the updated information: 4 MUXs in total

Q14- Strategy for regional / local TV? Please specify: Strategy for Broadcasting Activity Development 2013-2017, Plan for Utilization and Allocation of Transmission Capacity on Digital Terrestrial Multiplexes;

Q15- Strategy for free / pay TV platforms? Please specify (e.g. scrambling, business model) n/a

Q16- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions? Please specify: Since January 2012, the Public Enterprise Macedonian Broadcasting has started test digital transmissions in some regions of the country.

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6.8 Comments from Montenegro to the questionnaire

1.) General questions on sound and TV broadcasting transmission:

Q1- Can you update the decision about the future usage of the frequency band 790-862 MHz (Digital Dividend I)? When will the digital dividend spectrum be available for mobile services? According to the Radio Frequency Allocation Plan adopted by the Government of Montenegro "Official Gazette" No.42/2010 from 27th July 2010, frequency band 790 – 862 MHz is designed for fixed, mobile and broadcasting services on primary basis, including provisions given in footnotes 5.316, 5.316B and 5.317A, as revised on World Radiocommunication Conference 2007 (WRC-07). With regards to World Radiocommunication Conference 2012 (WRC-12), next version of Allocation Plan, to be endorsed in 2013, will also includes new decisions regarding 700 MHz and 800 MHz frequency band, bearing in mind that Montenegro have signed the Final Acts of WRC-12.

The Strategy for the Development of Information Society, from December 2011, does not specify future usage of the frequency bands 700 and/or 800 MHz. Study on digital dividend exploitation possibilities at national level, has been finalised within SEE DigiTV activities. This document elaborated exploitation possibilities and the benefits of using the Digital dividend spectrum for mobile broadband and mobile broadcast component, particularly with LTE technology in Montenegro, mostly from technical in order to encourage decision makers to move quickly toward allocating this spectrum for mobile broadband given its potential for providing social and economic benefits.

Q2- How many households receive their TV programs via terrestrial, cable, satellite and IPTV? Please specify in the table below the updated values.

Structure of the market and short demographic information In accordance with Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in 2011: Total number of population 625.266; Total number of households 194.795 - approximately total number of TV households (TV HH)

Cable Satellite Terrestrial IPTV MMDS Analogue (in % of TV HH) 29% (only terrestrial) Digital (in % of TV HH) 8 % 21 % 0 30 % 12%

Q3- Do you plan an ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? When is/was the ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? Please specify the updated value. Law on Digital Broadcasting, amended in July 2012, postponed switch-off date for not later than 17th June 2015.

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2.) Questions to digital sound broadcasting: Q4- When did you or have you planned to start with digital sound transmission? No clear decision or plan for digital sound broadcasting to be put into operation.

Q5- Which transmission system is planned or will be used (e.g. DAB+)? It will be decided at later stage.

Q6- How many nationwide multiplexes are currently planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? Geneva 06 Plan contains frequencies that can be used for realisation of 3 T-DAB nationwide networks in the band 174 – 230 MHz.

Q7- What reception mode (mobile/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Geneva 06 Plan for T-DAB in the band 174 – 230 MHz envisaged portable indoor reception.

Q8- Strategy for regional / local sound broadcasting? General regulatory provisions related to regional/local sound broadcasting services are defined by Law on Electronic Media, endorsed in July 2010. In context of digital sound broadcasting specifically, the same provisions referring to commercial broadcasters may be applied for national, regional and local level, no specific strategy envisaged so far.

Q9- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions for digital terrestrial sound broadcasting? Pilot projects or test transmissions of digital sound broadcasting have not started.

3.) Questions to digital television broadcasting:

Q10- When did you or have you planned to start with digital TV transmission? Digital television broadcasting transmission has not started in Montenegro, due to postponent of equipment procurement.

Q11- Which transmission system is planned or will be used? Technical coding standard ITU-T H.264/AVC (MPEG-4 Part 10) is obligatory by Law on Digital Broadcasting. The Ministry of Information Societly and Telecommunications decided DVB-T2 standard. Decision has been taken in the period 2010 – 2011, as elaborated in Strategy of Information Society for the period 2011 – 2016, from December 2011. Specific parameters (e.g. modulation scheme, guard interval, code rate, encoding technique, average data rate per program) will be decided at later stage, based on test transmissions needed to be done as soon as equipment procurement will be finalised.

Q12- What reception mode (fixed/portable-outdoor/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Law on Digital Broadcasting defined some provisions related to coverage requirements. By these provisions state and other (EU for example) financial resources will be used for the

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implementation of national coverage digital terrestrial broadcasting network that shall be used for the 1st multiplex. By this network, minimum 85% of population should be covered. Therefore, by implementation project, done on behalf of public operator of this network (also defined by the Law) it has been envisaged to cover almost entire country of Montenegro, taking into account requirements of two different type of reception: - 95% of population with 60 dBμV/m in 10 m receiving antenna height if possible, - 95% of area with 78 dBμV/m in 10 m receiving antenna in areas with increased importance if possible; these areas of the increased importance have been defined for the most populated area of each city in Montenegro

Q13- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? Taking into account that DVB-T2 standard will be deployed one national multiplex is planned for the starting phase. Theoreticaly, one DVB-T2 multiplex / national coverage network can replace all current broadcasting services providing national coverage in analogue technology, public as well as commercial programmes. For the final phase, the number of national coverage networks will depend on market demands, also taking into account frequencies released after analogue switch-off, to be used as digital dividend for the broadcasting services (for example in the bands below 790 MHz).

Q14- Strategy for regional / local TV? General regulatory provisions related to regional/local TV broadcasting services are defined by Law on Electronic Media, endorsed in July 2010. In the context of digital switchover process specifically, the same provisions referring to commercial broadcasters can be applied for national, regional and local level, no specific strategy envisaged.

Q15- Strategy for free / pay TV platforms? In accordance with international commitments of Montenegro, expressed orientation for EU standards compliance related to the digital switchover, and respecting the lessons learned and experiences in digital switchover in European countries, in the context of free/pay TV platforms Digital Switchover Strategy aspires to attain the following objectives: - for all public broadcasting services and existing holders of transmission and broadcasting licences envisage the possibility for free-to-air digital distribution, and pay TV for other programme contents; - until the target date provide the availability of digital broadcasting services to all citizens of Montenegro, ether by terrestrial transmission network (free-to-air), or by satellite digital broadcasting; Therefore, all current programmes available in analogue technology if transmitting in digital have to be free to air, thus first national coverage network will be free to air. For the other / new services it will depend on business model.

Q16- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions? Pilot project have been planned for 2008, to obtain coverage in capital and some other areas, but it hasn´t been realized. Test transmissions need to be done as soon as equipment procurement will be finalised.

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6.9 Comments from Serbia to the questionnaire

1.) General questions on sound and TV broadcasting transmission:

Q1- Can you update the decision about the future usage of the frequency band 790-862 MHz (Digital Dividend I)? When will the digital dividend spectrum be available for mobile services? Allocation plan of radio-frequencies ("Official Gazette of the Republic Serbia", no. 99/2012) foresees that, after DSO and the latest till 17. June 2015, part of the spectrum which corresponds to the TV channels 61-69 UHF (frequencies 790-862 MHz), will be used for Digital Dividend 1 and it will be based on service and technology neutrality. Strategy for Switchover from Analogue to Digital Broadcasting of Radio and Television Programs in the Republic of Serbia ("Official Gazette of the Republic Serbia", no. 52/2009 and 18/2012) also includes Action plan which assigns that Decision on allocating Digital Dividend will be made by Government. The strategic documents indicate that the country is open to make the DD1 frequencies available for mobile services, in compliance with the EU and ITU agreements and suggestions. The strategic documents clearly point to that in order to make the 800 MHz frequencies available for further utilization, the digital switchover (DSO) has to be completed, as Serbia currently lacks the sufficient amount of free frequencies to make the required 72 MHz band available by channel relocations only. Above all that, it is expected to make 700 MHz frequencies available for forming Digital Dividend 2 in compliance with the Final Acts of World Radiocommunication Conference 2012 (WRC-12), after 2015.

Q2- How many households receive their TV programs via terrestrial, cable, satellite and IPTV? Please specify in the table below the updated values. Total number of TV HH:

Cable Satellite Terrestrial IPTV Analogue (in 30% 2% 50% 0 % of TV HH) Digital (in % 8% 6% ~0 4% of TV HH)

Q3- Do you plan an ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? When is/was the ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? Please specify the updated value. The Serbian government adopted amendments to Strategy for Switchover from Analogue to Digital Broadcasting of Radio and Television Programs in the Republic of Serbia on 1 March 2012. This involved a fundamental shift from a single switchover date, to a phased region-by- region approach based on a timetable to be adopted and communicated by the Government in due course. The Decision on amendments to the Strategy specifies the 17.June 2015. as deadline for the ASO, in compliance with the Geneva 2006 Agreement (GE06).

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2.) Questions to digital sound broadcasting:

Q4- When did you or have you planned to start with digital sound transmission? Please specify: Switchover to digital broadcasting of radio signal in DAB+ standard is planned after 2017.

Q5- Which transmission system is planned or will be used (e.g. DAB+)? Please specify the current status: Strategy for Switchover from Analogue to Digital Broadcasting of Radio and Television Programs in the Republic of Serbia ("Official Gazette of the Republic Serbia", no. 52/2009 and 18/2012) indicates that DAB+ shall be the technical standard for digital terrestrial broadcasting of radio signal.

Q6- How many nationwide multiplexes are currently planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? Please specify: Regional agreement GE06 regulates frequency distribution in VHF bands for digital terrestrial radio broadcasting in such way that the entire territory of the Republic of Serbia was allocated two network coverage in the VHF range (11th and 12th TV channel), but the number of multiplexes hasn’t been discussed yet.

Q7- What reception mode (mobile/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Please specify the current status: Strategy for Switchover from Analogue to Digital Broadcasting of Radio and Television Programs in the Republic of Serbia ("Official Gazette of the Republic Serbia", no. 52/2009 and 18/2012) doesn’t define reception mode for digital terrestrial radio broadcasting, and this will be the subject to the new strategy.

Q8- Strategy for regional / local sound broadcasting? Please specify: Strategy for Switchover from Analogue to Digital Broadcasting of Radio and Television Programs in the Republic of Serbia ("Official Gazette of the Republic Serbia", no. 52/2009 and 18/2012) doesn’t regulate local and regional digital terrestrial radio broadcasting and this will be the subject to the new strategy.

Q9- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions for digital terrestrial sound broadcasting? Please specify: There aren’t ongoing pilot projects, as well as test transmissions for digital terrestrial sound broadcasting.

3.) Questions to digital television broadcasting:

Q10- When did you or have you planned to start with digital TV transmission? Please specify the current date: The initial DVB-T2 digital network which is currently in operation has been launched for test purposes on 21. March 2012. DVB-T test was introduced in 2005.

Q11- Which transmission system is planned or will be used?

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Please specify the updated information: ITU-T H.264/АVC (MPEG-4 part 10) shall be the technical standard for data compression within multiplexes. DVB-T2 shall be the technical standard for television signal broadcasting.

Additional comments (e.g. modulation scheme, guard interval, code rate, encoding technique, average data rate per program)? The transition to digital only terrestrial television commenced with the launch of the initial network for testing of digital TV signal broadcasting. This initial network will form an integral part of the final digital terrestrial television network after the transition to digital terrestrial broadcasting of television program is completed. Parameters for the initial network:

Parameters of Initial network for digital TV broadcasting in Republic of Serbia

1. Type of the network SFN 2. Antenna system SISO 3. PLP mode Single 4. FFT size 32k 5. Frequency mode Normal 6. Modulation scheme 256QAM 7. Code rate 3/4 8. Length of FEC frame 64800 9. Guard interval (GI) 1/16 10. Nominal channel width 8 MHz 11. Used range width 7.61 MHz 12. Pilot scheme PP4 13. Duration (useful part) of simbol 3584 us 14. GI 224 us 15. Band width 37 Mbps

Parameters for the final network:

Parameters for the Final network for digital TV broadcasting in Republic of Serbia

1. Type of the network SFN 2. Antenna system SISO 3. PLP mode Single/Multiple 4. FFT size 32k

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5. Frequency mode Normal/Extended 6. Modulation scheme 256QAM 7. Code rate 3/4 (2/3) 8. Length of FEC frame 64800 9. Guard interval (GI) 1/8 10. Nominal channel width 8 MHz 11. Used range width 7.61 MHz 12. Pilot scheme PP2 13. Duration (useful part) of simbol 3584 us 14. GI 448 us 15. Band width 36.72(32.64)/37.52(33.35) Mbps

Q12- What reception mode (fixed/portable-outdoor/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Fixed reception mode is planned for coverage in Bands IV and V.

Q13- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? Please specify the updated information: The sole MUX operator in Serbia is the network operator ETV with a permit to commission and operate MUX1 and MUX2 in the specified UHF channels during the DSO period. The Strategy allows the operation of further multiplexes if there is a market need and it is financially feasible to do so. Access to the MUXs will be granted initially to all broadcasters which already own a license for analogue broadcasting, as defined in the Rulebook on Transition from Analogue to Digital TV broadcasting and Access to the Multiplex in Terrestrial Digital Broadcasting ("Official Gazette of the Republic Serbia", no. 55/2012). Specifically, broadcasters with a national and/or regional license will have access to MUX1, while local coverage broadcasters will be provided access to MUX2 free of charge for the time of the DSO period, by the Republic Broadcasting Agency (RBA).

Q14- Strategy for regional / local TV? Please specify: Information is provided in response Q13.

Q15- Strategy for free / pay TV platforms? Please specify (e.g. scrambling, business model: The Strategy allows the operation of further multiplexes for free or pay TV platforms “provided there is a market need and it is financially feasible to do so”.

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Q16- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions? Please specify: The initial DVB-T2 digital network which is currently in operation has been launched for test purposes on 21. March 2012. This network makes a digital test signal accessible to approximately 50% of citizens across Serbia, as it currently operates in a reduced power mode in order to prevent unwanted interferences. Fixed reception mode is planned in this network, with bit rate 37 Mbps within the MUX.

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6.10 Comments from Slovenia to the questionnaire

1.) General questions on sound and TV broadcasting transmission:

Q1- Can you update the decision about the future usage of the frequency band 790-862 MHz (Digital Dividend I)? When will the digital dividend spectrum be available for mobile services? Mobile services, from 2014

Q2- How many households receive their TV programs via terrestrial, cable, satellite and IPTV? Please specify in the table below the updated values. Total number of TV HH: 699 040

Cable Satellite Terrestrial IPTV Analogue (in Unknown - - ??? % of TV HH) Digital (in % Total 42% 2% 18% 38% of TV HH)

Q3- Do you plan an ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? When is/was the ATO date for terrestrial broadcasting? Please specify the updated value:

2.) Questions to digital sound broadcasting:

Q4- When did you or have you planned to start with digital sound transmission? Please specify…No plans yet……….……….

Q5- Which transmission system is planned or will be used (e.g. DAB+)? Please specify the current status……No plans yet…….……….

Q6- How many nationwide multiplexes are currently planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? Please specify:

Q7- What reception mode (mobile/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Please specify the current status:

Q8- Strategy for regional / local sound broadcasting? Please specify:

Q9- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions for digital terrestrial sound broadcasting?

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Please specify:

3.) Questions to digital television broadcasting:

Q10- When did you or have you planned to start with digital TV transmission? Please specify the current date………2006….……….

Q11- Which transmission system is planned or will be used? Please specify the updated information……DVB-T…….………. Additional comments (e.g. modulation scheme, guard interval, code rate, encoding technique, average data rate per program)? MPEG-4

Q12- What reception mode (fixed/portable-outdoor/portable-indoor) is planned for your coverage? Please specify………….……….Fixed roof

Q13- How many nationwide multiplexes are planned for the starting phase and for the final phase? Please specify the updated information: 2 muxes for starting phase, additional muxes will be launched based on needs

Q14- Strategy for regional / local TV? Please specify:Regional/local network for each regional/local TV.

Q15- Strategy for free / pay TV platforms? Please specify (e.g. scrambling, business model): No strategy yet

Q16- Overview of current or planned pilot projects or test transmissions? Please specify:

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