SrUDilVf ifUDlIlUTi ONE DOLLAR CANADA'S NEWSPAPER FOR UKRAINIAN STUDENTS

SUSK

25th Anniversary issue " 1953-58: ... ' , . - , ,.; 1930 1950 - . , . . , - :6. . . (. , " -, - - . , . . . 1953 , , , ,' - -.- .1950 - - - , - , "06- - — "". - ". . - -- - , , -- "", - , , , . , - "", () -- , , ,- , ., - ,. 1950-1953 , -- 1953 . , >, -- ,- ichjtohhx - , 1953 , ' - , 1 ., - ' . - - , . - ,, - , . - . - , - , '. , , .. - , , - - .- . : . "", "-". "", . - ,"-" - , - ). ( - > ,- - (""), '. — , ), — (("- -- "). — (- , . ). , : . (""), 3. ' -- ( . ), . , (""). - . ("-"), - . . . ("-" —. (- . )--). - - , '' ,,- -, . - . - , - -. - ' Tj- , Victor Deneka served on the first . , - SUSK naf// executive for two terms - arctiitect, , (1953-1955, 1955-58). An he , - completed his early schooling at the ., - Ukrainian State Gymnazia in Kholm, - . 14 . (- -. Western Ukraine. Following four years of : , 3. 1954 ), . . . - studying architecture at the Karl Wilhelm . , , Polytechnical School in Braunshweig (Germany), he completed a further two . - 27 1955 , years at the University of Manitoba in , 26-27 1953 , Winnipeg. He currently resides in Win- , , - nipeg, is a member of the , where he - - of Architects , - Man/foba Association and , the King's Architectural Institute of - -. Canada. -, , "-". ,- , - 1934 , (. - , ,- , , , )' . : -, - . . - "" - , - "-" 1945 , ; ,, ,, - - ; - , ,— . - ; - . - . 1949 >' - ; - (). - ", " '" , ; - , . , - - . - "" ; - "-"; , > - .' - ; - ,. - . - . - , - ,. - , 25 1955 , . - ,--- , . , , . ^ ' .,, - - ', , 1953 - . - . - . - - ' - , - . . , 1945 -- " -- - , - , , , '- (). . - , --

" , 1952 , - . ( . ^7) 2; STUDENT, Anniversary Issue 1958-60: the greater involvement of Ukrainian-Canadian students..." Leo Wynnyckyj (SUSTA), Argentina (SAUS}, Australia (CUSA) and the The period of SUSK's history between 1958 and Conferences' Five such Conferences were held as follows: Central Union of Ukrainian Students {in Europe) and a 1960, like the period that preceded it after the First Location Deles First SUSK 12-Ifl 1958 number of meetings and conferences were joinily SUSK Congress held in 1953, was one of determined Conference Toronto September Second SUSK Conlerenct 19 Oclober 1958 sponsored to discuss the basis for cooperation and and purposeful activity in search of new ideas and Saskaloon Third SUSK Conlerence 22 December common action. approaches on how to integrate the European and the Montreal Fourth SUSK Conference Winnipeg 10-11 Julv 1959 The Ukrainian student organizations Canadian heritage" of Ukrainian students into some of that time Filth SUSK Contefence Toronto 10-11 Oclobei 191 (February 1960) included 24 Ukrainian Student Clubs, form of Ukrainian-Canadian identity. The Ukrainian Toronto and Saska- Societies and Associations (most of which were or student organizations of that day were a fairly accurate The first two Conferences (in problems were becoming, members of SUSK} located in 9 reflection of the diversity and complexity of Ukrainian- toon} focused primarily on organizational how to improve the university centers, with a combined membership Canadian community life in general. This, therefore, and on issues such as to - student organizations included not only the differentiation between the relationships between the Ukrajnian commun^y Canadian-born and the European-born but also the within a University location, and Ukrainian Canadian Com- splits along religious lines (particularly the Ukrainian organizations (like the important to Ukrainian Catholic and the Ukrainian Orthodox) and ideological mittee) and general issues heritage, the^ ^^reer plans^ (Melnykivtsi, Banderivtsi, etc.). in addition to the Sudentstn ter^ms of their lines Conierence was devoted to the by geographical dispersion etc The Montreal problems created and Universities, of Ukrainian studies at Canadian regionalism, which all together provided some for- theme which was closely linked to the attempts of the SUSK midable challenges to unity and cooperation. executive to pilot the introduction of Ukrainian studies Winnipeg at McGill University m Montreal, The The Third Congress of SUSK, which was held in with the Sixth Conference . was held concurrently Montreal on 1 -2 February 1 958 elected a new executive Congress of the Ukrainian Canadian Committee with the for a two-year term. (UCC}. It dealt mainly with issues connected role of Ukrainian students in the affairs of the organized period February The President's report for that (2 Ukrainian community, and made some important February 1960} the minutes ol the 28 1958 to 20 and inputs into the deliberations of the UCC Congress, The of the executive reveal that this was an active meetings Fifth Conference, held in Toronto, was devoted to the itself to a wide range of executive which addressed historical review, in a series of presentations, of the issues of SUSK, It re- current and future orier.ted 250th Anniversary of Hetman Ivan Mazepa and his publication of the SUSK Bulletin and established the period, of the 50th Anniversary of CESUS (Central Information Service" which introduced a "SUSK Union of Ukrainian Students}, and of the organized current within SUSK. It reported on happenings Ukrainian student movement in the world. The con- review of the SUSK launched a comprehensive ferences were generally well attended, received good been adopted by the Constitution which (after having Ukrainian press coverage, and provided an important resulted m a re- Fourth Congress of SUSK) stimulant and an occasion for closer cooperation ol SUSK mto different Leo G. Wynnyckyj. B.A.. B.Comm., classification of the membership between SUSK members and individual students. between student clubs and R.I. for categories differentiating The Fourth SUSK Congress was held in Montreal M.B.A.. A., was SUSK president ideological and religious associations, changing the governing two terms from February 1958 to two 20-21 February 1960, and elected a new frequency of SUSK Congresses from one every December 1960. He also served as a executive and body. years to annually, restructuring the the organizing committee this executive continued efforts aimed at member of defining the responsibilities of each member, and the While cooperation among the Ukrainian-Canadian which convened the first SUSK congress creation of an Academic Advisory Council. closer organizations and held another conference in 1953. and of the first and second However, the most significant innovative move of student Conference was held in Toronto 25-26 naiional executives. Since his graduation the executive, which aimed at the greater involvement Ithe Sixth SUSK the primary thrust of its activities became witn a r^/lasters of Business Administra- of Ukrainian-Canadian students in the affairs of their -June 19b0), Liaison was established with Ukrai- student organizations and of the Ukrainian community, external affairs". tion from the University of Western Student Organizations in the United States was the launching of a series of seminar-type ''SUSK nian Ontario in 1957. Mr. Wynnyckyj has pursued a career in business. Having served In supervisory and managerial positions with a number of well-known "... diversity pres/r^enf 1960-61: a of Canadian firms, he is currently of a management consulting firm basea in Ottawa which specializes in international views ... interesting and consuipng projects. Roman Osadchuk ..." exceeding "900. Their listing by location, including heated debate available information on membership and year of Ukrainian ference), organized by the ex- establishment, is as follows; During the period of my ticipatiofi with the ecutive, was held in Ottawa, on 1960 presidence, the SUSK ex- Canadian Committee (UCC} in Locetion/Organizatlon Year 4-5 November 1961. lablistied Membership ecutive organized two con- the Shevchenko Centennial In order to improve com- ferences, one congress and ceremonies. To highlight our munications and co-operation S4y 1951 40 actively at the contribution to this centennial, participated Students Club - George Williams College 1955 30 the executive published a between SUSK and its member unveiling of the statue and ( Assoc. - University ol Montreal 195C 15 special commemorative organizations and student Ukrainian Students associated centennial UKraiman Students Assoc. "Obnoua" 1353 30 Shevchenko clubs, I visited Ukrainian Stu- ceremonies and activities in publication, . Ukrainian Students Assoc. - "Zarevo" 1952 10 Bulletin dent Clubs and student 16 I'll honor of Taras Shevchenko, 1861-1961. ofthe SUSK Ukrainian Students Assoc "TUSM 195S organizations in Montreal, Lon- which were held at that time in (No. 1,) This publication was Ukrainian with the don, Ottawa, Saskatoon and Ontario Winnipeg (8-9 July, 1961). The printed in Ottawa. president of - University ol Ottawa 1955 20 , Edmonton. As Ukrainian Students Club headquarters o( SUSK were exception of the brief address President, SUSK, I had several meetings transferred from Montreal to by the SUSK which of (Un- Toronto, Ontario was printed bilingually in with presidents SUSTA 80 Toronto. We had at our disposal Club - University ot Toronto 1941 ion of Ukrainian Student UHtainian Students - 1952 25 Ukrainian Students Assoc ' Obnova" Organizations in the United 10 Ukrainian Students Assoc. - "Zarevo' 1953 States) and CESUS (Central ' 1955 15 130 Ukrainian Students Assoc 'TUSM Union of Ukrainian Students) concerning the possibility of holding a World Congress of 1955 15 Ukrainian Students, We also discussed ways and means of London, Ontario Roman Osadchuk, Ontar 1959 15 improving communications Ukrainian Students Club - University ol Western M.Sc. Ph.D.. B.Sc. with Ukrainian student president in Winnipeg. Manitoba was SUSK organizations in other coun- 30 Alpha Omega Society - University ol Manitoba 1960-61. After spen- tries. 90 Kappa - 'Obnova' 1951 years Gamma Rho ding a number of An overview of SUSK and Marion Society 1960 40 25 in the metallurgical its activities during this period Ukramian Students Assoc. - "Zarevo" 1953 10 195 industry as Chief would not be complete without Ukrainian students Assoc. - TUSM" 1952 Research Engineer and mentioning something about students Saskatoon, Saskatchewan the type of Ukrainian 40 !\/!anager of Research Alpha Omega Society - University ol Saskatchewan 1930 that attended Canadian univer- 90 130 and Development, he is Ukrainian Students Assoc. - "Obnova" 1951 sities at that time. In general the now Technological and students at that time could be Edmonton, Alberta Advisor in ' 40 Scientific divided into two groups. Ukrainian Students Assoc. - "Obnova 1952 1960 166 206 the permanent staff of The first groupconsisted of Marion Society the National Research students born in Canada and/or Columbia Council of Canada in attended-Canadian elementary I ancouver, British .Ipha Omega Society - University ol British Columbia N/A 53 and high schools. These ' Ottawa. irainian students Assoc. - "Obnova 1952 10 63 students had an excellent com- language mand of the English Ukrainian Student Clubs and Societys Organizatic but their command of the Ukrai- Religious and Ideological Ukrainian Student nian language varied from good to poor. These students had financial problems as their little 24-25 university expenses were The Fifth SUSK Congress, held in Toronto English and Ukrainian. anniversary of one room in the Ukrainian generally paid by their parents December 1960, marked the seventh The second Bulletin (No. executive was elected it was Building at 83 Christie Street, who had already established SUSK After a new SUSK 2), published in the fall of 1961. style of SUSK which was used as our office. themselves in Canada and did noted that the initiative for a new was devoted to student affairs. to a new generation of To meet our goals, we held not have as many financial activities was now being passed It contained articles in both of members of regular meetings every two problems as did the new im- Ukrainian-Canadian students {none the Ukrainian and English, which First Congress) weeks. in this group executive participated in the dealt with student problems and migrants. Students the new admit well for its future. It is indeed a In retrospect. I must were interested in and this augured activities. With the sponsorship more and that (of the older generation} to it was a very active year. The concerned with the life of of satisfaction for us of SUSK, a student conference, source executive worked hard to their years and note that this effort has not entire . Ukrainians in and those organized by the Winnipeg Canada look back at the objectives and generations have taken over since carry out of SUSK, was held on hppn in vain New members significantly to the style and plans which were set at the Our second con- (OSADCHUK con- then and have contributed 7 July 1961. activities. beginning of my term of office of Ukrainian-Canadian student ference, (Seventh SUSK Con- tinued on page 10} meaning Our first main task was par- STUDENT, Anniversary Issue: Page 3 1963-66: "... Canada dominated most of our interest ..." Andrew Gregorovich

the debate on Canada's culture and the & Looking back to my term of office inSUSKadozen ticipated fully in strong impact the Ukrainian community had on future, emphasizing multiculturalism, by submitting Commission and the government which eventually years ago. t can still recall the hard work and struggle' brief to a government on 10 August, policy of 8 needed by our executive to keep the union afloat. They the first SUSK led to the official government multicultural title: Canadian Nation: Some here were hard times with many signs of apathy among 1965. under the The October 1971. Perhaps it should be mentioned Students of Ukrainian of students which created the greatest problem we faced: Opinions of Canadian University that Canada dominated most of our interest because while contact. Descent. (Brief presented to the Royal Commission on the coming centennial and the & hearings, Biculturalism 1965 by the Ukrainian Ukraine was still quiet. The question of whether it was contact or lack of Bilinguatism and Toronto 1965^ 7 funds which was the most pressing problem we faced is Canadian University Students' Union, Perhaps the last publication that should be a difficult one, as they are inter-related. We did not have pages, legal size). mentioned is the President's Report to the 8th SUSK effort of sufficient funds to sponsor the travel of the executive This 5.000 word brief represented a major Congress (Toronto, 19-20 February 1966. 25 pages create the members to create the necessary contacts, and we the SUSK executive and no doubt helped with brochures). This was an attempt to leave a record behind of the difficulties and activities of that executive to simplify some of the problems and questions of the incommg executive. (It would be interesting to know if a copy survived the past 1 2 years, and many moves, in the present SUSK Archives!) Our last major event followed the excellent lead of President Leo Wynnyckyj who in 1958 initiated the SUSK Conferences. We held the 9th SUSK conference titled "Ukrainian Historical Conference" at Hart House, University of Toronto, on 30 October 1965. It was accompanied by an exhibit in the U of T Library. During the period 10-29 February 1964 a "Rare Maps of Ukraine 1580 - 1740" exhibit was held in the U of T Andrew Gregorovich, B.A., B.L.S., Library to the amazement of some of the professors. was SUSK president in 1963-66. Since SUSK had not attended the 7th Ukrainian Cana- 1963 he has been a librarian at the dian Committee (UCC) Congress so it was mandatory University of Toronto and is now a for the President to attend the 8th Congress, held 9-11 Department Head of library technical October 1965. The UCC Executive Director, W. services for two colleges, Scarborough Kochan, said of the SUSK participation "that it was and Erindale. Active in many professional unusually important". During the Congress SUSK and Ukrainian organizations, Mr. made the national news in an interview on CBC Radio. also six Gregorovich is perhaps bestl

facility with the Ukrainian language. As I said in the President's Report: "It is a simple fact that, assuming no new Ukrainian immigration arrives in Canada, as it seems certain, SUSK and our Clubs to survive must win the coming Canadian born generations into our activities or fade away as a fossil in Canadian universities."

could rarely afford long-distance telephone calls. Our treasury was $400 and in those days no government was providing any help. Mail was our major means of 1966-68: "... frenzy of contact and the executive's work certainly suffered from this slow means of communication,

I had an excellent executive with some very dedicated members to help in my two years of office (22 December 1963 - 20 February 1966) during which we organizational activity held 27 meetings. The handicap we faced ol lack of good contacts led the executive to devote much effort in putting our own ..." Lubomyr Zyla house in order. Such basic information as a list of got in the way members, addresses for contact, a constitution, and information and publicity materials were lacking. We There was a great deal of strength, simply by channeling drome!) and to increase formal set filling this gap and attempting to improve the about optimism about SUSK in the what seemed to be limitless membership. In retrospect, 1 general image of the Union, latter half of the 1960s- Perhaps enthusiasm. would say that in my term A major event and an achievement of our term of too much. The fervour of that Although there was cer- (1966-68) this Irenzy of office was the addition of three new SUSK member decade among students tainly no lack of argument organizational activity as such clubs in 1965: Lakehead. Ottawa and Waterloo, generally had us all convinced about the prime objectives of got in the way of achievement of previous executive had invested in a that lethargy was dead and that SUSK. these were of lesser perhaps more worthy, lasting temperamental hectograph machine which produced student activism was concern compared to the objectives. purple ink pages from typewritten copy. This remained fashionable, respectable and perceived need to organize, to Besides, with the imminent our major "printing press", but for a while SUSK had its there to stay, SUSK, the theory obtain funds (the beginning of Centennial in 1967, Expo, the offset own press and we attempted to print some of the was, would go from strength to the government grants syn- release of the & B Report — all material we needed ourselves. heady stuff — our program was We considered publishing an important activity ot preordained. We would SUSK and it was in this field that this executive was organize a massive SUSK Sym- most successful although we did not manage to posium, whence all manner of establish a paper like Student, A total of eight worthy achievement would publications was produced including the first scholarly flow. SUSK work. This was a fundamental work for Ukrainian We did meet — almost 200 Lubomyr Zyla was SUSK historiography which included a bibliography: The delegates from across the Traditional Scheme ol 'Russian' History and the president from 1966-68. After country — in Montreal, and for Problem of a Rational Organization of the History of the obtaining a graduate degree in many students it was the first Bast Slavs Publish- by Michael Hrushevsky (Winnipeg: political science from the Un- such occasion on that scale to ed for the Ukrainian Canadian University Students iversity of tVlanitoba, he did get acquainted. This was un- Union by the Ukrainian Free of Sciences, Academy post-graduate work at Carleton doubtedly a benefit in itself — 1965, 24 pages). We also published in celebration of his University in Ottawa. Since perhaps the only one to be 1966 centennial the Avtobiohralia- Autobiography of he has worked in five expected. As for achievement in M, Hrushevsky (Toronto: SUSK. 1965. 16 pages). 1964 of any other sense, it was like most The Constitution in departments/agencies the SUSK Ukrainian and English social/political institutions: editions was organized and well as federal government, including published as an they take pride in displaying important booklet A Synopsis ol foreign service as First SUSK (Toronto 1965, their intentions now and then at 6 pages). This provided Secretary, Trade the first basic summary of Commission conferences but the real essential history information Consul for and about SUSK. and Canada in measure of their success can Perhaps one of the most important activities of the Sydney. Australia. Currently he only be taken much later — by executive was our participation in the Canadian is in the Privy Council Office those who come after. dimension. SUSK became a voting member of the working in the area ol Federal- There is one afterthought Canadian Centenary Council and had the opportunity Provincial relations that seems noteworthy. input views and for the to information into the centennial plans Although SUSK executives and which culminated under Prime fvlinister. the next executive in a membership are ephemeral, Ukrainian Youth Day in Ottawa addressed by Prime they serve well if they serve the Minister Pearson on Parliament Hill, purpose of assuring continuity We also did not neglect to make the Ukrainian for an organization which is student voice heard in the Royal Commission on truly needed from time to time. 1 Bilinqualism and Biculturalism where a SUSK advisor, have seen several such needs Prof. J.B. Rudnyckyj, a was member. SUSK par- fulfilled since my term-

Page 4 : STUDENT, Anniversary Issue 1968-69: "...... " , . - "" 9- ' - - ', - , , - vnoasa - 11- , 1968 . - - - . , "" , " - vparv ? = ^- .1968 Roman Serbyn, Ph.D., was SUSK . 7'- - ; ""'), - president in 1968-69, and the editor oithe - . in '.' , - first issue of Student which appeared - Prof. Serbyn is the author of several , 1968. - , articles, and since 1969 has ^ - historical . -'. . . - been employed in the Department of - "" History at the Universite du Quebec a : ' '^ '\37. " , where he is currently a -- Montreal, -v ?"' - 1969 . 10- professor. '.1"'' .- , - JTV '. - Hf^CTn.^ Tie 6v- > -- " BlK- . 1 - . ?, - - - . , - .- - 7, . - - -. - - (-, ^7) . , - >- 1 969-70: "... we focused on ,. community needs — - and multiculturalism ..." Bohdan Krawchenko , was at Bishop's University accepted involvement in Ukrai- ing an analysis and perspec- munity animation would help — college on the imperative, tives — that year focused on train Ukrainian com- . a sleepy nian questions as an we future Massawippi river near Lennox- but we tried to give this involve- community needs and mul- munity activists, and the - — Roman — - ville, Quebec when ment new forms and content. ticulturalism and by winning programmes that these field Serbyn phoned in the spring o( On the personal side ot things, students to the struggle for workers developed would , 1969 to offer me a job as field for many, involvement in the these perspectives, we hoped to benefit the local Ukrainian .- worker for SUSK- The Quebec 'Ukrainian student movement,' be able to channel a layer o( communities That summer student movement. as we called it, offered a haven activists back to the communi- SUSK field workers were on , the environ- build location in collabora- Czechoslovakia 1968, and from a stifling home ty, B) We tned to a working, , local student writings of Chornovil and ment. The cross-Canada travel, multiculturalism movement by tion with the Dzyuba had turned me into living away from home, the articulating what we saw as the clubs, for Ukrainian com- . something of a radical. The contact with other students, the needs of ethnic groups, munities in Montreal, Toronto, thought of organizing for a interminable discussions, the stimulating other ethnic groups Thunder Bay, and Edmonton, - Ukrainian student organization One also worked for the SUSK ' (-) was therefore an exciting national office m Toronto. The field work project was unveiled - proposition, I moved to Toronto - elaborate press , tor first encounter with the at a rather . my - conterence for the Ukrainian " national executive. It SUSK ". took lt\e 1 ol an interview media, Fvetd vjorkets tecevvjed - with Roman Serbyn and Roman training aX a grueling ten-day orientation course which ' PetryShyn. I was quite ap- prehensive about the meeting featured over tarty speakers , even wore a suit for the and Sau/ Alinsky films. and a field worker wasn't , - occasion. At the interview I was To be . arrived m cities new given some ideas of what it was I easy- They (that deliberate), had to do and why it had to be to them was bearings, It turned they had to find their - done. I was relieved. , executive establish contact with the com- out that the national had enough money to pay me munity, and start developing programmes. Their activities . or so — the rest I tor a week multi- - would be expected to raise ranged from organizing - — ethnic multiculturalism con- , myself. But that didn't matter ferences, helping produce roughing it for the cause was a Ukrainian radio programmes, sign that you had broken with campaigning lo introduce middle class values, I chucked at university, down to Ukrainian courses . - away my suit and got communi- of a starting up Ukrainian - work. It was the beginning bulletins and community very important experience. ty television, visiting high schools , - Ivly summer as a field to encourage Ukrainian $5,000.00 - worker ended at the 10th SUSK students to attend university. Congress held in Vancouver in from Thunder Bay, where ."-" 1970. The congress was an Apart Lakehead University exceptional event from all the Students' Council was per- points of view and it became 9- help pay the field -, - something of a minor legend suaded to the students among future SUSK activists. worker's salary, their own -. - There was something new, even had to generate funds- - exciting in ttie air. Politically, On the student front, the presence of a delegation of - and a throughout the year we; opened , Quebecois students -. and ran independently of any - teach-in on "The Canadian Ukrainian organization a Student Movement and Social - in Toronto; national office with various Canadian Change" Student; organized was an in- published , radicals speaking conferences two regional novation. The discussion at the , (Saskatoon and Toronto) as . heated, and many teach-in was Bohdan Krawchenko was SUSK well as several local con- - of the Ukrainian older members and - president in 1969-70. He is presently ferences; organized community were scandalized - Assistant Professor in the Depart- secured government financial by the breaches in orthodoxy. Visiting Research support or (he very successful . At that congress, notwithstan- ment of Political Science, and , Union of CESUS (Central ding my emotional outburst in Associate of the Canadian Institute of of Ukrainian Students) Congress defence of radicalism. I was Studies at the University Ukrainian in Montreal with delegalions - elected president, Edmonton. student Alberta. representing Ukrainian 1969-1970 was a year of organizations in Europe, South . frenetic activity. But we had the spon- ' America and the U.S.; advantage of not swimming Ukrainian organizations to sense of doing something im- and sored a Ukrainian student bass : - against the current. Our demands, reac- express their portant, created an atmosptiere quartet from Vienna on a Cana- parents, for the most part, were rather vocally to the Fourth - of camaraderie which, as it ting dian tour; explained ourselves - "D.P.'s" and we were the first ol the Royal Commis- turns out, proved to be an Volume to the Canadian Union of generation to have been Bilingualism and - part of the dynamic sion on Students and various students' important socialized in Canada. ^ Our year had Biculturalism. and trying to across Canada; made - Our activity that councils , nationalist upbringing embijed general Canadian orientations: A) We sensitize the films and tapes of ouractivities; in us a rather deep loyalty three basic and public to ttie reality of mul- Ukrainian , tried to build a student move- showed some Soviet - dedication to things Ukrainian. C) We tned to ment which would have an ticulturalism, films in commercial theatres; , But having been socialized in problem of Ukraine - the Ukrainian com- raise the published two editions of a Canada, many of us felt the impact on commit- - and make it a viable booklet describing SUSK and impact of the youth radicaliza- munity not just a student . tor our peers. at motor force ment organized their distribution ' tion, then at a high point. The organization. The The summer 1970 field of a movement is ideas. As ideas of the general youth was our major - transitory social work project 10- movement — militancy, ac- students are a (KRAWCHENKO con- achievement. The thinking new life-styles, anti- group, it would be the ideas tivism, project was rather tinued on page 10) , authoritarianism — had which would lend permanence behind the , summer com- full-time . - penetrated our milieu. We to this movement. By develop- simple: STUDENT. Anniversary Issue: Page 5 ) )

1970-71: students were not only militants but mediators Marusia Kucharyshyn After the 11th Congress, held at the confrontation politics but also of being SUSK the agency Canadian society, linking this to government policies University of Manitoba in August and attended by over which had to deal with government in of place the and the conservatism of the Establishment of the 1 00 students, the national executive of SUSK — or more traditional leaders that sat in the national Ukrainian Ukrainian community. accurately, the Ukrainian Student Movement vtfithin Canadian Committee (UCC) office. Thus students were During this year the SUSK movement operated in a SUSK — was ready to escalate the level of student put into the role of being not only militants but climate both financially and politically favourable to it. activity to an unprecedenled level. SUSK had two full mediators. In reaction to the agitation of Canada's "extra- time field workers — Marusra Kucharyshyn and Andrij In the course of the year every club SUSK across parliamentary opposition" of the ^960s. the govern- Bandera who worked out of the national office — and the a country was visited at least once by a SUSK field ment had instituted a policy of "participatory regionally representative national executive. The list of worker or executive member. The field workers and the democracy." This was to serve the function of channell- the executive, however, is not a reflection of the people executive the national of addressed conferences the ing discontent off the streets and into brief writing and who actually made the organization move. Some Ukrainian organizatinos (Plast, youth SUM) and conferences At the beginning, this policy fostered the executive members lay dormant, while other students worked closely with the leaders of MUNO and SUMK. illusion that government was sincerely interested in came forward from the ranks to take the leadership of SUSK prepared and helped coordinate the submission reform. The publication of the 4th volume of the Royal local clubs of national projects. of a Ukrainian and youth brief to the Manitoba government Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism (with By September 1 970 had its "Manifesto" — B. multicultural SUSK conference, "Manitoba Mosaic." The Its inadequate recommendations on Canadian ethnici- Krawchenko's Hart House conference speech national office SUSK prepared two briefs for the ty) provided a perfect opportunity for raising ethnic "Towards a Development of Multiculturalism" —which constitutional hearings held by the Special Joint demands as part of this participatory process. Thanks was to serve as the basis of its ethnic activism. It was a Committee of the Senate and House of Commons in the is due to our own government "deep throats" that watershed in the emergence of a new form of political fall and spring of that year. SUSK also supplied Ukrainian-Canadian consciousness. The speech re- information and helped other Ukrainian organizations jected assimilation, and instead, postulated thatethno- prepare their submissions. SUSK national executive cultural communities were a dynamic and developing members and field workers attended and spoke at phenomenon integral to Canadian society. It also conferences involving other ethnic groups and outlined concrete demands and programmes educators. By that time SUSK activists had mastered necessary to ensure the development of ethno-cultural the art of the press conference and every significant minorities. On this basis, one of the main tasks of the move by SUSK was marked in the national media. year was to fight the battle for official government Without doubt, Ukrainian student activists played a of acceptance a multicultural, rather than a narrow vanguard role in Canada's multicultural action at this bicultural definition of Canada. The fight for mul- time. A rather young group (the oldest activist was ticulturalism required the propagation of these ideas twenty-four) SUSK activists tunctioned with a relatively within itself, SUSK within the IJkrainian community radical critique both of the cultural definition of nationally, to other ethnic groups and to elected Canada, and of the decision-making process in government officials as well as civil servants. government. At the In retrospect, however, it is evident the time, the Ukrainian Professional and Business Federa- areas that this critique focussed on were too narrow to tion did not have as high a profile in this area of activity provide a basis for the understanding of society and as they were to have the multicultural politics once policy was as a whole. Indeed SUSK leaders had very little adopted by government. Thus the government dealt political understanding even of the structure of power with those who were making the most noise politically, within our own community. Naivete on these two in this which case was Ukrainian students. SUSK was questions was to be the basis, first, for disillusionment, faced with the task not only of following its own and later for the emergence of a general critique of

1 971 -72: ".. co-opted by the

proverbial carrot ..." Marko Bojcun

The SUSK executive on rt7u/(icultura( po(icy at the technique and funding; the which I served from September Ukrainian Canadian Committee original conception (creating a 1971 - September 1972 took (UCC) Congress in Winnipeg. communications network for office at a turning point in the While it did not go as far as the community through cable Union's history. The Thunder SUSK had hoped in its T.V.) was overambitious; the Bay Congress and the Ukrai- recommendations (notably in multicultural policy at the nian Canadian Festival of the education and multilingual federal and provincial levels did Arts were the culminating point broadcasting), the announce- not seem to strengthen the in Ukrainian student radicalism ment had the effect of deflating position of any community Marusia Kucharyshyn-Petryshyn coming out of the 1960 s; at no the radicalism in the Union, a which was attempting to time afterwards did there exist was SUSK president and full-time field principal agitator in the move- organise its social and cultural September to such dynamism and in- ment. It worker from 1970 August seems that SUSK began life; OFY looked more and more dependence of initiative that to slide into 1971. She holds a !\/laster of Social the sterile practice like a mechanism to pacify characterised -the preceeding of monitoring Science degree from the University of the policy's im- rebellious youth. We were not years. Many things accounted plementation almost im- the only ones co-opted by the Birmingham in England, and is now a for the slow decline which mediately after the announce- proverbial carrot. student in the Faculty of Law at the . began to set in. Personalities, ment. No serious critique being The other important con- University of Alberta. however, did not play the domi- attempted of the philosophy, cern for SUSK was defense of nant part in this trend. politics and strategy of the Soviet political prisoners. This The 1970 fleldwork project multicultural action (except campaign really which took on the task got off the encouraged students in these actions. of perhaps in the Student articles ground during Marusia Without official organising popular support for by legitimation of activist politics and the MirkoKowalsky, Towards a Kucharyshyn's ethnic question a executive. The It IS questionable multicultural policy was a Political Sociology of Mul- whether Ukrainian-Canadiari January 1971 demonstration in pioneering effort; fieldworkers ticulturalism. students, who had until then been rather timorous, and Yuri Boshyk, Ottawa In raised their defense of Moroz and would have been as militant own salaries work- Multiculturalism - Middle Class as they were. the five rallies held in May 1971 ing under conditions more Sellout, As the year progressed the tiny dingy for example) the to press the Canadian office at 67 difficult than those govern- Harbord Street in Toronto their monitoring tactic appeared as ment became the centre for many successors into making recommen- projects that faced. The workers an uncritical reflex action. involved Ukrainian students from all dations to Moscow on his behalf sectors of the Ukrainian community. Only a documen- were all organised out of the tary history of the Ukrainian student movement, rather national executive office in than personal retrospective, would be able to accurate- Toronto. Throughout the ly list the countless projects which arose in the crucible summer, delegations were sent of the Movement. For example, field work projects were to Ottawa to press for the Marko Bojcun created to channel youthful energy into the communi- was SUSK president in demands that thousands of ty. The programme for this kind of work visualized 1971-72. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate in Canadians had put their names sending students into the community as animators the Department of Political Science at York to in numerous petitions and who would undertake various projects which would con- University. Toronto. mass telegrams from the rallies. tribute to the creative development of the community All of this came to nought, so In the summer of 1971 approximately 80 young the new executive decided to Ukrainians were being paid by the Opportunities for launch a hunger strike in Win- Youth programme of the Federal government nipeg to coincide with to work on Ukrainian community projects across Canada The Trudeau's appearance at the following were the field workers directly coordinated Ukrainian Canadian Committee on the 1971 project by SUSK: Andrij Bandera, coordinator had the In the summer of for Eastern advantage 1972, we Congress, The strike by 17 Canada, of considerable were again Marusia Barabash, Larissa Blavatska, Marko blessed (damned) students at the University of prestige that SUSK had Bojcun, Yuri Bodnaruk. Hania Galan, Oleh llnytsky ac- With a substantial OFY grant to Manitoba Student quired and were consequently Union Yurko Kovar, Genia Kotsur, Marusia implement one of the most building quickly Kucharyshyn not only funded by the Oppor- attracted Halya Kuchmij. Vera Lykhytchenko, Oleksander ambitious projects SUSK had national media attention. Rud- tunities for Youth By the nytsky, Liudmila Palchevska, Ihor scheme but ever undertaken: the produc- time the Petelytsky strikers had moved to Volodymyr Korobaylo, Oleksander had less difficulty being tion of a Olijnyk Andrij series of television the Fort Garry Hotel, the accepted into the different Con- Semotiuk, Bohdan Sirant, Olya Khmelivska Bohdari programmes dealing with gress site, arousing Ukrainian-Canadian com- the Hrebenyk. In addition a project called the Ukrainian Ukrainian-Canadian life in the passions munities. At of the nationalist Canadian Festival of the Arts brought the same time, the Prairie provinces and delegates together over 100 Ontario. Trudeau would artists, writers, film expanded fieldwork project of have makers, singers dancers and We expected to distribute them to face in his 1971 provided the after-dinner musicians from all across Canada to SUSK through the then-blossoming speech, the Lakehead national executive PM had no choice University in Thunder Bay prior to the with fresh cable T.V. stations. A great deal but to meet i:2th Conqress recruits, them. At first his This proiect.was organized by the following people who were of money went into secretary student the scheme (1 believe prepared to continue working, Ivan Head) field workers: Darka Maletska, Irene Kunda Vera ($25,000) yet we were unable to tried to set up a Ruslan into the fall. It was meeting Hamiwka, Logush, Ariadna largely from muster the facilities and between Ochrymovich this broader group representatives of the Motria Toroshenko, Taras Junkiewicz, Val that the technical expertise to edit the strike and Cybenko' Thunder Bay Trudeau's subor- Chrystia Chomiak (coordinator). Zirka Rad executive roughly 80 hours of footage that dinates. Walter This failed and all 17 Poprawa. and George appeared. had been produced. Nitefor. A project' called In met him; after 40 minutes, Towards a Canadian Unity" In October, Pierre Elliot coordinated another 50 retrospect, it seems that the Trudeau announced the federal problem was not only with (BOJCUN continued ( KUCHARYSHYN on page 1 continued on page 1 Page 6: STUDENT. Anniversary Issue 1 1 1973-74: ... "consolidation and developing student involvement ..." Yuri Daschko The work ol the SUSK national executive during brought authoritarian tendencies with them to Canada. successes was the student dance organized to coincide the term 1973 to 1974 was one of consolidation and Also it seemed to suggest that the policy of mul- with the Second World Congress of Free Ukrainians. ticulturalism promotes and perpetuates During the term, in cases, personality flaws developing student involvement, I came to the old world many presidency of SUSK as an outsider, never having been rivalries In Canada. Unfortunately the CBC took no and conflicts destroyed or at least crippled what might directly involved with the national executive, and thus, corrective action. have been successful projects. There is no way of In order to assist future lobbying activity the avoiding this type of problem although it can be it was hoped. t>etter able to mend old wounds and re- by Union and to raise members of Parliament's con- alleviated by having people involved who have a fair open internal communications. I felt then, as I do now, sciousness about that SUSK's primary task is to stimulate and assist multiculturalism, a questionnaire of students in discussing and acting upon educational, was sent out on 17 June 1974 to all candidates the lour political election. In political, and social issues. SUSK should encourage major parties in the federal students to come to grips, on an individual and general, it was found of the candidates who responded, collective basis, with the problems they share by virtue the Liberal Party candidates were polarized between to those who strongly opposed multiculturalism and of a common role and culture. It should prepare them it. responses take an active part in the wider community after their those who strongly supported The of the Progressive Conservative Party and the student days. As with all things in life, the work of the New Democratic Party candidates were, in general, executive had its successes and its failures, some of favourable to multiculturalism. which shall be touched upon in this article. dissent in the Soviet Due to communication problems that had been The question of Ukraine was national also dealt with during the 1973-1974 term. of developing for a number • of years, the Members executive decided that personal visits to the clubs were the executive met witn Mitchell Sharp prior to his triple visitations since I the Soviet Union in November 1973. At that meeting we necessary. I undertook most of the was working on a full-time basis for the Union. presented and discussed with him a memorandum dealing with In many instances, all across Canada, my visit was the persecution of Ukrainian dissidents in the Soviet the first contact of any kind that term between the Union. This matter was also discussed with national executive and the local club. During these other members of Parliament. visits, the clubs were told about the national executive's Also, SUSK supported the Moroz demonstration plans and activities and the club members' opinions held in Ottawa as well as being involved in the and advice were solicited. Beyond this, some of the distribution of dissent literature. visits were aimed at reviving dying or defunct clubs by In an attempt to make Ukrainian Canadians and Yuri B.A., M.A.. contacting not only students but also the local Canadians in general more aware of the history of Daschko, was SUSK for Youth in 1973-74. currently resides Ukrainian community. It is important to note that the Ukrainians in Canada, an Opportunities president He Calen- decline in student interest and participation in many project, the Ukrainian-Canadian Historical Date in Ottawa, Ontario, where he works as. a - local clubs at that time was not solely a Ukrainian- dar, was organized. The general objective was to valuation officer for National Revenue in the history of Canadians of Canadian phenomenon. It merely reflected illustrate events Customs and Excise. He is also author of Ukrainian descent in the form of an English-language developments in the overall community, i.e. the wane in articles dealing with Canadian immigra- appointment calendar. Although most of the research student activism. tion policy, the Ukrainian-Canadian declining student involvement was completed by the end of the summer, problems To further combat press, and Soviet religious policy. and bring more students into the organization, a prevented the actual publication of the calendar. attended conference of club presidents was organized in Members ot the national executive and large turnout took an active part in various conferences, among them Winnipeg in June 1 974 in order to insure a government's First Canadian Conference amount of knowledge or expertise in the area concern- at the annual Congress. Financial assistance was the federal ed. Also I believe it is important there be at least one offered to those clubs who were unable to pay the full on Multioulturalism, the National Conference on and the World full-time person working for SUSK who will operate as cost of sending a representative to the conference. Ukrainian Academic Studies, Second an organizer cum administrator to allow the executive The presidents' conference, in conjunction with Congress of Free Ukrainians. time to look at policy problems. the extensive visitations, seemed to have borne fruit in Besides all the above, there were the ubiquitous the selling of Although SUSK's task is to encourage and assist light of the large number of participants at the SUSK tund-raising activities, ranging from direct solicitation of funds. One of the Congress. Also many of the people who became books to the (DASCHKO continued on page 11) their greatest fund-raising and social involved in SUSK during that time contmued national executive's involvement, both locally and nationally, for a number of years. . ^ , The Congress itself consisted of workshops and seminars dealing with three main areas, both the , federal government's multicultural policy and alter- native approaches to multiculturalism, dissent in 1974-75: "... a new cycle Eastern Europe and SUSK internal business. An indirect result of the visitations was the submission to the Student Community Service Programme for assistance in setting up an activists ... Myron Spolsky Unfor- of SUSK organizational project to assist the local clubs. tunately, despite an intensive letter writing campaign, members of from the Banderite as well as visits to government officials and The 1974-75 SUSK ex- press around the world. Start- eventually Nonetheless, press. The issue overshadowed Parliament, the project was not accepted. ecutive and Student editorial ing with an article by a former summer project that followed some of the other transition the national executive set up a board will remember their year SUSK president and dealt organizing a of which SUSK was undergoing at developed two handbooks; one with for the major confrontation up with articles by members organizing a that time. local students' club, the other with entered into with the Canadian the SUSK executive, the Argen- handbooks By 1974. the wave of stu- conference. Also, work commenced on League for the Liberation of tinian Moroz Committee was dealing with dissent in Soviet Ukraine and with the dent activism across Canada development of multiculturalism as government policy. was dying. SUSK seemed to be The national executive considered many other one of the few student organisations which managed projects, among them: a conference of Ukrainian- form of activi- Canadian student writers, a speakers' tour on dissent in to keep up some with most of the emphasis Ukraine, and the creation of a catelogue. or perhaps ty, placed on club development, even a tour, of movies dealing with a Ukrainian theme. visits to individual clubs by In some cases, due to a lack of manpower, nothing such as the movie tour, SUSK executive members and could be done: in other cases, programmes work was terminated because of legal and financial development of coordinated for maximum club constraints. However we were able to have a showing of film "Zemlia at involvement. 1974-75 marked Dovzhenko's internationally renowned ' beginning of a new cycle of the Eastern SUSK Conference. Also a videotape was the activists; the Winnipeg made of the movie "Shadows of Our Forgotten SUSK had elected an ex- Ancestors" for distribution to the clubs. Congress ecutive, of which only one In addition work continued on the issue of had served in any multilingual broadcasting on the Canadian Broad- member capacity on previous SUSK casting Corporation's (CBC) radio and television executives or Student editorial networks. During the term, the executive lobbied board. various members of Parliament and government In previous years. SUSK officials in favour of multilingual broadcasting on the activities were .limed primarily CBC, SUSK submitted a written intervention to the then at providing new vehicles for Canadian Radio and Television Commission (CRTC), the development ot the the application for licence renewal of the in regard to Ukrainian-Canadian communi- networks, and attended the Commission's CBC ty: the development ot the After the CRTC's decision, which renewed hearings. policy of multiculturalism. ac- the CBC networks' licence without the stipulation that it Spolsky president in 1973-74. tivities in defense of Soviet commence multilingual broadcasting, the Union sub- Myron was SUSK science political prisoners, and petition to the Governor-General-in-Council Alter completing a B.A. (Hon.) in political mitted a fieldwork projects all were in- Cabinet to rescind the decision. from York University, he moved to Winnipeg where, asking the itiated by previous SUSK Ex- various presentations, including 1977 to June 1978, Assistant As a result of the from March he was ecutives There was a tacit of Commons committee dealing Director of the SUSK's to the House Executive Ukrainian Canadian recognition, in 1974. that there to the CRTC on this question, with broadcasting, and Committee. Mr. Spolsky is currently administrator of were few new frontiers to tackle. government created the Multilingual the federal the Ukrainian Cultural and Educational Center 1974-75 was to be a year of Group to inquire into the possible Broadcasting Study in Winnipeg, and is responsible for consolidation for SUSK. a year broadcasting. Unfortunately, as (Oseredok) formal for multilingual fundraising and programme co- wrap up some of the previous group has not come up with a positive public relations, to far as I know, this reinvigorate ordination. year's activities, to development policies, to the "CBC Action" was an club ^^'"An'indirect off-shoot of Action to assisted wrap up the CBC and Opportunities for Youth project which SUSK prin- posi- attacked for its lack of launch some small community Multilingual Brosacas^mg St^^^^ Ukrainian regarding the in^fbrming. It was the ciples an.d poor political judge- projects aiming at students, some of whom tion of the Ukrainian communi- fieldwork and was composed of thirteen ment in committing themselves areas, such as people surveyed he ty on human rights in Chile. The some- specific were not Ukrainian. These to relations with a leader of a was also a cori^rnun ,,es roots of the battle were found in education. There attitudes of five Toronto ethno-cultural government, whose repressive Ukrainian) Pinochet, recognition that SUSK is an Lithuanian, Pohsh and the visit to General (German, Italian. policies were no different than organisation with a transitional feelings about the need leader ot Chilean junta, by concerning the communities' those employed by the Soviet and that we could members ot the Argentinian membership, for multilingual broadcasting. Union. Following a year of long-range pro- meeting held Moroz Defense Committee, and not enter into Finally, protests we.e sent to, and a mudslinging the issue was a series of articles applauding with the CBC concerning one of their proQ[^^J^J^^ dropped without resolution (SPOLSKY continued programme was this venture in the official One of the apparent objectives of the from the pages of Student and Europe naa Chilean press and the Banderite on page 47) to show that people from continental STUDENT, Anniversary Issue: Page 7 " 1975-76: The problems have Slobodzian not changed . Sheila representatives, working for campus newspapers or From conversations held with former SUSK culminated in an appropriate year-end friction. In the given greater role than even other non-Ukrainian clubs. Sometimes, those that and a close rapport with students after my term national UCC women are ho activists do become involved are even accused of selling out. 1975-76, it has preparing coffee, snacks, and typing. as national SUSK president in the term the best dressed Attempts to increase the status of local Ukrainian But, Ukrainians are usually become clear to me that the general factors affectmg has produc- short-lived (this still appears to be a socialites on campus! This ethnocentricity the growth and development of SUSK in my term were student clubs were Student leaders were few and ed: a generation of politically naive students, the no different than those SUSK faces today or faced problematic area). years. In activists of whom function on thirty hour days; years ago, and that they are complexly usually burned themselves out in one or two twenty alienated first-generation Ukrainians looking for an alternative to their Ukrainianism. usually as a taste of anglophone life; and a few newly-discovered Ukrainians searching for entry and acceptance into a Ukrainian community with rigid criteria for membership and limited tolerance for unaccepted attitudes and values. However, modest gains were made. A multi-ethnic panel organized by SUSK on multiculturalism, held in 1976 during the Festival of Life & Learning at the University of Manitoba, was a real breakthrough for Olenka Bilash (Sheila Stobodzian) campusethnic politics. The sizeable audience reflected was SUSK president in 1975-76. During the panel's considerable planning and public efforts. A this time she was employed as a Ukrai- similar success occurred during the 1976 Western nian language teacher and did communi- Conference at the University of Calgary where attempts (although favorably received Chinese ty development work in Manitoba. She is by the Jewish, and German communities.) to invite participants from currently bilingual coordinator at the other ethnic groups revealed a French-Canadian Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies in community unwilling to cooperate in "ethnic"affairs- is also engaged in Edmonton and an M.A. The Western Conference focussed on education in program at the University of Alberta's multiculturalism, particularly on second language Department of Geography. instruction and spotlighted the English-Ukrainian bilingual program, then m its early years in Edmonton. It was hoped that Ukrainians and other ethnic groups would recognize the viability of this model and implement it or encourage its implementation in other centres. This conference committed SUSK to a long- term interest in English-Ukrainian bilingual education,

in which it is still productively involved. Various summer student projects since then have contributed to recruiting children for the program, studying intertwined with the increased living standards and addition to their studies and community commitments, parental attitudes, working on special summer camps social mobility of the mainstream of Canadian society they grew frustrated with the apathy of their followers for children in the program, and. in conjunction with and the archaic quasi-realism of the Ukrainian com- and usually dropped out of sight. With the possible teachers, preparing materials for use in the program. munity. Student and public apathy was/is widespread; exception of Edmonton, local clubs lacked the con- The successful development and contribution most people never have to worry about attaining the tinuity of manpower to develop any long-range SUSK has made in the area of education and mul- basic necessities of life. Disinterest in international, strategy. ticulturalism is the result of personal expertise, national, local or ethnic issues and politics is in- The realization that Ukrainian students must get experience and financial backing. Too often, SUSK creasing. In fact, the majority of students do not even more involved in campus politics grew. Ideas and activity has lulled because students do not understand know the issues are But, a of what handful SUSK volunteers were by themselves not enough to sensitize an issue well enough to deal with it. Gaining experience activists spread out across the country work the general community. But conferences, panel dis- through amateur attempts has developed a set of simultaneously to keep local clubs alive on social cussions, workshops, or seminar series, were usually resource personnel, but at the expense of the events and national SUSK up-to-date on the real only attended by the committed. And without campus reputations of certain individuals and the organization. concerns. funding or moral support, efforts seemed in vain. Some During my two eventful years in SUSK, I often felt The problems have not changed since my term. clubs even gave up office space because they did not intimidated by the romantic legacy of student activism The east-west geographic separation of Ukrainian know who to lobby, what to say. or why. Unfortunately, student clubs was/is enhanced by the superiority this situation has changed little. Few Ukrainians are complex of Ukrainians from eastern Canada. Distances tound on student councils, as faculty or departmental (SLOBODZIAN continued on page 47) and isolation result/ resulted in students surviving from one congress lo another, with more concern over where the next congress would be than what would be discussed, by whom, and why. Most executive members carried two or three posts and were scattered it across the country in 1975-76 so the left arm hardly 1976-77: is what knew what the right one was doing. However, moving SUSK the executive in 1975 out of Toronto, electing a 5 president from the west, and becoming involved in a few new issues did give SUSK a face-lift. has been The 'grassroots movement' initiated by Yuriy Daschkoin 1973-74 remained a priority in 1975-76. UCC The executive council on which I dent Clubs (USC) across Canada the winter of our discontent. After a (Ukrainian Canadian Committee) - relations SUSK served was elected by a large body of prepared a cross-country speaking disappointing congress in experienced the traditional frustration and tension. the very delegates attending tour for the former Soviet dissident Philadelphia in 1976, where SUSK Eftorts to bring representatives from other ethnic successful Scarborough SUSK Con- and mathematician Leonid Plyushch. (although the largest constituent groups together to discuss different aspects of mul- gress in 1976. We were given a The subsequent birth of local Com- national organization) was excluded ticulturalism were fruitful but attempts to raise student to organization mandate boost the mittees in Defense of Soviet Political from the inner sanctum of the ex- consciousness and encourage Ukrainian students to financially, a goal to which all other Prisoners (CDSPP) was an important ecutive and being thus left with no become more involved in campus affairs were to no activities to subordinated. were be offspring of the tour. One step voice in CeSUS save for a nominal avail. Probably the most significant aspect of the term Unfortunately no spec- we made forward in the cause of human rights position on the panel of vice- was the work and interest initiated in education and but we did tacular financial gains, was Plyushch's appearance and presidents, relations deteriorated multiculturalism. In fact. it. has generated some and managed keep the ship afloat testimony before the Worid Mental further. A meeting of the CeSUS profitable and long-term {in student years) gains for several projects as well — all on a SUSK. shoestring budget- However, the grassroots movement was hampered All that was accomplished in by a swelling debt, insufficient manpower, and postal 1976-77, though, was made possible strikes — all of which made following up gains difficult. through the commitment and long For example, a Ukrainian Students' Club formed at hours invested by members of the Brandon University sent four enthusiastic represen- executive. Student staff, and our tatives to the 1976 Western conference in Calgary, but numerous friends, especially Halyna no one has ever heard from them since. The realization Hryn and Oles Cheren of Cataract Marijka Hurko was SUSK that Saskatoon students were being factionalized by Press. This must be said to dispel any president in 1976-77. She studied adult organizations in that community became impressions that SUSK is a creature journalism and Soviet and East frustrating as no local or exportable organizational with a life of its own. It is what you European Studies at Carleton leadership existed to bring them together to discuss make it, and always has been. It there University in Ottawa, Since 1976 common problems and issues, to develop a voice on is only one person burning the wicK in she has been employed as a Story campus, to improve their self-image, or to somehow the office, then the result will beaone Producer by the Canadian Broad- unite these factions. Furthermore, these students candle-power operation. And nobody needed casting Corporation (Radio) in to develop pride and self-respect and to get to has the right to complain unless they know Toronto. one another first. Meanwhile, interest within are willing to apply a little sitzfleich eastern clubs waned. No one had the time, travelling themselves. or money diagnostic expertise to treat the ailments. In every year there are issues SUSK continued its verbal criticism of the UCC and which leave a certain imprint on its archaic superstructure. lacking But money, people SUSK. In 1976-77 there was human and power, SUSK made little headway. The tension rights and the international organiza- neither grew nor mellowed. We still faced the 'bad tion of Ukrainian students — CeSUS reputation' inherited from previous executives. (Central Union of U-krainian Meetings between the UCC and Trudeau and Munro, Students). then Minister Responsible for Multiculturalism. were as A month before the Belgrade Health Association Congress held in executive in Toronto in January 1977 fruitless -as ever. Usually the Ukrainian delegation had Review [of the Helsinki accords]. Vancouver, August 1977, where a did not even approach a solution to too narrow a perspective on the issues and spent too Conference, Amnesty International resolution condemning Soviet abuse the organization's internal problems. little time discussing the pomts and too much time (Canada) and SUSK co-sponsored a of psychiatry was adopted and When a resolution was passed reliev- arranging the appropriate hierarchical seating demonstration protesting Soviet carried to the congress of the World ing the CeSUS secretary in Italy of his arrangements, snapping pictures and eating the meal. violations of the Helsinki Accords. Psychiatric Association held duties in order that someone nearer Under these conditions little could be accomplished. Author Marco Carynnyk, the keynote September in Hawaii. A number of could be elected, the President and The regular bi-weekly UCC executive meetings speaker, called upon all peoples to important contacts were made by another member of the CeSUS ex- were equally unproductive. The patronizing the unite against Soviet tyranny and SUSK which will hopefully be helpful ecutive resigned and the Association chauvinistic attitudes of certain executive members oppression. During the summer the in future human rights actions. of Ukrainian Students of Mikhnovskyi toward SUSK's delegate (a female) were annoying and executive and local Ukrainain Stu- CeSUS. on the other hand, was (TUSM) pulled out, followed shortly

Page 8: STUDENT. Anniversary lssue 1977-78: "... We started amidst a storm of controversy ..." Andrij Makuch inaction by the executive and in write this brief impression serious ramifications. By the summer of 1977, the This was due in part to I found it very difficult to crisis proportions, and Toronto part because no Eastern vice-president had been of my year as head of the Ukrainian Canadian Students' situation had reached — had carried SUSK for many years — elected at the Congress. Our executive managed to Union. The events are still very fresh in my mind, and the centre which incapable of another round. So, the keep fairly good contact with the Western Canadian attempting to place them into a wider context has taken looked dismally Edmonton, USCs, but the East was a write-off. Past-president considerable bit of thought and some soul searching torch was passed to a controversy. The Marijka Hurko made a very conscientious effort to that others will appreciate We started amidst a storm of on my part. 1 hope my Plyushch tour, several Congress maintain ties, but could "not handle this alone. observations and even benefit from some recommen- recent Leonid (particularly those supporting Quebec's The conferences which we sponsored that year dations. resolutions self-determination and censuring the were good, although not outstanding. The Eastern Let me begin by saying that behind every myth is a right to Canadian League for the Liberation of Conference, a symposium on the defence of human truth, reality is far leadership of the . certain amount of while a more of strong Student had rights in Ukraine, was perhaps the best in quality of . and the reappearance a complex matter. My year as SUSK president can be Ukraine) turned many heads. These tensions threatened to material presented, but had the fewest participants viewed in this context. Our executive inherited the cause an ugly scene at the Ukrainian Canadian (even many of those who were there had a minimal legacy that SUSK had been and should continue to be a Committee (UCC) Congress in October 1977. Although current involvement with SUSK). The Western Con- vanguard among Ukrainian-Canadian organizations. the League for the Liberation for Ukraine went so far as ference dealt with the question of a Ukrainian- In fact, SUSK was experiencing a very real to boycott the event, a bitter end was avoided by some organizational crisis. At the same time, we were pitted careful diplomacy on SUSK's part, handled by the VP with the byth that "the West is where its at" — and External Liaison, Taras Pawlyshyn. Edmonton in particular. True, the West was becoming Despite such a "roaring" beginning, our actual more active, but the hopes for the future of the entire aims were much more modest — to have Student Ukrainian-Canadian community (or at least the student financially centre. appear regularly, to remain (or become) segment of it) could not be pinned on one solvent, to re-establish good contact with member Although the executive and Student were transferred to clubs, and to sponsor regular SUSK business con- Edmonton, we could not. nor did we intend to. do ferences. successful with the first. everything alone. We were must Student appeared an unprecedented ten times that One of the first things the new SUSK executive to assess year, largely through the efforts of editor-in-chief, based in Edmonton attempted to do was Nestor Makuch. Although Student is an independent realistically what it could do. There were high expec- body, the SUSK interest and input into it were essential tations of us. However, this mistrust of our own legacy — forum like Student is needed to maintain the came not from any disagreement in principle that the a of any sort of a Ukrainian-Canadian student Ukrainian-Canadian student movement should ad- integrity movement. One might say that SUSK activities took a dress itself to a variety of important issues, but from a back seat to Student that year. In fact, before the 1977 recognition that a serious assessment of SUSK's Congress {in Vancouver), a core group from Edmonfon situation had been long overdue. had indicated to the SUSK executive in Toronto that it Since 1975 SUSK had been set up similarly to a willing to take over the publication of Student. And executive members held portfolios. It was cabinet whereby it was the with the election of the Edmonton executive, not foreseen that such an arrangement needed was stated outright that Student would be SUSK's first following requisites to advance evenly and effective priority for the year, as it was. Executive members areas; an operative financial base (certainly in all contributed articles regularly, Student funds from executive members with a commitment, without debt); SUSK dues were turned over promptly, and SUSK understanding in their field; a small body of if not an became Student's strongest booster. We did not, people from which two-or-three-person available however, attempt to interfere with editorial policy, so committees could be formed around a given portfolio; a that co-operation between the two bodies remained strong administrative core in the centre (president, excellent. Undoubtedly, Student was the highlight of executive co-ordinator, secretary, treasurer); and a (although this is the year. strong working group around Student were requisites Our finances and our club communications a whole area to itself). Never had all these be not such a shining picture of success. We kept a been met, yet Congress resolutions continued to balanced budget and did manage to eliminate a chunk president passed based on the expectationsof a very ideal SUSK. Andrij Makuch was SUSK of the SUSK debt, but never came to grips with the was either a) certain portfolios were in 1977-78. Following his graduation from The result largerproblemof establishing a solid financial base for functionally dropped or b) an attempt was made to keep the University of Alberta in 1978 with a which SUSK. A"financial commission"to look into this matter going in all areas to the extent possible, B.A. (Hon,) in history. Mr. Makuch was things formed — but disappeared — on paper. Club minimal effectiveness in most areas, and no was Ukrainian- meant communications improved in part through the regutar employed for a year on a impact by SUSK in any area. lacking otherwise.- Canad/an history project. He is now long without appearance of Student, but were still Obviously, this could not go on for pursuing a M.A. degree in history at the University of Alberta.

Canadian culture and was informative, but came to no resolution. A highlignt of this latter conference was a always facing SUSK. you make it and group session to determine the problems An Eastern Presidents' Conference in Toronto in Early Mariika Hurko May proved to be a fairly dynamic and intense affair which echoed the group session at the Western Conference. The Congress in Winnipeg was a "mixed bag" with something for everyone. Unfortunately, communities, which may be practical work. by the Union of the Ukrainian General Petro G.-igorenko and Ludmitla Alekseeva, dense area of Southern On- As one of the three women Students of the U.S. (SUSTA). in the speak at a human rights session were has seen, perhaps who were to executive was then tario. In February, the Western Con- presidents SUSK air strike had A provisional unable to make it to Winnipeg as an organized by the Winnipeg my comments would be interesting created, and an Extraordinary Con- ference, grounded them. Our last conference ot the year took following USC, offered a variety of interesting on this aspect. On the whole tew gress was organized the place when, in fact, our term of office was over. This was topics; "The Sociology of Ukrainians problems arose because of my summer at Wb\ch SUSK was a workshop on the future of Ukrainians in Canada that I from every in Canada," "Multilingual Broad- gender. I did notice, however, systematically excluded which was held in conjunction with the Canadian including the casting." and "Dissent in Ukraine." did not enjoy the "camaraderie" or congress committee — Institute of Ukrainian Studies' "Social Trends Among aban- Accounts of life in Ukraine by two rapport with our hromada's verification committee! SUSK Ukrainian Canadians" conference held In Ottawa, recent Ukrainian emigres predominantly male leaders which doned the Congress in protest. young 1978. The workshop brought forth many conference. male SUSK presidents did September our sister organizations in highlighted the some consideration and a number of Although that ood points for national congress in Van- before me. Secondly, I think men CeSUS invited us to return, promising The recommendations trom the various speakers must be mentioned here generally receive better training in concrete couver I give us representation, the die was might gather, it was a full year. However, to skills than women, As one was a because of its historic resolutions cooperative do existed after the 1977 cast. We maintained that there not feel that SUSK should have recognizing the right of national self- which makes administration easier do fundamental problem within CeSUS, Vancouver Congress m the same form as it had determination for the Quebecois. and for them and more work for us, or at the resolution of which the Congress condemning the Canadian League least for myself. But "practice makes president should devote itself to instead of "^""^Twould favour there not being a SUSK perfect,' and if more women took for the Liberation of Ukraine's if you ratifying reports and electing ex- perse; two vice-presidents, or co-chairpeople boycott of Leonid Plyushch. The positions of responsibility and East and ecutives. The idea was rejected and heading co-ordinating committees in ttie expertly organized by leadership they would quickly master will arrange- stayed out. At the 1977 SUSK congress was would be a far more reasonable SUSK skills cooperative effort and in the West launch a the coordinators and the Vancouver the of would act as Congress it was resolved to ment. The co-ordinating committees handling power. centres for he review of CeSUS's role in order to USC. resource, development, and agitation Raising money through pubs, Today, as 1 look into the future each part of the ascertain whether SUSK should con- Ukrainian Student Clubs (USC) m dances and koliada occupied the rest from the crest of SUSK's 25th an- would act as tinue to be a member The only country The various vice-presidencies I teel kept a balanced niversary, I am optimistic, lor undertaking positive word that can be said about of our hours. We personnel, aiding those USCs has been rejuvenated by its Resource that everyone was budget (no mean teat these days), SUSK rather than launching this whole fiasco is presets in their area of specialty debts, and even manag- move to Western Canada. However would be a completely finally confronted by Ihe gravity of the settled some nrn Pcts of their own Student bank than we there is a continuing life or death remain the problem — a condition which is the ed to leave more in the ffinomous body and the Congress would challenge SUSK faces in that it must building a healthy found. Ultimately, this would mean a return first step toward and hiohest authority in a dry nutshell was the remain as an active movemeni most important area of CeSUS. And that u;^stressmg the local level as the ^, , was not an organization. Because of their important activity of SUSK year 1976-77. Of course, there An when economic conditions, students will is fostering excitement , for instance, highly-centralized SUSK year, and every year, — have never favoured a that the probably never have more than a ^""^'T local clubs For this three of us drove madly through never seen a situation where such a and servicing the because, a) I have night York with some CeSUS band-aid organization, but being in a clubs, and b) a the Eastern and Western to New not alienate its member reason, dynamic state ot learning, building body would I ne people to intervene at the Ukrainian siphon o f many of the Conferences are- organized. national executive would usually the Congress of America in and change, they are ideally suited for people from loca University USC hosted Committee talented and most dedicated Queens World the role of social activists. most Conference with a warrn regards to the closing of the with disasterous results for the locals. If Eastern is have a USCs often Ukrainian Congress of Free Ukrainians' United The key to success to weaken and become in- welcome from the entire local USCs continue to Nations bureau and the finger on the community's pulse, and that will not be soon human rights alienated from a national executive, dissolu- community to identify crucial issues. This creasingly resignation of its head On the way be able ol time. forgotten. Its theme was"Problemso tion remains only a matter oi home we were harrassed by police In ability made SUSK a great student are involved Communities , plea to those who Small Ukrainian when the Let me end with a Ontario^ Liberty, N.Y., who refused to let us out movemeni a decade ago activities: DO IT! which there are many in with Ukrainian-Canadian student of town to find a garage to get our banner o( multiculturalism was rais- cited were the lack ot there are always problems, but still, there are Problems is another True I think there and press rented car fixed. We made frantic ed. For the 'SOs invisible than others). And communication, i.e. media the rewards (some more as midnight calls to a sleepy N,Y, con- banner waiting to be hoisted — things which the Ukrainian language, as well valuable experience and friendship are m tried of human, social and economic social sulate and to find a lawyer .... cause ott to future date. of educational, cultural and cannot be bought or put some There was always something to laugh rights. institutions. One solution formulated about that year, but mostly it was was resource sharing among the

STUDENT. Anniversary Issue; Page 9 SUSK National

1953-55 1958-60

Pieridenl Vera Zarowski President Vera Zarowski President Leo Wynnyckyj Vice-PresldenU Bohdan Bociurkiw (Winnipeg) Vice-Presidents Botidan Hanusctiak (Winnipeg) Vtce-Pre^denls W. Bilyk (Montreal) Pau) IHIek (Saskatoon) Mary Bodnarctiuk (Winnipeg) Ivan Kuziw (Ottawa) Paul Palienko (Toronto) Konstantirt Zelenko (Saskatoon) Olya Canylak (Toronto) Secretary* Victor Deneka Osyp Mushka (Montreal) J^. Klymyshyn (Saskatoon) Zenon Pohorecky Rosa Dastiuk (Toronto) Secretarys Luba Negrych Treasurer laroslav Barvinsky Alma Kossar (Winnipeg) A. Fenyk OreanEzalional Affairs Konstantin Zelenko luri Babiy Librarian C. Turczeniuk Academic Affain levhen Roslytsky Anne Herman Organizational Affairs G.B. Panchuk Publicity Nestor Olitnyk Volodymyr Kudryk Student Affair* O. Maryniak Social Halia Brenenshlul Treasurer Bohdan Czemerynsky PuUidly S. rJazar CeSUS Uason Leo Wynnyckyj Organizational Affairs Ronnan Kosliuk U. Trotimiak Controlling Commission Bohdan Lesak Academic Affairs laroslav Barvinsky Z. Pylypysfiyn Volodymyr Ztrarovsky Publicity Serge Radchuk Student Welfare B. Shulakewych Serge Radchuk Edward Lechmann External Affairs Anatole Kryvoruchko Lutia Sliuzar Social Eugenia Pohorecky Controffing Committee D. Shtohym Zenon tankivsky CeSUS Uason Leo Wynnyckyj W. Chamutzky Controlling Commission Ivan Troniak M. Switucha Volodymyr Papirchyk R. Zuk Clara Zemezukoff Zenon Pohorecky Donna Pavlyshyn

President Roman Serfayn President Andrew Gregorovich President Lulromyr Zyla VJ*. ErtefTxal Affairs Yarema Kelebay Boris Sorokiwsky Vice-Presidents VJ>. Internal Affairs Stefan Genyk-Berezowsky Ihor Stecura Secretarys Nina Maksymiw-Duszara Yurchuk Recording Secretary Marta The structure ot the remainder of the etecutive was Nadia Keryk Corresponding Secretary Mart'a Fotiy unavailable at time of printing. Arcfiives Oksana Serbyn Solonynka-Sabat Christina Finance Walter Myhal Oksana Baranovsky Press r^atalia Diakiw Treasurer Roman Maksymiw Student Affairs Roman Petrysfiyn Anastasia Shkilnyk Cultural Affairs Lubomyr Shulakewych Press Bob Sorokolil Cultural George Musy Auditing Committee George Dzioba Natalka Bandera Eugene Chofostil Yaroslav Kit Mictiael Wawryshyn

1972-73

President Yuri Dashko President Andriy Semotiuk VJ>. Western Vera Yuzyk President Myron Spolsky VJ>. Western Andriy Ogarenko VJ>. Eastern Don Sadoway VJ>. Western Sheila SIol>odzian VJ>. Eastern Don Sadoway Secretarys Halyna Hryn VJ>. Eastern Marijka Hurko Secretarys Genia Keryk Lida Hnatkiw Secietwys Margaret Pohran Natalka Chomiak Maria Treasurer Walter F>etryshyn Huska Treasurer liior Broda Cultural Affairs Marta Otynyk Treasurer Jurij Fedyk Student Affairs Vera Yuzyk Student Affairs Volodymyr Kuptowsky Student Affairs Hostyslaw Surowy Cultural Affairs Bohdan Barabash Student Conferences Lida Kucharyshyn Cultural Affairs Lesia Savedchuk UCC Representatives Vasyl Balan Special Attairs Olya Kuptowsky Bohdanka Rozdolsky Borys Gengalo UCC Representative Zorianna Hrycenko ^MCial Attairs Anrre Woloszyn Special Events Halia Kuchmij Boris Hwozdulych Controlling Committee fiJatalka Chomiak UCC Represefrtative Genia Keryk Myron Spolsky

Osadchuk Krawchenko (continued from page 3) identity as Canadians or the present executive. They Ukrainian-Canadians lhan with (continued from page were as follows: 5) the lite and problems of 1 Lack ot co-operation ol universities across Canada; mun'ity involvement. Ukrainians in Ukraine or conference, we flew in a some student clubs and wrote two dozen briefs for Pressure on the Federal abroad. They were usually much speaker from New York.) We organizations. various projects; visited clubs government to adopt far- younger than the students in participated in two 2, Poor communication with across Canada; raised money; reaching multicultural the second group. policies demonstrations, and were in- some student clubs and initiated and maintained con- occupicid much of ourenergies. Students in the second volved in the publishing of a organizations. tact with U.S. and South met on more than group were born in Ukraine and We one report on the Ukrainian opposi- 3 Apathy of some clubs American students. occasion with attended schools in Ukraine government of- tion. But this was a weak area of towards SUSK or lack of At the local level, the clubs ficials and in Europe. They were and told them of the our activity. For most of us the appreciation for the need of a were equally active. Some needs of ethnic groups. immigrants who had to learn the We pfienomenon of dissent was still central organization such as organized Dovzhenko lobbied English language before they Ukrainian M.P.s in the relatively new. and we lacked SUSK. evenings, others the sending of House of could be admitted to univer- Commons to win them information and analysis. It was 4. Lack of adequate finances parcels to the stricken Ukrai- to our sities They had greater finan- perspectives on the issue. clear to us that before we could 5 Lack of interest ot the nian areas of Yugoslavia. Kruty- Our field workers cial problems and most of them contacled go much further on this issue, we students in the activities of day demonstrations, Quebec ethnic had to work before they could many groups, and Ukrai- had to t>ecome better informed. their clubs and of SUSK. Winter Carnival celebrations, nian enter university. Being much organizations in an effort The term of office of the and even pickets to protest the lo strengthen older, these students had a the base of the 1969-1970 executive ended at The executive spent a con- lack of Ukrainian instruction at multicultural more mature outlook on lite. movement. In the 11th SUSK Congress in siderable amount of time and the university level. Based Furthermore these students on countless speeches, members Winnipeg, Like the Vancouver effort in attempting to find ways club lists, our membership was had experienced the tragedies of our executive tried to congress, this was a memorable and means of strengthening the around 2.0. of war and persecution by mobilize Ukrainian students to event. Attendance was ex- organization of SUSK. The On the community front Russians, Consequently, they we an acute awareness of the cellent — around 300 students constitution and by-laws of took a good deal of interest in felt that they had a mission to struggle for minority rights. We present — and spirits were high. SUSK at that lime presented the Ukrainian Canadian Com- pertorm in Canada, namely, to organized impressive The Ukrainian student move- some problems and required mittee (UCC), Through our expose communism and Rus- university-community con- ment that we had worked for changes in order lo facilitate the representatives in Winnipeg we sian imperialism and to bring to ferences in lour cities to had materialized. We had faced work of the executive and to followed the ins and outs of that Ihe attention of Canadians as evaluate the Fourth Volume and many frustrations and a good strengthen SUSK's structure. body. At the UCC Congress we well as to the rest of Ihe world government policies vis-a-vis deal of opposition, but we had Not being up-to-date on the intervened with an extensive the violations ot human rights ethnic groups in general. We also experienced activities and problems of position paper analyzing some and persecution of Ukrainians the worked out an analysis of the success. present -da Ukrainian- community and suggesting in Ukraine They had an ex- Fourth Volume, some broader Throughout this brief Canadian students, it is difficult programmes to ensure its sur- cellent command of the Ukrai- theoretical questions on the report of activity for me to give at the national nian language valid opinions on vival. We raised money for the multiculturalism issue, as well and used it in the level I have used the pronoun expressing future tasks facing the UCC and received a much as concrete demands and themselves at SUSK 'we.' I have written this from my meetings, Ukrainian-Canadian student appreciated grant from them in presented them to these con- conferences, con- movement. perspective — others of the "we" However. I believe return. We campaigned for the gresses and in publications ferences. Our positions were may not agree. Bui we' includ- that maintaining, preserving, as Patriarchate by publishing This mixture of the two and reported in the local and ed: R. Petryshyn.the eminence well as developing the identity distributing thousands groups of students produced a of national media. And through grise of the Ukrainian student of the Ukrainian-Canadian stu- copies of a special Ukrainian diversity of views and resulted our dealings with govemmenis movement, H. Kowalsky, M. dent will be one ol its most language issue of Student. in some interesting and healed we developed a minor Kucharyshyn, C. important tasks. Other tasks Youth Chomiak, A. debates concerning the ac- groups were contacted storehouse of information include the preservation Bandera, C. Hnativ. G. Senkiv, tivities of the with the result that CYMK, UCY about grant and objectives of SUSK Ukrainian possibilities and H. Galan, M. Borodach, Y. culture and and MUNO field workers tried to funnel this At times it was difficult lo find a information Boshyk, V, Poprava. E. language, encouragement of attended suitable compromise lo satisfy our orientation back to the Ukrainian com- Ukrainian Boychuk, M. Slotiuk, I. the two groups students to take course. We convinced the munity. without the risk Ukrainian Kucharyshyn. H. Chomiak, R. of and Slavic studies at Toronto Ukrainian Professional On the alienating one of them. question of Ukraine, Andriovych. S. Kuz, D, An- universities, and encouraging and Business Club to hire two we The problems facing the' carried out some tonyshyn, A. Tysiak. Y. Kelebay, students to participate in the student field workers lor the educational SUSK executive during my work. Dissent was A. Semotiuk, M. Pidhirna. activities of Ukrainian student summer months. To our presidence were probably discussed at two regional con- O, Novakivsky, and clubs and organizations. membership many more. similar to the problems facing we preached com- ferences. (For the Saskatoon

Page 10: STUDENT, Anniversary Issue Executives, 1 953-78

1962-63 President .Leo Wynnyckyj President Roman Osadciiuk President George Borys V.P. Extemel Affairs Anatole Kryvoruchko V.P. External Affairs Oleksy Sahaydakiwsky V.P. Internal Affairs Ihor Diakunchak V.P. Internal Affairs Oles Babiy Vice-Presidents R, Hucal (Montreal) Vice-Presidents Ivan Hykawy (Montreal) The structure of the remainder ot the executive was S. (Ottawa) Charko Stephen Kharko (Ottawa) unavailable at time ot prmting. Mykola Lypowecky (Toronto) Ivan Kuziv (Toronto) A. Kozak (Hamilton) Anne Stepaniuk (London) S. Lasanowsky (London) Andrew Gregorovich (Toronto) S. Pidsosny (Saskatoon) Vasyl Lysy (Winnipeg) Secretarys S. Kushnir -Stepiien Pidsosny (Saskatoon) R. Kwasowska Mykola Zaiats (Vancouver) Librarian J. Hykawy Oksana Witushynsky Treasurer laroslav Czechut Uliana Bihus Publicity Andrew Gregorovich Renata Holod Student Aid and Welfare R. Karpishka Financial George Borys Cultural and Educational L. Zuk Cultural a Educational Natalia Tysiuk Controlling Committee M. Switucha Publicity Tetiana Kalymon W. Bilyk Student Aid Vasyl Yanishevsky J. Kit Controlling Commission Orest Dzhulynsky O. Mushka OIha Oanliak B. Turczeniuk

1969-70 1971-72

President Bohdan Krawchenko President Marusia Kucharyshyn President Marko Bojcun V.P. Western Marusia Kucharyshyn V.P. Western Yury Boshyk V.P. Western Irene Kuszka V.P. Eastern Stephan Kuz V.P. Eastern Iwanka Lewandosky V.P. Eastern Yurij Tarnowetsky Secretary Halyna Kowalsky Secretary Irene Okipniuk Secretarys Halyna Kuchmij Treasurer George Senkiw Full-time Staff Andri) Bandera Ola Chmyliwsky Representatives Andrij Bandera UCC Cultural Affairs Zorranna Hrycenko Treasurer Slawko Fitchko Chryslina Hnatiw UCC Representatives Ihor Kalicynskyj Cultural Affairs Ihor Sechylo Student Conferences Daria Antonyshyn Myrosia Pidhirnyj UCC Representatives Borys Gengalo Special Events Yuriy Kelebay Student Conferences Andh) Semotiuk Bohdan Krucko Student Affairs Roman Petryshyn Student Affairs Roman Petryshyn Special Events Bohdanka Cmoc Cultural Affairs Alex Tysiak Special Events Vtfalter Petryshyn Student Affairs Yuri Kovar Student Conferences Irka Kunda

1975-76 Student Editors

President Sheila Slobodzian President Mariika Hurko President Andrij Makuch 1968 Roman Serbyn V.P. Community Development Michael Davids V.P. Multlculturallsm Volodymyr Kuplowsky V.P. Muiliculturalism David Lupul 1969 Bohdan Krawchenko V.P. Muiliculturalism Myron Spolsky V.P. Human Rights Roma Andrusiak V.P. External Liaison Taras Pavlyshyn Chryslia Chomiak V.P. Human Rights Yarema Kowalchuk V.P. External Liaison Yarema Kowalchuk V.P. Human Rights Roma Andrusiak 1970 Yury Boshyk Secretary-Treasurer Irene Welhasch V.P. Community Development Stefan Huzan Secretarys Olenka Lupul 1970- 71 Zenon Zwarych Executive Coordinator Maria Swidersky V.P. Cultural Affairs Irka Iwachiw Marusia Yanush 1971-72 Irka Okipniuk Bohdan Kupycz Secretary-Treasurer Roma Kuplowsky Treasurer Ivan Jaworsky Andfi) Bandera Congress Chairperson John Shalagan Executive Coordinator Volodymyr Dashko 1972-73 Halia Kuchmij UCC Representative Sheila SloDodzian UCC Representative Taras Pavlyshyn 1973-74 Shkandnj 74-75 \ SiucVi 1975-76 Lubomyr Szuch 1976-77 SoUdan Kupycz 1977- 79 Nestor Makuch

Kucharyshyn (continued from page 6) fieldworkers in Plast. SUM, SLIMK and MUNO projects. clear. In subsequent actions confrontations involved Energy, enthusiasm and committment abounded not only the government but the Ukrainian-Canadian Bojcun in these projects and provided a big boost for the Establishment as well. Ukrainian year 1970-71 in SUSK was one in which events community However, Ihey did not compen- The (continued from sate (or the lack of expertise in actually carrying out the moved very quickly. Although the Movement we had page 6) more ambitious porjects. Despite many difficulties, been involved in may have been small and less dramatic Trudeau agreed to raise the and its demands among the there is no queston that the field worker involvement than other upheavals at that time, it was significant. It plight ot Moroz with Premier public at large as its principal had a profound personal effect on its participants and helped bring about government policy changes regar- Kosygin aim. on some of the communities where they worked. ding ethnic minorities aswell as changing the concepts But Moroz remained in The left-right split in Concurrent with the SUSK national executive's underlying the ethnocultural definition of Canada prison, and the lack ot results defense work reflected itself concentration on multicultural politics and community Forcing Ukrainians (i.e. the UCC) into Canadian from these actions caused more deeply rn SUSK at the social animation, serious work was also being done on national politics and muiliculturalism activism brought many defense activists to ques- national executive level, and its defence of Ukrainian political prisoners in the USSR. about a new degree of cohesion and consciousness in tion the political and tactical results can only be called con- Two student-led committees were created — the "Set the Ukrainian community as a result of being forced to foundations of the Moroz action tradictory. On the one hand, a Them Free" Committee and the Committee in Defence face the daylight of Canadian, rather than simply — implicit reliance on a Ukrai- progressive-democratic perspec- of Valentyn Moroz On 30 January 1971 the first SUSK ghetto, politics. The experiences and lessons ot the nian nationalist base ot support, tive in defense work was born, led mass demonstration in defence of Valentyn Moroz Ukrainian Student Movement became the source for seeking the help ot the harbinger of the network of brought out over 1000 participants in Ottawa, Organiz- the re-emergence of an independent left-wing political governments to pressure the CDSPPs created in the wake of ed by two young SUSK militants, it signalled a current among Ukrainian youth that had been absent Soviet Union, a humanitarian Plyushch's release from Canadian oriented and activist posture on thequestion from Ukrainian politics for two decades perspective devoid of the Dnipropetrovsk psychiatric of Ukraine, Turning away from the crude anti-Soviet It was a year when much was accomplished yet. political themes raised by the hospital in 1976 and his tour of approach often used by immigrant Ukrainians, student due to our unprepardness, much was left unfinished. Ukrainian oppositionists we North America. On the other defence activity had positive and concrete demands- We did help to change things but in turn were more were defending. Our apprecia- hand, the exit of these activists The demands for the release of Ukrainian political changed by them. The Ukrainian Student Movement tion ot the relations between from SUSK as such left the new prisoners was made on the basis of human and civil had a profound impact on the personal lives of the Canada and the Soviet Union executive under the presidency rights, and was aimed not only at the Soviet embassy students swept into its vortex and on the many more had matured as had our un- of Andriy Semotiuk with few but also at the government of Canada that SUSK felt affected in its periphery Although some were burned derstanding of the nature of the experienced members. The had to intervene on its behalf out and embittered in the process, the Ukrainian oppositional struggle. Ivan latter problem had its most Prior to Prime Minister Trudeau"s visit to the Soviet Student Movement produced specimens, who Dzyuba's work. Inter- disastrous effect in the nearly Union in the summer of 1971, the defence committees transformed and informed by experience gained in nationalism or Russiticatinn total lack ol attention the new organized 7000 signatures and sent several student the interim, remain active and hopeful today. was one ot the more important Ukrainian left wing devoted to delegations to the. Department of External Affairs to stimulants to the evolution ot the multicultural question, leav- assure Trudean's intervention on behalf ot Valentyn the Set Them Free Committee, ing It to the lobbyists and Moroz. Trudeau's refusal to do this, and his statement Doschko creating a lively discussion monitorers' of later years on returning to Canada comparing Moroz to FLO among all the activists working These few lines represent a terrorists, resulted in a national press and Ukrainian (continued from page 7} out of the national executive personal view ot SUSK's inter- the subsequent process of re- nal history, so to speak, community uproar In negotiations students to become involved in the student and office This Canadian Committee a split along between 1971 and 1972, All of between the Ukrainian and the Ukrainian-Canadian community, the Union by itself evaluation led to leadership attempted to thegreat majority the larger social processes — Prime Minister, the UCC back cannot be used to reorganize the overall Ukrainian- political lines, with the Them the decline ot the North down from any confrontation government on Canadian community. SUSK does not have the power (17 out of 19) of the Set for the dissent current members mov- American student movement, the matter of principled support to bring about such changes since, as one celebrated Free Committee the face of opposition anti-Stalinist and the conservative in Ukraine The UCC did this in community organizer stated, any social surgery ing towards a left, community rising from the nghiist resurgence on 76 campuses, for from the new leadership in the requires the scalpel ot a stable, disciplined, mass- orientation. While and businessmen, and example, form an important the ranks of Ukrainian professionals based power organization which will maintain its form minority was left in disarray delegation were torn between left wing moved backdrop to these events. SUSK members o! the and force over an extended period of time. SUSK is not confusion, the maintaining the militant line ol the Committee in on to create a new committee — Perhaps some enterprising such an organization. Its long-range concern must be Defence of Valentyn Moroz and maintaining a "united the first Committee in Defense research into the SUSK tiles to involve students in Canadian society at various levels front" with the traditional leaders, Ukrainian of Soviet Political Pnsoners deposited at the National UCC {i.e. student, Ukrainian Canadian, etc) so that they may students had been taught that political fractionation (CDSPP) in Toronto — in Oc- Archives in Ottawa will bring eventually become Involved in organizations that will had been the cause of all Ukrainian historic defeats, tober 1972 which took up the this evolution into a clearer be able to bring about changes In Canadian society. Its thus the maintenance of a united front with the popularisation of the op- perspective. immediate concern is to help students tackle the leaders theory as it positional struggle in Ukraine traditional was not as absurd m various problems facing as students and as the them turned out in practice. During those negotiations, Ukrainian Canadians. contrast between the politics of the Ukrainian Student The organizing and activating of students is a Movement and that of the leadership became very UCC Sisyphean task. This is the task of SUSK. STUDENT, Anniversary Issue: Page 11 '

- - 25 ; I.- » .

(No. July-August 1968} Viewpoint by W. Asper MESSAGE FROM THE We are building on the solid PRESIDENT foundations laid by our prede- cessors and we are conscious IMPERIALISM IN OUR SOCIETY of the fact that our present (No. 3. October 1969) and future success was made FDITOR'S NOTE: tal cultural product of the acquired or enjoyed either be- possible by the achievements This section of the paper is overall society. To judge one fore or after the coming into of the past generations. devoted to individual opinions. culture and language better force of this act with respect Every generation seeks new The ideas expressed are not than another is to make false to any language than is not all problems * solutions to the necessarily those of the edito- -decisions which are imperia- an official languege." they new or old. Change be rial board. We encourage you, listic and racist in nature. This is a negatively phrased goes in hand with prog- hand the readers, to use this page Viewed from this basis of catch-all clause. It legislates ress. True progress does not jor voicing your opinions. e(juality, we may better un- nothing, and offers nothing to always demand a radical and "Imperialism" is often a derstand why consideration protect the languages and cul- complete break with the past- nmch maligned and overgene- can and must be given to ho- tures of the one-third of our it rejects only that which has ralized phrase bandied about nouring, through legislation, population which is neither become anachronistic and a without any actual reference other minority languages and English nor French. hindrance to further growth. to reahty. This short article is cultures. If the mass society Mr. Baldwin, House Leader marks a fur- The STUDENT In like manner we shall strive concerned with the lethal im- does not lend effort to sup- of the Opposition, moved the expanding ther step in the to derive inspiration from the perialism which our mass so- porting those languages and following qualitative change activity of the Ukrainian Ca- achievements of elders our ciety exerts on minory groups. cultures which exist in society, to Clause 38, on June 20, 1969: nadian University Students' and to adapt all that is worth- It is the imperialism arising then by its absence of action Clause 38 "1. The right to par- while and precious in our Union. It is published in from a technological society it condones their inevitable speak a language other than Ukrainian heritage tial fulfillement of the prog- to our wanting to simplify its total death and assimilation. Just as either of the two official lan- needs as ram adapted by the 9th SUSK Ukrainian-Canadians. environment, and which as a our society dealt with threat guages shall not be restricted 1968. But, as there are shortcomings diversity. Congress on May 11, The result, is intolerant of to the French language and or restrained in its natural de- bilingual in the social, religious, manifests main purpose of this econo- This intolerance culture, it now must continue velopment in any way. mic, and political life publication is to maintain of our itself in many ways which con- to choose humanitarian values 2. The Governor in Council community, consider it close communications between we not cern university students. Be- over those of economics and may, through order in council, only our Ukrainian Canadian student right but our duty to cause we reflect, in microcosm, technology. "More than most enter into an agreement with criticize these organizations and individual shortcomings. the social and cultural diver- countries, Canada is a crea- the government of any prov- The students. The STUDENT will STUDENT, therefore, will sity of our total society, we tion of human will." ince which has been authoriz- gladly carry articles inform about the plans and or letters can therefore justly strive for By this analysis, the present ed by legislation so to do. for to the editor activities of the SUSK execut- with critical or that diversity's continued ex- laws and future Canadian Con- the purpose of encouraging polemical ive, about the work of the content in the firm istence. stitution must view, in prin- natural development of any conviction 'various Ukrainian Clubs and that dialogue makes Of late, one manifestation ciple, all languages and cul- such minority language espe- their individual members. We man think and that a thinking of society's intolerance was tures as equal. (It is only from cially as regards the use of shall try to notify our readers person is a better citizeD. shown in the fight against the this initial assumption that the such language in matters of about things that are of inte- The STUDENT wiU be pub- acceptance of the French lan- Government of Canada can education." * rest to them as students and lished every two months. guage and culture. Since this then furthur go on to- define This positively phrased am- as Ukrainian-Canadians. We Although primarily a bilingual struggle has been successful the necessity of two major mendment guarantees the de- shall also take a stand on con- publication, it will also contain with the passing of the Official working languages — English velopment of minority lan- troversial issues. articles in French. The mate- languages Bill, the feelings and French") guages by making society The fact that at this mo- rial in the various languages of bias now even stronger Thus far, however, techno- aware of the need for their will not repeat similar ac- ment SUSK feels strong itself but against considering logical efficiency and our mass development. Further it pro- enough to publish the STU- rather be complimentary. The tion for the following three cidtural need for simplicity, vides legislation which would DENT and to organize a large- STUDENT WiU be sent free of other minority language and have relegated varying lin- have allowed support to such scale student convention in charge to all members of cultinal categories: guistic-cultural values to a mi- cultural-linguistic development. Winnipeg indicates the degree SUSK; non-members can ob- 1. the native populations in- nor role. This imperialism of In no way does this rephrased of maturity and sophistication tain it from Ukrainian book- digenous to this land (Indians our societv has taken two clause weaken or challenge stores of the Ukrainian-Canadian or directly from the and Eskimos) the major question of the of- forms of action: community of whish the stu- administration. 2. the ethnic groups which ficial recognition of English their lan- 1. Government is ignoring dents form an integral part. Roman Serbyn. have maintained and French, dealt with in Bill over the contentions of these mi- guages and cultures many C-120. It should be evident ( Ukrainians, nority groups, and by its si- LEHERS... LETTERS . LEHERS... generations Jews, that the additional develop- lence, approves of their (No. 5. January 1970) Cermans) gra- ment of minority languages, immigrants dual assimilation. 3. newly arrived even without official "working THE FUTURE OF lusion, it is to unreasonable as- to this country (Italians, Por- 2. Government, when direct- UKRAINIANrSM language" status, is a desirable sume that any fairly skilled hncp.spl ly challenged, rebuffs attempts goal for a nation building a Dear Sir; author would restrict himself It is the contention of thl. to legislate for their continu- future. supfrficial consideration o£ to the Ukrainian language article that in principle all lan- ed well being. This motion would have till.' Ukrainian community in when a much larger audience guages within the boundaries The most recent example of granted tolerance; but because Canada would lead one to tag is at hand. But for the sake of of our country must be given the latter occurred during the it advocates tolerance, it was the .system of beliefs which are argument let us suppose that a equal consideration, In prin- debate on Bill C-120. which l oted down. In reality the mo- txjmmon its to members with writer does indeed limit him- ciple, therefore, the French now the Official Languages tion was a threat to society's the label, culture. self to the life of Ukrainian language must be considered imperialistic needs for simplic- Such a charge is perhaps not communities. His subject-mat- as a cultural contribution equal Clause 38 reads; "Nothing ity, power and unfamiliar control. to the more per- ter will gi\'e him a basic appeal l<* the English language, which in this act shall be construed Is the lack of effective ceptive po- members of that com- to the initiated reader, but in turn, must be considered as derogating from or dimin- litical power in immity, the minority who would reply that what purpose does his work with Iroquoian and German ishing in any any legal way groups a justification thougli for our such mifiht once have have in the general cause of as equally valuable to the to- or customary right or privilege not assisting and encouraging been the case there are now Ukrainian culture? them to develop? nmnifostations Must our of a viable It is here that we approach lor how is a life-style to Ukrainians in Canada is that government policy always be Canadian-Ukrainian culture. the crux of the Ukrainian com- firmly secured when it lacks a tliey are not so concentrated in based on pohtical expediency? Howf\er, a defense such as munity's dilemma in Canada, political apparatus. In the one province as to compose a Through our indifference and this can be disrupted on two lor how can the artist perform provincial government of Que- segment of the population our creation of imperiaUstic bases, for it demonstrates a that vital function of re-inte- bec the French-Canadians have large enough to either establish social systems, as mirrored in lack of awareness of both the ratini^ to his readers their es- obtained such . political struc- a political supremacy or force the debate of June 20, we are elements which are essential to sential social and political tu e f'lT themselves, and while i' cational concessions. In the denying minorities the support a culture's development and cliar;icteristics, when their Hves 1' pH'st of the rest of Canada losi^n'" of these possibilities they need to develop diverse the degree which to an artist are so impinged-\ipon by t**-* a^\-n-,iIation inexorably pro- ir iggle of the Ukrainian cultural and linguistic inter- will he willing to accept a enveloping Canadian sock y: ceeds, in that territory their ton. nity in Canada for cul- pretations within our contem- limitation in either his subject- It is in this sphere that the culture is strong and progres- tural survival would seem to porary Canadian society. matter or his financial rewards. ideal of Canadian- Ukrainian sive, be a noble but ill-fated quest In reference to the latter il- culture encounters its nemesis, The demographical fate of Terence M. Connor

Page 12: STUDENT, Anniversary Issue (No. 1, July-August 19) NEEDED — RAPID POSITIVE ACTION W. Roman Petryshyn

The Lakehead University these qualities, one does not those many students who pUshed. Compounded with this dent upon qualified and res- donating Ukrainian Club, Port Arthur, see any reason for could easily be participants in is a number of factors which pected individuals. It will be

Ontario, is a good example of ' time to such an organization, our community, but who need demand rapid and positive individuals, and not mass orga- the overall evolution occuring As a result, there have dev- to be personally approached action for the formation of nizations that in the future in the Ukrainian community, eloped small organizations of by other young persons offer- such a plan: will unify our community of Due to its central geographical bilingual individuals. With ing researched knowledge a) We are now benefiting effort and offer dynamic location, that club consisting such a restricted area of oper- the many contentious issues in fiom the post World War 11 leadership,

' As of twenty-five students is in ations, of course SUSK is the Ukrainian community. baby boom, and at the moment All of the above factors cry the way of that assimilatory weak. What organization well, this field worker would our youth organizations are as for the expansion of SUSK wave sweeping from west to wouldn't be? And what future be a key individual in the strong as they will ever be if into a more formidable organi- left east. is there for this kind of sys- development of long-term po- they are just simply on zation. Possibly the concept of Superficially, the club is tem? Although such a sim- licy and in the SUSK inform- their own. a fieldwork service may prov- active enough, having a ba- plified analysis has omitted ation and coordinating system, ) The French-English dispute ide the best media for a re- lanced program of educational many exceptions, it does indi- After being presented with being settled now will be the invigorated young push against material along with casual en- cate some of the feelings that this idea, the SUSK executive solution for many future gene- that assimilatory wave, and tertainment, Indeed, it was are in existence. has been endeavoring to de- rations. We must establish our give purpose and relevancy to responsible for the initiation The Lakehead University termine if the full plan can be position as being aware that Ukrainian-Canadian university of a first-year-level Ukrainian Ukrainian Club, striving to actualized. The compromize the French have won the revo- students. Because of SUSK's language course which is still broaden and expand the work- which is being considered is lution and that we are fully apolitical and areligious prin- maintained. As well, it has a ing basis of the clubs in SUSK, that enough finances be raised intending to support a bilin- ciples — it stands high among series of educational functions produced a paper which was to hire university students, not gual nation. all of the existent organi- but covering a broad range of to- submitted to the IXth Con- for a year and 4 months, c) The Ukrainian community zations in offering some posi- third five action for the future. pics. However, underneath gress in May of this year. for the period May-September, is proportionally the The period, Canada to this level of activity are two Basically, the paper asks for the university vacation lowest group in Lakehead University Ukrain- emotional currents which concrete action by SUSK to It would be a far more pro- have students in universities, ian Club standing exposed to en- wave, seem basic to all Ukrainian counteract the increasing ductive thing to have Ukrai- SUSK must, in some way that feels that the in- university student clubs with- speed of assimilation resultant nian students working for the courage more Ukrainian young creased professionalization of in our Union. from the two causative factors Ukrainian community and people to attend university. SUSK is a desirable and most success of com- necessary project, The first of these is student mentioned. The project, mo- learning of these problems iThe future our vagueness. There does not delled upon the Company of than to have those students munity will be heavily depen- appear to be any cohesive pur- Young Canadians, suggests devoting their time to non- pose or long range policy. that monies be found to hire creative jobs. Their activities EDITORUL would Membership is transient and SUSK field workers, who, among other students (No. 6, February 19701 ui fact, the existence of smaller after a training of 3-4 months, make real issues of the English- question, the Taras clubs is a seriously debated would be posted to live in French A CHALLENGE question every fall. The sec- centres across Canada. The Shevchenko Foundation, ex- It is with a great deal of pleasure that we see ond undercurrent is student fieldworkers would for a year, pansion of Ukrainian-Canadian labour taking initiatives for focusing public attention on feeling that club membership fully expend their energies in culture etc. Canada's ethnic groups. As evidenced value of such a field- the subject of is non-relevant for students promoting and coordinating The mestimable, by the February 14th Conference, both Federal anc interested in expansion of work service is v/ho a) are not the activity and scandously inade- prestigious re- Provincial government services are the political situation in Ukrai- Ukrainian student clubs and not only in quate — (rom "tmmiqrant »ol>cUation in various couniries speak Serious stress activation withm our commu- ne, and who b) do not youth groups. reception and integreVion in the absolute to the woebl inadequacy Ukrainian. It appears that would be put on making Ukrai- nity. but also can be accom- services once immigrants come to this country. In view without adeptness in both of nian Canadian life relevant to work which of the fact that Canada receives 200,000 people a year, {and we have been doing so for last 15 years), if is just about time that someone took responsibility for imple- AND HOLUBTSI February 1970) MOTHERHOOD menting an effective system to ensure the best way of By incorporating these people into our society. It is lu- ' cannot dicrous that our Immigration officials overseas like it all happened one day speak the language of the country they are in; in Toronto ^bout what our parents gave but it was a long time coming commemte this day when which today has three quarter of a million first gene- I'S and look how hard they it all began once upon a time three hundred students took ration immigrants, the Metro Police make little effort to red 'bile for and like there were all these thi.s power trip against the "/^^ have bilingual officers in appropriate areas; except """" " this ' ' was trying to hide' big Ukrainian type students and amw and Ihey' found out' ' Quebec no Provincial government has a Reception Cen- rip in my pants and by and by hke they were all going that flower-irovver doesn't pay tre for New Canadians. It is glaringly evident that Mr. this other cat pets up hke i through these hassles and run- like this one cat at the debate Fox, the new Chairman of the Metro Ethnic Labour Com- mean he was really far out and ning around town ^and getting in toronto gets lip and he starts mittee is going to have a tremendous job in trying to he picked up his book like he everyone out to go out to this flaving awav at this other guy shake Federal, Provincial and Municipal lethargy, as well before and he sv-ay- so like don't think they love had done effectively coordinate the meagre services thing like in Vancouver and ^ as trying to ed' and swaved and was get- read my maps and sure enough each otlier and was sure glad ^ that are available. ting scared thai he would fall major side to this it was really beside the ocean their mothers weren't there However, there is still another right over on the tape recorder attention. the And like hell there were kids because the things they were question that will call for Mr. Fox's Once which was right beside him are flying by plane going by boat saving were terrible and pretty "hard" services of housing, jobs and unionizing ac- and bo\' me and the other kids be aware of the and rail and ever)'one really soon the first one sat down be- complished, the Labour Council should were sure glad that he finally Ethnic groups coming and boy like took my cause be got all embarrassed second phase of the struggle for justice. his stopped swaying and declaring their existence he lost the page in , , • through generations. By bag and all undressed up because u j j remain together himself for motherhood and country. This and decided to go too and hook and he was sure going to they change the quality and nature of our bolubtsi and sat dovvn so again but will only be man like evervone had this re- read it to us so he tried an- cultural pluralism is a desirable goal — the other one rises and like he present power ally groovv time and like all other page but it just wasn't accomplished by political action. The keeps talking about how phony have resisted these hepped-up cats got up right and so like he sat do^vn structures control education and thus far we all are and how none ot the our schools. The there but hke man yon know meanwhile this guy in the mid- the inclusion of multi-cultural courses in groovy tumed-on people are rejected more don't know what the hell i'm die kept looking at bis watch teaching of ethnic languages has been i don t through here any^vay and like of British colonialism still doing in it yet so shake my and it must have been than once, while the ethics and be- know whats happening British citizen get preferred head and sav yeah that's it one of those torture tests linger on. Why does a i re- like i decide to go cause Canada Counci' and meantime all these cats cause ever so often he would citizenship status? Why doesn't the and i still ally dont like marriage ethnic arts? When is are getting together like they tell everyone that it was support the development of - diet and so i was recog- it was was on this appearance finally going to be all groove away on this ukra- going and what Hme da's international staying away from motherhood Immigration is not the only inian hi»b and do their own and anv^vay the other got up nized as multi-cultural? and holuhtsi and so like a of the present power struc thine old Ukrainian way and savs man like this is just a problem — the intolerance couple of days later i see the has already had strong fight and man like dig these cats inarriage-market and like who ture for cultural pluralism cats any^vay movie about these greek the contemporary population. Our any^vay like the local type to- the hell are we fooling with the wishes of and (hey keep fighting tor geared to making Canada a country ronto club well they planned like man what the hell what efforts must be all those straight for tlie hell bitch freedom and in flavour which is not only tolerant this meeting thing one night have we got to international care about about and anvwav Christ like cats who onlv but enthusiastically courts the rest of the whole and like it's a long time com- pluralism ' motherhood and marrying and To this end we give Mr. Fox our whole- ing about but the coffee is he was flaying his fists all world as its own. about those a.ou-d and like he had this keep thinking hearted support. We encourage him to co-opt first gene- swr. t and well like this super- slu- tight jacket on like i'm three hundred Ukrainian into his committee and with their intense straight cat be gets up and two loo and ration citizens cats sure he was choking on dents and those straight trust his effort: will challenge the present more super-straight cats get up reallv concern we don t like his face was in the debate and really a debate on his lie cause power structures. and like they had for red and he kept screaming kiiovi' what Ihev're fighting like whether we should like sure

STUDENT, Anniversary Issue: Page 13 : :

3 MULTICULTURALISM (No. 10, December 1970) . , of any ethnic sion could not fully under- the development IVth Volume and Ethnic Sufh the British . or appreciate the exis- group (other than 1 of Al- stand , presslon (University also a positive , French) is ting situation of other ethnic and . berta - Ukrainian Students develop- . Retention and preser- contribution to the ?" paper on the groups. , Club - Position Canadian identity. " vation are no longer enough - ment of the - - Volume). . IVth " become Government must take we did not desire to The , !" multi- historical artifacts. an official position of - ^' We, as Ukrainian Canad- publicity culturalism in order to make , The lack of proper . ?" reject the pos- aware of the multi- ians, totally and access for the general Canadians . ition of biculturalism as pres- aspects of their coun- " to the fourth volume is an ind- cultural ?" the fourth volune of ented in ication that the Commission try. Royal Commission on Bil- only the itself considers the report to We demand that not limgualism and Biculturalism and removed, but : be of little consequence restriction be ", ! . entitled The Cultural Con- to emphasis of the , that the Government wishes rather that the !" txibution of the Other Ethnic awareness condusive , have little public Government become . Groups. , the other ethnic groups as to our development. . of - , melting-pot poli of , A double functioning components Ca- Culture and knowledge are . - Canadian will not build up a nadian society. It must be acquired - . not instinctively , identity. It is a discriminat- participating in realized that rather, knowledge of them is non-Brit- ory action against Untill now all creative ener- exper- , gained through learning ? ethnic "! and non-French have ish gies of the ethnic groups These learning exper- " , iences. , groups. It will lead to a blur chanelled Into preserv- been iences are acquired within the !" , between in the distinction ation — not development - of - community. 1 Canadianism and American- their cultures because of the . order for the various eth- . In ism. We are not short term repressive atmosp- ". prevailing continue immig- nic communities to ), residents. We are not here. In order that non-British, ( developing on an ever higher, - rants. We are Canadians. non-French cultures flourish, only with , . level (that is, not , The development of a cul- a conducive atmosphere must . - tokenistic expressions of cul- , tural identity other then Brit- be established. . ture such as folk dancing and - and French is not non- , ish The quiet revolution in cuisine) they must receive Canadian. We wish tp be full Quebec should have opened . massive federal financial sup- ?" - participants in the develop- other ethnic " the door for the port. ?" , country, Canada. ment of our groups, that is, a new attitude " asking that the fed- - We are ?" , The fourth volume concen- of acceptance should have " provincial Govern- , eral and exclusively on the has happened " trates developed. What 1, ments change their attitudes, ?" past contributions (something instead? Biculturalism was , toward non-British, non-French - ?"... given) of the other ethnic introduced to temporarily ap- " groups in Canadian society: present plight of French. ethnic . groups. The pease the Now To stop regarding them with the ethnic groups is largely minorities face two overbear- indifference, to realize that . ignored - the future barely ing culture groups, the British made, are- and will . they have contemplated. Only four of and the French. continue to be^making great f,he fourteen commissioners contributions to further dev- . non-British, non- Central to a bicultural pos- . were of a ", " that eloping and enriching Cana- , French origin. ition is a rejection of all , cuVturaV po\iticaV and . da' 8 , This Commission, there- is non-British, non-French. Of life. , social necessivt it relegates the nat- fore, is hardly representetive 1 MO'f must not be , Slavs, the Ethnic groups of Canada's true ethnic com- ive peoples, the Chinese to an in- merely tolerated but encourag- position. But. what is even Italians, the thrive and develop. more important, the Commis- ferior secondary status. ed to MESSAGE IS WIDEN YOUR " UKRAINIAN CONSCIOUSNESS: (No. 15. November 1971) Ukrainian consciousness. !)!.." The message is to widen your area of "Ajnong The In Ihc words of Valenlyn in his polemic essay Ultramians the Snows"": "L^t us loolt around: are there many conscious m Russified, shattered KieV^ To increase their nunil>cr means to tiBlil really A liussified against Russificalion. Without it our work loses all mtanmg. us. What will ruined Ukrainian, a persons without his own I, stands before happened awaken his sleeping Ukrainian soul? Arguments"? It lias not yet Uhetorics and that an apostle converted anyone by arguments to his faith. ? ". iic-ithcr eloquence are powerless in this case. Christian apostles had The Christian apostles were described by K. Kenan as follows: ""Limited, narrow-minded, uneducated, without any experience in the matters of word'". propaganda. Jesus" disciples were small men in the full sense of the experience ""And"". Moroz continues, "'those uneducated iieopic witluiul made the Itoman Empire-Christian within a short period of time. The 5YAE Apostles! The present-day Ukraine needs apostles, not well-fed opportunists - realists — with their argumenU! No spiritual revolution happened Ukrainian reliirth possible ^' KYK" without the apostles. Nor is the present-day without them". .. . ,11, , between Itussilied Ukrainians and now easy it is to build an analogy assimilated Ukrainians. Let me reread the words of Valenlyn / wilh a few minor changes: "Let us look around: Are there many conscious Ikrainiaiis in the assimilated, urbanized Toronto? To increase their number means to fight really against assimilation. Without it. our work loses all meaning. An "1". assimilated, ruined Ukrainian, a person without his own stands before us. What will awaken his sleeping Ukrainian soul? survival. What will awaken his Yes that is the burning question of our sleeping Ukrainian soul? We can not just be anli assiniilation. We require an multiculturalism, allernalivc. And in Canada, the alternative is in which our Ukrainian culture, including our heritage and language, develops and cultures of Canada Hul fnr this to occur, spreads, along with all the other , we require apostles — with clear convictions and the simple realization that they are Ukrainian.

made. There is one major difference But this analogy cannot be really between Itussification in Ukraine and assimilation-in Canada. In the know Ukraine Itussification is enforced outright on the people - they Canada, what's happening to them and are willing to follow the apostles. In like a silent, slow serpen! engulfing all in assimilation is occurring covertly, in this free and democratic society are un- its path The Ukrainians suspecting and even oblivious to the fact that slowly but surely their culture disappear. Ukrainian community in will stagnate, disintegrate and The Canada also requires those apostles who realize what is occurring around them and are willing to strive to awaken that sleeping Ukrainian soul. We cannot just he anti-assimilation. We require an alternative. (No. IS, November 1971) Page 14; STUDENT, Anniversary Issue (No. 12, February 1971]

! COMMUNITY ACTION !

THE CONCEPT May-September 1969 - 2. A campaign in Thunder Ba> They also arranged an all- into unfamiliar communitfes Tor Ukramian deecent Odb fieldttotlt^r was Students of was undertaken to introduce Canada public concert tour by the summer. Universities today engaged and invohnd accredited Ukrainian language an Austrian QuarteL in Bass The date of the selection will double responsibility: in commonity {oojecte. and culture (nurses into Lake- have a he on April IS, two weeks after participating in the development - head University curriculum. September 1969 the deadline March 31, 1971. of the Canadian society; but, The X SUSK Congresb 3. In order to encourage finan- SELECTION OF PERSOHNfL equally important, developing and held at the U. of t- cial interaction among Ukrain- ORIENTATION COURSE eliriching the Ukrainian (iommun- ish Columbia accepted The selection of the field- ian businessmen and profes- ity in Canada. the report of the sum- workers will be on the basis of The people selected after this siooals, a commimity direc- These two major tasks have mer fieldworiier.__The the detailed application fcain and date will be required to attend tory was begun in Toronto. taken on new significance for Uk- constitation was alter- on the basis of two references an orientation course in Toronto The Ukrainian Professional sent rainian students as the-y have ob- ed to allow theNatioo- along with it. The National on May 4th. At this twelve day and Bueinessmens Club of eerved and participated in the aLExecutive to expand Executive will make the final course the emphasis will be cm hired two full tiiqe Tovonto decision in consultation with iCOntemporary university student this project in the smn- developing a critical analysis as duration fieldworkers tar the the community hiring movements. Ideas such par- mer of 190. the pro- well as an compreht:nsive body of the summer. spective fieldwork applicfuit. tlclpatwy democracy, icvslve- 1970 — Members «f the Na- of knowledge about the Ukrain- * 4. Community oewsletters and This is absolutely necessarv community and the neces- mt wiUi society, are concepts titmal Elxecutive chose ian newspapers were started in since a conscious effort will be sary tactics and resources re- which took on an expanded mean- 5 applicants. A ten day Thunder Bay and Montreal. made to rellocato fieldworkers quired for fieldworking. ing when our student membscs orientaticm course was reintereted and adapted - OTganized and attended to their Ukrainian commiinity. by 14 fieldworKers The existence of a mitority from various organiza- within a larger society is an ex- tions. bemely complex relationship. September 1970 - At the SUSK Young people who live ili 65iCh Congress the amsti- tl-u- a bicultural situation are tution was revised to chal- fronted with daily series el enable the Natiraial which arc loigee and probleins EzecutiTe to hire 2 st-jd- exclusively experienced by fall time fieldwoik mii.urtty ents participating in a staff, to work for the ques- culture. These range from year. tioos of voluntary bi-linguaiism personal rela- and dichotomous 1971 - The National - definitions of doub- taonehips, to ' ecutive has receiAly responsibilities. le social annomced that the There is a great need the fieldwork pro* development of resource people ject will be expanded. within our community who can TwHi^-five fieldwor- aid young (>1 towards resol- kexs will be chosen ving some of these difficulties and the possibility of which arise out of a bi-cuitural an increasejin the full life style. To deal with the spe- tune staff for 1971-2 cial problems of Ukrainian-Can- is being presently adian youth and to assist this considered. community to deal With their com- mon problems SUSK - The Can- adian Ukrainian Students. Union, WHAT IS A FIELDWORKERT has developed a programme of summer student fi«ld-worker in- Defining the role of such a - Siaaer 1911. volvement. resource 8< is extremely SUSK- FItitf werktrs complex. Often be/she nmst ^ct as a social worker, infornietitm DEVELOPMEBT Of THE Tte agrait, -social develtvment offic- FIELDHORK PROJECT» er, and social animator. Perhaps A HISTGflY the work drae by previous field- APPUCATION FORM 5. Participation in Ukrainian 1968 - At the fX SUSK Con- workers will help to illuminate May program in Montreal. radio • gress, held aU McGill these functions more conoetly. Name University, a motion 6. Information was collected and was accepted to the Address • • • a liason established with peop- effect that the nation- le involved in community cont- al executive should FIELDWORK PROJECTS rolled anl operated television. examine the possibil- UNDERTAKEN Thunder Bay. ily of hiring recent -SUMMER laii FacBlty Yeir to work as graduates The policy- estaUisbed by 7. A campaign to encourage with- PLEASE CHECK: social animators the student fieldwfvkers is that youth to go -to hi^ier educa Ukrainian com- vis project in the they must respond to the needs tim by: (I) high school I am interested in -r I — the summer fieldwork overall munity and the and wisbes of the local itation programs in E^dmontoo, - - - — ftill time fieldwwk project Canadian society. ities in which they are working. Thunder Bay, and Toronto. Some of the projecte imdertaken () etientatioa programs foi -Sept. 1971 -Sept. 1972. - Pleaidente' Con- Haich 9 A and students. woe as f<^ows: parents feioice, ^tended by to isolated Uk- for a detailed ai^dication f«m should be sent to: 1. A tii laoUi-etfaiiic coD- 8. Visitatioos Requests 14 anivenitieey held frtTfwwa to evaluate the leo- rainian communities by stud- at the University ctf SUSK NATIONAL iifimlnHnnn t£ the "Other ents from larger urban cen- Toraito, ratified e €/• Scarge Bufeyk Ooope", the fonth texB. that one stod- etfanic proposal Harbartf St., volnve of the Royal Connie- Pieldworfcers assisted in the t7 ent should be eagag- 9. B^iiign^Hw and Bi- the XI SUSK TsfMrta ITS, Oitarla. ed as a fieldwmber OB preppauoo of were oKnnixed the World Con- during the Bopmer oT ,;a)tinlis«. CongresB. and talapfeMa l-«lS-Wr«U ttrei U. 1111. TInwkr Etay. Ukrainian students 1969 as an erperieen- gress of , eumox>r. feid iniUontreal this tal pilot project. iuiitTonoto.

STUDENT, Anniversary Issue: Page 15 -

LETTERS TO 1% #/ STUDENT (No. 14, October 1971}

Offenbach (?), Our beloved mister Kosygm is us — curiously favorite composer Ukrainian life Trudeau accords in Canada and formal the mainstream of after being shown one of the visiting all of us here Unemcumbered by enough, dangerously close to Mr. and. ethmc thereby acquainting him with as posters announcing the especially to see how the balls, cruises, concerts, Canada, I wonder official banquets, life and Kosygin's visit to protective cover many aspects of Ukrainian which is scheduled for groups, that left the and a host of speakers claiming to Trudeau will take the KYK concert possible and enabling him if Mr. in- are doing this Interests and culture as evening, we were of the Iron Curtain, represent the genuine Executive out to lunch before this .Saturday identify with the aspirations of his lettering on the Capitalistic. War- the Ukrainian com- to console our formed that the Fascist, aspirations of generation Congress and try to country. the more conscious first posters displayed oulside the mongering, degenerated munity while spouting position in Canadian Society, an the brothers and sisters. Otherwise if Concert Hall is in blue doubt everyone is preparing traditional oratorical platitudes, we were always a Centennial No generation students lose reminding us that which is truly the Ukrainian the first Canadian and yellow! elaborate welcome Twelfth Congress of peaceful people on the of their leading position within SUSK correspondent s inquiry worthy of the position and stature Canadian University Student's (except for a couple Your as such will lose all poHtical scene the behind the wall Thunder Bay's Ihe movement Soviety whether the Members of our comrade. Here Union, held at of broken wondows al the of direction. possible split Rockies our comrade will visit University from Sep- sense threw the Presidium foresaw a of the Lakehead Embassy in fUtawa which area of definite the Ukrainian community the most degenerated tember 3rd lo 6th, was a O.M. Liberal Party into chaos) and that within invitation ex- Canada. This will most likely bring a reflection of thr newly kindled en- incident might be resulting from the art internalional he will Ukrainian Mr. Trudeau was met by a smile to our guest's lips, but thusiasm lo assert their frowned upon by the Liberal Party tended to asked whether the experience something very painful heritage and stand up for their in a hardy firm "No". When Machine and resulting guest will the IISSR and invite Mr, Trudeau had to him. If all goes well our oppressed brothers in slapping. My real fear is that decision to wTist was a suit cleaned by a "free world", which has feather been unanimous the reply be having his in the KYK - in an attempt to a segment of when asked Chinese Laundry, and perhaps captured a considerable beds - might promise Mr. firm "Yes". Indeed, How many times since Mr. personal had been Maoist as well. the Union's more conscious mem- peace and quiet and whether any protests Trudeau's acceptance of KYKs Trudeau this the known that Kosygin received from any of It is already bership. . best chances attend their Congress thus, remove one of the the new spirit mvitaTfon lo represented on the will be in our fair city of Vancouver Highly indiciilivc of expressing to Mr. organizations have we heard the Ukrainian Free we have of was by the Jews, which pervaded the 4 day true Presidium your correspondent Preparations laud the Ukrainian Trudeau and Kosygin our was the chairman's Press Media protests had been Ukrainians, and other ethnic groups deliberations par- Ihe discrimination told that no public in Canada tor its most feeling towards Omega is of the Ukrainian iwith the exception of are under way Alpha exclusive use the us by the Liberal PM's and received an ticipatory and active interest in reaped symposium for a week language - a step wh cti. created imprisoned SUSK's), thinking of a political sphere"" How also the uncertainty of The appropriate lo a Canadian Ihe glowingly op- before the demonstration. atmosphere slated Ukrainian Communist Intellectuals Disregarding manv times has Ihe media Committee is Congress of Ukrainian students view of Mr, Trudeau's forth- Ukrainian Canadian of his whose only crime il was lo bring to timistic the thai "Mr Trudeau. because about the genuinely dedicated to visit shared by the members very enthusiastic attend the light the unconstitutional and coming cultivation and acceptance to none of whom demonstration and are having an preservation, has finally lotalitarlan impetus of Russification of the Presidium, culture Congress in Winnipeg, will public discussion development of Ukrainian actually know what the P,M. open to the general realized the worth and value of the in the USSR subjects a multi-cultural is obliged to the planning and actual and language in ' Ivan Kanuchak speak about, one on llkrainian Community lo Canada?" demonstration. Canada suspect that this visit will not be of to bring up at the Lei's not fool ourselves. the next Conspicuously absent from the great advantage to the Ukrainian More to come after The Ukrainian Community under congress' proceedings were the community. meeting. has been an inactive, inert traditional gestures of obseqious KVK O.T.M. apathy to the Ukrainian gratitude displayed with religious mass of on a national level since its solemnity at all other Ukrainian- identity esteemed STRAIGHT AHEAD the emergence and Apparently the congresses; no toasts to inception. With Canadian formulated delegates of the Ukrainian and activity of a newly your the health of Her Royal Majesty which are represented western Canada arise, break t VCK nn a organizations no references lo political thought in over, SUSK com- the Royal family, I'resulium of the Ukrainian chains and take national level, activity Im^ been on Ihe the splendid gnod (orlunc • has Commillee ^ave as yet mittee! In Ukrainian sludent Canadian coinmunity unparalleled -1.1'. I)rfiillfn the Ukrainian extricate one of the and will remain thus only if been unable to Canada, nol even a single word hislorv m representative of the most unpropituous remnants of of the national about the glorious traditions - KYK — "mrdievalism" from Iheir in- free-speech and Ukrainian Community democracy. and terpretation of political realities. our responds with intelligence equality which attracted succession of knowledge of Canadian Foreign Subjugation by a long foret>ears to Canada. Instead the regimes, ab- on/ and Soviet totalitarianism oppressive foreign ^^IT£ delegates devoted themselves Affairs \apdog solulisl and totalitarian, has o( today and not exhibit the wholeheartedly to the issues at Ukrainian emigre allitudeof the past. KYK has always imprinted the stake: what stance should SUSK an ineradicable com- received secondary represpnlation mind with assiime With respecl to fhe struggle adulation Liberal Government, and bination of fear, respect, national independence in from the for no timidity before every form of held during many instances, and Quebec; who should be of all. Was it not governmental authority, each fiasco concerning representation at responsible for the as if stated in sympathy which is held to be inviolable Trudeau's anemic apology Trudeau who P.M. upon sanclified by a Divinity enjoying audience with with the Soviet Government during his question and the imprisonment of Ukrainian exclusive rights lo representatives of the U C O. ; is the Intellectuals that "his judge the motives and actions of campaign to con- Communist FREE-MOROZ for example, in the Soviet Union or government. Consider, tinue, how can the Ukrainian position anyone who breaks the ritual of inviting Prime community counteract the forces of Canada is that assert his nationalism Ministers to every congress of assimilation which threaten to the law to sympathy from Ukrainians in Canada practised with Very often the doesn't get too much extinguish its life; by the Was it not another prominent submissive regularity sessions lasted well past their him?" Liberal Party and foreign Presidium, but reciprocated as of scheduled conclusion — the Friday man In the Red Congress only once. SUSK affairs who also stated "better the last evening session with the 20 Prime it not also during This year as in the past. lasted until midnight, than dead" Was field-workers invited to rule of the Liberal Party in Minister Trudeau has been the Sunday session lasted from 1 :00 the that our people were attend the Xth UCC Congress I'M Sunday until 4:30 Monday Canada shuffled inio box cars and tran- scheduled for Winnipeg during the morning with only a 90 minute break sported out west to settle lands, and Thanksgiving weekend Ttie im- for supper suhsistance farming for minent presence nf Mr, Trudeau at The one major potential source of eke out a Congress gives it a their first tew years on land thai was this year s tension within I he proposed British and French spncial flavor and threatens to Ukrainian student movement which given up by repayment for their work (liviiie the Ukrainian community ilf did surface and which will have to be settlers, in on the railroad, because of its almost oniv on a generational basis) due to eradicated if SUSK is indeed to task in respect to Mr Trudeau's recent, well- t)ecome a student movement en- impossible suitability? publicized and thoroughly tactless compassing all students conscious of agricultural way attempting to statements concerning the struggle their Ukrainian heritage was the 1 am in no the Ukrainian intellectuals in the apparent divergence between the defame the Libera! Parly in of Community's eyes, as it USSR lo retain their national dignity conception of SUSK and its fun- Ukrainian find it constitutionally guaran- damental tasks held by students who is doing a good job itself but. and gain In a are first-generation Ukrainian- very strange that after promising on teed rights for their people. the the Canadians and students who are June 7th, 1971 to meet with letter presented' before third and fourth generation national body of CVCK, or one of its Presidium on September 21, SUSK Ukrainian-Canadians. The latter subcommittees to enlighten him on has protested against the invitation Ukrainian Trudeau. Since a whose Ukrainianism is strictly the persecution of extended to Mr. in the parochial and religious in nature Communist Intellectuals press conference with the Presidium Ihe and who for generations have USSR. Mr. Trudeau had was held immediately after this taught to disdain nearly everything rudeness to reply by letter, on June meeting it was possible to assess the Ukrainian, can hardly be expected 23rd 1971. Oiat he "regretfully esteemed Presidium's reaction to - meet in the to appreciate the aspirations of first- declines our request" to SUSK's rather revolutionary ex- , generation Ukrainian-Canadians near future as he had "become pression of a dissenting opinion. - who are attuned to problems of extremely committed for the next The Presidium, a rather taciturn in months." assemblage of elderly gentlemen . multi-culturalism Canada and the three - of Ukrainian patriots I have noticed that with his ac- and one lady, seemed unperturbed " struggle and to • and were . 25 — intellectuals in the Ukraine. fact ceptance of KYK's invitation by our dissenting view, ". ". . - that most fourth generation students attend the Congress our nationally quite content to sit back and listen to , from a rural Western representative body is again 'happy the Executive Director quote : come to ZORIANNA HRYCENKO, background while first generation as a pig in shit', omitting to statistics which were meant amount students are exclusively urttfin and rememt)er its most embarrassing impress the Press with the 799 Cambridge Street, since the last primarily from Eastern Canada policy towards Mr. Trudeau's of work carried out Winnipeg 9, Manitoba to the promises to complicate the problem. comments on the comparison of Congress. With respect Director " the major task confronting the Ukrainian Communist Intellectuals Congress the Executive one of the new executive and its secretariat to the FLQ. Again our community informed the press that Miss Myhal in- will be to bring the third or fourth has been appeased by this most featured soloists her generation Ulcrainian student into honourable gesture that Mr. sisted on singing one aria from

Issue Page 16: STUDENT, Anniversary festival festival smash (No. 14, October 1971) organizations instituted activities Project, who gave the festival UCFA, An and projects to enrich and preserve committee initial funds to work of our Inie Culture our cultural life The activity, except with. This money was used for - ChrystlB Chomiak - a few cases, was done on a part salaries of the organizers and ad- time voluntary basis, and was and is ministration. usually limited not only to a par- The organizers of the festival went The Ukrainian Canadian Festival ticular town or city, but also to the through a two week orientation course in the twginning of The of the Arts took place at Lakehead members of the organization. We May. University from August 30th to had reached a level of amateurism purpose of which was to form a that is working body, that could function September the 3rd. It was a free in promoting our culture and well together. For that, the orien- expression of culture for the artists where it has remained. only tation course was a valuable ex- of Ukrainian descent in Canada, and Also, the 'community has the perience. for those who are concerned with the stressed dad supported organizers to work. development of our culture in traditional forms of artistic and Then tlie went as Dividing into two sections, one group Canada. It was tr\ily an experience, cultural expression, such that tjeing responsible for general ad- a total involvement. But in order to Ukrainian folk dance. Not to say expression are not ministration, and the other group for tell you what happened one must these forms of to be the programme. understand why and how it hap- valuable, but for our culture pened. truly dynamic we must incorporate Darka Maletska, the co-ordinator The idea of community and support contemporary forms of of the visual arts program, travelled extensively through the west during development is a rather new idea to expression, and encourage ex- if we are to capture the of June. The rest of the some of us. What it means to the perimentation, month Toronto Ukrainian community in Canada, the essenee of our culture and ex- nrtistic panel worked out of that are part of our or Montreal contacting people in however, is an opportunity to sur- press it in terms acting on the in- vive as an integral part of the life style. We live in a modern those cities and In her general Canadian society. technological society, and our formation sent from Darka. When we look at our community in culture in Canada must speak to our travels she contacted three different of artists. Those that had left Canada, we see that it has been condition, not only reOect our folk- groups that still forced to rely heavily on preser- lore the community, those are and vation anf not on the development of The organization of the festival functioning in the community, that have become the symbols its Ukrati ian Canadian culture. In started in May of this year. Beforr those only within the order to promote our language and that time, a brief was submitted to of culture not Ukrainian Canadian community. traditions a numt>er of groups and the federal Opportunities for Ywith

Three of the Artists

1. Slawko Novilsk) 2. Mr. Hnizdowsky 3. Koman Ktoitcr

will be responsibile for con wanted ;ibuut what they were doing, but also nave reached recognition in new ideas, and ei and how they saw our culture in municating Ihc general Canadian society. changing informalion among all th out Canada The program also included The admini.stralors functioned in Canada, They ar culture dance groups responsible for lectures on the basis of our of Toronto, and were planning to organize provincis and co- and its hislory. colleclint: finances, conferences in all the provinces t ad- Tlie day.s were divided into three ordinalion One of the discuss ways and means c periods In the morning, workshops out of Thunder ministrators, worked Ji Professiiinal Dane were scheduled, while lectures and establishing Hay, and was responsible for demonstrations look place in the Companv publicity and getting the facilities section has establishe afternoon Film showing, general The drama Tbuiider Bay. c necessary in pub a bmiv of four people with plans worked on meetings, performances and the The following people eslabi'ishing a research center fo Irene look place every evening. At Ihe tlie festival: Darka Maletska, the Study of Ukrainian Theatre Ruslan festival, participating artists and Kunda. Vera Hamiwka, Canada, Ochrymovich. public became totally involved. One l.oKush. Ariadna The music section would like t Taras of Ihe arlisls decided to make a Molria Toroshenko, see permanent workshops in al ChrysUa video tape of the festival, the artists Junkiewicz. Val Cybenko. fields of music during the summe lielped in pulling up the display, they Tlicse people were joined Chomiak. the opportunity to freely months. of were given Zirka Rad for the month literature section wants ti by exchange ideas, and they took the The Waller Poprawa. for the publish an anthology of Ukrainiat August, and responsibility to make this exchange last two weeks of August. George Canadian Writers. as meaningful as possible. This was Nitefor was the designer for the Because Ihe artists saw the neet the first time that any community in designed the symbol and coordinating body and becausi festival, had organized a chance for for a the display. Canada stimulatinj was responsible for their they wished to see the artists to meet. This was The festival: How does one events, such as festivals planned foi Ihey made it happen. to festival and describe a feeling? I must try the future, they elected an executiv* As a result of the festival, a express the spirit that existed at the body that would form the Ukrainiar number of concrete resolutions were festival. The program that the Canadian Arts Council, This bodi passed, and a number of projects festival committee had prepared will be having its first executive gave started. was excellent, for it not only meeting on October 23rd in Torontt The visual arts people want to see the opportunity to the goes! artists Ukrainian art show at York University and then will that a travelling express themselves in any way have begin building on the foundation ol them The choreographers they wanted, bul it also gave Thunder Bay's festival. cstaUialtfd a national group that the freedom to say vvhalever they

STUDENT, Anniversat7 Issue: Page 17 w — — FORMULA: m m ,M„ ,<;_ THE MAGIC (No. 15, November 1971)1971 1

Assistant lo the Prime Minister) asking whether Trudeau would follow up his persona! appeal to SOLIDARITY WINS OUTI Kosyt^in. This is the reply we received on November 4, 171: liilurc rolalions. Anyways, we can 1 you for your note of Oc- '' him "to the burdens of "Thank tober 27lh I do assure you lhal the the tvliitic world on his shouldei's"! Minister will pursue this (|iiott4. After a 4S minute in- lYime Premier Knsyum as he liTview, finally uiireed thai issue with with n'six'ct to the we should draw up a slatcmont of has a^Teed to do which he raised exactly what \vc wished him lo other questions Ihc reunification of express to Kasyi^in, and assured us families and Ihc inunlMialion of lhal he would present this during .Jews will choose lo follow Kiisyutn's visit to Canada, The How he been statement was drawn up, and these (jucstions up has nol yel will be lYudeau did speak lo Kosygin about decidi4l but thv decision laken on the basis of whatever will Valenlyn /. Here is an excerpt received t)Olhe most effect ivi' means, l in not lit the telegram thai we therefore able to mrire specific, from the Prime Minister s office, on be l*rcmier did indicate that (H toher 2:!: a response would be fortheominji wish lo inform you that 1 inade from When this is received we such an a|)pc;d tn Premier Kosyjiin, him. n'|ilied that he not shall be in touch with you ." Mr K(j'-vi;in under As probably many of you are lirard i>r Mr )/ and Itiat aware, the lliuif^er Slrikc action was ilnisc eirc'umslaiiees he could not a very expensive one Although we ci.inmit himself lo any specific raised some money al the Tenth coui-se ol action- Mr. Kosyyiu did I Canadian however promise to acipiainl iinjircss of the llkrainian CoMimitttH.'. this did not even cover hmiself with llie rase of Mr Moroz one ihiidof the expenses. We appeal Ml lhal he would tie able to consider whether the apiK-al could ) jiran- to you to send ni dona lions, nii ." matter how small, lo Ihe StLSK llarlioni Si 4. , Toronto We answered this ^ele^^ram with a Office: t>7 Slil'POllT TIIK .\(TI()N! letter to Ivan Head (Special (tnlario. Ilalyna Kowalsky

PUKPOSK: Oti WiHlnrsday. October 6, 1971. The release of Valcntyn Moroz I'niversily, an older gentleman wbo oitiht students from Toronto started from a hard lalxiur camp in Mor- is a "dyvizijnyk", and who per- a lluni4er Slrikc on the campus of the dovia. sonally experiene<'d the hardships of I'niversilyof Manitoba in Winnipeg prisoners' camps. This greatly We held the hunjicr strike in support KKSULTS: boosted our morale, as did likewise of a fi- letter sent lo Prime Ihe .solidarity shown by seven other Therefore pressure has t be Minister Trudeau prior to the applied to Trudeau. in order that he sludi'iils from Winnipeg. 'I'he media in whicti outlined hiiniier strike, we ciinimued lo cover this e\ent (|uite make personal representation I (rrlain demands (listed in the lasi Kosygin on behalf of Moroz exlensivety, and a great deal of is.sueof "Sludcnl"), The formula for interest was aroused mi the side of action iLsed by the "Set Them Free" MK.T\Uin-. ihc Miuleni iHidy The most exciting Commutee was tVie titllnwmi;: Slarl Ihe Hunger Strike in Win- liappemng during our stay on nipe;,' four days prior lo TVudcau's camjiii.'. was a confronlalion with a (;iVKN: arrival in Winnipeg, in order to gel I ikrainian comnuinisi , who kept I, Prime Minister Trudeau lo press coverage Continue it until irj ing I" c on the Multicultural policy of hunger strike was covered on Ihe the I'kiainian Canadian Coiiiniittee, the Kederal (iovernnienl, radio and TV. which resulted (n our 1 was dislrc.s.sed to feel that the 2 Premier Kosygin's arrival in being jomed by a professor of i\\a\ general reaction of the delegates to for an 8-day Canada, October our strike was less positive, than visit. that of the students at Ihi' Univer- sity Only the people who knew us

personally dariHl to approach us - I imagine others had lo find out whether their organization sup-

ported u.s or not. Therefore 1 am happy lo add. that on Saturday the Congress voteil to support us. and in solidarity no one at lunch that day. On Saturday morning, Oct. '.ith, a m(44ing was arranged for that af-

ternoon, :t p,iii . between a

deltnaiion ol I tie strikers. Or Kalba. and ^b 'Itiompson, an assistant to Ihe Piime Minister Al 4:: p,m Ihc strikers were notified that I'rime Minister 'IVudeau would meet with us al p,m. ill his private suite, Kxactly al S p.m., afler all 5 hours fast, we entered Ihe suite of Mr 'lliompson. and then proceeded In the sum- of Trudeau. who was awaiting us with six of his advisors. His fii-sl ijuesiion was "Why did you ch(Mise Valentyn Moroz? Why nol Karavaiisky. or some of Ihe other political prisoners''" Trudeau seemed lo he very perturbed when we inlormed him lhal Mom/, has ) a synilml of intellectual 111 I Ik r. (lersecut ion I me, that a " protest nuneiiieiil has been built up « , " around hiin in Ukraine itsell lie 4- staled explicilly that lir ^\sl^l <'I'I)IS <'((1 llU lies STRIKEBRE

Page 18-. STUDENT, Anniversary Issue THE UKRAINIAN STUDENT AND NESTOR MAKHNO(No.{No. 16,16. DecemberDi 1971)

In the course of the Ukrainian most recently he figures in Hon- questions of the quality of social Political Theory Workshop, I have char's Sobor (Kiev, 1968). and political life. Like his mentors, become aware of some interesting For all the interest and passions Makhno was interested only in facts about Ukrainian history, the he arouses, there is remarkably social revolution, not in a search most interesting and disttu-bing of little factual material to be had and for national consciousness. To him which is, that I and many others, in the case ol Makhno, it is quite Ukrainian consciousness was only knew less about our country's past difficult lo separate fact from another txiurgeois ideology to be than we deemed possible. It did not legend. The few articles available combatled. The anarchists in take me long to discover that my reveal more about Iheir authors' Ukraine suffered from a total non- ten-years' experience of Ukrainian political and nationalistic biases perception of the problem of educational systems provided me than they do about Makhno and Ukrainian consciousness. It did not with only a superficial and rather Anarchism. Most studies of the fit into their theoretical categories distorted image of Ukrainian movement are openly polemical except under the headings of works history. 1 had a definite feeling of by Bolsheviks or anarchists "socialist chauvinists" and somehow having ten cheated and and Ukrainian material un Makhno "bourgeois reactionaries"- The manipulated, that the in- is at best, hate literature distinction between political ac- terpretation of Ukrainian history I Ukrainian studies of Makhno are tivity fur a Ukrainian state and the had received was far from ob- invariably evaluated strictly in mere assertion of one's hnguistic- was jective and encompassing in its terms of whether he supported or national identity as Ukrainian this period. This perspective. It seemed as if there opposed the creation of a very vague during true in was a lot that had been Ukrainian national state and the was especially importance Gubernia, where deliberately left out. The truth of of his role in regards to Katerynoslav the political and cultural the matter is that the Independence Struggle itself. Ukrainian "Ukrainoznavstvo" one receives Even from this limited per- life was particularly un- all To assert oneself as at any one of our overly-divided spective, not authors are in derdeveloped. agreement for "Ukrainian" at this time was a organizations is just as fac- example: political position in itself, which in tionalized, biased, tendentious and In the Ukrainian Liberation limited theoretical impoverished as we all recognize Makhno's Struggle, Makhno's role was so framework was viewed as a these organizations to be. It is negative and destructive that he political movement of fundamentally a matter of in- bourgeois deserves only to be ignored," the village intcllegentsia, tellectual honesty, integrity and F. Meleshko. Makhno's anarchism and truth in presenting ALL the facts of Ukrainian nationalism were our people's history without "Bat'ko N. Makhno was a simply diametrically opposed to subjecting them to semi-polemical, capable leader of the Zaporozhian each other Between Makhno who ultra-nationalistic misinterpret- faction of our National Liberation placed all stress on the needs of ations and distortions. Fur- Movement and led an unceasing social revolution and the Ukrainian thermore, there is the damnation struggle against the enemies of our forces who placed great emphasis of silence, the conscious neglect of people, without surrendering on Ukrainian cultural and national important people, movements and under any circumstances, without aspirations, there could be no ideas in our political social and betraying his people and without common ground. intellectual history. As students, sparing his own strength or life." ALL there is to An interestinK fact is the at- we Want to know V, Dubrovsky. to tempted Ukrainianization of the know about our history . We want for the need to be able to decide and evaluate for Makhnovschyna. However, if we are to come to a Ukrainian Unfortunately, what we communicate with the ourselves. political analysis of Ukrainian has already been peasant masses, which constituted should know revolutionary history, it would be a of Makhno's us. It is not so much a the majofity decided for mistake to evaluate it in terms of have been following, was an obvious question of what we the national independence not necessity. Ironically, the leader ol taught but of what we have movement alone, for this per- \.h\s allempWd V!V.iavn\an\-i.al\on been taught. This form of in- reiuses lo lake \nlo ac- speclivc was Makhno's wilt. Ualyiia doctrination and censorship is operfiting within counl those forces Kuz'menko Uiiforlunately. her aimed at depriving the Ukrainian the context of political and social efforts and those of other student of the right to think in- revolution. This nationalist form of Ukrainian anarchist intellectuals dependently, to weigh facts and historical interpretation operates would not overcome the powerful perspectives and to arrive at his solely within a middle class influence of the Bal'kos own conclusions about oiu- con- political and conceptual Dosloyevskian personality While have been taught measure of fused history. We framework. It is only a have given think Makhno appears to accept, but not to the paucity of political analysis of little thought to his own national analytically. It is not surprising Ukrainian history. U is absurd to identity or the Ukrainian re- many Ukrainian students Makhno. an ideologically that deal with awakening during the learn more about their own history committed anarchist in terms of Revolutionary Period, he did so studying that of Russia. A lo the creation of a by right. U it his relation Paris. He interpretations must be seen in the those of the nationalist while in emigration in student's Ukrainian consciousness Ukrainian sUte. His political and happened, we want to know about to see himself as an stimulated light or the darkness of their was anti- came must, unfortunately, be think for personal philosophy believed it. We must decide and Ukrainian anarchist and parochial educational particular political perspective. groups seeking to set outside our theoretical to necessary for any This must be constantly kept in ourselves. that it would be systems. a sUte of any type regardless of One of the best examples of this up future anarctiist movement in Ukrainian student mind when dealing with any aspect national self- Once the persecution in what his own culturally Ukrainian of Ukrainian history and especially is the inlellectual Ukraine to be becomes aware of the intellectual identification might be. case of Nestor Makhno and the in order to secure mass support. him, when attempting to come to grips the russified Imprisonment imposed upon the Makhno himself was a with ill-known facts of Anarchist movement durmg Clearly when dealing the freedom with the many background of he has given himself Revolution. In my at- peasant with a must be aware of his of National Revolution Ukrainian Makhno one to free his mmd the years and spontaneous and responsibility learn more about his primitive pohUcal philosophy, his cultural 1917-1920, A full and proper un- tempts to trom the narrow perspecUves of anarchistic revolutionary activity un- complex relation to this period in Ukrainian background and the educators. derstanding of this highly 1905. His im- many of our so-called most often met with a dating from derdeveloped state of political and time cannot be explained simply in history, I Butyrka This can only be done by exposmg attitudes prisonment in Moscow's of tliose the wide variety of negative national consciousness ex- terms of Petliura, the Rada ^nd to Russian oneself to new ideas and new people I prison exposed him Makhnovschyna was in the books and the times. The the Proclamations of January 2^id, effectively en- periences, by confronting usual comment was anarchists who the tradition of spon- the Ukraine was involved consulted. The more in realities of one's com- 1918, for trenched his cultural rebellions of political sneering. "Why do you want to taneous, peasant it in both a national liberation spontaneous munity and history, by putting about that bandit? Russification. His Razin and Pugachov. for a social and know anything Stenka of a conscious movement and peasant rebelliousness was given the into some form fact that I just wanted political awareness of Is a The simple the awareness is political revolution. There primitive understanding perspective. This seemed insufficient. The form in a peasant following was non-existent profound lack of attention devoted to know philosophy both personal and political, for it emotional at- of an anarchist poUlical himself was no more political very hostile and and Makhno necessitates both the to the social and was culturally Russian, It is with an Implies and elicited just by the very that than a primitive rebel characteristics of the Ukrainian titudes Makhno as freedom and responsibility of "black spirit" were ridiculous lo think of anarchist education, Struggle and the history name of the elementary and decision. Liberation personally. culturally Ukrainian and it is thus the diverse thought often directed at me When trying to analyze awareness demands of the nationalist movement is not him any This to know threw me out of impossible to ascribe to and social realities of the period. The One old man even pohtical the facts about our history the sole history of kind of a role in the Ukrainian Ukraine, we ALL lor invoking the memory naUonal revolution in forces operating in his store of it is to the student to obtain various a Liberation Struggle. His center the facile and up black bandil Yet once in must avoid making but also Ukraine during these years of the Huliai-Pole, over- them. Read Hrushevsky, some people who operation was judgements that abound in most of of the political while I met in E H. Carr and represent all shades whelmingly Ukrainian is much read Vernadsky, remembered Makhno as a sort of our historical material. It find it hard to spectrum, ranging from the ex- population, but close to the to Trotsky. One would Hood and tney to bend the truth than feudal monar- Ukrainian Robin easier are talking about treme right with Russified centers of Katerynoslav is only an believe that they as the only man straighten it, Makhno to centrist talked about him It is a simple chists and hetmanites and Oleksandrovsk, which were super- the same thing. revolutionary times who extreme example of such liberal republicans and democrats, in those culturally matter of poUtical perspective, but common the backbone of the inadequate analysis, at all about the ficial and to all parlies of the left, such as cared predominantly urban awareness necessarily forces different Russian and all loo frequently in this people. Clearly there are which appears recon- bolsheviks, mensheviks, social intellectual anarchism in the Ukrainian student to assessing the role form of span of a student's formal revolutionaries anarchists. criterions for a the strictly narrative and anar- the Ukraine. Makhno was case in sider his played by Makhno and the Ukrainian education. As a history Unfortunately, the Ukrainian brilliant guerrilla tactician but an quesUon ol knowledge of Ukrainian controversy point, it is not simply a about the chists! The limited more analytic with student knows very little been ideologist he was not. His Bat'ko or the Bandit, and to be much surrounding the ouman has Makhno the interpretations of political breakdown of this period conception of anarchist theory was the tendenUous the lack of reliable the fact. In Ukrainian history and there is intensified by his association but of Makhno facts of our history and mis shaped through our history. Hie and concrete information in- much work to be done to fill this with the Nabat group of anarchists, cannot be changed iHit the increase the mter^t sorry vacuum in our has served to were from Moscow. terpretations can and must be Bat ko most of whom Roman Semenowycz, in the already legendary fact historiography and our knowledge. These Russian anarchists 4th Year Student reassessed. Appreciating the Not surprisingly he is ine What is worse is that he is actively Makhno. the question of Political Science, that there is a profound lack of ol literary dismissed even attempting subject of a number in the Ukrainian discouraged from naUonalism as irrelevant University o( Toronto. understanding about such as A Nikolaev's Neetwr to learn more about the political works of the more important social, political, economic and Bai ko Makhno and face of this period other than and intellectual history, the various forces »

STUDENT, Anniversary Issue: Page 19 .

MULTICULTURALISM & UKRAINIANISM:

(No. 15, November 1971} wilt be a truly humaniiing ex- Nate to the Kililnr: perience, that participation in ethno- I want your readers I» understand MIDDLE CLASS SELLOUT cuUural affairs will somehow give that this was wrltlfn in haste. anK^r com- us a sense ot Individuality and with bilti-rnpss. Such a to ad- wallowing in the sublimated French-Canadian sistent, but not the humility technological world has led to somff the parochial fulfillment in a bination of ractors has said, that he hoslility and self-pity of thai bitter middle class. The former was mit, as one sage "technique" and to rambling and gross Krammatical wrong. experience. Yet how paradoxical dedicated to insulted lliat we "ethnics" could t)c consistently Let us I beg the greatly fabricating hollow men. injustices and for this fact remains that lliry remained unwilling to take lo dance and sing at Nevertheless, the spouting reader's pardon. Nevertheless. Iho were refusing the awaken to the fact that by unlike the Federal tiovern- the ncumpnts are directed not at relHinmg conclusion And even from per- have problem not so much by accepting, Ihe analysis ends with the another pel sonally hut rather to their lack nf the same time however, Ihey — dog-s - the bone that we have been too selfish, loo spective il has become painfully their exploit Ihe Quebec uncritically like . precisely, continued lo analysis or more a within our partisan obvious that despite the touted So. that has been tossed lo us by narrow-minded, glib acceptance of a coniforlable workers, bul this time in French. hypocritical master, but rather by attachments, to consider the by former SUSK presidents, par- them l)oth groups considered our demands analysis, which has prompted a ticipation the shortcomings within Ihe broader perspective so crucial to in Ukrainian community act they have without fully as threats, endangering the status to as With life is not enriching trying Ukrainian community, more true "national" consciousness. an experience. reali7.ing the consequences. Because (|Uo Ihey were so (k'spenttcly that of its leadership. It this in mind and with the evidence of Vou can be assured that you will — if wanted a piece specifically short-coming I feel that they to protect as we ot this profit this woeful unprepa redness to a the mosi recent past I would like to more by joining fraternities, us down a rosy path lo of their rotten pie: is lo are leading again T-groups and finding sides to dangerous challenge — Ihe add lhat these leaders are by a guru. For extinction while offei ing us nothing Being pres.surcil from all of our continuing survival doing the same thing leading us like Machiavelli's exhortation to the return but hypocrisy- finally acknowledge the real challenge unnecessary "innoceni and pure", politics, and Minister. Pierre lo which I would like lo address all down Ihe path lo Allhrmgh it hardly necessitates Canada, our Prime following paragraphs. "obscurantism". In this lo announced before myself in the division and therefore an active desire to change repeating. I think it obligatory Klliot Trudeau, to deal be "bought I see it. we are not ready instance we don't have to the direction of the Ukrainian also point out that the opinions ex- the House of Commons that the As external financial assistance promised funds from in Canada, pressed below should not be taken to Federal Government would im- with out" by communily takes simple reason lhat we do not, we will serve Trudeau's and sclllessness, represent either the position of plement "a policy of for the tmawa; tremendous effort have a collective Ukrainian best by just continuing to the detriment of "Student" or that of the Ukrainian multiculluralism within a bilingual as yel, imrposes sometimes to what is consciousness. 1 realize lhat this ourselves! called "self Canadian University Students' framework" and that it would destroy is euphemistically ways. a hackneycTti observation but I want development". For involvement Union. I take full responsibility for provide support in three •shortcoming what appears below and welcome f "First, resources perniiltlng. lo argue that this HKI'KESSIVE FORCES necessitates making a decision as to springs largely from a lack of whether or not you are satisfied with ^the opportunity lo defend it on alt the government will seek lo assist all To fight this pettiness and to part the inability on the . grounds. Let us once and for all get Canadian cultural groups thai have analysis i.e develop a collective consciousness is the present condition of society and leadership and of our in- down lo the real issues! demonstrated a desire and effort to of our not an easy thing. Haviiig grown up by L'xlension of the Ukrainian tellectuals lo integrate the forces •continue to develop, a capacity to in a society, which from the very community in Canada. Unless you issues in the life of every TIIK BAUKt.ltOUNI) grow and contribute to Canada, and ami beginning tries to emasculate us by are si:riously conscious of your Ukrainian Canadian and to con- It is about time to finally expose a clear need for assistance for the tearing out our cultural roots, it comniilinent. then for God's sake, these processes into a mulliculturalisin and Ukrainianism small and weak groups no less than ceptualize -comes very clear that this type of don't l>ecume president ur what-nul humanistic idea of lo the test of reality. In this article I for the strong and highly organized. total and repression has serious consequences in any organization, not to speak ol In short, we have hope lo explore some of the + "Second, (he government will Ukrainianism. for individuals. Many times torn by the Ukrainian community. This lack failed to channel these forces into a problems that we have not as yet assist members of all cultural doubt as to our identity, we con- ol critical self-awareness plays into consciousness, an begun to examine in detail. It will be groups to overcome cultural dynamic tinually ask: "Are we Canadians or the hands of the ruling class, who if you will, which would the argument here, that because of barriers to full participation in awareness are we Ukrainians?" Most of us you can be assured, have a definite transcend the intuitive sense of the sulistancc of the Federal Canadian society. have answered this. The two are not purpose in life. reaction to the Fourth will community that we all share. In liovernmenfs -t "Third, the government mutually exclusive but rather Buber's language, an Volume, the Ukrainian community promote creative encounters and Martin concommitant to one another. For TIIKALTKKNATIVE its "Essential We": is now lorced to re-examine interchange among all Canadian those who are not satisfied with this, The alternative to this stale of possibilities of survival either within in interest of "By WK I mean a community of cultural groups the 1 challenge them lo begin to reflect affairs, is not only obvious but ab- several imlependent persons, who or without the present economic, national unity. on just who is a Canadian? solutely necessary. We must begin have reached a self and self: soci.n) and political system. Thus 1 Yet despite the tone of palemal Bul this aside for now. The point is lo see lhal f>ollution. abortion ex- responsibility, the community will personally explore thi' nature of condescension so evident in his that when we meet, either as ploitation of Ihe working eiass response, resting on the basis of this self and the Federal (Jovernment's speech the question still remains; representatives or friends there' 1 Ukrainians too, dear reader) the self-responsibility, and being made and secondly, analyze the operative Multieulturalisni for how long and remains Ihis same conditioned Vielnains, the growing alienation, them. The special alternatives open to us within that for whom? possible by feeling of uncertainty, of inferiority arc a part-and-pai eel the products of framework. character of the WK is shown in the and doubt. Is it asking too much values of the ruling class which will two years now. essential relations existing ... bet- For more than MULTICUbTUUAIJSM then, that we begin to realize that never, never allow the creative various members of this Union, its members." Ftmiiowi.(»N(;? ween many of the barriers lo solidarity devclupinent of human potential including myself, have worked hard feel they will Ukrainians, itseems, are artificial, forced down our And ihcrc IS no question in my mind to bring (his issue lo the forefront of benefit enormously from such a we. as Ukrainians and 1 do not believe that the lack of throats at an early age by those that human Canadian concern. Based on a is policy, but the truth of the matter even an attempt lo conceptualize our condescending public school beings, must tackle these injustices humanitarian conception of that Trudeau's programme denies experiences is a result of intellectual teachers who tried to make us in order to better understand the ethnicity many of us felt that our the fundamental tenet of poverty, but rather of an un- "Canadians"? Damn them all! human condition. Then, and only dehumanizing technological society multiculturalism. For the fact is willingness to be seU4:ritical. In this The sterilizing process doesn't then, will we think and act in a would have to provide reference that multiculturalism will remain spirit, in order to open the stop there. In a society which thinks totality and not within an artificial groups for individuals already (ho official identity of Canada for as discussion, I attempt the following nothing of perpetuating fear among "cultural" ghetto. In other words, alienated both them.selves from and long as the ethno-cuUural groups critique. our Ukrainianism must be total. For the working , class by waving the from their society. Needless lo say involved can "exhibit a desire for threat of unemployment under their what good is il lo me if my children we ihoughl that mulliculturalism, survival and development". Thus, ATvricAL example; noses, and tolerates the steady will be able to speak Ukrainian in 1 tlie strengthening of ethno- we as Ukrainians, as a viable entity, the schools if the same injustices "The Government of Canada will alienation of man from man, it cullural tics would best serve Ihi.s have been relegated to the status of support all of Canada's culture* becomes this and the same exploiters continue to purpose. Ciovernmcnt and painfully obvious that support was a voluntary organization. Having will repress the full seek to astlst, resourcte per- kind of system has no conscience. development of ihese sought so that this proces.s would be made no definite commitment to ." mitting. . This alienation and opportunism, children and of all mankind? guaranteed by continued financial guaranteeing the existence of ethno- Firstly, it's a worn but which results from the often Ultimately, the whole question of aid fiom the many Federal cullural groups in Canada, Trudeau frighteningly valid cliche that meaningless tasks which we per- our development in Canada and (Jovernmcnl iigencies dealing with has decided to wait patiently until "money kills". The examples form in economic indeed the Ukraine must ' put in cultural affairs Our reasiining are the and we die out. the light of whether or iml chodse numerous but the most vivid one is educational system becomes wu being, that ethnicity iin in- and But really ! Should we be surprised live from the recent past: the petty in- to standing up or ci.iwting on dividual's participation and transplanted into the within his by this man's position: a man. who our knees. Ihe paranoic "RUMK" squabbles terrelationships us all. And Like Republicans in elhno-cullural group were not over among has prided him.self on his "politique which ihe Spanish Civil War, growing youth organization should get how evident it becomes when we sit a subji'fl to thr same voluntary functionclle" - functional politics? iiumbci- ijf more money — insane and selfish down together to talk about our my contemporaries arc exigencies such as free choice To illustrate by an example, Dr. divisions al a lime when creative mutual problems and their possible choosing to rebel rather than accept coiniiion to alt voluntary I.upul from the University of activity and feelings of solidarity solutions! comfortable ideologies and the false associalions. Even more important Altiorla, in the summer of :!. at a should have been promises lhat go along with ihem. wr fell thai at their height. with such guarantees a conference in Charlotletown, I'.F I , Instead, money provided Let us restore uur hunian dignity more realistic identity would by the HUMANISM AND UKRAINIANISM asked Trudeau. then an unassuming Federal and end this Government served only to Please do not misunderstand me; shameful humiliation of emerge lor Canada taking iiiti> academic, what he though! aboiH divide us and perpetuate bitterness. my argument does not in any way mankind! account Ihc (.ontinually increasing Ukrainians ami their demands for And even a short while numlRTN ot the so ago. at the condone a total separation from called "Third linguistic and cultural equality. Ukrainian — — h;iument Canadian Committee these dehumanizing forces. That To be continued who are neither of Anglo- I'lerre. in his usual manner Congress in October Saxon nor of French-(_anadian of this year, would be pure escapism. Rather, I responded by asking Or. l.upui: various herilagu. members of youth am trying to point out that we are Part II wilt deal with our Analytical "Itow many of are Ihere Ihcm and organizations, Poverty: of All along there which, openly well on our way to escaping if we The legitimizations our were protests from how Icmg will they last?" Al least the showing some stress niiddle4:lass. the Anglo-Saxons concern for our future continue to that and I man has ho virtue of being con- in ' atiad.i. were nevertheless, multiculturalism and Ukrainianism Yuri Boshyk

(No. 16. December Ihey, in lurn. may be- subjected lo 1971} Trolsky killed Ukrainians," ihcmes ..f INTKH\ATIO\.\I.ISM without Ihe backing of solid con- similar scrutiny. "Trotsky's works are of no value to im Itl'SSIFICATION? Will you temporary analysis. They also We do not mean lo imply lhal us" should reflect upon a few of Ihe instead argue Ihe point lhal Dziuba expect readers to be critical and everyihing lhat was said was either following questions: What are the is perpeiu;)iing the original and only informed, not just Ukrainian and illogical or of a biased nature. For sources of your knowledge? Do Ihe revolutionary tradition of the emolional. example, we agree wilh others lhal lives «if (crlam philosophers lotally VVZVOLNl ZMAHANYA. and As it is wilh the Multicultural the by Leon Trotsky THE ncgale Iho value of Iheir work? lOf cloaks his terms in socialist ter- concept, our generation will take the t Kll.AlMAN qCKSTMtN should Course, one's life has some bearing minology in order lo remain best of Ihe traditions of our fathers have been inlroduced with an ex- on one's professed Will legilimale in the U.S. criticism levelled philosophy). S R. and incorporate them into our life. Much was planalion regarding its value and you condemn all political per- This newspaper is pui issue out by Bul the philosophies wilh which our against Ihe last of STUDENT. ihe reason for iis inclusion. Such speeiives olher than those "ap- young, conscientious and critical generation will live shall be of As you read through this issue, you praciice will be our observed in future. pryvetl " students. by predominant emigre They are prepared to learn own choice and of our own making. may n»i ice lha I the people who Bul ihnse who embarked upon an political organizations? Or perhaps from all sources of Ihe courage lo knowledge and "Lei a hundred flowers bloom, let 7. seldom have emolional oration to the effect ihal you will dcmonslrale for Dziuba in refuse to be streamlined into narrow a thousand voices speak." put Iheir thoughts on paper, so tfiat "Trolsky was not Ukrainian," Uilawa bul refuse to discuss Ihc political observalions that are Page 20: STUDENT, Anniversary Issue OSELEDYC MULTICULTURALISM

& UKRAINIANISM: middle cuss sellout PART II

the full development to this idea but to make a definite they did commitment to this in a sloppy and half- the preservation and development of hearted way, ghbly passing to what ethno-cultural groups. Only then will they thougiii was the more im- these minority ethnic groups be portant factor — ethno-cultural protected against the fluctuations of survival. 1 give these men their due public opinion and social prejudice but their naivete about the dynamics on the lower levels of governmental of a society overwhelms me administration. Presumably then, this idea can also Furthermore, this idea of com- lead us to a tolerant attitude towards munilv control, as the ultimate the plight of the poor, which in conclusion of multiculturalism can Toronto alone, numtier 10 pcrteni of be pcnultimatety the biggest the population. loophole' for the established groups To illuminate why we feel that to in our society, for the simple reason bank on the idea of tolerance is that community control does not purely Utopian, at this stage, allow address itself to the upwardly me to uuotc a section from Herbert mobile professionals and in- Marcuse"s Repressive Tolerance tellectuals of the particular ethno- who to my mind has presented one of cultural community , Quebecois the most devastating criliques of intellectuals for example, found that this concept; . tolerance is an end the parochial education they were in itself only when il is truly receiving did not equip them either universal, practised by rulers as conceptually or realistically to deal well Ihe as by ruled, , .As long as with the larger society outside of these conditions do not prevail, the Quebec. Theganger then of com- condiliiins III lolerance arc "loaded': munity control of schools, is that they arc determined and defined by because of its provincial emphasis, tJie mstiiulionalized inequality ,. i.e, there could arise the very same by the class structure of society. In dilemma. such a society tolerance is de facio When considering community limited on the dual ground of control by itself, without the federal- legalized violence nr suppression provincial agreement, Ihese ob- (police, armed forces, guards of all servalions become only signposts to sorts.) and of the privileged posilion polenlial crises. This neverlhelcss. held by the predominanl interests should force us lo reconsider the and their connections," No is .one consequences of some ol our suggesting (as does Kabbi Kahane political activity. Taking the case of of the JDLi, that the polci.lial frying lo get Ukrainian inio the revolutionary force in North schools of Ontario, it becomes ob- America will be the Third Element vious lhat many of us ireat Ihis as and that the rulers will have to Ihe sole purpose of Ihe activity. In all resort to armed suppression. What is honesly. however, can we expect suggested, rather, is that to appeals someone who is interested in a tolerance fall on deaf ears on one career lo seriously consider who is victim a and on receptive studying Ukrainian'' Parents of such souls when it is expedient, children would be operating in ihe Myslicul illopias child's self mlcresf lo queslion such In the last issue of STtUENT we thesis, for inevitably the logic of Just the as appeal to lolerance is an allernalive. So we are left to tried to summarize the concept of Porter's argument remains correct ethnics try to "make it" they realize Utopian, so the idea of ethno-cultural ensuring lhal Ukrainians (and all multiculturalism. The argument (if not static) and poses lor us two that il isl all a delicate subterfuge, groups son\chow humanizing a post- elhno-cu\tura\ mmoriliest wrtV be was basically that Ukrainians, fundamental questions: does for one is treated as neither industrial society becomes protected by law. against Poles, Italians and other minority multiculturalism preserve one's Ukrainian nor AngJo-Saxan. but as a comically utopiun and [>scudo- discrimination and minority group should not ethno-cultural background to the sell-out. So let's kid ethno-cuUural groups ml ourselves Mai'xisl. One is reminded of the East inleresis treat of their survival detriment of upward mobility or is about the Federal the question government's Furopean Marxist economists who In conclusion Ihe most imporianl the concept of multiculturalism position; it is ultimately and development as being designed to patiently await tins post-industrial argumeni presented has been lhal dynamic and far reaching enough to maintain llic status quo by neither paramount, to the exclusion of the society, in order that the "new man" ihe iwu taelors uf upward mobility seriously bring into eliminating the ethno-cultural more fundamental questions of question social, bias can al last fulfill himself. Such an and nmujniy eihno-cullural group nor opening the social changejetonomif equality and political and economic inequalities gates to careerists appeal to the future totally neglects allegiance, must be considered when and thereby present model of who have reneged their political democracy The article a a on [he present condition of man hy referring lo the ullimale objectives more just and egalitarian Canadian background. We are arguing went a bit further, and tentatively, distorting even Ihe present For o[ mulliculluralism The ( musl society? therefore that Trudeau could have infact even timidly, proposed the example, can anyone seriously be made lhal il we accept the done both hy guaranteeing idea that multiculturalibm ac- Let us first consider the Federal the believe, that "Man today has been present stale of Canadian society, by gavernment's reaction to this survival of minority elhiiiL' groups cording to its genuine consequential freed from Ihe struggle of sur- noi challenging it, then our stress on legitimizing meaning could not be fully realized potential problem. After and thereby diversity viving?" We may indeed someday, active participation in one's elhnic and careerist aspirations. within a society which espouses deciphering what Northrop FYye has solve this problem but to argue that group can be lo the detriment of our crass individualism and judges called "federal prose" one is ini- The other area to t>e yet examined mulliculluralism should be en- long interests We therefore have lo mediaiely strucli the in detail is culture by the standards of the by Trudcau how Ukrainian- couraged and accepted nn this level, ally ourselves, on the local level ^il market-place. We further argued government's "double-talk" and lack Canadians see the resolution of this smacks of a mystical retreat from ieg^l, lo Ihe more progressive and that the leadership in the Ukrainian of commitment to the policy of dilemma. We think it obvious that reality. critical social movements of our community (or the most successful genuine multiculturalism. On the most people see that The most serious argument is time. In addition, we must seek upwardly mobile Individuals) were one hand, Trudeau, when an- multiculturalism in both its aims really the equation made between federal and provincial guarantees channeling the community's human, nouncing the policy said that Canada and methods will have some multiculturalism and decen- on the continued survival uf our political and financial resources in a is a "classless society" adding that political and social implications for tralization of political power. culture and language. In this way we very limited direction. Their only the government must do everything Canadian societv. Examples abound will not only challenge Porter's Coftn-ol vision of Canadian society was one possible to root out present abound on how we have mobilized Is Community sialic concept of Canadian socicly thF (Vns»ver? in which every Ukrainian would be inequalities. Taking his analysis, we our resources to disseminate the liui also fulfill Ihe humaniUirian maintain such a given the opportunity to "make it" are led to presume that these idea and put the theory into action. The people who ebjectives we have set for ourselves conclude that "laking in all fields of endeavour without inequalities do not stem from what is Yet, when one looks at the thesis Y Bo&hyk to its logical dragging the chains of social usually referred to as a Marxian arguments presented one cannot multiculturalism IV Political Science concept advocates prejudice and minority group economic analysis of socidty. help but feel that no one really conclusion this University of Toronto control over its sligmalization. In itself, this ob- Therefore there must be other knows where it's all leading to. It community ensure the freedoms of I. considered noble and factors at stake. It seems that comes to mind that three ideas have resources to jective can be one of " lifestyle of the group Looking Sec John Porter. The Vertical positive, but when linked to the more these determinants to upward been put forth on the ultimate ob- the carefully, we come to realize iMubaic (Toronto: University of it > at this essential problems in our society, mobility is ethno-cultural jective of a multicultural Canada, 1 this conclusion, on the contrary, Toronto Press), A more recent study begins to sound ethnocentric and association, as proven by Porter et the establishment of inter-group that in (he Cmiadian Journal of nimi Canada Hresideiit.s' opt for the fm- onomic, social and politii.il quality ^oMTiimeiils til work out an ('ki;nniari in- shown us thai most >?, l)\<.lmllL-tlls iiml tlieiiiselves. iience on Decpiiilx-r 11171. yet wIil-ii these as lx;ing necessary coiiliiigencies to brella" clause helwi4;n tellectuals have responded to this mcr alternative; STUDENT, Anniversary Issue: Page 21 (No. 16. December 1971)

This summer, as in previous point important — one proceeded to activate The laller is and sensitize summer, we were all more aware once again, in the light of new and years, the Ukrainian-Canadian learns aboul others, one the community to not onl> multicultural- of the situation at hand. We knew recent developments. As a result, University Students' Union will be ;ibout oneself, one's ism. learns Field-workers were sent into what it was like to be Ukrainian in the method and format requires continuing the field-work project. strengths abililics, creativeness. urban and rural areas. Our a predominantly Anglo-Saxon appropriate modification To To those of you to whom the con- a fanlcistic imd wciikiicsses. It is numbers were small, but we were society, realizing our en- ensure maximum effectiveness cept of field-work is new or un- learning experience. determined to fight and win. Each tanglement in a vicious circle that and a high percentage of com- familiar, perhaps I can clarify any Tilt- iR-ldwork project, sponsored one of us had a personal and was never-ending. We experienced munity involvement, the focus will misunderstanding by presenting the Ukrainian-Canadian emotional by slake in the con- and fell discriminations trying to be on specific projects and issues. you with a brief outline of what a bniversily Students' Union, has sequences. fight intolerance and narrow- These projects are aimed at im- field-worker is, his function and completed its third summer of Projects were undertaken on all mindedness. plementing Canada's multicullural aims, background and past community work. It began levels the Governmen'.al. community In our own Ukrainian com- policy into a working and practical history, future plans, and my own of 1969 and summer when Bohdan individual. Some of these munity, there were also problems. reality. subjective opinions of field-work as Krawchenko travelled across projects were Lobbying of M P 's The Ukrainian language and The next issue of STUDENT will I see it. Canada, animating students in governnieni. and political forums, culture was slowly dying out, be partially devoted to "Summer The field-worker in the role of analysing problems within sJudt-nl radio the program rung, particularly in the rural areas. Field-work '72", where the specific social animator and community Ukrainian community. The student recrealional uork with ;-- Assimilation was taking its toll. plans of the project will be for organizer, acts as a catalyst movement had begun. I. .krainian youth imoslly in the There was general apathy and disclosed. However, this much can community action and in- The following summer, seven rural passivity areas), Ukrainian language among the Ukrainian be said: There will be three volvemenl. A field-worker does not more field-workers went out into course lobbying, information people and most noticeably — spheres of field-working — work on projects, but organizes communities, armed with specific bureaus. marked Multicultural Con- resignation to the fact, political, cultural and that dealing others to work on them and thus projects and issues- The program ferences. The projects that if one was an 'ethnic " were MS one was with research ~ all crucial and through community involvement centered around the promotion of many and as varied as there were a seconds-lass citizen. We met concomitant. mstills a sense of community in multiculturalism 11 was realized individual field-workers. '?.ell4)uts". Ukrainians who had The value and potential of field- these people Hopefully, this sense that striving for a multicultural with made ii to As any action program, our the top of the .social and work should never be un- would extend to a of community society was not an individual fight field-work project had its L'conomic ladder and had left the share of derestimated. II is one of the most, feeling of responsibility and for the Ukrainian community but problems: Lack of Ukrainian com- community. We saw the if not the most important means we concern for all Ukrainians. required a combined effort on the munication, personality conflicts, narrow-mindedness of our "in- have by which to work with the The process of field-work |is all pari of ethno-cultural com- apathy, misinterpreted ideologies, tellectual" elite and we felt the Ukrainian people in Canada. I twofold: First, it serves to munities. A realization came with lack of commitment, lack of lack of highly-qualified persons in would strongl\ suggest thar fach stimulate the development of the this new awareness — Canada was honesty between the field-worker certain areas such as education and every student in Canada Ukramian community within the multicultural in all but name. and himself, others and and the co- media. All of these in- cun.-^ider field-work The time In contexl of the Canadian society This past summer, through an ordinating committee. Even sufficiencies hurt aind with the hurt act is now, and secondly, provides the in- Opportunities for Youth grant, 20 though there were difficulties, the came the desire to act. Halya Kuchinij. dividual with an opportunity for field-workers set out into their field-work experience was very This summer, the fieid-work meaningful social involvement. respective communities and worthwhile. By the end of the program will be continued, but

Therhe Ukrainian Canadian W University Students' Union (SUSKi groups of students in order to sen has launched a three-monlh project sitize them lo the needs and issue.' in the Prairie Provinces It is en- within the '72" Ukrainian Canadiar titled "Summer Fieldwork and community will entail community organizing The SUSK newspaper around important issues in STUDENT, which is serving as Ukrainian settlements in Western a com- munication medium to Canada, as well as the production of -Ukrainian students across audio-visual tapes of Ukrainian- Canada, will con- centrate Canadian content. The Ukrainian on reporting activities of Canadian University Students" Summer Fieldwork 12 for the duration of Vnxon is a national organization of the summer. young Ukramians and is located on Ukrainian-Canadian students have a vital role 28 ca mpuses from Monlrea I I to play in the Vancouver, development of their community, particularly This summer's project is the in times such as these, fourth carried out by the Union. when the forces of assimilation following similar efforts in 1969. threaten the disappearance of our 1970. 1971, It is by far the most language and culture. Serious ambitious of Ihem all, organizational work in the Ukrainian Summer Fieldwork '72 is a community is a high community development project priority, particularly in light of the fact, aimed at raising pertinent issues in that our struggle for survival the Ukrainian Community and and growth in Canada must now be organizing young people around fought within government struc- tures, specific activities. Presently the educational system, the press operating in Winnipeg, Brandon. and mass media, and within a host of Manitoba; Saskatoon and j;d- other institutions. It is within monlon. this project differs from the these centres that the Ukrainian traditional approach to community language and our Ukrainian work in that student organizers will Canadian culture are being denied be utilizing video-tape equipment as development. a catalyst to their work with small Youth organizations, SUSK and groups others have of students played a leading role in the SUSK submitted a brief to Op- areas of fighting for recognition and portunities for Youth in March, 1972. equal rights within Canada Having requesting a grant in excess of the advantage of youth and $100,000 to finance the hiring of 40 fresh ideas, these students must students, maintain renting of equipment, etc. this leading role. Under under Summer this project. Following a Fieldwork ', the poten- drastic cut tials of in funding from O.F.Y,, video tape equipment will be SUSK decided to carry on the explored extensively. This medium project under adverse conditions. has a decisive advantage in ite Sixteen students attended an applications: it is 1972 MEI.DWORKtRS portable and is an orientation course in Toronto and excellent tool in community Marko work- it Winnipeg which acquainted Bojcun (Toronto), Ihor Peteiycky IS easy to ihem (Vancouver), Borys Kowalsky (Toronto), Dorio work yet its technology is with the aims of the I. ucch (Vancouver), Irka project, prac- Okipniuk (Toronto), Chryslia Laptuta (Toronto), Daria Porochiw- sophisticated enough to produce an tical aspects of community njk (Kdmonlon), audio-visual Roman Tarnowecky (Toronto). Halya presentation that is on a organizing, Kuchmij (Toronto), Ivan Fecan and which immersed Toronto). Petro par with television. ( Melnycky (Winnipeg). Oksana The use of video Ihem in an extensive Mazur (Winnipeg), Yuri Kovar (Toronto. studv of the tape machines in our communities structure, activities, needs and number and the are operating a video- providing introducUon of Ukrainian problems of the an attractive audio-visual Ukrainian-Canadian production centre at and Brandon. Manitoba. They will programmes the University presentation of through cable community. Twelve students Ukrainian-Canadian be working on various projects were of Manitoba. Winnipeg, where they with television networks across accepted as life and culture, will also contain Canada permanent f ieldworkers will create Ukrainian students. Our Saskat- will a series of documentari^ serious have a powerful effect orientation socio-political com- chewan based workers on of to; hour length on various are presently Canadian society. courst '.''^ i^iIS mentaries pertaining to the position Lrse May ^6, of cooperating with the provincial concern to both the Ukrainian- " project organizers par- The aim of of the community as a whole within and the project ,s twofold, Canadian community Students' Multicultural Action and Canadian Canadian society. Thematic ticipants are confident that the to in roduce video-tape equipment society Committee. At the same time, at large. T^iese d^^imen they summer activities mto the Ukramian community, material will be gathered in will raise the in taries will include are organizing a Youth Jamboree to level particular historic Uiemes of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and of consciousness in the to young people by Ukrainian be held in July. In Edmonton, the settlement n Cana'd^ Alberta, and fieldworkers will seek Ukrainian community, especially in demonstratmg its potential as a tool socio-economic SUSK fieldworker will be involved a'pecis of uS^nUn participation from the communities the student sector. Several centres for organizing people around im- in. among other communities, the ?tatc UkJa activities, the day of student activism portant issues; secondly, n an to ensure a realistic and honest will undoubtedly to lay the churches, music, thflanLaRe care issue in the Ukrainian com- groundwork for Sue presentation of Ukrainian life in consolidate in Western Canada — a sophisticated and ,n the primary munity. and seSrfscS"-""^^ ^«- Western Canada. they should be permanent communications net- c««tnm. .i,„ >,._ . given all possible Student organizers in this section work for the Ukrainian The second major section of the support. ITiose cities which are community CoS ee' of the project will introduce video ife'^tX^^^^ project involves grass roots already experiencing across Canada^ m the form of cable the North tape equipment this activism Wi,^^ipe| Tnd organizational work to co-workers in the should TV programming ^ among students expect to see a broadening of Douglas Ukrainian com""unumues,munUies course of working on specific Twelve people are presently by individual fieldworkers These perspectives vis-a-vis projects etc. projects. They will also present workers are presently located in undertaken and an intensification working in the field. Six of this The documentaries, documentaries created of as well as Edmonton. Saskatoon and environs. at the work during Winnipeg the course of the Page 22: STUDENT, Anniversary Issue production centre to small summer. 1 .

New Strategy for Multicultural Canada (No. 17. June 1972)

The objective situation for the disproportionate share of the lower ali-importanl pedigree. identity means the ruling class of the potential threat if concessions development of multiculturalism in rungs of society. The immigrant has But as the ethnic communities wishes everyone irrespective of were not made. The bulk of the Canada has changed considerably always provided Canadian capital grew in size, an indigenous ethnic race, colour or creed, to be subject ethnic population was duped and over the last two years. Reality has, with cheap lai>our. The newcomers' capitalism emerged of not in- to the same "normal economjc law" manipulated in a political trade-off as it were, caught up with our low socio-economic position also consequential economic power. — the law of the market. with the ruling class. The lactic of concepts. A fresh analysis must be served as an important factor in Secondly, the post-war economic "we will keep the natives quiet if you made of the new correlation of preserving social stability of this boom and a rapidly developing Of course this will take some time the deliver the goods" has unfortunately forces. Policies and tactics must be countryf Anglo-Saxon working technology required a massive to effecl — and it is doubtful if the The been the one used by present social main the ethnic developed to meet the challenge of a class was of course not upwardly expansion in education. This meant order is capable of elites in their dealings with the new stage in the struggle for an socially mobile, was exploited, but a that for the flrst time new lawyers of this task. But the Prime Minister's dominant interests. equitable multicultural programme. large number of aliens at the lowest the Canadian population could statement proclaiming Canada multicultural The position on multiculturalism end of the scale gave the illusion of receive the benefits of university is the signalling of the For the socially concerned as presented in that paper delivered privileged and cushioned the training. The rise of an ethnic end of old-fashioned British colonial members of the ethnic communities, racism, of the theory at the University of Toronto in 1970 discontent. And if the economy went capitalist class and of an educated of the the political trade-off game of was devoted to counter a very into a recession, then the effects of professional stratum altered the superiority British stock. The represents a complete sell-out of the specific assertion, namely the unemployment would be first felt by previous correlation of forces. To Canadian ruling class is trying to real interests of the ethnic com- cultural hegemony of the Anglo- the immigrant. The immigrant frustrate the ever growing am- shed itself of its regal ideological munities. The situation will only be Saxon dominant interests. This served, and continues to serve, as bitions of this socially significant past, and has decided to be guided corrected by breaking the hegemony cultural chauvanism defined the line of sector cultural by economic calculation. Of course, Canadian capitalism's first by discrimination of representation currently enjoyed Canadian content in such a way that economic (racism), was to invite 'old British stock' will continue to defense in the periodic serious by the ethnic elite. This can only be entire sectors of the Canadian social unrest. dominate, but every effort will be crises. The Canadian ruling done by a new ethnic political force. population fell outside its The social ccHidition of the im- class was quick to learn the lessons made to remove traces of its racist perimeters. We on the other hand migrant, and his economic role of of the American "hot summers" of ideology which has now become Ihe alternative leadership will, for claimed that "ethnicity" was not providing cheap labour received its the sixties. Equally important was such a serious liability to that the time being, have to be developed domination. from the ethnic youth sector. The "alien", that it was an integral fact legitimization in the ideological the emergence of the "ethnic vote" — of Canadian life, that 'ethnicity' as realm in the theory of "Canada- as a political power. In a period of real needs of the ethnic population The Prime Minister has the cultural expressien of a English and indivisable". The im- minority governments, the fortunes legitimized etluiic identity. He has a substantial improvement in Uving collective was a positive develofb migrant was un-Canadian. This of the Conservatives, and especially not proposed a serious programme standards, equal wages, end to ment in a society so quick to deny concept in the social the literals could be made by a shift was rooted for social, cultural, linguistic, discriminatory practices in housing, people the opportunities for human of Canadian of the "ethnic vote" in their direc- consciousness the economic development of Canada's working conditions, education and self-expression . We were of course population for generatioas. The tion. The Liberal Party, the least cultural minorities, nor does he have unequivocal manner. The first step to some extent successful in our few ex- responsive to ethnic population has immigrant worker, with any intention of doing so. His attempt to Canadianize, or more ceptions, internalized this dennition learned from its errors of the past is to explain to the mass of the ethnic statement is to be seen as Canadian correctly, to le^timize cultural and consequently Trudeau has spent population, the limited gains that ot self. He did not expect the same capitalism's ideological concession diversity as the Prime Minister and social opportunities. far more time and effort courting have been made, and to fight the economic to the merging ethnic elites. proclaimed Canada multicultural. class could justify this the "ethnic vote" than any of the ethnic elite taking its lion's share of The ruling In all of Uiis, the real predicament

But what we did not stress at that < tar- other previous I^iberal Party the limited services and facilities abhorrent situation without of the ethnic population has time was that this cultural nishing the myth of Canada the land leaders. made available by recent remained unchanged. The socio- chauvanism, which in Canadian of opportunity. Canada was the land The Canadian ruling class could economic-cultural depravation of legislation. This ought to be the history has been a crucial com- of opportunity, but for Canadians, accede to the demands of the new this sector continues unchallenged. starting point of a concerted effort lo ponent of ruling class values, merely the immigrant was un-Canadian, in ethnic elites without altering the These issues were not on the raise politically the demands of the asserted in the realm of ideology time he would become one ... after socio-economic structure of political agenda of the ethnic elites mass of Canada's ethnic population. what the ruling class asserted in the one, two, three generations. The Canadian society. The demands of as it was not in their class interest to In other words, the time has come to political and economic arenas. The Canadianization of the immigrant the ethnic elite were not of the sort introduce class politics into com- Prime Minister's statement had an elastic time schedule which that would alter significantly any raise them. The ethnic elites did of munity affairs. cultural life. The new course on occasion use some "tef- signaled a change in the depended on the rate of economic aspect of Canadian k.h. against the ruling chauvanist aspect of ruling ideology, growth, that is. on how many im- elite did not demand an end to the tish" rhetoric but of course, leaves intact the migrants could enter the main- intense exploitation of immigrant class. This was necessary in order to political-economic hegemony of the stream of the labour force without labour but merely that every stir the home base to gain a power- ruling interests. altering the status quo. In times of Canadian, irrespective of ethnic base in negotiating with govern- The most superficial glance at the crises, even the retention of an 'odd' origin, be given equal opportunity to ments and to inform the ruling class Canadian social structure reveals name, when everything else was l)ecome an exploiter. In order for course that the large bulk of Canada's lost, could still be enough for this to be seen as the normal cultural minority occupies its Canadian capitalism to withhold the of events, the legitimization of

Message from the President fNo. 20. October 1972) and years ago the Royal Commission on Bilingualism About two etc.. help people maintain and "The Cultural Contribution of We have said that these insilitutions Biculturalism tabled its fourth book entitled Ukramianism we are their Ukrainianism. but what is this Groups." Like the books before it, the Fourth Volume, develop the Other Ethnic only give a parUal answer, but one country. developing' To this question 1 feel 1 can declared Canada to be a bilingual and bicultural policy statement in that can be practically applied. On October 8lh 1972. Prime Minster Trudeau tabled a Culture is declared Canada to Ukrainianism is not citizenship — except perhaps in Ukraine. the House of Commons which, unlike the Fourth Volume, generations it framework." The change something genetic; it is something passed on through and be a mulUcultural country "within a bilingual not I not born a Ukrainian, afterthought, nor , always changing as it develops. Therefore, am from biculturalism to multiculturalism was not merely an is Ukrainianism is inherited from my the result of hard work on the part of though 1 was born a Canadian. My did it come out of a vacuum, but was parents and the community. That Ukrainianism is ever-changing. various ethnic groups. . recognizea our development, to be Ukrainian largely means to have a difference between the two positions was that one At this stage in The ^ perceived common fate. This means Uiat Ukrainians in Ukrainian-Canadians as a community and the other did not. It is the all- shared history and a to ad- same as Ukrainians in Ukraine in extent. We perceive ex- important question of the destiny of our community to which 1 want Canada are the completely dif- tinction as a common fate. Yet Ukrainians in Canada are dress this message. „ I , ^ have experienced an bicultural was to chaUenge our I ferent from Ukrainians in Ukraine in the sense that we The full thrust of defining Canada as repression of the Soviet State. What 1 am about to Whereas 1 as an mdividual I immigration and they the definition of ourselves as a community. and French speaking say about building a sense of community will also apply to building a sense of in Canada may fit into an "English speaking Ukrainian Ukrainians in Ukraine. certainly does not. Quite obviously, the nationhood and therefore can involve country" the Ukrainian community | French be Ukrainian today also means to feel a sense of concern and respon- does not fit into the English speaking or To Ukrainian community — with other people who neither. Therefore, either I sibility — in one word — a sense of communion speaking Canada, and therefore belongs to I what is most important is that a and French speaking or we are not a com- define themselves as Ukrainian. Finally, Canada is not basically English activities person can feel more and more Ukrainian by making Ukrainian munity. „ of his life. that we are a community? and experiences a large part What then does it mean to say our development We can now begin to understand what the process of "community" may be used loosely to identify a number of in- The world of activities and experiences that people example you I I enuiils. It is through the sharing society who share a common interest. Thus for dividuals in a others. It is through that feeling of passing interest lo us that I begin feeling a sense of communion with community of poor people. It is at least of ; have a define themselves as a community. It is positive one, (i.e. an advantageous I communion that people begin to whereas the link in our community is a I the the that they relate to activities and experiences in is the case with many other uses I through community ) the precise opposite one for the individual. that they begin to perceive a does not want to have the past i.e. history, and it is as a community in this wide sense (i.e. a poor person I of the word shared common fate. to add that a geographical base I poor. ) It would be trite negative link of being individual with an understanding we say we are a community we This type of analysis provides the is not essential to the term. Clearly when student in a framework with which to approach the community. Firstly, as a that we share a common interest. mean more than [ understand my role in terms of the groupings in our society, our I city like Regina for example 1 begin to Unlike voluntary associations or other and the nation as a social local community, the national Ukrainian community represents a number of [ has various insUtutions and I community individual, working through the local students club find various archives, museums and whole. As either an or Within our community we of concern social integral port of the community. Feeling a sense child socializaUon process, a welfare see myself as an cultural.centers, as weU as a | 1 level responsibility for the community whether on a local or national an educational process, etc. or process, and by the institutions that exist. Is and if we look to see what needs are not being met that our community has a cultural base, If we remember | of Ukrainosnavstvo? Are there whole insUtutions I there a ridna schkola? Are there courses that ours is a social unit which encompasses remember the public school system? In the biculturalism was so I Ukrainian language and context courses in then it is easy to understand why and social processes, | there a High Schools'? At the University? Of what quality are they? Is repulsive to our people. , community? Are there newsletters. processes, what purpose do communication network in my local that our community has institutions and are Given Are there T.V. programs? Of what quality that these institutions etc., serve to helg^, Are there radio programs? thev serve"* It is my contention local community our community they' Are there social welfare services provided for in my "Ukrainianism", Ideally , people maintain and develop their parentless children? Are all the Are there day care centers? Are there Homes for achieve institutional completeness, it will have over time will Ukrainian community? Are there medical Ukrainian, or to help anyone there legal aid panels for the elements necessary to bring a child up to be community? Is implies seu cUnics? Are there old folks homes? Is there leadership in the enter the community, histitutional completeness Who wishes to Committee leading the community m filhng these the institutions that exist to fulfill the goal to the Ukrainian Canada perpetuity, and coordination of Uj msuil a needs? Are there youth organizations in the community that help which the institutions are directed. that are sense of Ukrainianism in children? etc. completeness impUes culltiral insUtutions ^ . j . While institutional asked, l- or it is only In On a national basis, the same types of questions can be from the overall society . it does not imply isolaUon , uniouelv Ukrainian, workings of these types of institutions that a seiise completeness, we wii have to share certatn . through the satisfactory orTert'a* retnititutional sense of communion, the of true communion can be built. Without that ouUide society, tor ^•jam_Pje.."J'™"'.t?-l"!f!! institutions with the "? Ukrainian community is in peril. s bem^ existence of a "ul c"scrooTsysrem""S.y>e^wiUaiwa ' ADdrij Scmotiuk society which will have nothing to do with our is as citizens in the overall Issue: Page 23 to do with the cultural community. STUDENT, Anniversary cultural life and therefore nothing TOWARDS A POLITICAL SOCIOLOG

the of t^nglish expense of a lower rate of reciprocally affecting, differences of State, organized con- collective sentiments social m The last decade or so has wit- Secretary mobility. representatives Onada, although some are more (8) How does the doctrine social class, language, cultural nessed the proliferation of the ferences and invited propose willing to make allowances for the that this inequity be behaviour patterns, inter-group "multi4:ulturalism" movement on of the various cultural minorities to formulation of alleviated? Firstly, the government attituues, eic.) > grou the Canadian political forum. This participate in the French language) that, policy proposals in this been must undertake to legitimate Of paramount importance in Can: movement received its first concrete multiculturalism argues, has In October of 1971, Prime cultural pluralism by sensitizing all explaining the existence of cultural culti coherent expression in a maiden direction. responsible for the creation of an Trudeau pronounced, first Canadians to the fact and value of its pluralism in Canada is the migi speech to the Senate (in 1963) by a Minister environment largely unreceptive to the following existence as an integral part of the relationship between social class not 1 newly-appointed member, Dr. Paul in the House and, the existence of these minority evening, at the tenth tri-annual yet culturally Canadian social reality. A very and ethnicity. Porter's analysis of rate Yuzyk. In it he argued that it was groups as integrated Ukrainian-Canadian Congress in important step in this direction the topmost economic, political, secc time for all Canadians to distinct social entities, and, sub- a multicultural would be the liquidation of all bureaucratic and communication Ukri acknowledge the contribution made Winnipeg, Canada sequently, for thei^ gradual disin- bilingual framework. publications (including school texts) elites in Canada reveals them to be Can by the various minority ethnic nation within a tegration. Thus, having established responsiveness which deal with cultural minorities almost exclusively of White Anglo soci; groups the use of other by the more' militant trade-union their cultural identity. It is not and differences in values. levels of languages as languages of in- political orientation movement, student groups, and the surprising, therefore, that these education, and struction in the education system, im- FLQ, by the nationalistic- "Ukrainian-Canadians" were among the various waves of etc. The fulfillment of all these separatistic Parti Quebecois, and unable to find much in common with migration and their descendants. demands would necessarily result in even by the more intransigent the more intensely nationalistic, The result had to be a misnomer in the expansion of the high "white- academic profession). Why is it then highly-educated, urban-based post- the application of the term "com- collar" occupational structure, that the exponents of war emigre. Despite the efforts of munity" or "cultural group" to the positions in which would be manned multiculturalism have failed to the movement's leaders to mobilize Ukrainian-Canadian group. If one by members of the ethnic recognize and develop the poten- their support, the gains were almost uses either of these two terms to minorities. tially more radical implications of negligible. signify a substantial degree of A' failure to relate It is the doctrine's their discontent? The inter-war wave was a little collective consciousness then, in the to the interests of the industrial and different. A larger proportion of context of this group, the develop- agrarian working classes within the JLTURAL! these immigrants was more highly ment of such a collective con- minority ethnic groups that has educated and had left the Ukraine sciousness or group cohesiveness resulted in their lack of participation ;alm's assimilative forces and A study of the movement's par- for political reasons. Reacting to the has obviously been severely ham- in the movement. Perhaps, only by to strengthened the basis for social ticipants reveals some interesting Bolshevik annexation of the short- pered. Yet, using these terms in- emphasizing the role of ethnicity in of the structures and behaviour patterns Ukrainian People's Republic in discriminately, the leaders of the possibilities for explaining why the lived determining structured social first- differentiated along ethnic group doctrine and strategy of 1919,(221 they were more interested movement could not help but impose inequality could the movement hope of its lines. multiculturalism assumed the form in maintaining some form of their definition of "Ukrainian- basis of its support to juage) on everybody has a to extend the Thus, it has been demonstrated in which they presently appear. I Ukrainian community life here in Canadian" who include the lower social classes. To :e and thai the advent of the shall limit this discussion strictly to Canada and established a Ukrainian Ukrainian surname or whose give a more immediate example, a ,ion to "multiculturalism" movement must schools and organizations. pedigree reveals a grandmother or the Ukrainian-Canadian group for press, Ukrainian-Canadian wage-labourer s. One not be viewed simply as the settled in grandfather of Ukrainian descent. two reasons: a) am more qualified Although most of them obtaining a wage- further concerned with ory of outgrowth of the conflict between to speak about this group than any urban centres in Central and This has led them to the raise or with becoming a member of and "the collective desire to exist as a other; b) this group has been far Western Canada, (23) they at- mishap of identifying their interests a trade-union eUte would not be ladian distinct cultural entity" and the instrumental than in tempted to extend their work into with those of all other Ukrainian- more any other about either his command of and, frequently worried forces of assimilation generated by the promotion of this movement. It the rural areas as well. However, Canadians; they of the Ukrainian language or the argue, if the fourth-generation, Saxon the "ideal of Anglo-Saxon con- Is probable however that some of the their offspring have undergone a level of his "self-awareness" as a >espite formity." Instead, the movement considerable degree of language loss rural -situated Ukrainian- arguments advanced below can be Ukrainian-Canadian. On the other cal in- should be comprehended as the applied wherever relevant to other and cultural assimilation. With all Canadian's interests aren't the same hand, if one were to convince him judice minority ethnic see it is because he has been oppressed outcome of reciprocal determination groups as well. the above in mind, it is easy to achieving those extent from that his chances of ir off- and interaction between the Firstly, upwardly mobile, middle- there were initially so few third- to the of total alienation why goals are limited by his cultural disap- aforementioned conflict and the class aspiring Ukrainian Canadians or fourth-generation Ukrainian- his cultural identity. origins, then his interest may be adian society's inability to structurally have shown a greater interest in involved in the In summing, therefore, the Canadians aroused. Such a strategy, naturally, higher assimilate (in pace with the rate of movement than lower class, although recently their multiculturalism is a movement, non- movement, has revolutionary implications in I -pluralistic reformist in strata cultural homogenization) all of its mobile Ukrainian-Canadians (here participation has increased libera and that it calls into question the ere is minority ethnic groups (as ex- situation could its political orientation, and mainly class be assessed in somewhat. foundations of the entire representative of the interests of structural n-born pressed by precisely the in- terms of level of income, level of It is the post-war Ukrainian society; for, it is highly improbable {roups sufficiency of Uie "ideal of Anglo- ranking emigre that has had the greatest middle-class aspiring, urban- education, -M on the oc- movement could succeed (in first generation that the ones) Saxon conformity" as a viable cupational scale employed by B. vested interest in the situated, and second terms of its manifest goals) within movement. On the Ukrainian-Canadians. Motivations of the alternative). BIishen( 18). ) Secondly, Urban- multiculturalism each the legitimate boundaries of the nity", therefore can be said of the Ukrainian-Canadians are average more highly educated, (24) for participation vary with What situated present political system. As long as nationalistic, feeling individual. Many see in the linaiit doctrine of multiculturalism as a by far over-represented in the more intensely Anglo-Canadian group remains movement a means for satisfying the ociety whole? Firstly, the doctrine is not an movement's ranks while those the impending threat of extinction of in firm economic, social and e ideology nationality, they their social needs; in this case, sole (in the full, Marxian sense situated in rural areas have the Ukrainian control the other groups multiculturalism becomes the "in- political 'icted of the since it does not to proportionately inculcated into their children more term) seek demonstrated, hope to develop a sufficient to involvem^t in the cannot sr. alter the structural foundations of level of interest. deeply than any of the previous thing" do and speaking, a low The structural basis of power so as to a sense of movement a standard of group jment the total social system but merely ratio of first- or second-generation to waves of immigration imput into the of the effect meaningful iry attempts introduce reform generation responsibility for maintaining the conformity. The consequence to to within third or fourth decision-making process governing heritage and for legitimation of multiculturalism Vlilton one particular dimension of the Ukrainian -Canadians involved in the Ukrainian national for strata of the the allocation of resources society's existence — of greater than the working towards the "liberation" of within the middle-class and treatment movement is much cultural growth. "Russian op- community is that a number of ) The its cultural minorities. It accepts the same ratio for ali Ukrainian- the Ukraine from upwardly mobile third- or fourth- ss of basic values engendered by a Canadians across the country. Thus pression. "(25) Political differences (POLITICA L SOCIOLOG Y generation Ukrainian-Canadians nant) modern social system based on the participation seems to be with previous waves of immigration continued on page 27) post- (students and professionals) who )f the capitalist mode of economic activity predominantly constituted by up- coupled with the fact that the the have come into more, frequent m the (with some state intervention), i.e. wardly mobile, middle-class war emigre tended to settle in STUDENT, Anniversary Issue: Page 25 1 .

(N0. 23. May 1973) ", . 25- — - "" - , " - "AM" 1973 p.. " - - . , ?8- 1971 . . . "". - - , -. ' ' 500 . ' - - — - - "" (- , . "- , - . 79) , - , , "". - ' - "6- " . - . - , -- "" , 6 - ". "", . - "- "" , , - ,, , , - ". - "" "CRTC". " - "- , - " ': " -- , 50 - - . T.V.", "Roger Cable 1 1 ,30 - . . " - . , , ', "" - "CITY T.V.". "" - - "CHIN" - , - . — - "" "- . . . - ", - . - - . -. , : 9 , "" - , 26- "The White Oaks - . 9 - . - of Jalna" (6 , ) , . 6 : - , "" , - - "". "" "CTV" , ' - . -- . . - , "" - - , . , , - . . ,- - . .. , - ., . - , •" ^ , — 1 % - "" , " """- "". "CTV", , , 27- . : - ..,- -.- ,' . . ' , - . - , ' . :- ", 1 "" "" "CTV. •' , , , . - ~ 1971 - , - . "" 85»4.' .'. . - , ' - -- . " ,. "- , " -9 - " "". . . ". - - *'-' . - 9- ' - ' , . - & , - "". . - . - . . - - , - - "" , , - , - ,- "... "CKSB" ". , , . "" —"". . , : , - , ,' - "- """-" - ' "The - .. , - - - ' ...". - six wives of Henry VIIl", "Eli- - - " '. - "" HVMH . . zabeth R". "The Forsyth Saga" '" 7- ..." , , - - T|iK . - . , - - "" - . -- .---- - . , , "- ",. - — "", - - " , " ", » . - . - "" , - , - , . ,20- - - . "" , ,." - . '. - " .3% , ( . . - ,.- , - "" , '- ) - . 4- "". - , , .-1 - 50 . . - .- . - - . - ... , - € , "" , . . - , . "", " : - "- 1971 "CBL" (AM) 7-10 . , "" , , - . . . -- -- . , - 5- , - . . "- "" . , -

Page 26: STUDENT. Anniversary Issue Through a Glass Darkly (No. 22. March 1973)

I am what you might call principles and culture -for IS no trespassing. an There is much "peasants' revolt" by the West from "easterner". In othpr materialistic gains. Manipulation of words, I have more competition in the East than in the "oppressing forces" in the East. I wUl never forget my firal lived the majority of others and especially of your fellow the prairie my life in a West, simply because there are It all seems somewhat sky, it seemed so large and vast, point east of is quite common, I Thunder Bay, namely Ukrainian and as more qualified people in specific melodramatic if not ludicrous. True, felt so small. I'll never forget that great metropolitan city of T. S. Eliot says, putting on a "face to areas. Toronto has become a huge there are basic differences of hitching on the Trans-Canada be- Toronto. the faces that meet", is For the past two simmers I meet you drop-in centre for artists from aU opinion and concrete reasons for tween Saskatoon and Hegine with have fieldworked for SUSK in truly a reality. Much of the urgency over Canada because the op- resentment on both aides, but it the wind tiehind me and nothing in Western Canada. I do not profess to to succeed in Toronto, as it is in any portunities and resources for really trails down to a lack of com- sight but wheat fields and the oc- understand and know the West; other place, is economically based. development are there. Perhaps this munication, and a stubborness to casional grain elevator, eating having lived in Toronto for twenty The majority of Ukrainians were is one of the reasons that the West understand one another. Another perogies in a Ukrainian restaurant years, naturally my views of the quite poor when they first came to and indeed the Maritimes resent the factor to be considered is the con- in Wadena owned by the only West are "through a glass darkly" Canada, Being "successful" in our East, Energies and resources of scious and perhaps sub-conscious Chinese family in a town that was as Bergman would put it. society is equated to being wealthy. creative people from all across envy one group has of the other, 90% Ukrainian, meeting a Ukrainian Living in Toronti) is Consequently ethnic culture is Canada are often a unique exploited to feed based on the ever fluctuating motorcycle gang in Preecville. the experience. Living in subjucated to dollars and cents. In metropolitan Toronto and appetites in the East. principles of a love-hate relation- old abandoned Orthodox and being Ukrainian other words, the culture is valuable is another unique Etoes the West resent the East? As ship. CathoUc churches, the deserted and experience. The city only when it has been accepted by an easterner. I has a spent two summers However, the dichotomy between silent cemeteries, monuments to a population of society in monetary terms. The in the about 2Vt million of West, respectively in the the East and the West does reside on people that had once passed before, which 85,000 are Ukrainian in Canada often loses provinces of of Ukrainian Manitoba and some very tangible and concrete stories of Ukrainian witches in descent. In a city of this size, sight of the human element in his Saskatchewan most Too soon I differences. This applies not only to Hafford, the legend of "Kid" ethnic obsession to earn and make more discovered that there groups tend lo live in distinct was a very Ukrainians but all Canadians in the Krawchenko. the Ukrainian version geographic money. The culture gels lost, definite sections, for example, hostility and rosentment East and in the West The East has of Bonnie and Clyde, the living distorted or perverted somewhere practically every second shop towards easterners The fieldworker mure power, politically and history of generations of Uiiraimans between Jane and Runnymede is along the way. who came into a western town or cconomiially ; this is a reality. who had literally opened up the West Ukrainian owned, there is a In one sense, it isliarder to "make city was labelled as an eastern Moreover, the environment and and created a unique and beautiful it" chauvinist, Chinatown, a "Little Italy", a in the East than in the West. pretentious snob, socialization processes for both culture of their own. What is there in "Little Poland" and even a sector There are a number of reasons for pseudo-intellectual, etc. This label groups are quite different, therefore the East to compare with this? How called the Banana Belt where there this. First of all, the majority of was affixed regardless of the in- the different and varied orientations utterly absurd for a first generation is a majority of West Indians and Ukrainians in the East are im- dividual's personality, goals or Negroes. Toronto is not really a city migrants or first generation; they ideals. Again I must emphasize that

in the true sense of the word, it is are still considered "foreigners" in 1 speak generally, as this was not the simply a place where groups of some circles. It .is difficult to case all of the lime. However, I must people have come to live. There is no establish yourself in a admit, that much of the criticism other alternative; one must exist in predominantly Anglo-Saxon society directed towards the easterner was some type of group to exist at all. In when you still have a European justified. Easterners when Toronto one becomes accustomed to accent. On the other hand, in the dislocated from their natural en- move and to move fast. People are West the majority of Ukrainians are vironment Lend to become competitive and basically self- second, third or foiu'th generation. somewhat patronizing and con- centered; the stress is on the in- The Ukrainian Canadian is an ac- descending to others, particularly to dividual and taking time out for cepted fact, as he's been around for the "poor westerners" who they another person is considered a seventy-five years or more, and the think of as "uncultured, provincial foolish error in the race to win. What history of the Ukrainian settler and small-townish", that have to be ^'-Xf^-'ffl'-«^'''--y-\-. '.--7- one wins is yet another matter to opening up and developing the West informed and educated politically, consider. These are perhaps rather is a well-versed legend. There are culturally and socially It brings to large generalizations to make, yet in many more possibilities for upward mind the myth of Prometheus, who describing the character of a city political mobility in a province like brought the gift of fire and light to to life priorities and in life. Toronto Ukrainiai Sorn and raised in the one must do so. It is an accepted fact Saskatchewan or Manitoba as those who sat in perpetual darkness. is ltdsically a cold and unfriendly that there are many individuals and presently exemplified by the Small wonder that easterners, even East, 10 go into a place like Mundare city, as even Torontonians would groups who do not fit into this mould. well-meaning easterners are looked or Canora or Dauphin and tell the admit. It is a place where to one has thai they are upon with mistrust However, it is Ukrainian people there adhere lo the maxim of "it is what not strictly a one sided argument not politically aware or that they do you make it" In comparison, 1 Often, honest and genuine intentions not have the "right" social per- iound western cities and the people of the easterner are misinterpreted spective and avjattttess- in Ihe West to be much more friendly as personal ambition. < often The dichotomy between the West and respunKive (o Ihe needs of Ihe preconceived value judgments not and the East will always be IhecL- individual There is a feeling of founded in reality, are delrimentyl The only thing that remains is Itiat belunginji, the pace is considerably to thu developmvm of both groups we try lo be a little more tolerant of relaxed than in Ihe East, the people Misconceptions are basL'd on each other and stop trying lo impose seem less neurotic While in Toronto cliches, a lack uf communication our own life styles on otliers. As the one works from nine 'til five and and a lack of understanding Per- Bealle's Song goes, "Let it be" 'lives" on weekends, in Winnipeg sonal conflicts and petty differences one "lives" all of the time. In the are exaggerated and time become Halya Kuchmij West, there is a definite contentment generalizations. One group, untrue seen in the people, their work and as the other, becomes defensive of accomplishments Perhaps it is the territory Consequently, a his own closeness one finds with nature. As vendetta of sorts is conceived and any number of Ukrainians in influential Ms. Kostash writes: Ukrainians in Toronto, as carried on by members of both cabinet positions. In the East it is other ethnic group, must work "yours" and "ours". This is And maybe, prophets of God have considered fortunate if a Ukrainian doubly hard in order to "make it", presently best exemplified in the always moved more easily in the ,„,.,„_ political not happens to make it to any ' b"ot. T. S. The Love Song of J, as in a certain respect they do East-West conflict found in the prairies of the West than through the position. The opportunities, '4f«d Prufrock start the race until all the other organization SUSK. a national streets of civilized cities in the East, politically speaking, are there lo be 2. Kostash. Myrna. Through competitors have taken off. Con- Ukrainian Canadian University because out here, the sky holds the ihe many found in the prairie provinces, while Mysteries of Western Kesentment sequently, one finds Students' Union. There is talk of an whole earth in one vast, blue em is a fine are WASP in Quebec or Ontario there 2 Saturday Night, Jan. 1972. Ukrainians who East-West split, there is talk of a which there aspirants, who have sold out their and distinct line beyond

Political Sociology-

(caniiiuu'J fruni page 25)

Ethnic Origin," in Yet an analysis of distinctiveness to the extent that the and culture. In fact, the Commission Boydell, C. (ed.). Critical Issues in Canadian Society. the relationship between ethnicity latter no longer is relevant in ventured the possibility of culture other than pp. 270-279. and social stratification and a more determining one's chances for social developing on bases (14) Porter, "left-wing" oriented political mobility. On the other hand, again, language. See Royal Commission on J., op. cit. Bi., Report 1. (15) Vallee, Frank C, "Ethnic strategy is precisely what the ex- as we assessed previously, it is Bi. and discussion is a Assimilation and Differentiation in ponents of multiculturalism try their precisely that "social system's (7) The preceding description of the doc- Canada", in Blishen, B, (ed.), best to avoid. It would seem, inability" factor that helps per- condensed as ex- Canadian Society, pp. 593-603. therefore, that the movement is self- petuate the existence of distinct trine of multiculturalism Semotiuk. A., (16) Gordon. Milton, "Assimilation defeating since, by Umiting its ethnic institutional and social pounded in Tbree- America: Theory and Reality", perspective and, subsequently, its structures, a necessary precondition FOOTNOTES: Multiculturalism: A in (1) For an elaboration of the same Dimensional Approach to Canada. in Rose, P.I., (ed.). The Study of basis of support, it cannot hope to for the maintenance of behaviour see Yuzyk, P., The Ukrainian Society, pp. 435-453. achieve its manifest aim of a patterns differentiated along ethnic theme 3-8, 72-90. (8) Although this point has not Deen (17) Gordon, Milton M., op. cit.. p. growing and thriving cultural lines. Thus a higher rate of struc- Canadians, pp. commission on articulated, at least not to 449. pluralism. Such a conclusion would tural assimilation would undermine (2) Royal my Biculturalism, knowledge, in writings expounding (18) BUshen, B., "A Socio-economic miss the essential point, however, these various community structures Bilingualism and Preliminary Report, pp. 50-52. the doctrine, it is frequently brought Index for Occupations in Canada", since, as we discovered earlier, the (Structural pluralism) and further J.B., "Separate up during in Blishen, B., (ed. ) , Canadian movement should be understood as advance the rate of cultural (3) Rudnyckyj, discussions among the in Royal Commission movement's leaders. 741-753. mainly a reaction of upwardly homogenization of all Canadian Statement," Society, pp. Report i, 155-169. (9) Semotiuk, (19) Wangenheim, E., "The mobile, middle4;lass aspiring, ur- peoples. The end result? Perhaps, a on Bi. and Bi., pp. A,, op. cit., p. 48. Krawchenko, B., "Toward the (10) Porter, John, The VerUcal Ukrainians: A Case Study of the ban-situated individuals (of bigger, better, more . powerful (4) Development of MultieulturaUsm". Mosaic, pp. 60-102. Third Force", in Mann, W,E., ted.), minority ethnic origin) against the middle-class. As for multicultur-' (5) Semotiuk, A., Multiculturalism: (11) Baltzell. E.D., The Protestant Canada, p. 169. social system's inability to alism, that would become a myth of ThreeDimensional Approach to Establishment (201 Ibid., p. 170. (structurally) assimilate thtm at a the past. A (12) Kelner. M.. "Ethnic (21) Ibid,, p. 169. rate proportionate to their rate of Canada. However, it must be Penetration Toronto's Elite (22) Ibid., p. 169. acculturation. The propagation of (6) Ibid., p. 59, Into the Royal Commission Structures," in Mann, W.E. (ed.), 123 Ibid., p. 169. cultural pluralism, then, becomes argued that contrary to A. Semotiuk's belief, Canada, 203-209. (24) Ibid., p. 169. not so much an end in itself but a pp. was not trying to demonstrate an (13) Royal Commission on and (25 Ibid,, p. 172. means of legitimating ethnic , inseparable link between language Bi., "Socio-economic Status and (26) Ibid., p. 169.

STUDENT. Anniversary Issue: Page 27 (No. 25, October 1973) : - : . - «- , - — , , - ., -: «,». - . ( , -- ,? - ,-, ? - ., . - » , , - ) , — «, .-- , , ,. ? ,, : ». - , . — - - , _ . „ , . «, ,», ^-.-,- . ' - —^..- , , -,- , (). - ., , - .— , - «» , , - . . . - — », , «-- ,. 30- . : « -, {No. 25. October 1973) g ,, , - .. , , , , , - ;, .^-- -- ..., .,- -«» , , - « ». , . , ,-, : ».- ., - : , Dear Ms. Komar: women who constantly think about catching a husband, — resign and paint themselves up like peacocks to entice men. Tliey This letter is to inform you tliat I have decided to ... their families who ultimately see from the Ukrainian Human race. I am so totally fed up with are encouraged by these children we call Ukrainian men, that there seems no women's role in society as the mother and homemaker and organizations who push them into alternative except lo abandon a lost cause. by the Ukrainian . ; youth. Men obviously in Although they say that no two people are alike and that organizing teas and educating the . carry a our community, are the thinkers, the political animal, the one should nol generalize, 1 find that Ukrainian men , common characteristic, specifically categorized as first class intellectual. The problem should be a concern for both , - are forced to take on these roles. snobbery. I do not believe that it is an unconscious women and men, who . element, for these homo sapiens seem to treat women of The reason that both men and women would prefer another race five times better than those of their own. having a relationship with someone outside the community » it is they that they will never marry is because of the ghetto or small town nature of our : Maybe because know «». - ~ this other girl. That word "matusha" specifies that their community where your business is everyone else's business « will have to be Ukrainians and because the female's and anyone who moves out of their parents' home is , wives - mother will not tolerate inler-racia! marriage either, the obviously entering an "immoral" relationship. (They very , , - men believe that these stupid women are just sitting around well may. and I hope that they do.) The minute a Ukrainian like flies ready to pounce on a "mass of compost". Well, man and woman are seen together more than once, they are - I'm afraid they're going lo be disappointed in tlie long run. immediately married off and this keeps the rumour- . , — At any rate I've let out some of my hostilities, and all I mongers going steadily.

is tliis - ask of you to inform me as to how to deal with such But surely the men and women in community are . people. strong enough that this kind of ridiculous morality and role ,--- be dealt with, firstly in the home and secondly, — - Yours truly playing can , Infuriated. by publicly denouncing those that try and direct the private , lives of other people by their own morality. . - suggest that you a group of Personally I would find ,, - like-minded people, (there are men and women who are - Dear Infuriated; ' trying to liberate themselves from the community's roles - all I would like to tell First of you that you are not the actions , and morals.) and that together you plan political lo - only one who has to deal witli the insane chauvinism help those in our community who are afraid to strike out . exhibited by Ukrainian men, and therefore I believe that on their own. At first I would think that women and men , your letter will be of interest to a number of persons in the separately form circles to discuss their common problems , reading audience. and as each group gains confidence in itself, that further — , is , What you write about as "snobbery" more often the co-operation be planned. . inability of Ukrainian men and women to deal with each I suggest that you read the following books to help you , other as people and the confusion on both parts in dealing in your struggle: "Our Bodies, Our Selves", "The Second . other by the trappings that men and women in . with each Sex", "Sisterhood is , Powerful", "The Birth Control Ukrainian community are identified with. The women the Manual" published by McGill University. future mothers and the men, as typical of - all are the - after , . the general society, treat them as only suited for that , purpose; of course, Ukrainian women do not think, cannot be exciting to talk to, let r-'-^ni- have a relationship , possibly RIGHT ON INFURIATED. DO SOMETHING ABOUT , - with. This problem is compounded by those Ukrainian YOUR CONDITION! Page 28; . STUDENT, Anniversary Issue - , 1 —4 ,, . , ( , - . , , — . - - ) :) "' ( , . ,, - , ' ?" " ' ,. - ' - - . - .: . , — , , ( , , - ) . .- OF f — . . ,-- — , , - — , -- - (No. 26, November 1973) ; - "". - . , , - , . - - -' ". "— . - . , 80- . - -- , . . ' —. —, , , . , , ,"- . , - , )'. (

Skeletons in the Cupboard M. Vynnyciiuk (No. 27. January 1974)

In tlie midst all the discus- of the same our people shouldn't Ukraine, which produced so in the display (which was bill- And who is doing the sions on culture, cultural be doing that kind of thing! much in literature and art is ed as a "show of Russian examining? The irony in the values Ukrainianism is and one The embarrassment, perhaps, frowned upon. revolutionary art") were Uk- Fischer exhibition is that it sometimes struck by the lack also stems from a tacit recog- Th is na rro w-m in ded a p- rainians. took an art-lover who was of humility shown in ap- nition that tliere are "other proach to one's own culture The work of Alexander non-Ukrainian to patiently proaching that same culture. ways" of being Ukrainian and leads to many paradoxes. Uk- Bogomazov created some ex- collect the hundreds of works Tliere is often a large element that tliese figures exist as a rainians are allowed to idealize citement. The author of the produced in this period and, in of dogmatism in this kind of constant reproach to any at- 19th Century culture which review comments that he is a sense, discover tliis aspect of discussion and sometimes an tempt to impose a cultural was one based on the village "virtually unknown outside Ukrainian cultural history. attempt to legislate the bor- straight jacket on Ukrainian- community and the peasant the Ukraine" and expresses ders of Ukrainian culture. ism. way of life - but anything the hope that his philosophical Certain figures in literature, Besides being immodest, that smacks of tlie 20th Cen- theory laid out in his "Paint- The same is happening else- history or politics are held in this approach to the culture tury, industrialism or urban ing and its elements" in 1914 where. One hears of groups of contempt or simply banned has harmful consequences. No life is distasteful, foreign and a will one day be published. non-Ukrainian students at from discussion. You must one will ever be able to say corruption of the "genuine" Having stated that "the Uk- French and Italian universities have had the experience that that he knows the culture in culture. raine was the most fertile studying the cultural figures of when. say. Drahomanov, all its facets. Learning about Even to admit that there is land", the author asks in puz- the 20s. and learning the lan- Khvyl'ovy or Makhno are one's culture, it seems to me, a Ukrainian proletariat, that zlement, "Why the Ukraine? guage to be able to read the mentioned, the older person in should be a continuous pro- there was an attempt to form texts. tlie room shifts uncomfortably cess of discovery, and every- a Ukrainian proletarian litera- And why so '-.lany really in his chair and groans in- one should have the oppor- ture and art, that there were strong women artists? These wardly. Tliese names are some tunity of learning as much as Ukrainian cubists, supremat- are some questions jtill to be of the skeletons in the cup- possible about tlie diversity of ists and constructivists seems examined." tiiey exam- board, some of the "unfor- his cultural heritage. When a blasphemous to some cultural But are being tunately also Ukrainians" and political emigration dominates purists. ined? This is an area of Uk- rainian culture which is only Perhaps will have to wait a continual embarrassment in cultural life, not only in- This point struck me strong- we rehabilitated poUte conversations. One can dividual writers but whole ly a few days ago when read- slowly being for non-Ukrainians to explain exhibi- after being ignored by both our own cultural heritage to us not dispute their fame or the periods are taboo. For in- ing a review of an art Soviet Union and by the in all its richness com- quality of their literary or stance, the incredible creative tion at Fischer's in London the and emigration. plexity. scholarly achievements, but all ferment of the 1920s in the (England). Many of the artists

(No. 28, February 1974} " ,, - ?— ' ," - . , " - . . ''{ - ." ) ," ". ?) - ?( — " (" ",". 51 ', , . (1034),". 1) , :- ?,, ""- ... , , , . ., . . , , ... : ! "- , , , " -- "! , ...", ).- ? - - , . . ( . -. 9- STUDENT, Anniversary Issue: Page 29 . ,

Perhaps most disheartening to any young ogy and sex, Pidmohyl'ny^s novels on the city, Semenko's futurism, the proletarian enthusiast is the cynical manipulation of Kurbas' expres- people and the undignified demagoguery experiment of VAPLITE, practiced at demonstrations and confer- sionist drama - these bold voices of the 20s ences. The young cannot help but notice were destroyed m the 30s, but have not orientation of The Decay a Tradition that the arrogance and egoism of these hard- succeeded in chan^ng the the practical resuUs "Ukrainian culture." Instead, we stUI have (No. 28, February 1974) liners is immeasurable, painfully limited. the coarse .peasant humour of the average EMIGRE NATIONALISM AND Criticisms of NationalBm Soviet film, and 19th Century naturalism on TODAY'S YOUTH of the Older Generation Form Without Content the Ukrainian stage in Canada. main criticisms of emigre nationalism of content (often to its by M. Vynnychuk The The simplification Ideology centre around its emotional orientation, its exclusion) leads to a clinging to form. The alUance with The backwardness in political thinking is anti-intellectual bent and its old patriotic phrases, the songs and symbols in the realm of the of reaction. are gradually nowhere more evident than It is becoming increasingly evident that the forces (the flag, tryzub, Shevchenko) store there is, perhaps, ideology. If one walks into any ARKA generation of Ukrainians born after the Although ultimately worn thin and nothing put in their place. and irrational today, one can find reprinted copies of Second World War and now finishing schools something unexplainable The constitutional arguments (We were published in chnging to its language, Catherine Dontsov's "Nationalism" first and universities in Europe and North Amer- about a people robbed at Pereyaslav in 1654, by of most of the emigre culture sense of separate identity, this is hypotheses (the 1926. Contrary to the belief ica finds little to attract it in present and in 1773) and the racial not even a excuse for presenting the problem as a the "Russians older generation, Dontsov was politics. no separate blood-group theory, or allowing national theory) nationalist; his concept of the division of One expression of this dissatisfaction Is communal neurosis are descended from Finnish tribes" will-power" and to degenerate to a mass-hysteria. which to build mankind into the "men of the now proverbial "I'm interested in cul- sentiment are insufficient grounds upon anti-intellectual trend leads to a lack the "common herd" is closer to feudalism ture, not politics" mentality, to which a The national feeling. nation-state. serious analysis of the situation in the militant na- than any belief in the large section of youth subscribe. of Similarly, the trappings of of intellectual currents in Even more sadly, most of the emigre Another group, influenced by the youth Ukraine, a disregard tionalism are sadly out of key: a Romantic unaware of the and the loss of the best and most three weeks in the nationalists seem to be radicaiisation of the 60s, the student revolts the West, indulgence pracriced for elements in the Ukrainian com- of the writings of their own ideologists and have of '68 and the Anti-Vietnam War movement thoughtful year in the idyllic surroundings Wales. The lost the idealism and the radicalism they has faced a growing number of confronta- munity. Rockies or the hillsides of North Fossilised thinking means only empty of Kruty), exhibitied in the 40s. Quotations from tions with the politics of the establishment. laurels of heroic death (the myth the clinging to symbols. No and Mikhnovs'ky and Poltava today sound like In cases where the older people succeed slogans and the brown shirts, the cult of discipline and the with liberation struggles in are less in- revolutionary slogans of the youth, in involving the youth, acti\ity often seems analogy is made the monolithic party mentality Ireland, Palestine, Quebec, from programme of the 3rd OUN congress reads the result of an artificial stimulation. It is other countries; teresting than bumming cigarettes Europe. There is no under- almost point by point like the manifesto of usually misdirected and confused and ul- Vietnam, Eastern some old Hutsul and listening to his stories of the Black com- the Vietcong liberation front. timately leads to disenchantment. standing of the struggle of draft-evasion. or of working-class move- The basic contradiction in the positions Take for example the London (England) munity, of wo^en The circumstances of war-time are the be their radical stand where a couple of ments. The emigre nationalists are on the of the emigres seems to demonstration of 1968 justification of this cult of discipline and the SUM side of reaction in every case except the towards the Soviet Union and their uUra- hundred hot-heads from () ruthlessness. The nationalist parties try to hired coaches and Ukraine. conservatism in every other aspect of their camp were piled into keep their politics at this level of white heat lives. celebrates of white paint Nor is there any criticism of the status The Ukrainian community driven to the capital. Cans by recreating the war-time situation. anniversary of the famine in the and stones were provided and the "demon- quo in the country in which the emigre finds the 40th One is told to be constantly vigilant Soviet embassy. himself; the Ukrainians vote solidly for Ukraine with picnics in the country; every strators" let loose on the because of KGB infiltration, because of the of of the windows in the building Nixon, Wallace, Stanfield and Heath. member of the League for the Liberation After most red threat. When the external pressure is work- Ukraine is over sixty and looks like a plump been broken, it was discovered that they The unfortunate identification of had — non-existent, the struggle is turned inwards wrong embassy - the ers' struggles - communism - Russia pillar of the establishment. were attacking the and one witnesses the internecine party have be Finnish embassy, located next-door to the reveals not only confused thinking and prim- These contradictions, however, to strife of post-war years. Many young people the the eleven people arrested at itive politics, but makes the emigre- faced by younger generation and where Sowet one. Of turn from "politics" in despair and incom- in the they do become involved, practical action none (as far as I know) Ukrainians misinterpret the struggle the demonstration, prehension after a taste of the inter-party an older Ukraine. Their orientation here still seems to leads to a rapid development of ideas. were university students. One was squabbling of Banderivtsi vs. Meinikivtsi vs. man, who was discovered to be the No, 2 in be towards foreign intervention. This often Dviykari vs. URDPivtsi vs. etc. The Modem World The entire reveals not only a lack of faith in the the SUM organisation in England. The intolerance of difference pervades gain some political strength of the masses, but also a deep and The refusal to recognise the complexity of action was an attempt to every aspect of community life. It stretches publicity given to student sometimes selfish pessimism behind the the situation in the Ukraine today or to capital from the from the ritualistic denunciation of mixed impressed fanaticism and the aggressive stance. apply any sociological criteria in their think- movements at the time. Obviously marriages, long hair and drugs, to the and Luk- ing produces what the younger generation by the achievements of student revolts else- When Dzyuba, Chornovil narrow-minded and dogmatic interpretation the yanenko appear, they can only argue that considers to be a lack of understanding of where, the oigarviseis tTicd to present of history. The nationalists have a position the dissenters' positions are insincere, i.e., certain key issues. demonstration as a spontaneous expression on the Kievan Rus' state of the 10th Cen- taken up merely for tactical reasons. The One of these is the relationship between of youthfui idealism. tury but reject the cultural achievements of strike (Kiev, in industrialisation nationalism. there is effort, in these situations, Hydro-Electric Station 1968) and But no the Ukraine in the 1920s. During the last an organisational which 10,000 participated carrying slogans Khrushchev's poHcy of giving greater res- to involve young people at congress, one delegate, for no apparent give a voice in decision -making. like "All Power to the Soviets", leaves them ponsibility to local cadres, his tolerance of a level or them reason, in the middle of a speech suddenly an expression of stunned. small eUte who know Ukrainian culture well These actions are in no way began thumping the rostrum and attacking ferment among the youth, they are incredible situation develops in was an attempt to absorb patriotic sentiment poUtical Thus an the Harvard professors in the words: "How organically connected to student think- Ukrainians do not even believe into the system. The policy of utmost cen- not which many dare they say that the Ukrainians are not ing. A small clique, almost a bureaucratic that strikes and demonstrations have taken ?" tralisation as practiced by Stalin seemed to descended from the Antes . . . caste, has maintained a stranglehold on polit- place. (Rather like the old lady who does have reached its point of diminishing returns ical expression among Ukrainians in Britain not believe that the Americans have put a Cultural "Primitivism" both in economic efficiency and flexible for over 20 years; the same dozen names on the moon.) When workers were political control. man Glorification of certain figures in the past is reappear on the SUB calendar and at the poorer than today there were no strikes. The fact that many top administrative also only at the level of symbols. There is no every year. And the picture is not things have improved a little, how positions in the Ukraine are already held by high table Now that deeper knowledge of them and no serious much different in North America. can there be even more strikes? Either they Ukrainians may prove a great advantage in attention paid to some of the key figures. The political message at these demonstra- deny that the living standard has improved the eventual downfall of the regime. As local The superficial patriotism of the young tions is frequently confused or badly-chosen at all (a justification of unrest), or they deny men take over the affairs of the commun- tends to evaporate and consternation takes and creates a negative response. In the last the existence of strikes. They do not accept ity, the ehte will have to deal increasingly its place when they discover, for example, few years we have seen anti-Lenin, anti- the possibihty that an improvement in living with the pressure from below. that Shevchenko kept his diary and wrote Russian, anti-Communist marches, often ac- standards might lead to greater demands in People who do not consider open resis- many of his short stories in Russian, or that companied by pictures of the Russian bear the quality of life. Today, in fact, most tance as yet possible are either wittingly or they have only been repeating the first two devouring people. "Better Dead than Red" liberation struggles are closely tied up with unwittingly preparing themselves for a strug- stanzas of his "testament" because the last slogans, etc. cultural demands. A purely economic argu- gle by occupying strate^c prasitions in the two contain a strong suggestion of atheism. Yet another hangover from the days of ment is today a conservative argument; the administrative apparatus. Until recently, Another very dangerous myth is the one integral nationalism is the persistently anti- factor is likely to grow in im- however, the nationalists still considered cultural of 19th Century popuHsm. The Soviet Russian tone of these actions. At the Second portance in the future. every Komsomolets and party-member their re^me enlists the historical figures of the Ukrainian World Congress, one speaker ex- enemy. Ukraine as collaborators of the Russians in our contacts" plained at length how the blood-group of "We have an attempt to present Ukrainian culture as Another key issue is likely to be the Great-Russians was different from that of reaction the student element usually The of second-best: a provincial culture of em- attitude of the Russian and partly Russified Ukrainians. The logic behind this was, pre- with the first dose of heavy ob- begins broidered shirts, folk-dancing and folk-tales. population of Eastern Ukraine, and the sumably, that one could eventually reverse scurantism and with a resentment of the lack This is much more dangerous to national- ability of the national movement to draw it the process of assimilation by checking the of open discussion. Nothing is more alien- ism than the outright suppression of Tsarist into the struggle. Because most of the post- population's blood-group and sending the ating from political life than to be told that times. It encourages the more ambitious war emigration came from Western Ukraine, Great-Russians back to where they came your job is simply to listen and obey, to Ukrainians to break away from the village they fail to understand the mentality of the from. raise and follow the party line. The money past and embrace the modern worid of Eastern re^ons, rejecting them as "un- The bankruptcy in ideas and the inept- decisions are always taken somewhere real largely Russified cities. Ukrainian." The lesson the Western Uk- ness of methods is well illustrated by the above the people who know best: "We by But the Ukrainian emigres present sub- rainians learned during the Second World fiasco Dobosh and the failure to raise the cannot tell you where the money goes. We stanrially the same picture. Without in any War upon penetrating the Eastern territories Ukrainian struggle at an international level. have our contacts in the Ukraine, but ob- way questioning the wealth and beauty of led to a retreat froin the positions of integral largest emigre parties have not The succeeded viously we cannot tell you who they are. . . the populist tradition, many writers have nationalism and the subsequent inclusions of in forming any important contacts with The Resistance is doing its job. believe us. deplored this linking of national to village- numbers of Eastern Ukrainians and Russians prominent academics, journalists or literary . - .", etc. peasant life. The nostalgic eulogising of the into the struggle. figures. The old argument that the masses are "pure" Ukrainian values of the rural com- Small wonder, then, that the young want ignorant and understand only simple formu- munity is in the end harmful, to restore some serious thinking and some lations is both insulting and unacceptable to national intelligentsia ideals to Ukrainian emigre politics. "Our a generation that is emerging from schools "But we have a and aim," they say, "is to create a new political and universities with degrees in Political a working class," stated Ya. Starynkevych at (DECAY OF TRADITION con- and cultural milieu - a real alternative to Sciences, the Ukrainian Writers' Conference of 1957. Sociology, History, Slavics, etc. tinued on page 33) contrast with the present anti-intellectual, Yet one still hears the false dogma that only "What they have accomplished is worthy of intolerant, hypocritical and primitive emigre those have a right to speak who canied arms being depicted in great works of belles- estabhshment." in the last war (or the one before that). lettres." Vynnychenko's studies of pathol-

Page 30: STUDENT, Anniversary Issue Yevhen Konovalets'; undisputed leader of OUN until Stepan Bandeia: the radical alternative. Yaroslav Stets'ko: a mixture of fervour and nostalgia.

his assassination in 1939. The nationalists' Don Quixote? (No. 28. February 1974) Integral Nationalism b> (ieorge Mednylsky

From the late 1920s, through the 30s, and Melnvk and Bandera factions has been at- Ukrainian national expression by the uhra- meaningless to the average East Ukrainian, into the second World War, the dominant tributed, at least partly, to the fact that nationalist govemments of Poland. Rumania, since the second and tiiird of these names form of nationalist expression in Ukraine many members of OUN, particularly the and later Hungary produced an extreme were unknown to him as OUN activity in the . was "integral nationalism". Developed in younger nationalists, felt that Melnyk was reaction. For some. Communism presented a east had been severely hmited under Bol- France in the late nineteenth century, and not sufficiently forceful or dynamic as a vehicle for expression of national resent- shevik rule. Even more irritating to many propagated in Ukraine in the twenties by leader. The division into two factions result- ment. Even those who were never moved by East Ukrainians was the emphasis placed on people. Dmitro Donslov. it first caught on as a ed in the loss of lives and energy as the two the Communist appeal were often impressed "purity" of the Ukrainian According movement among the youth of Galicia and sides battled with each other. This consider- by the success of Communist tactics. The to OUN leaders' beliefs, this "purity" had eventually became the ideology around ably weakened the nationalist movement, at triumph of Communism gave these tactics a been endangered by the intrusion of Russian - which OUN (Organization of Ukranian a time when united and decisive action was new authority. Basic to the new fashion of elements the physical immigration of Rus- Nationalists) was founded. most needed. party conflict was the assertion - complete- sians, and the penetration of Russian influ- Ukrainian culture and speech. In integral nationalism was based on the This broadening of ideology, however, ly compatible with the nationalist idea ot ences into Kiev, in 1941, the nationalists set about idea of "nation above all else". Belief in appeared at a relatively late stage in the "nation above all" - that the end justifies ot life the nation was the supreme value, toward historical development of Ukrainian integral the means. This policy became accepted radicaUy purging alien aspects in tl\e city. A certain number of local Ukrainians which all other values must be subordinated. nationalism. In line with their guiding prin- practice among the followers of OUN. At accepted this campaign enthusiast/caily, In the absence of a state which could be ciple of "nation above all else", the national- first its application was limited to non- sometimes carrying it further than the na- glorified as the bearer of the "national ists generally ignored all political considera- Ukrainians; only Polish and Soviet represen- tionalists themselves. Others, although Uk- ideal", Ukrainian nationalists utilized the tions which fell outside the boundaries of tatives were the targets of assassination at- rainian by background, had long been used idea of individuals sharing similar biological national interest. In contrast to their tempts. After the split in OUN the national- to employing the Russian language and as- characteristic and a common historical present-day counterparts who see the Uk- ists turned on one another and eventually sociating freely with persons of Russian development, to form their concept of the rainian liberation movement in the context even members of the clergy fell victim to the ethnic origin- Consequently, the "purifying" nation, and regarded language and culture, of universal freedom, the integral national- new trend in ruthlessness. Historians have process meant in many cases serious disrup- rather than political structure, to be the ists paid attention to circumstances beyond pointed out that, to some extent, this resort tion of their way of living and their social common element which held Ukrainians to- their own borders only insofar as their own to violence was due to the circumstances of the time. In view of the mass executions relationships. The loss of nationalist prestige gether in an organic whole. struggle for national survival was affected. carried out by the Nazis and the Commun- in Kiev allowed the Germans to sharply One cliracteristic of integral nationalism For the most part, the nationalists concern- ists, the sacrifice of a few more lives to curtail nationalist activities in December, was its^ subordination of rational thouglit to ed themselves with maintaining a state of attain important results seemed of little con- 1941 , without fear of significant reaction on the "intuitively correct" emotions. Emphasis almost premanent revolution. A continuous sequence. Yet the general blunting of moral the part of the inhabitants. was placed on action as opposed to thought, stream of sabotage and terrorists acts was sensibility, and the willingness of men to The nationalists also ran into problems in and will as opposed to reason. Not concern- designed to keep Poland and the Soviets undertake such actions could not liave pro- East Ukraine as a result of their preoccupa- ed with developing an analytic world view, from solidifying into their hold on Ukrainian gressed as rapidly had they not been indoc- tion with one goal, national liberation, witli- the nationalists often revealed a fantastic lands and evenutally, it was hoped, tliese trinated beforehand by an ideology wliich out taking into consideration the other romanticism and a reliance on myth in in- isolated manifestations of revolt would purported to furnish an idealistic justifica- pressing needs of the people. When tlte terpreting their past and present. This ir- merge into a large-scale national uprising. moved into East Ukraine, the achieving polit- tion for tlieir violence. Germans rationalist stance sometimes resulted in an More moderate methods of tlie removal of Communist witli the The integral nationalists played a key role vacuum left by inability on the part of the nationalists to ical change, such as compromise in developing Ukrainian consciousness, by direction resulted in a demand for positive understand and adapt to complex and crit- occupiers or efforts directe'd through "legal" The people rejected the Commun- the nationalists. continuing the tradition of struggle for in- programs. ical situations or to correct theories and channels, were rejected by ist regime as such, yet they were accustomed the nationalists dependence. They suffered, however, from a ideas which proved faulty when tried in Some of the theories of - through years of propaganda and planning the "leader principle", lack of a rational base upon which members practice. (their emphasis on from above - to the existence ol a fully subordination of the could rely once the initial burst of emotional In the 20s, nationalist groups were used and the concept of the formulated program which offered a long- the state), patriotism had subsided. By contrast, the as forums for discussion and development individual to the interests of liberation movement in the Ukraine today range goal, an explanation of the course of thought. In the thirties the in- approached fascism, and some aspects, such of critical instruc- has acquired a broader vision, of a signif- events, and a series of immediate activities of the.se groups had as their insistence on "racial purity", even tellectual tions. Unexplained orders and vague slogans doctrines, icantly more intellectual character, and en- lessened considerably. Nationalist writers went beyond the original Fascist compassing political but also social and were insufficient substitutes. Considerations wrote with complete self-assurance as to the in practice, the tactics of the nationalists economic considerations. of physical survival preceded any thoughts of their ideas, in a style recognisable were often quite ruthless. validity Ethnocentrism played a major role in of national expression. In order to understand Ukrainian integral its extensive use of pathos and poetic by integral nationalist ideology. An OUN leaflet This reality led to a broadening of con- however, it is necessary to look cliches. This literature was not aimed at nationalism, released in the spring of 1943 in Kharkov lent in integral nationalist ideology and a under which it develop- furthering understanding of human experi- at the circumstances emphasized the need for upholding the number of social and economic programs general deterioration in the ence, but tried simply to appeal to the ed. There was a purity of the Ukrainian language, and for were developed. This did not mean the reader. Action, war, and quality of political groups during the period emotions in the was cast aside; the attain- of resisting the intrusion of foreign elements on nationalist goal were glorified and presented as an between the two world wars. The victoo' violence Ukrainian Racism and anti-semitism, ment of Ukrainian independence remained Empire led some culture. expression of the superior biological vitality Communism in the Russian although not intrinsic components of integ- the central value. But the nationalists to resort to extreme measures to of the nation. The model Ukrainian hero was elements of the East Uk- ral nationalism, occasionally entered into the realized that for the bulk and to copy its portrayed as a strong-willed, brave, and self- prevent its further spread, could be writings of nationalist authors in the course rainian population independence it. post-1918 peace respecting individual, with an unbending tactics in fighting The attainment of of their treatments of the idea of ethno- presented as a means to the - completely committed to the settlement was an attempt to satisfy the character other values, but not as an ultimate value in groups but centrism. of nationalism, and prepared to sacri- national aspirations of certain ideal The stress placed on ethnocentrism and itself. only to stimulate the naUonalism fice himself, and others, for the aims of the seemed on one leader alienated a number of Uk- Armstrong. Ukrainian movement. already growing among the peoples of the Sources: J. rainians, particularly in the East. The "leader AYiz/i - and the East Nationalism. 1. Lysiak-Rudnytsky. The nationalists strongly believed in the area. The West Ukrainians with principle" was alien to the native inhabitants of "national will" through a Ukrainian emigres who were associated htonyej.u expression and the slogan "Petliura, Konovalets, . - both these develop- charismatic leader and an elite of nationalist them suffered from Melnyk — three names, one idea" was at first ments. of moderate demands for enthusiasts. The split in OUN in 1940 into The denial STUDENT, Anniversary Issue: Page 31 "

in Response to M.Vyr\Hycl\uk

(No. 29. August 1974)

even more powerful pole of attraction as says that this programme "reads working-class, "Every epoch dreams its successor. when he and was bestowed with the fascists seized power in Italy and Ger- appropriate - Michelet almost point by point like the manifesto of social insecurity by the many, propagating the ideas of "the nation the Vietcong liberation front." powers-that-be (scorned as "aliens", article the last issue Vynnychuk's in of above all" and emulating virtues the of "fascists", etc., afforded little protection STUDENT reaches out to the problem of The most developed expression of the will, obedience and faith over those of of their right to jobs and fair wages). fails left turn of the OUN can be seen in the Ukrainian emigre politics, but to grasp democracy and rationality. (Mednycky That social insecurity was a malleable firmly. of a Tradition" is politics of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army it "The Decay points this out clearly in the last issue's basis for sudden right- or left-wing largely a subjecldvely oriented response to (UPA), the guerrilla army. Arising in the radi- article "Integral Nationalism". However, he forests calization. The political leadership the question at hand; it suffers from a lack of north-western Ukraine in 1943, was fails to characterize this ideology in motion quick to estabhsh community institutions of grounding in the historical and social the UPA represents the pinnacle of the within the Ukrainian historical experience.) that would raise nationally conscious experience of the nationalist movement. nationaUst movement, both in terms of Uk- It would be scientifically incorrect to programme rainians, that would assist the Ukramian I, too, will make my subjective disposi- and practice. characterize the OUN as fascist. It is cer- struggle internationally. tion toward this poUticaJ experience quite tainly appropriate, though, to examine the The famous UPA ideologues, Petro Pol- On the following point, clear, but this can only be fully explained Vynnychuk has impact of fascist ideology on the move- tava and Osyp Diakiv-Homovyj, hammered little to say. It is of prime importance in the context of the objective political for ment. Its influence is clearly visible. out the critical points of the nationalist the understanding of our community's practice of the Ukrainian nationalists and programme in their articles and pamphlets. politics today: the right wing of the nation- the historical experience that has projected The Second World War Among their statements were the follow- alist movement in emigration them toward decay and demise. achieved As the war unfolded on the Eastern ing: the Ukrainian nationalist movement hegemony over the community not so Today's youth finds little to attract it in front, the Ukrainian nationalist movement does not struggle against the Russian the pohtical organs of the various national- much because of factors internal to the encountered a series of contradictions in people; it struggles against the Russian ist factions, be they the Bandera or Mebiyk Ukrainian nationalist community (the social-political practice that did not square social and political £hte (Homovyj, The group, or the "Dviykari". And today's struggle between left and right), but be- with its ideology and programme. The Idea and the Deed, pp. 153-67); the Uk- youth is the most politicized generation cause the polilical process in North Ameri- OUN and the Western Ukrainian peasantry rainian vanguard seeks equality with and since the Second World War. Why do these can society, with far more powerful organs experienced in the most brutal manner the the hberation of all steer oppressed nations youth clear of the nationaUst Une? at its disposal, threw the mass Ukrainian advance of the Nazi armies. The Nazis (ibid., 99-135); the The answer can be pp. future sodety must found in the history and base behind that right wing. That political exploited the legitimate aspirations classless, free practice of the be of all exploitation and of these currents. process was McCarthyism; the group which Ukrainian people for justice and national oppression of national groups (P. Poltava, rode to hegemony on its tide was the In Western Ukraine equality by paying lip-service to these aims. "Koncepcia Ukrainskoyi Revolutsii"). "Banderivtsi". At the same time, the Nazi administra- Those who attacked the Marxists and As far as political programme is con- Like all other immigrant communities, tion apparatus (Reichskommissariat) order- the left-wing leadership cerned, Ukrainian nationalism in TUSM at last year's the 30's our group fell into the process of cultural ed political repressions, mass murders and CESUS congress in Toronto on these finds its origin in the reaction of left same deportations and pohtical assimilation. What does this social-democratic to the factories of the Reich. issues should do a bit of basic reading. parties of the early 20th mean? The average Ukrainian worker read This experience, amongst others, They'll find that century in Ukraine. The strategy provoked history teaches lessons adopted the daily paper, listened to radio, later by these a split in the OUN into a Melnyk (original more valuable than the instructions they ^oups in the revolutionary period watched spent leader) and Bandera got TV, and eight hours a day in failed to establish an independent (the "radical" alterna- from the OUN political heavies up- Uk- a factory. And the politics of the fifties, tive) factions. Melnyk wanted to maintain stairs. rainian state. The worker- and peasant- the a greater degree of ideology streaming through the North based parties coUaboration with the The process of the Ukrainian question led by \ettisl Ukrairuan intel- American press and German state; Bandera counselled reliance in actual struggle media, through the lectuals, mosi paiticulaily the participants threw up these and other "vJasm' labour leaderships, was the anti-communist in the Central on syly" (our own resources). contradictions in the nationalists' strategy Rada and the Petliura govern- ideology The next encounter of national of McCarthyism. ment, were unable to seize upon with complexity liberation. The war years pro- the mas- The McCarthy witch-hunt occurred in 1941 with the organization duced a political legitimized sive social crisis of the declining imperialist of current in the OUN that missions eastern the crudest anti-communist currents within powers and to forge OUN to Ukraine. Both had in fact been rejected at the organiza- a successful and en- Ukrainian nationahsm. factions dispatched units to cities in the tion's founding The latter's politics during revolution of national liberarion. in 1929 (there were, of east in order to mobilize course, were endorsed by the ruling political Western Ukraine consequently support for their differences between the left wings remained powers in bolstered struggle. These units (pokhidni hrupy) of both periods). North America and under Polish state domination, while the within the Ukrainian community by all the East bank was were confronted with a population whose The left wmg progressively differenti- swept away in the October charmels world-view, whose ated itself that reached the daily hfe of the Revolution and the ensuing aspirations had been until the 19S0's, its emigr6 civil war. Ukrainian immigrant. (Captive Nations much affected by 20 years of Soviet rule. representatives maintaining As far as a mass is the primary base concerned, the Week proclamations, for example, have Possessing a healthy hatred for the Stalinist link with the embattled ful- nationalist movement sought it UPA in Ukraine, primarily in filled this function.) system, the workers and peasants of East- (Read Poltava's the peasantry of Western Ukraine, the debates with Bandera in The left vs. right debate was brought em Ukraine included social and political the early fifties for a closer to origins of most of our parents. Their look). The rights in their concept of a just society. history of an abrupt resolution by the pohtical leadership core was drawn from the left wing in emigration can nationalist chmate of the time. The goal of "an independent Ukraine, and be traced in the political The newspaper intellectuals and students, whose social circles of May- we'll worry about the social system after strenko and Bahrianyj "Vpered" folded, as d'id almost every left- origins are to be found in the petit- and the revolu- we have our own flag" was simply not tionary newspaper wing paper and journal in North America. bourgeois and clerical strata of the urban "Vpered". enough. These In 1959, the Association for the Libera- population. pressures (and revelations) upon the nationalist units found their con- tion of Ukraine organized rallies to de- The Ukrainian nationalist movement crete expression in the Third Extraordinary nounce and mark as traitors all those who soUdified organizationally la the free world of in 1929 under Congress of the OUN in 1943. when a supported the Ukrainian struggle from a the name of the McCarthyism Organization of Ukrainian growing left-wing current pushed through a left-wing perspective (see On Trial Before Nationalists (OUN). Its programme social the Ukrainian Emigration: "National re- programme for the organization and The Ukrainian emigration to the Com- jected the west socialist currents of the munism", Khvylovism its early endorsed statements rejecting fascism, the was integrated as part of and Propagators! part of the the labour century and leaned heavily on ideal of the New York. Publication of the United Com- heroic leader (vozhd') and market, receiving, as all emigrant groups the example and ideology of Western stating open support for in the do, mittee, 1959. in Ukrainian). The principal democracy the most meagre returns for its labour. European fascism. The latter became targets were an fullest sense. Vynnychuk does not err The community was overwhelmingly Bahrianyj and Maystrenko, labelled as traitors, sphtters of the com- munity, carriers of ideas "Alien to the Ukrainian people'. The Bandera-OUN thus rode to dom- inance in the community on the wave of Cold War anti-communism. Professional politicians exploited the Ukrainian ques- tion as an anti-communist tool against those who struggled for social justice m the West. The Ukrainian right wing, in mutually parasitic relationsliip, received the endorse^ ment of the continental powers (Nixon's Captive Nations Week proclamation, poli- ticians duping Ukrainians to vote for them by talking about the international com- munist conspiracy).

Along come the sixties, the hippies, the commies and the plot to

fluoridate our drinking water . . .

The decade of the sixties saw a new rise in revolutionary movements, east and west. Vietnam took on America, Ireland strug- gled against the British ruhng class, African movements erupted against Portuguese colonialism.

Page 32: STUDENT, Anniversary Issue The radicalization of youth in the West resulted A quasi-fascist from a combination of these inter- regime in Chile, in the pay of national processes with ideological and American corporate interests, assassinates social crises 'at home'. In North American thousands of leftists and work- the ers in the Santiago process of radicalization expressed it- soccer stadium. The self WACL Conference in the Vietnam rallies and demonstra- in Washington in April tions, 1974 (Worid the university strikes, the Qu6bdcois Anti-Communist League, of which nationalist movement, the revolt of ABN is a member), called, no doubt, to discuss the America's black peoples. This politicization issue of political prisoners, again seated a Senator differentiated itself into a hardened who is a member of the Chilean left wing (in the vast majority allying itself junta. The speech to this con- with ference was entitled the non-Stalinist left) and a stratum "The Salvation of which turned to nihilism, hard drugs and Freedom in Chile". And the mysticism. The latter group was a product Ukrainian nationalists ask why of the demoralization of radicalized youth we are leftists, why we are consistent at the turn of the seventies. radicals, why we have nothing to do with their in the early seventies, inflation and un- brand of politicking. These "patriots" employment sparked the renewed radicali- did not even have the courage to denounce President zation of workers fighting for their living Nixon, who last year sat beiiind standards and political rights (France 1968, closed doors with Brezhnev, negotiating Greece 73, Spain - the Basques, the the suppression of popular movements British miners" strike of 1974). from Vietnam to Ukraine. The Soviet and East European countries Yaroslav Stets'ko and Co. enhst the also streamed into this upsurge. After post- "support" of this international gang of war reconstruction, the economy of the dictators and butchers. Dictators like Franco, butchers USSR went into a slowdown in growth rate like those of the Chilean junta. Whose interests (1954); this resulted in aggravated social does this relation- ship serve? tensions (lack of consumer goods, low Certainly not the interests wages, rising prices) and workers' strikes of the Uk- rainian people! Let Stets'ko explain to the (Kiev Hydroelectric Station in 1969 over people who support housing conditions, Kiev machine building this ABN operation what he's trying to do. plant of 10.000 in May 1973 over cuts in wage premiums). At the same time, the And why don't all those who are asso- national question in the non-Russian re- ciated with such "pohtruckmg", Uke publics and the issue of democratic rights Askold Lozynsky. newiy "elected" head of became focal points for dissident intel- U.S. lectual activity. TUSM, lay their cards on the table? To campaign against the spectre of com- The radicalization of munism in the Ukrainian community is as Ukrainian youth in the West easy as rolling out of a wedding. Explaining your own politics, before the members of The Ukrainian left as we know it in the TUSM (including those West was the combined product of the recruited a day before your election) will not be general youth radicalization and the rise of so easy. Some of the self-styled radicalization in the Soviet Ukraine. ideologues of Ukrainian nationalism have found it Ukrainian youth underwent a socializa- appro- priate to hack tion which stamped national identity away at this "phenomenon prominently of leftism" in the community: the news- upon them. They were nationalists, and that the issues they fight where we differ with the nationalist leader- paper "America", streamed, organizationally, into Roman Rakhmanny, the anti- for (national equality, social justice) are ship. That is why we reject it. press organs of the communist politics around the Ukrainian OUN-Banderivtsi. to the same as those of national liberation The Spanish regime question under Franco assas- name a few. without taking the time (or movements elsewhere. sinated Basque revolutionaries, fighters for Vet they command ever-decreasing having much opportunity) to make a more the national liberation of their people. respect independent choice as to the means of Why we reject among Ukrainian youth. That is ABN, headed by Yarostav Stets'ko, holds what Vynnychuk means defending the Ukrainian struggle. Two pro- the nationalist leader^ip in "The Decay of conferences with Sanchez BeJia, Spanish a Tradition", Let them enter the debate in cesses hastened that choice for one section Those who parade the spectre of "com- Minister of Information (1971 a of Ukrainian youth. ABN-EFC more intelligent manner, one which The radicalization in munist infiltrators" before us have ap- Conference, Brussels). shows that they did the North American schools brought us in fact live through the parently been living in total isolation for The Ukrainian nationalists say "Freedom many political crises of the into contact with radicals. past. Many were the past twenty years. Those who shout for Ukraine!", "Democracy for the Uk- Let our history be discussed as it literally surprised to learn that not all was the slogan "Ukrainian truth" at us should rainian people!", "National Equahty!" But written by all who made it, not just radicals are K.GB agents, that the issues as it and find out the truth about the struggle in they look at the struggle of the Qu^becois, has been re-written and stamped with they fight for are just. Secondly, those who Ukraine. the IRA, the African revolutionaries and nationahst orthodoxy. became involved in the issue of Ukrainian The youth of today.possessakeen sense say "Communist Infiltrators!" And, if indeed we are to political prisoners "revive the (particularly the Moroz of justice and have put their bodies in the The nationaUsts call for the inde- democratic traditions in the case) Ukrainian decided to investigate the politics of streets many times to show it. That sense pendence of Ukraine. Yet that same con- community", as Vynnychuk has stated, those whom they were defending. Many of justice arises in reaction to oppression ference seated General Vanuxem, former then let the discussion take place in open, were genuinely surprised to learn that not and injustice everywhere. It is a consistent commander of French troops in Vietnam public forums. We Indians want to choose all Ukrainian dissidents are right-wing application, not a selective^ one. That is and Algeria. the cliiefs. Taras Lehkyj

LEADERS OF THE iilNTA saluting after Santiago church service in honor o* Chilean 'Independence Day.'

Decay of tradition-

(coniimieJ fr am f>af;e 30)

and an "izmyennik Rossiyi". It does not long harangue against the What begins as healthy, instinctive reaction Two World Views limitations of the a to cross seem these people's minds that Ukrainian press in Canada and its re- only later and gradually develops its intel- The basic political division between the Kuznetsov might be a generous and under- actionary views, from one representative of lectual justification. young and old seems to be at the moment a standing person with progressive, democratic this press came the comment, almost as a One young group has stated that "its to fight the regime. views. question of how But, for (Ironically, Kuznetsov has a Ukrainian flash of revelation: primary goal is to rehabilitate the concept of ail the reasons given above, the difficulty of mother, speaks excellent Ukrainian and, in "There is, when you think about it, politics within the Ukrainian community . . . cooperation between the two generations private discussions, has admitted that he nothing wrong with socialists. I mean look at this is a prerequisite for any serious political amounts to more than a simple political feels more Ukrainian than Russian.) Franko, look at the two advisors to our late work. We will try to revive the democratic ." division. Sometimes it seems to be a conflict Tiie feeling one gets upon walking into a archbishop. . . traditions within the Ukrainian com- of world views. room of older people planning a political Or another earnest and puzzled question munity." Recently, for example, at a meeting it action of some sort is not merely an ideo- that reduces one to" helplessnesss; "As 1 At present tliey draw their inspiration was suggested that Kuznetsov be approached logical aversion — it is more usually a sense understand it, you are interested in neo- from the liberation struggle going on in the to write an introduction of a couple of pages of the utter hopelessness of any sane dis- Marxism?" Ukraine - not from the example of the to the translated writings of Moroz. His cussion. How does one explain that many of the politicians. emigre „ Vynnychuk name was rejected because he was a Russian I remember one experience where after a most radical students have never read Marx.

STUDENT, Anniversary Issue: Page 33 Letters to the editor (No. 31. January 1975)

how grateful they should be to name of Ukraine. Ukrainians and the thousands dead. We above all should 5) that the executive consider for I am writing to you aboui a very Chile such national liberation struggle in Ukraine know what fascial is about, and extend publication the report prepared by the serious matter thai was recently Pinochet who delivered them from into the worst type of Tilth. Let me our warmest support to its victims.) commission inquiry. Ibeproceedsof brought to my attention by a member an evil fate. of several assure you that this escapade by the I propose that you raise this the sale this report given in aid of the Chilean resistance who had to This occui^red in October, of be of Argentinian ABN has left few people in question with your executive and adopt the Chilean Chilean escape the country several weeks weeks after the putsch. It is not resistance, to into detail about the Chile sympathetic to the Ukrainian the following course of action: refugees. ago to save his life The matter concerns necessary go - cause. \)thai ihe SUSKexecuiiveesiahlisliaii 1 realize that within the Ukrainian the aetivitics of the Argentinian Ukrai- situation in Chile, you know it as well as I think this is an extremely serious ad hoc comniission of inquiry ii> look community this will be very much an nian ABN* group. I do. Let us just sumari/.e Pinochet's matter which deserves a response not into this mailer. this l unimissimi 'explosive' issue that there will Shortly after the Chile Military achievement after a few days in power; and be only from individuals, but from Ukrai- examine iliis question in some depth pressure on SUSK to avoid taking such putsch, the above mentioned Ukrainian 30,000 executed, and 50.000 im- nian organizations committed to (eg. read the articles of Metcurio — the a course of action. But it is exactly this group sent a delegation to welcome prisoned. Chile is a small country. If we democracy and ju.slice. I also think the official newspaper of the Junta, etc.) kind of reticence to openly Pinochet's arrival to power. It was a take these figures and compare what condemn — voice of organized Ukrainian students 2) liwt this report be studied hi tlie scandalous political that large delegation (Ukrainian national the equivalent would be for Ukraine behaviour has must be heard on this issue. World executive, and on the basis ihii led to a situation where the Argentinian costumes, flags, cic.) 150,000 murdered, and 250.000 im- of public opinion, and in particular the report a resolution he drawn and actions unchallenged. I Ttie delegation thanked Pinochet prisoned — that is in a few days! Stalin ABN's remain Chilean people must be informed thalx passed by the executive. will boldly for saving Chile 'from chaos", and would be green with envy. hope your executive act to there are other Ukrainians who sym- eventual resolution pleaded with that "great man" to The fact that the Argentinian ABN 3) that any correct this state of affairs. pathize support their fight against circulated to intervene on the world arena on behalf went out of its way to welcome the and adopted, be other Ukrai- B.K. the military junta resolutely con- nian organizations inviting to sign of Ukrainian political prisoners, and butcher Pinochet to power, and solicit and them former SUSK president action of Argentinian the resolution this includes the the Ukrainian cause in general. The his support deserves unequivocal con- demn the the (and delegation received massive publicity demnation from all Ukrainians with a ABN who have no right to speak in the various .wlidariiy-defense conimitiees}. of the nation. thai the resolution sent to all — television, newspaper coverage etc. modicum of democratic consciousness. name Ukrainian (The 4) he this is that Ukrainian nation, unlike many, has political groups the Chilean It was of course very convenient for The tragedy of situation of ABN Ami-hoblwnli Bine of Nutlmu resistance, Pinochet to have such a delegation these people speak on behalf of the had a bitter taste of fascist invasion and also he released to the world arrive and explain to the population of 'whole Ukrainian nation' and drag the with millions deported, hundreds of press.

Ukrainians ask Pinochet to defend (No. 31, January 1975)

For over a year the Chilean people have period. Augusto Pinochet has been officially him work there for his 'chosen' regime. been suffering under the most heinous milita- named "chief of the nation." Perhaps such a htimanitarian and positive ry oppression. The Chilean Junta after over- He announced that he would rule for five stand by general Pinochet will have a great throwing the Allende government in a bloody years and perhaps even longer, thus dispel- effect on the future of Ukrainian political a state of and coup, announced emergency, ling any ideas of a return to some form of prisoners in the USSR. Chile, by defending stated that it would continue for an indefinite democratic government. these prisoners in the Soviet Union, becomes our ally in the fight for human rights for all During July and August of this year, the those who are being harrassed in Ukraine. Junta stepped up its program of arresting Therefore, Ukrainians in the Free W orld tbrmer UP* supporters. The government has should support the action which general secret service — — the ^et up a new DINA Pinochet has proposed, freedom for Soviet Board of National Anti—Communist Investi- and Cuban politicaL prisoners! gations. The newly appointed assistant

director of DINA, Walter RaufT, is a former This approach of the Ukrainians to the Gestapo Colonel. Rauff is held responsible Chilean Junta on behalf of Horoz can only be surpassed by the collaboration of some for the deaths of thousands in Poland, Yugo- Ukrainians with fascist Germany during the slavia, and Ukraine. He was in charge of second World War. To approach a government mobile gas chambers for the Central Office that has consistently sinne it came into for the security of the Reich, head of the power, refused to allow basic democratic concentration camps at Ravenshruck and rights to the Chilean people, is abhorent. Ravenstein, and later director of the security

police in Tunisia and Milan.

The achievments tiiese two men are ^^"^

numerous. After just a few days in power, . # 30,000 were executed and another 50,000 imprisoned. The DINA continuously search- es for militant workers, peasants, and intel- lectuals, who are ideologically in opposition to the present regime. The living standards of the Chilean people have been consistent- ly worsening even though foreign imperialist powers have been sending economic aid to the Junta. Unemplo; nent is at a record high at 20% which is the highest unemployment This kind of opportunism on the part of the rate since the 1930*8. Junta and the Delegation can not be support- The reason that these atrocities in Chile ed by any Ukrainians in the Free World who are being presented now, is because it has believe in the basic ideas of human and de- come to the attention of the Ukrainian com- mocratic rights. In fact all Ukrainians should munity in North America that a group of openly condemn this action and give their Ukrainians had approached the Chilean Junta support to the resistance in Chile, which is and asked them to come out in defence of fighting to overthrow this Fascist regime. Valentyn Moroz and other political prisoners. We Ukrainians have more in common with the They congratulated Pinochet on the first an- resistance, and can be sure that the support niversary of the overthrow of the Allende from them would be a principled and sincere government. defence rather than a political ploy by a government to exploit the issue for its own As reported in "Homin Ukrainy," it sounds gains. that the Ukrainian representatives condone LP. the actions of the Chilean Junta in their bloody overthrow of the government in 1973. *UP - UNIDAD POPULAR In the final paragraphs of the article, they give an excuse of why they approached the A unity of ditierent paities vtbich lormed Chilean Junta. "If someone does not like the government in Chile be/ore the coup. It the existing regime in Chile, let him go to a ranged from members of the Communist Party country whose re^me he agrees with, and let to memb^ of the Christian Democratic Party.

Page 34-. STUDENT, Anniversary Issue field in Europe in the cause of by the KGB into the Ukrainian ary roads, tomds the deqnaae imperialism by flying the Irish flag student movement." This fiction of politics of terrorism. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR over its recruiting centres, Promise a few uninformed diehards who And it is the task of them 100 Ukrainian have nothing better (No. 32, February 1975) recuirts today, to do than to youth to above afl issierscand tie and they'll fly look for excuses for the blue and gold. their own Jynamics and compinrties orf the Europe, Russians, deserters East For us, the task of national libera- failures, is presumably a slander rish struggle, to The last CESUS ^^ «ith it Congress held in the Red Army. The Ukrainian from tion is^the task of that social class against the left wing of the Ukrain- wholeheartedly, and -Toronto was an instructive in m \ bam lesson nationalists today have conven- ian which will fight for its whole free- student organisations in North its lessons. the attitudes To the Brrfeh studentx of Ukrainian national- forgotten this past, and have iently dom,- and nothing less, for the America. (and North American) we ist youth towards : A the Irish struggle. under the rug the finest swept interests of all the oppressed layers But someone has already said: Free Ukraine — YESl But-tfeaSnm Re-affirming the fact that national- traditions of the struggle during the of its one all. "The IRA, nation, or no at We the FRELIMO, the for whom? Tbs Shcheibitritys -or ism, as an ideological within current in order to re-assert the most war do not see national liberation as the striking workers in Quebec are infil- the student the Ukrainian vmrlcers 2nd peas- youth is more a pro- elements of Ukrainian reactionary nationalists do — the task of all trated by Stalinists". Does this ants? duct of their socialisation than a nationalism. It bears its fruit in classes of the nation — like one big make the positions of solidarity What kind of rwofaition far consciously forged and indepen- ra- Chile today. is with these happy family. This the basic struggles less valid? Does tional liberation; a 3»ct»firt»itsicY dently embraced ideology, the pre- And the last CESUS Congress difference between us. this statement, this catch-all clause coup d'etat for an independera sentation by the Irish Republican revealed the reactionary poli- again British students have an impor- deny that national oppression daily Stalinist Ukraine? An ftgN cotrfflr- speaker and the film on Mozam- tics that covers this forgotten revo- hangs tant task to carry out in defending over the head of the Irish, ence for a new Chile? bique aroused interest and hesita- Or a revolu- lutionary tradition. The Ukrainian the Irish struggle, in correcting Mozambique, Quebecois the masses? tion of the woriong ckts tion on the part of many, but little socialists and Marxists at the Con- image made by our nationalist Does this phrase absolve you of the and , peasantry, in their tmn outright opposition to the legiti- , were the only group to defend gress "leaders" like Slave Stetski in Chile, duty of going forward and fighting in their own ri^t? What kind macy of these issues. cS this revolutionary cur- and present that the Ukrainian people have re- for a correct strategy for the na- solidarity with the Where socialisation had united in rent during and after the Second ceived. resolutions tional liberation Jhe of the last movements, Ukraine? A stticdarity i7f their nationalism with political Stava War. The OUN-ivtsi could do World meeting of British Ukrainian stu- against its slanderers? Indeed it is Stetsko, General FinutJiei, ?enchEz reaction, anti-communism and con- more than red bait and name because of no dents were again notable in their the absence of such Bella? Or a scdidarity of a!) servatism, the Irish speaker spoke - Ukrain- our politics 'foreign' to the disregard for this cause. The only efforts that these struggles in trodden peoples and of a revolutionary nationalism; a ds^asstrst people. Much in the same way Ukraine, ian new addition we see Is the resolu- Ireland and so many other all oppression? Solidantv with the struggle for national I iberation emigration as the nationalists in tion "condemning the infiltration countries, have been shunted off British Army or Solidarity withtle through the destruction of classes were denouncing the politics of upon reformist paths, upon illusion- Irish struggle? in Irish society which maintain this Hornovyj and Poltava, leading oppression. Where nationalism in members of UPA as 'alien and the Ukrainian emigration was tied foriegn to the Ukrainian people' as to the interests of a variety of early as 1950. semi-fascist states and dictatorships Ukrainian socialists stand on the {such Spain, Chile, Taiwan), the position of defense of the Irish HTsh Repuoncan identified these struggle against British imperialism dictatorships of the as the enemies as a logical application of our gen- Irish struggle, as the opponents and eral position of the ri ght of all LETTERS AND OPINIONS subjugators of oppressed peoples. nations to their self-determination. His speech even struck (No. 34, Decemtter J975J disharmony And this self-determination is not with the Cfiauvinist chord of right of the type that grants the British nationalism — wing an Irish revoiu- Army free reign over the Irish tionary takes the floor to engage workers, farmer, and fisherman. the time and intellect of four Furthemore, we stand on the posi- hundred Ukrainians at a nationalist tion that only through the efforts congress of students! of the working class of these op- And yet this event heralds a new pressed nations will their national period in the search for new politics liberation be assured; only in de- by nationally conscious youth. It is, feating the social class t/iar op- above all, the search for a new presses them as a nation and as world view, a new politics, a logic wage labourers will the Irish people, of perspectives that synthesizes the the Ukrainian people, the Quebe-, sympathies of this group for the cois be free peoples. In the words by Vera Umn^re struggle of the opposition in Soviet of Ivan Dzyuba, "The national Myron Spelfkf Ukraine on the one hand, and the question is a social question as well, struggle of oppressed peoples and a question of political class stra- classes throughtout the world on tegy". in [he lasi year various groups and Anyone who has a minimal un- expressed concern fer liie slMe -ol individuals have attacked Student for derstanding of the events in Chile democracy in Chile AitidniBlitnteit the other. Ukrainian nationalism of Just as we do not expect the have the priming articles which condemned the following the coup by Pinochet will not expressed cooccoi liiai OUN type fails to meet this Irish ovmers of industry and the visits of the Argentinian Moro-^ Com- be surprised by this. The junta has groupings within thr I ^- challenge of synthesis^ It is bound commanding heights of Orangeism mince and of members of the Anti- repressed not only Communists, but community, and is ijaajoaim. bandcrivtsi. have ^ by anti-communism Wfhich sees to break their ties of sustenance BKOLSHEVIK Bloc of nations to the activists of all political grouping which con^cenusd (-^tan)

Chilean junta, (see Student v. 8 no. 3 ). are opposed to it. Nothing the very concepts of dcmeciary ja Moscow behind every national with British and international capi- 1 The attacks have come from the demonstrates this more clearly than the approaching thit lepasme th^soc liberation movement, by anti- tal, and thereby "lead the national Organization of Ukrainian trials of Christian Democrats for On the one iatad. bavc tbe

l ir- liberation intellectua ism, authoritarianism, sturggle", we do not ex- Nationalists-Banderivtsi and from the "subversive activity". This illustrates bandcrivtsi making daiiBs dboul the rationalism, an'S blinded by tts pect the Shcherbltskys and bureau- Argentinian Moroz Committee. the broad opposition to the Junta: liberation of Ukraijw liogn Student initially, following the coup, the totalitarianism, and esifae chauvinistic exclusivity and back- crats in Ukraine to severe their The articles published in Chris- tian (his group has consHMfn iTy .pJwrf initially attacked the above two groups Democrats had maintained a - wardness it sees no reason to look allegiances with the central Moscow for developing relations with this neutral position towards the junta. the most repressivc^tmeamicmsorthc beyond its own backyard. world bureaucracy. Their interests are of a Chilean junta, which has come to It must be further illustrated that for support for Utek cdutc. We Why is it that the logic of OUN particular class character - what- power illegally by overthrowing the the press in Europe and North America consider that this (arm of undemocratic politics the Argenti- emigre nationalism favours the op- ever national sentiments appear, democratically-elected government of has widely attacked the Chilean junta nian Committee and in Salvadorc Allcnde. It was the position for over-throwing a democratically |)1.0 pressor in all struggles but its own? such as did with Shelest. are the bandcrivtsi of the published articles and letters to elected government, for repressing cannot be accepted tryfbe When the Ukrainian Insurgent dimensions of manoeuvre between the editor in Student thai the contacts social, political and human rights, for Ukrainian commuaity. Tfacte fiaiiucs are Army organised the armed struggle bureaucratic factions, not motivat- and the requests that this totalitarian arresting approximately 50.000 lor dangerous to tiic canumimty some form of "subversive" activity, must be rejected. In of the Ukrainian people against ed by sentiments of justice and government under General Pinochet for of Valcntyn Moroi executing a countless number of in- for publishing artidcs itak-iog a German imperialism and the Stalin- equality. intercede on behalf dividuals democratic position Ibe were in fact an act of support of this with court trials and with an queai^ ef ist armies in 1943, it did so in the And to the Irish worker — what government. closed court trials, and for totally Chile, the banderivisi the national liberation ruining the economy of what was Committee of Argasiim interests of difference does it make to him to Absolutely no attempt was made once « among the more prosperous countries their true anli-dcmociatic lAoes. against all imperialisms - British sell his wage labour to an Irish by these two groupings to Justify their The UknuniancmoNfliaa'eulfiMfe actions in light of the criticism. Among in Latin America. Wc arc not speaking included. It raised its battle cry as industrialist in of a "free" state of Ukraine which is iButdvod to the Ukrainian newspapers which did here of simply the left-wing press, but of ibc the common cry of all oppressed Irish capital British struggle for the libcfaboo or to the capi- attack Student were Homin Ukrainy of 'respectable' magazines such as Time, of ULcsine must learn once and Sai nations ~ Irish included. The UPA talist in today's state? What differ- Toronto, Americj) of Philadelphia. Newsweek, Der Speigel. Le Monde, uSi thai ma basis of and others. actions must be was not formed on the ence, after all, does it make Shilakh Peremohy of Munich, as well democratic prinoploi. as the Ukrainian Central Council of The Argentinian statements ac- We £aa «et national chauvinism, exclusiveness whether the workers and peasants cuses the editors of Student of being in accept any dcpanurc«£remihi£(miu^ im- Argentina. and collaboration with German of Soviet Ukraine their pie Even more hxcshly, we are denied Following the trend of the above the pay of the Soviet KGB. They claim must positions it reject- condemn the attcmius. {utile, perialism. These collective and democratic control newspapers, the Ukrainian Central that the Student articles sabotaged et the bandcrivtsi led by ^- Sici«ko ed outright, and in rejecting them over the productive process at the Council or Argentina (UCCA) their attempts to discredit the Kremlin. and Ihnat Bilinsky to iaolfflfd ihou: simple red-baiting. In approaching the Chilean Junta in the built its political tradition in oppo- hands of responded by The an all-Soviet bureaucracy, individuals and ^oopt vba have statement attacked in particular the manner that it did. the Argentinian sition to chauvinist and authori- or at the hands all-Ukrainian criticized of an the Committee as well as the ABN have in these anU- Student response to newspapers. tarian nationalisms. In their place it' bureaucracy elements. They cannot ignaEcthe^acl in an "independent" The article in Student had given u fact discredited themselves. To use only that the community has acceded forwarded the slogans of national Stalinist accounting of the political, an example, it is equated to the £ Ukraine? An independent- factual at least the principle of dcmocmcy. if of, economic conditions in Chile approaches of Stalinists to the Soviet liberation, social emancipation from-Moscow Ukrainian elite would social and (Student, Union, or of the approaches of in- not social and political »|u^y. Hoal- the workers and peasants and the following the coup. v.8 build more Shevchenko monuments dividuals ly, they must recognitt Ifa£:princip1eef no.32). during World War Two to armed struggle as the road of the all pluarlity of vien's in the the more to mystify and oppress The Argentinian statement claims Hitler. To accuse Student of being subsidised without attempting \a aifie.ihcm in In its ranks the revolutionary masses. the Ukrainian masses) Much in the that the information received by Stu- by KGB is to also say the communist." same for the other world press which order to sustain their own persoual^nd we find not only Ukrainians, but same way as the British army dent was from an "active group siaius quo in the community. mentioned the letter had similar positions, including the Tatars, Uzbeks, Azerbaydzhanis, smashed In panicular. they the Easter uprising in press We. for one. reject (he aucmpts by to the editor published in Student v.8 of the melnykivtski and other Jews, deserters from Nazi divisions Dublin in 1916 at Ukrainian groupings. Stetsko and company to the same time no.31 and in fact.thc refugee referred to State in In all of the the Ukrainian comm unities'JcadcFship. organized by the German luring hapless Irish to the battle- in B.K.'s letter wasa'radical Christian'. newspapers, authors

STUDENT, Anniversary Isstierftige^ Mrs. Slava Stetsko, editor of Ukrainian Rtview, editor-in-chiaf of "With Friends Like That, Correspondence of the Anti- Bolshevik Bloc Netifin (ABN) and leading light of that organiza- tion, together with Mrs. M. Poioz, representative of Ukrainian organi- cal, social anB" economic conquests. To leave the field open for Mrs. zations in Argentina, fast December On September 11, 1973, the Stetsko to recount the truth (i.e. visited the Chilean military Junta in Chilean army carried out the coup Pinochefs truth) about Chile would Santiago to plead with d'etat which it was planning for be criminal negligenco on the part 'Butcher' Pinochet to stand up in months. President Salvador Allende -of those Ukrainians with a real defence of civil rights in the USSR. died resisting the fascist troops in commitment to democracy and so- That Mrs. Stetsko went to Chile the Moneda Palace, the Presidential cial justice. It is a duty to present after the coup is not surprising. It is residence. A period of savage re- the 'achievements' of General Pino- an old habit of ABN to cuddle up pression opened up. chet and his gang, and to expose to fascist and right-wing dictator- Here is how the correspondent before the Ukrainian public exactly ships, and to plead with these of Newsweek (a not-so left-wing with whom ABN marches-in de- 'genttemen'^o defend civil rights In nagazine) described some events fense of civil rights. Ukraine. Examples: - the participa- mmediately following the coup: tion of the Spanish Minister of Sanchez Bella In an Information, "Last week, I slipped through a ABN Conference in 1971; - the Pinochet's Coup side door into the Santiago city participation of General Vanuxem, morgue, flashing my junta press

former commander of French pass with all the impatient troops in Algeria In the same con- authority of a high official. One Mrs. Stetsko, ABN, Homin ference; — Chiang-kai-Chek of For- hundred and fifty dead bodies mosa; - Dictator Park of South Ukrainy, Banderivtsi and were laid out on . the ground Melnikivtsi, all love democracy and Korea; — the racist Enoch Powell, floor, awaiting identification by 'constitutional' government. But etc. etc. all 'friends' of Ukraine and family members. Upstairs, I pass- this-did not stop them from sup- eulogized in ABN literature. ed through a swing door and porting the coup. as UkrainV But Homin here in a dimly lit corridor lay at The Popular Unity government (1.2-1975) tried to explain in an least fifty more bodies, squeezed headed by President Salvador article entitled 'More Attention to one against another, their heads students Allende came to power through Student Matters', when propped up against the wall. democratic criticize such actions they exhibit a elections in September They were all naked. lack of "independent understanding 1970. Allende won 36 per cent of Most had been shot at close and defense of the national interest the popular vote, the closest range under the chin. Some had runner-up, of the Ukrainian people," they fall Alessandri, received 34 been machine-gunned in the under the Influence of a "foreign per cent of the~vote. Mrs. Stetsko {Svoboda- 12. 2. 1975): body. Their chests had been split system of thinking". Explain to us, "My conclusion is this; there is no visible terror in Chile" open and swen together grotes- Homin Ukrainy how a refusal to quely in what^ presumably had sink into the mire of international been a pro forma autopsy. They reaction, as ABN has done, repre- were all young and, judging from sents an 'abandoning' of Ukrainian the roughness of their hands, all interest. Explain to us also how from the working class. A couple - attacking fascism and repressive dic- March, a legal coup d'etat was no -of them Were girls, distinguish- latoTships Ino matter where they ionger possibfe since the two thirds able among the massed bodies are found) is "foreign" to Ukrain- majority required to achieve the only by the curves, of their ian thinking. constitutional impeachment of the breasts. Most of their heads had According to Homin Ukrainy President could not be reached. The been crushed. I remained for and other Ukrainian newspapers of Right then understood that the perhaps two minutes at most, the same ilk, to work with fascist electoral way was exhausted and then left. and reactionaries in som^ sort of ^ that the way which remained was Workers at the morgue have defense of civil rights is good that of force." This has been con- been warned that they will be 'Ukrainian patriotism' and is firmed by one of the main promo- court-martialled and shot if they tirely acceptable if one understands j ters of the coup, the Air Force reveal what Is going on there. the need to put 'Ukraine first'. General Gustavo Leigh, who told But the women who go in to the correspondent in Chile of the look at the bodies say, there^ere Corr/ere della Sera (8.1 1.K73) that between 100 and 150 on the

ground, floor everyday. I Ukraine First — But How? "we began preparations for the And overthrow of Atlende in March was able to obtain an official 1973, immediately after the legisla- body-count from the daughter tive elections." of a member of its staff: by the But these people are not really fourteenth day following the This of course is not an isolated so naive; they are entirely conscious coup she said, the morgue had account; Western newspapers report of the role they play in aligning received, and processed 2796 dozens and dozens of horrifying themselves with certain social and corpses." (quoted in The Times, reports of the savagery of the re- political forces, and the 'Ukraine 5.10.1973) pression. first' policy does not absolve them For over a year now, Chile has from the implications of. this. Thus, been ruled by in Chile Mrs. Stetsko promised the a military junta headed by General Pinochet. This Junta: "In my future appearances, I has been will recount the truth about^your a year filled with massa- cres, summary firing wonderful country and will make executions, squads, beatings, tortures, all ';flijrt to contradict the distorted massive picture which Marxist enemies arrests, disappearances, the burning -of books, and spread throughout the world." Pinochet* 'Iriend' of political prisoners in' the USSR. curfews. Even the iSvoboda, 12.2.1975) No, these skeptics and cynics have to bow before the facts: 'tactical' alignments in 'aid' of 30,000 executed, Ukraine are not 50,000 Imprisoned. Those who without implica- On coming to power, the Al- have gone underground to flee this -tions, they are not outside of the lende government initiated a pro- hell must be counted in tens of historical movement of world gramme of sorely needed social and thousands. The workers who have forces. Furthermore, the particular economic reform. If a criticism of lost their force jobs because they are with which ABN chooses to the Allende government is to be suspected of align anti-government Views itself will accelerate the libera- made, it would have to be that the and have been thrown into tion forces in poverty, I no country - least of reforms undertaken did not go far or even on the verge of starvation, all Ukraine. enough. The reforms far from must be counted in the hundreds of And yet when other Ukrainians alienating the mass of the working thousands. seek a principled alliance with ele- population, increased the govern- If a criticisn. oi Allende Is to be ments which are consistently op- ment's popularity. The government made, it would also have to be that posed \o oppression, such as Phil saw its electoral percentage increase Allende's illusions about the 'neu- Berrigan jnd others like him who to 44 per cent in the legislative trality' of the army prevented defend him civil rights East and West, in elections of March 1973. and his government from taking the USSR, Vietnam, and Latin It was this development that measures (e.g. dismissing leading America, well that is clearly 'for- frightened the Chilean reaction- reactionary officers, creation of Peasants expropriate large estates eign' thinking or even Marxist aries. As Le Monde (29.9.1973) popular militias etc.) to ensure a below' that scared the reactionaries pointed out: "After the elections of such initiatives real defense of the people's politi- that the Coup was

Page 36: STUDENT, Anniversary Issue Who Needs En(»mies...?" 'But They Killed Conimunists'

(No. 32, February, 1975) When pressed, the reactionaries in the Ukrainian rommunity will OVer 8 year has passefl. bui the absolve the Junta' by claiming, • Again according to statistics re- repression continues. 'after all, they struggled against teated by the Junta, between Sep- 'In the concentration camps, Communism'. tember 1973 and September 1974, Chacabuco, Dawson, etc. prisoners, True enough, Pino(diet killed the price of bread rose by 2100 some per Communists, of whom are serving 30 yeai and socialists of all cent. The price of sugar in the same kinds, sentences, are subject to torture, and Christians, and demo- period rose by 2300 per cent, milk drug treatments, and the whole crats and ordinary workers and 1600 per cent, rice 3400 per cent. gamut of humiliations. peasants. • While under Allende, workers The military pursue the hunt of But we must ask our Ukrainian received a 20-30 per cent increase the reactionaries, organized opposition. Only re- why do millions of in real wages; under the Junta, the cently, Miguel Enriquez, general people outside the Soviet Union purcKasing power of those employ- secretary of the MIR was shot while freely support the Communist ed in all professions dropped on the heroically resisting arrest. Fighting Party? Why does the Communist average by 45 per cent between Party at his side was his companion Car- in Italy have well over 1 September 1973-September 1974. men Castillo who was seven months million members? And in France This is an official figure, and it does regularly pregnant. After months in prison, captures 25 per cent of not take into account the unem- the she was released as a result of an popular vote in elections? ployed. To give a more graphic international campaign on her be- Millions of men and women example of the situation in Chile half: around the world belong to Testifying . to the Bertrand today, the minimum ,the monthly wage Communist Russell Peace Foundation {the same Party because they in Chile today is equivalent to 50 think that Foundation that recently initiated the CP. defends and bus tickets and 35 kilos of breadi an international' struggles fot their interests. Many, campaign in de- For the 700,000 unemployed in although fense of Ukrainian and Russian by far not all, support the Chile who do not even earn the political prisoners, among them Soviet Union, even in its internal minimum wage, and who are with- policy. Moroz), Carmen spoke of the sadis- What should be our ap- out any form of unemployment tic tortures used against proach to these millions? women benefit, the situation is desperate. Do support political prisoners, tortures of chil- we right-wing dicta- The Junta's economic policy has torships? dren in front of parents to force Fascist governments, be- affected not just the mass of the cause they are confessions from the parents, etc. anti-Communist? working class, but also the petty Absolutely Armoured vehicles patrol work- notl To do that is to bourgeoisie and even certain layers ing class areas. Shots are fired every precisely reinforce the attitude of the bourgeoisie. The decline in night, and vehicles screatching amongst these millions that all the buying power of a major part of those who oppose the USSR, through the streets after midnight, f-resn graves after the Coup. and the population, the successive de- carrying out random searches to the CP. are fascists of one sort or valuations of the escudo (the cur- remind the working population of anotfier. Here ABN and simitar rency) and the consequent increase groups help 'who is boss'. Periodically the mili- the world Stalinist in the price of imported goods, the tary surround a pob/acion (poor movement in maintaining its hege- rise in interest rates, and so on, neighbourhood) and arrest thou- mony over these millions. have bankrupted a large number of sand or two thousand persons, and On the Economic Front merchants and small and middle- far from all are later released. Re- size industries. Public employees cently the military invaded the and white-collar and pobtacion called supervisory Our tadc is to be exemplary in La Victoria, in the This reactionary violence, of a workers in the private sector have our denunciation commune of San Miguel, south of of repressive re- brutality unprecedented in Latin been fired by the thousands, and gimes around the world. Santiago, and indiscriminantty ar- To be America, is but one aspect of the the wages of those who can still exemplary rested about a thousand in our defense of social men, from Junta's campaign to bring the work- work are ridiculous. and economic 15 years old on up, and shipped justice. OUR TASK ing class population to submission: Even many of those who sup- IS them to the notorious TO POINT OUT THAT THE concentra- to pound the working population ported the Junta in the initial stages STALINISTS tior. camp on the coast, Tejas BETRAY THESE into an obedient 'facto of produc- have become bitterly disolutioned IDEALS TIME Verdes. Only 200 returned home, AND TIME OVER tion. The other aspect is the Junta's with the military. and most This is especiafly AGAIN, AND NOT TO BETRAY of these, according to- economic policy. true of large sectors of the petty- THESE IDEALS OURSELVES. Swedish Embassy officials, had The right-wing bourgeoisie. The social basis of the been maimed by 'drug* treatment Ukrainian press defend the Chile coup d'etat with Junta's support in Chile has sunk to Trade-union, political, -and arguments they an all-time low. But it must be a democratic rights continue to be picked up in non- Ukrainian reactionary newspapers. source of satisfaction (albeit a very, denied. Judges still refuse to grant One of the favourite very small source of satisfaction) to habeus corpus when someone disap- arguments in .defense of the Pinochet, to know that he hds by Marina Panchyshn pears into the hands of the execu- Junta is that the military had to take 'friends' abroad. tioners of the military intelligence power to 'save Chile from economic chaos'. Let services. Trials are a farce, and us summarize some of the hard lawyers who are too serious in facts of the Junta's economic policy, defending their clients, end up in The Junta itself admits the prisoners' dock themselves. that there are now 700,000 unemployed in Chile, out of an active popula-

tion of 3 million, that is, around 20 per cent of the active population. And what was the record of the Allende government? Despite an intensive economic blocade by the USA, despite attempts by the Chilean right-wing to disorganize the economy, the Allende govern- ment reduced unemployment to 3.8 per cent by 1971 — one year after begin in office. (To under- stand this achievement one has to compare the figure of 3.8 per cent unemployment with the 6.0 per cent unemployment that existed in Chile during the 1960's.)

I nf lation under the Junta ac-

cording to its own figures (Le Monde 11.3. 1975) rose between September 1973 and September 1974 by 570 per cent. (Between 1965-70, inflation was on the aver- age 26.5 per cent. The Allende government, that 'disorganze of the economy, reduced inflation in in 1972. It was such initiatives 'from 1971 to 22 per cent, and this in Chile. It was to put an end to despite the obstacles mentioned carried out. above.) btadium transformed into concentration camp.

STUDENT, Anniversary Issue; Page 37 MULTICULTURALISM 'No. 34, December 1975) by Marijka Hurko BACK TO THE HARBUZ PATCH

rights, as all others are guaranteed by the Canadian Bill of Rights. The govermnem'^ rcceni rcvelaiion lhal it's mullicuKuralism But lo transform multiculluralism into a while knighl programme "inlergroupundcrsianding" 10 Tight proBnunBit wiHnow emphasize battling racial discrimination of recent immigrants is an admillance of the 'real' minDrities, lhat is, non-whiles, convinces that what the government made muliicullurallsmitobe over the past noe ihe Liberal governmeni has absolutely failed to understand (ibu four years diS nothing (o prepare us lor mutual tolerance. That Is rights, reflected by unique even 10 this day the differences in the why tolerance, which had to be Intrmsic lo (he multiculluralism between immigrants and indigenous Canadians of non- need!!, programme, is now the emphasis — for il was the most glaring ott-Frcnch background. Engbsh ZBd failure. Thecorreci solution, however, is not Munro's, but one which nuuxeaverlngof the multicultural programme to embrace The would iniensify tolerance & understanding between the host mulll- anrf inuni^^iion slinks of political expediency: a cashing In racism cullures. For discrimination is not created by immigrants, but Is a order platform On. a ptiblic v/t'mg to the right on a law and and product of our own, the host's. Intolerance, egoism and greed. The making, it seood as if it was pan and parcel of an existing solution Is not one which enables me to know more about my prognimse. To kill a second bird with the same slone — the JOHN MUNRO German neighbour (hat lhat he makes good A'U(Vibul one (ha( damouring 'ethnics' would be pushed into the back seat, perhaps gives me access to his literature, art and history in Canada. This is ihe bureaucrat overnight created a Indefmittly. by a word-Jugglinv! who Immigration, are ones of proper atmospheric conditions for their groundwork for respect. non-whites. this imply lhat ihe white 'real' minority out of the Does cultures lo thrive — and this Is true for both whites and non-whites. Unfortunately, all this — allhough philosophically quite false minorities'.' Is the government iion-donthMnt cultures are Both categories are obliged (o contribute lo this country in labour intelligible to the government — is largely irrelevant In the context of blaianrty racist recognising a 'teal' minority only on Ihe ground by and taxes, and In return can demand their rlghis.The distinction that politics, or what the Liberal government feels il must do for the sake that Its is different? Is It in the breath discriminating 004 same should be made is, thus, not between while and non-white, but of political expedience. The proper question, then. Is why the term)? a^nst tte tiaditkinal mlnontles (to use governmeni between immigrants and Indigenous Canadians. Liberals feel that political expediency dictates the abandonmcnl of a of immigrants, Jamaican. Japanese or Thr Bccds whether The needs of Immigrants should find response in the mullicuhuratlsm policy that Is meaningful for the minority cultures Portugueses, arc basically related lo a need for acceptance. The programmes of the Ministry of Manpower and Immigration, Ihe indigenous lo Canada. being regenerated by needs of cuHures already established, and not CitEfenship Branch of the Secrelaryof State, and so Torth. while their To answer Ihc question - the Liberal policy ol mul- ticulluralism has become a royal pain in Ihe neck for the government. The euphoria and benevolent Intentions which arose (No. 34. December 1975} after Trudeau's Introduction of Ihe policy in 1971 have become a big yawn, as Canadians over the pasl four years have had about all Ihe NOT AS GLORIOUS AS IT SEEMS 'senslllsallon' they can stand to painted caster eggs, bright national costumes, and other transplanted cultural traits. It had become quite by Y. Harun obvious to all that multiculluralism needed drastic revision, urgently — or the Liberals could claim credit lo financing Ihe biggest fad In

education, and why is Ihe policy noi Canadian history. shoved down everyone's throat by the Cries for revision came from the minority clhnocultures

federal government until il is accepted themselves, the Ukrainians being the most vocal. They articulated by all, especially in light ol ihe lhal Ihc mulllcullural policy ignored language maintenance, and was government's pushiness on the by lhal very fact a farce and a lallure. Their demand was lhal bilingual policy. governmeni de-cmphasizc mullicoliural grams for activities ihai On the question of multilingual simply perpeitiaii'tl certain cuhural trails: ihe culinery arts; j/tdfuvd/i: broadcasting ihe UCC did little more reslorallon of X to the power of ten number of choirs: and than restate Ihe demand for regional air ihe like — and pour much needed funds into areas that would lime on CBC lor Ukrainian-language promote the tievelopnient of our culture: education in the Ukrainian broadcasting. Again some consultation language in public schools: a living language in Ihe media; and Inibe with other interested parlies in the arts. Make Ukrainian a working language and we would have a Ukrainian Canadian community would living culture. have told ihem lhat we don't need any The governmeni, ol course, understood the aptness ol these more amaicur hours: the demand must demands. After all they were vocalised by Ihe Quebecois. the be lhat the CBC, government pay for recognised as rights in Ihe government's bilingualism policy. national Ukrainian programming on Obviously If bilingualism is a right of the French- and English- the CBC radio and television in the speaking, multilinguatism Is a right ol all Canadians, three languages in order to allow lor The government, however, will not politically understand this. coast to coast communicaiion within The ' They have drowned the demands of minority Ihe Ukrainian Canadian communiiy. in Clhnocultures in a sea of paper work created by a tangle of order 10 have the CBC bring out commitlees all sludying each other If a government research team Prime Minister P.E. Trudeau meeting with (he VCC executive in Ukrainian cultural talent, lo provide il produced something worthwhile, it was counteracted. A case in Winnipeg. 12 September 1975. with a professional outlet lhat il cannot point is the excellent Non-Official Languages Sludy (NOL), finished

nol bordering on the absurd'.' Is this not possibly find within the community, in in 1974. Il IS 1976 and whal of it'.' First it had all its punch removed, Lurlier this year, ihc National the height of irresponsibility? Could order to utilise the Ukrainian and then stalled, while ihe government embarked on a Majority Presidium ol the Ukrainian Canadian language nol this time have been spent more in a contemporary Adiludes Study to make damn sure lhat none of the NOL Committee lUCC) mei with Prime selling, in order thai wisely to prepare ihc presenlalion, lo It develop in circumstances ihai recommendations inierlered with the rights of the majority groups. Minister Trudeau and some of his il decide on the priorities of presenlation. presently cannot achieve. What kind of attitude is this, wc may well ask'.' sidekicks Irom Ottawa and Winnipeg. and to perhaps consult with others on More lime definitely should have This treatment goes beyond burcacraiic incompetence, lo This IS not the first time lhal Trudeau the strategy. been spent on Ihe principles ot outright schematic planning. Multiculluralism was created nol only has met with re prcscnia lives ol the ihe The UCC brief ilself raised some issues, and notjusi on making to pacify East European voters angered by Trudeau's ignorani Ukrainian Canadian community: in demands issues; the question of government which would not lead lo ihe analogy of Soviet Ukrainian dissidenis to the FLQ, Mul- 1971 he had mel withrepreseniailvcsol conslusive funding for the building of Ukrainian devclopmeni of ihe ticulluralism was also created as a handy tool wiih which to stem the the Ukrainian Canadian Committee community The centres and other funds for ihc Ukrai- issues raised by ihe brief were the flow of Quebecois aspirations inio sacred bastions, specifically, in tollowmg his return from a trip lo the not nian press, the question of mullillngual major issues conlronling Ihe socio-occupaiional sphere In the form of controlling positions in Sovici Union, during which he had the communi- broadcasting on Ihe CBC networks, ty: they do nothing for the development governmeni and the economy. The governmeni denied (Jucbecois compared Ukrainian dissidents with and finally ihe question of Canada's of the community. At besl. they can aspirations wnh excuses thai the pie now had to be shared with the Quebec separaiisls. There was also a stand on human rights in the USSR . As only be seen minority groups. It is not by accident lhat French-Canadians and the meeling between Trudeau and as attempts to convince the matters of specific demands ihese convinced Ukrainians Why can't mote other eihnocuhurat minorities arc pilled glaringly against each olher reprcscnlativcs ol students in Winnipeg questions arc as old as motherhood and lime be spent worryingabout Ihe whole other the proverbial pic with the attitude of my gain is your loss. who demanded thai Trudeau lake a fatherhood, and hence beyond ol the community ? Meanwhile the Quebec question has gathered more momentum supportive stand on ihe question ol reproach. Bui these issues alone lail lo Finally, the hour came. than mosl ever imagined. Bill 22 catalyzed events to an un- Valcniyn and miike his viuws The / raise the problem of the Federal Executive. precedented degree. It Trudeau and his local proved lhat ihe Quebecois are desperately known to Ihe Sovicl Union, Needless to Govcrnmem's irresponsibility in im- sidekicks were comfortably eating serious about survival, and lhal ihey know it docs not lie in the say. Trudeau'> wishy-washy iillilude in plememlni the policy ol mul- the hotel and making their sensilisalion of Canadians to pea soup. No, much more — it lies in brought few results. prescn- iiculluralism across Ihe board. They lalions. Trudeau dictated the socio-occupalional parity wiih Ihe 'oiher founding race' throughout However, a few words must be said topics: lail lo challenge the govcrnmem's discussion started on the question ol ihe social labric of Canada. The result: governmeni financed about UCCs luciies and approach to siiiccrily in implementing the policy. To human rights. Far loo bilingual training: French as a language ol media and air tr-affic issues ol concern lo ihe UC tommuniiy much lime was use the words of the brief, the Ukrai- spent on this, as a result communication; a rising Quebecois technocracy: anli- arid Us meetings with Ttudeau. The and there was and nian Canadian Commilice is iniercsled nol enough time lo multiculluralism. latest meeting held hclMcen Irudeau discuss Issues ol in the 'preservation' ol the Ukrainian primary The Liberal governmeni found ilsetf and the (entire) Presidium ot ihc concern lo ihe Ukrainian in a ralhcr painful culture in Canada. position. slogan Ukrainian Canadian tommillee was community — thecommuniiy iiself and T he ol a bilingual Canada had gone out of hand. Il Why does the Ukrainian Canadian Its was alienating western Canadians were lar less successful than what the demands. Why? Because each who being irrationally Commil'iee use ihe word "preserva- shoved into Ukrainian Canadian press had section was presented by a dltlereni ill-planned bilingual districts: as well as eminent Anglo tion': alter all. why have Ukrainian member ol the execuiivc, because chauvinists, staunch believers in English as the language of repoi ed. In li can he Slid lhal the Ihey Canadian organisations such as the were not prepared with internationalism. Worst ol all. was thai multiculluralism was a : Minister made i short Business and Prolcssionul bederaiion slatements. In vehicle for Ihe Quebecois pattern pari and laughed all Ihe u.is in his next Trudeau's own words. ol development, on Ihe of Ihe and SUSK been fighling engagemeni. lor the Ihe Executive of the Ukrainian Cana- other clhnocultures with their sophisticate demands. developmtnl ol Ihe Ukrainian Cana- dian The Ukrainian ( ;inadiJii Commilice must learn how lo i A combination of factors indicated a seemingly clear plan of - ' dian culture and tommumu Nobody speak more elfectivcly to Ihe govern- action to ihe Liberals. These factors were: firsi, lhat the Liberal millet did not see lii ) >.<>U.-iUll Its is inleresled in preserving Likrainiansin ment and electoral stronghold member org;inisaUons n preparing the gel Us poim across. was sealed in Quebec; secondly, that Ihe lasi .inliquaied shells dating lo ihe 1930s: is Well, iht hallowed halls o! the election showed lhal mulliculiutalism was not a burning issue lo the presentation to Trudi ;iu. not did It It not this preservation that has led to a lormer Credit Fonder building, western voter; solieil advice Irom var ous individuals (now and, thirdly, thai the strides in bilingualism were night Irom the community hy countless the Uki.iinian shocking within Ihe community in the prcpara- housing Canadian Com- non-French Canada. The plan of action — without numbers* mittee and Ihe City ol Winnipeg alienating Quebec. bilingualism to pacily Ihe non-French, and lion ol ihe presenliiliim I his is es- Why did the hnel not rai.se ihe Wellare DeparimenI) will echo phase out mulilculiuralism pecially sli.ige in ihu lifihi k mm ledge in with the same stroke question ol the j^ovetnment s sincerity dismay and anger al these words, and This process was first evident with ihe demotion ot mul- that Tnide.iu IS .1 c.ip.iblt per- in ' implemenlini: ihe policy Why is it inanv wojds will hail down ihe ilculiuralism from Ihe sphere ol a Minister of State lo a in Ihe former when il comes lo such presen- upon drawer thai muliiculluralism js slill a policy SUSK rep lo Bui really desk of Ihe Minislerof cuts: taiions It IS my inlormaiion lhat \' KYK. Mssrs. Labour. Then came the budget Irom S 10 enclosed ma minor directorship wiihin million to liltle lime was spent by the executive in Radchuk. Kondra. Bashuk et al, isn't it $5.3 million; Ihc slow dealh by commitlees; and Ihe final a mimsiry: isn't is lime after lour'or the preparation ol the presenlation: live time that you slopped trying to criticise humiliation of the Canadian Consultative Council on Mul- years ol ihis nonsense lo have once the various sections were wrillen a these editorials and ariiclcs and started ticulluralism — the government's own advisory body — whose Commissioner ol Muluculiuralism, intelligent report disregarded. up. there was lillle discussion on who acting like Ihc central rcprcsenlative was much like Ihe Commissioner ol icial However, would make ihe presentaiinn and with OM body of Ukrainian Canadians.' And this, the government's final copout is not necessarily a Languages, who will see to ihe im- post mortem Munro's whai kind of strategy, and most isn't it lime that the Ukrainian Cana- on a meaningful multiculluralism policy. plemcnialion ol the multicultural report, importantly ~ what issues should dian Commitiee started being lhal prepared by Jameson Bond and Kosana Seoul, will be policy al all levels ' ol government And dcliberaled by In i\ to act; il isupio receive priority in presenlation. central represenlalive body in fact, ihe Cabinet January There time why is II lhal the governmeni still us, in Instead, the executive met one instead of trying lo prevent vi^rious solidarity with the oiher groups lo put an end lo this shall and •ictively pursues a bieuluiral poliev demand rights. First, week before the Trudeau meeting with inieresi groups Irom loing to ihe IcdeVal our and loremosi stands our right to formulaic when Ihe multnuhural polie\ was lodo a policy which is aimed Mullicullurulism has never the discussion centering on Ihe nature government directly'.' Perhaps il you at our welfare. been concisely defined — we should be defining lhat policy and ol the gilt lo be given to Trudeau for his would take the lead and not just hold on Canada ' Why does ihe governmeni everything children, and when everyone would nol lo Ihe rail you would succeed. Let's get lhat It implies! Time is running out before the so-called lund third language inslruclion "Muliicuhural Reality"' of today becomes the multicultural myth of sign the books Really genilemcn. is this with il. through provincial departments ol Page 3B: STUDENT. Anniversary Issue POSITION PAPER ON

Position Paper presented to Ihe 16th National SUSK Congress

in tdmonton. Alberta on August 30th, 197S Original Student logo

by Lubomyr Szuch

(No. 35-6. Feb.-Apr. 19761

ll was seven years ago under ihe auspices of SUSK, ihai ihe first The Student editorial board takes a democratic principled issue young Ukrainian Canadians. of Siudenl was published. Sludenl is dnc of the most valuable position on all matters with which it may be involved. As such, the projects that the Ukrainian Filing conndcni and mature, as well as perceiving ihc need for Canadian Students" Union has initiated. editorial board has repeatedly stressed the fact that opinions The maintaining close articles in this newspaper can be viewed as communication between Ukrainian Canadian expressed in the various signed important histoncal articles do not necessarily represent papers that student organizations reveal the atiitudcs. thoughts, aspirations and individuals, SUSK published the Student those of the Sludenl editorial board. and ideas of Jkrainian Canadian students. in partial fulfillment of the that adopied by the 9ih Like the spoken language, ihcprintcd progrdm was Siudent considers thai it is its responsibility lo allow tor the word can also SUSK. Congress oi be a carrier of culture. And this isexactly the May 11. 1968. freest exchange of opinions on matters of interest function to the Ukrainian that Student has been Student was fulfill fulfilling and, we hope, will continue lo lour major tasks: Canadian community. Ttic position of the editorial board has always to fulfill. If we wish lo see Sludenl 1. inform about the plans and activities of the SUSK executive: become a more frequently and regularly issued paper of high 2. inform about the work of ihe various Ukrainian Clubs and quality, several steps have to be taken: 1, A solid financial base for their individual members; Sludenl has to be established. i,e.. enough funds have lo be raised for several 3- crit(ci7.e ihc shortcomings in the social, religious, economic issues of Sludenl before any work is siarted on it. and political life of our community; and generally 2, More writers and reponers 4. notify its readers about things that arc of interest to (hem as have lo be encouraecd to work for Student; students and as Ukrainian Canadians. 3, All students must be encouraged to their Whether or not Student adequately fulfilled its tasks as a put thoughts down on paper, and hand it in to Student siudent paper is a mailer for much debate. for publicalion. It is only in this way that we can continue a produtiivc dialogue In this position paper, an atlempl will be made to relate the on the pages of Student. various problems that must be overcome if the further development We believe thai it is the role of student papers of Student as well as of the total Ukrainian community in North and siudent organirations to be the calelyst for America is lo be realized. new progressive ideals, morals been that stands on given issues in first must the instance be based on and ethics for ils community. It is on the basis Since 1968, thirty-two issues of Student have been published. of this, that Student democratic principles and in the second instance that this position be will attempt to continue to function. Not counting the single issue that came out in 'bit. an average of five firmly adhered to.

It IS for this reason for example that the question of Chile was raised in Siudent, The main argument of these articles consisted of pointing out to the community that a democratically elected government was illegally over-thrown by a military coup which subsequently STUDENT suppressed basic civil and political nghls. The articles criticized the relationship maintained by some Ukrainian nationalist organizations with one of the most repressive fascist regimes in the world, as in the case of Chile. issues per year were published. This figure might seem meagre when We view Student as important evidence of the sirong urge to compared with the English dailies. But then Student does not have continue to survive and develop in a pluralistic society on the part of the resources (o hire the people, nor to buy the equipment that is needed for such operations. The few generous individuals that do offer iheir time and talent to help with Ihe research, typing and fund raising for Student are not in any position to work full-time without financial assistance. Thus, DE CLUB COMMMUNICATIONS volunteers must raise enough money (approx. S800 per b) . Mskuch issue), write articles and news events, and layout and distribute the

paper, all in a few weeks, and still continue their studies. Besides (No. 35-6, Feb.-Apr. 1976} encountering thesegcncral problems which many paperscxpcrience. Student, as a bilingual paper, has the extra technical problem of lo type, having edit, and type-set in two ( orevcn Ihrce) languages. To add lo this. Siudent must depend for in survival on (he work of a small number of inexperienced, busy university students. If these were Ihc only hurdles in Student s path, then perhaps we would sec more issues of it being published. By being inquisitive and critic!! of the Ukrainian Canadian community, and prone to Photo: Edmonton DSC experimenting with new concepts and ideas. Student is frequently on recruitment drive denied both financial and moral support by certain sectors of ihc Ukrainian Canadian community. It seems thai Student should cither slopciriticizing (or even discdssing) ccnain topics, (forcxample: the whole question of Chile, and in particular the Pinochei-Steisko relationship)^ that arc not to the likingofcertain people, or else face being black-listed, defamed and cut off. II isjust recently lhal Student hasaltempicdtocsiablishamorc diversified base for financial support. Besides the non-Ukrainian people. Sludcfll has accepted funds from people of various political and religious leanings that are generally not favoured by ihc Ukrainian community. Accepting funds from these people however People learn from mistakes, or experiences, or from experiences description of a Fellini film or a KYK report of ilsmeeiing. Thus, for resulting mistakes, especially mistakes more than a single matter of concern and a limited amount of brings about the criticism and the ostracism of Siudent. There is a from and from resulting from is a lack ofcxperiencc. . — confusion, a newsletter much belter, even though it be a , more certain sector in Ihe Ukrainian Canadian community on the one Well . some people. anyhow. So loo it is for may any organization: impersonal medium. hand, that will not tolerate political views that are not in line with again — for some, more than for others. important Once it has been established who will lick Ihe stamps and who their own. and on the other hand there is a small sector thai respects One thing lor any club to master, especially a (Ukrainian) students' club with a short fiscal year, is communication will drink Ihe spirit duplication Huid (it is often a wise move to check on -campus to both members and potential members. The following your questionnaires lo find some Engineering students for the latter -- suggestions are the result of fact and fiction which have occurred in lask), the most important question remains the style of the Edmonton this year. newsletter It must boih inform and inierest ils readers. Marginal

An initial membership drive is always in order. Usually this drawings of camels and inserts idling the right ratio to use when involves having a few people at a lime man a table which displays mixing saniolionku & Red in order to avoid blindness or various items to draw ihc aiiemion of the siudent population,- insanity (usually for the sake of those same Enginee ting sludentsi are Hopefully ihcy will slop by and browse to see what's happening (an commendable, but if your content is dry as Medicine Hal no one will

operational Galling gun. fully loaded, is most effective, but not become enthused with the information. This is why il is ifl your |:STUDEl^ltdlAQ recommended due to storage problems and noise by-laws on advantage lo have a lopnoich newsletter writerls). For an example, I campus). An excellent alternative might be a phonograph spinning shall use a few quotes from Edmonton's o*vn 'Boris', whose epistles out the sounds of the D-Drifters 5 playing 'Beatles songs and other this year drew many responses from irate parents, investigating that differ with it. and will that RCMP(Real Patrol) olficers. of the rights of those suppon anyone modern music'. This is the lime lo hand unsuspecting suspects a Cukie Monkey and a host students rationally state hi%;her — providing thai can inlclligenlly ami position. runoff telling them how much your UkrainianSiudcnts'Club(USC) ai least someone reads them. of the role of the press has developed by The elements used were quite simple They included: a A misconception been has done in Ihe pasi, of bright future prospects, and of its great of the Ukrainian community. Whereas they see salutation (Creeling; or as they s.i> in the meat packing business - certain -segments personnel, A bit of blatant lying sometimes is necessary in the

being a moulh piece for particular partisan views and how's^i hanging'-'); review and u( e^ell^ | How did the weincr every paper as preparation of this presentation, although the stretching of Ihe truth « for debate within their own ranks, but only among roast you'.' . . . speaking ot »>. ihe »ui):oirig executive will do not allow little will usually suffice. But don't worry it ~ reads ' a about no one

.Student's role relationship be under the gun this Monday night . ai ihe elub's animal, I mean contending views; and to SUSK must be Ihesc hand-outs carefully and even fewer people believe them: most for the benefit annual general meeting); club news (our chiel ol secret police and our clarified consistently of these organisations. people simply want to know when Ihe first club social will be held. published minister of propaganda haie both lied the country ): and notation of Student, while being under the auspices of the SUSK The use of campus media, posters, and visiialions lo Ukrainian organ of the meritorious action ("seasonal conference goers are currently Congress, is not an SUSK National Executive or the classes are also good ways to recruit members. However, with all although questions consuming 2 lo 3 times their weight in excess alcohol every week SUSK Congress, when of broad policy arc these people in whom (iheorelically) enthusiasm lor the local USC - Congrcssmay effons are lo be applauded and so are iheir liiers ) brought up that the SUSK feel are vital for the further has been developed, there exists the eniire yaniui mieresls — Their Ukrainian Hopefully, once a regular system ol communication.N ainongsl development of the Canadian commiinityorthcqueslion hence the need for a questionnaire. By ollenng a wide range of nl mitioni and in particular members has been established, some sort ol eoncenlraiion ol of Ihc self-delerminalion Ukntme. then activities which members can mark as their interest, one will be your directed liy ihc SUSK. efforts can be made in the rest of ihe siudent body Kegular inserts STUDKNT may be Congress to support and amaz.cd at some of Ihe results. For example. Marta Vcrblyood.abih "Coming Evenis" columns are ,i ne^e^.lu However, posters jie publicize these matters. year theology sludenlat U of A. indicated lhal she enjoyed parking into is mdepcndcni riLwip.ipcr nulepcndont a more spectacular medium. simple rule ul thumb lo remember is Student an in Ihc (legal, illegal, and otherwise, talking dirty, valra-maKing. producing is censorship b> of pieUires of naked poeple lor social eients, and wild-eyed sense that there SUSK all points ol view are manifestos, carolling, playing croquet, and lilm mabiny (llie one "lots reversed ol Sludeiil. 1 anarchists for political debates", although the order can be welcomed on the ;;. When s.iy ^ili \«, I colour (blue) type). At Ihc same time, an anmnrmnis Isl \ear few qualiliealions. Il given without any noticeable differences. should make a arc lo be pnnlcd m 'commerce siudent admitted to ol -. and jiiendmg in some way be relevant ; Finally, moulh-lo-moulh communication has the greatest must Student, they u> ortjani^ed Ukrainian dances and concerts, but fell ih.it ilic boveoiiiiif ul f', ^ iiiiarc:ui« read> lor siudcnls are a mouthy lot. constructive nature, rrequcnily, receive articles lhal .i communicable diseases). Let's laec H positive and we the nexl logical step ~ either ,i phunmi; and newsletter diatribes thai sene no useful Unfortunately, their conversations areusiialiy ol ihc "guess who was arc emotional purpose. Articles must, commitlce.-or else getting down lo >our studies amidst a rapidly moral maimer fooling around with whom in the shower^ alter ihe basketball game in an honest and cnnlrihuie to a reader's intellectual disappearing school year. A phoning committee has the added to ilieir iindcisiandmg Insi Saturday" variety Nevertheless, tins is the bj>ie land usually development and of tin.- human activities in advantage of a personal conlacl to assure the receiver ol the call that most base) method of communication, li can be uiili/cd onl> it tlie question. the club (s)he joined DOES exist and IS doing something. The role of Student is lo proper information has been presented in j diyeslable manner. The prime be an open forum lor the weakness with this type of contact lies with llie obMous l.icl that the views of students - whether Hence, the need for clubs to let buih ii- members and the general expression of they agree or disagree informalion given will inevitably he slanted and maceiitale to the worthwhile cicnis. views of llie publisher or editorial board. us an cighi year old s student body of ils exciting and with the point where it resembles Ihc original as much STUDENT, Anniversary Issue; Page 39 ) THE PROBLEM WITH PRAIRIE ROOTS Mar.-Apr. 1978) (No. 44. (NO. March -PHAIRIE ROOTS- 22, 1973) IS by Ellen Roseman SUSK issue, 1972 "Miss Chatelaine", December nian students at the local level were continuity lor many clubs. Apathy is the last evening of the SUSK On being most significant (the a general societal malaise in North Jars Balan seen as Western Conference. life HEY KIDS! QUOTES TAKEN FROM THE ABOVE numtjer following the problem IS the America today which affects the READ THESE introduced approximately twenty point value assigned collectively by of the Ukrainian student community ARTICLE AND TRY OUR SKILL-TESTING QUESTIONS. partrcipanis to the conlerence al the group): just as it does the community nominal group" technique, which - lackol knowledge about Ukrainian large. The rapid pace of change Miss Chatelaine: Instead of the fervent, wild-eyed Ukrainian nationalist I'd used among groups of is widely its to severe "genera- Canadian Students' Union — today has led a expected, I found a low-key, down-to-earth young woman whose cultural various sizes and backgrounds to structure, aims and objec- tion gap," with many Ukrainian desire not to play politics if she could avoid it. to maximize history, identity was tempered by her generate ideas and values ol tives — 460; students questioning the parents want me to go to the Ukraine to visit my relatives but input trom all members of a group Oksana: My - clearly defined aims and their parents and the basis of their lack of I'm not ready yet. I'd rather go lo Switzerland. on a given question youth programs — 350; involvement with traditional the Once a question is posed (in Miss Chatelaine: Oksana's iob on the OFY project involved manning - — 335; organizations, which are often question was "What apathy tapes and sorting out ideological disagreements bet- this case, the fear office, coordinating - need for education in terms ol heavily sectarian and innova- are the main problems facing Ukrai- ween the Winnipeg and the Toronto workers. communicating ideas about tion. Local clubs are oflen nian students al the local, level?"), Oksana: The people in Toronto who direct the students' association are too politics, culture, multiculturalism. dominated by one or two strong- all group members gre given several oriented for most Winnipeggers. When I was hired, the Toronto Ukrainian survival — 320; minded individuals who impose politically minutes to jot down several upset because I wasn't political enough. I think they're a - alienation of the membership from their views on the membership and big shots were responses which they feel are the weirdos. In our Ukrainian students' club at the university we're the executive level — 295, prevent a healthy balance of ac- bunch of most appropriate. These written from being pure Ukrainians to being Ukrainian- - loo many value clashes over tivities — the list cangoon and on ... trying to move away replies are then exchanged among alcohol, drugs, sex — 290; Although the extent to which Canadians. group rnembers (the sheets, of - intimidation by more articulate Ukrainian student clubs can deal Miss Chatelaine: Neither religion nor Ukrainian liberation politics are, m course, are not signed) who in turn — and experienced club members with any of these problems is fact, cohesive enough to hold young Ukrainians together. then read the replies aloud. Each intellectual snobbery — 285; obviously very limited, one cannot you get right down to it, who's going to go back and discussed and then Oksana: Really, when reply is briefly within - lack of balance of activities assume that Ukrainian student fight? posted on a wall. The discussion is — political, social, cultural — clubs will continue to "carry on" as Ukrainian, and she says she'd club Chatelaine : Most of Oksana's friends are not meant to eliminate ideas but lo Miss 285; before despite the growing Winnipeg scene for a couple of years. weed out duplicate and unclear — like to get out of the - student-parent clash ol values challenges facing Ihem. What can well. ideas. In this way no-one is denied Oksana: Everyone knows me here too diHicuity overcoming biases of be done? H may be that seminars or an opportunity to present his ideas, socialization — 275; workshops dealing with leadership since in many group situations one - tear ol taking the risks that come and organizational problems would SKILL TESTING QUESTIONS or several strong personalities often with involvement — 230; be useful. Al the very least, annual end up dominating a discussion, - gossip — 215; meetings ol local club presidents inhibiting- the free expression of - lack of local leadership — 160; and other interested present and viewpoints by less aggressive in- 1. Ukrainians are: - money — 140; prospective executive members dividuals. 'a) wild-eyed nationalists - parochialism (on sectanan level) would be useful in order to allow for Posting all the proposed involvement in other Ukrai- an exchange ol information ex- b) low-keyed apolitical question posed of prior responses to the apolitical nian organizations — 140; perience. If necessary, separate c)wild-eyed allowed participants to survey a - shortsightedness in planning — sessions of this kind could be held d) low-keyed nationalists whole range of alternatives and to 100; in the East and in the West (but they e) wild-keyed, low-eyed apolitical nationalists place their own responses in - amateurism - 90 should be held apart from the 2. To temper one's cultural identity one should: perspective. They are then asked to Although some of the above annual Congress) which could not play politics assign points (according to a a) may seem to be superficial, dealing include discussions on club specified framework) lo the b) not visit relatives in the Ukraine with the symptoms of problems development as part of its program. responses which they feel are most c) go to Switzerland within the Ukrainian student com- SUSK should also consider prepar- appropriate, and the responses are 3. Ukrainian-Canadians are: munity rather than with the ing a booklet similar to the one then collated. This can be repeated a) impure problems themselves, the published in 1970. outlining the several times, with "low-scoring" b) cross-eyed apolitical responses represent concerns history and aims of SUSK. The alternatives being dropped from the c) purer which often directly affect many SUSK National Executive and the list at each successive stage. 4. Ukrainians can be held together by: local club. Being a student organizers ol the lorthcoming con- Over forty different a) religion and liberation politics organization with a large turnover gress in Winnipeg should carefully problems were identified by the Switzerland every year, lack ol knowledge about examine the results of this "nominal b) trips to SUSK group, and few of them can objectives group session and should try to c) Miss Chatelaine be dismissed as being totally irrele- SUSK its history, aims, deal with at least some ol the vant. In the long run, however, the - is definitely a serious problem problem identified at this time. Send your answers to: following problems facing Ukrai- which leads to a serious lack ol "QUIZ" Box 1972 67 Harbord St. More Letters Toronto 179

The prize is a free subscription to STUDENT. The decision of the judges is polyhedral. (No. 29. August 1974)

promising involvement. It common practice in United tend masses, and what percentage because of the lack of revitaUzation polilicul clarification is completely fruitless and irrelevant. action.s for ttie various groups Such a an Front of mailer one hopes that Tliere will be no Renaissance of neo- of this percentage go there only for and the subsequent loss involved lo slate Itieir politics und the important and persMial social reasons? Sure, you adherents. The Ukrainian culture common ground on which ihcy bUnd. the Committee will soon do this if ii Ukrainianism in Toronto or hopes lo include the participation ol anywhere else in Canada for that have Ukrainian courses in will become a relic of the past, in- Ii is also desirable to slate the political student worker in lutlher in high only anthropologists and position of any prisoner being defend- and groups matter. You are fot^ing yourselves if universities and now some teresting to actio museum-goers. If there are ed. Why was thi.s not done with the you believe in some kind of schools, but what percentage of curious whole action leading up to and may not be jeopardized in the luiure. emergence and proliferation of Ukrainian students are taking no changes in the style and design of we suggest that a careful statement including the hunger protest and in Ukrainian culture and you loiow it! them? Sure, you have Ukrainian a machme and its motor is not cared derinmg the nature o( the commitment to Ottawa-.' But it is difficult for you to accept schools, but are any of them in- for, then it will rust away due the organi/cd be made before an aclion is undertaken. Was the tiunger protest this. You are a stubborn nation in the novative or experiential to the erosional effects of time and en- Delencc ol human rights action can only be by Ihc Committee lor the ocean of the world, which has students forced to go to them? vironment. It becomes obsolete. The pari> We are lold that the respected if it is unaligned with Valeniyn /'. managed throughout historical Language is another mainstay of a stagnatmg Ukrainian culture is now hunger polities, and it ihis non-ahgnmeni is Commitlee voted againsi the an antique, a curio, in this in- rerieeted in the membership eompusi- times to crest a wave a number of culture, but what percentage of the protest and w;is only "" inio novative and rapid-changing tion financial mdcpendenec ol an times only to submerge again into Ukrainian population speaks participation alter ihe ;iction had and organizing Committee public ac- the deeps of suppression. Only this Ukrainian, and of this percentage technological age. It has not been already begun. Bui even during ami ( with the environment, counting ol lunds'l time the pressure of the depths is too is. not ashamed to able to cope after itic action the hunger strikers what percentage Ic.r to to the present times; it , Would the Committee. great. You are lost sheep in a foreign nor adapt themselves denied ihe role ol the / use it when talking to their insianee. be willing to dclend .i dis- is time perform the autopsy. Commiltee. saying thai Ihey were land attempting to attain some sort Ukrainian friends in public? How to senlei Shumuk. whose siand is merely a group of individuals who telt of mutual Ukrainian identity in an many of these righteous people who -FEECH clearK ihat ol ihi: humanil.irian. thi- slronglv aboul the issue age and environment that will not know the language look down upon nian who struggled lor dcmuLraey and Traditionalist Mourns If "we Ukrainians were contused permit such a luxury. You suffer those Ukrainians who do not? What is has Ihe whole thing, the Canadian human rights He a man who — about from schizophrenia ; because you percentage of this proud group of Decay of Values was not. Ihey teporied been imprisoned hoih lur his press certainly are attempting the impossible — Ukrainians who know the language Amongst Youth membership the tummumsi I'.iriv § the action as one organized hy the m ()|i\4 trying to maintain an archaic, is more concerned with their own ilic puhhc and lor his participation m this Miito/ C ommiiii-e and . sours to compose traditional culture in this ac- What me struggle and who now eriuei/i^s the economic well-being which -~* accepted 11 us suHi. Pn^alcl^ ihcv letter is a phenomenon that celerating and complicated age of manifests an egotistic arrogance answered ihc question - Whu are these ideology, the history and praciicc ol surely rends the. heart of every Ci technology. another than about the people'" with "A buneh ol right- boih. toward one Ukrainian proud of his herltafle, wmg UWamians.- Most of you optimists will disagree maintenance and development of namely: the way our youth is (D And so the questions arise: "What with this theory, but only on Ukrainian culture? neslecting the hallowed traditions 3 is the Committee'.'" "What are — there are no / technical grounds KYK in Toronto is now supposedly of our ancestors. Perhaps ^ its polities'" The action itselt would facts to support this hypothesis. But, initiating an analysis of the STUDENT can lake up the clarion seem to indicate thai it is broadU call of a return to tradition and in order to realize what is happening Ukrainian community in order to ^ conser\'ali\e, appealing lo the older serve as a beacon guiding our in your community, one does not determine these and other figures. to the righl wing ^ gcneraiion and allied figures and data and per- youth back on the path trod by ^ require This is an extremely necessary The pari leipal ion ol 1.. our forefathers. own letter requires only a little My centages. One project because it will indicate just Yi./yk. the Chureh lathets and older will just mention a lew ol the realistic common sense. Sure^ you people poinl 111 tills ^^ e\eryoiic how quickly the Ukrainian com- organizations, your traditions so thoughtlessly scor- lliis more have your of you ideniifics Willi bl.iLk munity is dying. How many ned by our young people and will churches, yoiu- literary and art will truly be surprised by their indicate some of the sources clid)s, your resort areas, but these aiiil findings? It is a proven scientific these whipper-snap[jef s might establishments smeU from archaic fact that without an influx of turn to for regeneration. their own stagnation. Sure, you have revitalization — whether it be in I might start with the hookah or Plast CYM, ODYM, MYNO, and numbers, in ideas or in vigour — water-pipe, so popular in Cossacl< (No. 20. p..l(iK October 1972) organizations, but counUess otha- death is inevitable. An individual Ukraine during the days of nolabK Ih.ise ol To the editor: what percentage of the Ukrainian dies because of the deterioration of Mazepa. Klymentii ZInoviiv (Vir- IndiMdu.iK It has been expressed by various youth belong to these organizations, the co-ordinating cellular shi. Prypoviati potpolytil infers .,nd would have hkei sources thatToronto will b«:ome the and what percentage of this per- mechanisms necessary for the that whole villages In Ukraine did Ihe protest tell ihe nothing but manufacture new Jerusalem of Ukrainianism in centage continue in these maintenance of life; an ideology dies hookahs. The Cossacks learned Canada. However, these organizations to provide them with of its inability to relevant ,ul niiys because be ) Ihc purs ol life the hookah, which they called a distinguished and knowledgeable the necessary sap of vitality, and to the conditions of the limes; and klrenu ni: bardak, from the Tatars and Turks. are totally misinformed. you have your Ills At freshness? Sure, our world will die due lo the who takes or lelt-wi < Zinovilv affirms that some of the principles ^cnousU iliis dillidencc the same time, they misinform the churches — supposedly wie depletion of its resources and the understand. ibL- m siew loiiIiis Ukrainian people, whose work mainstays of a culture — but what extinction of the sun. And so, the (TRADITIONALIST conlinued situation ,ind a potent lally 1.01 within Ihe communis has become percentage of Ukrainian youth at- Ukrainian cultiire will pass away on page 41

Page 40; STUDENT. Anniversarv Issue !

LVU BOYCOTTS 12th KYK CONGRESS (No. 40, November 1977) Mykola Khyshevych LIGA AIN'T A COMIN' TO THE CONGRESS Over four hundred delegales ficult to understand anb guests from why the sell- across Canada appointed leadership locked to of LIGA saw the, Winnipeg Inn for fit to boycott the Congress on the '^^"'", October pretense 7 fo 19?7 ol Leonid Plyushch holding The 4lecrease democratic and in over-all par- humanitarian ticipation Marxist convictions. at this Congress can So directly why did LIGA boycott the be attributed to the for- mal KYK Congress? No one seems to and substantive of absence know for sure. especially delegates from the Canadian ihe membership ol LIGA itself!! League for the Liberation of One thing is certain — lhal the Ukraine (LIGA) and other alpha Ukrainian community is behind omega representatives ol the Leonid Plyushch. This fact was Ukrainian Liberation Front (b) manifested by one of the very Why did LIGA fir- boycott the KYK si resolutions, Congress? adopled by an almost unanimous majority of the Rumour has il that it was because delegates to' (he 12th KYK of Leonid Plyushch that LIGA Congress, welcoming Leonid reluctantly boycotted the program. KYK by internment in prisons and whose roots are founded in Plyushch to Canada and ex- Congress but he wasn't Another argument even suggests psychiatric asylums for their various political, social and pressing Ihe sincere gratitude of there! that Leonid Plyushch. by political views. cultural trends (one of the Ukrainian Canadian Although, the lotin- com- it is true that Leonid in Winnipeg speaking at the time So why did LIGA boycott the ding organizations of KYK was munity lor his work in the areas ol Plyusfich, as the official represen- Congress of the KYK was Congress the Ukrainian Workers' human rights and Ukrainian rn- tative in the West of the Kyiv- threatening the unity of organized Another argument suggests Organization —URO— which had dependence. basecJ Ukrainian Public Group in to Ukrainians Canada. This ap- that Leonid Plyushch s political a strong der-ocratic socialist and In conclusion, the Praesidium Promote the Implementation ol proach at best appears to be views are not representative of Marxist following). of the Ukrainian Canadian Com- the Helsinki Accords, was invited desperate. mittee those held by member Moreover, as a consistent and should be congratulated to address the 12th KYK fn reality, thousands of for organizations ol KYK. and outspoken proponent of the right having the courage to finally Congress by an overwhelming Ukrainians across North America call LIGA's moreover they appear threatening of the Ukrainian nation to self- bluff, thereby preven- majority of the Ukrainian have ralleyed together in support ting and even dangerous to Ukrainians determination and of the the Ukrainian Liberation Canadian Committee's executive. of Leonid Plyushch only general. —the in realization ol social justice within Front Irom manipulating the en- However. LIGA (remember) of- to Ukrainian oppositionist ever be Again we find ourselves fror- an independent democratic deavours of the 12th KYK ficially protested this move and released by Soviet authorities— dering on the realm of the absurd Ukrainian slate, Leonid Plyushch Congress. exercized its veto power against who has demonstrated himself to 'Informed sources' reveal that has attracted extensive and un- the will of the majority of the KYK of be among the most active all KYK is a cross-ideological um- precedented international at- executive — thereby cutting former Soviet -political prisoners, brella organization co-ordinating tention to tne Ukrainian question. Plyuihch from the Congress hitherto the victims of repression Ukrainian Canadian organizations Consequently it seems dif- THERE'S MORE TO THIS THAN MEETS THE EYE Orest Dorundiak

MULTICULTURALISM (No. 48. August 1978) AND THE soon be a year since BUREAUCRACY It will the agencies, however, have lived Norman Cafik became Minister of up to their obligations in this area, Flesponsible for Mul- State and several government ticulturalism. Cafik is the first able departments still seem unaware and ambitious minister who has that multiculturalism is an oFftcial been able to devote a considerable government policy. Every term from of time and effort to the "mosaic" to "cultural pluralism" is multiculturalism portfolio, and he is still used in preference to the use of doubtlessly treated far more Ihe word "multicultural" in descritb seriously in cabinet than were his ing Canada's cultural other fuM'time predecessors, diversity The limited horizonta* impacl Stanley hiaidasz and Joe Guay of multicuUuralism may partly be (John Munro was a capable due to the lack of representation for minister, but had only part-time multicuUuralism in the Pnme res|3onsibility for multiculturalism). Minister's Office (PMO) and the Cafik is an extremely energetic Privy Council Office (PCO). These person and has done his best to bodies, which co-ordinaie all raise the profile of multiculturalism suggestions regarding the re- at Ihe federal level. quirements ol the bureaucracy with Over the last year, however, il the political needs of the governing has become increasingly evident party, have greatly expanded in that a strong ministerial presence is recent years, and are playing an only one of the factors necessary increasingly active role as advisors lor the successful implememation to Ihe Pnme Minister and Cabinet ol the multiculturalism policy. C^fik Since the PMO and PCO are to has found himself in a situation provide advice across departmental similar to that of other Ministers ol lines, and try to focus attention on State in the areas of Science and the interrelationships of individual Technology, Urban Affairs. Sports departmental concerns m broad Physical Fitness, Small and and policy areas, they could be ex- Business. the aljove vary Although tremely effective in populanzing the greatly in size and nature, they are policy of multiculturalism all policy-oriented ministries which throughout the government Unfor- are to co-ordinate the many groups tunately, the lack of attention given — government agencies and private to this policy in these circles is organizations — which provide reflected in the absence ol any services in ttieir respective areas recent statements by the Prime and which affect or are affected by Minister dealing with mul- policies in these areas. ticulturalism and one must begin to term "co-ordination," The share of problems in dealing with Kruhlak, has to deal with the Assis- Directorate, and has left the policy question his own commilment to interpreted in however, can be government departments and agen- tant Undersecretary of State for open to political manipulation. the concept. traditional" various ways, and the cies. The Multiculturalism Direc- Citizenship and the Undersecretary Since 1975 there have been No matter how much time and to resent any ministries have tended torate, the administrative tiody of Stale. These senior decision- efforts to implement mul- effort Cafik himself devotes to their affairs. Two "interference" in responsible for implementing ttie makers treat the Multiculturalism ticulturalism on a horizontal basis; multiculturalism, the policy will years for example, a study limited ago. government's multiculturalism Directorate as they do any other that is, il was hoped that some have impact unless It is the Ministry of recommended that policy, itself has a somewhat anv program Within their domain, and. cultural agencies {e.g. the National given more prestige and respec- Technology State for Science and biguous position within the Depart- since the departure in 1974 ol Library, Public Archives, National tability in Ottawa The mul- its work t>e disbanded because ment of ttie Secretary of State. Bernard Ostry and Robert Nichols, Film Board, CBC, National Museum ticulturalism policy will beellective that of other partly duplicated Although the Minister Responsible have on the whole been indifferent of Man) and departments (e.g. only when it IS recognized" by all it was not bodies and because for Multiculturalism deals directly or occasionally even hostile to the Manpower and Immigration, Exter- levels ol the bureaucracy m both cooperation from receiving much with the Directorate on policy concept of multiculturalism. This nal Affairs) would rellecl Canada's government departments and agen- and private various government questions, where financial and indifference has led to poor morale multiculturalism policy in their cies, and receives more support agencies. administrative matters are concern- among Multiculturalism Directorate activities, and several cultural agen- from all of the political parties, State for Mul- The Ministry of ed the Director ol the Mul- staff members and some uncertain- cies were allotted special budgets including the Liberal Party. more than its ticulturalism has had ticulturalism Directorate, Orest ty at times about the future of the for multicultural purposes. Not allot

of our Traditionalist Many of e same youno people Knyzkka. Vyshensky asks why belore God. This is why we have deeper understanding in mind who have abandoned the hookah Roman Catholics make fun of shaggy hair." (...iak nebo ol traditions. I have (continued from page 40) are also ^amelessly shavir>e Ukrainian Orthodox monks. He zevuui, talc kotaia kolova at Guillaume Beauplan's Deicription habit of their {c. 1600 Cossacks "devetoped the faces as smooth as a baby's puts these words in a Catholic's kotmatoi mytlii% doatoiiutyom, of Ukraine. Beauplan through bum and hair hodnoitiu 1 ucktivoitiu pred Bokom French engineer who pulling on the hookah, cutting their mouth: "For this reason do I 1673) was a person lost working In which more than one grotesquely short. Why do they make fun (of the Ukrainian monk] daUcke $toit S« ie«( pryekyna spent many years bardakom so an- volotiai. Ukraine. Among the his sense" (inyi navyk abhor the ways of their ... because he wears long hair and Cossack tiahnuty: pre* kalryi n* udmmu cestors? Lx)no, shaggy hair - - has not shaved" toko tia So let us hope that our youth numerous fine traditions he recor- not to heart and "the habit pry$kh tbutyf. Might that Is our tradltton. Let us think tmuk, ...itk vohtia dolkoie noiyt takes these words ds, one is outstanding: this? will often our youth take Its cue from back to the very end of the six- ne podkolyvsia/. Vyshensky that In the future w:e see of drinking vodka and mead, Why seme wine and cheese at teenth century when Ukrainians wisely counters this shallow our shaggy, long-haired youth which makes the maidens readily water-pipe, Ukrainian student gatherings? defended their Orthodox Church reasoning with the following gathered around the accessible." be to against of Polish Iderat kin: "As smoking some sense-shattering How much better It would the onslaught profound cons around hopes for a future rooted in honor tradition and pass Catholicism. At thai time, the distant as heaven Is from earth, substance. With sub- monk Ivan distant Is Before closing this letter, past, the hookah filled with a Vyshensky celebrated Just so a shaved head the In offer one more effect a long In thought, however, I might I remain, stance that has the proper poem by Ivan Franko, from a shaggy head composed worthiness, dignity and honesty source worth consulting for a ATradittonallat on one's sense! hiB Kmygkka. In the STUDENT, Anniversary Issue: Page 41 1

CONTEXT THE UKRAINIAN STUDENT MOVEMENT IN SUSK — THE quo and I shared an anti-status quo- His work that summer rebellion against the status quite . Impact on tfie bent, and I was therefore phenomenal think the fact that students were had a announced hire students for a cer- of his day. surprised when he proposal was that SUSK being drafted to fight a war which Ukrainian students The Canada and en- that he was running for SUSK them to various they vvere not sure was morally Bohdan travelled period of time and send Ukrainian students to president. tain justifiable was the crux of the couraged on live and en- community. There were things going communities where they would radicalism of the sixties. In many get involved In the Ufcffl/n/an Vancouver to behind the scenes which were to involved cases students sought out a He came to local student population to get congress give SUSK a tremendous shot In courage the rationale for why America was in organize the SUSK the arm at this lime. The federal the issues it faced. In and imposing on them which was to lake place at U.B.C. Ukrainian community and Vietnam jusf approved in the Day weekend 1969. government had to do its dirty work — radical on Labour organizational standpoint him, and the Official Languages Act and idea from an when I tirst met my view this ideologies became more This is make sure got involved with was concerned to development in the believable and acceptable. It when I first single most important there would be no backlash. was the SUSK. From here on in I can became In vogue to be a student and Modest movement. ' of SUSK and the Roman Petryshyn of the Ukrainian student activist and anti-American — relate the history history movement from Cmoc prepared a brief to the history that was Ukrainian student whatever good Federal government which ob- personal experience. one being written in America was grant of for me 1965 SUSK had about to know tained a travelling not always pleasant By It is important U is clubs overshadowed by the awesome the costs of the years and thousand members in 20 about the background $10,000 to defray to think bacl< over scourge of war. Draft dodgers something across Canada. One doesn't sen- became the transportation to the SUSK recall my personal experiences causing of the individuals who flocked into Canada for those Canadian se any significant activity among through the congress in Vancouver with the Ukrainian Canadian campuses (o follow the leadership in SUSK Union Ukrainian students until one gives an in- who came. University Students" campus struggles. ensuing years as It President's Report American The fact that Bohdan had spent times thlnklno about reads the sight Into why SUSK was like it (SUSK). At North American student the SUSK evokes prepared by Andrew Gregorovich background may have the entire summer advertising past incidents in organizations were caught up in was. My anxiety, 8th SUSK congress taking others that congress, the fact that Vancouver feelings of Intense for the activism. Political been typical of many 19S6. This the surge of attractive place to hold anger. Yet 1 place in Toronto in in SUSK. was an frustration and even flourished on campuses. later got active aciivHies of debates money granted byi was actively report covers the in Edmonton and the event, the if anyone who had its I grew up doubt The anti-war movement political late - 1966 and the government, and the Involved in SUSK during the SUSK from 1 student belonged to the traditional youth effects on the Ukrainian of items of in- climate of the times all combined early seventies regret- there are a number organizations and churches, etc. sixties and movement as well. Students ten- congress matter tiow you terest from our standpoint. graduation Irom high to make the Vancouver ted it. SUSK, no to be more receptive to Just after the fact ded history. It the final analysis Aside from recording Vancouver and a watershed In SUSK looked at it, In Ukrainian activism. Ideas and tac- school 1 moved to president wrote people together, It a remarkable set that the SUSK stay as far away from brought new provided us with tics of organization were resolved to over his 3 year term, of experiences. 127 letters from the general that SUSK borrowed prophetic that I the report mentions It seems almost community and applied its first student invited to speak to you prepared and submitted should be — to the Ukrainian scene. history federal government here in Vancouver on the brief to the student 5000 word document of the Ukrainian the 7 page, ERA OF FIELDWORK Van- "'The Canadian THE movement - lor it was at a was entitled: Opinions of congress at the beginning rjation: Some Lakehead couver Thus in 1968 the SUSK was Canadian University Students of of the seventies that Ukrainian Club sub- out- Brief presen- University catapolted inio the role ol an Ukrainian Descent". national Commission on mitted a proposal to the standing Canadian organization ted to the Royal student executive of SUSK to hire i many social forces on Bilinguallsm and Biculturalism with whom tieldworkers. The idea was taken Canadian scene had to deal, 1965, by the Ukrainian Canadian the from the Canadian Students to organize that University Students' Union. and I helped Young Significantly Union and the Company of Perhaps this congress Toronto, 1965 . congress. Canadians which had been rur.- of a new the report does not signals the beginning however, sociai issue ning programs of student era ol similar importance lor suggest that SUSK took animation, and Roman Peiryshyn SUSK? with the use of the term made the suggestion that SUSK Jusl as you were not around biculturalism" to depict make-up. do the same. The proposal was. limes that 1 was ac- Canada's cultural during those for a cei- apparently came that SUSK hire students tive in SUSK, and its president, so (Something that But tain period of time and send them was not around diiti(\Q most atonQ ta\et \r\ SUSK history.^ loo various Ukrainian communltiwb activism of the six- perhaps the most important part lo of the student would live and en- for what the President where ihey lies and much of that period of the report is Future courage the local student but a vague writes under the title "The me represents Involved in the to ex- population to get memory. Yei the closing years of of SUSK" because it serves Ukrainian community and the had a profound in- plain what SUSK was all about that decade this, issues It laced. In my view fluence both on the North during those times, and where ii from idea Irom an organizational stand- American society in general, and was headed. Let me quote point was the single most im- Ukrainian community In par- the report: the development in the like to portant ticular. For this reason I'd SUSK history of the Ukrainian student focus in on the Ukrainian "What future has SUSK? Without it. SUSK of that period Ukrainian University Clubs movement." student movement and the created by an would never have grown into if it can tell us anything are riding on a wave to see in arrived from active organlzatlon it became about what is happening to our immigration which immigrants the early seventies. With the ac- students' movement today. 1946 to 1964. These ' national executive was now to ceptance of this proposal SUSK The task tor the Just to keep things in per- and their children were close to entered a new phase in Its spective, bear in mind that the sources of Ukrainian feeling starting with SUSK evolution distinguishable by a the center of activity been born in Ukraine. Canada was havino approach to third more professional really con- as far as student activism was •I myself am a raised Issues never deeper as possible. I never Ukrainian organization, and a Ukrainians us a concerned during this phase, as it generation Canadian ol fronted before. It imparted to which lead to a completely cut oil ties, but I the proud to be a thinking on issues Things today, so by looking at descent. 1 am feeling of importance. is Iramework ol analysis of remained at the fringe of the com- Ukrainian-Canadian student and an heir to the wider THE MAGIC Canadian all interested in cam- were happening! what Ukrainian students were munity. I was movement we are in effect Ukrainian heritage. Yet there is WAS THERE. about- pus politics and attended analysing the focal point of the some notion prevalent that the Perhaps this is an appropriate meetings of an organization is a lesser breed ON THE movement. Canadian born Democratic MULTICULTURALISM ' their moment to make a passing com- called Students for a .— at least as far as RISE say that I ment of a theorelical nature Society (SDS). I can't THE RADICALISM OF Ukrainianism goes. Perhaps this exam- which might help to understand completely shared the views of THE SIXTIES may be true but there are When the congress drew to a happening to SUSK. In belonged to this it. But let us what was those who ples that disprove close Ukrainian student life with- my view the term 'movement' organization because they was not the first return to the future ol SUSK. its lethargy for a SUSK themselves drew back into In half a million denotes a specific phenomenon couldn't agree among Ukrainian students' union "Today out of while. But for the next several - not necessarily it they were con- During the period 1927 Canadians there are which is on what was experience Canada. Ukrainian years It would often Western between synonymous with the term cerned about. There was no doubt 1933 there existed in about 37.000 who arrived rude awakenings as issues were "organization'. A movement con- that SDS was against the students - less than 8% however Canada a Ukrainian 1946 1964. That is brought by the national executive primarily of individuals American involvement in Vietnam. organization called the Central of total. In other words only sists Krawchenko ol the heard of me right to Its door step. Canada 100 Ukrainian united by a common philosophy Krawchenko had Ukrainian Students of seven out ol every and Petryshyn had gotten — outlook on life which in- before coming to Vancouver it collapsed in its of the recent an (TUSK) although Canadlaris is together and written a brilliant Not much tegrates knowledge gained from because he too had been a mem- sixth year of existence. arrivals. position paper on disciplines Into a con- ber of SDS at Bishops University TUSK as far as I various is known about "Twenty years from now this multlculturalism In response to sistent 'total systems' view, in a in Quebec where he had also and it would be 3%. of have determined, will have dwindled to perhaps the lourth volume of the report to movement, philosophy is a been the editor of the campus very interesting for somebody A student today of 21 years of age Royal Commission on organization is a In a way Bohdan and the organization , primary, and newspaper. write a paper on this could have been born in Ukraine and Biculturalism movement be grateful to certain Bilinguallsm feature. A I should — particulary because it existed growing. secondary Groups in 1945. But this gap is entitled The Other Ethnic period therefore far broader and wider right wingers In the Ukrainian during the depression — a decade there will be vir- is the national In one on the The task for which the communist in outlook than an organization community who passed during tually no European born Ukrainian executive was now to convince necessarily Is limited only rumours which led to our first Ukrainian community in Canada Canadian students. This could which Canada was truthfully, everybody that great strength. to specific goals. Members of a meeting- To tell you gained lead to a crisis in SUSK and In multicultural — starting with I felt in December movement have an entire when I first met Bohdan SUSK was started Ukrainian student clubs..." membership. share with for him. Here was this guy SUSK of 1953 In Winnipeg where Vera say philosophy that they sorry defence of 1 think it would be fair to around Multiculturalism, became its first one another, members of an from back East travelling Zarowski thai this quote represents the Ukrainian political prisoners, and goals. by bus, single- president. Throughout the filtles the leader- organization only certain Vancouver the concerns of at least a fieldwork became appears to have been With the introduction of field- handedly trying to organize SUSK ship of the Ukrainian student philosophical nexus of the it ap- internally oriented, work, in my view SUSK was begin- students' congress in which fairly community of the early sixties. Ukrainian student movement. clubs and coor- ning take on the character of a peared to me hardly anybody had organizing local But there were outside factors lo About these subjects, most of us also fairly any interest. It was obvious he dinating them — and beginning to play an movement. agreement, or could that were and he were either In Until the mid-sixties, It was not until the summer of didn't have much money, dormant. important role lor students in be converted. The philosophy SUSK actual fieldwork was having trouble finding a place with one or two exceptions. North America and were begin- 1969 that the cohesiveness and In- invite him lacked and Conferences ap- program got off the ground. Two to stay- 1 decided to Congresses ning to exert an inlluence on the tegration, but there was enough fairly primitive tieldworkers were hired that year over for supper- We talked, and pear to have been Ukrainian students' movement. keep us pasted together involved In there to — focusing on organizational — Bohdan Krawchenko and Orest over time I got might The war in Vietnam was for a while. In passing I spending much Novakiwsky, but Bohdan was the organizing the congress. business and not with it so were precisely the In- escalating, and add that It was I Bohdan it through the Philosophically think lime on wider Issues. signs of protest and student only one who made Page 42: STUDENT. Anniversary Issue by Andrij Sem^tiuk GOOD OLD DAYS (No. 40. November 1977} tegraiing Character of SUSK why fieldworklng was possible during iheae at tario. Artists from across Canada limes that made il this time was because idea was to so there were met. discussed, make some video over the country students exciting — in our ranks held seminars were we funds available from I apes involving Ukrainian (ound govern- and workshops — truly going on hunger strikes in peopie from all disciplines: a unique defen- ments. SUSK became an expert historical themes. A federal ce engineers, at phenomenon that will never of or in solidarity with lawyers, doclors. milking occur government governments for funds again gram was obtained to Ukrainian poliiical scientists, for a very simple reasson — political prisoners. sociologists, We were having an cover much ot the expenses, historians.etc. Impact with rt cost about $35,000 to 12 Ukraine once again became In this cross fer- our hold it sludents the multicultural campaign were eventually hired al- prime focus lilizatiori one had Bdh- and SUSK ended up roughly of student lite. The the opportunity dan was getting ter a disappointing response release to develop publicity, and $10,000 in the hole. from of Leonid Plyushch led his understanding ot Ihe to people were paying attention.The government. Most ot the field- Ihe beginnings hirnself and the world around him of perhaps a new question ot Ukraine was at workers were Involved with era in one got this THEUNEASXSEVENTIES the Ihe movement. — 3 better grip of reality time of programs, secondary importance to some worked in the have purposely and a clearer definition ommitied an of one's SUSK although much activity community. One noteworthy analysis was The summer of 1971 was like in depth ot the last tew problems because of the sharing an directed at the defence of enormous project was the organization ot years of orgasm SUSK because I of vrewpoints with other of several an- Ukra.nlan political prisoners. A the Saskatoon Youih ticipated students. polarization years work. The momentum was Jamboree that most ol you would of views which was beginning to take still on the brought together many be familiar with this Now that we haTlHuKS increase and success period from our place here which did not really after young people in the prairies area first hand experience. success gave I philosophy, it SUSK an aura do not was lime to spread il surface until November ot 1971, of power — was organized by Halya wish to convey U. This was the which magnetized the impression essential role that bul which was Kuchmij, one of the SUSK important for un- students of Ukrainian descent best field- that these SUSK times were not played tor many years to derstanding to workers SUSK ever the 'fall' of SUSK. it. But had. But in at least as significant follow; the crusader the Ukrainian student as earlier for But we'll return to that. dream terms of concrete results, Video periods. multiculturalism. was coming to an end. I recall the time With the end of the SUSK didn't produce very summer ot Thousands of dollars were much. that I personally being was first In- 1970 Marusia Kucharyshyn By the end of the summer SUSK troduced wasted in efforts to mobilize the EVALUATION to this idea. It had several was in became president of SUSK. Andrij hundred yards ot vir- Toronto student community, many leaders at the SUSK office at 67 Bandera worked tually, useless video-tape as a full time were finding their energies and At the great risk of over- Harbord St. 1 spent had |ust flown in enormous debts — fieldworker with Marusia in about $20,000 simplifying I Toron- and their tolerance at an ebb. would say ihai the from Vancouver and to be exact. come to, and I believe that the 1970 — With The liteblood of aspirations of SUSK have down to the election of Marko been to the office — Petryshyn 1971 student activism — — maintain SUSK year was the climax of Bojcun SUSK was beginning money and develop a Ukrainian was my mentor. He sat to" had been me down several years totally drained and what culture in of activity. That year feet the pains of years of Canada and to help — Krawchenko was was left busy doing was both outstanding was an empty shell, a create a free and the sustained growth. But the Ukraine. As neither something but was also listening remnant ot a once of nemesis ot SUSK at one and the momentum carried powerful ihese general objectives are in to the conversation. SUSK forward I sensed movement. That is a same time. what I realistic in The issue ot even though it was my estimation given Infested with inherited when I was elected present realities, debts and internecine strife. The SUSK has to president of SUSK in focus of Ottawa in define tor Itself more concrete ob- attention shifted to a the summer ot 1972. jectives which are KYK congress taking place in realistically at- Tiiries^were changing, the tainable. Winnipeg in October, 1971. So political climate of the over-all strong was But the risk of this approach is the dedication of society once almost electrifying, that SUSK will then Ukrainian student youth that they become an now was waning into a simmering organization as undertook a hunger strike In Win- opposed to a tizzte. The war in Vietnam was movement. As nipeg demanding a meeting with tar as the Prime over as far as America was con- Ukrainian student Minister Trudeau to get him movement side cerned. Students began taking a of to intervene on behalf the picture is concerned, much of the more conservative Ukrainian political prisoner Valen- posture of what was once the uniting towards activism. tyn Moroz. The Prime Minister, philosophy has eroded. who was there to make an ofllciat announcement that the govern- ment had endorsed a But the Ukraim'an student dream was coming to multicultural policy (which was an end. Thousands of dollars were being wasted in ef- another success for SUSK). agreed to meet with the hunger forts to mobilize the student community, many strikers. Yuri) Boshyk did most of leaders were finding *«. the negotiating with the Prime their energies spent and their Minister's office and Trudeau tolerance at an ebb. 9 agreed to raise the case of Moroz when Kosygin came for a visit to During 1972 - 1973 Canada. Another SUSK success! SUSK star- Multiculturalism has been pushed ted taking a more commercial ap- as far as it can go on a cross- The last event that took place proach to student lite — raising ideological level. The dilemna before the SUSK deluge was the money to pay debts. The CBC Ac- facing SUSK now is that the visit ot next former Premier Alexi tion was commenced which was step is to adopt an ideology, but Kosygin of the USSR to Canada in directed at getting multilingual to do so is late October to contradict SUSK's ot 1971. Thousands broadcasting on Canadian net- cross-ideological character. In ot people demonstrated In cities works, A growing tension bet- this sense SUSK is a across" Canada. limiting as Students were ween the Set Them Free Com- opposed again to a liberating at the forefront of these miltee and SUSK haunted other organization. For 99% of the demonstrations. In Toronto an in- areas of work, STUDENT came Ukrainian student population the convince everybody that p'^ce which i believe Canada was multicultural — out regularly and perhaps was the incapacity of the organization to had a significant impact on the major solidifying force in student jump Into Ideology is political thought ot SUSK leaders membership. 9 lite. meaningless because they have — the police without cause, In the years that followed the not been saturated with rushed a SUSK feeling of crowd ot 4000 Ukrainian left Ukrainian anxiousness as multiculturalism intensified, student community student life. For this reason SUSK demonstrators, and the police Petryshyn went through the Ukraine can be characlerized as in- will always be Imponant once again started horses and at least arguments with me — they really police activity led to creasingly hostile as an becoming the dominant Issue (o the Ban organization If not as a many injuries and an ofllciat wanted to convince me. could derivfsf"; those not in the Marxist movement- But tor SUSK, the fieldwork program ex- those of us see inquiry by the Province of Ontario circles that. 'What is the Canadian panded enormously were left somewhat un- who seek out more in our com- and this built which put the blame cultural make-up?". Petryshyn on the police certain as to what direction munity than free up momentum of past years was to , open asked force. But many young leaders follow. SUSK me with an earnest look on carrying us forward. debts while cleared democratic structures, or who his face. would never torget how completely 'Bicultural?'", I an- in Marusia's In my year as aspire for more than just a vague year as president, Ukrainians swered. "Multicultural" — and had been beaten up by president, returned Free Ukraine", SUSK managed to get enough to beleaguer SUSK will remain then the local police on that day. Ukrainian he explained and I was con- student lite to this a reservoir tor recruiting government funding to hire 20 very per- vinced. This I think the November issue ot day. went on over and students for summer sonnel and an unforgettable fieldwork. I over again In the ranks of SUSK- STUDENT in 1971 was a crucial In 1974 SUSK passed historical was one ot the lieldworkers again through memory issue in the history ot the The radicalism ot the sixties that another phase in its development summer; I worked In Ottawa did not Ukrainian student movement, lis — the hunger die down in our com- lobbying M.P.'s strike mania, AH on articles for the first time uncover munity until around 1971 and multiculturalism. I also was the therefore ideological underpinings which I am adding that time in- coordinator of another summer will surface in time and shatter to the period of the sixties. The lieldwork program organized un- summer SUSK. The issue contains an ar- of 1970 saw the begin- der the name "Towards nings a ticle written by Trotsky in the of a massive campaign con- Ukrainian Unity" (Government i930's on Ukraine, ducted by SUSK to convince name) which and an article employed 35 studen- by Yurij Canadians that Canada was a Boshyk which infuses for ts as fieldworkers In Ukrainian the first time, a class analysis in- muHicultural country. SUSK em- youth organizations like CYM & to the issue ot multiculturalism ployed 9 fieldworkers that sum- PLAST. SUSK was trying to ac- and focuses on upward mobility mer who largely worked on tivate a body called the Rada as an impossibility ofganlzing for us. I inter-ethnic con- UkraJinskoJI MolodI Kanady ferences believe this issue had a profound whose theme was a (RUMK) to begin coordinating all etteci on the student movement; demand on our governments to our Ukrainian youth il certainly had a profound effect recognize Canada's multicultural organizations, and the way it character. was on me. The honeymoon was doing It was to set me up as the coming to an end, and differing I really have to hand it to Boh- coordinator ot government money political views were dan Krawchenko for his genius surfacing. Andrii J. Semoliuk. LL.B-, 'or all the youth groups. was SUSK president in here. HUMK There was 3 consolidation in the He was exceptionally good basically didn't 1972-73. l-ie is currently Senior Otficer responsible for work out - but Marxian Ukrainian left which at debating with opponents of that's another economic development policy. Department story. What was im- could be seen the ol Federal multiculturalism and was a sound subsequent and Intergovernmental 'fie summer of issues of STUDENT. The Com- Atlairs, Province of Alberta, political theoretician that could foT,^"*!.'?'/^1971 SUSK had directly and in- and resides in Edmonton. Previous to this 'orce mittee for the Defence ot Valen- Mr. Ministers into theoretical directly about 50 fieldworkers lyn Moroz was being divided Semotiuk pursued the practise of law, and isa member contortions. I might just add that throughout Canada along ideological and personauty ol the Bars ol the Provinces ol It was Bohdan who started Ontario, British '^'^f^'^' undertaken lines — a split was developing Columbia, and Alberta, and the State STUDENT In the summer of 1969 tha summer of New York. Which had an enor- and the Set Them Free Com- I This overview was one of the fieldworkers mous .rnpact of SUSK appears in lieu ol an article on Ukrainian culture mittee (a left-leaning committee) Who worked in the summer ot by Ivir Semotiuk in the "Presidents Articles" section ol « organization of evolved. '970a'O _— the,he second year ot the ,heh«^?if^? this anniversary issue. It was first Ukrainian Canadian Fes presented at the 18th "eldwork reason iva Tfie summer of 1972 involved project. The of the Arts in SUSK Congress held in Vancouver, August 1977. Thunder Bay On- SUSK in a video-tape project. The

STUDENT. Anniversary Issue: Page 43 CONFRONTING MYln SUSK IN RETROSPECT: CAN YOU HAVE YOUR

visitations. STUDENT, who did develop a public presence ethnic group, d) Ihe argument that 1977 issue of nationalist community favour the club In the October. the problems ol newly theory This version fieldwork protects, letters, and the were often typecast as aggressive arrived STUDENT Andrii IHakuch wrole an conspiratorial are telephone were used to bring the harridans.'" These attitudes remain- immigrant communities were not concerning the myths that holds that Ukrainian youth editorial file synonymous with the problems — conservative executive closer to rank and ed largely unchallenged and are still have enveloped the SUSK ex- basically healthy. who members. Despite these elforts. a problem to this day, lacing long established ethnic com- He noted that for inany and/or passive — while those perience munities, II ethnic with were considerable friction existed CANADIAN' communities this experience was largely became involved SUSK EARLY POLICY: THE sludents the National were to survive in Canada they must evil forces. Fill in any between the clubs and irreleuani, but for others it had ted astray by WAY OF LIFE executive Much of this friction by the have access lo the broader albatross that needed or all of the following; a) com- The issues raised become an resources of the society Maoists stemmed Irom the nature of the the strategy and as a whole. burying These myths refuse to lade munists, KGB agents, b) organization and and the daily decision To this end government support, Keep anarchists, Trotskyists c) Marxist executive tactics that il employed were away, the 'old warriors' lederally. and cor- making process. Within the ex- the origins and com- provincially and reappearing, and a reoccuring professors d) a decadent mediated by ecutive, decisions were taken alter a leadership. municipally, was essential. problematic faceslhecurrentSUSK rupt society, e) misguided in- position ol the SUSK Krawchenko, long period ot involved discussions. dominated the The adopted strategy and lac- executive. the myths are to be dividuals such as Two major issues- Considerable continuity existed organization; the tics owed much to the type ol we must come lo terms with Bo|cun, Petryshyn. Bozhyk etc, discussions ot the buried decisions activism developed by Saul Alinsky will note that women do between executives and perspectives lor 500.000 the legacy of the past ten years. As (here one status and number ol and the extra-parliamentary op- in as corrupting in- were influenced by any Canadians and dissent in one of the 'old warriors' who was not ligure Ukrainian second popular theory collective experiences. The diflicul- active in SUSK from 1969-1974 fluences,)' A phenomena as Ihe ty lay in sharing this experience the West and in the East, on the club views the SUSK — Krawchenko with an ever changing SUSK and executive level as a volunteer work of two men of and Petryshyn, The tale begins with membership. and f leldworher, and as a member was reinlorced by to the the appearance of two vozhd-like This gap the Lett. I hope to contribute well you regional and often generational burial of the myth. figures in the East and, For eight out of ten know the rest- A third version would d'ifterences. executive would be THE SIXTIES AND SUSK see SUSK as the Ukrainian Cana- years the located in Toronto, Most executive Ten years ago, policemen dian counterpart of Canadian new- as Student members were recruited from the rioted in the streets ol Chicago, left organizations such the nationalist community,' Many had students and workers brought the Union lor Peace Action of Students. Yet been involved previously with com- French state to the brink of Canadian Union ol have us munity youth organizations such as collapse, American forces es- another popular tale would Ihe result ot Plast, SUM, and CYMK. [Here it calated the war m Vietnam, a civil believe that SUSK was personal should be noted that by the time rights movement organized in a byzanline web ot they entered the executive they Northern Ireland. Soviet tanks friendships. intrigues, enmities. were largely disenchanted,) In the rolled into the streets ot Prague and relationships, and seventies, SUSK executive an emigre Ukrf nian nationalist The four versions cited above early of members were drawn from across organization released a remarkable have served mainly as the source but by 1973 it was again document from Soviet Ukraine endless political anecdotes and Canada largely a Toronto based grouping. entitled Internationalism or tales. All lour versions develop tacts do shed some light on Russification These events were logically, provide a neat explana- These and the policies adopted by SUSK. For not (otaUv unrelated and cotlecUve- \ion tot a complex process, militani political Ihe shed more light on the polilics (or example, the )y they sent tremors Ihroughoui narrator lhan traditions of the (irst two world, Jdeologica/ norms were lack ot po/Jlics) ol the discussion. All generations in Canada was largely challenged, cultural forms dis- the question under unknown. Attempts lo rediscover sected and the politics of dissent four versions have some basis in this heritage lay low on the list ol rehabilitated. For a layer of Ukrai- fact Krawchenko and Petryshyn priorities adopted by the organiza- nian Canadian youth this did play an important role in SUSK, tion,^ Concern with language reten- revolutionary upheaval raised a the political perspectives ol the tion was a carryover from a plethora of ideologically Canadian new-letl did influencethe nationalist upbringing. troublesome concepts. In 1968 the development of SUSK. SUSK was In the early seventies the ex- Montreal based executive of SUSK an amalgam of mdividuals, personal ecutive saw itsell as more than a adopted a modest programme that relations did underpin political governing body. Many executive would transform a hitherto passive relations, and SUSK was influenced had come to the conclu- organization into a focal point lor by ideologies other than right wing members sion that if the Ukrainian communi- this newly radicalizing stuOeni nationalism Up till now,attemplsto synthesize an analysis have been ty was lo survive in Canada it would far To date we do so not because of Ihe community If 1968 was a year ol global few and between. It, SUSK's role was upheavals within the Ukrainian lack an understanding of SUSK's but in spite o) only lo provide political diaspora the status-quo remained evolution. Its ideological sources, not raised, leadership but a cultural alternative largely unchallenged Having said its leadership, Ihe issues il tactics that it as well. A lew attempts were made this one should point out that a the strategy and to organize events such as dances generalized state of crisis pervaded employed, and its achievements this with rock bands, colfee houses, the the community. In Canada both and shortcomings,^ Hopefully like Most activity took the form of nationalist and Stalinist formations paper will generate a discussion prolonged discussions on were growing older and were un- around these questions. authoritarianism, sexual liberation, able to replenish their ranks with — the psychedelic experience, the young, politically conscious BUILDING SUSK nature ol Ukrainian culture, sexism, cadres During the titties our elder REORGANIZATION AND culture, rock music and the brothers and sisteis discarded their REVITALIZATION youth make Ukrainian culture ethnic baggage as quickly as possi- Most accounts of SUSK in the need to relevant for the mass ol Ukrainian ble, donned an apolitical stance and new period date Ihe revitalization of Canadians, These discussions had melted into mainstream suburbia the organization to the lieldwork consequences. Firstly a critique The lew who didn't, held posilions activities of Krawchenko which two of North American cultural forms in the student sector of the culminated in the 1969 Vancouver into Ihe lifestyle nationalist or Stalinist community. Congress They point lo the new was incorporated For the reasons slated above, policies and leadership that of a small milieu that centered Toronto executive. the appearance of a revitalized originated in Vancouver. A careful around the Long welcomed in the examination ot this proposition will hair, blue-jeans, and Indian cottons, SUSK was initial skirmishes of Ukraine. Ol the two issues the position." In the nationalist community. Commen- reveal that many ol the innovations became de-riguer at any number generated two tactics were advanced. The first noted originatewithihe 1966-69 executive. SUSK functions,'' Secondly a greatest excitement was tators such as M l^flyroniuk by-pass governmental to by the problem of minority rights in was to the diflerence between the"siudeni Fieldwork. STUDENT, the beliel serious attempt was made Canada. After the Vancouver Con- bodies, to organize popularsupport activists" of the sixties and their that SUSK must become much develop Ukrainian Canadian small knot of individuals was among all ethnic groups in Canada, These more ol a professional grouping, culture via Ihe staging of Ihe Ukrai- gress a "lethargic predecessors."' pressuring the government Festival Arts. convinced that political activity thereby new activists could have an impor- and the decision to challenge nian Canadian of the conditions lor into action — a type of ethnic, extra- federal policies vis-a-vis minorities Any discussion of leadership could change social tant influence "on the future path of With this Ukrainians in Canada and abroad. parliamentary opposition. populous in Canada all dale back to this inevitably leads us to the thorny Ukrainian life in such series ol multi-cultural sexism within the What remained unresolved was how in mind a ., The 1969-70 executive built problem of centers as Winnipeg and Toronto period. organized across affect this change. Out of Ihe conferences were York and Munich,"- as well as upon this foundation, lleshed out organization. Although SUSK prid- to New concept Canada and contacts were Itself on the large number ol ensuing debate came the "future events in Ukraine."' More these concepts and infused them ed groups multi-culturalism. developed between ethnic variety ol women who occupied leading ol importantly they could be drawn with an activist content A municipal level. The ideological sources ol Ihe on a federal and ol ihe new-left symbols and concerns positions in the organization it into the thinning ranks second tactic adopted was to a haven from a sexist policy owe much to the crisis in The nationalist organizations. This permeated the organization — never became ser- struggle ol op- pressure politicians and civil society. Overtly sexist attitudes Quebec and the honey-moon was short-lived The student movement, student power, Ottawa. however sex- pressed minorities in the United vants directly in independent course adopted by Ukrainian power, solidarity cam- were frowned upon, in more subtle States, An examination ol both in a collision course paigns and the commitmeni to ism was expressed SUSK ended coincided with dis- EARLY POLICY: DISILLUSION- lorms. For a large number ol women experiences with Ihe nationalist establishment. develop alternate cultural lorms. " cussions of the "Ukrainian fad MENT as the new-left cliche Continuity between the old and new their first introduction to SUSK SUSK became underpinned In Ihe short term this strategy politics via the typewriter. Four key conceptions it people our parents executive was provided by in- was put 'the recognition ol the proved to be highly successful. The ' the policy; a) a such as H, Petryshyn. Promising males on the other hand warned us against dividuals federal government announced the into the "French fact" in Canada, b) a In the ensuing years a number In the next nine years con- were quickly integrated nation theory of adoption of a multi-cultural policy organization and thrust into Ihe rejection of the two of pseudo-theories arose to explain siderable effort was devoted to good that number Canada ~ arguing that the Cana- and prospects looked SUSK's evolution. Most of these, building an active, grassroots, stu- public limelight. Although a would dian reality was in fact multi-ethnic, provincial governments theories belong to the epic tradition dent movement. Conferences of of women were influential within the retention follow suit. After the lederal policy was rarely ex- c) Ihe belief that language or are, at best, pieces of lolk- club presidents. Eastern and organization, this changed was the key lo the survival of any announcement tactics history. Certain segments of the Western conferences, think-lanks, pressed publicly- Those women

Page 44: STUDENT. Anniversary Issue Tatrr.r, Tkachuk

I No. 45. May 1978) CHEESE AND EAT IT TOO? considerably. The atlempt to the government reinforced nian Canadian community. Political organize on a multi-elhnic level fell divisions REORIENTATION AND within the SUSK barriers THE PAR- problems arising Irom away ex- fell and artists who had TING OF these con- and most energies were ecutive. One group THE WAY tradictions stressed Ihe grown up in nationalist and generated the left wing devoted to full-time lobbying of Stalinist The most striking the need to continue to react diflerences current in to govern- organizations met one another and SUSK It was a long, federal government. Within a ment initiatives developed around Ihe question {or lack of) by discussed the of muddled, heart-breaking aflair Old relatively prospects for ihe who short period of time it lobbying key defends prisoners best — politicians and civ.l development allegiances fell aside, long standing became evident ol Ukrainian- governmenis ^ lhal the federal servants, while a (if so which personal friendships second group Canadian culture. Significantly the snapped un- government was not willing or questioned the governments) labor, intellecluals. der the very viability of the vast majority of participants came pressure, and an air ol inlerested in developing ethnic policy. Discussions students ana/or all of the above. confusion began to focus from outside community structures. reigned supreme Once languages or cultures, Multi- on the class Debate on thrs question carried on again the search nature of mul- Conference organizers noted that lor new forms was culturalism il in fits began to look more and ticulturalism and and starts throughout this placed on the whether cultural the achievements of the festival agendaol the day By more like an extension of the old rights period to Ihe present could be secured could be day Whai the 1973 CESUS Congress, the without translated on a pan- dominated pork-barrel system. Ethnic fundamentally the debate was the way socialist current altering the struc- Canadian scale then one could had consolidated organizations and power talk that differeni sectors brokers ture of Canadian society about ol North its position. Its intervention into the The the development of a new American competed annually for a slice of the summer 1972 sociely responded to this Congress produced fieldwork project cultural fabric. If Ihe a chain reac- federal festival was a question. pie in return lor loyalty to reflected the As early as 1968, SUSK tion that would return chanqe For exampi success then the follow up was a to haunt the approached the Canadian Union of nationalist community A disaster. The commitment to month Students with a resolution condem- later publish a Ukrainian the largesl. most active, Ukrai- Canadian Arts ning the repression of democratic nian American students Catalogue ran into a stone wall of organiza- rights in Ihe U S S.R After con- indifference. tion. TUSM, developed a left wmg Lack ol proper fun- siderable debate the resolution was split and ding and management New DIreclions was left difficulties passed and the Union published conspired a asking the question "Whose Left?"" against the successful booklet on repressions in Ukraine The genesis and completion of the project.'^ development Later actions tended to focus their of the first left wing current to attention on the Canadian REORIENTATION es- appear m the emigration lor over AND THE FER- tablishment — media, government, twenty years marked a watershed in MENT IN UKRAINE and"public opinion." The response SUSK's • Attention development. Us very^ and interest shifted to well organized, hunger away strikes, appearance provoked a crisis. This from multiculturalism to the demonstrations and rallies, was nebulous "Left" alter all opposition in was com- Ukraine, Surely if deafening — a few, quiet words posed largely of the past Ukrainian culture leadership was to survive it through diplomatic channels, an ot the organization. SUSK however would only do so if il flourished in end lo inflammatory comparisons was supposed Ukraine fHassive to be a "cross- arrests in Ihe between the FLO and Ihe opposi- ideological" body, not a political spring of 1972 served to focus tion in Ukraine, a few motherhood party atlention How then should SUSK deal on the national question. resolutions from Ihe parliamentary with the Left? Over the next live This shift had three major conse- opposition and selective press quences: years every incoming executive firstly. It brought the coverage. would have to grapple in its own organization into closer contact Prior 10 the anti-Kosygtn way with this question. In the with the emigre nationalist demonstration in October, 1971. the meantime, a right wing organizations: backlash secondly, it in- general consensus had been lhal il was growing in the nationalist augurated a serious discussion on was necessary to plead the case of community the nature of poJriical Tremendous oppression in imprisoned oppositionrsts before pressures, personal and political, Ukraine; thirdly, as activity around the Canadian governmeni All this were employed to keep SUSK in the question increased Ihe changed when mounted police line. But Ihe organizational "socialist" lact was not focus shifted from units in Toronto charged a to be dislodged easily Between the executive to a series of "in- demonstration composed mostly ol 1973 and dependent" 1978, a variety of lorces defense committees. politically conservative, upright. and pressures left their mark on the Throughout this period relations East European emigres This police organization with The Canadian the nationalist establishment "discipline" galvanized opinion economy sank into a recession, Ihe were highly ambivalent. Many ac- within SUSK as few other issues New LeH disintegrated, separatism tivists were convinced that the had. It was seen as the height ol was becoming a ma|or force in emigre nationalist organizations governmental cynicism. The Quebec, were racism was taking on new doomed to a slow death. defenders of the free enterprise forms, and an academic institute Moreover, after attempts to system It seemed were more in- was organizing in Edmonton and democratize organizations such as terested in markets than in Toronto However, as my own KYK had tailed , serious doubts were democratic rights The archfoe of involvement with SUSK waned raised about the possibility ol capitalism, A. Kosygin, was being during this period 1 reforming leave Ihe from within Still |he protected by those he sought lo analysis ol the past five years to nationalists did represent a tradi- destroy someone who was more directly tion ol resistance in Ukraine. What Meanwhile, in Ihe United involved remained outstanding was an States, the newly formed Com- assessment of their coniribulion. mittee In Delense ol Soviet Political Fool notes successes and failures II soon Prisoners was scoring some of its I Myfoniuk. MaKsym./a* no my, lokhlo^lah became evident that there leper were no earliest successes The strategy 10 koiy> STUDENT. March. 19 quick, easy Ceprmled Irom SuchBsnliUanuary. answers A profound adopted by Ihe Committee was 1970) ignorance existed on queslions that much more attractive than seeking related to Ukrainian history, the aid of pufled-up dictators in politics, economics and even Taiwan, Spam, or Chile By onen- culture. Thus began the long, ling their work to Ihe liberal-lelt the torturous, process of self- committee managed to marshal the 1 Two impoflanl conli education. sion are support of a host of prominent Kowalsky. * owa'iJ A Pouucal Serious Sociology ol Mulnculiu n, STUDENT May, differences developed intellectuals, feminists, civil ngnts 1973. and LenVyi. around two theoretical Ow Pohlics ana problem workers, and anti-war activists. Thaus. New Olr«Uon». areas: a) the nature of the opposi- Inadvertently, Ihe Committee 6 AlmosI every year OovelopeO Wiih a tion, b) strategies tor defence work. provided an answer lo the question ' For example, a close reading of of who defends political prisoners ine organtiallon documents in the Chornovil federalism and Ihe Liberal Papers. best. It seemed thai 7 Obviously them wefse^ceplions -0 Slieila party If the "Smack" petition attempted to those in- g multi-culturalism Ferment in the Ukraine, and Inter- dividuals and meant ethnic circumvent governmental bodies by groups that fought for nationalism 8 |5 we/e suggested as eaiiy as cookery, jobs for or Russilication con- an exiention of an opportunist mobilizing grass roots support democratic rights at vinced many thai Ihe fringe, and tired old oppositionists home were the most seiioui folk-festivals among non-Anglo-Saxon ethnic consistent in *ay real who needed it? were the defendants of their defense ol 9. Same wags claiine<] lhal you could pick out groups." The project died a quick oppositionists socialism that they irie nalional by ihe way lliey d'esseO. At this point energy and deserved to abroad. While the American liberal- shifted to death. As time went on mul- 10 The locker room be defended as such. cnmaiadeiis lhal the provincial and Reading all left came out in suppon ot municipal level ticulturalism was relegated to Soviel developeo among men on tfie oxecuiive tended Ihe stripes of the nationalist with the hope that press, one political prisoners to elicit aggressive l>ehavior Irom the support of hands of a few dedicated semi- the compliment the men these governments could get Ihe impression that dis- was not returned 11 National Film Board productions dealing could pressure professional brief-writers For Ihe Neither the the federal government senters rn Ukraine were all closet "democrats" nor the mio laking a vast majority of SUSK. Ihe issue "conser- regularly at e variety ol'^USK conferences nationalists of the vanely. more responsible position O.U.N, vatives" would publically o'lenlaiion courses, By 1972 elicited blank faces and thundering speak out etc . up to 1973 who were waiting lor the triumph of 12 SUSK execulrve the Manitoba governmeni had yawns- against political repressions m the memMis look part in Ihe a tree enlerpnse and the Amencan Umied conference 03 rndividuals. made number of final States, Canada, or the rest of concessions A hurrah came when 13. Oiana Ealon worked (or the Citizenship around second way of life. Some documents were the so called free world * language educa- SUSK was unable to realize its ideas Orench at the time. As such she gave a riumbor With the conveniently pruned before ot interviews tion. hopes of securing a on the development of Ukrainian- to tho press similar multicultural publication while others were never FRUSTRATION AND U The "Smack" petiiion was cin:ulaied in the policy from the Canadian culture. It was argued THE summer Ontario government, published. Small wonder then that CRYSTALLIZATION OF THE LEFT ol 1972 For more inlormation sea a coalition of that Ukrainian-Canadian culture Kowaisky. M Towards a Pohiical Sociology ol groups (such as when Ihe first Ukrainian dissident For the majority of Ontario KYK) and could survive only it il developed a SUSK STUDENT. May 1973. numerous reached the West (Leonid Plyushch members Ukraine 15 The Video SUSK pioiect sullered Irom individuals began contemporary, urban face. at best was an . to To in - emotional, similar problems Funds were given to cover the prepare for the Heritage 1976 Ed.) the vast majority ol the motherhood issue In- Ontario realize this aim a number of projects cosiol salaries but not lo pay loiequipmeniand Conference.'- nationalist community was shocked volvement was usually The result of a were undertaken, the most am- limited to to participation sophisticated, find that he was a Marxisi. The some le articulate, assault on bitious ol which was the Ukrainain sort of commenuilar sugo^te< governmental sectarian nalure of nationalist in- hunger-strike or demonstrations inatukrsiriai . thfi Chmffu 4 ' policies were Canadian Festival of the Arts The platitudes from terventions, the secrecy and the Those who were intimately involved Diana Eaton'^ and a festival itself was an unqualified cynical in keynote address that manoueverings, all served defense work were unable to spoke about success. For four days it brought everything but to alienate their potential recruits. translate their experiences multicultural policy together some of the most creative to the failure rank and file membership The to win concessions talents in the ot SUSK from and innovative Ukrai- The attempt to deal with tho

STUDENT. Anntversaiy Issue: Page 45 ' "

August A New Constitution For Canada —48, 1978) Dave Lupul Deja Vu: It Has All Been Seen Before rights such as those ol lan- Most Canadians, by now, one IS living. This is the thread need diversity lead lo the policy: the word "multicultural" guage, culture and educa- probably aware thai the federal which ties culture to polilics: and. division, and as elements of is not even once mentioned in the tion, it is necessary to governmenl has taken the initiative anyone who wishes to lake part in that proposition: new Constitutional Amendement recognize the limitations in proposing a new constitution for building the cultural life of the 1, lo ensure throughout Ca- Bill. the upon constitutional guar- Canada, one which would ethnocultural group to which he or nada equal respect for It appears that in preparing It is Bill, Prime antees. one thing to to more accurately reflect the state she t>elongs must sooner or later English and French as the new Constitutional the his constitutional declare that English and of Canadian society as it enters the confront political realities. To teach country's principal spoken Minister and pointedly ignore French will be the official last quarter of the twentieth cen- a language in schools involves a languages, and for those advisors chose to Parlia- languages of Canada: it is tury. The new proposals were sub- certain degree of social organiza- Canadians who use each of the proposals of the Joint of another thing to ensure thai mitted to Parliament in June, 1976. tion within that community and to them; mentary Committee. Section 20 this declaration achieves in the of 2, to the Bill stipulates that form a document entitled make it available to the widest ensure throughout genuine realization. The Constitutional Amendment possible number within the public Canada equal respect tor the nothing in those sections In concluding this discussion Bill. The federal government's aim school system entails a degree of many origins, creeds and [13-19] shall be held to of language and group rights it is in publishing the bill is "to encour- political involvement sufficient to cultures and for the differ- derogate from or diminish important to note an observation ol age public discussion of proposed guarantee that the government will ing regional identities that any right, based on lan- Prof, Tarnapolsky's which has changes in the Canadian Con- not deny you that right and that help shape its society, and guage, thai is assured by profound importance lor the future stitution," an objective launched, they will, in addition, provide tor those Canadians who are virtue of section 9 or 10 [the rights of Ukrainian Canadians.as a with considerable fanfare, by the funding by which you might exer- part of each of them; and anti-dtscriminalion clauses], cultural group: namely, that "the distribution of large numbers of the cise that right out of your own tax 3, inasmuch as the North or to derogate from or dimin- exclusion of a right or a group, from government's pre-election docu- dollars. American majority is, and ish any legal or customary a declaration can sometimes ment, A Time tor Action: Toward In another sense, too, the seems certain to remain right or privilege acquired diminish the continued existence the Renewal ol the Canadian constitution is an important docu- overwhelmingly English- or enjoyed either before or and development of the right of the Federation, outlined by none other ment, tor it provides you, the speaking fo recognize a after the commencement of group." Therefore, whereas the than "The Right Honourable Pierre Canadian citizen, as well as ob- permanent national com- this Act with respect lo any inclusion of certain positive rights Elliott Trudeau, Prime fiHinister." servers from other countries, an mitment to the endurance language thai is not English might not be very substantial in As the title of the Prime indication of the kind of society in and self-luHilment of the or French. their positive effect on the life of the Minister's treatise suggests, the which we are living or, perhaps Canadian French-speaking The Joint Parliamentary Com- Ukrainian-Canadian community, process of constitutional reform more accurately, the kind of society society centred in but not mittee reported in 1972 that "the the exclusion of these rights from which has been undertaken is in which our political leaders would limited to Quebec; negative phrasing proposed in designed to redeftne the the constitution may mean that the basis lor like to see us living. If the statement Perhaps the most remarkable Article 19 of the Victoria Charter the federation community will slowly lose those Canadian and to of aims ot the Constitution in- aspect o( these proposals Is the (essentially the same clause as it currently enjoys renew the principles it privileges which upon which dicates that Canada is made up degree of commitment given to Ihe section 20 ol the new Bill) is not through, for example, the multi- is based The existing constitution solely of English-speaking and reinforcement of the French- adequate." The Committee added of Canada consists, in part, of cultural policy. The longterm effect large French-speaking communities, it is speaking minorities outside of that development would lead Acts of the British Parliament which an indication that the government Quebec. Sections 13-22 of the (allthough we frankly accept of such a almost inevitably lo the disap- Canada "has not yet succeeded in does not forsee, for example, Ihe proposed constitution deal with the inherent limitations of pearance of Ukrainian-Canadians patriating and modernizing. Acts continued existenceof a Ukrainian- language rights, which have been constitgtional provisions identifiable ethnocultural which consequently slill bear the speaking or an Italian-speaking derived from section 133 of the BNA respecting languages, we are as an imprint of a colonial period that group. has community in the future, and it Act a^d the Official Languages Acl, of Ihe opinion that it is also long " Therefore, Ihe issues involved since passed The provisions suggests that the government will whereby English and French are important to give constitu- in the debate over the constitution of this constitution are scattered not provide supports for the teach- declared lo be the official lan- tional recognition to another throughout different are ones which mu3\ be addressed various sta- ing and provision of services in guages of Canada, The new Canadian linguistic tact, viz.. tutes, by members of the Ukrainian- mosi of which are unknown languages other than English or proposals envisage an extension of other languages fthan Eng- community if they are to the vast majority of the Canadian Canadian French The absence of an unequi- the rights of the French language lish or Frenchj . . , At the public concerned about their survival as vocal statement proclaiming Ca- on the provincial level: in the same time as official status is The federal government wishes an ethnocultural group. Certain nada to be a multi-cultural society provincial legislatures, the courts being conferred upon the to repatriate \t\e Constitution and initiatives are already underway, to in the new Constitution leaves the and within provincial government English and French lan- begin the process of its amend- centered in Toronto, which will reader of the document with the departments or agencies. Section guages, it should be made ment, with the approval of the attempt to bring these issues belore distinct impression that Canada is a 19(2). in particular, states that any clear both that this does not provinces, in order to remedy the the Canadian public by means of a nation with two official languages, member of the public In any infer any priority with respect deficiencies which exist in that major conference on the con- containing people of many distinct province has the right lo use to culture, and that the use of century-old document, the BNA stitution to be held later this year. origins who belong to either ot the English or French in communicat- other languages is encour- Act. The most serious of these The process of constitutional two ma|or cultural communities, ing with the provincial government aged. . . . deficiencies, in the eyes ot the reform is one fraught with many English or French-speaking in any area where it is determined The number ot other lan- government, are the absence of a potential hazards and conflicts that "a subsfantiar number ol guages besides English and between the ethnocultural groups satisfactory preamble or statement persons within the population use French and the diverse sizes within Canada, between the federal of principles in the present Con- The specific provisions of The that language. and conditions of thegroups stitution the lack of any government and the provinces, and and Constitutional Amendment Bill in- No similar language rights are which speak them preclude declaration of the basic rights and between the various institutions of cludes a preamble, a statement given to non-official languages, the posibility of establishing freedom of Canadians. Included the federal government itself. As a affirming the continuation of the despite the fact that the Special mandatory constitutional within the context of basic rights result, this process will be long and Confederation ot 1867, and a Joint Committee of Ihe Senate and provisions for them. They are and freedoms is the federal govern- drawn out, despite the optimistic statement of the aims of the the House of Commons on the indeed regional rather than ment's concern about "the in- hope of the Prime Minister and his Canadian federation. While the Constitution of Canada specifically national languages, and it is adequacy of the language rights cofleagues that the Constitution provisions of the preamble and the recommended in its report in 1972 therefore appropriate that guaranteed by the Constitution, will be repatriated by 1981. statement of aims of the Canadian that: the specific recognition they com- which has jeopardized the progress The Ukrainian-Canadian federation are not legally binding in lt]he Constitution should receive should be at the pro- munity, therefore, has some time ot the French-speak rig people of the sense vincial of being enforceable in explicitly recognize the right level. At the same toexert various Canada, led to remaining in Which them withdraw in court, they comprise a statement of of Provincial time, however, there should Legislatures to views upon the desirability ol the spirit into Quebec and added intention for the country and would confer be an umbrella provision in equivalent status with government's constitutional strength to the separatist move- federal serve as a guide to the courts in the English French in the Constitution to give and lan- proposals. Time, however, is ment in that province." The implica- interpreting a section of the Bill guages to other languages. them their due acknowledge- tions of the proposals contained relentlessly marching onward and it where the meaning of that section, The Committee also recognized ment as one of the con- within The Conslilulional will sooner or later run out on the Amend- in the particular circumstances, stituent elements ol our that "federal financial assistance to Ukrainian ment Bill which pertain to minority question ol whether was not clear. They also provide support the teaching or use of other country, ethnically and language rights should of Canadians have a future in this be spe- evidence of the spirit which has linguistically. led languages would be appropriate. The present cial interest and concern to all country as a group. to the writing of a new constitution It is apparent upon examina- The absence of such a pro- Ukrainian Canadians who have situation suggests that there is no and provide a definition ot the tion ol the federal government's vision, in the form of a positive supported the creation of a pro- time to lose in addressing this parameters within which political proposals for constitutional reform statement conferring status on gressive multicultural society in question in realistic terms. A start, activity may be judged. II is that none otthesubstantive ideas in non-official languages, will detri- Canada. perhaps, can be made at the interesting to note the subtle the proposals differ from those mentally affect the viability of upcoming National SUSK Con- The importance of the con- wording linguistic of the preamble which, in suggested by Ottawa when it and cultural retention and stitutional proposals should not be gress in Winnipeg, where hopefully essence, provides the philosoph- launched its first unsuccessful development for all ethnocultural underestimated, tor a constitution some thoughtful discussion might ical underpinning forthe remainder attempt at reform in 1968-69. As groups in Canada, other than the IS not merely an abstract document be generated on these issues. A ot the document: one commentator has noted "To English and French, However, but a concrete instrument which further exploration of these issues read the [Constitutional Amend- supposing that such a provision Honouring the con- will be attempted at the conference provides definitions within which were included tribution of Canada's original ment Billl IS to believe that time has in the constitution, the exercise of power may be to be held in Ottawa on September slill what difference it inhabitants, ot those who stood for a decade." In fact, the would make in practised. Within ttiis context, 15-16 dealing with "Social Trends practical terms? This built the foundations of the proposals with respect to the rights Issue was whether you measure the 'rules of Among Ukrainian Canadians," o( non-official addressed in a presentation country that is Canada, and languages are made the game' as set out by the sponsored by the Canadian Instit- identical to by Professor Walter Tarnopolsky ol all those whose endea- those contained in the constitution from your own per- ute ot Ukrainian Studies. vours through the years have Victoria Charter of 1971 (that on 'Group Rights and Ihe New The process of public dis- sonal perspective or from the charter being subsequently re- Constitution of Canada" at the perspective endowed its inheritance; cussion and awareness of con- of the social class Thinkers' Welcoming as witness lo that jected by the Quebec governhient Conference on Cultural stitutional issues which hopefully and/or ethnocultural group of of Robert Rights in Toronto inheritance the evolution of Bourassa on the grounds in December, will be generated by the publicity which you are a member, the the English-speaking that it was unacceptable to the 1968, at a time when the process of surrounding these upcoming con- importani influence which these and French-speaking needs of the people ot Quebec). constitutional reform was first ferences may, for once, provide a rules have upon youi ability commun- to being considered ities, in Canada shaped by The absence of a positive by Ihe Trudeau basis from which to approach the pursue certain kinds ol activities in men and women from many declaration concerning the fact that government. Prof. Tarnapolsky federal and provincial governments your daily life makes a familiarity Canada is a multicultural nation expressed the problem in the . . is lands: , with evidence that there with the consitution a matter of reveals how little the multicultural following terms: widespread concern within the some consequence for everyone The emphasis within the pro- policy amounts to within the The question that arises is Canadian populace, and especially involved in society And itshould be posed Constitution on the exis- Canadian political context. Despite whether a constitutional within the Ukrainian-Canadian ot particular consequence to stu- tence of two linguistic communities the declaration by Prime Minister guarantee of a right could be community, about the proposed dents who. as members of the (along with Ihe bicultural con- Trudeau on October 6. 1971 that at all effective if it requires changes. For unless such concern Ukrainian-Canadian Students' notations surrounding this con- is multicultural Canada a society in positive governmental action is demonstrated, attempts by Union, have sought to ensure cept) is re-intorced in the statement wtiich "Ihere is no official culture, for its realization. In other "community representatives" to proper recognition and protection of alms of the Canadian Federation; nor does any ethnic group lake pre- words, enforcement ol the of the rights lobby governments to change the and protection ot ihe to expand Ihe horizons " cedence over any other . . and fundamental -freedoms of proposals will be dismissed as the nghls ot ethnocultural minorities in ol Canadians as individuals, despite the report of the Joint speech, press, religion, work of a small, fanatical segment Canada. and enhance their collective Parliamentary Committee on the assembly, and association is ot the ethnocultural communities. So, too, should it be for those security and distinctiveness Constitution which recommended achieved mainly by invalida- And for Ukrainian Canadians, people who are striving to build and as a people, by affirming that a new "Constitution should tion ot legislation which the failure to have provisions develop a uniquely Ukrainian-Ca- through iheir daily lives and formally recognize the preamble abridges or abrogates these protecting their linguistic and nadian culture on the basis ot their governance the fundamental that Canada is multicultural rather rights and freedoms , . . . cultural rights within the Con- ancestral traditions. For the ability propostition ol the new na- ."; than bicultural or uniculiural . However, how does one stitution can only bring closer the to promote one's group identity and tionality created by Iheir the latest proposals contain enforce those rights which culture day, perhaps in the not too distant Is a matter which is circum- forbears, that is lo say, Ihe nothing ol a substantive nature in require Ihe state to provide future, when the Ukrainian fact in scribed by the political system, as proposition that fraternity this direction. In fact, there is not something? Canada will have become merely a well as by the social milieu, in which does not require uniformity even a token gesture made tovfard . . In considering group footnote in history Page 46; STUDENT, Anniversary Issue . ,(,-crop. 2),- . ,- - . - - ^- ,, -, :- , - - '" — 25 . - , — 21 , - "-" — 18 . , , . , , -- . . - 1 - - -, 26 27 - 1955 .- - , ', , - , . -, , , -- ' - ,. , , 577 . , . -, - : - . "" — 232 - , , . ).( .. , , , - — 80 . , - - - . , — 45 ' . , -" 1 — 45 . - . — - - . , , - 35 - -. . - , - "" — 26 , - , - . — 26 - .^ - - , - — 25 ., , "-" . - , , - — 20 , , - . — 15 , , — . - - , , . . . 15 - "" — 13 - .- 387 , . , - , 307 -, "", . 80 - - - -. , 40 -. - 250 - ., , 1 , -- ,, 2 1958 , 600 . . , - Spolsky - , - . (continued from page 7) - jects because they in- would stead, discussions . developed changed: in previous years, - evitably remain uncompleted within , the groups about the SUSK - with the passing from Executives had main- - student development of new communi- tained a benign presence within ranks of their boosters. ty vehicles of development. CeSUS, allowing CeSUS to do Hampering the new ex- The CBC Action, started in nothing At both the 1970 and ecutive's plans was the financial 1972, was continued: represen- the 1973 CeSUS Congresses. position of SUSK: the new tations were made to the federal SUSK had put up slates to take 5) executive had inherited a $7.000 government . with respect to the control of CeSUS. By 1974. debt from the previous ex- ?- -v introduction of multilingual CeSUS inactivity became an ' ecutive and the positron - was to ( broadcasting on the CBC Radio embarassmeni to - the SUSK; — ' become worse. The federal and Television networks. No Edmonton SUSK Congress - ?|overnment was reducing >. significant advances were made passed a motion suspending ". unds it spent on giving grants in this " area, as the federat SUSK. in membership to communily organisations. CeSVJS it government was not prepared that body The community, which did not develop a full , had to go beyorid a consideration of range ' of - coordinating activities. -. been generally supportive - of the policy, ^ and there seemed to That year's Student - youth and student activities, "- be little ( organised community XV was published three large issues, ), starting to view with some support for the issue. - breaking previous records for ' alarm the questionning by Plans for summer " ( - activities the number of pages printed. SUSK of community positions. in various >1. " - , policy areas were Student was read with great ' first The stop on the SUSK shattered - — '- by the federal interest within the Ukrainian- activities calendar was the government's rejection of Canadian community for the Ukrainian Canadian Committee severar SUSK project issues raised. Student .' ='\'. (UCC) and Its Congress in held Win- applications. This forced the writers became favourite 5« nipeg in October 1974, which executive to , work on volun- - - a targets for the editors ot Homin , , - attracted some 35 SUSK tary basis on various projects. Ukralny, the Banderite -9- members. Efforts by SUSK and Two provincial ' governments newspaper in Canada. - other progressive organisations funded Small fieldwork projects . ', - In short, 1974-75 was a ; during previous UCC con- in Saskatchewan and Ontario. transitional year: a new genera- - gresses to democratise and Both projects aimed at tion . the of students had taken over . hence make more effective the development of limited the , reins; - - SUSK entered into its 6vb structures ot , - the UCC were educational programmes in the first direct and open polemic ( continued by SUSK in 1974. centres they " )0- . visited. with right-wing organisations, Congress delegates ! - left this Plans to complete the previous efforts at lobbying congress with not even Ukrainian . 1969 a Canadian Histoncal government on one issue or pyrrhic victory in their hands; Date . . Calendar, started during another were being slowly dis- the congress , could only reach a previous summer's project, carded in favour of developing compromise agreement on the were shelved , - because of a lack closer programme-related ties - election of a president. The of funds- A lack . of interest with the individual clubs; congress marked forced - a turning the shelving of a SUSK's financial position once point in 6v.iH 14- - that the progressive proposal to stage a travelling again took a turn toward the elements were no longer exhibit of Ukrainian Canadian critical, forcing coming \- .> cajTO- ex- - prepared to work for the student art. ecutives to look at alternate . democratisation of the in partrcipatton UCC SUSK in the means of funding in place of }': , - an attempt to make community Central Union of Ukrainian government grants - structures more effective: in- Students (CeSUS) - Congress ."-" . -. ' Slobodzlan -. , (continued from page } in the '60s. But I now see It in a different light Activism , . - , in the . '60s was not that much greater, apathy , was no ( . less, nor funds more abundant. Bui once in a decade, .) - - , ). - experienced and deeply committed SUSK activists ,, 3) come together in place to accomplish just bit . '- one a more. This happened once in Toronto in the late '60s . "- . .), and in Edmonton in the late '70s. Realistically, this age 10-. will also face interests will . , - pass. New names, and . -, - , - appear and SUSK will again wait tor its third coming. Five problem areas facing SUSK in 1961, as . , ) - - 1 ,10- outlined by then vice-president Oleksy Sahaydakiwsky " in the SUSK Bulletin (No. 1}, are not much different " -. - today: . -- Ha >, - 5) -- , : ' . - .- ,1) ' .. , "- . - , cj-, " "" — .40 . , - .. "".', - , - , - . ' ' , "- . ,," - ,. ,, 10- ' , "^ ' " 2) , , . , - '.

STUDENT. Anniversary Issue; Page 47 The SUSK 25th Anniversary issue The year 1978 marked the twenty-fifth anniversary reply to any of them. In place of a special article for the of the Ukrainian Canadian Students' Union, commonly period 1972-73, we are presenting an article by then- known as SUSK (Soiuz Ukrainskykh Studentiv president Andriy Semotiuk which gives an overview Kanady). and commentary on SUSK during its most crucial Ukrainian student activities in Canada daje back to period. This article, originally printed in November opened is 1 905, when the Ruthenian Training School was 1977. appears on pp. 42-43 and followed by an article in Winnipeg to train English-Ukrainian bilingual (pp. 44-45) by Tamara Tkachuk, who was involved with teachers. The first official student association, SUSK in the first half of this decade, written in response however, was the Ukrainian Students' Club founded in to Semotiuk's and offering. another analysis of SUSK's Saskatoon in 1915. Other clubs were soon formed development. {often in association with "bursy" or boarding schools), The selection of articles to be reprinted proved to in Winnipeg and Edmonton, and later in smaller centres be a difficult task. The following guidelines were used: such as Dauphin, Vorkton and Vegreville. and in a) only articles written by students themselves were eastern Canada (Montreal, Toronto, Kingston). chosen, b) only original articles were used, ie. none of There was some cooperation between individual the many reprints from other sources which have student clubs, and in 1927 a Central Council of appeared in Student were used, despite their quality, Ukrainian Student Clubs (TUSK) was established; and c) the articles were chosen to reflect some aspect student however, it encompassed only several of the development of the ideals and attitudes of the organisations. Likewise, in 1934 the Ukrainian Ukrainian student group in Canada. This compilation is Students' National Association was formed in an not necessarily the "best of Student." However most of attempt to coordinate student life from a nationalist the articles are very good and an effort was made to standpoint. The development of these coordinating reflect the many events which shaped SUSK in the last bodies, however, was hampered by religious and decade. The issue in which the reprints originally political differences among Ukrainian student groups, appeared is indicated in parentheses beside the title of and pressing socio-economic problems during the last the article in question. The parentheses give the all few years of the Depression meant that almost number of the issue and the date in which it appeared. Ukrainian student activities were brought to a complete The original layout has been retained where possible. halt. It remains to acknowledge the financial support for The Alpha Omega Society, a Ukrainian student this issue of both the Multicultural Program, Govern- organization at the University of Saskatchewan, did ment of Canada, and the Ukrainian Canadian Founda- make a comeback in 1941. and in subsequent years tion of Taras Shevchenko. Alpha Omega Societies were established at the In fairness to the Shevchenko Foundation, it must Universities of Manitoba, Alberta, and British Colum- be noted that it objects to some references made to the bia. Cooperation between these Alpha Omega Ukrainian Canadian Committee (UCC) which appear in Societies established the basis for closer and more the articles by Sheila Slobodzian, Myron Spolsky, permanent contacts, and in 1949 the groundwork was Roman Serbyn and MarusiaKucharyshyn. The Foun- laid for a Ukrainian Students' Union by setting up a dationfeels that some of these references are the Central Committee of Ukrainian Canadian Students. authors' subjective opinions, especially in regards to arriving In the meantime, Ukrainian students then women's participation in the UCC (the Foundation from overseas were disappointed by the weak coor- feels women have achieved much in the UCC) and the dination among Ukrainian student organizations in issue of democratization of the UCC (the Foundation Canada and agreed that the establishment of a central feels that this issue stems from a lack of appreciation priority. fully executive for all Ukrainian student clubs was a that membership in the UCC is by Canada-wide An interim committee was established to prepare a autonomous organizations, and not by individual constitution and rules and regulations for the first membership). congress of a Ukrainian Canadian Students' Union. We sincerely hope that our objectives in the Vera Zarowski chaired this committee, and became the publication of this issue have been met, Jhe^'' in baci< ;3sues ot first president of the Union, at its first Congress objectives were two-fold. Firstly, as issue which Winnipeg 26-27 December 1953. Student are difficult to come oy, an of better articles would assure their The articles in this "25th Anniversary Issue reprinted some of tne Secondly, in conjunc- Student form a contribution to the history of SUSK in its accessibility to a wider audience. itself consists by all past-presidents of first quarter century of activity. The issue tion with brief commentaries avaluable historical overview of two parts. The first eleven pages feature articles by SUSK it would provide of movement. past-presidents of SUSK, who give brief year-by-year SUSKand the Ukrainian Canadian student a lack of historical historical overviews, commentarys and evaluations of This is intended to partially alleviate office. The current members of SUSK, a SUSK and its activities during their terms of perspective among many several recent remainder of the issue reprints some of the more situation which has been identified at problems facing noteworthy articles which have appeared in the 48 conferences as being one of the major issues of student published before the SUSK 25th SUSK and hampering it in its work. to problems Anniversary Congress held in August 1978. As there are no ultimate solutions only hope that Some explanation of minor irregularities in the involving human relations, we can and difficulties collection of presidents' articles is in order. As Vera insights into SUSK's achievements years will serve as Zarowski, the first SUSK president, could not be during the past twenty-five of the for generations of SUSK activists in the next located, it was decided to approach a member guide posts 1953-58. better equip them to cope with first executive to write the article for the period twenty-five years, and Ukrainian student Victor Deneka kindly agreed to provide such an article. the trials and tribulations of lite as a lapse in coverage comes in the period 1962- in Canada. The only ^. ^ , Nestor Makuch 63. George Borys, president at this time, was sent Editor requests for an article but unfortunately did not several August 1979 RETURN REQUESTED STUDENT 1124«1 STBEET EDMONTON. ALBERTA CANADA TSB 4A2

campaign to "\°bil!^egrass-^ "Durinc 1970, SUSK mounted a concerted young and unorganized second- and I especially among the Can^adians. for tbe °' S,%%aSon Xl'an POf Wi h groups to articulate their demands and to stimulate other ethnic olthe Secretary ol State encouragZent and support from the Department and of its members as field worKers * senes °' f/J" UkraJan communities across Canada to organize a help focus public attention conferences mostly at university campuses, to ZZaspTraZsand demandiof Canada's and realization^^f";^"^"^""^^^of their cultural aroups for governmental recognition "precarious situation of and social rights. In his 1972 paper on the InZistio of Alberta Canadlans^f>rofessor Manoly Lupul of 'he Un,ve™»y ^Zinian in this "new and vibrant force evafuated highly the contribution of Ottawa; spearheading an impressive assault on praised sufficiently They The work of the students cannot be techniques ol student had mastered some of the concepts and of community power two of which stood out: (1)the concept his dignity as a development to help the individual regain the powerful which even the person; and (2) an audacity towards latter could not help but admire

Bohdan Bociurkiw. "The Fecteral Policy of Multiculturalism and the Ukrainian-Canadian Community," in Manoly R. Lupul, ed., Ukrainian Canadians, Multiculluralism, and Separatism: An Assessment, Edmonton, published by the University ol Alberta Press for the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, 1978.