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Simple Is Beautiful. Dare to Think, Dare to Try

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Simple Is Beautiful. Dare to Think, Dare to Try Simple is beautiful. Dare to think, dare to try. Promoters: Prof. dr. ir. Korneel Rabaey Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Dr. Stefano Freguia Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Dr. Bogdan Donose Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Prof. Jurg Keller Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Members of the examination committee: Prof. dr. ir. Peter Bossier (Chairman , UGent) Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Dr. Phil Bond (Chairman ,UQ) Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Prof. dr. ir. Arne Verliefde (Secretary) Centre Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Prof. dr. ir. Pascal Boeckx Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Prof. Uwe Schroder Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Chemistry, TU-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany Dr. Tom Sleutels Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands Dean Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Prof. dr. ir. Guido Van Huylenbroeck Rector Ghent University Prof. Dr. Anne De Paepe The effects of electrode surface modifications on biofilm formation and electron transfer in bioelectrochemical systems Kun Guo Master of Science A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2014 School of Chemical Engineering/Advanced Water Management Centre A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor in Applied Biological Sciences at Ghent University in 2014 Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Titel van het doctoraat in het Nederlands: De effecten van elektrode-oppervlak modificaties op biofilmformatie en elektronen transport in bio- elektrochemische systemen Cover image (top-left) from http://rswater.phys.msu.ru/englishVersion/Science/water.html. Please refer to his work as: Guo K.(2014) The effects of electrode surface modifications on biofilm formation and electron transfer in bioelectrochemical systems. PhD thesis, Ghent University/The University of Queensland, Belgium/Australia. ISBN: 978-90-5989-704-5 This work was supported by UQ International Postgraduate Research Scholarship (IPRS) , UQ TopUP Scholarship, and UGent Joint-PhD Cofunding (BOF) scholarship. The author and the promoters give the authorization to consult and to copy parts of this work for personal use only. Every other use is subject to the copyright laws. Permission to reproduce any material contained in this work should be obtained from the author. Preliminary Pages Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................. I Abstract .............................................................................................................................................. III Samenvatting ....................................................................................................................................... V Declaration by author ....................................................................................................................... VII Publications during candidature ...................................................................................................... VIII Publications included in this thesis .................................................................................................... IX Contributions by others to the thesis .................................................................................................. XI Statement of parts of the thesis submitted to qualify for the award of another degree ...................... XI Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................... XII Keywords ........................................................................................................................................ XIV Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classifications (ANZSRC) ................................ XIV Fields of Research (FoR) Classification ......................................................................................... XIV List of Figures .................................................................................................................................. XV List of Tables & Schemes ............................................................................................................. XVII List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... XVIII Chapter 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Objectives of the thesis............................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Organization of the thesis ........................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 2 Literature Review ............................................................................................................ 5 2.1 An overview of bioelectrochemical systems .............................................................................. 5 2.1.1 Principles of BESs ............................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Electron transfer in BESs ..................................................................................................... 6 2.1.3 Applications and challenges of BESs .................................................................................. 8 2.2 Biofilms on abiotic surfaces ....................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 Biofilm formation process ................................................................................................... 9 2.2.2 Factors affecting biofilm formation ................................................................................... 11 2.2.3 Biofilms in BESs ............................................................................................................... 13 2.3 Surface modifications of carbon materials ............................................................................... 18 2.3.1 Surface modification methods ........................................................................................... 18 2.3.2 Surface modifications in BESs .......................................................................................... 21 I Preliminary Pages 2.4 Knowledge gaps ....................................................................................................................... 26 Chapter 3 Thesis overview .............................................................................................................. 27 3.1 Research objectives .................................................................................................................. 27 3.2 Research methods ..................................................................................................................... 29 3.2.1 Electrode materials and surface modifications .................................................................. 29 3.2.2 Electrode surface characterizations ................................................................................... 32 3.2.3 Reactor setup and operation ............................................................................................... 32 3.2.4 Biofilm characterizations ................................................................................................... 35 3.3 Research outcomes ................................................................................................................... 36 3.3.1 The effects of surface chemistry on current output, biofilm formation and community composition ................................................................................................................................. 36 3.3.2 Surfactant treatment of carbon felt surface ........................................................................ 39 3.3.3 Simple method for grafting neutral red onto carbon surface ............................................. 43 3.3.4 Flame oxidation of stainless steel felt ................................................................................ 49 Chapter 4 Conclusions and perspectives ....................................................................................... 55 4.1 Main conclusions of the thesis ................................................................................................. 55 4.2 Recommendations for future research ...................................................................................... 56 4.3 Perspectives .............................................................................................................................. 57 References ........................................................................................................................................
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