National Commission on Innovation & Competitiveness Frontiers

Competing in the Next Economy The New Age of Innovation

Executive Summary 2 Council on Competitiveness Competing in the Next Economy

Competing in the Next Economy

Just over 15 months ago, the Council on Compet- The National Commission was formed as a multi- itiveness launched the National Commission on year leadership movement to face these challenges Innovation and Competitiveness Frontiers—in the firm at home and coming from abroad; to plan for the belief that the nation’s long-term growth in produc- nation’s long term success; to recommend action tivity and inclusive prosperity requires placing ever steps to put in place the talent, capital and infra- more attention on innovation to confer competitive structure necessary to increase U.S. innovation advantage. capacity and capability for the future. And while the United States has stood apart from Comprised of 60+ National Commissioners—from the rest of the world during the past half century or industry, academia, labor and the national laborato- more in its record of sustained innovation, across ries—the Commission has over the past year worked industries old and new, and through the ups and to develop its first report to the Nation—a “living” and downs of economic cycles, the nation today faces evolving set of recommendations that will continue to realities and imperatives—some very new, some with grow in the coming years: the nation for a long time—transforming the context • On January 16, 2020, the Commission for continued innovation leadership: Community comprised of 200+ diverse innovation • Other nations are replicating the structural stakeholders from nearly all major sectors advantages that historically have made the United of the economy and regions of the country— States the center of global innovation; including Commissioners, Advisors, Outreach and Engagement leaders, and members of four • Many nations are developing their own, distinctive policy Working Groups—gathered at Arizona State innovation ecosystems; University to map out the year’s priorities and • The nature of innovation is changing—becoming goals along a set of major themes: dramatically more interconnected, turbulent and - Developing and Deploying at Scale Disruptive fast-paced; Technologies • New research and business models are emerging, - Exploring the Future of Sustainable Production allowing someone to imagine, develop and scale and Consumption a disruptive innovation independent of traditional institutions; - Optimizing the Environment for National Innovation Systems • Despite the growth of America’s innovation-based economy, not every American has been brought - Unleashing Capabilities for Work and onto the country’s innovation team. Entrepreneurship Competing in the Next Economy 3

National Commission on Innovation and Competitiveness Frontiers

National Commissioners

60+ distinguished leaders from Advisory Committee Working Groups industry, academia, national laboratories and other critical Three dozen+ multi-sector innovation 150+ innovators and leaders—from stakeholder groups, including the leaders supporting the National all sectors of the economy and across Commission Co-Chairs: Commissioners and guiding the the entire country—brainstorming Working Group agendas. and developing actionable policy Dr. Mehmood Khan recommendations for the National Chief Executive Offi cer Commission. Life Biosciences, Inc. Outreach & Engagement Committee 1. Developing and Deploying Mr. Brian T. Moynihan at Scale Disruptive Technologies Chairman and Chief Executive Offi cer Two dozen+ strategic communications, 2. Exploring the Future Bank of America media and government affairs leaders of Sustainable Production supporting the creative education, Dr. Michael M. Crow and Consumption advocacy and communications plans President for the National Commission. Arizona State University 3. Optimizing the Environment for the Nation’s Innovation Systems Mr. Lonnie Stephenson International President 4. Unleashing Capabilities for Work IBEW and Entrepreneurship

Ms. Deborah L. Wince-Smith President & Chief Executive Offi cer Council on Competitiveness

Dr. Thomas Zacharia Director Oak Ridge National Laboratory

• Following this Commission Community Launch (2) strategic—they are fundamental to U.S. economic conference and the onset of the COVID-19 security, as well as national security; and (3) pivotal— pandemic, the Council and the Commission’s four they could play a prime and determining role in the Working Groups—each led by a distinguished group scope and rate of U.S. innovation. of co-chairs—pivoted dramatically, built quickly a The bottom-line is simple—to compete in the new way of collaborating, and endeavored non-stop next economy requires playing a new innovation between March and November 2020, in nearly 100 virtual workshops, to create, debate, refine and game, one whose goal is to boost U.S. innova- suggest hundreds of potential recommendations tion tenfold: 10x. both for the Commission’s mid-year report and its This is the call-to-action from the Council on Com- first annual report. petitiveness and its National Commission on Innova- Of the hundreds of suggested recommendations, this tion and Competitiveness Frontiers—for local, state 2020 annual report lays out 50 priority recommen- and national policymakers to come together with the dations emerging across the four Working Groups private sector to focus in a bold and transformational because they are: (1) urgent—failure to act could way on all efforts to optimize the United States for a create serious consequences for the United States; new, unfolding, challenging innovation reality. 4 Council on Competitiveness Competing in the Next Economy

Key Recommendations from Competing in the Next Economy A New Innovation Age Calls for a New Innovation Game

10x: Leadership and National Strategies 10x: Increasing the Number of for Innovation Innovations Developed in and Deployed 1. Establish the White House National by the United States Competitiveness and Innovation Council (NCIC)— 1. Keep the U.S. corporate tax rates competitive and parallel State Competitiveness and Innovation with EU and OECD nations, and include corporate Councils—to create a national vision for U.S. pass-through entities in the Section 1202 competitiveness and innovation in the 21st century exclusion, increasing asset limits to $100 million. global economy, and integrate policy development across federal departments and agencies in this 2. Restore federal research and development (R&D) domain. investment to 1960 levels of two percent of GDP. 2. Build a whole-of-nation strategy for developing 3. Establish a new, non-profit American Innovation and deploying critical dual-use technologies that Investment Fund with initial public-private will shape the industries of the future, national capitalization of $100 billion. security and global grand challenges—including 4. Expand venture capacity nationwide, extend advanced microelectronics, advanced computing Treasury small business programs to encompass (supercomputing, quantum, artificial intelligence), bank loans and private investors, allow equity biotechnology, advanced materials, climate, etc. investments into federal small business programs, 3. Establish the National Innovation Radar Initiative, and develop preferential rates for veterans and a coupling of innovation and intelligence other underserved populations. assessment. 5. Establish new federal and state SBIR phase III 4. Establish a new Technology Statecraft Initiative grants to bridge the valley of death. and International Innovation Corps. 5. Secure supply chains critical to U.S. innovation, national security and economy growth. 6. Establish regulations, government procurement policies, and reforms in antitrust and competition policy to support the industries of the future. Key Recommendations from Competing in the Next Economy 5

10x: Increasing the Speed at Which 10x: Increasing the Number and Diversity the United States Innovates of Americans Engaged in Innovation 1. Establish the U.S. Digital Infrastructure Access 1. Ensure all federal, state and local programs and and Inclusion Initiative. investments in innovation capacity and education 2. Drive deployment—by federal, state and local address the access, diversity and inclusion of governments—of new technologies that make minorities and women—with a goal to increasing infrastructure smarter, safer, more sustainable, their participation tenfold. more efficient, and more responsive and resilient. 2. Redesign federal economic development programs 3. Extend the mission of national labs to encompass to support innovation building capacity, eliminating economic competitiveness and permit co-funding outdated grant criteria and duplicative funding with private sector partners. by adopting innovation metrics and performance standards for new block grant programs. 4. Expand access to and public-private financing for shared research institutions and industry-led pilot 3. Conduct through State Competitiveness and demonstration projects. Innovation Councils regional innovation mapping and assessments for building future innovation 5. Establish new sustainability curricula, innovation capacity. consortia, the “Patents for Planet” program, and 4. Realign federal, state and local workforce new tax incentives or sustainability investments. development programs and training to enable a highly skilled, digitally competent, innovation workforce beginning at the junior and high school levels. 5. Launch new community-based public- private partnerships to support students and entrepreneurs, by expanding invention and entrepreneurship curricula in pre-K through higher education—with a goal to retain and grow regional innovation capacity. 6. Establish multidisciplinary engineering innovation centers and ecosystems in communities of dire economic and social need. 946 Council on Competitiveness Competing in the Next Economy Conclusion 95

Conclusion

Competing in the Next Economy is a roadmap for To achieve greater than 3 percent annual growth in The Commission will continue. Important ideas were policymakers to follow. It marks a path to innovation gross domestic product will require an “all-hands-on left on the table. Critical recommendations were only leadership, growth, speed and inclusivity. The road- deck” commitment by the nation’s leadership. Amer- hinted at and, of course, science and technology will map acknowledges key truths: ica has tried tax cuts, and the country has spent far continue to evolve and disrupt. The United States more than the government has taken in. Neither have must be more nimble as a nation. Recommendations • Other nations are replicating the structural achieved the results necessary to increase inclusive like the National Council on Innovation and Compet- advantages that historically have made the United States the center of global innovation; prosperity consistent with the Council’s mission to itiveness are intended to better prepare the country increase the standard of living for all Americans. and its leadership to adapt and move quickly to keep • Many nations are developing their own, distinctive Something different is required. Just as innovation is the U.S. competitive. But there will be more to do innovation ecosystems; the key to growth, so must we innovate the nation’s and new challenges to overcome. • The nature of innovation is changing—becoming policy agenda. Only by doing that can we achieve the Important as is it to acknowledge that others are dramatically more interconnected, turbulent and goals set out by the Council and its Commission. making similar investments and have their own plans fast-paced; Is the aspirational goal of 10x innovation possible? for leadership, it is equally important to acknowledge • New research and business models are emerging, That is, perhaps, the wrong question. 10x innovation that, with certain exceptions, those efforts are out allowing someone to imagine, develop and scale is a way of thinking differently than what the of America’s control. The United States must get its a disruptive innovation independent of traditional country has tried for a generation. The agricul- own house in order and put the policies, the infra- institutions; tural revolution, the industrial revolution, and the digi- structure, and the tools in place for its citizens and • Despite the growth of America’s innovation-based tal revolution upended entire sectors of the economy institutions to compete and thrive. Only then will the economy, not every American has been brought creating entirely new industries and services, and country prosper. Not because we bested someone onto the country’s innovation team. required entirely new skills. The new age of innova- else, but because we believed in and invested in tion called for in this report will be achieved when ourselves. But most important, the work of the National Com- jobs are being created, wages are rising, products mission and the report it has generated recognizes are being manufacturing sustainably and diversity that innovation is what will grow the U.S. economy. describes those engaged in the innovation ecosys- Innovation is not a silver bullet requiring a singular tem, not those left out. action. More money, the creation of a new program or a change in leadership will not suffice. Competing Even with the release of this report, the work is not in the Next Economy is not just the report’s title, but done. an acknowledgment that a new approach is needed. 94 Council on Competitiveness Competing in the Next Economy Conclusion 957

Conclusion

Competing in the Next Economy is a roadmap for To achieve greater than 3 percent annual growth in The Commission will continue. Important ideas were policymakers to follow. It marks a path to innovation gross domestic product will require an “all-hands-on left on the table. Critical recommendations were only leadership, growth, speed and inclusivity. The road- deck” commitment by the nation’s leadership. Amer- hinted at and, of course, science and technology will map acknowledges key truths: ica has tried tax cuts, and the country has spent far continue to evolve and disrupt. The United States more than the government has taken in. Neither have must be more nimble as a nation. Recommendations • Other nations are replicating the structural achieved the results necessary to increase inclusive like the National Council on Innovation and Compet- advantages that historically have made the United States the center of global innovation; prosperity consistent with the Council’s mission to itiveness are intended to better prepare the country increase the standard of living for all Americans. and its leadership to adapt and move quickly to keep • Many nations are developing their own, distinctive Something different is required. Just as innovation is the U.S. competitive. But there will be more to do innovation ecosystems; the key to growth, so must we innovate the nation’s and new challenges to overcome. • The nature of innovation is changing—becoming policy agenda. Only by doing that can we achieve the Important as is it to acknowledge that others are dramatically more interconnected, turbulent and goals set out by the Council and its Commission. making similar investments and have their own plans fast-paced; Is the aspirational goal of 10x innovation possible? for leadership, it is equally important to acknowledge • New research and business models are emerging, That is, perhaps, the wrong question. 10x innovation that, with certain exceptions, those efforts are out allowing someone to imagine, develop and scale is a way of thinking differently than what the of America’s control. The United States must get its a disruptive innovation independent of traditional country has tried for a generation. The agricul- own house in order and put the policies, the infra- institutions; tural revolution, the industrial revolution, and the digi- structure, and the tools in place for its citizens and • Despite the growth of America’s innovation-based tal revolution upended entire sectors of the economy institutions to compete and thrive. Only then will the economy, not every American has been brought creating entirely new industries and services, and country prosper. Not because we bested someone onto the country’s innovation team. required entirely new skills. The new age of innova- else, but because we believed in and invested in tion called for in this report will be achieved when ourselves. But most important, the work of the National Com- jobs are being created, wages are rising, products mission and the report it has generated recognizes are being manufacturing sustainably and diversity that innovation is what will grow the U.S. economy. describes those engaged in the innovation ecosys- Innovation is not a silver bullet requiring a singular tem, not those left out. action. More money, the creation of a new program or a change in leadership will not suffice. Competing Even with the release of this report, the work is not in the Next Economy is not just the report’s title, but done. an acknowledgment that a new approach is needed. 968 Council on Competitiveness Competing in the Next Economy

National Commissioners

CO-CHAIRS Mr. Thomas Baruch Dr. W. Kent Fuchs Dr. Mehmood Khan Managing Director President CEO Baruch Future Ventures University of Florida Life Biosciences, Inc., and Dr. Mark Becker Ms. Joan T.A. Gabel Chairman President President Council on Competitiveness Georgia State University University of Minnesota Dr. Michael Crow Mr. John Chachas Dr. Sheryl Handler President Managing Partner President and CEO Arizona State University, and Methuselah Advisors Ab Initio University Vice-chair Mr. Jim Clifton Mr. Gregory P. Hill Council on Competitiveness Chairman and CEO President and Chief Operating Offi cer Mr. Brian Moynihan Gallup Hess Corporation Chairman and CEO Mr. Mark Crosswhite Mr. Charles O. Holliday, Jr. Bank of America, and Chairman, President and CEO Chairman Industry Vice-chair Alabama Power Company Royal Dutch Shell plc Council on Competitiveness Dr. Steven Currall Mr. G. Michael Hoover Mr. Lonnie Stephenson President President and CEO International President University of South Florida Sundt Construction IBEW, and Labor Vice-chair Dr. Carol Dahl Ms. Jacqueline Hunt Council on Competitiveness Executive Director Member of the Board of Management The Lemelson Foundation Allianz SE Dr. Thomas Zacharia Director Dr. Victor Dzau The Honorable Steve Isakowitz Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and President President and CEO National Laboratory Vice-chair National Academy of Medicine The Aerospace Corporation Council on Competitiveness Dr. Taylor Eighmy Dr. Robert Johnson The Honorable Deborah L. Wince-Smith President President President and CEO The University of Texas at San Antonio Western New England University Council on Competitiveness The Honorable Patricia Falcone Mr. Edward Jung Deputy Director for Science and Technology Founder and CEO Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Xinova, LLC MEMBERS Mr. George Fischer Dr. Paul Kearns Dr. F. King Alexander Senior Vice President and President, Global Director President Enterprise Argonne National Laboratory Oregon State University Verizon Business Group The Honorable Mark Kennedy Dr. Steven Ashby Ms. Janet Foutty President Director Chair of the Board University of Colorado Pacifi c Northwest National Laboratory Deloitte Dr. Pradeep Khosla Dr. Dennis Assanis Dr. Wayne Frederick Chancellor President President University of California, San Diego University of Delaware Howard University National Commissioners 979

Dr. Timothy Killeen Dr. Cathy Sandeen Dr. Michael Witherell President Chancellor Director University of Illinois System University of Alaska Anchorage Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Dr. René Lammers Dr. Kirk Schulz Dr. W. Randolph Woodson Executive Vice President and Chief Science Offi cer President Chancellor PepsiCo, Inc. Washington State University North Carolina State University Dr. Laurie Leshin Dr. Edward Seidel President President Worcester Polytechnic Institute University of Wyoming WITH ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FROM: FedEx Dr. Thomas Mason Dr. Elisa Stephens Director President Los Alamos National Laboratory Academy of Art University Dr. Gary May Mr. Steven Stevanovich Chancellor Chairman and CEO University of California, Davis SGS Global Holdings Dr. Jonathan McIntyre Mr. Sridhar Sudarsan CEO Chief Technology Offi cer Motif FoodWorks, Inc. SparkCognition, Inc. Mr. Chris Musselman Mr. Andrew Thompson Head of U.S. Commercial Business Co-Founder and Board Member Palantir Technologies Summit Schools General Richard Myers Dr. Satish Tripathi President President Kansas State University University at Buffalo Dr. Scott Parazynski Dr. Martin Vanderploeg Founder and CEO President and CEO Fluidity Technologies Workiva Dr. Mark Peters Dr. Steven Walker Former Director Vice President and Chief Technology Offi cer Idaho National Laboratory Lockheed Martin Dr. Darryll Pines Dr. Kim Wilcox President Chancellor University of Maryland University of California, Riverside Mr. Rory Riggs Dr. Wendy Wintersteen Managing Member President Balfour, LLC Iowa State University Dr. M. David Rudd President University of Memphis 1098 Council on Competitiveness Competing in the Next Economy

Advisory Committee

Mr. Ryan Abbott Mr. Raaj Kurapati Dr. John Sarrao Senior Vice President Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Deputy Director—Science, Technology & Sundt Construction Offi cer Engineering University of Memphis Los Alamos National Laboratory Dr. Bernard Arulanandam Interim Vice President for Research, Economic Mr. Don Medley Ms. Mary Snitch Development, and Knowledge Enterprise Head of Government and Community Relations Senior Manager, Global S&T Industry Engagement The University of Texas at San Antonio Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lockheed Martin Mr. Mike Cassidy Dr. David Miller Ms. Jenny Sorensen Director, Emory Biomedical Catalyst Chief Technology Offi cer President Emory University The Aerospace Corporation Sorensen Strategies Dr. Lee Cheatham Mr. Alex Mistri Dr. David Sprott Director, Technology Deployment and Outreach Vice President, Government and External Affairs Dean of the UW College of Business, and Pacifi c Northwest National Laboratory Hess Corporation Co-Chair, International Advisory Committee University of Wyoming Ms. Megan Clifford Dr. Prasant Mohapatra Associate Laboratory Director for Science & Vice Chancellor for Research Ms. Megan Toohey Technology Partnerships and Outreach University of California, Davis Director of Government Relations Argonne National Laboratory The University at Buffalo Mr. Greg Pellegrino Dr. Peter Dorhout Principal | Customer & Marketing Strategy Dr. Rodolfo Torres Vice President for Research Deloitte Vice Chancellor for Research and Economic Kansas State University Development Mr. Jeff Peoples University of California, Riverside Ms. Michele Fite Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Offi cer Chief Administrative Offi cer Dr. Veronica Vallejo Motif FoodWorks, Inc. Southern Company Gas, and R&D Chief of Staff|Offi ce of the Chief Science President Offi cer Mr. Joseph Goodwin AGL Services Company, and PepsiCo, Inc. Senior Vice President, Public Policy Executive I Senior Vice President Bank of America Dr. Marianne Walck Alabama Power Company, and Deputy Laboratory Director for Science and Mr. Stuart Hadley Senior Vice President, Operations Services Technology and Chief Research Offi cer Associate Vice President and Deputy Chief of Staff Southern Company Idaho National Laboratory Arizona State University Dr. Elizabeth Prescott Mr. Brian Wall Mr. William Haldeman Director of Programs, Offi ce of the President Associate Vice President for Research, Innovation Senior Assistant to the President National Academy of Medicine & Economic Impact University of Minnesota Mr. Toby Redshaw Oregon State University Ms. Anna Herken SVP, Enterprise Innovation & 5G Solutions Dr. Jay Walsh Business Division Head US Life Insurance Verizon Interim Vice President for Economic Development Allianz Asset Management GmbH Ms. Mary Remmler and Innovation Ms. Sheryl Hingorani Vice President for Strategic Planning and Analysis University of Illinois System Special Assistant to the Director University of Delaware Dr. Jonathan Wickert Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Dr. Sara Rosen Senior Vice President and Provost Mr. Jovan Jovanovic Dean, College of Arts & Sciences Iowa State University Founding Partner Georgia State University The Watson IP Group, PLC Outreach & Engagement Advisory Committee 1199

Outreach & Engagement Committee

Ms. Alison Bauerlein Ms. Katie Paquet Public Affairs Manager Vice President, Media Relations and Strategic The Aerospace Corporation Communications Arizona State University Ms. Diane Brown Vice President, Enterprise Operations Dr. Susan Peterson Verizon Enterprise Solutions Chief Government Relations Offi cer Kansas State University Mr. Glenn Carter Vice President for Marketing and Communications Dr. Melanie Roberts University of Delaware Director of State and Regional Affairs Pacifi c Northwest National Laboratory Ms. Sarah Chilton Governmental Affairs Specialist Ms. Gabrielle Serra Idaho National Laboratory Director, Federal Government Relations Oregon State University Mr. Adam DeMella Director, Federal Affairs Ms. Jenny Sorensen Oak Ridge National Laboratory President Sorensen Strategies Ms. Mary Larson Diaz Chief of Staff and Interim Vice President for Ms. Sabrina Steele University Relations Executive Director of Corporate Communications The University of Texas at San Antonio and Public Affairs The Aerospace Corporation Mr. Paul Doucette Vice President of Government Relations and Mr. Matthew Swibel Public Policy Director, Digital Transformation and Executive Battelle Communications Lockheed Martin Mr. John German Chief Communications Offi cer Ms. Cameron Taylor Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Vice President, Government and Community Affairs Emory University Mr. Mark Harris Director, External Engagements, Discovery Partners Ms. Dana Topousis Institute Chief Marketing and Communications Offi cer, University of Illinois, Chicago Strategic Communications University of California, Davis Dr. Pam Henderson Founder and CEO Mr. Ted Townsend NewEdge Chief Economic Development and Government Relations Offi cer Ms. Sarah Higgins University of Memphis Deputy Director, Government Relations Argonne National Laboratory Mr. Paul Weinberger Director of Federal Relations Mr. Rob Le Bras-Brown University of Illinois System Founder MaisonLBB Consulting Ms. Sophia Magill Director of Federal Relations Iowa State University 10012 Council on Competitiveness Competing in the Next Economy

Working Group 1 Developing and Deploying at Scale Disruptive Technologies

CO-CHAIRS Ms. Margaret Brooks Mr. Derek Koecher Mr. Mike Cassidy Sr. Manager, Enterprise Innovation & 5G Solutions Vice President, Strategy & Planning Director Verizon Verizon Emory Biomedical Catalyst Dr. Thomas Campbell Mr. Raaj Kurapati Mr. Andre Doumitt Founder and CEO Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Director, Innovation Development FutureGrasp, LLC Offi cer University of Memphis The Aerospace Corporation Mr. Dave Copps Dr. Paul Hommert CEO and Co-Founder Dr. Kelvin Lee Former Director Worlds, Inc. Gore Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Sandia National Laboratories Ms. Candace Culhane University of Delaware, and Program/Project Director Dr. Laurie Locascio Institute Director Los Alamos National Laboratory Vice President for Research National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing University of Maryland Dr. Jennifer Curtis Biopharmaceuticals Dean of the College of Engineering Mr. Toby Redshaw Dr. Edlyn Levine University of California, Davis SVP, Enterprise Innovation & 5G Solutions Lead Physicist, Emerging Technologies Group Verizon Mr. Eric Cylwik The MITRE Corporation, and Dr. John Sarrao Virtual Construction Engineer, Sr. Research Associate, Department of Physics Deputy Director—Science, Technology, & Sundt Construction Harvard University Engineering Mr. Robert Dixon Dr. Sasikanth Manipatruni Los Alamos National Laboratory Dr. Gloria Gonzalez-Rivera Chief Technology Offi cer Dr. Anthony Tether Professor of Economics Kepler Computing Former Director University of California, Riverside Dr. Fred Mannering Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Mr. Jon Greaves Associate Dean for Research, College of Chief Technology Offi cer Engineering, and QTS Data Centers Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering MEMBERS University of South Florida Mr. Ryan Haines Mr. Edward Agne Virtual Construction Application Developer Dr. Theresa Mayer President Sundt Construction Executive Vice President for Research and Communications Strategy Group Inc. Partnerships, and Ms. Maggie Hallbach Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Mr. Dan Armbrust Vice President—State, Local & Education Markets Purdue University Co-Founder Verizon Business Group Silicon Catalyst Dr. Carolyn Meltzer Dr. Alan Hevner William P. Timmie Professor and Chair, Dr. Ramprasad Balasubramanian Distinguished University Professor and Eminent Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, and Associate Provost for Decision Support & Strategic Scholar, and Citigroup/Hidden River Chair of Executive Associate Dean of Faculty Academic Initiatives Distributed Technology Advancement, Leadership and Inclusion, School University of Massachusetts Dartmouth University of South Florida of Medicine Mr. Bill Briggs Mr. Gerardo Interiano Emory University U.S. & Global Chief Technology Offi cer Head of Government Relations Deloitte Aurora Innovation Working Group 1 10113

Mr. Mark Minevich Dr. Gene Robinson Mr. Phil Weilerstein Principal Founder Director, Carl R. Woese Institute for Geonomic President and CEO Going Global Ventures Biology VentureWell University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign Mr. Gregory Morin Dr. James Weyhenmeyer Director of the Offi ce of Strategy, Performance Dr. Robie Samanta Roy Vice President for Research and Economic and Risk VP Technology, Government Affairs Development Argonne National Laboratory Lockheed Martin Auburn University Dr. David Norton Dr. William Sanders Dr. Neal Woodbury Vice President for Research Dr. William D. and Nancy W. Strecker Dean, College Professor and Director, School of Molecular University of Florida of Engineering, and Sciences, and Chief Science Offi cer, Knowledge Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering Enterprise Mr. Marcus Owenby Carnegie Mellon University Arizona State University AVP Innovation and Customer Experience AT&T The Honorable Reuben Sarkar President and CEO Lieutenant Colonel Stewart Parker The American Center for Mobility Senior Military Fellow Center for a New American Security Mr. Guy Snodgrass CEO Dr. William Pike Defense Analytics Division Director, Computing and Analytics Pacifi c Northwest National Laboratory Dr. Roland Stephen Director, Center for Innovation Strategy and Policy Dr. Gary Pratt SRI International Chief Information Offi cer Kansas State University Dr. Neil Thompson Research Scientist, Dr. Arun Rai MIT Computer Science and Artifi cial Intelligence Regents’ Professor, J. Mack Robinson College Lab & MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy of Business, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Director, Center for Digital Innovation Georgia State University Dr. Georgia Tourassi Director, Health Data Sciences Institute, and Dr. Ramamoorthy Ramesh Group Leader, Biomedical Science, Engineering, Professor of Physics and Materials Science and and Computing Engineering Oak Ridge National Laboratory University of California, Berkeley Dr. Gilroy Vandentop Dr. Charles Riordan Director, Corporate University Research Vice President, Research, Scholarship and Intel Innovation, and Professor of Chemistry & Biochemistry Mr. David Vasko University of Delaware Director—Advanced Technology Rockwell Automation Dr. Bogdan Vernescu Vice Provost for Research Worcester Polytechnic Institute 10214 Council on Competitiveness Competing in the Next Economy

Working Group 2 Exploring the Future of Sustainable Production and Consumption

CO-CHAIRS Dr. Ricardo Ernst Dr. Kathleen Merrigan Dr. Thomas Kurfess Baratta Chair in Global Business and Co-Director, Executive Director, Swette Center for Sustainable Chief Manufacturing Offi cer Global Logistics Research Program Food Systems Oak Ridge National Laboratory Georgetown University Arizona State University Ms. Stacy Lippa Mr. Frank Frontiera Dr. Ravi Prasher Vice President of Distribution Director Global Supply Chain Associate Laboratory Director, Energy Technologies Five Below Verizon Area and Division Director, Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division Dr. Thomas Gardner Dr. Albert Pisano Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Dean and Walter J. Zable Distinguished Professor, Chief Technology Offi cer, HP Federal Jacobs School of Engineering HP Inc. Dr. Eric Rasmussen CEO University of California, San Diego Mr. Christopher Geiger Infi nitum Humanitarian Systems The Honorable Branko Terzic Director for Risk Management and Sustainability Managing Director Lockheed Martin Mr. Jay Schrankler Associate Vice President and Head of the Polsky Berkeley Research Group, LLC Ms. Erin Guthrie Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation Director Dr. Mohammad Zaidi University of Chicago Strategic Advisory Board Member Braemar Energy Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Ventures Opportunity Mr. Jason Smith President & CEO Dr. Gary Henry Manhattan Area Chamber of Commerce Dean, College of Education and Human MEMBERS Development, and Professor, School of Education Dr. James Stock and the Joseph R. Biden, Jr. School of Public Policy Distinguished University Professor and Frank Dr. T.J. Augustine & Administration Harvey Endowed Professor of Marketing, and Vice Chancellor for Innovation University of Delaware Co-Director, Monica Wooden Center for Supply University of Illinois at Chicago Chain Management & Sustainability Dr. Nathan Hillson University of South Florida Dr. Marcelle Chauvet Computational Staff Scientist and Department Professor of Economics Head of Biodesign Dr. Maya Trotz University of California, Riverside Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Professor, Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, and Dr. Sue Clark Ms. Ciannat Howett Faculty Fellow, Kiran C. Patel Center for Global Chief Science and Technology Offi cer, Energy and Associate Vice President Solutions Environmental Directorate Resilience, Sustainability, and Economic Inclusion University of South Florida Pacifi c Northwest National Laboratory Emory University Dr. John Warner Dr. Carol Dahl Mr. Noel Kinder Distinguished Research Fellow, Sustainability and Executive Director Chief Sustainability Offi cer Green Chemistry The Lemelson Foundation Nike Zymergen Dr. James Davis Mr. Jonathan King Dr. Tensie Whelan Vice Provost, Information Technology & Chief Assistant to Executive Vice President and Chief Clinical Professor of Business and Society, and Academic Technology Offi cer Administrative Offi cer Director, Center for Sustainable Business University of California, Los Angeles Southern Company Gas NYU Stern School of Business Dr. Helene Dillard Dr. Chauncy Lennon Dr. Paul Wolpe Dean of the College of Agricultural and Vice President for the Future of Learning and Work Raymond F. Schinazi Distinguished Research Chair Environmental Sciences Lumina Foundation University of California, Davis in Jewish Bioethics and Director, Center for Ethics Emory University Working Group 3 10315

Working Group 3 Optimizing the Environment for the National Innovation System

CO-CHAIRS Mr. Jim Carlisle Dr. Ushma Kriplani Dr. Peter Dorhout Senior Vice President, Federal Government Manager, Strategic Planning and Initiatives Vice President for Research Relations Argonne National Laboratory Bank of America Kansas State University Ms. Julie Lenzer Mr. Tad Lipsky Dr. Russell Carrington Chief Innovation Offi cer Assistant Professor and Director of the Competition Chief Technology Transfer Offi cer Lawrence University of Maryland, College Park Berkeley National Laboratory Advocacy Program at the Global Antitrust Institute Dr. Sorin Lungu George Mason University Ms. Ji Mi Choi Professor, National Security Industrial Base Ms. Vickie Lonker Associate Vice President, Entrepreneurship Department, Eisenhower School of National Vice President Global Networking Product and Innovation, Offi ce of Knowledge Enterprise Security and Resource Strategy Management Development National Defense University Arizona State University Verizon Business Group Ms. Rebecca Macieira-Kaufmann Mr. Thomas Dailey The Honorable Olin Wethington Dr. Anthony Margida SVP and General Counsel - International Founder and Principal CEO Verizon Wethington International LLC TechGrit Mr. William Eggers Dr. Cheryl Martin Executive Director, Center for Government Insights Founder Deloitte MEMBERS Harwich Partners Ms. Laure Bachich Ergin Mr. Aditya Bhasin Dr. Sunil Mithas Vice President and General Counsel CIO, Consumer & Small Business & Wealth World Class Scholar and Professor, Muma College University of Delaware Technology of Business Bank of America Dr. Aaron Friedberg University of South Florida Professor of Politics and International Affairs Dr. Robert Bishop Dr. Isabelle Monlouis Princeton University Professor and Dean, College of Engineering Professor of Practice and Associate Director, University of South Florida Ms. Ann Gabriel H.J. Russell Center for Entrepreneurship, Dr. Gerald Blazey Senior Vice President, Global Strategic Entrepreneurship and Innovation Institute Vice President for Research and Innovation Networks Georgia State University Elsevier Partnerships Ms. Christina Orsi Northern Illinois University The Honorable Bart Gordon Associate Vice President for Economic Mr. Brad Brekke Partner Development Principal K&L Gates LLP The University at Buffalo The Brekke Group Ms. Elizabeth P. Gray Dr. Michael Paulus Dr. Branden Brough Partner Director, Technology Transfer Deputy Director, The Molecular Foundry Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP Oak Ridge National Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Dr. Robert Kazanjian Mr. Greg Pellegrino Ms. Rachel Jagoda Brunette Asa Griggs Candler Chair and Professor in Principal | Customer & Marketing Strategy Program Offi cer Organization & Management, and Deloitte Senior Associate Dean for Strategic Initiatives The Lemelson Foundation Dr. Kenneth Poole Emory University CEO/President Center for Regional Economic Competitiveness 10416 Council on Competitiveness Competing in the Next Economy

Ms. Irene Qualters Associate Laboratory Director, Simulation & Computation Los Alamos National Laboratory Dr. M. David Rudd President University of Memphis Dr. Karl Smith Vice President of Federal Tax and Economic Policy The Tax Foundation Mr. Bruce Sommer Director of Economic Development and Innovation University of Illinois at Springfi eld Ms. Sara Sutton Founder and CEO FlexJobs Ms. Anne Tucker Professor of Law Georgia State University Dr. Rao Unnava Dean of the UC Davis Graduate School of Management University of California, Davis Working Group 4 10517

Working Group 4 Unleashing Capabilities for Work and Entrepreneurship

CO-CHAIRS Dr. Dedric Carter Ms. Sara Lawrence Mr. Leslie Boney Vice Chancellor for Operations and Technology Program Director, Innovation Led Economic Growth Vice Provost, and Director, Institute Transfer, and RTI International Professor of Engineering Practice, McKelvey for Emerging Issues Ms. Amy Lientz School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and North Carolina State University Director for Energy Industry Supply Chain U.S. Scholars Ambassador, McDonnell International Idaho National Laboratory Dr. Lee Cheatham Scholars Academy Director, Technology Deployment and Outreach Washington University in St. Louis Mr. John Melville Pacifi c Northwest National Laboratory Co-CEO Dr. Jasbir Dhaliwal Collaborative Economics Dr. Carol Dahl Executive Vice President for Research and Executive Director Innovation Ms. Esther Owolabi The Lemelson Foundation University of Memphis Manager, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Talent Engagement Dr. Lloyd Jacobs Mr. Ernest Dianastasis Google Former President Founder and CEO University of Toledo The Precisionists, Inc. Mr. Thomas Ruhe President and CEO Ms. Julie Meier Wright Mr. J.R. Edwards NC IDEA Strategic Advisor Staff, Chief Technology Offi ce/Enterprise Business Collaborative Economics Transformation, and Project Lead/Digital Futures Mr. Luke Tate Ms. Erica Volini Lockheed Martin Associate Vice President and Executive Director, Opportunity Initiatives, Offi ce of the President Global Human Capital Leader Dr. Jerry Haar Arizona State University Deloitte Professor and Executive Director for the Americas, College of Business Mr. Donald Thompson Florida International University President & CEO Walk West MEMBERS Mr. Bill Johansen Ms. Charlotte Alexander Senior Advisor to the Deputy Laboratory Director Ms. Van Ton-Quinlivan WomenLead / Connie D. McDaniel Chair, and for Research CEO Associate Professor of Law and Analytics, J. Mack Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Futuro Health Robinson College of Business Mr. Steven Kuyan Mr. Terry Urbanek Georgia State University Director, Entrepreneurship Institute for Invention, International Representative Dr. Moody Altamimi Innovation, and Entrepreneurship, and United Association of the Plumbing and Pipefi tting Director, Offi ce of Research Excellence Managing Director Industry Oak Ridge National Laboratory New York University Future Labs Mr. Phil Weilerstein Dr. Carlotta Arthur President and CEO Director, The Clare Boothe Luce Program for VentureWell Foundation Women in STEM Dr. David Williams Henry Luce Foundation Director of Policy Outreach Dr. Sundari Baru Opportunity Insights Ms. Sunne Wright McPeak President & CEO California Emerging Technology Fund 10618 Council on Competitiveness Competing in the Next Economy

About the Council on Competitiveness

For more than three decades, the Council on Com- Council on Competitiveness petitiveness (Council) has championed a compet- 900 17th Street, NW itiveness agenda for the United States to attract Suite 700 investment and talent, and spur the commercializa- Washington, D.C. 20006 tion of new ideas. +1 (202) 682-4292 While the players may have changed since its found- Compete.org ing in 1986, the mission remains as vital as ever— to enhance U.S. productivity and raise the standard of living for all Americans. The members of the Council—CEOs, university pres- idents, labor leaders and national lab directors—rep- resent a powerful, nonpartisan voice that sets aside politics and seeks results. By providing real-world perspective to Washington policymakers, the Coun- cil’s private sector network makes an impact on decision-making across a broad spectrum of issues from the cutting-edge of science and technol- ogy, to the democratization of innovation, to the shift from energy weakness to strength that supports the growing renaissance in U.S. manufacturing. The Council’s leadership group firmly believes that with the right policies, the strengths and potential of the U.S. economy far outweigh the current chal- lenges the nation faces on the path to higher growth and greater opportunity for all Americans. Council on Competitiveness Council on Competitiveness Members, Fellows Members, and Acknowledgments Fellows and Staff 10719

Council on Competitiveness Members, Fellows and Acknowledgments

BOARD Mr. William H. Bohnett Dr. Pradeep K. Khosla Chairman President Chancellor Dr. Mehmood Khan Whitecap Investments, LLC University of California, San Diego Chief Executive Offi cer Dr. James P. Clements Mr. James B. Milliken Life Biosciences, Inc. President Chancellor Industry Vice-chair Clemson University The University of Texas System Mr. Brian T. Moynihan Mr. Jim Clifton Gen. Richard B. Myers Chairman and Chief Executive Offi cer Chairman and CEO President Bank of America Gallup Kansas State University University Vice-chair Mr. Mark A. Crosswhite Mr. Nicholas T. Pinchuk Dr. Michael M. Crow Chairman, President & CEO Chairman and CEO President Alabama Power Company Snap-on Incorporated Arizona State University Dr. John J. DeGioia Professor Michael E. Porter Labor Vice-chair President Bishop William Lawrence University Professor Mr. Lonnie Stephenson Georgetown University Harvard Business School International President Mr. George Fischer Dr. Mark S. Schlissel IBEW Senior Vice President and President, Global President Chairman Emeritus Enterprise University of Michigan Mr. Samuel R. Allen Verizon Business Group Mr. Steve Stevanovich Chairman Ms. Janet Foutty Chairman and Chief Executive Offi cer Deere & Company Chair of the Board SGS Global Holdings President & CEO Deloitte LLP Ms. Randi Weingarten The Honorable Deborah L. Wince-Smith Dr. William H. Goldstein President Council on Competitiveness Director American Federation of Teachers, AFL-CIO Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Dr. W. Randolph Woodson FOUNDER Mr. James S. Hagedorn Chancellor Chairman and CEO North Carolina State University Mr. John Young The Scotts Miracle-Gro Company Former Chief Executive Offi cer Mr. Paul A. Yarossi Hewlett Packard Company Dr. Sheryl Handler President President and CEO HNTB Holdings Ltd. Ab Initio Dr. Robert J. Zimmer EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Mr. Charles O. Holliday, Jr. President Chairman The University of Chicago Mr. Jim Balsillie Royal Dutch Shell, plc Co-founder Institute for New Economic Thinking Ms. Jacqueline Hunt Member of the Board of Management GENERAL MEMBERS Mr. Thomas R. Baruch Allianz, SE Managing Director Dr. F. King Alexander Baruch Future Ventures The Honorable Shirley Ann Jackson President President Oregon State University Dr. Gene D. Block Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Chancellor Mr. Jonathan R. Alger University of California, Los Angeles Dr. Farnam Jahanian President President James Madison University Carnegie Mellon University 10820 Council on Competitiveness Competing in the Next Economy

Dr. Michael Amiridis Dr. Julio Frenk Mr. Sean McGarvey Chancellor President President University of Illinois at Chicago University of Miami North America’s Building Trades Unions Dr. Joseph E. Aoun Dr. W. Kent Fuchs Dr. Jonathan McIntyre President President Chief Executive Offi cer Northeastern University University of Florida Motif FoodWorks, Inc. Dr. Dennis Assanis Ms. Joan T. A. Gabel Brig. Gen. John Michel President President Director, Executive Committee University of Delaware University of Minnesota Skyworks Global Dr. Eric Barron The Honorable Patrick D. Gallagher Mr. Jere W. Morehead President Chancellor President The Pennsylvania State University University of Pittsburgh University of Georgia The Honorable Sandy K. Baruah Dr. E. Gordon Gee Mr. Christopher Musselman President and Chief Executive Offi cer President Head, U.S. Commercial Business Detroit Regional Chamber West Virginia University Palantir Technologies, Inc. Dr. Mark P. Becker Dr. Amy Gutmann Dr. Darryll Pines President President President Georgia State University University of Pennsylvania University of Maryland Dr. Richard Benson Ms. Marillyn A. Hewson Mr. John Pyrovolakis President Executive Chairman of the Board CEO The University of Texas at Dallas Lockheed Martin Innovation Accelerator Foundation The Honorable Rebecca M. Blank Mr. Gregory P. Hill Dr. L. Rafael Reif Chancellor President and Chief Operating Offi cer President University of Wisconsin—Madison Hess Corporation Massachusetts Institute of Technology Dr. Lee C. Bollinger Mr. G. Michael Hoover Mr. Rory Riggs President Chief Executive Offi cer Managing Member Columbia University Sundt Construction Balfour, LLC Dr. Robert A. Brown Dr. Eric Isaacs VADM Fritz Roegge, USN President President President Boston University Carnegie Institution for Science National Defense University Mr. Al Bunshaft The Honorable Steven J. Isakowitz Mr. John Rogers Senior Vice President, Global Affairs President and Chief Executive Offi cer President and CEO Dassault Systèmes Americas The Aerospace Corporation Local Motors The Honorable Sylvia M. Burwell Rev. John I. Jenkins Dr. Rodney Rogers President President President American University University of Notre Dame Bowling Green State University Mr. John Chachas Dr. Robert E. Johnson Mr. Clayton Rose Manging Partner President President Methuselah Advisors Western New England University Bowdoin College Dr. Steven Currall Mr. Edward Jung Mr. Douglas Rothwell President Founder and CEO President and Chief Executive Offi cer University of South Florida Xinova, LLC Business Leaders for Michigan The Honorable Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr. The Honorable Mark Kennedy Dr. David Rudd President President President Purdue University University of Colorado University of Memphis Mr. Ernest J. Dianastasis Dr. Timothy L. Killeen Vice Admiral John R. Ryan CEO President President and Chief Executive Offi cer The Precisionists, Inc. University of Illinois System Center for Creative Leadership Dr. Taylor Eighmy Dr. Laurie A. Leshin Dr. Cathy Sandeen President President Chancellor The University of Texas at San Antonio Worcester Polytechnic Institute University of Alaska Anchorage Dr. Gregory L. Fenves Dr. Michael R. Lovell Dr. Timothy D. Sands President President President Emory University Marquette University Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Mr. Robert Ford Dr. Larry R. Marshall Dr. Kirk Schulz President and Chief Operating Offi cer Chief Executive President Abbott CSIRO Washington State University Dr. Wayne A. I. Frederick Dr. Gary S. May Dr. Edward Seidel President Chancellor President Howard University University of California, Davis University Wyoming Council on Competitiveness Council on Competitiveness Members, Fellows Members, and Acknowledgments Fellows and Staff 10921

Mr. Frederick W. Smith CORPORATE PARTNERS Dr. Klaus Hoehn, Distinguished Fellow Chairman and Chief Executive Offi cer HP Federal Former Senior Advisor—Innovation & Technology to FedEx the Offi ce of the Intel Corporation Chairman, and Vice President, Advanced Dr. Joseph E. Steinmetz Technology & Engineering Chancellor PepsiCo, Inc Deere & Company University of Arkansas Philip Morris International Dr. Paul J. Hommert, Distinguished Fellow Dr. Elisa Stephens SparkCognition, Inc. Former Director, Sandia National Laboratories; and President Former President, Sandia Corporation Academy of Art University Dr. Lloyd A. Jacobs, Distinguished Fellow Dr. Claire Sterk UNIVERSITY PARTNERS President Emeritus, The University of Toledo President Emory University The Texas A&M University System Dr. Ray O. Johnson, Distinguished Fellow Executive in Residence, Bessemer Venture Dr. Elizabeth Stroble University of California, Irvine Partners; and Former Senior Vice President and President Chief Technology Offi cer, Lockheed Martin Webster University The Honorable Martha Kanter, Distinguished Dr. Kumble R. Subbaswamy NATIONAL AFFILIATES Fellow Chancellor Dr. Dean Bartles Executive Director, College Promise Campaign University of Massachusetts Amherst President & CEO Mr. Dominik Knoll, Senior Fellow Dr. Satish K. Tripathi National Center for Defense Manufacturing and Former Chief Executive Offi cer President Machining World Trade Center of New Orleans University at Buffalo Mr. Jeffrey Finkle The Honorable Steven E. Koonin, Distinguished Dr. Marty Vanderploeg President and CEO Fellow Chief Executive Offi cer and President International Economic Development Council Director, Center for Urban Science and Progress, Workiva Ms. Sherry Lundeen and Professor, Information, Operations & Dr. Ruth Watkins President Management Sciences, Leonard N. Stern School of President ARCS Foundation Inc. Business, New York University; and Former Second University of Utah Dr. David W. Oxtoby Under Secretary of Energy for Science, U.S. Dr. Adam S. Weinberg President Department of Energy President American Academy of Arts and Sciences Mr. R. Brad Lane, Distinguished Fellow Denison University Co-Founder & Chief Executive Offi cer Dr. Kim A. Wilcox RIDGE-LANE Limited Chancellor FELLOWS The Honorable Alan P. Larson, Distinguished University of California, Riverside Mr. Bray Barnes, Senior Fellow Fellow Dr. Wendy Wintersteen Director, Global Security & Innovative Strategies, Senior International Policy Advisor, Covington & President Washington, DC Burling LLP; and Former Under Secretary of State for Economics, U.S. Department of State Iowa State University Ms. Jennifer S. Bond, Senior Fellow Former Director, Science & Engineering Indicators Mr. Alex R. Larzelere, Senior Fellow Program, National Science Foundation President, Larzelere & Associates LLC; and Former Director, Modeling and Simulation Energy NATIONAL LABORATORY PARTNERS Dr. Thomas A. Campbell, Senior Fellow Innovation Hub, Offi ce of Nuclear Energy, U.S. Former National Intelligence Offi cer for Technology, Dr. Steven F. Ashby Department of Energy Director Offi ce of the Director of National Intelligence Mr. Abbott Lipsky, Senior Fellow Pacifi c Northwest National Laboratory Dr. C. Michael Cassidy, Senior Fellow Former Partner, Latham & Watkins LLP Dr. Paul Kearns Director, Emory Biomedical Catalyst, Emory Director University Mr. Edward J. McElroy, Distinguished Fellow Former Chief Executive Offi cer, Ullico, Inc. Argonne National Laboratory Ms. Dona L. Crawford, Senior Fellow Dr. Martin Keller President, Livermore Lab Foundation; and The Honorable Julie Meier Wright, Senior Fellow Director Former Associate Director, Computation, Lawrence Former Chief Executive, San Diego Regional National Renewable Energy Laboratory Livermore National Laboratory Economic Development Corporation; and Former First Secretary of Trade & Commerce, State of The Honorable Bart J. Gordon, Distinguished Dr. Thomas Mason California Director Fellow Los Alamos National Laboratory Partner, K&L Gates LLP; and Mr. Mark Minevich, Senior Fellow Former United States Representative (TN) President, Going Global Ventures Dr. James S. Peery Director Mr. Thomas Hicks, Distinguished Fellow Ms. Michelle Moore, Senior Fellow Sandia National Laboratories Principal, The Mabus Group; and Former Chief Executive Offi cer, Groundswell; and Undersecretary of the Navy, U.S. Department of Former Senior Advisor to the Director, Offi ce of Dr. Michael Witherell Defense Management and Budget, Executive Offi ce of the Director President of the United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Dr. Harris Pastides, Distinguished Fellow Dr. Thomas Zacharia President Emeritus Director University of South Carolina Oak Ridge National Laboratory 11022 Council on Competitiveness Competing in the Next Economy

Dr. Luis M. Proenza, Distinguished Fellow ACKNOWLEDGMENTS President Emeritus, The University of Akron Under the leadership of Council on Competitive- Ms. Jody Ruth, Senior Fellow ness President & CEO, the Honorable Deborah CEO, Redstones L. Wince-Smith, Council Executive Vice President Chad Evans manages the National Commission Mr. Reuben Sarkar, Senior Fellow Community—including the development and Former Deputy Assistant Secretary for execution of the Commissioners’ meetings, the Transportation, U.S. Department of Energy Working Group virtual dialogues, and the develop- Mr. Allen Shapard, Senior Fellow ment of Competing in the Next Economy. Thanks Senior Director, Chair of Public Engagement to Executive Vice President William Bates for his Strategies support; to Senior Advisor Carol Ann Meares for APCO Worldwide her research, writing and additional contributions to the Commission’s reports in 2020; and to Senior Dr. Branko Terzic, Distinguished Fellow Policy Director Yasmin Hilpert and Policy Ana- Managing Director, Berkeley Research Group, LLC lyst Tim Planert for their research and technical Dr. Anthony J. Tether, Distinguished Fellow support. The Council also recognizes the important Former Director, Defense Advanced Research contributions from its strategic communications Projects Agency, U.S. Department of Defense partners at Subject Matter—Steve Jost, Michael Ms. Maria-Elena Tierno, Senior Fellow Nelson and Kendall Carter—and its designer, Ms. Alison Walsh. Senior Business Development Manager, Constellation Energy Dr. Thomas M. Uhlman, Distinguished Fellow Founder and Managing Partner, New Venture Partners LLC Dr. William Wescott, Senior Fellow Managing Partner, BrainOxygen, LLC. Mr. Olin L. Wethington, Distinguished Fellow Founder, Wethington International LLC Former Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, U.S. Department of the Treasury Dr. David B. Williams, Senior Fellow Monte Ahuja Endowed Dean’s Chair Dean of the College of Engineering The Ohio State University Dr. Mohammad A. Zaidi, Distinguished Fellow Member, Strategic Advisory Board, Braemer Energy Ventures; and Former Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Offi cer, Alcoa, Inc. 110 Council on Competitiveness Competing in the Next Economy

Dr. Luis M. Proenza, Distinguished Fellow ACKNOWLEDGMENTS President Emeritus, The University of Akron Under the leadership of Council on Competitive- Ms. Jody Ruth, Senior Fellow ness President & CEO, the Honorable Deborah CEO, Redstones L. Wince-Smith, Council Executive Vice President Chad Evans manages the National Commission Mr. Reuben Sarkar, Senior Fellow Community—including the development and Former Deputy Assistant Secretary for execution of the Commissioners’ meetings, the Transportation, U.S. Department of Energy Working Group virtual dialogues, and the develop- Mr. Allen Shapard, Senior Fellow ment of Competing in the Next Economy. Thanks Senior Director, Chair of Public Engagement to Executive Vice President William Bates for his Strategies support; to Senior Advisor Carol Ann Meares for APCO Worldwide her research, writing and additional contributions to the Commission’s reports in 2020; and to Senior Dr. Branko Terzic, Distinguished Fellow Policy Director Yasmin Hilpert and Policy Ana- Managing Director, Berkeley Research Group, LLC lyst Tim Planert for their research and technical Dr. Anthony J. Tether, Distinguished Fellow support. The Council also recognizes the important Former Director, Defense Advanced Research contributions from its strategic communications Projects Agency, U.S. Department of Defense partners at Subject Matter—Steve Jost, Michael Ms. Maria-Elena Tierno, Senior Fellow Nelson and Kendall Carter—and its designer, Ms. Alison Walsh. Senior Business Development Manager, Constellation Energy Dr. Thomas M. Uhlman, Distinguished Fellow Founder and Managing Partner, New Venture Partners LLC Dr. William Wescott, Senior Fellow Managing Partner, BrainOxygen, LLC. Mr. Olin L. Wethington, Distinguished Fellow Founder, Wethington International LLC Former Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, U.S. Department of the Treasury Dr. David B. Williams, Senior Fellow Monte Ahuja Endowed Dean’s Chair Dean of the College of Engineering The Ohio State University Dr. Mohammad A. Zaidi, Distinguished Fellow Member, Strategic Advisory Board, Braemer Energy Ventures; and Former Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Offi cer, Alcoa, Inc. Council on Competitiveness 900 17th Street, NW, Suite 700, Washington, D.C. 20006, T 202 682 4292 Compete.org