Seahawks Legend & New Seattle Science Foundation Ambassador

Winter Report 2016

Ricardo Lockette Seahawks Legend & New Seattle Science Foundation Ambassador

After nearly dying on the field, retired NFL player Ricardo Lockette explains the power of grit & his work with the Seattle Science Foundation. Page 6 Seattle Science Foundation

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After nearly dying on the field, retired NFL player Ricardo Lockette explains the power of grit & his work with the Seattle Science Foundation BY Taylor Soper, Geekwire.com

For Ricardo Lockette, overcoming adversity started Throughout his life, Lockette’s grit — a personality long before the former NFL wide receiver and special trait regarded by some researchers as an indicator of teams stud nearly died on the field last year in Dallas. success — has carried him through adversity, which included the scary moment this past November when It starts in Albany, Ga., where the 30-year-old first Lockette had his skull disconnected from his spinal developed the grit and determination that helped cord after taking a big hit while on punt coverage for Lockette push through obstacle after obstacle before the Seahawks. eventually making it to the NFL and winning a Super Bowl with the Seattle Seahawks. I had the pleasure of interviewing Lockette on stage at the 2016 GeekWire Summit, where he shared his It goes from ending up at a Division II college after inspiring life story and talked about how he’s now poor academics prevented him from at playing at a committed his life to helping others in need after re- top school; to not being selected in the 2011 NFL tiring from the NFL in May. Lockette is now partnering Draft; to bouncing around NFL practice squads. with the Seattle Science Foundation to support spinal cord research. You can watch the interview online at www.ssfyoutube.org, or read the transcript below.

GeekWire’s Taylor Soper: “Most people here probably know you because of your time in the league, but your journey starts in Albany, Georgia, where you were born and raised. Let’s start with how you grew up and what your childhood was like.”

Ricardo Lockette: “First of all, thank you guys for hav- ing me. It’s pleasure to be here. I always feel at home when I’m in Seattle. Growing up in Albany, Georgia is a little different than Washington. Really hot, as you can imagine, gnats everywhere. But my dad, he was a major influence in my life. He was my first football coach at the age of seven. He was always hard on me, harder than everyone else. So I had to run extra laps, had to be at practice early because obviously, he was the coach. I had to do all these things that he made me do, that I felt was unfair. I think that was the first lesson, as far as my life, as far as grit, and being resilient. I felt like stuff was harder, but I was still a kid, and I somehow still had to overcome those obstacles, because my love for my dad was greater than the effort it took to do the work that he was asking me to do.”

GeekWire: “You didn’t really get into football until high school, junior year. I read somewhere that you were jumping over cars and someone was like, ‘You need to go play football.’”

Lockette: “No, no, I’d been playing football for awhile. But I started running track in my sophomore year, and it was just basically off the fact that some guy didn’t show up one day, and the track coach asked me to run a lap in the 4×4. We ended up winning. That year I set three school records.”

GeekWire: “Not bad — you were fast, even back then.

You eventually played college ball at Fort Valley State. Photos by Dan DeLong You didn’t get a whole bunch of attention from NFL scouts, but you did win the Division II 200-meter NCAA Championship. What was going through your mind? Was the NFL what you wanted to do? Or maybe the Olympics?” geekwire.com Lockette: “In high school, I was kind of the big guy on campus, and teachers kind of helped me along. They your hunger. That sandwich didn’t stop your life, it kind of passed me, because I was kind of the nice guy didn’t ruin your plans for being great at anything. It who was great at sports. But that ultimately affected was a small obstacle that you didn’t plan on that hap- my college career because I had offers from major D1 pened — and that is grit. That’s where it comes from. schools, but because of the lack of attention I paid to It comes from being great, being resilient.” my education in high school, it caused me to go to a Division II. Everyone was just like, ‘Hey, now he’s going GeekWire: “So you made it through school, but you Division II, he’s not going D1, he can’t go to the NFL, didn’t get drafted. You did get an invitation to the NFL what is he going to do now?’ Everyone’s asking me Combine, where all the scouts address your skills, but this, and it was just aggravating, so much. They were the draft went by in 2011 and you didn’t get drafted. asking, ‘What are you going to do now?’ Like, okay, so Was that the end? Were you just like, ‘Okay, I’ll go find you’re giving up on me. You don’t believe I can do it. something else,’ or was the fire still in you to make it?” You don’t believe I can do it. Lockette: “The longer I sit here, the more and more Everyone would ask me that, so I said to myself that stuff that you bring up, it’s like, wow. All these doors no matter what school I go to, I’m going to be the have been closed in my life. This is really the first time best, every day, no matter what. But first of all, I’m not that I’ve heard all these things back to back to back.” supposed to be here. I’m bigger than this. I felt like I was bigger than every situation. I felt like I was better than every person that was next to me, and I felt like GeekWire: “We’re just getting started here.” there was no goal that was unobtainable. Lockette: “So coming out of Fort Valley State, like I said, I had the drive and I’m telling everyone that you can do it, you can make it, you can make it. And here So being in that environment, I think I brought my we go over again, here’s the draft and everybody is teammates along, I brought my coaches along, and I like, ‘OK, hardly anybody comes out of a Division II brought my family along with the drive that I had. And school, so this is our guy, he’s going to make it.’ And it I made it work out of Fort Valley State, I think.” doesn’t happen. GeekWire: “At such a young age, I mean, you’re only a college kid. Where did that drive come from? Was it your father? Was it the way you were brought up? Was So this happens again. ‘What are you going to do it the small community? That doesn’t just come.” now? Well, you know, I have a mechanics shop where you can do this…’ I’m not doing that. I have a goal. I have a purpose, and this is what I’m going to do. Lockette: “People always ask, ‘Where does that drive come from?’ Coach [Pete] Carroll, we have talks around the locker room and meetings about, where So time goes by, a couple teams call, and Coach does grit come from? What is it? Like I said before, I Carroll gives me the call. He says, ‘Hey, I read up on think it’s when your passion, or when your purpose, you. I know who you are. I’m just going to give you an is greater than the work, like I said. A lot of people opportunity.’ At that time, when I told my family, and have plans of doing this, and they have plans of being I told my friends, the look in their eyes, the way my great, and coming up with the next this and the next grandparents cried, the way my dad smiled, just out of that. But sometimes, there are bumps in the road that pure happiness … it’s something that I knew I couldn’t you didn’t plan on. And sometimes people derail from let die. The only way I would let that die is if I come to their plans. Seattle and waste the opportunity that I had.

I talk to my kids, and I talk to other people, and I say, I think every day we wake up, we have an opportunity ‘Look at it this way. If you went to the kitchen, and you to do something. Obviously, everyone in here realizes were fixing a sandwich, and you were really hungry, that. If there’s anything you can take from this and and you dropped your sandwich — that doesn’t stop take from me, don’t ever give up on your dreams, be- your hunger. So do you go to lay down, and say I cause there’s someone older, younger, next door that’s dropped my sandwich, or do you fix another sand- watching you, and they are going to reap the benefits wich, or do you find something else to eat?’ from what we do in this room. I think this is an amazing group, and I think this is an amazing meeting. GeekWire — it’s something that’s going to change the That’s pretty much what I think life’s about. I’m no world, and I’m pleased to be a part of it.” philosopher or anything, but I think it’s about feeding GeekWire: “So you made the team, but you didn’t actually play your first game until about four months later in December. It’s a home game, CenturyLink Field, it’s electric, and on the first play, Seahawks have the ball, Tavaris Jackson drops back, 44 yards, you’re right there. You make the catch. You’re right on the Seahawks sideline. Everyone’s going crazy. That’s got to be an amazing feeling.”

Lockette: “That was actually one of the best days of my career, because my dad’s favorite team, coinciden- tally, is the 49ers. So my first play was Christmas Eve and we played the 49ers. I told my dad, I said, ‘Hey, Photos by Dan DeLong watch the game today. I got something to show you.’ He doesn’t know that I’m active. He just thinks that at this kind of like a war zone, kind of like a military I’m going to sitting on the sideline in a sweatsuit, and thing. It’s like, I’m blocking for Marshawn so that he hopes that I don’t run across the field and do some- can get there and hug his mom. I’m blocking for Rus- thing crazy. sell Wilson so that he can get back and hug Ciara. It’s bigger than us, is what I’m saying. You understand So the very first play of the game, Christmas Eve, the purpose. The purpose isn’t just to get a touch- my dad’s favorite team, his son that he coached his down. The purpose is to do everything right so that entire life is walking out on the field. He’s like, ‘I was certain people don’t get hurt, and so forth and so on. watching it and I thought that was you but I wasn’t Obviously, certain things happen, but that’s how it quite sure. Next thing I knew, they hiked the ball and goes.” they threw you the ball and I was just hoping that you caught it, just hoping that you caught it, and when GeekWire: “Let’s jump to last November, almost a year you caught it, I couldn’t stop the tears from my eyes, ago now. You’re in Dallas, you’re sprinting down as because that was everything I wanted you to experi- fast as you can on punt coverage, and bam. You get ence. I wanted you to know that you were great, and hit, you fall. You’re not moving. What was going on in that anything was possible.’ So that Christmas Eve your mind?” was one of the best Christmas Eves, one of the best gifts I probably could have given my dad.” Lockette: “We’re running down, and Coach Carroll, he’s like, ‘Let’s go, let’s go, let’s go. Rocket, we need you. Let’s go. Let’s roll, let’s roll.’ He’s really high-energy like “It’s about the team, it’s this. We get ready to roll, and the ball is snapped, and about my family, it’s about I give a move, and I’m running down the field, and then I check to see the flight of the ball, because I’m going my community, it’s about to fight for the return, no brakes. I’m running right for him, and I see him, I see him, and I’m pushing this guy helping others, it’s about off. the greater cause for life Then, all of a sudden I hear a boom. It’s like a loud itself.” crack, right there. It’s kind of the sound if you were to hit a fork on the side of a glass. I’m just laying there, Lockette: “It’s more of a family environment, and it’s and the only thing I can move is my eyes. I’m looking the way he incorporates family into business. A lot of around. I can’t hear anything. That was a moment times, you know, we’re at work and you’re away from where a lot of things changed in my life. your family, you’re away from your husband, you’re away from your kids. But what Coach Carroll does, I look at myself as a warrior. I look at myself as some- he brings your family in. He makes it real. He says, one that can’t be stopped. I look at someone that has ‘hey Ricardo, these are Russell Okung’s kids, this is an unbreakable personality, and that moment, I was his wife, this is so-and-so.’ Then, you understand, they extremely vulnerable. I wasn’t a warrior. There was have to get back to these people. We kind of look nothing that I could do for myself. I look at myself as a warrior. I look at myself as someone that can’t be stopped. I look at someone that has an unbreakable personality, and that moment, I was extremely vulnerable. I wasn’t a warrior. There was nothing that I could do for myself.

So I’m laying there, and I’m just asking God to just give me the opportunity to get up and walk again. Give me the opportunity to hug my mom again. Give me the opportunity to at least tell my daughter that I love her, and I want her to be great in life. At that point, I’m laying on the ground, and touchdowns and X’s and O’s and Super Bowls don’t matter anymore. That’s when you realize what’s really important in life. What’s really important in life is affecting others in a my family a little while to get to the hospital. My mom positive way. How do they feel about you? If you leave and the doctor says, ‘hey, your daughter is outside.’ today, what did you do to help mankind, your family, November 1st is actually her birthday, so she came to your brothers, your sisters? That’s what’s important to that game as a birthday gift from me. She’s outside, me now. she’s ten years old. She’s at the door. They’re like, ‘Do you want her to come in?’ I had great doctors and a great training staff. They helped me out. I’m laying there and pretty much my At this point, I have to think about — I’m the hero, I’m skull is disconnected from my spinal cord. If my team- the warrior, and my daughter’s like, she’s my little girl, mates were to come over and say, ‘hey, get up,’ and she’s my angel. Do I want her to see me like this? Dad- pull my hand or move my arm, I would have died. If dy’s all bandaged up, stuff’s all on his neck, wires and the play would have extended a couple more seconds, stuff everywhere. Do I want her to see me like this? Do and the guy would have ran the ball and fell on top of I want to see her at my weakest point? me or whatever, I would have died. If the training staff had came over and just tried to pick me up or put me My answer was yes, because I wanted her to feel on the cart some kind of way, I probably would have okay. I didn’t want her to go to sleep not knowing died. what happened to daddy, or not knowing this, not knowing that. I wanted to deal with that void in her But I’m thankful to be here. I’m thankful to God that brain. Once she got in, all my tears went away. All my I’m here. Because their training, their studying, their pain went away, because, like I say, my purpose was passion for what they want to do, what they wanted bigger than the effort or the work it took to get the to do and be, saved my life. I dare not take that for job done. The job that I had to get done was to show granted. There’s a lot of people that are in the hospital my daughter that no matter what happens, you can right now that are fighting for their lives, and a lot of always win. There’s always another day. Hey, dad- people that’s not here today. I dare not waste another dy’s going to be okay. You know, don’t cry. It’s OK, it’s day not giving my all to be the best I can be, giving football, you know? This is not … we’re going to have a my all to help others complete their dreams and their birthday party tomorrow. goals in life.” At this point, I don’t know if my neck’s broken, I don’t GeekWire: “What were those couple weeks, maybe know if I’ll ever walk again. I have no idea. All I know months after … I know you had some conversations. is that I have two to three minutes with my daughter Marshawn visited you in your hospital room. I’m sure that thinks I’m the greatest thing that ever happened some of these thoughts that you have now, you had to life, and I have to make her happy. That’s what I did, then. And your daughter came. What were those con- and I’m glad that I chose to let her come in the room.” versations like? Was your perspective already changing at that point? GeekWire: “You decided to retire earlier this year. As we talk about how your perspective has changed, it’s Lockette: “Yeah. It had definitely changed. Maybe an tough to hang up the cleats, but you dedicated your hour after the hit happened, it took my daughter and life to helping others in need. Why?” Lockette: “Because others helped me when I was at GeekWire: “From growing up in Albany, to Fort Valley the lowest point, or the worst point in my life. Coming State, to not being drafted, to bouncing around prac- out of the hospital, I would say, maybe like an hour tice squads — you went to three Super Bowls in a row after that, I saw a group of homeless people on the and you won one. Your story is so full of perseverance corner. It had to be at least 100 of them. I couldn’t and grit. For people out there, whether it’s an entrepre- believe that this many homeless people were on the neur, or a kid studying for his math test — there’s been street. In Georgia you don’t see that many. In Seattle, studies done that perseverance and grit can trump IQ you see it here or there, but Dallas, it was more people or intelligence almost every time. What advice would on the street than there probably is here. I was won- you give to that person, in terms of them asking you, dering, what could I do, what could I do, what could I ‘How do I get more grit? How do I get more confidence do? An hour after surgery, obviously I can’t do much, I in myself?’ What would you tell them?” can barely move. Lockette: “You find the purpose. If you’re creating I tell the driver to turn around and go by the burger something that’s going to stop paralysis or you talk to place. We bought a hundred burgers. Ever since that people that are in wheelchairs, or you talk to people day, trying to help homeless and just giving back has that are on crutches, or you talk to people that are been a snowball effect for me, and I’m excited about going through spinal cord injury. You talk to someone everything that I’m going to be doing, and doing in the in that area. If you’re dealing with a math test, ‘Hey future.” mom, what happens if I don’t pass this? What happen if I do pass this?’ It’s up to your parents, I think, to GeekWire: “Speaking of helping others, you are help- instill that. ing out the Seattle Science Foundation with some pretty cool work they’re doing with spinal injuries. Can you talk a little bit about that?”

Lockette: “These guys are amazing. The Seattle Science Foundation and Dr. Shane Tubbs and Dr. Rod Oskouian. They’re great. We’re trying to raise aware- ness for spinal cord injury. We want to raise aware- ness that there’s actually 17,000 spinal cord injuries that happen every year. Our plan is to do, actually, the first 3D mapping of the spinal cord, so that we have a better understanding of how it works, the different in- tricacies of the brain and how it works with the spinal cord, to one day make the wheelchair a thing of the past. There’s a lot of people that need our help. But if you’re at our age now and you’re wondering, ‘Hey, I’m trying to do this, I’m trying to do that. It just We’re actually planning a trip in a couple months. seems like every door’s being closed on me. What do We’re going to Africa for ten days. We’re taking over I do?’ a number of spine surgery doctors with us. There are people there that have been in wheelchairs, there’s Dig down deep and say, ‘Why am I here? Am I going people that have been bedridden for the last year. to waste this day, or am I going to make it great? There’s kids with deformities. These guys are going Am I going to change my family’s life? Am I going to to teach the doctors new techniques of spinal cord change my kids’ life? Do I want to live here forever? research, and also help these people walk that had Do I want my kids to live this type of way?’ Or whatev- no chance or no thought of thinking about walking, er your purpose is. You find a new purpose. You can’t or holding their kids or walking or whatever with their do anything without purpose. You don’t just get in kids, or just being a father, holding his child. We’re go- the car and drive. You have somewhere you’re going. ing to change that for them, and I’m excited about the Wherever you’re going, if it’s that important to you, no opportunity. I’m excited to see where it will go. I look matter how many red lights or how many stop signs forward to making wheelchairs a thing of the past you go through, you’ll get there.” with the Seattle Science Foundation.”

Research Initative Developing the World’s First 3D Atlas Of the Spinal cord

Paralysis is on the rise and is the leading cause of As part of the Spinal Cord Injury Research Platform, disability in the United States yet, in the year 2016, both a registry and tissue bank will also be estab- most patients still have little hope of walking again. lished. These resources will allow patients afflicted Surprisingly, the very anatomical structure responsi- with diseased spinal cords to contribute to our ongo- ble for most cases of paralysis, the spinal cord, has ing efforts by donating their tissues after death and been poorly mapped. Therefore, the Seattle Science therefore provide a database accessible for continued Foundation has embarked on the production of the research. Collectively, the spinal cord atlases, regis- first detailed atlas of the human spinal cord. This try, and tissue bank will further our efforts in better multi-tiered project will analyze the human spinal understanding the human spinal cord and hopefully, cord to a degree that has never been done before. developing novel and innovative approaches to return- The goal of this ambitious project is to provide the ing the ability to walk to paralyzed patients. Scientists clinician and researcher with a survey that will allow will have access to the most comprehensive platform for highly specific views of each layer of the spinal for research and innovation related to spinal cord cord and its microcircuitry. With this in mind, the injury and disease. Importantly, physicians will have physician could imagine placing discreet electrodes a fully developed platform to allow them to test new into eloquent nuclei of the cord with a precision that technologies as they become available. would allow for stimulation of specific muscles. Such stimulation might afford a paralyzed patient the ability to move muscles below the level of their injury. Researchers would also have a better understanding Learn More Online. of the spinal cord and use the data derived from this Check-out additional project to improve patient care as well as our under- interviews and video standing of the spinal cord. animations of our Spinal Cord PHASE 1 Research Initative. The first phase of the project will address the normal SSFYouTube.org spinal cord.

PHASE 2 The second phase will analyze diseased spinal cords from patients with, for example, multiple sclerosis, stroke and ALS. This latter atlas could help clinicians and researchers better understand the microanatomy involved in pathological spinal cords. Both atlases will culminate in the production of first of their kind 3D models of the spinal cord. Research Highlights 30 Anatomy Research Fellows The Seattle Science Foundation boasts a large group of 30 anatomical and clinical fellows from partnering medical centers who together are helping change the way we move forward with our understanding of human anatomy. 150 Research Project Submissions Since June 1, 2016, our research and subsequent discoveries have resulted in 140 completed papers that are currently in review with major medical journals. Twenty of these have already been accepted or published. 10 Upcoming Books Two new books are set to be published this winter, including the “History of Anatomy: An International Perspective” which will be published on January 4, 2017. In addition, there are eight new book projects underway, including “the Lumbar Plexus: Application to Minimally Invasive Surgical Approaches to the Spine” and “Comprehensive Anatomy of the Intra-cranial Venous Sinuses.” REVIEWS Detethering of C2 for C1 screw placement New dens terminology Hangman’s fracture in pediatrics review New dens fracture classification Superior petrosal sinus 12th rib syndrome Venous drainage of the lumbar spine Ectopic arachnoid granulations C1 trabecular patterns Transforaminal ligaments of the lumbar spine Vertebrocostal ligament Clinical anatomy of dementia Iliolumbar ligament Clinical anatomy of depression Trabeculae of dens Hemivertebrae Iliolumbar vein and lateral approach Bergman’s ossicle Vertebral artery cave Inferior petrosal sinus Basivertebral foramen Lumbar ribs Lumbosacral trunk and lateral approach Split cord malformations Aberrant vertebral artery and ACDF Central canal of the spinal cord Lateral costotransverse ligament Costotransvese ligaments Retroverted dens trabecular pattern Vessels piercing cranial nerves ABCs and cervical spine: adult vs. pediatrics Cord SI screw complications Lumbosacral tunnel Innervation of the vessels of the spinal cord Sacrococcygeal plexus Ventral root ganglion cells Notochord Bifid ribs Cranial Lumbar tropism IV nerve palsies Revisiting the foramina of Luschka Nuchal ligament Relationships of carotid canal to TMJ Clincial Anatomy of top 5 pathologies in elderly Clinical Anatomy of hip fractures in the elderly Peripheral Nerve Baastrup’s disease Relationships of median and radial nerves at the elbow Meningocele manque Sciatic nerve interconnections HISTORICAL Osborne’s ligament and ulnar nerve compression Archigenes and contributions to the spine Case reports Garceau and the tethered spinal cord History of the autonomic nervous system Cerebellar hamartoma Muscatello and spina bifida Pineal gland agenesis Dalrymple and the orbit Posterior fossa dermoid and Chiari II malformation Usher Parsons Duplicated transverse process Spruziem Transumbilical shunt placement and hernia repair Pien Chiao Huge ovarian vein and the SMA syndrome da Vinci and the spine Huge arachnoid granulation and sagittal sinus defect Profound Chiari I malformation reversed with cystoperi- Spine toneal shunt Philtrum as a landmark for the odontoid process Rathke’s pouch cyst: coming and going SI joint innervation Duplicated sacrum Lateral approach and sympathetic trunk Jansen’s syndrome Relationship of ureter to XLIF Circular torcular C5 dysfunction following spine surgery Intenral omental hernia Ligaments of the craniocervical junction Odontoid pannus progression Suboccipital ICA Intriguing History of Vertebral Fusion Anomalies: The Midline cervical rib wit split cord malformation Klippel-Feil Syndrome Extension of the sagittal suture Erfanul Saker, M.D.

Chapters Twelfth Rib Syndrome Vlad Voin, M.D. Obturator nerve review Accessory nerve Historical Review of Leonardo’s Treatise in Anatomy Genitofemoral nerve review with Emphasis on the Spine Torcular anatomy Garvin Bowen Femoral nerve Ilioinguinal nerve Iliohypogastric nerve Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve Accessory obturator nerve Intervertebral disc of the lumbar vertebrae Editorial Office of the Transverse sinus Sinus pericranii journal Clinical Anatomy Straight sinus The Seattle Science Foundation is honored to house the editorial office of the journal Clinical Anatomy. This is the official journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists, the British Association of Clinical Anatomists, the Anatomical Society of Southern Africa and the Australian and New Zealand Association of Clinical Anatomy Clinical Anatomists. Research Forum SEries About the Journal The goal of Clinical Anatomy is to provide a medium Visit www.ssfyoutube.org and view our new online for the exchange of current information between anat- series of clinical anatomy research presentations. omists and clinicians. The journal embraces anatomy Topics include: in all its aspects - gross, histologic, developmental, and neurologic - as applied to medical practice. Further- Classifications of Odontoid Fractures more, the journal assists physicians in keeping abreast Rachel Graham of new methodologies for patient management and informs educators of new developments in clinical An Overview of Pediatric Hangman’s Fracture anatomy and teaching techniques. Michael Montalbano Clinical Anatomy publishes original and review articles Hemivertebrae of scientific, clinical, and educational interest. Papers Jaspreet Johal covering the application of anatomic principles to the A Circular Confluence of Sinuses solution of clinical problems and/or the application of Gabrielle Tardieu clinical observations to expand anatomic knowledge are welcomed. Hip Fractures in the Elderly Clinical Anatomy Peter Collin For more information, contact Distribution Pattern of Nerves & Arteries From Man- [email protected]. dibular Accessory Foramina Joe Iwanaga, D.D.S., Ph.D.

A Brief History of the Autonomic Nervous System Peter Oakes Featured Clinical Anatomy Research Fellows

The Seattle Science Foundation boasts a large group of anatomical and clinical fellows from partnering medical centers who together are helping change the way we move forward with our understanding of human anatomy. This collaborative research and subsequent discoveries have resulted in over 100 peer-reviewed publications per year in major medical journals as well as the publication of many clinical/surgical textbooks. For a complete list of our Clinical Anatomy Research Fellows, visit us online.

Jim Barton Joe Iwanaga, D.D.S., Ph.D. Felipe Hada Sanders, M.D. Washington and Lee Oral and Maxillofacial Brazil University Surgery, Clinical Anato- my and Dentistry Kurume University Kurume, Japan

Gavin Bowen, M.D. JASPREET JOHAL, M.D. Cameron Schmidt St. George’s University St. George’s University Seattle Science Medical School Medical School Foundation

Brittni Burgess RABIA KAHN, M.D. Gabrielle Tardieu, M.D. University of University of British St. George’s University Washington Columbia Medical School

Peter Collin Michael Montalbano, Isaiah Tubbs M.D. The Sophie Davis Reed College School of Biomedical St. George’s University Education Medical School

Marcus Cox, M.D. PETER OAKES Randle Umeh, M.D. St. George’s University Seattle Science St. George’s University Medical School Foundation Medical School

Christian Fisahn, M.D., Matthew Protas Sameera Usman, M.D. Ph.D. St. George’s University St. George’s University Orthopedic Surgeon Medical School Medical School University Hospital Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany Rachel Graham Erfanul Saker, M.D. Vlad Voin, M.D. The Sophie Davis St. George’s University St. George’s University School of Biomedical Medical School Medical School Education the SSF pages physicians, researchers, engineers, inventors, visionaries, Pioneers CRANIAL OCT 21-22 • Pathophysiology of lumbar facet mediated pain 2nd Annual Cerebro- • Differential diagnosis Upcoming • Lumbar and cervical spinal vascular & Endovascu- anatomy lar Residents and • Latest lumbar radio frequency Courses Fellows Course techniques • Indications for spinal cord A guide to our upcoming Self-Claimed Category II Credit stimulation Seattle Science Check-out the latest advances in the • Cervical and lumbar spinal cord Foundation Signature diagnosis and treatment of complex stimulation trial techniques courses. cerebrovascular disorders. The focus • Spinal cord stimulation will be on the treatment of intracra- implantation techniques for nial aneurysms and will cover both cervical and lumbar spine TRAUMA SEPT 19-20 open and endovascular techniques. Didactic sessions will be supple- SPINE DEC 3 mented with hands-on practical skills 1st Annual Pre-SIGN in the Seattle Science Foundation’s Fracture Care bioskills lab. Residents will have 1st Annual Spinal Conference the opportunity to use cutting-edge Navigation, Emerging

Self-Claimed Category II Credit Technologies &

The Pre-SIGN Fracture Care Confer- Systems Integration ence aims to provide education and AMA PRA CATEGORY 1 CREDITTM surgical training to surgeons from underserved areas that will help The 1st Annual Spinal Navigation, them effectively and safely treat trau- Emerging Technologies and Systems ma-related injuries, both orthopedic Integration Course is an advanced and neurosurgical, in the developing training course held for neurosur- world. This unique and novel course geons and orthopaedic surgeons will be led by surgeons from the who treat spinal conditions. Nation- Swedish Neuroscience Institute and ally recognized speakers will focus the University of Washington, provid- on provocative topics and in-depth ing hands-on education in treating debates regarding spinal navigation pelvic fractures, spinal fractures PAIN MGT NOV 4-5 and robotics application in spine and head trauma to 23 international surgery. They will also provide surgeons from 11 countries: Afghan- hands-on workshops in state-of-the- istan, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Haiti, Ken- 3rd Annual Interven- art lab facilities. The design is to ya, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, tional Pain Manage- gain knowledge and experience of Tanzania, Zimbabwe & Guatemala. the new modalities in spine surgery, ment Fellows Course addressing both the guidelines and controversies of the field, as well as The course will focus on surgical Self-Claimed Category II Credit attaining hands-on exposure and techniques and resource utilization This year’s Interventional Pain Man- training in the cadaver lab. in the developing world with the hope agement Fellows Course is designed of reducing the significant effects of to bring interventional pain manage- traumatic injury worldwide. NEUROLOGY 2016 ment and interventional spine fellows in training together to advance interventional procedures. Neurology Grand Rounds Series Topics will include: AMA PRA CATEGORY 1 CREDITTM • Anatomy of the vertebral body • Pedicular approach to vertebral 2nd Thursdays, Monthly augmentation 7:30 - 8:30 a.m. • Kyphoplasty via the suprapedicular Rapid advances in the field of neurol- approach ogy create a significant need for frequent high quality education from NEUROSURGERY 2016 SAVE THE DATE 2017 leaders in the field in order to regu- larly update our medical community TM Dr. John Jane Sr., AMA PRA CATEGORY 1 CREDIT FEB 10 on trends in neurologic research and 2nd Annual Innovative Appraoches to patient care. Visiting Professor Brain Tumor Management The Seattle Science Foundation Neu- Lectureship Grand AMA PRA CATEGORY 1 CREDITTM FEB 25 rology Grand Rounds Series is a reoc- Rounds Series 3rd Annual Advanced Lateral curing educational conferenceheld Approaches to the Spine for healthcare providers who treat patients with neurological disorders. 4th Thursdays, Monthly AMA PRA CATEGORY 1 CREDITTM MAR 9-11 Experts in the field will provide di- 7-8 a.m. 7th Annual Seattle Otology & Rhinology dactic lectures on up-to-date content Course Join national and international lead- regarding current and emerging inter- ers in neuroscience as they honor ventions for neurologic conditions, Self-Claimed Category II Credit MAR 24-25 Dr. John Jane Sr., Neurosugeon, focusing on identification, treatment, 8th Annual SNI Brain Anatomy Fellows Professor and Cushing Medalist, the Course highest award given by the American AMA PRA CATEGORY 1 CREDITTM APR 15 CRANIAL 2016 Association of Neurological Sur- geons. 7th Annual Multimodal Treatment of Spinal Tumors Cranial Case The Dr. John Jane Sr., Visiting Profes- TM Conference Series sor Lectureship Grand Rounds Series AMA PRA CATEGORY 1 CREDIT MAY 19-20 is designed to inform physicians 3rd Annual Spine Trauma Symposium AMA PRA CATEGORY 1 CREDITTM about current and emerging research for neurological conditions. By en- AMA PRA CATEGORY 1 CREDITTM JUN 24 2nd & 4th Wednesdays, Monthly gaging physicians and allied health 4th Annual ONE Spine Master’s Course 6:45 - 7:45 a.m. professionals on a regular basis, the series also provides attendees with AMA PRA CATEGORY 1 CREDITTM JUL 22 With the rapid advancements in the frequent updates on diagnostic and 3rd Annual Current Trends in Minimally treatment of neurological conditions, treatment options from a variety of Invasive Spine Surgery clinicians need to quickly adapt their neurological disciplines. practices. The goal of this series is AMA PRA CATEGORY 1 CREDITTM JUL 29 to create a forum for discussion and To learn more about Dr. John Jane, 2nd Annual Spinal Deformity Symposium review of the latest updates in the Sr., visit seattlescienefoundation.org/ field. New knowledge will be applied Self-Claimed Category II Credit AUG 1-4 john-jane-md. to specific cases, giving attendees Japan Lab 2017 practical information that can be Self-Claimed Category II Credit AUG 11-13 applied to their own patients. 8th Annual ONE Spine Residents & Fellows Course SPINE 2016 AMA PRA CATEGORY 1 CREDITTM SEP 8 2nd Annual State of the Art Treatment of Seattle Science Movement Disorders Foundation Spine Self-Claimed Category II Credit SEP 18-19 Conference 2nd Annual SIGN Fracture Care: Hands- On Cadaveric Course AMA PRA CATEGORY 1 CREDITTM Self-Claimed Category II Credit OCT 20-21 1st & 3rd Wednesdays, Monthly Dr. Jane documents his early research 3rd Annual Cerebrovascular & Endovas- 6:30 - 8 a.m. on auditory discrimination in cats. He cular Residents & Fellows Course details training undertaken with Dia- Join surgeons, non-surgical spine mond, Evans, Hebb, McKissock, Nulsen, Self-Claimed Category II Credit NOV 10-11 physicians, advanced practitioners, Oldberg, Penfield and Rasmussen. He 4th Annual Interventional Pain nurses, physical therapists, occupa- describes his work at University of Vir- Management Fellows Course tional therapists, and other health- ginia and the training program he has AMA PRA CATEGORY 1 CREDITTM DEC 2 care professionals as they discuss developed. pre-surgical or pre-interventional 2nd Annual Spinal Navigation, Emerging cases in an open forum. Technologies & Systems Integration Course Featured Faculty International Francisco Ponce, M.D. Juan Uribe, M.D. Nicholas Theodore, M.D. Michael Wang, M.D. Africa Richard Ombachi, M.D. Arkansas Georgia Soren Otieno, M.D. Noojan Kazemi, M.D. Daniel Barrow, M.D. Nicholas Boulis, M.D. Brazil California Jon T. Willie, M.D., Ph.D. Luiz Pimenta, M.D., Ph.D. John R. Adler Jr., M.D. Prof. Dr. Eduardo Ribas Christopher P. Ames, M.D. Illinois Prof. Dr. Guilherme Carvalhal Hyun W. Bae, M.D. Anthony Avellino, M.D. Ribas Mitchell Berger, M.D. Carter Gerard, M.D. Sigurd Berven, M.D. Wellington Hsu, M.D. Canada Helen Bronte-Stewart, M.D. Tyler Koski, M.D. Marcel Dvorak, M.D. Mario De Pinto, M.D. Kris Siemionow, M.D. Michael G. Fehlings, M.D., Ph.D. Bassem Georgy, M.D. Charles Fisher, M.D. Stephen Giannotta, M.D. INdiana Brian Kwon, M.D. Frank Hsu, M.D., PhD. Jean-Pierre Mobasser, M.D. J. Patrick Johnson, M.D. Rick C. Sasso, M.D. CHina Daniel F. Kelly, M.D. John Hsiang, M.D., Ph.D. Choll Kim, M.D., Ph.D. Maine Terrence Kim, M.D. Jeffrey Florman, M.D. France Michael T. Lawton, M.D. Jean Dubousset, M.D. Llya Lekht, M.D. Maryland Linda Liau, M.D., Ph.D. Khaled M. Kebaish, M.D., M.S. Germany Neil A. Martin, M.D. John Kostuik, M.D. Prof. Dr. Thomas Lenarz Ramana Naidu, M.D. Zachary T. Levine, M.D. Prof. Dr. Bernhard Meyer Zara Patel, M.D. Condrin Longu, M.D. Prof. Dr. Thomas Schildhauer Tiffany Perry, M.D. Charles Sansur, M.D. Nader Pouratian, M.D., Ph.D. Italy Michael Prados, M.D. Massachusetts Thomas Oberhofer, M.D. Oswald Steward, Ph.D. Brian Kwon, M.D. William Taylor, M.D. Kirkham B. Wood, M.D. Sweden Kamal Woods, M.D. Cecilia Söderberg Nauclér Kirkham Wood, M.D. Michigan Craig G. Rogers, M.D. Switzerland Connecticut Professor, Dr. Med. Alexander James Yue, M.D. Minnesota Huber David W. Polly Jr., M.D. Colorado National Adam O. Hebb, M.D Missouri Sam B. Bhayani, M.D. Arizona Flordia Paul Santiago M.D. Mark B. Dekutoski, M.D. Richard Hynes, M.D. Charles Hennemeyer, M.D. Kornelis A. Poelstra, M.D., Ph.D. join our World Leaders

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Selected Publications

Articles Bosmia, A.N., Tubbs, R.S., Hogan, E., Bohnstedt, B.N., Denardo, A.J., Loukas, M., Cohen-Gadol, A.A., 2015e. Abdolhosseinpour H, Vahedi P, Saatian M, Entezari A, Blood Supply to the human spinal cord: part II. Imag- Narimani-Zamanabadi M, Tubbs RS. Intraventricular ing and pathology. Clin Anat 28, 65–74. doi:10.1002/ schwannoma in a child. Literature review and case ca.22284. illustration. Childs Nerv Syst. 2016 Jan 6. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 26738873. Bubb, K., du Plessis, M., Hage, R., Tubbs, R.S., Loukas, M., 2015. The internal anatomy of the inferior vena cava Aggarwal, A., Kaur, H., Gupta, T., Tubbs, R.S., Sahni, D., with specific emphasis on the entrance of the renal, go- Batra, Y.K., Sondekoppam, R.V., 2015. Anatomical study nadal and lumbar veins. Surg Radiol Anat. doi:10.1007/ of the infraorbital foramen: A basis for successful infra- s00276-015-1527-3. orbital nerve block. Clin Anat 28, 753–760. doi:10.1002/ ca.22558. Butt, A.M., Gill, C., Demerdash, A., Watanabe, K., Loukas, M., Rozzelle, C.J., Tubbs, R.S., 2015a. A comprehensive Akobo, S., Rizk, E., Loukas, M., Chapman, J.R., Oskouian, review of the sub-axial ligaments of the vertebral col- R.J., Tubbs, R.S., 2015. The odontoid process: a com- umn: part I anatomy and function. Childs Nerv Syst 31, prehensive review of its anatomy, embryology, and vari- 1037–1059. doi:10.1007/s00381-015-2729-z. ations. Childs Nerv Syst 31, 2025–2034. doi:10.1007/ s00381-015-2866-4. Butt, A.M., Gill, C., Demerdash, A., Watanabe, K., Loukas, M., Rozzelle, C.J., Tubbs, R.S., 2015b. A comprehensive Aly, I., Chapman, J.R., Oskouian, R.J., Loukas, M., Tubbs, review of the sub-axial ligaments of the vertebral col- R.S., 2015. Lumbar ribs: a comprehensive review. Childs umn: part II histology and embryology. Childs Nerv Syst Nerv Syst. doi:10.1007/s00381-015-2904-2. 31, 1061–1066. doi:10.1007/s00381-015-2730-6 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25939717. Andall, R.G., Matusz, P., du Plessis, M., Ward, R., Tubbs, R.S., Loukas, M., 2015. The clinical anatomy of cystic artery variations: a review of over 9800 cases. Surg Capek, S., Tubbs, R.S., Spinner, R.J., 2015. Do cutane- Radiol Anat. doi:10.1007/s00276-015-1600-y. ous nerves cross the midline? Clin Anat 28, 96–100. doi:10.1002/ca.22427 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24976246. Bernard, S., Loukas, M., Rizk, E., Oskouian, R.J., Delas- haw, J., Shane Tubbs, R., 2015. The human occipital bone: review and update on its embryology and mo- Cesmebasi, A., Loukas, M., Hogan, E., Kralovic, S., lecular development. Childs Nerv Syst 31, 2217–2223. Tubbs, R.S., Cohen-Gadol, A.A., 2015a. The Chiari doi:10.1007/s00381-015-2870-8. malformations: a review with emphasis on anatomical traits. Clin Anat 28, 184–194. doi:10.1002/ca.22442. Bilal, M., Tubbs, R.S., 2015. Popes Convict Dead Pope Twice! The Unbelievable Cadaver Synod. Clin Anat. Cesmebasi, A., Malefant, J., Patel, S.D., Du Plessis, M., doi:10.1002/ca.22678. Renna, S., Tubbs, R.S., Loukas, M., 2015b. The surgical anatomy of the lymphatic system of the pancreas. Clin Anat 28, 527–537. doi:10.1002/ca.22461. Bosmia, A.N., Binello, E., Griessenauer, C.J., Tubbs, R.S., Shoja, M.M., 2015a. Karl Ewald Konstantin Hering (1834-1918), Heinrich Ewald Hering (1866-1948), and Cesmebasi, A., Muhleman, M.A., Hulsberg, P., Gielecki, the namesake for the Hering-Breuer reflex. Childs Nerv J., Matusz, P., Tubbs, R.S., Loukas, M., 2015c. Occipi- Syst. doi:10.1007/s00381-015-2854-8. tal neuralgia: anatomic considerations. Clin Anat 28, 101–108. doi:10.1002/ca.22468. Bosmia, A.N., Griessenauer, C.J., Tubbs, R.S., 2015b. Mumblety-Peg: a potential cause of flesh wounds Cesmebasi, A., Yadav, A., Gielecki, J., Tubbs, R.S., Lou- and ocular trauma. J Inj Violence Res 7, 91–92. kas, M., 2015d. Genitofemoral neuralgia: a review. Clin doi:10.5249/jivr.v7i2.529. Anat 28, 128–135. doi:10.1002/ca.22481.

Bosmia, A.N., Hogan, E., Loukas, M., Tubbs, R.S., Co- Chapman, J.R., 2015a. Nothing Hurts Follow-Up hen-Gadol, A.A., 2015c. Blood supply to the human like Follow-Up? Global Spine J 5, 165–166. spinal cord: part I. Anatomy and hemodynamics. Clin doi:10.1055/s-0035-1549437. Anat 28, 52–64. doi:10.1002/ca.22281. Chapman, J.R., 2015b. Scientific Pride Bosmia, A.N., Tubbs, R.S., Griessenauer, C.J., Haddad, V., or Prejudice. Global Spine J 5, 453–454. 2015d. Ritualistic envenomation by bullet ants among doi:10.1055/s-0035-1566229. the Sateré-Mawé Indians in the Brazilian Amazon. Wilderness Environ Med 26, 271–273. doi:10.1016/j. Chotai, P.N., Loukas, M., Tubbs, R.S., 2015. Unusual wem.2014.09.003. origin of the levator scapulae muscle from mastoid process. Surg Radiol Anat 37, 1277–1281. doi:10.1007/ s00276-015-1508-6. Cobbs, C., 2015. Reply to: Towards an unbiased, col- Foreman, P.M., Harrigan, M.R., Griessenauer, C.J., Lou- laborative effort to reach evidence about the presence kas, M., Tubbs, R.S., 2015b. Access to the carotid artery of human cytomegalovirus in glioblastoma (and other bifurcation: Cadaveric study with application to naso- tumors). Neuro-oncology 17, 1040. doi:10.1093/neu- tracheal intubation as a technique to improve access to onc/nov077. a high carotid artery bifurcation. Br J Neurosurg 1–3. do i:10.3109/02688697.2015.1071331. Cobbs, C., 2014. Response to “Human cytomegalovirus infection in tumor cells of the nervous system is not de- Fouke, S.J., Benzinger, T., Gibson, D., Ryken, T.C., tectable with standardized pathologico-virological diag- Kalkanis, S.N., Olson, J.J., 2015. The role of imaging nostics.” Neuro-oncology 16, 1435–1436. doi:10.1093/ in the management of adults with diffuse low grade neuonc/nou295. glioma : A systematic review and evidence-based clinical practice guideline. J. Neurooncol. 125, 457–479. CumhurOner, F., Jacobs, W.C.H., Lehr, A.M., Sadiqi, S., doi:10.1007/s11060-015-1908-9. Post, M.W., Aarabi, B., Chapman, J.R., Dvorak, M.F., Fehlings, M.G., Kandziora, F., Rajasekaran, S., Vaccaro, Ghani, S., Vilensky, J., Turner, B., Tubbs, R.S., Loukas, M., A.R., 2015. Towards the Development of a Universal 2015. Meta-analysis of vagus nerve stimulation treat- Outcome Instrument for Spine Trauma - A Systematic ment for epilepsy: correlation between device setting Review and Content Comparison of Outcome Measures parameters and acute response. Childs Nerv Syst. used in Spine Trauma Research Using the ICF as Refer- doi:10.1007/s00381-015-2921-1. ence. Spine. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000001207. Goodrich, D.J., Patel, D., Loukas, M., Tubbs, R.S., Oakes, Delashaw, J.B., Kelkar, P.S., Manhas, A.S., 2015. Com- W.J., 2015. Symptomatic retethering of the spinal cord mentary on: “Spinal Myeloid Sarcoma ‘Chloroma’ Pre- in postoperative lipomyelomeningocele patients: a senting as Cervical Radiculopathy: Case Report.” Global meta-analysis. Childs Nerv Syst. doi:10.1007/s00381- Spine J 5, 247. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1549441. 015-2839-7.

Demerdash, A., Singh, R., Loukas, M., Tubbs, R.S., 2015. Griessenauer, C.J., Raborn, J., Foreman, P., Shoja, M.M., A historical glimpse into treating childhood hydrocepha- Loukas, M., Tubbs, R.S., 2015a. Venous drainage of the lus. Childs Nerv Syst. doi:10.1007/s00381-015-2652-3. spine and spinal cord: a comprehensive review of its history, embryology, anatomy, physiology, and patholo- Desai, S., Patel, V.J., Lall, R.R., Branch, D., Patel, A.P., gy. Clin Anat 28, 75–87. doi:10.1002/ca.22354. Allison, R.Z., Paulson, D., Ortega-Barnett, J.R., 2015. Comparing Radiation Dose from Conventional Fluoros- Griessenauer, C.J., Salam, S., Hendrix, P., Patel, D.M., copy to Intraoperative Cone Beam CT (O-arm) during Tubbs, R.S., Blount, J.P., Winkler, P.A., 2015b. Hemi- Percutaneous Lesioning Procedures of the Gasserian spherectomy for treatment of refractory epilepsy in the Ganglion. Cureus 7, e345. doi:10.7759/cureus.345. pediatric age group: a systematic review. J Neurosurg Pediatr 15, 34–44. doi:10.3171/2014.10.PEDS14155. DiLorenzo, D., Moisi, M.D., Page, J., Oskouian, R.J., 2015. Comparison of the Clinical Outcome and Biomechanical Griessenauer, C.J., Yalcin, B., Matusz, P., Loukas, M., Kul- Segmental Stability of Bilateral Laminotomy versus win, C.G., Tubbs, R.S., Gadol, A.A.C., 2015c. Analysis of Bilateral Facet-Sparing Laminectomy in the Treatment the tortuosity of the internal carotid artery in the cavern- of Spinal Stenosis. Global Spine Journal. ous sinus. Childs Nerv Syst 31, 941–944. doi:10.1007/ s00381-015-2674-x. du Plessis, M., Ramai, D., Shah, S., Holland, J.D., Tubbs, R.S., Loukas, M., 2015. The clinical anatomy of the mus- Haffner, M.J., Oakes, P., Demerdash, A., Yammine, K.C., culotendinous part of the diaphragm. Surg Radiol Anat Watanabe, K., Loukas, M., Tubbs, R.S., 2015. Formal- 37, 1013–1020. doi:10.1007/s00276-015-1481-0. dehyde exposure and its effects during pregnancy: Recommendations for laboratory attendance based Fiallos, E., Judkins, J., Matlaf, L., Prichard, M., Dittmer, on available data. Clin Anat 28, 972–979. doi:10.1002/ D., Cobbs, C., Soroceanu, L., 2014. Human cytomega- ca.22623. lovirus gene expression in long-term infected glioma stem cells. PLoS ONE 9, e116178. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0116178.

Fontana, E.J., Benzinger, T., Cobbs, C., Henson, J., Fouke, S.J., 2014. The evolving role of neurological imaging in neuro-oncology. J. Neurooncol. 119, 491–502. doi:10.1007/s11060-014-1505-3.

Foreman, P.M., Chua, M., Harrigan, M.R., Fisher, W.S., Tubbs, R.S., Shoja, M.M., Griessenauer, C.J., 2015a. Anti- fibrinolytic therapy in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemor- rhage increases the risk for deep venous thrombosis: A case-control study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 139, 66–69. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2015.09.005. Hayat, M., Hill, M., Kelly, D., Tubbs, R.S., Loukas, M., Kimball, D., Kimball, H., Tubbs, R.S., Loukas, M., 2015b. 2015. A very unusual complication of amniocentesis. Variant middle meningeal artery origin from the ophthal- Clin Case Rep 3, 345–348. doi:10.1002/ccr3.105. mic artery: a case report. Surg Radiol Anat 37, 105–108. doi:10.1007/s00276-014-1272-z. Huang, M., Barber, S.M., Moisi, M., Powell, S., Rivera, A., Zwillman, M., Rose, J., 2015. Cervical Epidural Hemato- Kim, J.-E., Hsieh, M.-H., Shum, P.C., Tubbs, R.S., Alli- ma after Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation Therapy in son, D.B., 2015. Risk and injury severity of obese child a Patient with an Undiagnosed Cervical Spinal Arte- passengers in motor vehicle crashes. Obesity (Silver riovenous Malformation. Cureus 7, e307. doi:10.7759/ Spring) 23, 644–652. doi:10.1002/oby.21018. cureus.307. King-Stephens, D., Mirro, E., Weber, P.B., Laxer, K.D., Hussein, N.S., Moisi, M.D., Keogh, B.P., McCullough, B., Van Ness, P.C., Salanova, V., Spencer, D.C., Heck, C.N., Rostad, S., Newell, D., Gwinn, R.P., Foltz, G., Mayberg, Goldman, A., Jobst, B., Shields, D.C., Bergey, G.K., M.R., Aguedan, B., Good, V., Fouke, S.J., n.d. Dynamic Eisenschenk, S., Worrell, G.A., Rossi, M.A., Gross, R.E., Susceptibility Contrast and Dynamic Contrast En- Cole, A.J., Sperling, M.R., Nair, D.R., Gwinn, R.P., Park, hanced MR Imaging Characteristics Distinguish Micro- Y.D., Rutecki, P.A., Fountain, N.B., Wharen, R.E., Hirsch, cystic Meningiomas from Traditional Grade I Meningio- L.J., Miller, I.O., Barkley, G.L., Edwards, J.C., Geller, E.B., mas and High Grade Gliomas. Journal of Neurosurgery Berg, M.J., Sadler, T.L., Sun, F.T., Morrell, M.J., 2015. Submitted. In reivision. Lateralization of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with chronic ambulatory electrocorticography. Epilepsia 56, Ivashchuk, G., Loukas, M., Blount, J.P., Tubbs, R.S., 959–967. doi:10.1111/epi.13010. Oakes, W.J., 2015. Chiari III malformation: a comprehensive review of this enigmatic anomaly. Childs Nerv Syst Lam, A.M., 2014. Plagiarism by any other name 31, 2035–2040. doi:10.1007/s00381-015-2853-9. (author)? Anesth. Analg. 119, 749. doi:10.1213/ ANE.0000000000000271. Joseph, S.C., D’Antoni, A.V., Tubbs, R.S., Gielecki, J., Loukas, M., 2015. Woven Coronary Arteries: A detailed Lam, A.M., Kianpour, D., 2015. Monitoring for carotid review. Clin Anat. doi:10.1002/ca.22657. endarterectomy: more or less? Anesth. Analg. 120, 1186–1188. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000000734. Kimball, D., Kimball, H., Matusz, P., Tubbs, R.S., Loukas, M., Cohen-Gadol, A.A., 2015a. Ossification of the Pos- Lin, B., Lee, H., Yoon, J.-G., Madan, A., Wayner, E., terior Petroclinoid Dural Fold: A Cadaveric Study with Tonning, S., Hothi, P., Schroeder, B., Ulasov, I., Foltz, G., Neurosurgical Significance. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base Hood, L., Cobbs, C., 2015. Global analysis of H3K4me3 76, 272–277. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1396598. and H3K27me3 profiles in glioblastoma stem cells and identification of SLC17A7 as a bivalent tumor suppres- sor gene. Oncotarget 6, 5369–5381. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.3030.

Liu, S., Lafage, R., Smith, J.S., Protopsaltis, T.S., Laf- age, V.C., Challier, V., Shaffrey, C.I., Radcliff, K., Arnold, P.M., Chapman, J.R., Schwab, F.J., Massicotte, E.M., Yoon, S.T., Fehlings, M.G., Ames, C.P., 2015a. Impact of dynamic alignment, motion, and center of rotation on myelopathy grade and regional disability in cervical spondylotic myelopathy. J Neurosurg Spine 23, 690– 700. doi:10.3171/2015.2.SPINE14414.

Liu, S., Tetreault, L., Fehlings, M.G., Challier, V., Smith, J.S., Shaffrey, C.I., Arnold, P.M., Scheer, J.K., Chapman, J.R., Kopjar, B., Protopsaltis, T.S., Lafage, V., Schwab, F., Massicotte, E.M., Yoon, S.T., Ames, C.P., 2015b. Novel Method Using Baseline Normalization and Area Under the Curve to Evaluate Differences in Outcome Between Treatment Groups and Application to Patients With Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Undergoing Anteri- or Versus Posterior Surgery. Spine 40, E1299–1304. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000001152.

Loh, Y., Newell, D., 2015. Mixed pial-dural fistula development after ventricular shunting. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 86, 698–699. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2014-307775.

Loukas, M., Aly, I., Tubbs, R.S., Anderson, R.H., 2015a. The naming game: A discrepancy among the medical community. Clin Anat. doi:10.1002/ca.22666. Loukas, M., Andall, R.G., Khan, A.Z., Patel, K., Mure- Moisi, M.D., Page, J., Gahramanov, S., Oskouian, R.J., sian, H., Spicer, D.E., Tubbs, R.S., 2015. The clinical 2015. Bullet Fragment of the Lumbar Spine: The Deci- anatomy of high take-off coronary arteries. Clin Anat. sion Is More Important Than the Incision. Global Spine doi:10.1002/ca.22664. J 5, 523–526. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1566231.

Loukas, M., Du Plessis, M., Louis, R.G., Tubbs, R.S., Moisi, M.D., Page, J., Oskouian, R.J., 2014. Commentary Wartmann, C.T., Apaydin, N., 2016. The subdiaphragmat- on: “Lumbar Intervertebral Discal Cyst: A Rare Cause ic part of the phrenic nerve - morphometry and con- of Low Back Pain and Radiculopathy. Case Report and nections to autonomic ganglia. Clin Anat 29, 120–128. Review of the Current Evidences on Diagnosis and doi:10.1002/ca.22652. Management.” Evid Based Spine Care J 5, 149–150. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1387803. Loukas, M., Germain, A.S., Gabriel, A., John, A., Tubbs, R.S., Spicer, D., 2015b. Coronary artery fistula: a review. Moisi, M., Page, J., Paulson, D., Oskouian, R.J., 2015. Cardiovasc. Pathol. 24, 141–148. doi:10.1016/j.car- Technical Note - Lateral Approach to the Lumbar Spine path.2014.01.010. for the Removal of Interbody Cages. Cureus 7, e268. doi:10.7759/cureus.268. Loukas, M., Joseph, S., Etienne, D., Linganna, S., Hallner, B., Tubbs, R.S., 2015c. Topography and landmarks for Monteith, S., 2015. Commentary on: “Vertebral Artery the nerve supply to the levator ani and its relevance Injury during Routine Posterior Cervical Exposure: Case to pelvic floor pathologies. Clin Anat. doi:10.1002/ Reports and Review of Literature.” Global Spine J 5, ca.22668. 533–534. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1566292.

Marasa, L., Tubbs, I., Loukas, M., Tubbs, R.S., 2015. Neu- Mortazavi, M.M., Harmon, O.A., Adeeb, N., Deep, A., rosurgical contributions of Samuel D. Gross. Acta Med Tubbs, R.S., 2015a. Treatment of spinal cord injury: a Hist Adriat 13, 105–112. review of engineering using neural and mesenchymal stem cells. Clin Anat 28, 37–44. doi:10.1002/ca.22443. Matusz, P., Miclăuş, G.D., Banciu, C.D., Sas, I., Joseph, S.C., Pirtea, L.C., Tubbs, R.S., Loukas, M., 2015a. Con- Mortazavi, M.M., Rizq, F., Harmon, O., Adeeb, N., Gorjian, genital solitary kidney with multiple renal arteries: M., Hose, N., Modammadirad, E., Taghavi, P., Rocque, case report using MDCT angiography. Rom J Morphol B.G., Tubbs, R.S., 2015b. Anatomical variations and neu- Embryol 56, 823–826. rosurgical significance of Liliequist’s membrane. Childs Nerv Syst 31, 15–28. doi:10.1007/s00381-014-2590-5. Matusz, P., Miclăuş, G.D., Gabriel, A., Catereniuc, I., Olariu, S., Tubbs, R.S., Loukas, M., 2015b. Single ectopic Mortazavi, M.M., Verma, K., Harmon, O.A., Griessenauer, thoracic renal artery associated with a normal kidney C.J., Adeeb, N., Theodore, N., Tubbs, R.S., 2015c. The mi- position and renal artery stenosis: a case report and re- croanatomy of spinal cord injury: a review. Clin Anat 28, view of literature. Rom J Morphol Embryol 56, 557–562. 27–36. doi:10.1002/ca.22432.

Miller-Delaney, S.F.C., Bryan, K., Das, S., McKiernan, R.C., Norvell, D.C., Dettori, J.R., Chapman, J.R., 2015a. Bray, I.M., Reynolds, J.P., Gwinn, R., Stallings, R.L., Hen- Success in Spine Care: The Proof Is in the Mea- shall, D.C., 2015. Differential DNA methylation profiles surements, Part I. Global Spine J 5, 167–168. of coding and non-coding genes define hippocampal doi:10.1055/s-0035-1549438. sclerosis in human temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain 138, 616–631. doi:10.1093/brain/awu373. Norvell, D.C., Dettori, J.R., Chapman, J.R., 2015b. Success in Spine Care: The Proof Is in the Mea- Moisi, M.D., Cruz, A., Benkers, T., Rostad, S., Broyles, F., surements, Part II. Global Spine J 5, 455–456. Yuen, K.C.J., Mayberg, M.R., n.d. Treatment of Ag- doi:10.1055/s-0035-1566228. gressive Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas with Adjuvant Temozolomide Chemotherapy. Case Reports Oner, F.C., Sadiqi, S., Lehr, A.M., Dvorak, M.F., Aarabi, B., in Endocrinology Submitted. Chapman, J.R., Fehlings, M.G., Kandziora, F., Rajase- karan, S., Vaccaro, A.R., 2015. Towards the development Moisi, M.D., Cruz, A., Page, J., Tubbs, R.S., Paulson, of an outcome instrument for spinal trauma: an inter- D., Zwillman, M., Oskouian, R.J., Lam, A.M., Newell, D., national survey of spinal surgeons. Spine 40, E91–96. n.d. Venous Air Embolus during Prone Cervical Spine doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000000684. Fusion: A Case Report and Literature Review. JNS Spine Submitted. Oskouian, R.J., Chapman, J.R., 2015. Cervicothoracic Spine Fractures. AOSpine 57–75. Moisi, M.D., Huang, M., Zwillman, M., Volpi, J.J., Diaz, O., Klucznic, R., n.d. Transient ischemic attack in the set- Page, J., Moisi, M.D., Oskouian, R.J., n.d. Hematoma ting of carotid atheromatous disease with a persistent after an Epidural Injection: Should we reconsider Risks primitive hypoglossal artery successfully treated with versus Benefits. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medi- stenting: A case report. Cureus Submitted. cine Accepted.