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Coleoptera: Passalidae) ÁCAROS DE LA FAMILIA DIARTHROPHALLIDAE (ACARI: MESOSTIGMATA) ASOCIADOS A Odontotaenius zodiacus (COLEOPTERA: PASSALIDAE) Pilar Liliana Barrios-Torres1 y Gabriel A. Villegas-Guzmán2. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Prolongación del Carpio, esquina con Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, México, D. F. C. P. 11340. [email protected], [email protected] RESUMEN. En un total de 44 ejemplares de Odontotaenius zodiacus, recolectados en tres estados: Hidalgo, Veracruz y Puebla, México, se encontraron 110 ácaros pertenecientes a la familia Diarthrophallidae. Se hallaron adultos (96%) y estadios ninfales (4%) de 12 especies pertenecientes a cuatro géneros: Abrotarsala, Diathrophallus, Tenuiplanta y Lombardiniella. Las especies más abundantes son Abrotarsala simplex (25.4%), Abrotarsala pyriformis (19.1%) y Diarthrophallus quercus (15.4%). La ubicación de los ácaros en los pasálidos fue bajo los élitros y en las coxas principalmente. Las especies Abrotarsala arciformis, Diarthrophallus aurosus, D. crinatus, D. fulvastrum y Tenuiplanta crossi son registros nuevos para los tres estados, mientras que las especies: Diarthrophallus cartwrighti, Lombardiniella bornemisszai, Abrotarsala cuneiformis, A. obesa y A. pyriformis son reportadas por primera vez para México. Palabras clave: Odontotaenius zodiacus, foresia, Diarthrophallidae, nuevos registros. Mites of the family Diarthrophallidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) associated with Odontotaenius zodiacus (Coleoptera: Passalidae) ABSTRACT. In a total of 44 specimens of pasalid Odontontaenius zodiacus collected in three states: Hidalgo, Veracuz and Puebla, Mexico, 110 mites of the family Diarthrophalidae were found; 96% were adults and nymphs (4%) of 12 species belonged to four genera: Abrotarsala, Diathrophallus, Tenuiplanta y Lombardiniella. The Most abundant species are: Abrotarsala simplex (25.45%) y Abrotarsala pyriformis (19.1%) y Diarthrophallus quercus (15.4%). The location of the mites of the pasalid body is under elytra and on the coxae. The mites Abrotarsala arciformis, Diarthrophallus aurosus, D. crinatus, D. fulvastrum y Tenuiplanta crossi are new record for the three states, while that species: Diarthrophallus cartwrighti, Lombardiniella bornemisszai, Abrotarsala cuneiformis, A. obesa y A. pyriformis are reported for the first time in Mexico. Key words: Odontotaenius zodiacus, phoresy, Diarthrophallidae, new records. Introducción Los pasálidos, son coleópteros que desarrollan todo su ciclo de vida dentro de troncos en descomposición, donde el organismo encuentra refugio, alimento (saproxilófagos) y un microambiente estable (Reyes-Castillo, 2004; Amat et al., 2004). En la etapa adulta solo salen para dispersarse y reproducirse, después realizan complicadas galerías en los troncos para el desarrollo de sus crías (Cruz y Castillo, 2008). Estos coleópteros se distribuyen principalmente en las zonas tropicales y templado-húmedas. La especie Odontotaenius zodiacus habita en lugares húmedos, su distribución está restringida a México y Centroamérica. Consume tanto la albura como el duramen de los troncos caídos, ayudando así a la descomposición de material vegetal (Castillo y Reyes-Castillo, 1997). En México, la especie se distribuye a lo largo de la provincia de la Sierra Madre Oriental, comprendiendo los estados de Coahuila, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Nuevo León, el este de Zacatecas y el norte de Veracruz (Morrone, 2005); además de los estados de Guerrero, Hidalgo, Puebla y Tlaxcala (Muñoz-Hernández, et al., 2008). Las relaciones simbióticas entre los organismos son comunes, en el caso de los pasálidos estos pueden asociarse con diferentes organismos como son cucarachas, hongos, pseudoescorpiones y ácaros, de estos últimos se han encontrado registros con los tres grandes grupos: Mesostigmata, Prostigmata y Astigmata (Binns, 1981). Hunter (1993), menciona que se 188 conocen más de 200 especies de ácaros asociados a los pasálidos, distribuidas en 68 géneros de 21 familias de los subórdenes Mesostigmata, Prostigmata, Astigmata y Oribatida.Una de las simbiosis que generalmente se presentan entre ácaros y pasálidos es la foresia, la cual consiste en el transporte del foronte, generalmente de menor tamaño, el cual se fija a un organismo más grande (huésped) (Binns, 1981; Hunter, 1993). Los insectos como el pasálido O. zodiacus son comúnmente invadidos por forontes como lo son los ácaros. Los ácaros de la familia Diarthrophallidae están asociados exclusivamente con los pasálidos, desarrollando todo su ciclo de vida en el huésped (Cómbita- Heredia, 2004); se han encontrado en los surcos antenales y coxales, así como debajo de los élitros de pasálidos adultos (Hunter, 1993). En el Continente Americano se reportan un total de 22 géneros de diartrofálidos en asociación con pasálidos, correspondientes a 63 especies (Hallan, 2005). En México, se conocen 11 especies reportados en asociación con diferentes especies de pasálidos (Cuadro 1) (Schuster y Summers, 1978), los cuales se han registrado en los estados de Chiapas, Hidalgo, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz y Yucatán (Hoffmann y López-Campos, 2000). El objetivo de esta trabajo es dar a conocer la diversidad de ácaros diartrofálidos en asociación con un huésped que no ha sido estudiado como lo es Odontotaenius zodiacus. Cuadro 1. Listado de ácaros asociados a pasálidos en México (modificada de Schuster y Summers, 1978). Ácaros Pasálido huésped Tenuiplanta polypora S y S Passalus punctiguer St. Fargeau y Serville Tenuiplanta crossi (Hunter y Glover) Passalus guatemalae Gravely Tenuiplanta crossi (Hunter y Glover) Vindex agnoscendus (Percheron) Diarthrophallus fulvastrum S y S V. agnoscendus (Percheron) Atrema nasica S y S V. agnoscendus (Percheron) Abrotarsala firundule S y S Undulifer incisus (Truqui) Atrema nasica S y S Pseudacanthus discipiens Kuwert Abrotarsala arciformis S y S Pseudacanthus junctistriatus Kuwert Abrotarsala rimatoris S y S Oileus rimator Truqui Abrotarsala simplex S y S Oileus heros Truqui Abrotarsala inconstans S y S Ogyges championi (Bates) Diarthrophallus aurosus S y S Odontotaenius striatopunctatus (Percheron) Atrema colaptes S y S Sin determinar Materiales y Método Se examinaron los ácaros encontrados en ejemplares de Odontotaenius zodiacus, depositados en la Colección Entomológica del INECOL de Xalapa que fueron recolectados en dos estados: Hidalgo (13 marzo, 27 mayo 1978; 12 octubre 1979 y 12 octubre 1981) y Puebla (14 octubre 1979). Así como en pasálidos de la Colección Nacional de Ácaros (CNAC) del Instituto de Biología de la UNAM, procedentes de recolectas en los estados de Hidalgo (28 abril, 22 y 23 septiembre 2006) y Veracruz (23 y 30 septiembre 2006; 23 marzo 2007). Las localidades de recolecta en el estado de Hidalgo se realizaron en los sitios: 2 km carretera Federal Crucero-T (20°40.413’ N, 98°40.255’ O), 2,080 m m; 2 km Mojonera-T pá , Z pá (20°38.107’ N, 98°35.981’ O), 2,019 m m; 2 km E A h á (20°08.500’ N, 98°10.740’ O), 2,214 msnm; Ejido Atepixco, Zacualtipán (20°35.466’ N, 98°36.358’ O), 1,972 m m. E P b : 4 km H h , estación de Pemex, Santa Catarina, Municipio de Puebla de Zaragoza, 1,860 msnm. Y en el 189 estado de Veracruz: 1.5 km N Viborillas, H (20°31.245’ N, 98°29.293’ O), 2,328 m m; S A mp (18°44.712’ N, 97°40.967’ O), 2,125 m m T (19°38.508’ N, 96°59.650’ O), 1,876 m m. Cada uno de los pasálidos fue capturado en troncos en descomposición y se colocaron individualmente en viales con alcohol etílico al 80%. Los pasálidos fueron revisados con ayuda de un microscopio estereoscópico y con pinzas de puntas finas. Los ácaros de las diferentes partes del cuerpo fueron retirados y procesados con lacto-fenol para aclararlos por 24 a 72 horas y montados con líquido de Hoyer entre porta y cubreobjetos para su posterior determinación a nivel específico. Los ácaros están depositados en la en la Colección de Ácaros del Laboratorio de Acarología “D . I b ” E N C ó Instituto Politécnico Nacional y en la Colección Nacional de Ácaros del Instituto de Biología, UNAM. Resultados y Discusión Se revisaron un total de 63 ejemplares de Odototaenius zodiacus, en 44 de ellos se encontraron 110 ácaros de la familia Diarthrophallidae los cuales provienen de los estados de Veracruz (10%), Puebla (4.54%) e Hidalgo (85.46%). Los ácaros adultos se encuentran mejor representados en las muestras con un 57% de incidencia los machos (63 ejemplares), las hembras representan el 39% (43 ejemplares) y los estadios inmaduros se encuentran solo en un 4% (Fig. 1A). Cuatro de las hembras revisadas portaban huevos fecundados, lo que es probable que utilicen la foresia para facilitar el establecimiento de una nueva población en otro sitio como menciona Hunter (1993). En el presente trabajo se reportan cuatro géneros, lo que representa un 18.18% de los registros conocidos. Dentro de la familia, los géneros más abundantes son: Abrotarsala en un 66% (73 ejemplares) y Diarthrophallus con el 32% (35 ejemplares). En menor medida se encontraron los géneros Lombardiniella y Tenuiplanta con un 1% cada uno (Fig. 1 B). 4 Diarthrophallidae Géneros 1 1 Abrotarsala 43 Hembras 35 Diarthrophallus 63 Machos 73 Lombardiniella Immaduros Tenuiplanta A B Figura 1. A) Proporción de ácaros machos, hembras e inmaduros encontrados sobre pasálidos de la especie O. zodiacus. B) Proporción de los géneros de ácaros encontrados. Se hallaron 12 especies de ácaros sobre O. zodiacus, está es la mayor diversidad registrada en comparación con otras especies de pasálidos: Odontotaenius disjunctus (11 especies) (Pearse, et al., 1936) y para Passalus cognatus (con ocho especies) reportados por Villegas-Guzmán, et al. (2008). Las especie más abundantes fue Abrotarsala simplex (Schuster y Summers) y Diarthrophallus quercus (Pearse et al.) (Cuadro 2). Dentro del género Abrotarsala, 190 las especies encontradas en asociación forética con O. zodiacus coinciden con las registradas anteriormente por Schuster y Summers (1978) en otras especies de pasálidos. La especie Abrotarsala arciformis (Schuster y Summers), se ha registrado en asociación al pasálido Pseudacanthus junctistriatus del estado de Chiapas y en ejemplares del género Oileus, Hoffman y López-Campos la reportan además en el D. F. A. cuneiformis (Schuster y Summers), A.
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