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Mineralogical Magazine, October 2010, Vol. 74(5), pp. 919–927

Alunite supergroup: recommended nomenclature

1, 2 3,{ 4 P. BAYLISS *, U. KOLITSCH ,E.H.NICKEL AND A. PRING 1 Mineralogy Department, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia 2 Mineralogisch-Petrographische Abteilung, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Burgring 7, A-1010 Wien, Austria 3 Exploration and Mining, CSIRO, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia 4 Mineralogy, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia [Received 30 August 2010; Accepted 27 October 2010]

ABSTRACT Minamiite has been discredited and renamed natroalunite-2c to show a double unit-cell structure and natroalunite can be designated as natroalunite-1c to show a single unit-cell structure. Kintoreite can be designated as kintoreite-1c to show the same single unit-cell structure, and IMA 1993-039 is a new superstructure of kintoreite and can be designated as kintoreite-2c to show a double unit-cell structure. Beaverite has been renamed beaverite-(Cu). The Zn-bearing beaverite of Sato et al. (2008) has been named ‘‘beaverite-(Zn)’’, but data for the mineralhave not been approved by the CNMNC. Orpheite has been discredited as P-rich hinsdalite. Proposal 07-D was approved by the CNMNC.

KEYWORDS: nomenclature, , natroalunite, kintoreite, beaverite, orpheite, minamiite

Introduction the oxidation zone of polymetallic sulphide species within the alunite supergroup deposits. Phosphate of the alunite have the generalchemicalformulae of supergroup are mostly formed by weathering of DG3(TX4)2X’6 using the symbolism proposed by phosphate minerals such as or rocks such Smith et al. (1998), where D is a tetravalent, as carbonatites. Extensive reviews of the occur- trivalent, divalent, monovalent cation or partial rences are given by Dutrizac and Jambor (2000) vacancy; G is a trivalent cation and minor and Stoffregen et al. (2000). divalent cations; T is a hexavalent, pentavalent The parent structure-type has R3¯m cation and minor Si4+; and X/X’ is O, (OH), minor (no. 166) with very few reported exceptions, all in F and possibly H2O as shown in Table 1. They need of independent confirmation. The crystal have been identified and described over the last structure and crystalchemistry of the alunite two centuries. They are listed in Table 2. Mineral supergroup have recently been reviewed and species named after the locality, where the discussed by Botinelly (1976), Kashkay (1976), mineralwas first discovered includebeaverite, Lengauer et al. (1994), Kolitsch and Pring (2001), , hinsdalite, kemmlitzite, , and Sato et al. (2009) and Stoffregen et al. (2000), all weilerite. Mineral species have been named after of whom focused on sulphates. Unusual structures persons including F.S. Beudant, A.E. Minami, have been reported by Grey et al. (2008, 2009) L.F. Svanberg and C.D. Woodhouse; orpheite was and Mills et al. (2008). The nomenclature has named after a mythicalsinger. been discussed by Scott (1987), Nova´k et al. Sulphate and arsenate minerals of the alunite (1994), Jambor (1995, 1996, 1999, 2000) and supergroup are mostly formed by weathering in Scott (2000). Difficulties with nomenclature of the alunite supergroup are as follows: * E-mail: [email protected] (1) The main problem concerning the classi- { deceased 18 July 2009 fication is how to dealwith the presence of DOI: 10.1180/minmag.2010.074.5.919 divalent and trivalent anionic TX4 units in the

# 2010 The Mineralogical Society P. BAYLISS ET AL.

TABLE 1. Chemicalelementsand vacancies that may occur in the D, G, T and X crystal-structure sites of mineralspecies in the alunitesupergroup, DG3(TX4)2X’6 are listed in order of decreasing valency.

D: Th; Ce, La, Nd, Bi; Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, Hg; Na, K, Rb, Ag, Tl, NH4,H3O; &. G:Sn4+;Al,Fe3+,V3+,Cr3+, Ga; Cu2+,Zn2+, Mg. T:S,Cr+6; P, As, Sb; Si. X: O; (OH), F; (H2O).

one crystalstructure site: shouldthe end- defined on the basis of one divalent and one members be defined on the basis of only one trivalent anionic TX4 unit to maintain electro- type of anionic TX4 unit, or could some end- static balance? members (particularly those in the phosphate- Each ternary diagram of SO4-AsX4-PX4 in the sulphate and arsenate-sulphate groups) be current CNMMN-approved classification of Scott

TABLE 2. Minerals of the alunite supergroup with theoretical end-member chemical formulae given. The last column shows the approved status of these minerals on the basis of this report. Group nomenclature based on Mills et al. (2009), but with -1c (single unit cell) and -2c (double unit cell) structures are separated for clarity.

Alunite group with -1c: Schlossmacherite (H3O)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 Retained Alunite KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 Retained Natroalunite-1c NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 Retained Ammonioalunite (NH4)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 Retained 2+ Osarizawaite Pb(Al2Cu )(SO4)2(OH)6 Retained Argentojarosite AgFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 Retained Hydroniumjarosite (H3O)Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6 Retained KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 Retained Natrojarosite NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 Retained Ammoniojarosite (NH4)Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6 Retained

2+ Beaverite-(Cu) Pb(Fe2Cu )(SO4)2(OH)6 Renamed ‘‘Beaverite-(Zn)’’ Pb(Fe2Zn)(SO4)2(OH)6 Potentially new* Dorallcharite TlFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 Retained

Plumbogummite group with -1c: Gorceixite BaAl3(PO3.5(OH)0.5)2(OH)6 Retained Waylandite BiAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 Retained CaAl3(PO3.5(OH)0.5)2(OH)6 Retained Florencite-(Ce) CeAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 Retained Florencite-(La) LaAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 Retained

Florencite-(Nd) NdAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 Retained PbAl3(PO3.5(OH)0.5)2(OH)6 Retained Goyazite SrAl3(PO3.5(OH)0.5)2(OH)6 Retained Eylettersite Th0.75Al3(PO4)2(OH)6 Retained Zaı¨rite BiFe3(PO4)2(OH)6 Retained

Benauite SrFe3(PO3.5(OH)0.5)2(OH)6 Retained Kintoreite-1c PbFe3(PO3.5(OH)0.5)2(OH)6 Retained Springcreekite BaV3(PO3.5(OH)0.5)2(OH)6 Retained

920 ALUNITE SUPERGROUP: RECOMMENDED NOMENCLATURE

(1987) incorporates five composition fields with made by the CNMMN.’’ Recently, the 50% rule some divisions at 25% and 75%. Nova´k et al. has been renamed the dominant-constituent rule (1994) suggested six compositionalfields.The (Hatert and Burke, 2008) and has been extended unapproved classification of Jambor (1999) based by a dominant-valency rule for certain groups of upon the 50% rule (Nickel, 1992) has three minerals. Therefore, the five composition fields of composition fields. Scott (2000) suggested that Scott (1987) remain the approved nomenclature the currently approved system is more informa- of the CNMNC. The ternary system has thus been tive about the substitutions occurring in the rejected for the alunite supergroup. The accepted minerals of the alunite supergroup and that it scheme has the advantages that the end-members should be retained despite the slightly greater have their own names and it does not proliferate number of mineralnames. In reply, Jambor names unduly in the supergroup. (2000) responded that the classification should (2) In order to maintain electrostatic balance, a be consistent with the CNMMN rules and that coupled substitution of the chemical elements as ‘‘Regardless of the different opinions, it is listed in Table 1 may occur within and between suggested that some decisions will have to be the D, G, T and X crystal-structure sites.

Table 2 (contd.) Dussertite group with 1c: Arsenogorceixite BaAl3(AsO3.5(OH)0.5)2(OH)6 Retained ‘‘Arsenowaylandite’’ BiAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 Questionable Arsenocrandallite CaAl3(AsO3.5(OH)0.5)2(OH)6 Retained Arsenoflorencite-(Ce) CeAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 Retained Arsenoflorencite-(La) LaAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 New

‘‘Arsenoflorencite-(Nd)’’ NdAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 Questionable Philipsbornite PbAl3(AsO3.5(OH)0.5)2(OH)6 Retained Arsenogoyazite SrAl3(AsO3.5(OH)0.5)2(OH)6 Retained Dussertite BaFe3(AsO3.5(OH)0.5)2(OH)6 Retained Graulichite-(Ce) CeFe3(AsO4)2(OH)6 Retained PbFe3(AsO3.5(OH)0.5)2(OH)6 Retained

Beudantite group with 1c: CaAl3(P0.5S0.5O4)2(OH)6 Retained Hinsdalite PbAl3(P0.5S0.5O4)2(OH)6 Retained Orpheite PbAl3(P0.5S0.5O4)2(OH)6 Discredited SrAl3(P0.5S0.5O4)2(OH)6 Retained Corkite PbFe3(P0.5S0.5O4)2(OH)6 Retained

Weilerite BaAl3(As0.5S0.5O4)2(OH)6 Retained PbAl3(As0.5S0.5O4)2(OH)6 Retained Kemmlitzite SrAl3(As0.5S0.5O4)2(OH)6 Retained PbFe3(As0.5S0.5O4)2(OH)6 Retained Gallobeudantite PbGa3(As0.5S0.5O4)(SO4)(OH)6 Retained

Alunite group with -2c: Plumbojarosite Pb0.5Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6 Retained Walthierite Ba0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 Retained Huangite Ca0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 Retained Natroalunite-2c NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 Renamed

Plumbogummite group with -2c: Kintoreite-2c PbFe3(PO3.5H0.5)2(OH)6 New

* Subject to approvalby the CNMNC.

921 P. BAYLISS ET AL.

Chemical varieties should use the chemical- that they may order within the T crystalstructure element adjectival modifier as defined by site at a low temperature of formation. For Bayliss et al. (2005). instance, the (AsO4) and (SO4) anionic units are (3) The space group of alunite R3¯m (no. 166) reported to be ordered in gallobeudantite, R3m has only one D, one G and one T crystalsite with (no. 160), with R = 7.8% (Jambor et al., 1996). multiplicites of 3, 9 and 6 respectively. The This R factor is high compared to disordered As space group aspect R** (nos. 166, 160, 155) and S in beudantite, R3¯m (no. 166), with R = indicates that a crystalstructure analysisis 2.6% (Giuseppetti and Tadini, 1989) and R = needed to check if As and S-P are ordered 3.7% (Szymanski, 1988), and the assignment to within the T crystal-structure site. If such the lower space-group symmetry lacks convin- ordering occurs then an intermediate end- cing evidence. Therefore, when no crystal- member chemicalcomposition in the series is structure refinement is available, the anions are established so that a mineral species name is assumed to be disordered within the T crystal- warranted. Space-group R3¯m (no. 166) indicates structure site. that As-S-P are disordered over the T crystal The crystal structures of crandallite (Blount, structure site, whereas assignment to the lower 1974) and gorceixite (Dzikowski et al., 2006) space-group symmetry of R3m (no. 160) indicate that the extra H to maintain electrostatic indicates the T crystalstructure site is divided balance partially occupies the X site in TX4. The into two so that As and S-P are ordered. G crystal-structure sites in osarizawaite are As P and S are next to each other in the occupied by (Al2Cu). The crystalstructure periodic table with similar atomic radii and described by Giuseppetti and Tadini (1980) weights, they are very unlikely to order within showed that Aland Cu are disordered. The the T crystalstructure site. The crystalstructure crystal-structure sites in beaverite are occupied of woodhouseite reported by Kato (1977) and the by (Fe2Cu). In synthetic plumbojarosite– crystalstructure of svanbergite described by Kato beaverite, Jambor and Dutrizac (1985) found and Miu´ra (1977) showed that the P and S are that Cu2+ substitutes for Fe3+ over the range of disordered. Giuseppetti and Tadini (1987) Cu:Fe = 0:100 to Cu:Fe = 33:100. The crystal 3À 2À reported ordering of PO4 and SO4 in corkite structure described by Breidenstein et al. (1992) and refined the structure in the non-centrosym- showed that Fe and Cu are disordered. metric space group R3m (no. 160). The latter (4) Structuralvariants have the same root result has been questioned (Szymanski, 1988; name with a hyphenated suffix that specifies the Kharisun et al., 1997; Kolitsch et al., 1999). In number and direction of the unit cells. The fact, the given anisotropic displacement factors crystalstructure may be one rhombohedralunit for P and S (Giuseppetti and Tadini, 1987) cell with symbol À1c (a & 7A˚ and c & 17 A˚ )or suggest that P has the shape of a very flat disk two rhombohedral unit cells with symbol -2c (a while the S ellipsoid is twice as long as it is wide. & 7A˚ and c & 34 A˚ , e.g. plumbojarosite with Application of the significance test of Hamilton an ordered arrangement of Pb atoms and (1965) demonstrates: 309 independent reflections vacancies on the D site along the c axis). A with 89 variables (12 atoms69 parameters À 21 complete list of lattice parameters is published in fixed parameters + scale + secondary extinction) the Mineral Powder Diffraction File (Bayliss et refined to 3.6% from 3.7% with 49 variables al., 2001). (7 atoms69 parameters À 16 fixed parameters + (5) Weilerite of Walenta (1966) was discre- scale + secondary extinction). R = 3.7/3.6 = 1.03; dited by the CNMMN (Hey 1967; Nickeland R40,220,0.5 =1.08withmÀn=89À49, b = Mandarino 1987) and then reinstated by Scott 309À89. Therefore, the hypothesis of a lower (1987). Both major sulphate and arsenate are symmetry is rejected. A crystal-structure determi- present in weilerite, but the AsO4:SO4 ratio has nation of corkite from Dernbach has P and S not been determined. Kemmlitzite of Hak et al. disordered in R3¯m (no. 166) with R = 2.4% (1969) is REE-P-rich. The chemicalanalysisof (Kolitsch, unpublished results). Crystal-structure the type specimen of kemmlitzite does not plot in refinements of severalother corkites from the area for kemmlitzite. Re-examination of the different localities all confirm the space group holotype specimen by Nova´k et al. (1994) R3¯m (no. 166). showed that kemmlitzite is zoned and inhomo- On the other hand, the As and S-P pair have geneous. Beudantite was described by Le´vy significant atomic radii and weight differences so (1826). The chemicalanalysis quoted by

922 TABLE 3. Discredited, obsolete and other unapproved mineral names in the alunite supergroup. Mineral names are based on Bayliss (2000); however, numerous additions and amendments have been made. almeriita = natroalunite-1c Karphosiderit = hydroniumjarosite -de-Rome, alumen de Tolpa = alunite kauaiite = fine-grained Na-rich alunite alumian, alumianite = natroalunite-1c K-jarosite = jarosite aluminian lusungite = kintoreite koivinite = florencite aluminilite, alumite, Aluminit (Doelter), alum rock, Kolosorukit = Fe3+-poor jarosite alumstone, alun de Rome, = alunite jarosite = plumbojarosite alunte = alunite Lemnian earth = -10 A˚ Ô alunite ammonium alunite = ammonioalunite leucanterite = jarosite? antunezite = jarosite lime-wavellite = crandallite apate´lite = hydroniumjarosite loevigite, loewigite, Lo¨wigit, lowigite = alunite Arsenobismit = preisingerite + atelestite + segnitite or Lossenit = scorodite + beudantite beudantite lusungite = goyazite arsenoflorencite-(Nd). Questionable; inadequate data metalunite = dehydrated alunite arsenowaylandite. Questionable; inadequate data minamiite, minamite = natroalunite-2c bariohitchcockite, barium-hamlinite = gorceixite Modumit (Weisbach) = natrojarosite beaverite = beaverite-(Cu) moronolite (Shepard) = jarosite beaudantite = beudantite newtonite (Brackett and Williams) = alunite Ô bieirosite, bleirosite = corkite Na-alunite = natroalunite-1c Bischofit (Fischer) = plumbogummite NH4-alunite = ammonioalunite borgstromite, borgstroemite , Borgstro¨mit = jarosite orpheite = P-rich hinsdalite boromanite, bowmanite, bowmannite = goyazite osazrizawaite = osarizawaite calafatita = alunite Pastrerit = jarosite calciowavellite, calcowavellite = crandallite Phosphor-Beudantit = corkite calcium-jarosite = Ca-rich hydroniumjarosite Plagiocitrit = Na-rich alunite camposite = gorceixite planoferrite = hydroniumjarosite candallite = crandallite plomb gomme = plumbogummite carphosiderite = hydroniumjarosite plumboalunite = hypothetical Pb0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 cherokine = plumbogummite plumbo-argentojarosite = Ag-rich plumbojarosite Ô ciprusita = natrojarosite argentojarosite cymolite = alunite + halloysite-7 A˚ plumboresinite = plumbogummite cyprusite = natrojarosite plumbosvanbergite = Pb-rich svanbergite davisonite, dennisonite = crandallite + CO2-rich alunite = alunite hydroxylapatite pseudo-apate´lite = Al-rich hydroniumjarosite deltaite = crandallite + hydroxylapatite Pseudobeudantit = corkite dernbachite = corkite pseudowavellite, Pseudowavellit = crandallite edgarite (Morris) = osarizawaite Raimondit = hydroniumjarosite erusibite = jarosite? sausalite = florencite-(Nd) ferrazite = gorceixite Schadeit = colloidal plumbogummite ferrian-hidalgoit = Fe3+-rich hidalgoite selenojarocˇite = Se-rich jarosite ferroalunite = Fe3+-rich alunite siprusiet = hydroniumjarosite florensite = florencite-(Ce) soda-alunite, alunite = natroalunite-1c galafatite = alunite sodium-jarosite = natrojarosite Ge-beudantite = Ge-rich beudantite soda-killinite = alunite + jadeite + halloysite-10 A˚ + georceixite, geraesite, gorceite, gorceixcita, gosseixite = goreixite sokolovite = goyazite goiaı´ta, goiasite, goyasita, goyzaite = goyazite steipelmannite = florencite-(Ce) gum lead = plumbogummite stibiaferrrite = bindheimite + jarosite hamlinite = goyazite strontiohicheockite , strontiohitchcockite = goyazite Harttit = Ca-rich svanbergite sulfatfreier Beudantit = segnitite hinsdaleite = hinsdalite sulphate-free weilerite = arsenogorceixite hitchcockite = plumbogummite Th-crandallite = Th-rich crandallite hydronatrojarosite = natrojarosite tikhvinite = svanbergite hydroniojarosite = hydroniumjarosite timso´ko¨ = alunite ignafieffite, ignatieffite, ignatievite, Ignatiewit = alunite? trudelite, trudellite = chloraluminite + natroalunite-1c kalicus = jarosite (Arzruni & Damour) = natrojarosite Kalkwavellit = crandallite vegasite = plumbojarosite kalialuminite, kalialunite, kalioalunite, K-alunite = vise´ite = Si-bearing crandallite alunite woodhousite = woodhouseite P. BAYLISS ET AL.

Doelter (1914) from a chemical analysis reported because of inadequate data. The mineraland in 1850 is unsatisfactory due to excess Fe and the mineralname are questionableuntilproperly authenticity of the specimen is questionable. proposed and approved by the CNMNC. Cotterell and Todhunter (2007) suggest that Arsenoflorencite-(La) was noted by Scharm et orpheite is a variety of hinsdalite. al. (1991) to exist only as compositional zones (6) The classification used in Table 2 is taken and rims within complex zoned crystals. The from Mills et al. (2009). The alternative mineral existing data were inadequate to establish the classifications are the crystallographic-chemical mineralto species leveland Scharm et al. (1991) classification used in the Powder Diffraction File did not submit the mineralto the CNMNC for (Bayliss et al., 2001), chemical-crystallographic approval before publication. Subsequently, classification of Strunz and Nickel (2001), and the arsenoflorencite-(La) has been approved (IMA chemical classification of Clark (1993). 2009-078) and published (Mills et al., 2010). ‘‘Arsenoflorencite-(Nd)’’ was also noted by Scharm et al. (1991) as only compositional Recommended nomenclature zones and rims within complex zoned crystals. Minamiite of Ossaka et al. (1982) is discredited The existing data were inadequate to establish the and renamed natroalunite-2c, as the mineralis a mineralto species leveland Scharm et al. (1991) double unit-cell structure that may be caused by did not submit the mineralto the CNMNC for ordering in the D crystallographic site with a approvalbefore publication.The mineraland similar chemical composition to natroalunite, mineralname are questionableuntilproperly which has historicalpriority. Natroalunitecan be proposed and approved by the CNMNC. designated as natroalunite-1c to show a single Orpheite of Kolkovski (1971) has been unit-cell structure. Rather than À2cR of Jambor discredited and should be called P-rich hinsdalite (1999), À2c was chosen because À2c indicates a (Larsen and Schaller, 1911), which has historical double c axis unit-cell like baumhauerite-2a with priority. Originally, orpheite was not considered a double a axis, whereas the symbol R may be to belong to the alunite supergroup because the confused with a polytype nomenclature. chemical analysis did not fit the alunite structure; The unnamed rhombohedralmineral however, the powder diffraction pattern was Pb0.90Fe2.91(PO4)1.91(SO4)0.09(OH,H2O)5.92, from indexed on a 1c unit cell in PDF 29-765 by the Scho¨ne Aussicht Mine, Dernbach, Rhineland- Bayliss (1989) to prove that orpheite belongs to Palatinate, Germany, which was withdrawn as a the alunite supergroup. A chemical-analytical and new mineraldue to the similarity with single- refinement of type kintoreite-1c (IMA 1993-039), and recorded in orpheite confirmed that orpheite is identicalto a table 7 of Jambor (1999), is called kintoreite-2c, P-rich hinsdalite (Mladenova and Kolitsch, as the mineral is a double unit-cell structure unpublished data). caused by ordering in the D crystallographic site Discredited, obsolete and other unapproved with a similar chemical composition to that of mineralnames in the alunite supergroup are kintoreite-1c of Pring et al. (1995). Kintoreite can listed in Table 3. Mineral names are based on be designated as kintoreite-1c to show a single Bayliss (2000); however, numerous additions and unit-cell structure. amendments have been made. The Zn-bearing beaverite Pb(Fe2 Zn) (SO )(OH) of Sato et al. (2008) with Fe and 4 6 Acknowledgements Zn disordered requires a mineral-species name based on the dominant-constituent rule. This The authors acknowledge the helpful assistance of mineralhas been given the name William Birch, past secretary of the Commission ‘‘beaverite-(Zn)’’; however, the mineraldata on New Minerals, Nomenclature and have not been submitted and approved by the Classification of the International Mineralogical CNMNC. In order to be consistent, beaverite Association, in establishing the present working (Butler and Schaller, 1911) is renamed beaverite- group on nomenclature. We appreciate the (Cu). The advantages of the chemical-element constructive comments on both the originaland suffix nomenclature were stated by Bayliss revised 07-D proposalby members of the (2007). Commission. ‘‘Arsenowaylandite’’ was not submitted to the CNMMN for approvalby Scharm et al. (1994)

924 ALUNITE SUPERGROUP: RECOMMENDED NOMENCLATURE

References hedralsite disordering and scattered Pb distribution. Neues Jahrbuch fu¨r Mineralogie Monatshefte, 1989, Bayliss, P. (1989) Orpheite. Powder Diffraction File, 27À33. 29-765. Grey, I.E., Mumme, W.G., Bordet, P. and Mills, S.J. Bayliss, P. (2000) Glossary of Obsolete Mineral Names. (2008) A new crystalchemicalvariation of the Mineralogical Record, Tucson, , USA. alunite-type structure in monoclinic PbZn Fe Bayliss, P. (2007) Cesium kupletskite renamed kuplets- 0.5 3 (AsO ) (OH) . The Canadian Mineralogist, 46, kite-(Cs). Mineralogical Magazine 71, 365À367. 4 2 6 1355À1364. Bayliss, P., Kaesz, H.D. and Nickel, E.H. (2005) The use Grey, I.E., Mumme, W.G., Mills, S.J., Birch, W.D. and of chemical-element adjectival modifiers in mineral Wilson, N.C. (2009) The crystal chemical role of Zn nomenclature. The Canadian Mineralogist, 43, in alunite-type minerals: structure refinements for 1429À1433. Bayliss, P., Bernstein, L.R., McDonald, A.M., Roberts, kintoreite and zincian kintoreite. American A.C, Sabina, A.P. and Smith, D.K. (2001) Mineral Mineralogist, 94, 676À683. Powder Diffraction File. ICDD, Newtown Square, Hak, J., Johan, Z., Kvacek, M. and Liebscher, W. (1969) Pennsylvania , USA. Kemmlitzite, a new mineral of the woodhouseite Blount, A. (1974) The crystal structure of crandallite. group. Neues Jahrbuch fu¨r Mineralogie Monatshefte, American Mineralogist, 59,41À47. 1969, 201À212. Botinelly, T. (1976) A review of the minerals of the Hamilton, W.C. (1965) Significance tests on the alunite-jarosite, beudantite, and plumbogummite crystallographic R factor. Acta Crystallographica, groups. Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological 18, 502À510. Survey, 4, 213À216. Hatert, F. and Burke, E.A.J. (2008) The IMA-CNMNC Breidenstein, B., Schlu¨ter, J. and Gebhard, G. (1992) On dominant-constituent rule revisited and extended. beaverite: new occurrence, chemicaldata and crystal The Canadian Mineralogist, 46, 717À728. structure. Neues Jahrbuch fu¨r Mineralogie Hey, M. (1967) InternationalMineralogicalAssociation: Monatshefte, 1992, 213À220. Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. Butler, R.S. and Schaller, W.T. (1911) Beaverite. Mineralogical Magazine, 36, 131À136. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 1, Jambor, J.L. (1995) Alunite-jarosite. American 26. American Journal of Science, series 4, 32, 418. Mineralogist, 80, 633À634. [Dana 7th edition, II, 568 (1951)]. Jambor, J.L. (1996) Arsenogorceixite. American Clark, A.M. (1993) Hey’s Mineral Index. Chapman & Mineralogist, 81, 249. Hall, London. Jambor, J.L. (1999) Nomenclature of the alunite Cotterell, T.F. and Todhunter, P.K. (2007) Corkite and supergroup. The Canadian Mineralogist, 37, hinsdalite from Frongoch Mine, Devil’s Bridge, 1323À1341. Ceredigion, Wales, including evidence to suggest Jambor, J.L. (2000) Nomenclature of the alunite that orpheite is a variety of hinsdalite. Journal of the supergroup: reply. The Canadian Mineralogist, 38, Russell Society, 10,57À64. 1298À1303. Doelter, C. (1914) Beudantit (Blei-Ferri-Sulfophosphat). Jambor, J.L. and Dutrizac, J.E. (1985) The synthesis of Handbuch der Mineralchemie, III.1, 588À590. beaverite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 23,47À51. Dutrizac, J.E. and Jambor, J.L. (2000) Jarosites and their Jambor, J.L., Owens, D.R., Grice, J.D. and Feinglos, application in hydrometallurgy. Reviews in M.N. (1996) Gallobeudantite, PbGa3[(AsO4), Mineralogy & Geochemistry, 40, 405À452. (SO4)]2(OH)6, a new mineralspecies from , Dzikowski, T.J., Groat, L.A. and Jambor, J.L. (2006) Namibia and associated new gallium analogues of The symmetry and crystalstructure of gorceixite, the alunite-jarosite family. The Canadian BaAl3[PO3(O,OH)]2(OH)6, a member of the alunite Mineralogist, 34, 1305À1315. supergroup. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44, Kashkay, Ch.M. (1976) Crystallochemical and thermo- 951À958. dynamic aspects of the relationships among minerals Giuseppetti, G. and Tadini, C. (1980) The crystal of the alunite group and their structural analogues. structure of osarizawaite. Neues Jahrbuch fu¨r Geokhimiya, Mineralogiya i Petrologiya, 5,84À92 Mineralogie Monatshefte, 1980, 401À407. (in Russian). Giuseppetti, G. and Tadini, C. (1987) Corkite, Kato, T. (1977) Further refinement of the woodhouseite PbFe3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)6, its crystalstructure and structure. Neues Jahrbuch fu¨r Mineralogie ordered arrangement of the tetrahedralcations. Monatshefte, 1977,54À58. Neues Jahrbuch fu¨r Mineralogie Monatshefte, Kato, T. and Miu´ra, Y. (1977) The crystalstructures of 1987,71À81. jarosite and svanbergite. Mineralogical Journal Giuseppetti, G. and Tadini, C. (1989) Beudantite: (Japan), 8, 419À430. PbFe3(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)6, its crystalstructure, tetra- Kharisun, Taylor, M.R., Bevan, D.J.M. and Pring, A.

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(1997) The crystalstructure of kintoreite, Ossaka, J., Hirabayashi, J.-I., Okada, K., Kobayashi, R. PbFe3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)6. Mineralogical Magazine, and Hayashi, T. (1982) Crystalstructure of 61, 123À129. minamiite, a new mineralof the alunitegroup. Kolitsch, U. and Pring, A. (2001) Crystal chemistry of American Mineralogist, 67, 114À119. the crandallite, beudantite and alunite groups: a Pring, A., Birch, W.D., Dawe, J., Taylor, M., Deliens, review and evaluation of the suitability as storage M. and Walenta, K. (1995) Kintoreite, materials for toxic metals. Journal of Mineralogical PbFe3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)6, a new mineralof the and Petrological Sciences, 96,67À78. jarosite-alunite family, and lusungite discredited. Kolitsch, U., Tiekink, E.R.T., Slade, P.G., Taylor, M.R. Mineralogical Magazine, 59, 143À148. and Pring, A. (1999) Hinsdalite and plumbogum- Sato, E., Nakai, I., Terada, Y., Tsutsumi, Y., Yokoyama, mite, their atomic arrangements and disordered lead K., Miyawaki, R., and Matsubara, S. (2008) Study of sites. European Journal Mineralogy, 11, 513À520. Zn-bearing beaverite Pb(Fe2Zn)(SO4)2(OH)6 ob- Kolkovski, B. (1971) Orpheite, a new mineral from the tained from Mikawa mine, Niigata Prefecture, Madjarovo deposit, eastern Rhodopes Mountain, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Bulgaria. Annuales Universita Sofia, Faculty Sciences, 103, 141À144. Geologie Geographia, 64,107À130. [American Sato, E., Nakai, I., Miyawaki, R. and Matsubara, S. Mineralogist, 61, 176 (1976)]. (2009) Crystal structures of alunite family minerals: Larsen Jr., E.S. and Schaller, W.T. (1911) Hinsdalite. beaverite, corkite, alunite, natroalunite, jarosite, Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 1, svanbergite, and woodhouseite. Neues Jahrbuch fu¨r 25. American Journal Science, series 4, 32, 251. Mineralogie Abhandlungen, 185, 313À322. [Dana 7th edition, II, 1004 (1951)]. Scharm, B., Scharmova´, M., Sulovsky, P. and Ku¨hn, P. Lengauer, C.L., Giester, G. and Irran, E. (1994) (1991) Philipsbornite, arsenoflorencite-(La), and KCr3(SO4)2(OH)6: synthesis, characterization, pow- arsenoflorencite-(Nd) from the uranium district in der diffraction data, and structure refinement by the northern Bohemia, Czechoslovakia. Casopis pro Rietveld technique and a compilation of alunite-type Mineralogii a Geologii, 36, 103À113. [American compounds. Powder Diffraction, 9, 265À271. Mineralogist, 78, 672 (1993)]. Le´vy, A. (1826) Beudantite. Annals of Philosophy, 11, Scharm, B., Scharmova´, M. and Kundra´t, M. (1994) 194. [Dana 7th edition, II, 1001, (1951)]. Crandallite group minerals in the uranium district of Mills, S.J., Grey, I.E., Mumme, W.G., Miyawaki, R., northern Bohemia (Czech Republic). Vesnı´k Ceske´ho Matsubara,S.,Border,P.,Birch,W.D.and geol. stavu, 69(1),79À85. [American Mineralogist, Raudsepp, M. (2008) Kolitschite, Pb[Zn0.5,&0.5] 80, 184 (1995)]. Fe3(AsO4)2(OH)6, a new mineralfrom the Kintore Scott, K.M. (1987) Solid solution in, and classification opencut, Broken Hill, New South Wales. Australian of, -derived members of the alunite-jarosite Journal of Mineralogy, 14,63À67. family, northwest Queensland, Australia. American Mills, S.J., Hatert, F., Nickel, E.H. and Ferraris, G. Mineralogist, 72, 178À187. (2009) The standardisation of mineralgroup Scott, K.M. (2000) Nomenclature of the alunite super- hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature group: discussion. The Canadian Mineralogist, 38, proposals. European Journal of Mineralogy, 21, 1295À1297. 1073À1080. Smith, D.K., Roberts, A.C., Bayliss, P. and Liebau, F. Mills,S.J.,Kartashov,P.M.,Kampf,A.R.and (1998) A systematic approach to generaland Raudsepp, M. (2010) Arsenoflorencite-(La), a new structure-type formulas for minerals and other mineralfrom the Komi Republic,Russian inorganic phases. American Mineralogist, 83, Federation: description and crystalstructure. 126À132. European Journal of Mineralogy, 22, 613À621. Stoffregen, R.E., Alpers, C.N. and Jambor, J.L. (2000) Nickel, E.H. (1992) Solid solutions in mineral Alunite-jarosite crystallography, thermodynamics, nomenclature. The Canadian Mineralogist, 30, and geochronology. Pp. 453À479 in: Reviews in 231À234. Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 40,The Nickel, E.H. and Mandarino, J. (1987) Procedures Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals D.C. and the GeochemicalSociety, St Louis, and MineralNames and guidelineson mineral Missouri, USA. nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 72, Strunz, H. and Nickel, E.H. (2001) Strunz Mineralogical 1031À1042. Tables. E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuch- Nova´k, F., Jansa, J. and Prachar, I. (1994) Classification handlung, Stuttgart. and nomenclature of alunite-jarosite and related Szymanski, J. (1988) The crystalstructure of beudantite, mineralgroups. Vestnı´k Ceske´ho geol. stava, 69, Pb(Fe,Al)3[(As,S)O4]2(OH)6. The Canadian 51À57. Mineralogist, 26, 923À932.

926 ALUNITE SUPERGROUP: RECOMMENDED NOMENCLATURE

Walenta, K. (1966) Beitra¨ge zur Kentniss seltener Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilung, 11, Arsenatmineralien unter besonderer Beru¨cksichtung 121À164. von Vorkommen des Schwarzwaldes. Tschermaks

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