Targeting Mixtures of Jarosite and Clay Minerals for Mars Exploration
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JAROSITE in ANCIENT TERRESTRIAL ROCKS: IMPLICATIONS for UNDERSTANDING MARS DIAGENESIS and HABITABILITY. S.L. Potter-Mcintyre1 and T.M
Lunar and Planetary Science XLVIII (2017) 1237.pdf JAROSITE IN ANCIENT TERRESTRIAL ROCKS: IMPLICATIONS FOR UNDERSTANDING MARS DIAGENESIS AND HABITABILITY. S.L. Potter-McIntyre1 and T.M. McCollom2, 1Southern Illinois University, Geology Department, Parkinson Lab Mailcode 4324, Carbondale, IL, 62901, [email protected], 2LASP, CU Boulder, 1234 Innovation Drive, Boulder, CO 80303. Introduction: Sulfate minerals of the alunite- jarosite family have been identified in stratified depos- its at numerous locations across Mars, including two of the rover landing sites [e.g., 1,2,3, 4]. Because these minerals typically precipitate from aqueous solutions and are stable only under acidic conditions, there has been considerable interest in studying their occurrence in martian settings as indicators of depositional and diagenetic conditions on early Mars [e.g., 3]. Many terrestrial occurrences of jarosite and alunite that have been proposed as analogs for these minerals have no clear relevance to the geologic setting where they occur on Mars. In southern Utah, however, Jurassic sand- stones at Mollies Nipple (MN) contain jarosite and alunite cements whose characteristics may be very sim- ilar to the stratified deposits on Mars. In addition, pre- vious studies have indicated these deposits to be spec- trally similar to many of the martian deposits [5,6]. Although the rocks at MN are early to middle Ju- rassic, the diagenetic history that resulted in the precip- itation of the jarosite and alunite cements is not under- stood. The results of the investigation will be used to gain insights into the origin and persistence of mineral from the alunite-jarosite family in martian settings. -
Review 1 Sb5+ and Sb3+ Substitution in Segnitite
1 Review 1 2 3 Sb5+ and Sb3+ substitution in segnitite: a new sink for As and Sb in the environment and 4 implications for acid mine drainage 5 6 Stuart J. Mills1, Barbara Etschmann2, Anthony R. Kampf3, Glenn Poirier4 & Matthew 7 Newville5 8 1Geosciences, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia 9 2Mineralogy, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000 Australia + School of 10 Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace 5005, Australia 11 3Mineral Sciences Department, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 12 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007, U.S.A. 13 4Mineral Sciences Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, 14 Ontario, Canada, K1P 6P4 15 5Center for Advanced Radiation Studies, University of Chicago, Building 434A, Argonne 16 National Laboratory, Argonne. IL 60439, U.S.A. 17 *E-mail: [email protected] 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Abstract 28 A sample of Sb-rich segnitite from the Black Pine mine, Montana, USA has been studied by 29 microprobe analyses, single crystal X-ray diffraction, μ-EXAFS and XANES spectroscopy. 30 Linear combination fitting of the spectroscopic data provided Sb5+:Sb3+ = 85(2):15(2), where 31 Sb5+ is in octahedral coordination substituting for Fe3+ and Sb3+ is in tetrahedral coordination 32 substituting for As5+. Based upon this Sb5+:Sb3+ ratio, the microprobe analyses yielded the 33 empirical formula 3+ 5+ 2+ 5+ 3+ 6+ 34 Pb1.02H1.02(Fe 2.36Sb 0.41Cu 0.27)Σ3.04(As 1.78Sb 0.07S 0.02)Σ1.88O8(OH)6.00. -
UV-Shielding Properties of Fe (Jarosite) Vs. Ca (Gypsum) Sulphates
Astrobiological significance of minerals on Mars surface environment: UV-shielding properties of Fe (jarosite) vs. Ca (gypsum) sulphates Gabriel Amaral1, Jesus Martinez-Frias2, Luis Vázquez2,3 1 Departamento de Química Física I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Tel: 34-91-394-4305/4321, Fax: 34-91-394-4135, e-mail: [email protected] 2 Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain, Tel: 34-91-520-6418, Fax: 34-91-520-1621, e-mail: [email protected] 3 Departamento de Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Informática, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Tel: +34-91-3947612, Fax: +34- 91-3947510, e-mail: [email protected] &RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU Jesús Martinez-Frias ([email protected]) 1 $EVWUDFW The recent discovery of liquid water-related sulphates on Mars is of great astrobiological interest. UV radiation experiments, using natural Ca and Fe sulphates (gypsum, jarosite), coming from two selected areas of SE Spain (Jaroso Hydrothermal System and the Sorbas evaporitic basin), were performed using a Xe Lamp with an integrated output from 220 nm to 500 nm of 1.2 Wm-2. The results obtained demonstrate a large difference in the UV protection capabilities of both minerals and also confirm that the mineralogical composition of the Martian regolith is a crucial shielding factor. Whereas gypsum showed a much higher transmission percentage, jarosite samples, with a thickness of only 500 µm, prevented transmission. This result is extremely important for the search for life on Mars as: a) jarosite typically occurs on Earth as alteration crusts and patinas, and b) a very thin crust of jarosite on the surface of Mars would be sufficient to shield microorganisms from UV radiation. -
Mobilisation of Arsenic, Selenium and Uranium from Carboniferous Black Shales in West Ireland T ⁎ Joseph G.T
Applied Geochemistry 109 (2019) 104401 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Applied Geochemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apgeochem Mobilisation of arsenic, selenium and uranium from Carboniferous black shales in west Ireland T ⁎ Joseph G.T. Armstronga, , John Parnella, Liam A. Bullocka,b, Adrian J. Boycec, Magali Perezd, Jörg Feldmannd a School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK b Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK c Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Rankine Avenue, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride, Glasgow, G75 0QF, UK d Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, School of Natural and Computing Science, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Editorial handling by Prof. M. Kersten The fixation and accumulation of critical elements in the near surface environment is an important factor in Keywords: understanding elemental cycling through the crust, both for exploration of new resources and environmental Black shale management strategies. Carbonaceous black shales are commonly rich in trace elements relative to global crustal Carboniferous averages, many of which have potential environmental impacts depending on their speciation and mobility at Regolith surface. This trace element mobility can be investigated by studying the secondary mineralisation (regolith) Secondary mineralisation associated with black shales at surface. In this study, Carboniferous shales on the west coast of Ireland are found Oxidation to have higher than average shale concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Co, Mo, Ni, Se, Te and U, similar to the laterally Jarosite equivalent Bowland Shales, UK. -
Figure 2. (A) Jarosite- and Alunite/Kaolinite-Cemented Sandstones Near the Top of Mollies Nipple
Fourth Conference on Early Mars 2017 (LPI Contrib. No. 2014) 3009.pdf JAROSITE AND ALUNITE CEMENTS IN JURRASIC SANDSTONES OF UTAH AND NEVADA, A POTENTIAL ANALOG FOR STRATIFIED SULFATE DEPOSITS ON EARLY MARS. T. M. McCollom1 and S. L. Potter-McIntyre2, 1LASP, University of Colorado, Boulder ([email protected]), 2Department of Geology, Southern Illinois University. Introduction: Sulfate minerals of the alunite- jarosite family have been identified in stratified depos- its at numerous locations across Mars, including two of the rover landing sites [e.g., 1-4]. Because these min- erals precipitate from acidic aqueous solutions, there has been considerable interest in studying their occur- rence in martian settings as indicators of depositional and diagenetic conditions on early Mars. In many martian deposits, the occurrence on minerals from the alunite-jarosite family within stratified formations sug- gests that the minerals may have been deposited during emplacement of the strata as sediments, or during dia- Figure 1. Overview of Mollies Nipple. Red line genetic alteration of the strata. However, occurrences delineates the approximate base of caprocks cement- of jarosite and alunite in sedimentary settings have ed by jarosite or alunite plus kaolinite. Jarosite- and received only limited study as martian analogs, with alunite-bearing float rocks eroded from the caprock most attention focused on weathering of sulfide miner- cover much of the lower slopes of the butte. White als or volcanic hydrothermal environments [e.g., 5-7]. exposed areas are bleached Navajo Sandstone. In southern Utah, Jurassic sandstones at Mollies Geologic setting: Mollies Nipple is a prominent Nipple (MN) contain abundant jarosite and alunite butte located in southern Utah that rises ~200 m above cements [8,9] whose depositional characteristics and the surrounding landscape (Fig. -
Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Some Natural Jarosites
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- Published Research US Geological Survey 2010 Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Some Natural Jarosites George A. Desborough U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25046, M.S. 973, Denver, CO 80225-0046, USA Kathleen S. Smith U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25046, M.S. 964D, Denver, CO 80225-0046 , USA Heather A. Lowers U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25046, M.S. 973, Denver, CO 80225-0046, USA Gregg A. Swayze U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25046, M.S. 964D, Denver, CO 80225-0046 , USA Jane M. Hammarstrom U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Mail Stop 954, Reston, VA 20192, USA See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Desborough, George A.; Smith, Kathleen S.; Lowers, Heather A.; Swayze, Gregg A.; Hammarstrom, Jane M.; Diehl, Sharon F.; Leinz, Reinhard W.; and Driscoll, Rhonda L., "Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Some Natural Jarosites" (2010). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 332. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/332 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- Published Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors George A. Desborough, Kathleen S. Smith, Heather A. Lowers, Gregg A. Swayze, Jane M. Hammarstrom, Sharon F. Diehl, Reinhard W. Leinz, and Rhonda L. Driscoll This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ usgsstaffpub/332 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 74 (2010) 1041–1056 www.elsevier.com/locate/gca Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of some natural jarosites George A. -
(Gossan Type) Bearing Refractory Gold and Silver Ore by Diagnostic Leaching
Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 25(2015) 1286−1297 Characterization of an iron oxy/hydroxide (gossan type) bearing refractory gold and silver ore by diagnostic leaching Oktay CELEP, Vedat SERBEST Hydromet B&PM Group, Division of Mineral & Coal Processing, Department of Mining Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey Received 18 August 2014; accepted 10 December 2014 Abstract: A detailed characterization of an iron oxy/hydroxide (gossan type) bearing refractory gold/silver ore was performed with a new diagnostic approach for the development of a pretreatment process prior to cyanide leaching. Gold was observed to be present as native and electrum (6−24 µm in size) and associated with limonite, goethite and lepidocrocite within calcite and quartz matrix. Mineral liberation analysis (MLA) showed that electrum is found as free grains and in association with beudantite, limonite/goethite and quartz. Silver was mainly present as acanthite (Ag2S) and electrum and as inclusions within beudantite phase in the ore. The cyanide leaching tests showed that the extractions of gold and silver from the ore (d80: 50 µm) were limited to 76% and 23%, respectively, over a leaching period of 24 h. Diagnostic leaching tests coupled with the detailed mineralogical analysis of the ore suggest that the refractory gold and silver are mainly associated within iron oxide mineral phases such as limonite/goethite and jarosite-beudantite, which can be decomposed in alkaline solutions. Based on these characterizations, alkaline pretreatment of ore in potassium hydroxide solution was performed prior to cyanidation, which improved significantly the extraction of silver and gold up to 87% Ag and 90% Au. -
High Temperature Sulfate Minerals Forming on the Burning Coal Dumps from Upper Silesia, Poland
minerals Article High Temperature Sulfate Minerals Forming on the Burning Coal Dumps from Upper Silesia, Poland Jan Parafiniuk * and Rafał Siuda Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Zwirki˙ i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: j.parafi[email protected] Abstract: The subject of this work is the assemblage of anhydrous sulfate minerals formed on burning coal-heaps. Three burning heaps located in the Upper Silesian coal basin in Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Radlin and Rydułtowy near Rybnik were selected for the research. The occurrence of godovikovite, millosevichite, steklite and an unnamed MgSO4, sometimes accompanied by subordinate admixtures of mikasaite, sabieite, efremovite, langbeinite and aphthitalite has been recorded from these locations. Occasionally they form monomineral aggregates, but usually occur as mixtures practically impossible to separate. The minerals form microcrystalline masses with a characteristic vesicular structure resembling a solidified foam or pumice. The sulfates crystallize from hot fire gases, similar to high temperature volcanic exhalations. The gases transport volatile components from the center of the fire but their chemical compositions are not yet known. Their cooling in the near-surface part of the heap results in condensation from the vapors as viscous liquid mass, from which the investigated minerals then crystallize. Their crystallization temperatures can be estimated from direct measurements of the temperatures of sulfate accumulation in the burning dumps and studies of their thermal ◦ decomposition. Millosevichite and steklite crystallize in the temperature range of 510–650 C, MgSO4 Citation: Parafiniuk, J.; Siuda, R. forms at 510–600 ◦C and godovikovite in the slightly lower range of 280–450 (546) ◦C. -
Cu-Rich Members of the Beudantite–Segnitite Series from the Krupka Ore District, the Krušné Hory Mountains, Czech Republic
Journal of Geosciences, 54 (2009), 355–371 DOI: 10.3190/jgeosci.055 Original paper Cu-rich members of the beudantite–segnitite series from the Krupka ore district, the Krušné hory Mountains, Czech Republic Jiří SeJkOra1*, Jiří ŠkOvíra2, Jiří ČeJka1, Jakub PláŠIl1 1 Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, National museum, Václavské nám. 68, 115 79 Prague 1, Czech Republic; [email protected] 2 Martinka, 417 41 Krupka III, Czech Republic * Corresponding author Copper-rich members of the beudantite–segnitite series (belonging to the alunite supergroup) were found at the Krupka deposit, Krušné hory Mountains, Czech Republic. They form yellow-green irregular to botryoidal aggregates up to 5 mm in size. Well-formed trigonal crystals up to 15 μm in length are rare. Chemical analyses revealed elevated Cu contents up 2+ to 0.90 apfu. Comparably high Cu contents were known until now only in the plumbojarosite–beaverite series. The Cu 3+ 3+ 2+ ion enters the B position in the structure of the alunite supergroup minerals via the heterovalent substitution Fe Cu –1→ 3– 2– 3 (AsO4) (SO4) –1 . The unit-cell parameters (space group R-3m) a = 7.3265(7), c = 17.097(2) Å, V = 794.8(1) Å were determined for compositionally relatively homogeneous beudantite (0.35 – 0.60 apfu Cu) with the following average empirical formula: Pb1.00(Fe2.46Cu0.42Al0.13Zn0.01)Σ3.02 [(SO4)0.89(AsO3OH)0.72(AsO4)0.34(PO4)0.05]Σ2.00 [(OH)6.19F0.04]Σ6.23. Interpretation of thermogravimetric and infrared vibrational data is also presented. The Cu-rich members of the beudan- tite–segnitite series are accompanied by mimetite, scorodite, pharmacosiderite, cesàrolite and carminite. -
Ammonium Sulfate Minerals from Mikasa, Hokkaido, Japan: Boussingaultite, Godovikovite, Efremovite and Tschermigite
158 Journal of MineralogicalN. Shimobayashi, and Petrological M. OhnishiSciences, and Volume H. Miura 106, page 158─ 163, 2011 LETTER Ammonium sulfate minerals from Mikasa, Hokkaido, Japan: boussingaultite, godovikovite, efremovite and tschermigite * ** *** Norimasa SHIMOBAYASHI , Masayuki OHNISHI and Hiroyuki MIURA *Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan ** 80-5-103 Misasagi Bessho-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8417, Japan ***Department of National History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan Four ammonium sulfate minerals, i.e., boussingaultite, godovikovite, efremovite and tschermigite, were found from coal gas escape fractures at Ikushunbetsu, Mikasa City, Hokkaido, Japan, on the field survey in 2009. The minerals were identified using XRD, SEM-EDS, XRF and/or CHN analyses. This is the first occurrence of these four mineral species in Japan. Godovikovite is the most common species in this survey and has Al/(Al + Fe3+) ~ 0.9. The mineral coexists with efremovite. These usually occur as very fine admixtures (<10 μm) form- ing porous crust up to several millimeters in thickness. Boussingaultite [Mg/(Mg + Fe) = 0.96 to 0.97] occurs as aggregates of platy crystals up to 1 mm in diameter and 0.2 mm in thickness or as very fine admixtures (<10 μm) with tschermigite forming porous stalactitic-like aggregate. Godovikovite, efremovite and boussingaultite were formed as a primary sublimate from coal-gas. Tschermigite is considered to be a hydration product of go- dovikovite. Keywords: Godovikovite, Efremovite, Tschermigite, Boussingaultite, Ammonium sulfate, Ikushunbetsu, Mikasa INTRODUCTION ties of the ammonium sulfate minerals obtained from Mi- kasa. -
Jarosite Kfe3 (SO4)2(OH)6 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1 Crystal Data: Hexagonal
3+ Jarosite KFe3 (SO4)2(OH)6 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Hexagonal. Point Group: 32/m. As well-formed crystals, pseudocubic rhombohedral {0112} or tabular on {0001}, to 25 cm; typically as minutely crystalline crusts, also fibrous, nodular, granular, pulverulent, earthy. Physical Properties: Cleavage: On {0001}, distinct. Fracture: Uneven to conchoidal. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 2.5–3.5 D(meas.) = 2.91–3.26 D(calc.) = 3.127 Strongly pyroelectric. Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Amber-yellow to dark brown. Streak: Pale yellow. Luster: Subadamantine to vitreous, resinous on fractures. Optical Class: Uniaxial (–), typically anomalously biaxial. Pleochroism: O = reddish brown; E = colorless. ω = 1.791–1.820 = 1.705–1.715 2V(meas.) = Small. Cell Data: Space Group: R3m. a = 7.29 c = 17.16 Z = 3 X-ray Powder Pattern: Synthetic. (ICDD 22–827). 3.08 (100), 3.11 (75), 5.09 (70), 5.93 (45), 1.977 (45), 1.825 (45), 3.65 (40) Chemistry: (1) (2) (1) (2) SO3 32.02 31.97 H2O 10.61 10.79 Fe2O3 48.63 47.83 insol. 0.29 Na2O 0.55 Total 99.85 100.00 K2O 7.75 9.41 (1) Saint F´elixde Palli`eres,France; corresponds to (K0.82Na0.04)Σ=0.86Fe3.05(SO4)2(OH)6. (2) KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6. Polymorphism & Series: Forms a series with natrojarosite. Mineral Group: Alunite group. Occurrence: A secondary mineral in oxidized portions of sulfide-bearing rocks, typically altering from pyrite; less common as a low-temperature, primary hydrothermal mineral, including as deposits around hot springs. -
The Stability of Sulfate and Hydrated Sulfate Minerals Near Ambient Conditions and Their Significance in Environmental and Plane
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 62 (2013) 734–758 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Asian Earth Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jseaes Review The stability of sulfate and hydrated sulfate minerals near ambient conditions and their significance in environmental and planetary sciences ⇑ I-Ming Chou a, , Robert R. Seal II a, Alian Wang b a U.S. Geological Survey, 954 National Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA b Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and McDonnell Center for Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA article info abstract Article history: Sulfate and hydrated sulfate minerals are abundant and ubiquitous on the surface of the Earth and also on Received 7 February 2012 other planets and their satellites. The humidity-buffer technique has been applied to study the stability of Received in revised form 5 November 2012 some of these minerals at 0.1 MPa in terms of temperature-relative humidity space on the basis of hydra- Accepted 12 November 2012 tion–dehydration reversal experiments. Updated phase relations in the binary system MgSO –H O are Available online 28 November 2012 4 2 presented, as an example, to show how reliable thermodynamic data for these minerals could be obtained based on these experimental results and thermodynamic principles. This approach has been Keywords: applied to sulfate and hydrated sulfate minerals of other metals, including Fe (both ferrous and ferric), Metal sulfate Zn, Ni, Co, Cd, and Cu. Hydrated sulfate minerals Humidity and temperature Metal–sulfate salts play important roles in the cycling of metals and sulfate in terrestrial systems, and Thermodynamics and kinetics the number of phases extends well beyond the simple sulfate salts that have thus far been investigated Terrestrial occurrence experimentally.