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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-51608-2 - A Concise History of Australia, Third Edition Stuart Macintyre Index More information

INDEX

Abbott, Tony, 275 and European diseases, 5, 19, 32 Abeles, Peter, 203 and European invasion, 13 Aboriginal Affairs, Department of, and federation, 145 239 ﬂag, 289 Aboriginal people, 10, 188–90, Freedom Ride, 236 303–5 government policy on, 227–9, Arrernte people, 9 267, 298 art, 14, 289 Gurindji people, 227, 236 and Arthur Phillip, 31 Kamilaroi people, 62 assimilation, 189, 227–9 Kulin people, 67 Batjala people, 69 Kwiambal people, 62 Black Line, 61, 63–6 land rights, 67, 239, 267, 287, and Christianity, 49 288, 304 conﬂict with European settlers, language groups, 14 39, 49, 55, 56, 59–61, 65 life expectancy, 287 and the Constitution, 231, Link-Up agencies, 229 236 massacres, 60–5, 91, 105, 107 Coranderrk settlement, 106 Native Institution, 49 culture, 3, 13–15, 189, 289 Nglulungbara people, 69 Day of Protest and Mourning, in northern Australia, 105 17, 188 Northern Territory intervention, Dharuk people, 38 298 Djankawa story, 9 Nyungar people, 62 Dreamtime (Dreaming), 9, 14, pastoral workers, 105, 227, 236 16 political movement, 261 elimination of, 106, 146 population, 61, 145, 286 employment, 105, 287 protection of, 65, 105–8, 146 environmental management, 14 reconciliation, 267, 287, 289, Eora people, 14, 39 298

340 Index

Aboriginal people (cont.) appeasement, 186, 187 reserves and missions, 66–8, Arabanoo, 31, 33 146, 228, 287 arbitration, industrial, 177, 249, resistance to European 265, 295 settlement, 39, 61 Arbitration Court, 151, 177, 178, Riratjungi people, 9 206, 223, 238 role in exploration, 56 architecture, 83, 234 self-determination, 239, 287, Argentina, 179 304 armies, secret, 173, 182 separation of children, 146, 228, Armistice Day, 165 267, 289 art, 83–5, 238 sexual relations, 39–42, 149 Aboriginal, 14, 289 town dwellers, 68 literature, 69, 131, 145, 181, treaties, 67 226 view of in Australian history, 5 music, 187 Wajuk people, 14 painting, 69, 76, 120, 131, 132, welfare dependency, 287 145, 181, 226 women and children, 184 see also names of individual Yarra Yarra tribe, 107 artists, 69 Yolngu people, 236 Arthur, George, 63–6, 69, 76 Aborigines’ Progressive ASEAN, 256, 262, 274, 291 Association, 188 Asia, 18, 21, 141, 186, 257, 272, Accord on wages and prices, 248, 291 252 Australian view of, 214, 262 Adelaide, 79, 80, 110, 220 ﬁnancial crisis, 264, 273 ‘Advance Australia Fair’, 193 Asia-Paciﬁc Economic Advertiser newspaper, 120 Cooperation, 262, 299 Afghanistan, 276, 277 assignment system, 51 Age newspaper, 120 assimilation, 204, 227–9, 238 agriculture, 11, 15, 97, 285 Astley, William, 71 Alice Springs, 105 asylum seekers, 274, 276 All for Australia League, 182 Atomic Energy Commission, 224 Anglican Church Missionary Australia (name), 51, 121 Society, 49 Australia Day, 17, 51, 188, 236 Anglo-Japanese Treaty, 141, ‘Australia Unlimited’, 171 176 Australian Broadcasting anthropology, 4, 11, 189–90, Commission, 187, 193, 219, 289 266 Anti-Communist Labor Party, 217 Australian Broadcasting Anti-Socialist Party, 150 Corporation Anzac Day, 160–2, 168, 176, 195, see Australian Broadcasting 292 Commission Anzacs, 158–62, 166, 191 Australian Capital Territory, 95, ANZUS treaty, 212, 258, 291 208

Index 341

Australian Council of Trade baby boomers, 223 Unions, 206, 242, 245, 248, Bali, bombing in, 277 295, 299 Ballarat, 89–90 Australian Imperial Force, 158, Banks, Joseph, 24, 27, 28, 30, 39 173 Barak, William, 106, 107 Australian Institute of Sport, 281 Barton, Edmund, 138 Australian Labor Party, 128, 150, Barwick, Sir Garﬁeld, 241 187, 250, 293 Bass, George, 44 Chiﬂey government, 201–3, Bass Strait, 27 205–6, 248–9, 251–4, 260–2 Bathurst, 47, 55 and the Cold War, 209 Batman, John, 67, 77, 106 and communism, 173 Battle Mountain, 105 Curtin government, 192–3, Baynton, Barbara, 131 198–9, 201 Bean,C.E.W.,160, 161 and the Depression, 180 Beattie, Peter, 280 governments, 178–82 Beazley, Kim, 270 Hawke government, 248–9 Belgium, 166, 210 Jack Lang, 179 Bellamy, Edward, 133 Joseph Lyons, 179 Bennelong, 31–3 Keating government, 260–2 Bentham, Jeremy, 42, 54 split, 167, 217 bicentennial celebrations, 17 tariff duties, 151 Bigge,J.T.,51, 52, 69, 73, 79, White Australia Policy, 143 80 Whitlam government, 231, Bjelke-Peterson, Joh, 239–41, 250, 237–42 280 and World War II, 190 Black Line, 63–5 Australian National University, Black War, 60, 61 202, 224 blackbirding, 104 Australian Natives Association, Blainey, Geoffrey, 60, 267, 283 139, 145 Bligh, William, 36, 45, 46 Australian newspaper, 74 Blue Mountains, 47, 55, 58 Australian Rules football, 219 Boak, Barcroft, 102 Australian Security and Intelligence Bolsheviks, 165, 173 Organisation, 175, 211, 216, Bolte, Henry, 208–9, 239, 279 219 Bond, Alan, 254, 281 Australian Settlement, 152, 155, Bonwick, James, 11 249, 255 Book Censorship Abolition Australian Shearers Union, 123, League, 187 126 border control, 277, 306 Australian War Memorial, 60, 160, borrowing, public, 209, 249, 251 168, 293 Botany Bay, 16, 27, 28, 71 Australian Wheat Board, 296 Boyd, Robin, 234, 235 aviation, 174 Bradman, Don, 185 Ayers Rock, 102, 307 Brisbane, 110, 220

342 Index

Britain, 18, 35, 51, 58, 176, 210, Carr, Bob, 279 303 Carter, Angela, 305 atomic programme, 212 Castle Hill uprising, 44, 49 constitutional ties, 157 Catholic Social Studies Movement, dependence on, 156, 167, 176, 216, 219 185, 195, 305 Catholicism, 82, 116, 168, financial links, 176 219 independence movements, 210 cattle, 58, 101, 105, 111 Rum Rebellion, 46 censorship, 164, 175, 187, World War II, 190 198 British and Foreign Aborigines’ Centennial Park, 121 Protection Society, 65 cereal production, 38, 58 British Empire, 3, 18, 168, 170 see also wheat, 38 claim over Australia, 27 Chamberlain, Azaria, 102 maintenance of, 140 Charters Towers, 90, 144 in the Pacific, 19–21, 24, 29 Chartism, 93, 97 severance of ties to, 3, 138 Chi, Jimmy, 289 Broken Hill, 90, 111, 123, 124, Chifley, Ben, 201, 205, 206, 215 153 child endowment, 184 Broome, 144 children, 98, 131, 224–5, 239 Brown, Bob, 285 ‘children overboard’ affair, 277, Bruce, Stanley, 169, 178 279 Builders’ Labourers Federation, 89, China, 187, 237, 256, 291 284 Chinese immigrants, 88, 103, 144, Bulletin magazine, 131, 133, 142, 145 149 Chisholm, Caroline, 81 bunyip aristocracy, 92, 121 Christianity, 2, 48, 60, 71, 138 Burke, Robert O’Hara, 57, 101 Christmas Island, 276 Burma–Thailand railway, 196 Church Act, NSW, 81 Bush, G. W., 275–7 Church of England, 48, 82, bush legend, 131, 132 116 bushranging, 74, 76, 99 churches, 81, 82, 117–20 see also religion, 81 Cairns, 144 Churchill, Winston, 192 Cairns Group of agricultural Clark, Manning, 238 producers, 257 Clarke, Marcus, 71, 112 Call to Australia, 219, 220 class, 112, 129, 136, 153, 181 Calwell, Arthur, 202–5, 226, 237 ‘Clever Country’, 252 Cambodia, 257, 274 climate, 30, 31, 130, 286, 298 Cameron, Mary, 126 Cold War, 201, 209, 211, 217, see also Gilmore, Mary 255, 258 Canada, 19, 167, 179, 305 Collins, David, 36 Canberra, 149, 168, 182, 208 Colombo Plan, 214 capital, mobility of, 246, 251 Colonial Office, 67, 73, 92, 93, Carboni, Raffaelo, 89 139, 143

Index 343

commodities, production of, 108, Coombs, H. C. (‘Nugget’), 201, 176, 178–80, 246, 247, 249, 207, 235 307 Coopers Creek, 101 see also primary producers, 108 Coranderrk, 106, 107 Commonwealth, British, 176, 198, Corowa, 139 210 Costello, Peter, 265, 294, 299 Commonwealth Bank, 179, 207 Council for Aboriginal Commonwealth of Australia, 137, Reconciliation, 289 147 Council for Civil Liberties, 187 Commonwealth police force, 165 Country Party, 169, 171, 239 communications, 95, 101, 102 coalition governments, 169, 183, communism, 173–4, 181, 209, 185, 217, 231, 243, 258 211, 258 Country Women’s Association, and the labour movement, 181, 219 183–7 Court, Charles, 240, 279 threat of, 214, 220, 233 Crete, 191 Communist Party of Australia, cricket, 107, 185, 229, 281 173, 181, 206, 211, 217, 218 crime, 135, 245 banning of, 192, 215, 217 Crocodile Dundee, 132 Conder, Charles, 133 Cullinlaringo, 105, 107 conﬁdence, public, 281 culture, 3, 118–21, 238 Congress for Cultural Freedom, see also art, literature, music, 3 219 Cumberland Plain, 31, 38, 47, 58 Congress of Aborigines, 49 Curr, Edward, 106 conscription, 163–6, 197, 231, currency, 183, 240, 246, 248, 276 237 Curtin, John, 194, 196, 198, 201 constitution, Commonwealth, 138, 145 Darcy, Les, 185 preamble to, 138, 271 Darling, Ralph, 73 Constitutional Convention, 271 Darling Downs, 55, 122 constitutional crises, 93, 242 Darling Downs Pastoralists constitutions, state, 92, 93, 97 Association, 122 Contemporary Art Society, 187 Darwin, 144, 191, 193 convict system, 35, 53, 54, 70, 73, Davis, Jack, 289 76, 80 Day of Protest and Mourning, 17, convicts, 17, 29, 42–6, 69, 72 188 assignment system, 51, 69, 72 de Quiros, Pedro, 21 discipline, 43, 47–9 Deakin, Alfred, 141, 142, 147, 155 emancipation, 43, 55, 83 federation, 138, 141 pardons, 47, 69 Maritime Strike, 123, 125, 129 punishment, 50, 54, 69 White Australia Policy, 142, 149 Convincing Ground, 59 Deane, William, 272 Cook, James, 1, 25–8, 30 democracy, 93, 97 Cook, Joseph, 157 Democratic Labor Party, 217 Coolgardie, 90 Deniehy, Daniel, 92

344 Index

Dennis, C. J., 161 Enlightenment, 2, 28 Depressions entrepreneurialism, 37, 95, 251, 1890s, 129 254 1930s, 179–87 environmental management, 14, Dickens, Charles, 114 130, 245, 285, 297 dictation test, 143 environmental movement, 261, diggers, 159, 160, 162, 171, 284 174 equality, 74, 254, 255 dingo, 13, 15 Eureka rebellion, 89–91 discipline, 43, 47–9 Eureka Youth League, 89 Dismissal, 242 Evans, Gareth, 257 Downer, Alexander, 299 Evatt, H. V., 198, 211, 215, 216, Doyle, Arthur Conan, 114 257 Dreamtime (Dreaming), 9, 14, Everage, Edna, 234 16 exploration, 29, 55–7, 101–3 Dulingbra people, 69 exports, 207, 246, 249, 250, 291 Dunlop, Edward ‘Weary’, 196 Dunstan, Don, 237 Fairfax, John, 120 Durack family, 102 family, 81, 115, 184, 223, 224, Dyson, Will, 161 245, 253, 263 fascism, 185 East Timor, 256, 258, 273, 292 fauna and flora of Australia, 2, 6, economic rationalism, 246 8, 12, 147 economy, 37, 207–8, 240, 249, Federal Convention, 137, 139, 140 257, 282, 290 Federal Council, 137 education, 198, 224, 237, 252, Federal Council for the 291 Advancement of Aborigines, private schools, 224, 239 228 secondary schools, 223 federal government state schools, 118 growth of, 207, 209, 237, 239 technical schools, 202 federation, 136 universities, 117, 187, 202, 219, Fellowship of Australian Writers, 224, 239, 253 187 efficiency, 109, 154, 307 female factories, 72 Egypt, 159, 191, 212 feminists, 134, 135, 149, 164, 184 El Nino,˜ 7, 15 Ferguson, Lady Munro, 162 Elizabeth II, Queen, 213 Field, Barron, 2 emancipation, 43, 55, 83 Fighting Hills, 59 employment, 151, 183, 184, 198, financial deregulation, 246, 200, 204, 206, 208, 253 249–51, 254, 255, 263 casualisation of, 253 financial system, international, 178 forty-hour week, 206 fire, 8, 13 security of, 252 First Fleet, 1, 30–2, 35, 39, 43, Endeavour, 1, 24, 27 121, 203

Index 345

Fisher, Andrew, 157, 162 Goldstein, Vida, 134 flag, 89–91, 125, 147, 289 Gondwana, 6 flax, 29, 30 ‘Good Neighbour’ committees, 226 Flinders, Matthew, 36, 51 goods and services tax, 270, 275 Flinders Island, 66 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 258 Flying Doctor Service, 175 Gorton, John, 231, 235 Foreign Affairs and Trade, governor-general, 241–2, 271, 272 Department of, 257 governors, 73, 93 foreign debt, 129, 170, 176, 179, Graham, Billy, 221 183, 205, 251 Great Barrier Reef, 27 repudiation of, 179, 182 Great War, 156–65, 168 foreign policy, 211, 233, 256, 306 Green Bans, 284 Forrest, Alexander, 102 Greens Party, 285 France, 18, 24, 35, 166, 190, 210 Greenway, Francis, 47 Franklin, Miles, 132 Greer, Germaine, 234 Franklin River, 285 Griffin, Walter Burley, 149 Fraser, Eliza, 69–70 Griffith, Samuel, 123, 125 Fraser, Malcolm, 241, 243, 256 Gwydir River, 59 Fraser government, 246, 256, 283 Fraser Island, 284 Haneef, Mohamed, 296 Free Trade Party, 150, 151 Hanson, Pauline, 268–70, 272, 287 Freeman, Cathy, 289 Hargraves, Edward, 86 Furphy, Joseph, 132 Harpur, Charles, 117 Harris, Rolf, 235 Gallipoli, 159, 191, 292 Hawke, Robert, 245, 259, 281 General Motors Corporation, 202, Hawke government, 248, 252, 222 253, 256, 257, 281, 283, 289 genocide, 147 Hawkesbury River, 38, 45 geology, 6–7, 87 ‘Heads of a Plan’ for settlement, George, Henry, 133 28, 29 Germany, 157, 158, 161, 165, 166, health, 237, 239, 248 185, 190 Heidelberg school of artists, 132, Gibson desert, 102 145 Gillard, Julia, 297 heroes, 55, 99, 101–3, 262 Gilmore, Mary, 126, 134, 192 Hewson, John, 258, 260 Ginibi, Ruby Langford, 289 Hicks, David, 295 Gipps, Governor, 86 Higgins, Henry Bourne, 151 Gippsland, 55 High Court of Australia, 187, 205, globalisation, 251, 252, 255 267, 287, 289, 304 Glover, John, 76 high-technology industries, 246, gold, 86–9 252 and immigration, 88, 103, 108, Higinbotham, George, 93, 117 142 Hindmarsh Island, 290 licence fees, 87, 89 Hinkler, Bert, 174

346 Index

history, 2–6, 13, 55, 72, 133, decline in, 130, 179, 184 302–3, 307 dictation test, 143 and Aboriginal-European entry quotas, 175 conﬂict, 60 and ethnic diversity, 226, 306 ‘black armband’, 60, 267 Japanese, 144 and national myths, 133, 225 naturalisation, 144, 175 Hobart, 36, 47, 72, 78, 110 ‘new Australians’, 204, 226 Holden motor vehicles, 202 post-World War II, 198, 203 Holland, 18, 21, 210 Immigration Restriction Act, 143, Holt, Harold, 215, 232 144 homelessness, 245 Imperial Conference, 170, 176 Hornet Bank Station, 105 imperialism, 19, 29, 108 housing, 198, 220 India, 18, 21 Howard, John, 259, 262, 264, 266, individualism, 115, 250, 254 269, 279, 292, 297, 299 Indonesia, 21, 256, 258, 262, 273, and Pauline Hanson, 269 274, 276, 291 political correctness, 290 industrial relations, 172, 265, 275, reconciliation, 5, 287, 289 295 support of the US, 274, 277, Industrial Relations Commission, 278 265, 295 Howard government, 264–7, 270, Industrial Workers of the World, 272–4, 275, 279, 287–8, 164 292–5 industry, 198, 253 Hu Jintao, 291 manufacturing, 183, 245, 252 Hughes, Billy, 163–5, 178, 185, mining, 91, 246, 276 192, 197 motor vehicle, 202, 222, 248 Paris peace conference, 166, 169 protection of, 151, 179, 250, Hughes, Robert, 42, 71, 234 255, 258, 275 human rights, 256, 275 steel, 248 human settlement in Australia, sugar, 104, 111, 144 8–10 tourist, 285 Hume, Fergus, 112 inequality, 254 Humphries, Barry, 234, 235 inﬂation, 206, 208, 240, 246 Hunter, John, 35, 42, 46, 48, 52 International Monetary Fund, 205, hunter-gatherer way of life, 10–14 273 Hussein, Saddam, 278 internationalism, 175, 210, 238, 273, 275 identity, national, 140, 305 internment, 164, 195 immigration and immigrants, 108, invasion 274, 282 European, 3, 4, 13 Asian, 150, 167, 268, 283 fear of, 141, 193 assisted, 76, 95, 151, 170, 202, threat of, 150 203, 206 Investigator, 51 Chinese, 88, 103, 144, 145 investment, 177, 183, 306

Index 347

British, 108, 129, 170, 178 Labor Electoral League, 128 foreign, 207, 209, 233, 246, labour conditions, 108, 115, 154 251 Labour Defence Committee, 123 in urban construction, 177 labour market deregulation, 172, Iraq, 278 250, 259, 265, 295 Ireland, 167 labour movement, 128, 133, 168, Easter uprising, 165 173, 178, 209, 261 Ireland, David, 209 Lalor, Peter, 89 Isaacs, Isaac, 203 land, 69, 97, 129 isolationism, 175, 187 grants of, 37, 47, 54, 69 laws, 74, 97–8 James, Clive, 234 rights, 239, 267, 287, 304 Jansz, Willem, 21 Lane, William, 126, 128, 142, 155 Japan, 141, 158, 167, 186, 207, Lang, Jack, 179, 181, 182, 259 256, 291 Lang, John Dunmore, 82 and World War II, 160–2, 190, Laos, 274 195 Latham, Mark, 293 Jewish community in Australia, Launceston, 36, 47 203 Lawson, Henry, 91, 99, 125, 130–2 Johnson, Amy, 174 Lawson, Louisa, 126, 133 Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 214, League of Nations, 166, 175, 186 232 legislatures, 73, 91 Jones, Barry, 252 Leichhardt, Ludwig, 101 Levi-Strauss,´ Claude, 12 Kable, Henry and Susannah, 43 Liberal Party, 151, 251 Kalgoorlie, 90 coalition government, 217, 231, kanakas, 104, 144 243, 258 Keating, Paul, 249, 259–63, 272, Howard government, 262 299 Menzies government, 211 ﬁnancial deregulation, 249, 252 life-saving clubs, 229 reconciliation, 5 Light, William, 79 Keating government, 260–2, 287, Light Horse Brigade, 159 289 literacy, 172 Kelly, Ned, 99 literature, 83–5, 112–15, 145, 181, Kennedy, Edmund, 101 187, 194, 196, 226, 235 Kennedy, Tom, 89 Logan, Patrick, 70 Kennett, Jeffrey, 279 London Missionary Society, 48 Kimberley district, 102, 203 Lord, Simeon, 47 King, Philip Gidley, 36, 43, 46, 48 Lowy, Frank, 203 King George’s Sound, 78 Lyons, Joseph, 179, 185, 187 Kisch, Egon, 187 Kokoda Track, 194 Mabo judgement, 287, 288, 304 Korea, war in, 207, 212, 233 MacArthur, Douglas, 194, 198 Kyoto conference, 273 Macarthur, Elizabeth, 38

348 Index

Macarthur, John, 38, 46, 55, 73 Melbourne Trades Hall Council, Macintyre, John, 32, 39 123 Mackay, 144 Menzies, Robert, 185, 186, 207, MacKillop, Mother Mary, 118 212, 219, 220 Macquarie, Elizabeth, 50 and the Communist Party, Macquarie, Lachlan, 46–55, 73 215–17 Macquarie Harbour, 70, 71 ‘forgotten people’, 207, 263 ‘Mahroot’, 68 monarchism, 212 Malaysia, 256, 262, 274, 291 retirement, 229 Mannix, Daniel, 165 Snowy Mountains scheme, manufacturing industry, 183, 245, 208 252 and World War II, 190, 192 Marika, Wandjuk, 9 migration, assisted, 76, 95, 170, Marine Ofﬁcers Association, 123 202, 203, 207 Maritime Strike, 123, 128, 129 from Europe, 202, 203 Maritime Union of Australia, military forces, 141, 292, 297 265 armies, secret, 173, 182 market, free, 114, 250, 254 Australian Imperial Forces, 157, marriage, 130, 135, 223 172 Marsden, Samuel, 42, 48–51 in China, 141 Martens, Conrad, 120 enlistment, 162 masculinity, 131, 133, 135, in South Africa, 141 149 in the Sudan, 141 massacres of Aboriginal people, see also Anzacs, conscription, 59–65, 105, 107 Gallipoli, World War II, 141 maternity beneﬁts, 152, 239 Menzies government, 208–9, mateship, 91, 226, 262 211–15, 224 Mauritius, 21 miners, 178, 206 McAuley, James, 219 mining industries, 91, 246, 276 McCubbin, Fred, 131 missionaries, 48, 67 McMahon, William, 231, 235 Mitchell, Thomas, 54, 56, 57, 77 meat, 246 Monash, John, 165, 203 media, 281 Moran, Cardinal Patrick, 138 newspapapers, 74, 120 Moreton Bay, 70, 80 radio, 172 Morgan, Sally, 286 television, 223, 238 motor vehicles, 172, 202, 221, megafauna, 13 222, 248 Melbourne, 80, 110, 111 Mount Dispersion, 59 ‘Marvellous Melbourne’, Mount Morgan, 90 111–14 Mount Rennie case, 135 ‘Outcast Melbourne’, 112 Movement Against War and Olympic Games, 223, 229, 281 Fascism, 187 settlement of, 77, 78 multiculturalism, 238, 268, 283, temporary national capital, 149 306

Index 349

Murdering Island, 59 New Guinea, 15, 103, 147, 167, Murdoch, Keith, 160 189, 256 Murdoch, Rupert, 160, 235, 281, New Hebrides, 104 297 New Holland, 2, 51 Murray River, 55, 57–9, 290 New Left, 231 Murrumbidgee River, 61 New Protection, 151, 155, 175 music, 187, 235 New Right, 250, 251, 258, 259 mutual obligation, 254, 265 policies of, 251 Myall Creek, 62–5, 67 New South Wales, 1, 2, 27, 53, 71, Myer, Sidney, 174, 203 92, 93, 279 Aboriginal-European conﬂict, Namatjira, Albert, 228 62 Napoleonic war, 19, 35, 46, 53, population, 41, 47, 69 156 settlement, European, 17, 51 National Economic Summit, New South Wales Corps, 37, 38, 248 45, 46 National Farmers Federation, 250, New South Wales Labour Council, 265 181 National Front, 89 New State movements, 182 National Gallery, 238 New Zealand, 19, 20, 49, 90, 257, national identity, 131 305 National Museum, 61 Maori resistance, 19, 62, 141 National Party, 167, 182, 240, Newcastle, 36, 70 269, 296 newspapers, 74, 120 nationalism, 3, 149, 181, 226, 238, Nixon, Richard, 233 262, 306 nobility, colonial, 89, 92, 121 Nationalists, 168, 169, 173 Nolan, Sidney, 69 nation-building, 150, 156, 207, Norfolk Island, 29, 30, 36, 41, 70, 282 71 nationhood, 136, 238 North Australian Workers Union, Native Institution, 49 228 native title, 287 northern Australia, 80, 102–6, 144 see also land rights, 287 Northern Territory, 95, 103 naturalisation, 144, 175, Nullarbor Plain, 90, 102 203 Nunn, James, 62 Nauru, 276 Neilson, John Shaw, 131 Oatlands district, 61 ‘Never-Never’, 102 Oceania, 21 Neville, A. O., 190 Ofﬁce for the Status of Women, New Australia, 126, 155 239, 267 New Deal for Aborigines, 189 oil, 240, 247 New Education, 155 Olympic Games, 223, 229, 281 New England, 55 One Nation Party, 268–70, 270, New Guard, 182 283

350 Index

Ophir, 86 Phillip, Arthur, 1, 16–18, 30, 35, Ord River, 284 39, 41, 48 Orientalism, 23 relations with Aboriginal people, Overland Telegraph line, 101, 102 31 Pilbara, 90, 227 Paciﬁc Island labour trade, 104, place names, 58, 84 144 plantations, sugar, 104 Paciﬁc solution, 276 Playford, Tom, 208, 239, 240 Packer, Kerry, 281 poetry, 70, 83–5, 91, 99, 102, 125, Page, Earle, 169 162 painting, 83, 120, 131, 133, 238, police force, Commonwealth, 165 289 political correctness, 290 Palm Island, 228 politicians, 94, 139, 280 Palmer, Thomas, 52 politics, colonial, 94 Palmer River, 90 Pollock, Jackson, 238 Papua, 147, 189 population, 47, 69, 79, 184, 200, Papua New Guinea, 193, 195, 211, 282 273, 276, 292 European, 87, 108 independence, 237 in northern Australia, 144 Kokoda Track, 193 rural, 233 Paris peace conference, 166–8, urban, 171 175 Port Arthur, 70, 71, 269 Parkes, Henry, 94, 121, 123, port facilities, 36 137 Port Jackson, 30, 32 Parramatta, 31, 38, 39, 44, 72 Port Macquarie, 70 pastoral leases, 287 Port Phillip Bay, 36, 55, 67, 88 pastoralism, 55, 58–9, 61, 74, 104, Port Phillip District, 58, 67, 77, 105, 108, 124, 287 87 Paterson, A. B., 131 Portugal, 18, 21, 210, 273 Pearson, Charles, 142 Possession Island, 27 Pearson, Noel, 287–8 postindustrialism, 252 Peel, Thomas, 78 Post-War Reconstruction, Pemulwuy, 39–41 Department of, 198, 201 penal settlements, 70, 80 pre-emptive defence, 277 penology, 29, 42, 54 press, 73, 120 pensions, 152, 209 Price, John, 70, 71 people-smuggling, 275 primary producers, 169, 170, 175, Perth, 78, 80, 110, 220 186 pests, introduced, 100, 130, prisoners of war, 196 284 productivity, 208 Petrov, Vladimir, 217–19 Progressivism, 155 Petrova, Evdokia, 217 prosperity, 108, 201, 220 Peyton, Patrick, 221 see also standard of living, Phar Lap, 185 108

Index 351

protectionism, 179, 250, 255, 258, Returned Soldiers and Sailors 275 Imperial League of Australia, see also tariffs, 179 173 Protectionist Party, 150, 151 Reynolds, Henry, 60 punishment, 50, 70 Roberts, Tom, 131, 132 secondary, 70, 71, 73 Robinson, George, 66, 67 Robinson, Michael, 47, 73 Queensland, 55, 80, 92, 93, 95, Rocks area, Sydney, 80 105, 247, 280, 282 Roosevelt, Theodore, 142 gold rush, 90, 103 Royal Australian Navy, 142, 158 Queensland Shearers Union, Royal Navy, 140, 150, 158, 176, 123 191 Rudd, Kevin, 297–300 rabbits, 100, 130, 284 Rudd, Steele, 131 race relations, 60, 124 Rufus River, 59, 60 radio, 172 rule of law, 54, 60 railways, 95, 100 Rum Rebellion, 45–7 Rasp, Charles, 90 rural industries, 170–2, 202, 285 Reagan, Ronald, 256, 258 see also pastoralism, primary reconciliation, 4 producers, 170 Reconciliation Council, 5 Russia, 157, 173 Red Cross, 162 Ryan, Thomas, 128 Red Menace, 173 Redfern, William, 47, 53 Sahul, 4, 6–8, 15, 20 referendum Said, Edward, 23 on communist ban, 215, 216, Santamaria, B. A., 216, 219 219 Sawyer, Mary, 72 on conscription, 163–5, 167 Schools Commission, 239 on federation, 138, 139 science, 145, 153, 171, 218, 224 on republic, 271–2 Scott, Rose, 134 on wartime powers, 198, 205 Scullin, James, 179, 182 to control prices, 163 Sculthorpe, Peter, 69 Reform League, 89 sealing, 36, 37, 51, 56 refugees, 203, 274–6, 306 SEATO, 212 Reid, Elizabeth, 239 Second Australian Imperial Force, religion, 14, 48–51, 81–4, 115–18, 190 221 Second Fleet, 31 Remembrance Day, 166 selectors, 98, 99 republicanism, 139, 192, 262, self-determination, 287 270 self-government, 91–4, 97 Reserve Bank, 207, 270 self-sufﬁciency, 30, 35, 41, 99, 140 reserves and missions, 66–8, 146, September 11, 277 228, 287 settlement, European, 16, 17, resources, natural, 108, 233 28–30

352 Index

settler colonies, 19–20, 52, 74, government maintenance of, 109, 140, 249, 284 153, 169, 177 and Indigenous peoples, 65 state aid for church schools, 117 settlers, free, 48, 55, 73, 74, 83 State governments, 94–8, 209 sheep, 58 Statute of Westminster, 193 Shute, Nevil, 196 steel industry, 248 Singapore, 176, 191–3, 196 Steinberg, Dr Isaac Nachman, 203 Sinn Fein movement, 165 Stewart, Paddy Japaljarri, 9 Skull Camp, 59 Stirling, James, 78 Slaughterhouse Creek, 59 Stolen Generations, 5, 190, 228, smallpox, 31 267, 289, 300 Smith, Charles Kingsford, 174 Stone, Sandy, 234 Smith, Sydney, 41 Strutt, William, 120 Snowy Mountains, 55 Stuart, John, 101 Snowy Mountains Authority, 284 suburbs, 111, 221, 224–6, 233, Snowy River scheme, 205, 208 234, 263 social movements, 261 suffrage movement, 134 social welfare, 152, 186, 198, 209, sugar industry, 104, 111, 144 239, 252, 253, 293 Suharto, 256, 273 mutual obligation, 265, 275 Sukarno, Achmad, 256 and wages, 184, 204, 248, 250 Sunda, 6, 8, 10 socialism, 133, 136 Sutherland, Joan, 235 Solander, Daniel, 27 Swan River, 110 soldier settlement, 171 Swan River Colony, 78 solidarity, social, 254 Swift, Jonathan, 23–7 Solomon Islands, 20 Sydney, 36, 78, 80, 110, 281 South Africa, 19, 21, 167, 240, population, 41, 220, 282 256, 305 Sydney, Lord, 28 South Australia, 62, 67, 92, 93, 95, Sydney Chamber of Commerce, 100, 282 123 European settlement, 67, 79 Sydney Cove, 1, 17, 30, 32, 36 South Paciﬁc Forum, 273 Sydney Harbour Bridge, 177, 183 South Vietnam, 215, 231 Sydney Morning Herald Southern Cross, 89–91, 125 newspaper, 120 Soviet Union, 195, 210, 217, 255, Sydney Opera House, 238 256 Sykes, Bobbi, 236 Spain, 18 Syme, David, 120 Spence, Catherine, 87, 90, 307 Spence, William Guthrie, 91 tall poppies, 255 sport, 185, 219, 229, 281 tariffs, 151, 169, 177, 183, 202, squatters, 75, 98 207 stagﬂation, 240 reduction of, 240, 249, 250, standard of living, 41, 179, 200, 258 201, 249, 308 Tasman, Abel, 21, 23

Index 353

Tasmania, 23, 77, 92, 93, 106, Unemployed Workers Movement, 285 181, 182 Black Line, 61, 63–6 unemployment, 129, 172, 179, population, 77, 282 181, 183, 254, 265 see also Van Diemen’s Land 1930s, 179–81 tax reform, 270, 275, 276 1970s, 241, 245, 248 technological innovation, 153, 1990s, 251 157, 185, 201, 307 youth, 253 television, 223, 238 United Australia Party, 179, 182, Telstra, 264, 275, 294 185, 190 tennis, 229 United Nations, 198, 210, 211, Terra Australis Incognita, 23 273, 275, 278 terra nullius, 4, 5 United States, 175, 197, 211, 212, terrorism, 276, 277, 296 214, 241, 258, 295, 297 Thatcher, Margaret, 252, 256 alliance with, 193, 195, 210, thistles, 100 214, 258, 291 Thursday Island, 144 communications facilities, 241, ticket-of-leave, 43 256, 258 timber, 29, 30 Great White Fleet, 141, timber workers, 178 142 Tobruk, 191 Universal Service League, 162 Torres, Luis Vaez de, 21 universities, 117, 187, 202, 219, Torres Strait, 103 224, 239, 254 tourist industry, 285 urban planning, 77, 79, 110 Townsville, 144 urban renewal, 237, 239 trade, 110, 186, 201, 207, 290, urbanisation, 80, 95, 110, 171, 306 220–1, 233 deﬁcit, 177, 249, 251, 276 utilitarianism, 54 trade unions, 122, 125, 128, 198, utilities, public, 95, 172, 264 204, 225, 233, 265, 295 Australian Council of Trade Van Diemen’s Land, 23, 56, 69, Unions, 206, 242, 245, 248, 70, 76, 81 295, 299 Aboriginal-European conﬂict, and communism, 173, 187 61 transportation, 54, 71, 76, 104 Black Line, 61, 63–6 Trollope, Anthony, 116 population, 47, 69 Tropic of Capricorn, settlement settlement, European, 36, 51, above, 80, 103–6, 144 58 Truganini, 106 see also Tasmania Turkey, 159, 161, 166 Vanuatu, 21, 104 Vern, Frederick, 89 Ulm, Charles, 174 Victoria, 87, 92, 93, 97, 106, 121, Uluru, 102, 307 279 unemployed people, 181, 183 Vietnam, 214

354 Index

Vietnam War, 231–3, 237 White Paper on Full Employment, voluntary associations, 80, 85, 205 114, 115, 139, 152 Whitlam, Gough, 237 Whitlam government, 237–43, wages, 184 255, 256 basic, 151, 248, 253 expansion of government, 237, centralised determination, 177, 239 204, 249, 250 Wik judgement, 304 enterprise bargaining, 265 Wilderness Society, 284 fair and reasonable, 151 Wills, Thomas, 107 minimum, 252 Wills, William, 101 Wakeﬁeld, Edward Gibbon, 78, 79 Windschuttle, Keith, 290 Wall Street Crash, 177 Woman’s Christian Temperance Wallace Line, 6 Union, 133, 136 ‘Waltzing Matilda’, 131 women, 30, 72, 99, 131, 149, 253 War Precautions Act, 164 Aboriginal, 39, 184 waterside workers, 178, 187 and the armed forces, 162, 198 Waterside Workers Federation, role of, 48, 222 215 wages, 152, 184, 223, 238 Watson, Don, 261 women’s movement, 133, 261 Wattle Day League, 147 wool, 58–9, 100–2, 129, 170, 178, Wedge, John, 56 207, 246 Wentworth, William Charles, 69, Work Choices, 295 73, 92, 121 Workplace Relations Act, 265 West, John, 120 World Bank, 205 Western Australia, 21, 54, 78, 104, World Trade Organization, 273, 182, 280, 282 275 Aboriginal-European conﬂict, World War I, 156–69 62 World War II, 185, 190–6, 199 Kimberley district, 102, 203 relations between Britain and mining industries, 233, 247 Australia, 192, 193 Pilbara, 90, 227 Writers’ League, 187 Swan River Colony, 78 Western Front, 161–3 Yellow Peril, 173 whaling, 29, 36, 37 Yeltsin, Boris, 258 wheat, 100, 170, 178, 246 Yemmerrawannie, 31 White, Patrick, 69, 101, 235 Yothu Yindi, 289 White Australia Policy, 143, 149, Yudhoyono, Susilo Bamabang, 291 150, 155, 214, 230, 283, 306 Alfred Deakin, 143, 149 Zimbabwe, 305