Pteris Melanocaulon Fée Is an As Hyperaccumulator
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Ateneo de Manila University Archīum Ateneo Environmental Science Faculty Publications Environmental Science Department 7-20-2019 Pteris melanocaulon Fée is an As hyperaccumulator Rene Juna R. Claveria Ateneo de Manila University, [email protected] Teresita R. Perez Ateneo de Manila University, [email protected] Mary Jean B. Apuan Xavier University Dennis A. Apuan Mindanao University of Science and Technology Rubee Ellaine C. Perez University of the Philippines Los Banos Follow this and additional works at: https://archium.ateneo.edu/es-faculty-pubs Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Claveria, R. J. R., Perez, T. R., Apuan, M. J. B., Apuan, D. A., & Perez, R. E. C. (2019). Pteris melanocaulon Fée is an As hyperaccumulator. Chemosphere, 236, 124380. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Environmental Science Department at Archīum Ateneo. It has been accepted for inclusion in Environmental Science Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Archīum Ateneo. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Chemosphere 236 (2019) 124380 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Chemosphere journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chemosphere Short Communication Pteris melanocaulon Fee is an As hyperaccumulator * Rene Juna R. Claveria a, , Teresita R. Perez a, b, Mary Jean B. Apuan c, Dennis A. Apuan d, Rubee Ellaine C. Perez e a Department of Environmental Science, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines b Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines c Xavier University, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines d Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Mindanao University of Science and Technology, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines e National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines at Los Banos,~ Laguna, Philippines highlights P. melanocaulon thrives very well in some CueAu mines in the Philippines. P. melanocaulon is a Cu phytostabilizer and a newly discovered As hyperaccumulator. P. melanocaulon has similar As TF values as P. vittata and P. calomelanos. article info abstract Article history: Pteris melanocaulon is noted to thrive very well in selected CueAu mines in the Philippines such as the Received 26 April 2019 Carmen Cu mine in Cebu and the Manila Mining CueAu mine in Surigao. Soil and plant samples were Received in revised form collected from field surveys as well as potted experiments. The computed bioaccumulation factor (BF) 3 July 2019 and translocation factor (TF) values from the analyses of As contents of the soil and the belowground and Accepted 15 July 2019 above ground components of the plant, apparently were comparable to known As hyperaccumulators Available online 20 July 2019 Pteris vittata and Pityrogramma calomelanos. It is inferred with probability that the factors that influence Handling Editor: T Cutright the bioavailability of As as well as the uptake mechanisms for P. melanocaulon would be similar to the 2 known As hyperaccumulators. Previous works have noted P. melanocaulon as a very good Cu accumulator Keywords: with very high Cu values in the belowground components and this study further identified it to be an Arsenic excellent As hyperaccumulator with high As values in the aboveground components. Hyperaccumulator © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Ferns Bioaccumulation Translocation 1. Introduction is > 1.00 indicating preferential partitioning of metals to the shoot (Baker and Whiting, 2002). The process by which metals from the Hyperaccumulators are conventionally defined as species ground are taken up by plants is called phytoextraction (Anderson capable of accumulating metals at levels 100-fold greater than et al., 1999). The success of phytoextraction depends on the those typically measured in non-accumulator plants (Baker, 2008; bioavailability of metals in the soil and the capacity of plants to Lasat, 2002). The ultimate confirmation of hyperaccumulator sta- accumulate the metals (Japenga et al., 2007). There are a number of tus is based on the following: (a) the plant should be tolerant to ferns identified as As hyperaccumulators and has As accumulated À extremely high concentrations of bioavailable metal while values ranging from 1000 to >2000 mg kg 1. These are Pity- remaining healthy, (b) the metal accumulation is in its shoot or leaf rogramma calomelanos, Pteris vittata, Pteris cretica, Pteris longifolia, tissues in exceptional concentrations relative to other species; and Pteris umbrosia, Pteris biaurita L, Pteris quadriaurita Retz and Pteris (c) the shoot/root or leaf/root quotient for metal concentration ryukyuensis Tagawa to name a few (Rathinasabapathi et al., 2006; Srivastava et al., 2006). The occurrences of Pteris melanocaulon are rather limited to some CueAu mining areas in the provinces of Cebu and Surigao. * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (R.J.R. Claveria). Clusters of P. melanocaulon thrive very well along open slopes https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124380 0045-6535/© 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2 R.J.R. Claveria et al. / Chemosphere 236 (2019) 124380 particularly in open pit mines. Along the open slopes are soils enriched with Cu and other elements such as As and other base metals being products of weathering of the exposed CueAu ores. A previous study on the P. melanocaulon growing in an open pit mine in Surigao indicated the efficient capability of the plant in accu- mulating Cu into the belowground (BG) components particularly the root system than translocating the Cu into the aboveground (AG) components such as the stem and leaves thus classifying it to be a phytostabilizer (De la Torre et al., 2014). There are a number of fern species that were also identified as Cu phytostabilizers with their roots containing higher amounts of Cu than the shoots. Ex- amples of these are Dennstaedtia davallioides and Hypolepis muelleri both of the Family Dennstaedtiaceae, Nephrolepis cordifolia of the Family Nephrolepidaceae (Kachenko et al., 2006), Pityrogramma calomelanos of the Family Pteridaceae (Dahilan and Dalagan, 2017) and Athyrium yokoscense of the Family Athyriaceae (Nishizono et al., 1987). Being an indigenous fern and grows well in metal enriched soils, there was a need to assess further the extraction efficiency of P. melanocaulon not for Cu but for other elements such as As. The objective of the study is to determine whether P. melanocaulon being an efficient Cu accumulator is also an As hyperaccumulator. 2. Materials and methods Fig. 1. a) Geographic location of the different mining study sites in the provinces of Benguet, Cebu and Surigao. b), c), d) and e) the sampling sites at Carmen Cu mine in Field surveys were done in selected CueAu mines in the prov- Cebu. f), g), h), i) and j) sampling sites at Manila Mining CueAu mine in Surigao. inces of Benguet, Cebu and Surigao (Fig. 1). In Benguet, only Photographs of the open pit mines as well as P. melanocaulon and associated P. calomelanos. The ferns thrive very well in relatively Cu and As enriched soils. The P. vittata and P. calomelanos were observed to grow together while Philippine map was modified after De la Torre et al. (2014). in Cebu and Surigao, P. melanocaulon was noted to thrive very well with the 2 other ferns. Samples of P. melanocaulon as well as P. vittata and P. calomelanos were gathered taking into consider- potential of P. melanocaulon with those of P. vittata and ation the roots, stem and leaves of the plants as well as the soil from P. calomelanos. which the plants have grown. Potted experiments on The results (data) of analyses were statistically processed using P. melanocaulon were also done following appropriate propagation Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine significant differences protocols (e.g. Apuan et al., 2016). In the different setups, the or- of values among plant species. Significant differences were identi- dinary uncontaminated soils were conditioned with varying con- fied with r values < 0.05. With notable significant differences, the centrations of sodium arsenate solution (0, 500, 1000 and data were presented in boxplots to appreciate the differences and À 2000 mg kg 1). After 5 growth weeks’ growth, no toxicity symp- distribution. The absolute values were transformed to logarithmic toms were observed from which representative samples of the values in order to appreciate the distribution of high and low plant and soil were gathered for analysis. The samples collected values. from the field surveys and potted experiments were subjected to appropriate sample preparation protocols (Kalra, 1989; Wei and Chen, 2006). The plant samples were discriminated as roots, to 3. Results and discussions represent the BG components and as stem and leaves to represent the AG components. Representative samples (of the soil and plant 3.1. Field survey components) were sent to chemical laboratories for As analyses. The analytical method in determining As content is ashing-acid In the Carmen Cu mine in Cebu and in the Manila Mining CueAu digestion/hydride vapor generation Atomic Absorption Spectro- mine in Surigao, P. melanocaulon thrived relatively well along open- photometry (Association of Official Analytical Chemist Analysis pit benches and walls and abandoned tailings ponds overlain by (AOAC) AOAC International, 2012). soils derived from the weathering of mineralized host rocks. The À From the results of the As analysis, the Bioaccumulation Factor soils contain As values ranging from a low 2.23 mg kg 1 to a high À À (BF) and the Translocation Factor (TF) were calculated using the 100 mg kg 1 with an average of about 29.36 ± 26.75 mg kg 1. Other ratio between plant and soil (BF ¼ Plant/Soil) and the ratio between indigenous ferns such as P. vittata and P. calomelanos were noted to the AG and BG components (TF ¼ AG/BG) (Claveria et al., 2019; Wei grow and flourish with P. melanocaulon in the different mine sites. and Chen, 2006). For plants to show capability of extracting As, they The As values in the BG components of P.