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August 19, 1983 A Journal of Free Voices 75C

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Sorting It All Out

By Geoffrey Rips and Joe Holley

Austin

LINTON MANGES has nothing to do with an il- legal lease that was signed in 1925. Clinton Manges has nothing to do with what Mobil Oil owes us. Jim Mattox's sister doesn't have anything to do with it. The USFL football team doesn't have anything to do with it. That U a) judge down in Laredo don't (sic) have C anything to do with it. What it has to do with is whether or not they've got a C lease." Land Commissioner Garry Mauro was angry -- angry with the way Mobil Oil C c■2 (Continued on Page 4)

In This Issue:

Feminism and the Dugger on Dobie, L Arms Race Bedichek, and Webb FOE • PAGE TWO •

Take The Money feamme I :I't t1111111111',94/ ""1.1 And Run?

THE Austin TEXAS B S ERvER © The Texas Observer Publishing Co., 1983 HE BATTLE-SCARRED Texas liberal leaned across the Ronnie Dugger, Publisher table and spoke with deep conviction. "Maloney/Manges Vol. 75, No. 16 T is the difference," he said. "Otherwise we'd be where 7' °` August 19, 1983 we were in 1962. What we set out to do fifteen years ago, we've Incorporating the State Observer and the East Texas Democrat, done. It took candidates who understood they had to have which in turn incorporated the Austin Forum-Advocate. money." EDITOR Joe Holley Earlier that morning we had heard one of those candidates, ASSOCIATE EDITOR Geoffrey Rips Attorney General Jim Mattox, zealot's eyes flashing, East Texas EDITOR AT LARGE Ronnie Dugger twang ringing with a Baptist preacher's passion, call down judg- CALENDAR: Chula Sims ment on Mobil Oil. Maybe a boycott of Mobil products is what STAFF REPORTER: Chan McDermott WASHINGTON CORRESPONDENTS: Amy Cunningham, Al Watkins we need, he had said; "Give 'em hell, Jim!" his AFL-CIO au- SOUTHERN CORRESPONDENT: Bob Sherrill dience had responded. Afterward we listened as the AG stood LAYOUT AND DESIGN: Alicia Daniel midst a knot of reporters and answered questions about Clin- EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Frances Barton, Austin; Elroy Bode, Kerr- ville; Chandler Davidson. Houston; Bob Eckhardt, Washington, D.C.; Sissy ton Manges and boycotts and Seattle-First National Bank and Farenthold, Houston; Ruperto Garcia, Austin; John Kenneth Galbraith, Cam- whether or not he might be forced to resign. bridge, Mass.; Lawrence Goodwyn, Durham, N.C.; George Hendrick, Urbana, Ill.; Molly Ivins, Dallas; Larry L. King, Washington, D.C.; Maury Maverick, "What's it all mean?" I asked the veteran. He said he'd been Jr., San Antonio; Willie Morris, Oxford, Miss.; Kaye Northcott, Austin; James thinking about that and had decided that the key to the whole Presley, Texarkana, Tx.; Susan Reid, Austin; A. R. (Babe) Schwartz, Galveston; Fred Schmidt, Tehachapi, Cal. thing was money, money from Manges and Pat Maloney and CONTRIBUTING WRITERS: Warren Burnett, Nina Butts, Jo Clifton, Craig others that at last had opened the front door for progressive can- Clifford, John Henry Faulk, Ed Garcia, Bill Helmer, Jack Hopper, Amy Johnson, didates like Mattox. And now Mobil, he was convinced, was Laurence Jolidon, Mary Lenz, Matt Lyon, Greg Moses, Rick Piltz, Susan Raleigh, fighting back. Paul Sweeney, Lawrence Walsh. CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHERS: Alan Pogue, Russell Lee, Scot/ Van The veteran, who cut his teeth on the Yarborough races in Osdol. the 1950s, who saw his man Don Yarborough lose a close one CONTRIBUTING ARTISTS: Jeff Danziger, Dan Hubig, Kevin Krenek, Ben to John Connally in 1962, who saw his man John Hill lose an Sargent, Gail Woods. even closer one to a Republican fat cat in 1978, saw it finally A journal of free voices come together in 1982. He harbors no illusions about why it happened. We will serve no group or party but will hew hard to the truth as we find "In the past we never knew what it would cost and how we it and the right as we see it We are dedicated to the whole truth, to human values above all interests, to the rights of humankind as the foundation of were going to spend it," he said. "This time all the guys [the democracy: we will take orders from none but our own conscience, and never Democratic nominees in 1982] had enough experience to know will we overlook or misrepresent the truth to serve the interests of the power- what it took. We still lacked the element of where the money ful or cater to the ignoble in the human spirit. Writers are responsible for their own work, but not for anything they have was coming from. For Hightower, Mauro, and Mattox, the not themselves written, and in publishing them we do not necessarily imply money came from Manges and [Billy] Goldberg. Ann Richards that we agree with them because this is a journal of free voices. had some other sources. Maloney and Goldberg signed the notes at United Bank. Otherwise we'd have Ogg, Snelson, and Hard- Business Manager Frances Barton ing; Hightower, we probably would have had anyway. Assistant Alicia Daniel Advertising, Special Projects Cliff Olofson "We've also changed the Supreme Court," he said. "We finally decided, we'll just buy the SOBs; the Trial Lawyers put Editorial and Business Office 600 West 7th Street, Austin, Texas 78701 up the money. It's been good for the people. It's changed the (512) 477-0746 laws so that a guy who sues a company can be heard in court. The Texas Observer (ISSN 0040-4519) is published biweekly except for a three-week interval Finally there's some equity. Because of the economic situation, between issues in January and July (25 issues per year) by the Texas Observer Publishing Co., 600 it's hard to find equity." West 7th Street, Austin, Texas 78701, (512) 477-0746. Second class postage paid at Austin, Texas. Single copy (current or back issue) 75c prepaid. One year, $20: two years, $38; three years, About South Texas wheeler-dealer Manges, he said, "Manges $56. One year rate for full-time students, $13. Airmail, foreign, group, and bulk rates on request. Microfilm editions available from University Microfilms Intl., 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, has a hatred for the establishment. They're no-good pricks, you Michigan 48106. can't deal with 'em, and you ought to kick 'em where it hurts Copyright 1983 by Texas Observer Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Material may not be reproduced without permission. when you get a chance. Manges has fought 'em, and he's fought POSTMASTER: Send form 3579 to: 600 West 7th Street, Austin, Texas 78701. 'em dirty." "Pat Maloney and Billy Goldberg have changed the complex-

2 AUGUST 19, 1983 ion of this state by providing the money to the professionals the guys who have the money to begin with, will figure out a of this state to put together the candidates who can win. way to bend the rules, will put their money to work unforming "Politics is to win," he said. "Somebody's gotta come up the reforms? What you do instead is fight them on their turf, with the money. Those of us who fight that battle, we take it play by their rules, and you fight to win. And what was it Vince where we can get it." Lombardi said? The veteran leaned back in his chair and was silent a mo- Now, two weeks later, I've changed my mind again, reluc- ment. He's been in bad health and was obviously tired. In a tantly. It's more fun to be gung-ho, of course. It's more fun softer voice he said, almost to himself, "You just gotta know to swing for the fences than fiddle with the rules. But recalling how hard it is to get the money." all the conversations about campaign finance reform I've had He convinced me. Who am I, I was thinking as he talked, with John Hildreth of Common Cause, I realized once again to sit on the sidelines sniping at people who are finally getting that we can't go on this way. The money madness endemic to things done? So what if it takes money, obscene amounts? If modern American politics is undermining nothing less than you get the money — some way, any way — and if you know democracy itself. We're driving away potentially qualified can- what to do with it, then you win. And if you win, you can do didates, we're diverting energy and intelligence from vital something, you get a chance to make some changes. Jim issues, we're breeding a cynicism among the electorate that no Hightower knows, and so does Jim Mattox and Ann Richards democratic society can long tolerate. Reform is imperative. John and Garry Mauro. Tower, by the way, said today, he's raised $4.4 million for next Real men not only don't eat quiche, I was thinking; real men year's re-election bid. He says he'll need seven or eight million. don't reform. Who has time to reform when the other guys, J.H. DIALOGUE <>

the race. At UT the liberal arts have been Secondly, you state that such reform swamped by computer sciences, which was of high priority for Doggett as well teach how to count big money fast. The as Maddox (sic). If anyone had checked, UT & MCC least spark of critical thinking among you would have seen that S.B. 1414 was UT's decision-makers would have kin- filed in May. Does it make sense to place Now that the great robbery of the peo- dled a flame of indignation against the top priority on a bill and file it in the last ple's train has brought MCC to Austin, great train robbery. month of a slow moving session? maybe we can at least get rid of some of But UT is, a great man said, the peo- I am pleased that the Department of the fatuous nonsense which rich Texans ple. Tell that to the poor folks in East Human Resources and the Department of and their flunkies like to talk. Austin, whom the expanding University Health are now implementing HB 2288 Let's have no more attacks on ac- kicked out of their homes while it was by administrative change. It is just a tivists, militants, radicals, revolu- giving twenty acres (with lots of other shame that they had this power for so tionaries, no more praise of conser- freebies) to MCC. If the dispossessed long and refused to exercise it until the vatives. The high-tech crowd who staged people can believe that the people Legislature tried to do it for them. this heist wants to change the very form dispossessed them, they can also believe Doggett and Maddox (sic) are great and texture of our lives — for their own that rich Texans and their flunkies love statesmen. It would have been nice to profit. They aren't conservatives but liberty and equality. have their help in January and February. radical revolutionaries. If he loaded his guns with megabucks, Perhaps something would have passed. Let's have no more praise of free today's Texans would give Santa Anna James F. Hury, Jr., State Represen- enterprise unhampered by government the Alamo and make him Slick Tom tative, Box 2910, Austin, Texas 78769 intervention. The only thing free about Centennial Professor of World Peace. this enterprise was the people's proper- James Sledd, P.O. Box 5311, Austin, ty, which UT gave away. Business is now Texas 78763 government, and government is business Reagan Callous — of, by, and for big businessmen. I have just watched the Jessica Let's hear nothing more about high Savitch program on PBS which shows tech for national defense. Our national Hury Disagrees the unprecedented extremes to which defense is not defense of the nation but I enjoyed your June 24th Issue about the Reagan Administration has gone to defense of the nation's rich, the bullying, the Texas Legislature. At two places you disqualify, from Disability Social swag-bellied corporations whose one make statements concerning the attempt Security benefits, thousands of men and concern is the accountant's bottom line. at nursing home reform by the Legisla- women whose physical and mental con- Devotees of national security are destroy- ture. You must think it an important topic dition are so grossly abnormal as to ing the nation which the founding fathers since it was listed as a significant vote by render them devoid of any ability to function in any form of employment. founded. your publication. You state that the Dog- Out at UT, let's hear no more about gett bill was "much stronger than the I cannot recall our country ever be- the liberal arts which educate for Hury bill." It did indeed start out that ing this cruel, insensitive, and callous freedom. The liberal arts, we're told, way. If you could only check the draft about its poor, its disabled, and its elderly. Why can we not be like we teach critical thinking, nourish the roots that passed, you would find that all of our culture, preserve the wisdom of "Shall's" were changed to "may's." (Continued on Page 22) THE TEXAS OBSERVER 3 (Continued from Page 1) power in the state. It is a story with roots dollars researching drilling records, the Mobil in the energy exploitation of the state in combative South Texas oilman and and its attorney Thomas McDade of the first part of this century and in the rancher was convinced that the terms of Fulbright & Jaworski are trying the case latter-day fiefdom of Duval County. It is decades-old oil leases on land he owned of the State of Texas vs. Mobil Oil on its a story that suggests the beginnings of a in Duval and Webb Counties had been "political merits" rather than legal full-scale struggle for power and in- violated. Early in 1982, he began urging merits, angry with the way the press 'has, fluence in a state that experienced a the state to join his efforts to break leases in his opinion, served Mobil's purposes. dramatic shift in the balance of political held by both Mobil and Exxon on land Flanked by General Land Office at- power as a result of the November 1982 he bought in 1971. He had a pretty good torneys Jim Phillips and Jack Giberson, elections. case, he told then-Land Commissioner Mauro made sure the interview in his of- The story begins with Clinton Manges. Bob Armstrong, but you all [the state], fice with the Texas Observer was taped After spending at least half a million he insisted, have an absolute case. so there would be no misunderstandings about what he was saying. "It's my opinion," Mauro continued, "that every single time that the newspapers, the grand juries, anybody else, talk about anything else, it's to the detriment of the state. It's going to be 1. Mineral Rights very difficult for the state to ever find a jury that will go back and talk about the leases. If they ever talk about the leases, we'll win a substantial settlement for the O UNDERSTAND the case, it is state of Texas." useful to know something about T the Relinquishment Act for oil Regardless of the outcome, the facts and gas mineral rights. As might be ex- in the case are relatively clearcut. The pected, these mineral rights have been a people and forces surrounding the case, matter of serious contention during the however, present anything but a simple past century of Texas development. picture. South Texas oilman and rancher Clinton Manges (who did not respond to Until 1866, the state retained the the Observer's request for an interview) mineral rights to all lands deeded in may be right when he says the Mobil case Texas, except for those lands on which involves nothing less than control of the the mineral rights were specifically given state of Texas. It's the big guys against to the grantee. This was true of lands granted by Spain, Mexico, the Republic the little guys, Goliath against David, ac- GARRY MAURO cording to Manges. Though he stands to of Texas, and by the State of Texas. In make millions if the case goes his way, the state's Constitution of 1866, To begin to rectify the situation, Com- Manges counts himself among the little however, the state relinquished to the missioner Rogan attached a mineral guys — "smaller than David," he told landowner its rights to the minerals. This classification to land held in the Trans- the Laredo News. provision was incorporated in the Con- Pecos mining district and in the oil-rich stitution of 1876 and was considered coastal plain and set minimum prices for What follows is an attempt to examine retroactive. All land deeded prior to the purchase of surface rights, thereby re- the personalities and powers that have 1876, therefore, carried with it the deed taining mineral rights for 7.4 million come into play in the Mobil case. It is to the mineral rights. The Mineral and acres. Rogan's action was written into the a story of big oil and big business, as well Mining Act of 1895 was added to the law by the Land Sales Act of 1907. as a story of the exercise of new political Texas Civil Statutes, making the owners There was good reason for the state to of land purchased prior to September 1, start worrying about its mineral rights. 1895, the owners of their property's While the 1876 Constitution had provid- mineral rights, unless the state had ex- ed for the proceeds of half the remain- pressly reserved those rights. ing public domain lands to go to the Per- With this act, the state began express- manent School Fund, it was discovered ly reserving those rights on a portion of in 1899 that more than half of these lands the land still in the public domain, had been sold. The proceeds from the re- creating what is called "minerally maining public lands (some 47 million classified" lands. In 1900, however, acres) then were mandated by the Act of Land Commissioner Charles Rogan February 23, 1900, to go to the Perma- found this practice to be defective in that nent School Fund, including the mineral very little of the state's land had been so rights on the remaining acres of minerally BEHIND THE TARPON INN classfied, and a great deal of potential classified lands. And these mineral rights PORT ARANSAS — OPEN DAILY mineral land had been sold off as were becoming potentially more and agricultural land without the state's reten- more valuable. In 1895, the first impor- —Fresh Drinks and Great Jazz— tion of the mineral rights. Rogan's suc- tant oil-producing field in the state blew New Appearing, BU PLEASANT cessor, Commissioner John J.. Terrell, in near Corsicana. In 1903 the Batson Jazz Pianist — Wed. to Sat. called the Mining Act of 1895, "an act Field in Hardin County produced the first (512) 749-5555 to authorize persons to rob our public big return for the Permanent School free school fund at their own pleasure." Fund.

4 AUGUST 19, 1983 In 1919, the 36th Legislature passed 1918 and 1920, the General Land Office the Relinquishment Act in order to create issued prospecting permits for oil and gas a partnership between the surface land on 5,393,254 acres. Over a half million owner and the state for oil and gas on acres were under lease by 1926. In 1913, lands where the state owned the mineral the Permanent School Fund was rights. This act was interpreted by the $19,377,000, while sixty years later it State Supreme Court in Green v. Robison amounted to $955,313,665. On May 29, in 1928 to mean the surface owner of 1931, the Free Royalty Sales and Leas- minerally-classified lands acts as leasing ing Act was enacted, eclipsing the Relin- agent for the state. In return, the owner quishment Act for the sale of remaining receives one-half the bonus, one-half the state lands. rental, and one-half the royalty from the The Relinquishment Act, therefore, oil or gas lease. After the surface owner applied to state lands sold between negotiates the lease, it is submitted to the September 1, 1895, and May 29, 1931. Land Commissioner, who must be satis- The final 14,720 acres of the 64,646-acre Mobil oil assembly fied with the terms of the lease, making lease on the Duval County Ranch Co. sure the state is getting true value for the of all U.S. nu- property, a lease signed on March 3, clear weapons takes lease. If the Commissioner is satisfied, 1925, by oil companies that became part the lease is then filed. place in the Texas Panhandle. Hous- of Mobil, are Relinquishment Act lands, ton has more oil company headquar- The minerally-classified lands proved on which the state owns the mineral ters than any other city in the world. a boon for the school funds. Between rights. The whole state reeks of Sunbelt boosters, strident anti-unionists, po- litical hucksters, and new industry and money.

THIS IS THE LOOK OF TEXAS TODAY and the Texas Observer has its independent eye on all of it. 2. Texas v. Mobil We offer the latest in corporate scams and political scandals as well as articles on those who have other, HE STATE'S case, then, is based It is the state's contention that Mobil and more humane, visions of what on its claims under the Relin- can't have it both ways. Mobil either our state can be. Become an Ob- T quishment Act. According to the owes the state money for royalties from server subscriber today, order a gift attorneys in the Land Office and the At- oil production on the entire 64,000 acres for a friend, or instruct us to enter a torney General's Office, the case is close or Mobil owes the state for not living up library subscription under your pa- to being airtight in the state's favor. to the development clauses for the state tronage. The facts, as presented by the state, are lands taken separately. According to as follows: In 1925, the Vacuum Oil Manges' records, the lease may have lapsed as early as 1932, and so the money Company, later to become part of what Send the Observer to — is now Mobil, signed as oil lease for both owed the state would be considerable. Mobil now pays a one-eighth royalty on publicly-owned and privately-owned name lands making up over 64,000 acres. Since its oil lease, as it did in 1925. If it has there was a law in effect until 1951 that broken its lease, however, a new lease would require one-fourth royalty under prohibited unitizing, or pooling, state address lands and private lands, the lease as writ- current law. Since all proceeds from the ten presents a problem for Mobil Oil. If state's minerally-classified lands were the law prohibiting unitization is ignored designated to go to the Permanent School city state zip for the sake of the lease, then the state Fund, the state's school systems stand to be the big winners in any large settlement O this subscription is for myself is due its share of the royalties on all the O gift subscription; send card in my name production of the remaining 49,000 acres or judgment. Manges says that, in addi- O $20'enclosed for a one-year subscription O bill me for $20 of privately owned land in the lease, a tion, there were many lapses in drilling share it has not received. But, if the law on the private land and that he is thus My name & address (if different) — is not ignored, the state land has to be owed money for violations of the lease as well as for being the state's agent on treated separately from the private land. name The lease, however, contained develop- the public lands. ment clauses which required that after the Mobil, on the other hand, disputes the first seven years of the lease no more than alleged 90-day lapses and says both the address ninety days could elapse after the drill- state and Manges have ratified the lease ing of one well was completed before a in various documents signed over the

new well was drilled on the lease. Among years. One of these "ratifications" is a city state zip the records in the abstract Manges spent letter sent by former Land Commissioner several hundred thousand dollars to ob- Jerry Sadler, while in office, tain are those allegedly showing that acknowledging the lease. "But that," THE TEXAS OBSERVER Mobil had not fulfilled the development says current Commissioner Mauro, "is 600 W. 7th, Austin, Texas 78701 clauses on the state land. not legally binding on anybody, and

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 5 Mobil knows it, and they don't talk about Meanwhile, Mark White, at the urg- & Jaworski, as special assistants. On it very often." ing of Armstrong, began to investigate April 5, 1983, White named Thomas It is Mauro's contention that the state the case. During the last days of his term McDade, Fulbright & Jaworski counsel has a much better case than Manges as attorney general, he brought in Pike in the Mobil case, to the board of the because the state is not restricted by a Powers of Fulbright & Jaworski to try to Texas Department of Corrections. statute of limitations, which may hurt negotiate a settlement between the state Manges, and the state has "never at- and Mobil, which was by then being When Land Commissioner Garry tempted to ratify further leases, with represented by Fulbright & Jaworski. Mauro and Attorney General Jim Mat- which Manges has got a problem." "We When no settlement was reached, White tox assumed office in 1983, they also did not intervene on his [Manges'] filed suit on behalf of the state on assumed responsibility for the state's case behalf," Mauro told the Observer. "We December 31, 1982, his last day in of- against Mobil. They brought with them have a much better case than Clinton fice as attorney general. When he became an aggressiveness in such matters not Manges and we have a very strong case." governor, White appointed Powers and seen in their predecessors as well as Mauro is convinced that Mobil also Shannon Ratliff, both members of his political ties, which they shared with knows the state has a good case. On July campaign staff and both from Fulbright Armstrong, to Clinton Manges. 7, 1982, Clinton Manges filed suit for $1.7 billion in Laredo against a group of leaseholders, the largest being Mobil. On August 2, 1982, then-Land Commissioner Bob Armstrong wrote a letter to Attorney General Mark White, requesting that 3. Clinton Manges White join the suit on behalf of the state. Later that same month, former UT Board Pat Maloney, his former attorney, Chairman and old John Connally friend political confidant, and on-again-off- Torn Sealy, representing Mobil, made a again USFL franchise partner, settlement offer to the Land Office, say- characterizes him, "Clinton has a ing Mobil would give up oil leases on Depression-era mentality. He's never 6,300 of the state's nearly 15,000 acres. forgotten what it's like to go without." "I think 1,800 acres of it actually had Over the years, Manges has operated a producing wells," Mauro explained to sheep ranch, a brokerage firm, a cotton the Observer. "That tells you that they've gin, and a bowling alley. In the 1950s, got a problem when they're actually will- he began making land deals for McAllen ing to give us land with producing oil and financier Vannie Cook, Jr. , and Lloyd gas wells on it. That was their opening Bentsen, Sr., and reportedly made a great offer." Mobil replaced Sealy shortly deal of money for them. Manges took thereafter when he publicly allied himself partial payment in modest commissions, with Governor Bill Clements' re-election but even more valuable to him were op- campaign against Mark White. portunities to make deals for himself. "Clinton's a genius," Maloney says, "A trader. He knows how to assess a situa- tion. Nobody knows more about the value of land, oil, and gas than him." CLINTON MANGES Manges hit it big in 1968, when, representing himself and Cook, he got in- at's ccy OU CAN SAY good things volved in a dispute among the heirs of About? about Clinton Manges, M. P. Guerra in Starr County; four It 1 you can say bad things brothers and a sister who were fighting about Clinton Manges," Garry Mauro Parisian Charm. Omelette & over an undivided 72,000-acre Spanish told the Observer, "but what you've got Champagne Breakfast. Beautiful land grant left by their father. Manges Crepes. Afternoon Cocktails. to say about Clinton Manges is that he's dealt with two of the brothers, who of- Gallant Waiters. Delicious one of the most aggressive landowners fered to sell their share to Cook at $34 Quiche. Evening Romance. in terms of wanting his lands developed an acre. Cook reportedly felt it was too Continental Steaks. Mysterious for oil and gas purposes. So what he has tangled to mess with. Manges didn't, so Women. Famous Pastries. done is he has aggressively gone back and he bought out the two Guerras himself. Cognac & Midnight Rendezvous. looked at all his leases, all his geological (Cook later charged that Manges had In short, it's about everything prospects, and insisted on people reneged on a deal that would have includ- a great European style developing his land. Fortunately, about ed Cook in the purchase, an accusation restaurant is all about. a third of his lands are also minerally- that was not settled until 1982.) The other classified lands, where we own the heirs objected to the deal, but Manges got pganasdt mineral rights and he is our agent. So a district court in Starr County to appoint he's been very aggressive in that area for a receiver — then-state Sen. Jim Bates of us." Edinburg — to oversee the breakup of the Clinton Manges has been very ag- 31 0 East 6th St. Guerra estate. On March 31, 1969, Austin, Texas gressive, period. Now 60, he grew up Manges got the two Guerras who had poor in Junction and Aransas Pass. As sold to him to tender a deed to the entire

6 AUGUST 19, 1983 ranch. He also assumed control of the transferred. Conveniently, a new court County patron George Parr. (Parr and First State Bank of Rio Grande City, a and judge appeared on the scene at just Manges were also associates; see box, p. bank the Guerras owned. this moment. In 1969, a new judicial 7). 0. P. Carrillo, Oscar's brother, was Manges' efforts to take over the district comprising Duval, Starr, and Jim elected judge and took office on Jan. 1, Guerra estate were later challenged in Hogg counties was drawn up by the 1971. court on the grounds that the assets of an Legislature at the behest of Rep. Oscar Judge Carrillo was soon on the board estate in receiveship could not be Carrillo, a close associate of Duval of directors of the Manges-owned bank in Rio Grande City, he was transporting himself in a Cadillac Manges helped him purchase, and he was grazing his cattle New Duke of Duval? on Manges-owned land leased at bargain rates. On Feb. 10, 1971, Judge Carrillo HILE MOST Texans Parr had approved a 75% tax reduc- ruled that Manges had rights to 40,000 probably recognize the tion on Manges' Duval County acres of Guerra land. That same day, W name Clinton Manges Ranch Co. property. Manges used the land as collateral for a from recent stories about the United At the same time, however, loan of $6.9 million from the Bank of the States Football League, Observer Manges seemed also to be sidling up Southwest. He used that money to gain readers may remember his appear- to the Carrillos. When State District control of the 100,000-acre Duval Coun- ing as a kind of shadow figure Judge 0. P. Carrillo ordered the ty Ranch Co. throughout the battles in the last dismissal of County Judge Archer Carrillo was removed in 1973 as the years of the reign of the Duke of Parr and staged a purge of the judge overseeing the Guerra receiver- Duval. Benavides School Board, he re- ship. Three years later he was impeached Manges first showed up on these placed board president M. K. Ber- and removed from office.* Also in 1976, pages as a contributor of $15,000 in caw, a Parr man, with Morris the state banking commissioner closed cash to the gubernatorial campaign Ashby, executive vice president of the Manges-controlled First State Bank of Dolph Briscoe in 1972. He Manges' Duval County Ranch. and Trust in Rio Grande City (see TO, reportedly drove up to Briscoe's George Parr later said that Mang,es 11/26/76). Despite his problems — the ranch foreman in Uvalde, handed wanted Bercaw dismissed because dispute with the Guerra family, for ex- him the money, and drove off. Bercaw would not raise the salary of ample, is still in litigation — Manges Briscoe never reported the contribu- the Freer football coach. Apparent- maintained control of the Guerra land and tion, and, when it was being in- ly Manges' enthusiasm for football the Duval County Ranch Co. They re- vestigated two years later, Briscoe (his son played on the Freer team) main the cornerstone of his empire. contended that he had been trying to was a complicating factor in his *One of the many ironies of the Mobil case is that give the money back but had had a political life a decade before the Carrillo was at that time represented by Arthur hard time locating Manges. During negotiations among Manges' South Mitchell, now Special Counsel in Mattox's office that investigation, Bob Bullock — Texas Sports, Inc., the USFL, and and assigned to the Mobil case. Mitchell was forc- the City of San Antonio. ed to sue Manges, who was paying Carrillo's legal between stints as Secretary of State expenses, for his attorney's fee. Mitchell later said and State Comptroller — acted as By March 25, 1975, George Parr Manges does not pay lawyers or creditors until Manges' attorney, a role he played had come to believe that Manges was sued. off and on for Manges since the allied with those working against 1950s when Bullock began practice him. At a press conference less than as an attorney in McAllen. a week before his suicide, Parr stated The $10 But it was Manges' somewhat that he believed Manges had directed Program the Carrillos in their opposition to elusive role in the war between the We invite organizations and individuals Parrs and the Carrillos in 1974 and the Parrs. He also claimed that there to sell new one-year Observer subscrip- 1975 that first catapulted him into had been a connection between tions. For each subscription the selling or- political prominence. In the April Manges and Diamond Jim Bates, the ganization or individual will receive $10 special prosecutor for the grand jury commission. 25, 1975 Observer, Kay Northcott Like most publications, the Observer reported that state Rep. Oscar Car- that had indicted Archer Parr. When spends almost that obtaining a new sub- rillo formally announced the split be- the convicted Archer Parr was scription by mail. We prefer, however, tween the Carrillos and the Parrs in brought before a grand jury later that that the money go to hard-working groups summer in Hebbronville in a civil or individuals instead of to the post office a March 1974 press conference, dur- and paper companies. ing which he accused George Parr suit brought to remove Parr from of- fice, Jose F. Nichols, foreman of Organizations and individuals au- of forming a alliance with Manges thorized to sell subscriptions under the and Coastal States' Oscar Wyatt, Jr. Manges' ranch, served as grand jury program will be provided with forms and Parr responded: "Don't give crows foreman. sample copies. The only requirement is wings because they'll pick your eyes In his March 25, 1975, press con- that individuals who wish to try this must ference, George Parr speculated that have their own subscription paid up at the out." Nevertheless, it was a fact that regular $20 rate. Commissions on sub- Manges had put up $250,000 in bail Manges would no more be able to scriptions to be billed will be paid on re- bonds and court costs to keep take over Duval County "than I can ceipt of the bill payment. Neither renewals George (convicted of income tax go have wings and fly to heaven." nor subscriptions for a period shorter than evasion and perjury) and nephew But it may have been from the ashes a year receive commissions. of the Parr-Carrillo battles that Clin- If you want to take part in this program, Archer Parr (convicted of lying to a contact the Observer at 600 W. 7th St., federal grand jury) out of jail in ton Manges, like a phoenix, took Austin, Tx. 78701, or phone 512-477-0746. 1974. While county judge, Archer flight. No PAC's or campaigns, please.

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 4. The Mobil Response

" LINTON [MANGES] was Texas is considering taking over the a convenient complain- process as a public service — it's also C ant," attorney Pat Ma- very lucrative. (Pat Maloney termed the loney told the Observer in a discussion bond business "a legal bonanza. A com- about the Mobil case. "It's an open petent legal secretary could do it.") At secret they [the big oil companies] vio- the time of the alleged Mattox threat, the lated their leases forever. It's an old and largest bond issue being handled by the sick pattern. . . . We could go after Fulbright firm that was awaiting the at- lease after lease, but Manges had one torney general's approval was $329.8 million bucks to develop the case." million in bonds for a lignite plant to be does admit to telling McDade he's keep- (Maloney has withdrawn from the case, constructed by the Lower Colorado River ing Fulbright & Jaworski's bond business claiming the issues are so clearcut that Authority. At the approximate time that under close scrutiny. it's not a challenge to him. His son and McDade says the threats were made, the Mattox and his attorney Mitchell also daughter-in-law, Michael and Marynell firm was also bond counsel for the cities contend that McDade never came to Maloney, as well as McAllen attorney of Midland, Bedford, Plano, Terrell, and Austin to speak with Mitchell about the Morris Atlas, now represent Manges in Stephenville; for school districts in New the case.) threat. A lawyer with Fulbright & Jawor- Braunfels, Crockett County, Rockwall, ski also told the Both Manges and Mattox, as well as and Oakwood; and for the counties of Fort Worth Star- Telegram that the meeting never took Garry Mauro, insist that Mobil knows it Comal, Lavaca, Liberty, and Webb. place. doesn't have a case and that the giant McDade said Mattox threatened him Mattox told the Observer corporation is, therefore, trying the case because McDade wanted to question he thinks McDade is afraid of losing his client and in the media, not in the courtroom. Mattox's sister, Janice Mattox, about a that the tactics McDade has employed are "You have to understand this," Mauro loan from Seattle-First National Bank. his alone, not necessarily Mobil's. Mauro explained. "Mobil has never attempted He said Mattox threatened to delay the told the Observer, "Just for the record to handle this as a legal case. They have LCRA bond sale, but that the threat was politicized this from the word 'Go.' " . . . I think a good part of McDade's tim- dropped after he went to Austin to speak ing on this lawsuit appearing in the press "Mobil's whole scheme is to delay their with Mattox's general counsel Arthur was because he was trying to get control lawsuit," Mattox told the Observer. Mitchell and agreed to allow another of the case internally in the Mobil work- "McDade knows this case will be settl- lawyer representing Mobil to question ed at the appellate level, and he says he Janice Mattox. ings. There's no doubt in my mind that can't get a fair trial in the appeals court right now McDade is not the lead at- Mattox has denied making the threat torney for Mobil. John Camp is. What or at the Supreme Court, so he's using and has told the Observer delaying tactics." he hopes he wanted to do was become the lead at- McDade taped the telephone conversa- torney again. The best way to do that suc- What Mattox calls "delaying tactics" tion in question because it will show that cessfully was to try the case in the involve the following: McDade actually threatened him. He newspapers. " • Fulbright & Jaworski, representing Mobil, has accused Mattox of threaten- ing the firm's bond business; • A Travis County grand jury is con- 5. A Word About Mobil tinuing inquiries into the reported ERHAPS threats as well as into accusations of im- MAURO and Mattox are pany of Texas had bought the Corsicana right; perhaps we are watching proper connections between Mattox's Petroleum Company, Socony purchased campaign for attorney general and bank p McDade's strategy, not Mobil's; Magnolia. In 1931, Socony merged with loans to relatives; nevertheless, such tactics wouldn't be out Vacuum Oil Company to form Socony- of character for Mobil, maybe the most • Mobil is trying to have state District Mobil, with Magnolia as an affiliate. aggressive and most public-opinion- Socony-Vacuum later became Socony- Judge Ruben Garcia of Laredo removed oriented of big oil's Seven Sisters. from handling the case by charging that Mobil, then Mobil. It was Vacuum Oil he has ties to Manges. One reason for Mobil's aggressive Company that in 1925 signed the original tendencies is its traditional oil oil lease with the Duval County Ranch It was Mobil attorney McDade who voraciousness. With the breakup of the Co. accused Mattox of threatening Fulbright Rockefeller Standard Oil, Standard Oil Oil hunger, however, is not the only & Jaworski's governmental bond Company of New York (Socony) — business. Fulbright & Jaworski is one of manifestation of Mobil's aggressive Mobil's first incarnation — found itself nature. In the last five years, Mobil has a handful of law firms in the state with a large overseas market but with authorized to assist taxing authorities in poured over $20 million per year into a limited crude oil reserves, based as it was public relations campaign to promote its issuing bonds. Although it's a simple in New York. In December, 1925, short- process — so simple, in fact, the state of own interests while couching those in- ly after the Magnolia Petroleum Com- terests in terms purporting to defend the

8 AUGUST 19, 1983 American way of life. Under the direc- That year Mobil netted a 63 % increase Montgomery Ward and the Container tion of Herbert Schmertz, Vice President in profits with $3,278,000,000 in net Corp. of America. (Perhaps Mobil's for Public Affairs (and formerly a fund- revenues. As the nation's third largest in- sheer size prompted attorney McDade's raiser and campaign director for Bobby dustrial corporation (behind Exxon and remark to a reporter that, to Mobil, the and Teddy Kennedy), Mobil runs a series General Motors), Mobil was receiving a Texas case "ain't no big deal." And of pieces on the Op-Ed pages of the New 20.8% return on equity with annual sales perhaps Mattox's off-the-cuff call for a York Times and Washington Post and of more than $44 billion by the end of consumer boycott of Mobil products sponsors numerous arts and educational the 1970s. Its holdings include extensive would hardly produce a ripple in the television programs in an effort to coal and uranium properties as well as Mobil corporate hide.) establish credibility with the country's opinion-shapers. Many of the Mobil ads are written as if the oil industry is be- sieged by vaguely unAmerican elements. "We say the threat against the industry 6. The Seattle Connection and the capitalist system is a real thing . . . ," Mobil President William P. OBIL'S — or McDADE'S — paign finance statement also is subject to Tavoulareas insists. "We've gotta get up other well-publicized allega- a fine ranging up to $2,000 and jail time and step up and defend ourselves." (in M tion against Attorney General ranging up to a maximum of one year. James McGovern's The Oil Game) Mattox involves Seattle First National Mattox told the Observer he's convinc- "Through the 1960s and right to this Bank, the bank that loaned Manges about ed he did nothing wrong but that any time day," Herbert Schmertz has been quoted $40 million. The allegation is that Mat- a grand jury gets involved, it's cause for as saying, "a strong undercurrent of an- tox met Y. C. Chao, a loan officer with concern. (Meanwhile, an unreported tibusiness sentiment has made it difficult the Seattle bank, at a party on Manges' $500,000 loan Mark White received and for corporations to get a fair hearing in ranch, and that on May 25, eleven days repaid in 1982 has not attracted the grand the forum of national debate. . . ." before the June 5 Democratic primary jury's scrutiny. White has said the loan runoff election, Mattox's sister Janice L. was personal and did not figure into his Mattox, a Dallas attorney, and Jerry S. campaign financing.) Mattox, the AG's brother, obtained a one-year unsecured loan of $125,000 from the Seattle bank. Five days later, Reveley Memorial Services on June 1, Mattox lent his campaign $125,000. On Nov. 18, the Mattox cam- Simple Funerals paign used $133,797.57 from campaign Austin Information: contributions he had collected by then 441-7500 "to repay personal loans from JM" — in the amount of $125,000 plus interest. The next day, Nov. 19, Janice L. Mat- tox paid off by wire her $125,000 loan from Seattle-First. A source familiar with the transaction told the Dallas Morning News, the newspaper that broke the story, that Janice Mattox paid off the loan six months ahead of schedule. Mattox claims that the timing of the Mobil's contribution to the national loans was coincidental and that none of debate on Feb. 25, 1973, was an ad blam- the money borrowed by his brother and ing environmentalists for the oil shortage; sister went into his campaign. He told the an ad the following July 9 blamed politi- Observer that Seattle-First National Bank cians who advocated regulation of off- was eager to get into the oil and gas shore drilling. Later that year a Mobil ad market in the Southwest and that the loan Chuck Caldwell's blamed anti-pollution devices. to his brother and sister was only one of In 1979, Mobil began a campaign many the bank made in Texas. He said against the windfall profits tax, prompt- the repayment of interest was the same ing President Jimmy Carter to call Mobil because he asked his brother and sister "perhaps the most irresponsible company what interest they were paying on the 1731 New Hampshire Ave., N.W. in America." On March 28, 1980, Seattle loan, so he wouldn't have to Washington, D.C. 20009 figure interest on his own loan. Carter charged Mobil with violating • Dupont Circle/Embassy area voluntary price guidelines by $45 If the Travis County grand jury doesn't • Spacious rooms • Coffee shop million. Calling Carter's allegations buy Mattox's story and concludes that his • Parking • Best buy in D.C. "politically motivated," Mobil respond- campaign finance reports were incorrect, ed: "We oppose retroactive rule changes Mattox is potentially liable for a Class C Present this ad when checking in and which put companies in violation, par- misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of up receive a $10 introductory rebate. ticularly when they are applied selective- to $200. Anyone convicted of submitting CALL TOLL FREE 800-424-2463 ly against companies that speak out." false information under oath in a cam-

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 9 Manges. Manges and Maloney say their aim is to return to "the common man" control of what they perceive as the state's 7. Who Is To Judge? autocratic, business-controlled govern- ment and judicial system. "I'm for the people," Manges told the Fort Worth OBIL IS ALSO seeking to dis- district does not include Gonzales Coun- Star-Telegram. "I'm tired of the same qualify the judge scheduled to ty, Judge Garcia enjoined the sheriff's people controlling everything. You can't M hear the state's case against sale on Manges' property. get a fair trial in this state." Mobil — state District Judge Ruben Gar- Maloney insists that he and Manges cia of Laredo. Mobil contends that Gar- are only using their money for the same cia should be disqualified, "recused," ends the large legal firms have for years because of political favors and other con- been using theirs through corporate con- siderations he has received from Manges tributions. "You know who's complain- and attorney Pat Maloney. Calling the ing now are the vested interests, the cor- case, "a scheme by Manges to utilize the porate interests, the insurance interests, forum of Judge Ruben Garcia to unjust- who for the first time haven't controlled ly extract money and property from the courts," he told the San Antonio Mobil Oil Co.," attorneys for Mobil Light. asked Mattox to join them in asking for the recusal of Judge Garcia. When Mat- Maloney, who conducts his business tox refused, Mobil added to its reasons in an elegant turn-of-the-century San An- for recusal the fact that Mattox and Gar- tonio bank building, beautifully restored cia had met privately on Manges' ranch by the late architect O'Neil Ford, cheer- fully admits that more sympathetic judges early this year. Mattox told the Observer that he and Garcia had a talk but did not mean more money for him. Yet he insists discuss the case. "Tell me when a judge that it's the little guy who profits, too. Garcia told the Light that Manges' at- can't talk to an attorney general," said "If the people benefit, Maloney torney, Royal Adams of San Antonio, Maloney. benefits," he told the Observer. "That's had misled him about his authority to a lot better to me than if Mobil benefits, Last year Garcia received $3,351 in issue the order. He also told the Light he Maloney benefits. I handle terribly im- campaign assistance from the Manges- did not know Adams personally and had portant cases. Me and the people go hand financed political action committee, Tex- never had the attorney or Clinton Manges in hand." ans for Good Government, then ad- before him in a trial. Garcia could not ex- The source of most of Maloney's in- ministered by Maloney. Maloney, along plain to the Light, however, why attorney with state Senators Hector Uribe and come has been his handling of personal Adams chose him to sign the order in- injury lawsuits. On a wall of his Oscar Mauzy, also represented Garcia stead of hundreds of other district judges Longhorn Room, among the UT Long- after the judge was indicted on four around the state. When Garcia's order counts of official misconduct in Dimmitt horn and political memorabilia that blocking Astra's collection effort was ap- decorate this club-like setting on the top and Travis counties. The charges of pad- pealed to the 13th Court of Civil Appeals ding expenses through travel vouchers floor of the Maloney building, is a plaque in Corpus Christi, the justices issued a acknowledging Maloney's membership were dismissed after a key witness, an sharp rebuke, warning Garcia to "honor aide to the judge, failed to appear in in a legal fraternity whose members have our holdings" and "no longer interfere" all won million-dollar-plus personal in- court. Garcia was innocent, Maloney told in execution of the court judgment. the Observer. jury judgments. In 1978, a Texas jury "He's paying the price of Garcia has insisted he can preside fair- defeating the establishment [Judge E. catapulted Maloney to the top of the In- ly over the Mobil case. The motions for James Kazen]," Maloney said. ner Circle of Advocates when it award- Garcia's recusal will be heard on October ed a record $26.7 million to a young man Judge Garcia has admitted knowing 17. and three other people crippled in the ex- Manges casually for several years and plosion of a butane tank truck outside says he accepted contributions from UDGES HAVE been of prime con- Eagle Pass. Knowing that the record Manges for the 1982 primary. The San cern to Clinton Manges for some judgment would likely be struck down by Antonio Light, in its six-part series last J years now. Not only has he sought traditionally conservative state appeals year on Clinton Manges, also noted that to develop a relationship with 0. P. Car- courts, Maloney eventually settled with Judge Garcia in 1980 twice signed orders rillo and Ruben Garcia and other South the defendant for much less. prohibiting efforts to collect judgments Texas judges past and present, but he also against Manges. A case he lost on appeal that same year contributed heavily to judicial races in increased Maloney's interest in judicial In July 1980, Judge Garcia prohibited last year's elections. When he went to Pat politics. The Fourth Court of Civil Ap- Astra Bar, an equipment company, from Maloney with $2.5 million he wanted to peals in San Antonio set aside a $3 taking action to collect on a $700,000 spend on campaigns, the two men de- million slander judgment Maloney had debt judgment rendered against Manges cided to target half that amount for won on behalf of fired Southwestern Bell in 1978 by a Gonzales County court. An judicial races. Money went to a dozen Telephone Company executive James appeals court had affirmed the judgment, San Antonio candidates, including former Ashley and the widow of Southwestern and in June 1980, the state Supreme criminal district Judge Preston Dial, who Bell's Texas chief, T. 0. Gravitt. (see Court also upheld it. Despite the court won a seat on the Fourth Court of Ap- TO 4/8/77.) The justices also dismissed order and despite the fact that his judicial peals, which hears many cases involving the case so that it could not be retried. 10 AUGUST 19, 1983 What irked Maloney was that the received $120,452 from the Manges observers, however, say the court's shift state's appeals courts, traditionally com- committee. * is merely driving up insurance rates and posed of older men from establishment The beneficiaries of the Supreme business costs that eventually are borne law firms representing corporate Court change, according to progressive by the consumer. With former Attorney business interests, were taking money politicians and trial lawyers, are the "lit- General John Hill, a former president of out of his — and his clients' — pockets. tle people," who finally are getting their the Texas Trial Lawyers Association, He also realized that the defense- day in court against the big insurance planning a race for chief justice next oriented civil firms, from which the companies and banks, represented by year, the court could become even more judiciary traditionally came, had for large corporate law firms. Corporate progressive. years contributed large amounts of money to judicial candidates represen- ting their philosophies. Maloney was one of the first plaintiff's attorneys to realize the tenor of the court could be altered through the ballot box. "When The Other Side of the Coin Clinton came with that money," he told N THE MIDST of the clamor firms, their individual members, or "I never had so much fun the Observer, surrounding the Manges- their political action committees. in my life. I was like a kid in a candy Maloneym nterest interest n recent i state These included Baker & Botts, Vin- store. I love for a judge to know that 1 judicial elections, it should not be son & Elkins, Fulbright & Jaworski. there'll be a day [when he or she must forgotten that most of the powerful In addition, the political action com- stand for re-election]." political and corporate interests in mittees for the King Ranch, Valero Even before Manges got involved in the state were involved, as they have Energy, Central Power and the judicial elections of 1982, Maloney always been, in the campaign Lighting, and Texas Utilities made and other plaintiff's lawyers, primarily finances of judicial candidates.• sizeable contributions. McGinnis, members of the Texas Trial Lawyers Lochridge, and Kilgore of Austin, Association, had been working to elect Republican Will Garwood, who which is asking Justices Kilgarlin judicial candidates with fewer corporate was defeated by C. L. Ray in a 1980 and Robertson to remove themselves ties and a more liberal interpretation of race for a Supreme Court seat, from a Manges suit the law firm is personal injury law. (Although the Trial received considerable financial sup- contesting, made a large contribution Lawyers Association political action port from the likes of Ed Clark, to the Denton campaign, as did Stub- committee — Lawyers Involved for Allen Shivers, Tom Sealy's Stub- bleman, McRae. bleman, McRae, Sealy , Laughlin Texas — contributes money to state It should also be noted that the firm of Midland, and from the Vin- legislative races and not to judicial races, Southwest Public Affairs Committee son, Elkins law firm. individual members of the association (a Fulbright, Jaworski PAC) joined contribute to judicial campaigns.) Since Incumbent Justice James G. Den- Manges and Maloney on the con Dec. 1, 1978, six justices have been ton, who defeated William Kilgarlin tributors list for Justices Kilgarlin elected to the Supreme Court — all with in the 1982 Democratic primary but and Robertson, as well as for At- support from many of the state's trial died prior to the general election, torney General Mattox. Texas Cen- lawyers. benefited from campaign funds total- tral Committee (another Fulbright, In last year's election, two of the three ing over $1 million. A large number Jaworski PAC) contributed $10,000 candidates backed by Manges nd of contributors were corporate law to Mark White's campaign. 0 Maloney for state Supreme Court justice were elected, although one, William Kilgarlin, returned the $25,000 he received from the Manges/Maloney political action committee. Kilgarlin did accept more than $30,000 in contribu- 8. A Money Matter tions from Maloney himself. Ted Robert- son, also elected to the court in 1982, UDICIAL CANDIDATES, of Armstrong admits that he had misgiv- course, weren't the only ones to ings about taking such a large amount, *In the long-running dispute between Manges and J benefit from the largesse of the but at the time, needing two rounds of the M. P. Guerra family, Austin's McGinnis, Manges-Maloney connection. Jim Mat- television advertising at $175,000 a Lochridge, & Kilgore law firm, representing the tox received $100,000 but returned round, he felt he had no choice. "We just Guerra family, requested that Kilgarlin and $50,000; GarryMauro, $65,000; Comp- took a deep breath and took it," he told Robertson remove themselves from hearing the Dave suit. The motion came after the Supreme Court troller Bob Bullock, $30,300 in cash, the Austin American-Statesman's reversed a trial court decision that awarded the $1,500 for campaign office space, and a McNeely recently. "This points up the Guerra family $882,608 in damages. The high guarantee on a $95,000 loan; Jim need for public financing. You shouldn't court reduced the award to $805,000 and gave have to make that kind of decision." Manges control over the mineral leases in ques- Hightower, $27,500. Democratic guber- tion. Lloyd Lochridge contended that the two natorial candidate Buddy Temple, before Garry Mauro, Armstrong's successor men had accepted too much campaign money he pulled out of the race, received in the land office, also admits to some from Manges or his associates. Both justices $50,000 from Manges-Maloney, which misgivings about the $65,000 Manges refused to remove themselves. Kilgarlin pointed he returned. Temple's opponent, Bob gave him. (Manges also gave $50,000 to out that he had returned the Manges contribu- tion; Robertson said that even though Manges had Armstrong, received more than $350,000 Mauro's Democratic primary opponent, contributed more than a third of his campaign from Manges — and much heat from the former state Senator Pete Snelson.) "If money, his vote was not for sale. public. I thought there would be these kinds of

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 11 questions raised, I would have never told the Observer," is that now they have why he got elected. He spent a little over taken the money," he told the Observer. to walk in the front door and that's a ter- a million dollars to get the job. But my Mauro bristles, however, at any sug- ribly frightening experience to them. position is he ought to just manage the gestion that Manges' money might in- Before they didn't have to try a lawsuit case and manage a lot of lawyers." on its merits. This would not have hap- fluence his decisions. "When I spend $1 While Mattox has been fighting Mobil, million to get elected," he said, "$60,000 pened if Mattox had not been there or Mauro has been leading the fight against doesn't get you anything except a return Mauro." the Exxon Corporation and enacting phone call. That's just not that much Mattox, calling himself "the people's policies potentially disturbing to other oil money. . . . Clinton Manges is not my lawyer," has been battling high utility companies. He announced a $4 million largest contributor; he's in the top ten." rates and industrial pollution. He has settlement with Exxon, resulting from The money helped, nevertheless. It looked into nuclear power plant regula- questions first raised by Manges on ques- helped Mauro, it helped Bullock, it tion and efforts to locate radioactive tionable Duval County Ranch Co. leases helped Mattox. It helped the Supreme waste in Texas. He asked the legislature and from a more aggressive program to Court candidates. John Rogers, a laborer to grant him wide-ranging powers to pur- collect money on state mineral rights. in the liberal trenches for more than two sue antitrust cases and says he plans to "The fact is the state of Texas is the decades, insists that Pat Maloney, using look closely at the bond business. Mat- largest landowner in the state, but we Clinton Manges' money, and Houston tox asked the legislature to let him have don't develop our own land," Mauro told liberal stalwart Billy Goldberg have be- five more lawyers in the antitrust section the Observer. "We are in partnership tween them changed the face of Texas to investigate corporate collusion. "We with people in the private sector to make politics. Without them, he says, Texas have not had aggressive antitrust enforce- our money. And the real question is: how liberals would be right back where they ment . . . since [Attorney General] Jim- do we define that partnership? When the were in 1962, the year John Connally my Allred was known as the trust-buster gray area arises, do we split the gray area defeated liberal Don Yarborough in the fifty years ago," Mattox told the Dallas 50-50? Do we go to the courthouse and Democrats' race for the gubernatorial Times-Herald. try to get it all for us or they get it all nomination. In this regard, Land Commissioner for them? Through lack of action on our Along with Clinton Manges, Rogers Mauro thinks Mattox's understaffing part do they get more than 50 %? What also believes that the entrenched Texas makes it essential for the AG to hire out- my job really is is to make sure that in establishment — banking, oil, insurance side counsel to assist in the Mobil case. the gray areas we get our 50% . . . . interests, and the big law firms — is "It's the biggest case in the history of the Right now all I want to do is get our fair fighting back, and that the Mobil case is state of Texas," he told the Observer. share. I want the partnership to really the first battle of what may be a pro- "As far as I'm concerned we ought to work." tracted war. Mattox was the first target, have every law firm we can put on re- Mauro has also asked the King Ranch he believes, partly because his com- tainer to give us another round of am- hard questions about leases on 18,000 bative, shoot-from-the-hip approach to munition. They've hired three law acres where the state has mineral in- things made him most vulnerable. With firms, let's hire three law firms. Let's terests, and his office has established a rumors floating around of about ques- match them law firm for law firm, field audit team that will check whether tionable connections between the land of- lawyer for lawyer . . . I want to hire the state is receiving the correct amount fice and the Krueger senatorial campaign, whoever it takes to win this case. Jim on each well drilled on state land. "We're Garry Mauro may be next. It's also an Mattox takes the position that he's the going to run the state's lands like a effort, some believe, to deliver a message people's lawyer and he ought to handle business," he said. "We're going to to the state Supreme Court. it. I don't disagree with that. It's just a make sure every penny the state has com- "The difference for the oil companies difference in management style. If I ing to it gets here. I am auditing all our with Mattox and Mauro," Pat Maloney were him, I would go out — they've got leases and we're going to pursue all of Fuibright, Jaworski, I'd get Baker, Botts. them aggressively, period." The audits They hire Stubbleman, McRae; I'd hire Good books in every field have already turned up $4 million in un- the best law firm in Midland on my paid revenues. JENKINS PUBLISHING CO. side. . . . We're not talking penny-ante The Pemberton Press Mauro has also been taking the state's money. We're talking $150 million, $300 share of the petroleum pie in gas and oil John H. Jenkins, Publisher million, $1.7 billion, whatever figure you rather than in royalty payments. He has want to put on it. . . . Jim wants to do Box 2085 (1 Austin 78768 agreed to supply up to 10 million cubic it himself. I can understand that. That's feet of gas to San Antonio's city-owned electric service utility for the next five Autographed copies of AFTERNOON OF A FAUN years — a deal that should save the city $4 million a year while it increases state by Shelby Hearon revenues by $1 million. As for the case itself, Mattox thinks it WATSON & COMPANY Name will go to court and will be appealed to Address the state Supreme Court. That's why he BOOKS thinks the question of recusing Judge Garcia is a stalling tactic, he told the 604 BLANCO STREET MC/VISA # AUSTIN, TEXAS 78703 Observer. Pat Maloney, on the other (512) 472-4190 Exp. Date hand, thinks Mobil will never go to trial. Mauro agrees. "I think it would be very $15.10 per copy, including postage, tax and handling foolish for Mobil to let it get to the court- house," he told the Observer. "My guess 12 AUGUST 19, 1983 is we'll settle. But that's been my opin- know. It sets a precedent where the ion. I thought they'd settle before I ever state's got bad leases, we'll get paid good got in office. If I were them, I'd have money. The only potential precedent is worked with Armstrong and White and that a future attorney general or a future gotten the thing settled before the end of land commissioner might be unwilling to the year." prosecute the state's rights because of all When asked what kind of precedent the the crud he's had to take in the case might set, Mauro responded: newspapers." "Everybody talks about that. I don't 9. Wings of the Crow

UT DOES THE MOBIL CASE County when the Carrillos briefly mean more than that? Is it, as wrested control of the dukedom away B Manges says, a struggle for con- from the Parrs, described by ACLU and trol of the state? Is there enough liberal United Farmworker attorney Jim Har- money now in the state to match the con- rington as no change in structure but JIM MATTOX servative money that has controlled state more sympathy for the poor. politics for years? Or is this just a tem- It may be that what shrewd lawyer Pat The significance of the money poured porary tilt at windmills by Mattox and Maloney and shrewd entrepreneur Clin- into the 1982 elections by Manges, company, having caught the old guard ton Manges have done is to read suc- Maloney, and the like, however, is that off-guard in the 1982 elections? cessfully the writing on the wall. If the it was finally enough to cross a threshhold needed to reach an electorate generally It is, of course, not possible to separate Mattoxes and Mauros and Kilgarlins and Robertsons do pose a real threat to the more progressive than its officeholders. Clinton Manges' self-interest from what It was the late George Parr who once appears to be interest in the reform of business establishment, then the strength embodied in that threat is their ability to said, "Don't give crows wings because state government. Pat Maloney describes they'll peck your eyes out." Perhaps Manges as someone who "worries about remain in office to see their work carried out. (It must be noted, however, that Mobil and the traditional powers that be the 'little folks.' He's always been kicked in this state hear the flapping of wings.0 in the ass." "An entrepreneur like Clin- our current political process seems to ton Manges," Mauro told the Observer," require that liberals in office be no more "they don't come along in thousands or immune to potential conflicts of interest ANDERSON & COMPANY even hundreds. There are just a few of than their conservative predecessors.) COFFEE them every generation. . . . The propen- Even more threatening is the possibility TEA SPICES sity of most entrepreneurs in Clinton's that the next attorney general and the TIAN) JEFFERSON SQUARE AUSTIN, TEXAS 7S131 position is that at some point they say, next land commissioner will build on `Hey, I am at the top of the heap. I'll be the actions of their predecessors, that 512 453-1533 part of the system now.' He's generally the next Supreme Court justices will Send me your list. taken a position that says, 'I don't like continue to find for the little people. Name those guys, I don't want to be part of It may be that longtime liberals, like them, I don't want anything to do with Billy Goldberg and Pat Maloney, Street them.' " veterans of many losing "noble" causes, City Zip • If Clinton Manges is, indeed, a friend have finally found an electorate to invest of the people and, therefore, backs "the in. If there has been a profound change people's lawyer" for attorney general and in politics in this state — something that judges more sympathetic than their pred- can only be judged years hence — then ecessors to the plight of a plaintiff con- that change has not been in the distribu- ' tion of wealth but in the electorate and ginnysCOPYING SERVICE fronting big business, then, at the same time, it cannot be denied that Manges the ability to reach it. If money could personally stands a better chance to buy and shape every election, then there Copying • Binding benefit in civil suits if a judge or attorney is no question that the large corporate Printing •Color Copying general is not tied to corporate interests. powers would always win. Despite the (But that's how the game is played, Pat Clinton Mangeses, the entrenched con- Graphics 'Word Processing Maloney will tell you — only the other servative establishment that has run side has had most of the judges and at- state politics for at least the last twenty Austin • Lubbock • Son Marcos torneys general until this year.) While years will never run short of money. there doesn't appear to be any great love for Clinton Manges, even among his ad- vocates, there does seem to be a begrudg- Life Insurance and Annuities ing admiration. The rise of Clinton Martin Elfant, CLU Manges as a new political power broker 4223 Richmond, Suite 213, Houston, TX 77027 kytifre in the state may be nothing more than the (713) 621-0415 kind of change that occurred in Duval THE TEXAS OBSERVER 13 •••••••••imemiiisidaiiiirmuc - What. Feminism Brings To The Arms RaCe. Debate

By Betty Wheeler

On the 38th anniversary of the bomb- up. Particularly on difficult issues like there. So find out what your local con- ing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, we run militarism, I don't think we can sit back nection is and obtain information for the following excerpted remarks by Sheila and wait for really creative leadership to your local community to work with. Tobias and Betty Wheeler, delivered at come from Washington or to come from Once you have begun on whatever the National Women's Political Caucus the top. I think it's a question that has Convention in San Antonio on July 8. local issue you can find, it's important got to be pushed into action from the to expand and tie in with people whose They spoke as members of a panel ad- local communities. dressing the topic, "Feminism and the principal method of analyzing the world When we look at long-term ways of is through moral and religious analysis. Arms Race: Lessons from the 60s, changing the ways in which the world Strategies for the 80s.." That is the community that is at this interacts and the ways in which people point very heavily involved in military address world problems, it is a respect issues. You can't look to that communi- for tolerance and an understanding of ty for ultimate political strategizing or T IS IMPORTANT for the arms race the meaning of diversity that will serve for detail work on budgets and testify- to be addressed on a very as a foundation for constructing less ing, but they are important elements and I grassroots, community basis. It is militaristic ways for humans to interact important in the community. Then it's paradoxical but true that the arms race, with each other. Those kinds of values very important to take on the economic which is a global threat, is an issue that come from the community. issues because the truth is the same must most critically be addressed on a I was born in the hospital in Amarillo amount of money put into a community local level. The military and the arms that contains the decontamination units on a non-military basis will almost in- race is very deeply rooted in our in- for anyone who gets contaminated with evitably produce more jobs. It's impor- dividual communities. It's very easy for radioactive materials. . . . It was a tant for people to do conversion work people to criticize the military budget given that people [who work at Pantex] and understand how an industry or generally, for example, but when you didn't talk about their jobs, and people work-force dedicated to the military can want to take the knife to it and you're cut- had fairly vague ideas about what oc- be converted and to lay concrete plans ting people's jobs and you're cutting curs at Pantex. We tried to organize just for that conversion so that community things that are very close in an individual to alter the information base. The first disruption does not become a fear that community, you're going to meet with thing we did was file some inquiries keeps people from engaging in arms resistance. It's going to overwhelm the under the Freedom of Information Act race issues. more general question of the size of the and follow that up with a lawsuit under It's important on a community basis budget. the National Environmental Powers Act to expose the myth that arms-race issues That's certainly true in my communi- under the theory that information em- are above and beyond us, that common ty, where 2,600 of my neighbors assem- powers people. people cannot tackle these issues. . . . As feminists, we are at an advantage ble nuclear weapons on a daily basis and We thought it would be most useful to here. [At a meeting with the Air Force take apart the old ones and make repairs start with the environmental questions on them. It's very difficult in my com- on the MX missile], I saw a woman who because most people don't want people was a middle-aged farmer, stand up — munity to speak generally about reduc- to have jobs that will endanger them or tions in arms without people feeling and she was very moved, visibly endanger the environment. So we first distressed — and say "I was always threatened on a personal level — how's started getting information that had en- raised to believe that the government our community going to be affected? .. . vironmental implications. Sometimes was right and I could accept that the ex- So it's important for us to deal with the government will create those issues for you. perts in the government were taking the questions from a community level. care of things. But I'm sitting here From my experience working in What you can do in your community thinking that if you can come up with a Washington and in a rather small, is, first of all, find out what your local plan that is this stupid and destructive to isolated community, comes my bias that links are. . . . There really is not a our community and makes so little social change happens from the bottom community that is not tied in in some sense, then maybe my assumptions have way, either through a university where been incorrect." I think as feminists that research is done or by proximity to a once politicized, always politicized, and Betty Wheeler is an Amarillo attorney transportation route, if there's not some and disarmament leader. once politicized on some little issue kind of more obvious military facility over here, it just grows. Consciousness 14 AUGUST 19, 1983 usually does not just shrink back up. It's It's pretty obvious what feminism can grassroots political support to bring a question of getting people involved on bring to the arms race debate. First of about change. The feminist movement some level that reaches them. And only all, a very useful process: the work that can bring to the arms-race debate a you in your own community will know we have done over the years to develop long-term vision. . . . It's an important what the opening wedge is that will a process that is inclusive, that is non- opportunity for us to link up with our politicize people on arms race issues. heirarchical, and that brings very sisters around the world and work in Many people have learned that you diverse people together and enables unity on an issue that can bring us can't leave it to those experts because them to work together. That process is together and strengthen feminism they don't know that much more than important if you're dealing with a around the world. you do. . . . political issue that depends on Diversity is a strength; it is not a weakness. And in learning how to deal with diversity we learn how to deal with conflict in a feminist and nonmilitaristic way. I would encourage feminists in every community to work on building Focus on Weaponry from that diversity a working communi- ty that can really work on arms-race By Sheila Tobias issues not only in Congress and testify- ing on the budget but in our own . . . The vocabulary in which understand, but because the mili- communities. military policy is discussed has to tary is characterized not by its war- In her novel Fault-line, Sheila Ortiz- do with weaponry. And weaponry mongering but by its tendency to Taylor says, "Sanity consists of fear has become technologically so think in terms of hardware solu- melted down and poured in socially sophisticated that it is easy for peo- tions. . . So the definitions have useful shapes." As feminists we are ple of both sexes to feel intimidated become very simple-minded. Na- very adept at taking that fear and turn- when discussing military policy. tional security is interpreted in ing that into powerful political work. ❑ The area in which the greatest in- terms of weapons capability, and crease in spending has been taking national insecurity is interpreted in place since 1968 is the area of terms of weapons vulnerabili- research and procurement, which is ty. . . . [there is] a naive faith in and Associates military terminology for the devel- technology . . . a naive faith that 502 W. 15th Street I It Austin, Texas 78701 opment of new weapons. Weap- with enough money, enough Amer REALTOR onry turns out to be not simply the ican technological brainpower, (/) Representing all types of properties in Austin and Central Texas tool of the military but the center- enough manpower we can find Interesting 8 unusual property a specialty. piece of our military thinking. weapons solutions that will be ET) 477-3651 One of the dynamics fueling the lasting and enduring. arms race is the ineluctable con- Another dimension of the think- tinuation of weapons technology. ing that as an outsider and as a So, without a feeling of mastery of feminist I pick up on is a simple- CAPITOL EXECUTIVE SERVICES weapons or technology, it is dif- minded view that more is bet SPECIALIZING IN ficult for a person not trained in CORPORATE CHARTER FILINGS ter. . . . Also there is an inability DOCUMENT RETRIEVAL/STATE AGENCIES military science or engineering to or unwillingness to accept parity LEGAL BRIEF FILINGS enter into the specifics of the the notion that if you're not 1212 GUADALUPE, SUITE 107, AUSTIN debate. . . . The unmasking, the superior you must be inferior is TEXAS 78701 (512)478-2557 explaining, the demystification, the simple-minded and characteristic of empowerment of other people very primitive thinking. . . through our translation of military Maverick Books presents the gifts that keep on The peace people have been giving. For any special occasion or just pure matters should be a component of charged with bringing emotion and any feminist position. enjoyment, order from our list of fine western not ratiocination to the issue by books by John R. Erickson: We can, as feminists — as thinking with our hearts and not so Hank The Cowdog, $5.95, paper women and men as feminists — much with our heads. . . . But Hank the Cowdog Tape Set, $19.95 begin to do a kind of analysis of when you analyze to its core some Panhandle Cowboy, $5.95, paper military thinking that is perhaps of the assumptions on which Modern Cowboy, $15.95, cloth very fresh because we come at it military decisions are made that are The Devil in Texas, $5.95, paper Through Time and the Valley, $7.95, paper from the outside. . . . As part of very costly and potentially that analysis, I'd like to suggest that destabilizing -- those issues are Complete autographed set, $39.95. Add 5% we focus on weaponry as not only very emotional. The attachment to sales tax for Texas residents. $1.00 postage on the area of the budget that is in- single orders, 50$ per book on multiples. the aircraft carrier can only be Visa and MasterCard accepted. creasing at the fastest rate and is the described as emotional. . . . In the most complicated and hard to end it is a question of values that divides us. The people who are for AVEFUCK Sheila Tobias is co-author of What this enormous amount of spending Dept. TO BOOKS Kinds of Guns Are They Buying for are as attached emotionally to their 1101 Baylor

Perryton, Texas 79070 Your Butter? values as we may be to ours. ❑ 806/435-5998

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 15 (Advertisement)

A Public Service Message from the American Income Life Insurance Co.—Waco, Texas—Bernard Rapoport, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

I Dreamed This Individual Was Running for President

By Bernard Rapoport

The politician of today looks at the crowd and then says, "What leaders. Government doesn't unbalance a budget, leaders do. do you want me to say? What do you want me to be?" And as Government doesn't impose taxes, our leaders do. he assesses their wants, he responds accordingly: "I'll say what George Will is right when he says: you want to hear, and I'll be what you want me to be." Too often that's the complaint about today's politician, and more often than A market economy is less damaging to social fraternity than is an not, it's a deserving one. Why has this come about? economy politically managed for egalitarian purposes. This is so for two reasons: First, scarcity is divisive, and market systems are Sometimes I think the answer is made most poignantly by the more apt to produce abundance. Secondly, allocation of wealth coffee drinkers. They can't even wait for the coffee to percolate. and opportunity by impersonal market forces is less embittering They want instant coffee. That's the way it is with we Americans. than allocation by political decisions. We want, we have to have, and have it right now. I don't think that any impartial analyst can disagree with that We have yellows, blacks, whites, reds, browns and in- proposition — but only up to a point. In every contest — and betweens. We have Catholics, Protestants, Jews, Muslims, Bud- whenever we buy or sell something, whether it's goods or ser- dhists, atheists, agnostics, and all shades in between. We have vices, it's a contest — there has to be a referee. Just as the rich and poor and middle class and shades in between. We have emphasis on more has had an assumption of quantity only, so males and females and even there we have in-betweens. We we have come to extol winning without sufficient emphasis as have every kind of ethnic group. We have young and old and to how that victory was achieved. That's why referees are so in-between. Each of these groups — and yes, there is a cross- necessary. And in our democratic society, the referee must be mingling of interests — but the fact remains that each of these government. Who says so? Everyone, including all corporations groups has a particular vested interest which it demands be ful- and labor unions when it suits their purpose. Note their varying filled by its politician. There is no compromise. It is a black and positions when it comes to such a subject as deregulation — white issue with each group that is so busy importuning its point this, whether it be in trucking, airlines or what have you. of view that it gives no thought to any tangential or pejorative I was amused one day while reading in the Waco paper about effects that enactment of its proposed legislation might have on a fight within the cinema industry. Evidently, the controllers of other groups. the films wanted to have the theater owners openly bid on the Our politicians are no longer advocates, they are responders. right to show their respective films — without ever seeing them. Whatever each of these groups want, that's what they are for, The fighting got so intense that they brought the matter to the even though there is such a crazy patchwork of conflicting ideas Texas Legislature. One of the state senators bemoaned, "Can't and objectives. If only one-hundredth of one-tenth of one per- these businessmen ever settle anything among themselves cent of them were enacted, our country would be in a state of without bringing government into it?" ennui — that is, in a much worse mess than we are in already. Probably the most serious indictment of today's politicians So what's the answer? is their unwillingness to accept confrontation with reality. And We need someone to speak and to speak loudly for America? also to thinly patch today's problems which may have ramifica- There are so many groups committed to preserving only a part tions for decades to come, knowing that the patch is not going of our constitution, whether it be the Bill of Rights or whatever to hold and leaving it to the next politician to put a little firmer — and thank God we have such advocates — but I'm looking patch on — a patch, too, that will not hold. In other words, never for something and someone different. I'm dreaming of that politi- to accept confrontation with resolving the problem. cian who will take the organic overview that's necessary for So again I ask the question, who's going to stand up for America to achieve the potential that is within its reach. America? The Jerry Falwells? The Moral Majority? I submit that Sadly, the word "government" has an almost sinister connota- their usurpation of this role is made possible only by the failure tion. It should be one of the most beautiful words in the English of the chameleon politicians that supposedly represent you and language. On the kind of government we have rests our hope me. They try to placate each of these power groups to which for a free and productive society. There isn't anything wrong with I alluded earlier. They never get around to representing America. government. There are, however, lots of faults with those who Just a few examples. We've had politicians who told us we run it. Government is always at the mercy of those who are its could have wars and didn't have to pay for them. Indexing and

American Income Life Insurance Company BERNARD RAPOPORT Chairman of the Board and EXECUTIVE OFFICES: P.O. BOX 208, WACO, TEXAS 78703, 817-772-3050 Chief Executive Officer

16 AUGUST 19, 1983 A Public Service Message from the American Income Life Insurance Co.—Waco, Texas—Bernard Rapoport, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

cost of living clauses are examples of weakness on the part of Who is going to stand up for America? Who is going to say politicians — this is indicative of failure to meet the problem head the tax system is unfair and too complicated? Who is going to on which may require balancing the budget, imposing necessary stand up and tell us the truth — that there are too many sales taxes, or both. This is the patchwork to which I alluded previous- taxes and variations of sales taxes? Why won't the politician ly. The American people want services from government — sure, stand up and tell us we've got to pay income taxes? You know they may not want to pay for them, but the truth is they want what you're paying when you're paying an income tax, but you the services more than they resent increased taxes, they really don't really have any idea what your tax burden is when you do. But guess what? Politicians too often are comforted by this do it through hidden and diaphanous variations of the sales tax. observation of Murray Edelman's: You want to know what you're paying, and you know that best Political history is largely an account of mass violence and of the through the income tax system. expenditure of vast resources to cope with mythical fears and What politician will stand up and say to the American peo- hopes. At the same time, large groups of people remain quiescent ple, "If I'm elected president, I will get us started in the right under noxiously oppressive conditions and sometimes passionately direction. Those who have gross incomes of $15,000 to $30,000 defend the very social institutions that deprive or degrade them. will pay a flat 5% tax. On the next $30,000 to $50,000, the tax For too many years, for example, issues of race, religion and will be 71/2%. On the next $50,000 to $75,000, it will go up 2 1/2%. abortion — tremendous emotional questions — have been thrust And for each $25,000 increase, the tax goes up 2 1/2% on that to the front, when pressing national tragedies needed the at- increment to a maximum of 20% to 25%." tention of our leaders — problems such as 10 million or 11 million I'm not an economist, but I know this. The average person people being unemployed and run-away inflation. Today, for ex- who has an income of $100,000 or more pays very little tax, and ample, there are billions of dollars of unfunded pension benefits most tax avoidance schemes are in most instances nonproduc- which may deprive workers of their legitimate rights in the years tive. That is, they don't create jobs. There is no meaningful to come. Why? Well, someone gave too much and someone benefit to our society from such avoidanbe schemes. demanded too much. It doesn't make any difference which state- Psychologically, what we get for free — yes, even citizenship ment is correct — or maybe both are — the point is that the par- — doesn't carry much meaning. Paying our share, such as taxes, ties concerned were only interested in winning today without any for instance, and the knowledge that everyone is carrying part thought of what the result would mean for the tomorrows to of the load, will do more to increase patriotism that is so come. necessary for the survival of a nation. In terms of foreign policy, We give lip service to the work ethic, and from my point of for a politician to say, "Let's parley with the Russians, let's talk view, we need to be ever more recommitted to this concept. with them," and to have that interpreted as an indication that Perhaps a redefinition of work is in order. I once made a speech the politician is not aware of the imperialistic and predatory in- to a very conservative group and began by saying I think we stincts of the Russian government, precludes our having any ought to abolish all forms of welfare and unemployment com- chance for peace. One can be very hard-headed and still deal pensation. The group gave me a standing ovation. After they with the Russians. It has to be that way. Otherwise, there's no were seated, I said, "I'm sorry, but you did not let me finish my hope for the world. sentence. That's too cheap a form of bribery for those of us in For a politician to say, "Let's decrease defense spending — the establishment to get away with for not making the system let us make a more intelligent use of monies for defense," is work." I really believe that. I believe in George Will's proposi- not indicative of an unawareness on the part of that politician tion about the free market, but it is always true that every precept that America needs the strongest defense possible. Too often needs constraints. If it means that some company can sell goods the right wing usurpers interrupt in the middle of a sentence of cheaper by polluting a stream, that's cheating, and the referee someone who indicates a disagreement with the present foreign cannot permit that to occur in a game and should impose policy. That permits the intransigent minds to preclude dialogue, penalties. a dialogue which may in the end have the answers that will I sincerely believe that government has to be the employer enable us to have a world without fear of nuclear holocaust. Yes, of last resort if people are to have faith in a free, democratic, I dream of the politician who will stand up to these groups. free market, free enterprise society. Please do not be of little Someday this individual I have been dreaming about will be faith. We have the talent to solve complex problems such as running for president of the United States. I hope he or she is this if we but have the will. Obviously, I am in favor of giving right now. God knows we need someone like that, and time is the private sector every encouragement such as tax benefits that running out. will result in increased employment. To be an American, I suspect Walter Lippman had this person in mind when he however, should mean that if a person wants to work, he or she will be able to find a job. Let's not spoil ourselves. It may not wrote: be the particular job they want, but at least let's make it possi- This is the way of greatness. In the supreme moments of history, ble that every American can have the dignity of knowing that terms like duty, truth, justice and mercy — which in our torpid hours are tired words — become the measure of decision . . . We are he or she does not have to be on unemployment compensation, trying to be too shrewd, too clever, too calculating when what the that they can work if they want to. When we insure this, then anxious and suffering peoples cry out to us for is that we practice those of us who favor a true, free enterprise society won't be the elemental virtues and adhere to the eternal verities. They alone discomforted by government having to spend the sums it does can guide us through the complications of our days. The straight today for unemployment and welfare benefits. and righteous path is the surest.

American Income Life Insurance Company BERNARD RAPOPORT Chairman of the Board and EXECUTIVE OFFICES: P.O. BOX 208, WACO, TEXAS 78703, 817-772-3050 Chief Executive Officer

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 17 •BOOKS AND THE CULTURE • Dobie, Bedichek, Webb: Workers in the Culture

By Ronnie Dugger

New York City I agree with McMurtry's thesis that socialist realism, under which only Last spring in Austin the University of writing so far in Texas is only a prologue. writing that complements the doctrines of Texas sponsored a conference on "the However, I believe John Graves' Good- the state is sanctioned. I suppose we need Texas literary tradition. " I was supposed bye to a River is one of the best books an alternative term, free of this complici- to be one of the panelists in a discussion of its kind ever written, and one of these ty in totalitarian systems. The trouble is, of J. Frank Dobie, Walter Prescott Webb, years Elroy Bode's work is going to I cannot think of a better one because and Roy Bedichek. I was entailed, how- receive the national appreciation it Bedichek, Webb, and Dobie were literal- ever, in completing a book on Ronald merits. I must also say that I don't know ly workers in the culture, cultural Reagan (it will be published by McGraw- what possessed Larry to lecture Texans workers. (One could say, intellectual Hill in October), so instead of attending that their writing should be set in cities. workers, but that would be pretentious I sent a written paper. The professors in I really don't understand what that could and a bit wrong.) Dobie was a model of charge decided not to have it read or mean. Larry cannot have meant that great public dissent; Dobie and Bedichek were copies of it provided to those attending novels can't be set in the country; that models of high-mindedness on public the conference. I have adapted it for would be absurd. He cannot have meant questions in private discourse; all three publication here. Parts of it are drawn that Texans who have written about coun- of them, Dobie, Bedichek, and Webb, from the special issues of the Observer try life are passe; that would be shallow. were living proof that serious persons on these three men and the book made He cannot have meant that Texans should could do independent cultural work in up of these issues, Three Men in Texas, set their work in cities instead of the Texas — work however controversial first published in 1967. — R.D. country because he says they should; that they believed it had to be in order for it would be imperious. And Larry is none to be valuable — and in some significant of these things. I just don't get it. I think sense still survive and prevail personal- FIRST BECAME AWARE that there perhaps he was thinking that he has some ly. That each of them presented his work might be some new-generation rejec- more writing to do that will be set in in writing made each one a writer, but I tion of the celebration of the Old cities, and if that is what he meant it's I think none of them, not even Dobie, Three (of all the writing and talk about very good news. ever really saw himself as a writer more them as "the triumvirate," for example) than he also saw himself as a practitioner I have wondered how best to explain the day in Washington, D.C., when of studies in a chosen realm of the to young people coming up who wonder Larry McMurtry gave me his essay on culture. why these three men, Bedichek, Webb, Texas writing (TO, 10/23/81) and I went Hubert Mewhinney, the Houston to a cafe to read it. What he had written and Dobie, all long gone, have such a hold on those of us who came under their newspaperman, who was pre-eminently about Dobie, Webb, and Bedichek was a writer in the sense that Bedichek, measured, but there seemed to be sway, to some extent, when we were young. First you have to understand how Webb, and Dobie were not, wrote about something like an exorcism going on. I them: "Their influence on modern Texas supposed this to be a civilized literary bleak, how barren, the literary culture of the region was then. Except for the one is beyond measure. They never won an form of the need in each new generation election; they never ran for office with to kill off the elders, a need which can indisputably great writer who has come from this state, Katherine Anne Porter, a hill-billy band playing imitation folk take much more vivid forms. What have tunes; their influence was on intelligent these three old guys done to deserve this who did we have? But I think younger people might also understand that we did men; and we might as well face it: in- genteel parricide? Not only, I think, did telligent men are in the minority." Frank they have the bad taste to permit not, at least I did not, regard Bedichek, Webb, and Dobie as primarily writers. Wardlaw, when he was head of the themselves to be overrated in Texas dur- University of Texas Press, said they ing their lifetimes; they also failed to pro- They were writers, but they were, more significantly, cultural workers. "were at once the conscience and direc- vide us with the great literary tradition ting force of many aspects of the intellec- we believe our region should have. The trouble with that term, "cultural tual life of Texas." This is why we do Therefore they are to be at once de- workers," is that it has a currency among not forget them and demur when friends bunked and rebuked. practitioners of state-administered seem to think they are putting them down 18 AUGUST 19, 1983 by saying they were not great writers. They were great persons, and we were sorely in need of great persons. They were teachers as well as writers. What they knew they wanted to share, what they did not know they wanted to learn, and each of them wanted to make and leave behind him something that was not here until he passed here. One was a naturalist, one a historian, and one a chronicler of the early Southwest, but each of them was each of these. The manly love between them, a handsome thing in times and places blighted by

great ugliness and banality, shone from them into their friends and contempor- aries, and they shared themselves freely mmer with those younger than they who went ill Bra B to them wanting to learn from them. by

They lived out their lives doing their work, and they did not leave here, but to ho died here. P Roy Bedichek and J. Frank Dobie ruminating at Barton Springs. Perhaps I should now recount a story that Bedichek told me one morning in his little shack with the pot-bellied stove in Miss Porter once wrote to me) "in hell's ple to understand that what they liked was the middle of it, half a block down an despite." gone and something new had to come. alley from the house where he lived. I did not really know Webb. We ex- changed remarks on a few occasions; He and Webb, when either was away I seldom saw Dobie — he might be once or so I was able to see through from Austin, for a long time wrote let- working, over there in the white house his characteristic gruffness to a warm, ters to each other about graffiti they saw on Park Place by the creek, and I felt I heartily-laughing man. Just one memor- on the walls where men usually see graf- would presume going over there often. able thing happened between us. fiti. This must have been a hilarious and But once when I was over there along in amazing correspondence, these two We were having lunch over a the late fifties, on the porch where we had serious, cultured, and witty Texas men, manuscript of a speech he had made that gone to get some wood, I told him I sharing their notes and their thoughts on I was going to print in the Observer. As wished he had written more about these this phenomenon. While they no doubt we were walking back toward the cam- times and out of himself, perhaps in had a great deal of fun with it, I think they pus he quoted something out of John novels. I knew this was audacious and also had a serious interest in these signs Dewey, a passage that was intelligent and probably unwise, but I had begun to feel and sayings. In the fundamentalist society idealistic in Dewey's matter of fact way. dishonest with him for not having said it. they had grown up in they were pro- I remembered the passage at the time, I mentioned his Tongues of the Monte, hibited from being interested, and they and also, as I said to Dr. Webb, that which had appeared in 1935. He said that were damned if they wouldn't be. Dewey had gone on in it to conclude that sometimes he thought his work was futile human affairs are necessarily tending — he had been contemporary, he said, But Bedichek kept his set of this cor- toward more and more socialism. I didn't just since the Second World War. "The respondence in his desk drawer in the ask Webb why he had not recited this world is going to hell," he said, "and I shack (he was sitting at his desk when he conclusion, but the question was implied can't do anything about it." told me this, and he gestured to the between us. Webb replied as if I had In mysterious ways Tongues of the drawer, there at his hand). One morning asked it outright (I remember very clear- Monte disembodied itself from Dobie's the maid found the letters and carried ly, for I thought about it a good deal chronicling of stories of the past on the them to his wife. He never saw the let- afterward, and my mind has come back frontier and expressed talents that had ters again. to it occasionally since then) that the role been lying in him unplied, suggesting What happened to Webb's set? of some men is to work within existing directions he might have taken in his Bedichek told me that during a trans- institutions, cultivating the ground for the work if he had not returned to the Univer- oceanic voyage on a passenger liner, changes that are to come. sity of Texas and the course he had set Webb was suddenly seized by concern I do not draw from what Webb said for himself. Neither folktale nor novel, what would happen if the ship sank and that he was some kind of socialist: I think fact nor fiction, Tongues of the Monte is his grip was found floating in the water he was not. What he meant, I think, was a blend of these that draws body from its with these letters in it, so he went to his that with the closings of the frontiers, loyalty to truth about people and mystery cabin and got them in his hand and went people were going to have to cooperate from the fictions Dobie worked into this to the side of the ship and dropped them with each other within and among nations truth. Which part is true, which made up? overboard. more than they had ever dreamed of, and Dobie never said, letting the true and the This was the culture within which these his cultural work, so subtle and yet so imagined enchant each other. He was three men had to continue on somehow ambitious that he could mention it only wandering the monte in Northern Mex- while getting their serious work done (as quietly and cryptically, was helping peo- ico in search of stories in the lives of the THE TEXAS OBSERVER 19 people, but also, I think, in search of or her best energies to his or her work, After a while Dobie sent another copy of himself. As Hunting Sketches was is no doubt an imperative for many the photograph to me. I turned it over, Turgenev's preparation for his novels, so writers, but it does not follow tht it's best and he had written on the back of it: might Tongues of the Monte have been for all of them. Thoreau, Whitman, CC . . . in the name of one of the holiest Dobie's, but for his turn back. Yeats, Malraux — there are many ways of the holy ghosts — a man who saw in- Why did he turn back? The difficulty to be a writer and a citizen at the same to things and would not fool himself." of this question is surely attested to in the time. Bedichek knew nature, and how to sentence from the epitaph Dobie com- However, in Dobie's political activism take care of himself in it; he cited an an- posed for himself, which John Graves has he may have been, consciously or un- cient Greek, or recited verse copiously reminded us of — Dobie's statement consciously, living out his determination at the drop of a happy context; he could about himself for all the world to know that whatever hobblings on his work he spin tales to transfix the very leaves that "because of deference to the well- had accepted from the culture, one way around. There were not many among us mannered he failed to expose most of or another he would give the bastards hell like him then, and there are fewer now. what he knew, enjoyed, and hated." I before his time ran out. Give them hell On cold mornings he started his wood think he suffered from what we may call he certainly did, and he regretted it. I fire in the pot-bellied iron stove in the cultural schizophrenia. I do not know remember his saying to me late in his life center of the only room. He sat in a hard- what its elements might have been. But that this damn politics is a waste of time back wood chair at his plain table; on his he came from a rough ranch life; then he because you get it all done and here it aged Oliver, the keys looped up and land- became a literary man, a college English comes two years later, all over again. His ed on the cylinder like overhead professor. I would guess he felt a con- political liberalism was not a subtraction haymakers. The walls were books, from flict between macho and manners, folk- from his best work, it was a substitute for the floor to the ceiling. talk and literary criticism, frontier tales it. His political crusading eased his and literature. In the midst of this con- literary conscience and helped him live The last summer of the drought of the flict he wrote Tongues of the Monte, but with not doing the really difficult and fifties he took me into the caliche hills southwest of Austin and taught me how gradually he blended the life of the serious writing he had turned away from. to camp. We set up in a small grove of thoughtful intellectual back into the style Then at the end he knew he had "failed oak trees on a broken meadow. With a of the cowboy, and his life and his work to expose most of what he knew, en- grubbing hoe he dug a trench in the became totemic. He was the writer in joyed, and hated." Texas, a westerner who was also a man ground a foot deep and several feet long of words seeking out the folktales among and built down inside it a strong fire. Supper was my introduction to sardines the frontiersmen. This was a very safe on lettuce with a cold beer, his savory thing to do, when you think about it; celery soup, and potatoes and apples useful, worthy, and valuable, but safe. HE OPPRESSOR here, for each of Not only was the conflict in him not these three men, was the same: carefully washed by hand in a bowl of water, wrapped in wetted brown paper resolved in his work; in his books the T the sex-sundered culture, macho frontier stuff prevailed. chauvinist-macho men versus bluenose and then again in wetted tinfoil, dipped women. One way to defy it would have in water again, and steamed in the coals. I wonder again now why, when I asked been to write culture penetrating novels, He put the brown paper on first because him why he did not write about his own but none of the three did this, although he believed that tinfoil next to the skins times, possibly in novels, out of himself, both Webb and Dobie could have and might impart harmful chemicals to the he responded with exasperation that he probably wanted to. Another way was food in the baking. In just such details had become contemporary too late. At politics, and this both Dobie and (in his as these, with the patience to do one thing first that does not seem to be an answer, way) Bedichek did. Another way was at a time, he wordlessly reproached the but then one is not so sure. Perhaps, hid- history as cultural understanding, and this clocks, traffic, appointments, modern den in all he left unsaid in this long-ago was Webb's work. We valued them kitchens, vibrating appliances, elaborate exchange, there lay Dobie's knowledge because we sensed that they were doing foods — all the assorted urgencies of of the price he, too, had paid for prevail- all they felt they could in the situations work and relaxation by which we most- ing as a respected chronicler of the there were in and because they seemed ly live. Southwestern past. to care so much about the future, after As the night came into camp and the His fierce and aggressive political in- they were gone. I dedicated my book stars appeared we settled into steady talk tegrity was the side of him that I first en- about them, not to what they wrote, but across the fire. Women; the struggle of countered, when I was a student at the to what they stood for. existence; psychiatry, in which he had a University of Texas. By chance I heard Permit me briefly to indicate, with one deliberately naive curiosity; public men; him speak on the campus about enlight- story, the sort of thing they did for their the contamination of fruits and vegetables ened human values and freedom of the young friends. I had been inspired by by sprays in the fields and on the super- mind, that sort of thing. He was a Pasternak's Dr. Zhivago and by Paster- market counters; books; his early days. maverick in that time and place, I'll tell nak himself. The month Pasternak died In the morning we poked over a kitchen you! I admired, in Dobie's downstairs work midden, and took a walk to look at the Some disapprove of a writer making room on Park Place, a photograph of plants and the trees. He was literate, speeches and caring about elections, but Pasternak he had there: the cut-glass wine generous, and forgiving, and God, how everybody, even a writer, is a citizen, glasses were on the table there in front he loved the world. He wrote all his four and more and more these days writers are of the Russian and he was gazing into the books in his last twelve years. deciding that they had better give more camera, lost in loneliness, thinking Perhaps we can head off the gathering time to being citizens or we may not have something distant and tired. Dobie said spirit of parricide about these Old Three a society left to write in. The other posi- he had gotten the print, I vaguely recall, if we can just say out loud, none of them tion, that the writer should give all his from a newspaper friend in the East. was a great writer. Each of them was a 20 AUGUST 19, 1983 great person who wrote. That is why some of us who live in this place still revere them and shall as long as we go on, ourselves. Their realm of work was not really literature, but the culture. They Wading in were pioneers on the frontiers of inner freedom in a part of the country that had not yet granted its existence. They had, each of them, deep, personally-owned Waller Creek courage, but courage that was grounded in common, garden variety, self- regarding prudence. Seeing how these By George Hendrick three old men had survived with honor and had somehow prevailed with integri- LIFE ON WALLER CREEK: A . . . linked with wartime profit-taking ty in this crushing Southwestern culture, PALAVER ABOUT HISTORY AS and dreams of postwar grandeur, had some of us who were younger took heart PURE AND APPLIED EDUCATION placed the developer-exploiter type so and courage both. To write, yes: one of By Joseph Jones firmly in control that he was everywhere, the really good writers from this state, not least on the Board of Regents of the Bill Brammer, said once, "It never oc- Austin: AAR/Tantalus, Inc., 1982, University of Texas, where the long- curred to me — ever — until read Frank $17.95 hallowed system of gubernatorial Dobie, that I could be a writer. There political appointments guaranteed him a simply were no writers in Texas." But place in gratitude for favors rendered." Urbana, Ill. The terrible havoc caused by the also to dissent, to laugh, to debunk, and "There's an old codger down on Waller developer-exploiter is everywhere to be to affirm, in many ways and for the long Creek, rearranging rocks. What in the seen in Austin, Dallas, Urbana, and haul. world is he trying to do?" — Student thousands of cities and counties. Jones' We have not yet produced a great query. account of the Rainey episode and the literature in Texas. We know we haven't. Battle of Waller Creek — this mini-essay But we know we can. In ancient Greece, HE OLD codger down on Waller Creek is Joseph Jones, professor on Frank Erwin and the destruction of Elizabethan England, pre-revolutionary T emeritus of English at the Univer- trees along Waller is a masterpiece — Russia, the transcendentalists' New sity of Texas, an Austin inhabitant since shows how clearly he understands causes England, the American South, there were 1935, a well-read man, a humane man, and implications, how clearly he ap- never vast numbers of people involved. a Thoreauvian scholar, a lover of nature, prehends reality. What occurred was mysterious, private, and (dare one say this in our time?) Man Joseph Jones also believes that natural happening sometimes among a few con- Thinking. It is hardly peculiar that the beauty should be preserved. In his temporaries, and the culture was student was puzzled by Jones' activities preface, he remarks: "Beauty is not a somehow right . . . steaming and active, on Waller Creek. Citizens of Concord lit- luxury; it is a necessity, a positive agen- vividly colloquial, ready to be free. tle understood Henry David Thoreau dur- cy of survival, a deterrent to the terrorism Perhaps we could do it here now. We ing his lifetime. Thoreau's poetic, close with which our world is infested. And in think of these three old geezers alternate- observations made mostly in a limited cities, most of all those which, like ours, ly so longingly and so cruelly because we area near Walden Pond, his scathing are growing too fast — we should be giv- have not done it yet. We want them to social commentary, his radical, anti- ing high priority to preserving every be our Seneca, Thycydides, and Homer, establishment views made most Concord- natural pocket still available, with the our Johnson, Gibbon, and Swift, our ians regard him as a shiftless crank. practical aim of helping preserve ourselves." Proust, Zola, and Voltaire, our Emerson, Joseph Jones may well be Thoreau, and Hawthorne, but their misunderstood now by some university Jones finds beauty on Waller Creek, culture was not ready to be free, and students and by some Austin burghers, no less a likely spot for inspiring il- neither were they; I think they knew, but he is likely to be appreciated by en- lumination than Walden. His inventories vironmentalists, by free spirits, and by contain listings of many found (discard- each of them and the three of them as ed) items and numerous found thoughts: friends, that they were preliminary. And those who enjoy essays by authors who that was OK! — they were realistic men. are fully in command of their craft. In A very rusty pipe-fragment, ready to Life on Waller Creek, Jones is a close disintegrate when the next hard rain sends I can almost hear old Bedi saying now rocks to grind it ... Jet-fighter noises directly back to all of us here — observer of life along and in that stream overhead, cracking and crinkling up the very he goes (metaphorically) a-fishing in, and essence of things in wave after wave. . . . I "Go on with you! Why, this is he is a social historian and critic who look down the rocky bed and see that the Creek foolishness! We are all dead, and becomes more outspoken, more radical changes (as I keep saying to myself) and never- although we are glad we are still read and as he moves along the polluted, exploited theless represents a kind of comforting con- you still care about us and remember that stream. He sees that the Austin power tinuity. I look up at the sky and know, or think we did some good work — balderdash! I do, that the sun changes too; that a time will structure after World War II "was com- come when it will no longer make light for us We know as well as you do, we didn't mitted to growth-at-any-price and ready and warm us. do it, we didn't even get you started do- or perhaps even a little eager to attack ing it. Dammit, if you want a great whatever looked like a deviation or a In Chapter 7 ("What/When/How Will literature, stop blaming us for not giving countertendency. . . . Wartime politics They Ever Learn?") he writes a critique it to you and write it yourself! of learning/teaching as powerful as that in Our Invaded Universities, exposing the "Now I feel like a swim at Barton's, George Hendrick lives a few feet from absurdities of our current system of lec- lie in the sun a little, and then let's go the banks of the Boneyard, the Waller tures, quiz sections, and grades. He pro- to El Rancho for some Mexican food." El Creek of Urbana-Champaign, Illinois. poses major changes leading to per- THE TEXAS OBSERVER 21 sonalized, individual instruction, changes by the U.N. or other peace-keeping which are Transcendental and practical forces, and everybody else, including and therefore certain to frighten college Dialogue us, should get the hell out of there and administrators and their deluded (Continued from Page 3) let those poor people settle their own followers. always were before: a compassionate, differences by themselves. Joseph Jones has written compelling- kind and caring people? R. R. Casso, M.D., 1520 Galveston, ly and knowingly about Austin and the McAllen, TX world, about Waller Creek and the ex- Another matter that should be ploitation of scenic areas, about the weighing heavily on the collective con- dreams and delusions of Texans and science of all of us who care about Unrealistic Americans. He ends on a note of hope: human life and human suffering is Reagan's escalating military involve- People who rush to countries where To explore Waller Creek and environs is ment in Central America. It appears like there have been revolutions, to par- to live intensively in the modern world and ticipate in what they perceive as a con- at the same time to be aware of how brief an the Reaganites have observed how instant modernity has been with us; how brief Britan's Margaret Thatcher was in an firmation of their ideology, usually see an instant, indeed, the human presence has analogous and disastrous political situa- what they want to see. Trusting their in- been here in any guise to contemplate a very tion and that her involvement in the terpretations of what has been ac- old set of surroundings. The Creek, if we will Falkland's War miraculously resur- complished is just as risky as trusting only let it, will keep reminding us of all this rected her political career. Reagan's rhetoric. It's a wonder Fred at the same time it offers us other gifts: solitude or limited companionship as needed It is not very difficult to imagine that Royce didn't say that he had seen the and wanted; earth, air, and water in slow pro- an Administration that cares so little future and it works. cession and interaction under the radiant about our own unfortunates likely cares Over the years I have read countless presence of fire; plants and animals living or even less about the poor Browns of Cen- present in fossil forms; sounds kind to the ear; articles praising the new government in color, line, mass, and texture both natural and tral America, and that they would prob- one underdeveloped country after manmade in luxurious profusion; unhasty ably have no compunction about sacri- another. The unrealistic expectations alteration within encompassing continuity; the ficing thousands of them in a war with created by these articles inevitably lead gradual submission of mind and body to easy us, if that could make Reagan appear to a disillusioning encounter with the yet powerful rhythms not elsewhere to be felt real macho and guarantee his re-election facts at some later date. Somehow the — a place where, as Izaak Walton liked to say, in 1984. we may 'study to be quiet.' indigenous populations never seem to We should let our U.S. Senators and have read the scripts the idealistic The old codger of Waller Creek Congressmen know that we don't want dreamers had in mind for them. moved some stones around. He thought. that to happen either. Instead, the Na- He wrote. Well done, old codger. Well tional boundaries of all those Central A revolution in Nicaragua was in- evitable — but no one should really be done. ❑ American countries should be policed surprised if the Sandinistas provoke another. THEY CALLED THEM R. T. Kleymeyer, 3922 Roseland, GREASERS Houston, Texas. Anglo Attitudes toward Mexicans in Texas, 1821-1900 Arnoldo De Leon Perot Fan I feel that I must comment on Geof- "A splendid book that illuminates frey Rips' assertion in his editorial our present by shedding light on a "White's Perot Factor" that White's dark corner of the Texas past." appointment of Perot to chair a commit- —David J. Weber tee studying public education in Texas Southern Methodist University "belies a cynicism and disrespect for Texas' needs and Texans' intelligence". For some, this book will make dis- I am a full-time teacher (Del Valle) turbing reading. Among its disquiet- who was in the TFT office when Mr. ing arguments is De Leon's conten- Perot arrived to speak with TFT Pres. tion that such Texas luminaries as John Cole on the 8th. I was invited to sit Walter Prescott Webb and Eugene in on the last 45 minutes of the Perot- C. Barker wrote of Anglo-Mexican Cole conference. Even though I don't relations with evident bias and defi- feel at liberty to discuss all the details of ciencies of research, describing their conversation, I can assure you and without censure a society that per- your readers that Perot was open to all mitted traditional violence against of our perspectives, including our views its ethnic minorities as a means of on teacher certification, equalization keeping them "in their place." salaries. . . . At bookstores. $19.95 $8.95 Paperback Even though it is unfortunate that no teachers are on the committee, I feel that your assertions of cynicism and disrespect are unjustified. r6-' N Sam Creswell, Pres., Del Valle Fed. University of Texas Press of Teachers, Box 1871, Del Valle, TX Box 7819 Austin, Texas 78712 78617. 22 AUGUST 19, 1983 SOCIAL CAUSE CALENDAR'

Notices on upcoming events must reach MLK COMMEMORATIVE MARCH PEACE POSTER the Observer at least three weeks in advance. The Jobs, Peace, and Freedom March A group of German peace activists, the and Rally commemorating the 20th anniver- Berliner Compagnie, is distributing an anti- CENTRAL AMERICA CONFERENCE sary of the march on Washington of Mar- Euromissile poster to U.S. citizens to The Central American Ministry Network tin Luther King, Jr., will be August 27 in publicize the October 22 European and is sponsoring a Consultation on Central Washington, D.C. Buses leave Texas American peace demonstrations. To order American Ministry and Strategies, August August 23-24. Call local peace activist the 23"x35" posters and/or flyers write 24-25, Ramada Inn, Harlingen. Resource organizations for information. The Houston Riverside Church Disarmament Program, leaders will be Bishop John Fitzpatrick, march for the same purpose will also be 490 Riverside Dr., New York, NY 10027. Dale de Haan, and Mary Solberg of the August 27, beginning at the Antioch Bap- Posters are $1 each, less for multiple Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Ser- tist Church, 313 Robin, 10 a.m., and end- orders. A smaller version announcing the vices. Call Frank Dietz, Texas Conference ing at City Hall. Call Debbie Barr, (713) October 22 statewide March for Peace and of Churches, (512) 478-7491, for 521-0104 for details. Justice is available from the Austin Peace information. and Justice Coalition, 1022 W. 6th St., Austin, 78703.

CHILD ABUSE . PREVENTION GRANTS Applications for mini-grants to develop FRITZ ROAST innovative child abuse prevention programs continue to be accepted by the Children and A statewide fundraising roast of Ned Youth Services Task Force of the Texas Fritz, Texas' most colorful environmentalist Conference of Churches. For examples of and chairman of the Texas Committee on non-traditional programs or for application Natural Resources, will be held Sept. 24, information write TCC, 2704 Rio Grande Twin Sixties Inn Ballroom, Dallas, 7:30 #9, Austin, 78705. p.m. Mistresses of ceremony will be Molly Ivins and Adlene Harrison. Tickets are $15. DALLAS PEACE CENTER Call (214) 368-1791 in Dallas or (512) The Dallas Peace Center has moved to 443-8037 in Austin for information. Write 3523 Asbury Ave., Dallas, 75205, (214) TCONR, 5518 Dyer #3B, Dallas, 75206, 521-9582. Contact them for resource for advance tickets. materials or news of Dallas peace activities. WOMEN'S RESOURCES The Austin Womenspace Collective, Progressive Organizations 2330 Guadalupe St., offers support groups, For some weeks now, the Observer has been creative workshops, alcohol and narcotic updating its mailing list of progressive organiza- abuse programs, poetry and writing classes, tions. Those groups that did not respond to our counseling, and other services for women. mailing, or could not be reached by phone or Call (512) 472-3053 for a newsletter and mail, were dropped from the list. Please send us FRANKIE RANDOLPH PARK the name, address, and phone number of any calendar of fall events. DEDICATION group we've omitted. The list is available for a CINEFESTIVAL '83 $5 processing fee to any group deemed pro- There will be a dedication of a new gressive in purpose. We are now filling orders San Antonio CineFestival '83, an inter- Harris County park to the memory of for the list. The Observer especially thanks those national Hispanic film festival sponsored by Frankie Carter Randolph (1894-1972) friends who helped with the updating task. the Guadalupe Cultural Arts Center, will on Aug. 28 from 5-10 p.m. Mrs. Ran- FORT WORTH be August 26-27, Centro de Artes, El Mer- dolph was a prime mover in the liberal ACLU, cado, San Antonio. The festival will wing of the Texas Democratic Party 534-6883; ACORN, 924-1401; Allied for many years, and was also co-owner Communities of Tarrant (ACT), 332-1830; premiere a Cuban film, "Retrato de Bread for the World (Dist. 12), 924-1440; Teresa" ("Portrait of Theresa"), about a and principal supporter of the Citizens for Education on Nuclear Arms young wife and mother in contemporary Observer for its first 13 years of ex- (CENA), 295-6587; Citizens for Fair Utility Cuba. Film and video producers will have istence.. The dedication ceremony will Regulations, 478-6372; Citizens' Party, an opportunity to exchange ideas and ex- include remarks by John Henry Faulk, 834-5123; Coalition of Labor Union Women, periences on the technical and artistic Harris County Commissioner Tom 540-1393; Conscientious Objector Awareness aspects of their work. Call Anna Maria Bass, Ronnie Dugger, and Ralph Yar- Cmte., 457-6148; Dist. 10 Demos., 283-7001; Pena at (512) 271-3151 for information. borough. Music will be provided by Dist. 12 Demos., 535-7803; Farm Workers' Jerry Jeff Walker among others; Support Cmte., 927-0808; Fellowship of FUNDRAISING SEMINARS refreshments will be served. The park Reconciliation (FOR), 274-7554; First Friday, 927-0808; Ft. Worth Task Force on Central The Grantsmanship Center will present is located in Harris County on Clear America, 921-0419; IMPACT, 9234806; Men- "Fundraising Week, Five 1-Day Seminars Creek at FM 2351. tal Health Assn., 335-5405; Mexican-American for Nonprofit Organizations," August Demos., 626-8305; NOW, 338-4456; Nuclear 29-September 2, Dallas. Registration fees Weapons Freeze Campaign, 926-3827; Sierra vary with size of organization. Seminars MORE PEACE RESOURCES Club, 923-9718; Tarrant Co. Demo. Womens' cover special event fundraising, direct mail The Interfaith Peaceforce of Houston has Club, 261-6583; Tarrant Co. Precinct campaigns, foundation grants, corporate many national sources for peace and justice Workers' Club, 429-2706; Tx. Coalition of Black Demos., 534-7737; Tx. Tenants' Union, giving, and effective board management. pamphlets, fact sheets, brochures, and Call 1-800-421-9512 or (214) 749-4721 for 923-5071; Traditional Native American Cir- education packets. For information write cle, 926-9258; Women's Political Caucus, information. IPH, 4907 Canis, Houston, 77091. 336-8700.

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COMMUNITY ORGANIZERS --- ACORN WE DON'T EXPECT EVERY WOMAN to join needs organizers to work with low and moderate the National Organization for Women. Just the CLASSIFIED income families in 16 states for political and 100,000,000 who are discriminated against and-the NUCLEAR ARMS CONTROL HOTLINE. Call economic justice. Direct action on neighborhood men who care. $27. Texas NOW, Box 1131, (202) 543-0006 to get the latest information on arms deterioration, utility rates, taxes, health care. Tangi- Richardson, TX 75080. control and military budget legislation, and what ble results and enduring rewards -- long hours and ' "Hammers," "Yankee you can do about it. Updated weekly. 100 Maryland low pay. Training provided. Contact ACORN at SUNBELT COMIX — Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20002. Council for (214) 823-4580, Dallas; (817) 9244401, Ft. Worth; Funnies," "Watermelon Acres," and other a Livable World. (713) 523-6989, Houston; (512) 442-8321, Austin. stories about life in the sunbelt. $1 a copy, plus 37C postage. Sunbelt Coinix, 10149 Hammerly LECTURES ON HUMAN EMOTIONS — one FAMILY THERAPIST, HOUSTON: Mary Jane #28, Houston, Texas 77080. Hurlbert, M.Ed., 3220 Louisiana, 527-0712, lecture or a series. Lois Fabs Timmins, Ed.D. 22 clinical member, American Association for Mar- years psychiatric experience. Inquiries welcomed. BACKPACKING — MOUNTAINEERING — riage and Family Therapy; individuals, couples, 6145 Anita St., Dallas, Texas 75214. RAFTING. Outback Expeditions, P.O. Box 44, families, groups. LEGAL RESEARCH. LAW STUDENTS pro- Terlingua, Texas 79852. (915) 371-2490. ORGANIZER/COALITION COORDINATOR. vide reasonably. Mark Ryan, "Law," Box 116, FREEWHEELING BICYCLES. 2404 San Dallas, Texas 75275. Gabriel, Austin. For whatever your bicycle needs. Primarily responsible for designing and implemen- ting Organizing and Technical Assistance Program JOIN THE ACLU. Membership $20. Texas Civil BOOK HUNTING? No obligation search for rare for community organizations confronting pesticide Liberties Union, 600 West 7th, Austin 78701. or out-of-print books. Ruth and John McCully, AR- JAY Books. (512) 263-2957. 2500 River Hills and related health and economic issues. Re- DRAFT REGISTRATION QUESTIONS? Draft Road, Austin 78746. quirements: experience in grassroots organizing and counseling available from American Friends Ser- coalition building around rural toxic, farm worker, vice Committee, 1022 W. 6th, Austin 78703 (512) DUGGER & SON INC. Homebuilding, commer- other labor and/or consumer issues, preferably in 474-2399. cial building, remodeling, additions, repairs, fences. Texas; excellent administrative, organizational and RESEARCH/WRITING/EDITING HELP: Write Gary Dugger at 3103 Wabash, Austin 78705, or come by. communication skills; experience working with Literature reviews, finished drafts, revised drafts, press; bilingual preferred. Salary from $16,000 plus copy editing, proofreading. I am particularly in- THE GREAT AMERICAN CHILI BOOK — benefits. Send resume by September 15 to Texas terested in helping legislative committees research Immediate Delivery, $9 postpaid. Box 284, Ven- Center for Rural Studies, P.O. Box 2618, Austin, and prepare mandated interim reports. Former tura, CA 93002. TX 78768. Senate Journal and Legislative Council pro- TEXAS BOOKS & AUTHORS MAGAZINE: ofreader. Thirty-five years of freelance writing Classified advertising is 304 per word. Discounts $10.00 for six issues. Write Dept. A-6, Box 13622, experience. Jack M. Swartout, 300 Brentwood for multiple insertions within a 12-month period: Houston 77007. Drive, Austin, Texas. (512) 453-7517. 25 times, 50%; 12 times, 25%; 6 times, 10%.

24 AUGUST 19, 1983