Offshore Technology Yearbook 2O18 Turning experience into customer value: Greater rotor for greater benefit

Siemens Gamesa puts the power in your hands. The new SG 8.0-167 DD, with its B81 blades, allows for an 18 % greater swept area and up to 20 % higher annual energy production than the SG-7.0 offshore direct drive turbine.

As part of the proven offshore direct drive platform, the SG 8.0-167 DD utilizes known technology, combined with its rotor upgrade, to offer customers reliable revenue streams with reduced cost of energy and mitigated risk. This is how we turn more than 25 years of offshore experience into customer value.

www.siemensgamesa.com 2O18 21 June 2018 03

2O18 Market leaders break from the pack with Cable-lay vessels have 8MW and 9.5MW models heading for the water been added to the in next two years, writes Todd Westbrook listings stable for renews Offshore Technology Yearbook 2018, the he heavy hitters of the Industry observers said they pioneers into 10MW-plus offshore turbine world expect both the 8.0-167 technology over the last 10 third edition of our Tare inching towards and V164 offerings to ramp years,” he said. indispensible guide to 10MW territory as part of a up still plays host to journey expected to result in following initial operational a dizzying array of turbine the hardware and assets hardware rated at 13MW to experiences, further fine- technologies, many previously required to deliver an 15MW before the middle of tuning of control systems and adapted from onshore the next decade. site-specific assessments. machines but increasingly offshore farm. and An unnamed manufacturer with an offshore-only focus MHI are dominating is already discussing designed specifically for lower the market with top-tier deployment of a 10MW-plus wind speeds. offerings designed to produce prototype turbine at an CSIC Haizhuang installed maximum returns from offshore wind port facility in its H151-5.0MW technology projects being built both in Rotterdam from end-2019, last year at Huaneng Rudong the increasingly subsidy-free although it is unclear whether and was poised to supply northern European sector that will be targeted for two units to the struggling and emerging nations. eventual use onshore or off. Tri floating demo The Danish manufacturer’s Rival manufacturers off . Envision has a V164-9.5MW machine, which continue to offer 6MW-class range of turbines for its home only reached prototype stage hardware while looking to market but will have high last year, has already been make a quantum leap to hopes for the success of its lined up for nine projects 10MW-plus machines without top-tier 136/4.2MW machine. including Parkwind’s 224MW the intermediate steps taken continues to Northwester 2 off Belgium as by the current market leaders. offer its 3MW turbine ahead soon as next year. GE aims to have its of planned installation of Other conditional or Haliade-X 12MW prototype a prototype for its GW6.X CONTENTS: preferred orders include installed at a European site platform this year. The latter EDPR’s 950MW Moray East off in mid-2019. The direct- will feature 6.45MW and CURRENT Scotland and Innogy’s 860MW drive machine will feature 6.7MW iterations and blades TURBINES p3 off while blades of 107 metres and ranging between 154 metres the turbine is also expected include power electronics and 171 metres. HISTORIC to feature off the Netherlands in the to minimise Ming Yang is installing TURBINES p16 and Taiwan. the amount of offshore 3MW and 6MW models Siemens Gamesa took the commissioning. produced under licence from FLOATING wraps off its 8.0-167 model Certification is expected in German technology developer CONCEPTS p41 late last year. The German- mid-2020 followed by serial Aerodyn Engineering while Spanish company said at the production the same year also developing an in-house INSTALLATION time the 167-metre rotor with deployment due in 2021. 6.5MW model, although VESSELS p53 would provide “even higher is leading details of the latter from what energy yields at lower wind the 14-strong ReaLCoE is no longer a listed company CABLE-LAY speeds”. consortium in pursuit of a are few and far between. VESSELS p69 Orders have already been long-mooted turbine of more Shanghai Electric last year lined up for 11 wind farms, than 10MW. A pre-series extended a long-standing FABRICATION starting in 2020 with delivery offshore array is planned licence deal with Siemens to Orsted’s 752MW for 2021 to validate the Gamesa and will produce YARDS p75 1&2 off the Netherlands and concept, which itself will build a local version of the Otary’s 266MW Mermaid and on a “successful prototype new 8.0-167 turbine. The 246MW Seastar off Belgium. operation” due at an expanded Sewind line-up is PROJECT POINTER Further supply deals will unspecified date in the next likely to remain one of the Turn to page 82 for an follow off , few years. most popular platforms off index of offshore wind and Taiwan. One long-time independent mainland China. farms and the turbine models deployed along The manufacturer has developer of large-scale The nascent US market with a cross-reference already produced initial B82 offshore turbines said it is is so far content to look to to their main OTY2018 blades for the prototype encouraging to see lessons Europe for turbine supply listings. and is at an advanced stage learned across the industry but, as happened with its Images are reproduced with fabrication of the tower, being put into practice at onshore wind sector, calls courtesy of the relevant manufacturer/owner-operator nacelle, generator and hub. actual projects. for local content will become unless otherwise stated. The first iteration will go “It is satisfying to see the impossible to ignore should Front cover image courtesy of up onshore in autumn at the market catching up with the the country’s multi-gigawatt www.innogy.com Osterild test site in Denmark. work done by some of the ambitions become a reality. n CURRENT TURBINES 2O18 21 June 2018 04

2-B Energy 2B6 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 140.6m Two-bladed downwind turbine designed for a 40-year service life with ‘an integral 0 Power rating 6.0MW plant approach’. The design has two nacelle levels, a passive cooler platform, a Number of blades 2 self-aligning ‘soft yaw’ system, and a lattice-type welded truss tower. The latter ‘open’ Product status Orientation Downwind structure extends from the seabed to the nacelle yaw . Prototype installation completed in Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Eemshaven, Netherlands, September Head mass N/A Product notes 2015 Specific power 386W/m2 1. 6.2MW configuration with potential 12MW machine also proposed. Prototype 2015 2. Modular platform design aimed at rapid upscaling in line with market demand. Track record Introduction 2007 3. ‘Soft yaw’ capability means the rotor follows wind direction changes automatically 1 (onshore prototype) Usage Offshore in normal operating mode, and then only requires some nacelle yaw dampening Power electronics Medium voltage motion. In emergency situations, like a combination of extreme weather and/or generation system eliminates full size turbine failure, eight yaw motors are activated for bringing the turbine into a safe transformer at turbine level non-operating position. The extra ninth motor provides system redundancy. Drive train Non-integrated high-speed 4. Small MV transformer connects the modular converter and other power consumers. geared, four-point gearbox support, three-stage gearbox with side torque supports and a DFIG

Adwen AD 5-135 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I/S Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 135m Evolution of offshore-dedicated first-generation ‘super class’ Multibrid M5000-116 1 – Wikinger, Germany (70 units, installed Power rating 5.0MW with new enlarged rotor, +35% rotor swept area and in-house blades. 2017 commissioning ongoing) Number of blades 3 Orientation Upwind Product notes Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 1. Generates ±8% more energy than the M5000-116 at 9 metres per second mean No longer offered for commercial sale Head mass 375T (nacelle 235T, rotor 140T) wind speed sites found on the French coast but diminishing difference at higher following discontinuation of Adwen Specific power 349W/m2 wind speed () sites. product line in wake of merger of Siemens Prototype 2013 2. German engineering consultancy Aerodyn Energiesysteme presented initial concept and Gamesa Introduction 2011 of this patented design with 100-metre rotor diameter in 1998. Usage Offshore 3. The third Multibrid 5MW technology owner/licensee Prokon Nord installed M5000 Track record Power electronics Tower base prototype in 2004; this initial model has rather small nacelle and was later renamed 1 M5000-135 prototype, 70 offshore Drive train Fully integrated highly compact onshore version. The fourth owner Wind (51% share 2007) developed a new drivetrain comprising 1.5-stage offshore version with spacious service-friendly nacelle. planetary gearbox with i = 1:10 step-up 4. Gearbox journal bearings are a genuine wind industry novelty. Single rotor bearing. ratio and PMG incorporated in compact 5. Full nacelle exchange when major mechanical issue occurs. single load-carrying cast structure

Aeromaster 5.0 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIB Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 139m Compact high-speed geared Aeromaster 0 Power rating 5.0MW design available with either Number of blades 3 squirrel-cage induction type generator or Product status Orientation Upwind PMG. IEC I version with 130-metre rotor Semi-commercial Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed diameter and specific power rating of Head mass N/A 377W/m2. Track record Specific power 329W/m2 Hyosung prototype installed February Prototype 2014, Korea; 2015, China Product notes 2014 at Jeju Island, South Korea. Windey Introduction N/A 1. Turbine design by Aerodyn Energiesysteme of Germany, licensed or via other technology transfer agreement passed on to Korean prototype installed 2015 in China Usage Offshore company Hyosung and Chinese firm Windey. Power electronics Inside nacelle 2. Unit is Aerodyn’s third 5MW turbine development project after Multibrid and Bard 5.0. Drive train Structurally stiff and strong 3. Blade AerodynBlade 5.0-68.0 design, which was manufactured for the Hyosung prototype in China by Aeolon. cast main bearing unit incorporating 4. Helicopter hoisting platform atop nacelle rear. main shaft supported in two main 5. Three-stage gearbox with hydraulic side supports aimed at better protection during high-load conditions. Choice between medium- bearings voltage PMG used by Hyosung and low-voltage squirrel-type induction generator incorporated in Windey protoype. 6. Development under way on potential next-generation upgrade to 10MW or more.

CSIC Haizhuang H151-5.0MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIIB+ Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 151m Low and medium wind high-speed geared turbine model with super-size rotor 1 – Huaneng Rudong , China Power rating 5.0MW diameter for 5MW class. The design is likely again yield-optimised for Wind Class IIIB+ (20 units, 2017) Number of blades 3 conditions. Orientation Upwind Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Commercially available Head mass 370-380T 1. Fitted with 73-metre+ LM blades. Specific power 279W/m2 2. Fitted with in-house manufactured gearbox. Track record Prototype 2013 3. CISC H127-5.0MW sister model with smaller 127-metre rotor diameter for IEC I Up to 20 Introduction 2012 envisaged but status unknown. Usage Onshore and offshore Power electronics N/A Drive train Semi-integrated high-speed geared; single rotor bearing and short hollow main shaft flanged to the three- stage gearbox fitted with torque side supports; PMG 2O18 21 June 2018 05

AMSC SeaTitan PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IB Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 190m, was 164m until 2010 Self-supporting semi-integrated cast drive train 0 Power rating 10MW structure mounted directly to the ; Number of blades 3 flanged main shaft housing; mass-optimised Product status Orientation Upwind cast chassis. Advanced product development stage Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Head mass < 500T Product notes Track record Specific power 352W/m2 1. SeaTitan direct drive generators utilise high 0 Prototype No temperature superconductor rotors rather Introduction 2009 than copper, which enables the generator to Usage Offshore; additional plan for be much smaller, lighter, more efficient and onshore PrairieTitan sister model less expensive than conventional large-scale announced in 2010 wind turbine generators. Power electronics Full converter and 2. Rare earth materials are eliminated. MV-transformer likely in tower base 3. No commercial application of HTS generators Drive train Direct driven high temperature in wind turbines yet. superconductor generator attached to 4. AMSC-recognised HTS pioneer. the main casting

Doosan WinDS3000 Photo: CDS PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 91.3m Builds on 2MW WT2000 predecessor. New AMSC Windtec drive train layout 2 – Woljeong Offshore, South Korea (1 Power rating 3MW comprising cast shaft with integrated moment bearing and separate gearbox. Available unit, 2012), Tamra Offshore, South Korea Number of blades 3 for three IEC wind classes, this model version has the smallest rotor. (10 units, 2016) Orientation Upwind Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Product status Head mass N/A 1. Co-operation with AMSC. Commercially available Specific power 458W/m2 2. Fitted with PMG. Prototype N/A 3. Cast main shaft with integrated moment bearing. Flanged three-stage differential Track record Introduction N/A gearbox. Torque transfer via torque linkage. High-speed generator mounted 15 Usage Onshore and offshore at separate bolted-on generator frame. 6-pole generator options PMG, classic Power electronics In tower base synchronous or DFIG. Drive train High-speed geared

Safely taking offshore wind installation to new heights

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Doosan WinDS5500 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 140m New turbine design builds on AMSC WT3000 predecessor with typical AMSC Windtec 1 – Southwestern, Korea (11 units, Power rating 5.5MW drive train layout. Model previously developed by AMSC and Hyundai. Also under planned 2019) Number of blades 3 development with Dongfang of China but status of that partnership unclear. Orientation Upwind Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Commercially available Head mass N/A 1. Model also called Hyundai HQ5500/140 and Dongfang DEC DF140 5.5. Both fitted with a PMG and basic specifications comparable. Specific power 357W/m2 2. WT5500FC main bearing unit with two tapered roller bearings and cast main shaft and cast housing; flanged three or four-stage Track record Prototype 2012 differential gearbox torque transfer via elastomer-hydraulic torque support; high-speed generator mounted at separate bolted-on N/A Introduction 2010 generator frame; generator options PMG and classic synchronous. Usage Onshore and offshore 3. AMSC co-operation for a 5.5MW technology co-development with unveiled January 2010, giving Chinese firm the Power electronics In tower base exclusive rights for a full conversion turbine design in China; a second co-development agreement for a 5.5MW turbine with Hyundai Drive train High-speed geared Heavy Industries of Korea sealed in June 2010. 4. First prototype onshore by Dongfang at Nantong, China, in 2012. Second prototype at Rudong intertidal wind farm in eastern China in 2013, third on Jeju Island in South Korea 2014. 5. Doosan acquired the prototype turbine, design and rights to manufacture and sell the 5.5MW technology in 2017. AMSC is exclusive supplier of electrical control systems for the turbine.

Envision 136/4.2MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class S Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 136m Turbine model with ‘classic’ state-of-the-art non-integrated mechanical drive train 3 – Huaneng Rudong, China (12 units, Power rating 4.2MW design popular with many competitors. 2017); Longyuan Chiang Sand, China (75 Number of blades 3 units, 2018); Dongtai (12 units, 2019) Orientation Upwind Product notes Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 1. Modest specific power rating for high-wind IEC class S turbine but specifications Product status Head mass N/A making it suitable for inter-tidal and other projects with lower mean wind speeds. Commercially available Specific power 289W/m2 2. Modular gearbox design enables perhaps easier in-board repairs. Prototype Likely 2015 3. In 2017, Envision announced plans for a 4.5MW upgrade with 148m rotor. Track record Introduction 2010 Prototype planned for 2018. 87 units Usage Onshore and offshore Power electronics N/A Drive train Non-integrated high-speed geared; four-point gearbox support (main shaft and two rotor bearings), three-stage modular gearbox with separate flanged gear stages and induction generator

GE 2.0-107 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Likely IIS Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 107m Onshore-dedicated model and evolutionary further development of GE’s 1.5W, 1 –Khai Long 1 & 2, Vietnam (50 units Power rating 2.0MW 1.6MW, 1.7MW, and 1.85MW model variants, starting with the initial 1.5MW Tacke in phase 1, partially onshore and under Number of blades 3 TW1.5 turbine featuring 65-metre rotor diameter introduced in 1996. GE (formerly construction, 2018, total 100 2.0-107 units Orientation Upwind Enron) installed an initial seven 1.5MW turbines featuring a 70.5-metre rotor diameter planned for phase 2) Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed in Swedish waters during 2000. Head mass N/A Product status Specific power 222W/m2 Product notes Successor model variants with 2.2MW- Prototype N/A 1. Evolutionary further development builds at one of the world’s most successful 2.4MW ratings and 107-metre rotor Introduction New 2.0MW-2.4MW 1.5MW/1.6MW product platforms. diameter platform at AWEA 2015 2. Wind industry pioneer using DFIG since 1996. Usage Mostly onshore Track record Power electronics All located in tower base N/A Drive train Non-integrated high-speed geared; three-point gearbox support (main shaft and single rotor bearing), three-stage gearbox and DFIG

GE Haliade 150-6.0MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IB Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 150.8m Unusual Pure Torque direct drive concept aimed at fully separating rotor bending 8 – Block Island, US (5 units, 2016); Fujian Power rating 6MW moments and generator-rotor torque; front mounted inner-rotor PMG with 7.5-metre Xinghua, China (3 units, 2018); Merkur Number of blades 3 outer diameter. Offshore, Germany (66 units, 2018-19); Orientation Upwind Golfe du Lion, France (4 units, 2021); Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Groix & Belle-Ile, France, (4 units, 2021); Head mass ±400T 1. Uses LM 73.5 blade of the advanced GloBlade series. Courseulles, France (75 units, 2023); Specific power 336W/m2 2. Not long after commissioning the second offshore prototype a major generator issue Fecamp, France (83 units, 2023); Saint- Prototype Onshore early 2012, France was discovered in both turbines, a magnets glue bonding issue impacting some of in Nazaire, France (80 units, 2023) Offshore at Belwind wind farm, total 256 magnets carriers, each of which accommodates the magnets. November 2013 3. First generator of 300-unit serial batch completed February 2016. Product status Introduction 2011 4. Rotor hub has two internal main bearings rotates at stationary hollow shaft (main Offered to projects ‘where it makes sense’ Usage Offshore pin); inner generator rotor part rotates at separate third bearing and is attached to pending arrival of Haliade-X 12MW unit Power electronics Tower base the rotor hub via six elastic coupling elements arranged in opposing pairs equally Drive train Converteam MV-generator interspaced at 120 degrees; internal hub service access via the main pin to the rotor Track record with stator subdivided in three hub. 9 including prototype at Belwind field off 120-degree segments, each functioning 5. Nacelle assembly, generator and blade manufacturing facilities in France. Belgium electrically as a separate generator 2O18 21 June 2018 07

GE Haliade-X 12MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Likely I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 220m Next-generation direct drive offshore 0 Power rating 12MW turbine with rotor diameter of 220m. Pitch- Number of blades 3 controlled, variable-speed machine features Product status Orientation Upwind power electronics in the nacelle to provide In development Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed for minimal commissioning offshore. Head mass N/A Track record Specific power N/A Product notes 0 Prototype Due mid-2019 1. Will feature 107m blades to be produced Introduction Serial production from 2020 in Cherbourg, France. Usage Offshore 2. Prototype expected at a European test site Power electronics In nacelle in mid-2019 with certification expected Drive train PMG direct drive by mid-2020. 3. Serial production is due to kick off in 2020 for deployment from 2021.

Goldwind GW-121/3000 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 121m State-of-the-art lightweight direct drive turbine model with front-mounted, in-house 1 - Xiangshui offshore demonstration Power rating 3.0MW developed fully-enclosed PMG. project, China (18 units out of 55 at site, Number of blades 3 2016); Jiangsu Binhai, China (50 units, Orientation Upwind Product notes 2019) Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 1. Emeritus professor Friedrich Klinger of Saarland University of Applied Sciences in Head mass N/A Saarbrucken (Germany) developed both initial 1.5MW Vensys 70/77 and 2.5MW Product status Specific power 261W/m2 Vensys 90/100 platforms with largely engineering student teams. N/A Prototype N/A 2. 3.0MW licence product platform developed by Vensys, 109-metre rotor diameter Introduction N/A exclusive for Goldwind. Track record Usage Onshore and offshore 3. Goldwind is the main licensee and main shareholder. Offshore at least 18 units Power electronics In tower base 4. Low head mass was main initial development driver, further evolution into current Drive train Cast main carrier; 3.0MW platform. front-mounted generator and single 5. Unique blade pitch system with belt drive operates without requiring lubrication and rotor bearing with minimal wear and maintenance requirement.

Goldwind GW6.X PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Likely I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 154m-171m 6MW platform designed specifically for high- Prototype planned for deployment in 2018 Power rating 6.45/6.7MW wind speed offshore sites and available in a Number of blades 3 variety of rotors and power modes. Product status Orientation Upwind Testing and validation Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Head mass N/A 1. Prototype due to be installed in 2018. Track record Specific power N/A 2. Product upgrade from previously planned 0 Prototype Scheduled 2018 5MW unit and based on proven PMG Introduction N/A concept. Usage Offshore 3. Available as 6.7MW unit with 154m rotor Power electronics Likely in tower base and 6.45MW model with either 164m or Drive train Expected front-mounted 171m rotor. Goldwind in-house PMG and single 4. Features Powernest wind farm cluster control technology, extendable helicopter platform. rotor bearing 4. Initial blades produced by LM Wind.

Guodian UP3000-100 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 100.8m Conventional high-speed geared . N/A Power rating 3.0MW Number of blades 3 Product notes Product status Orientation Upwind 1. Guodian United Power signed a design contract for the joint development of the Likely commercially available Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed UP3000 incorporating a DFIG with Garrad Hassan (now DNV GL) in 2009. Head mass N/A 2. GUP owns the UP3000 IP rights, which includes an IEC IIIA sister model version with Track record Specific power 376W/m2 108m rotor diameter. 1 Prototype 2011 (onshore); 2012 (offshore) 3. GUP also developed a direct drive version of the UP3000-100, again with a choice Introduction 2009 between 100.8m and 108m rotor diameters. Current product status is unknown. Usage Offshore 4. Non-integrated drive train with three-point gearbox support (main shaft and single Power electronics Inside nacelle rotor bearing), three-stage gearbox or four-stage differential gearbox with DFIG. Drive train Non-integrated; three-stage 5. Onshore version deployed in 2013 at 15-unit Yanmenguan wind farm, Shanxi gearbox or four-stage province (pictured). differential gearbox 2O18 21 June 2018 08

Guodian UP6000-154 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IB Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 154m (initial 2012 High-speed geared design to a substantial degree developed in-house. Turbine is likely N/A prototype 136m) fitted with independent pitch control for reducing rotor and turbine loading. Power rating 6.0MW Product status Number of blades 3 Product notes N/A Orientation Upwind 1. Second prototype called second-generation 6MW turbine, aimed at being better Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed suited to Chinese offshore conditions with generally substantially lower mean wind Track record Head mass N/A speeds compared with, for instance, the North Sea. 1 prototype confirmed Specific power 322W/m2 2. Blades quoted as contacting carbon, indicating lower mass compared with similar Prototype 2012 size blades but made of glass fibre reinforced epoxy or polyester. Introduction 2011 3. DFIG Usage Offshore 4. First onshore prototype began operating during November 2012 at Weifang, Power electronics N/A Shandong province. Second offshore prototype with enlarged rotor planned for Drive train Likely three-stage gearbox or installation in 2015. four-stage differential gearbox

Hitachi HTW5.2-127 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class S (equivalent to IEC IA), Key characteristics Offshore projects including for typhoon-prone sites Three-bladed downwind turbine builds technologically on 2MW HTW2.0-80 and 1 – Changhua, Taiwan (21 units, 2020) Rotor diameter 127.0m 5.0MW HTW5.0-126. Power rating 5.2MW Product status Number of blades 3 Product notes N/A Orientation Downwind 1. Upgrade of 5.0MW HTW5.0-126. Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 2. Passive cooling system with capacity optimised by adapting nacelle shape. Track record Head mass N/A 3. Normal operation active yaw action; free-yawing during shut-down in high . 0 Specific power 410W/m2 4. Hitachi acquired the Fuji Heavy Industries (FHI) wind turbine business in July Prototype Onshore 2015 2012, widening the company’s in-house product development and manufacturing Introduction N/A capabilities. Usage Offshore fixed and floating 5. Rotating torque shaft links hub and gearbox input shaft and transmits torque only. Power electronics In tower base Drive train Compact medium-speed geared system with PMG; rotor hub supported by two bearings at stationary shaft for transmitting rotor bending moments directly to main load-carrying structure

Hitachi HTW5.2-136 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class S (equivalent to IEC IA), Key characteristics Offshore projects including for typhoon-prone sites Three-bladed downwind turbine builds technologically on 2MW HTW2.0-80 and 2 – Fukushima Forward, Phase 2, Japan (1 Rotor diameter 136.0m 5.0MW HTW5.0-126. unit, 2017), Kashima Port, Japan (planned Power rating 5.2MW 25 units, status unclear) Number of blades 3 Product notes Orientation Downwind 1. 16.5% rotor swept area increment compared with HTW5.0-126 offers higher yield Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed potential in low wind areas. N/A Head mass N/A 2. Upgrade of 5.0MW HTW5.0-126 with enlarged 127-metre rotor diameter Specific power 358W/m2 simultaneously introduced. Track record Prototype Scheduled for October 2016 3. Passive cooling system with capacity optimised by adapting nacelle shape. 1 with commercial release in FY2017 4. Normal operation active yaw action; free-yawing during shut-down in high winds. Introduction September 2016 5. Hitachi acquired the Fuji Heavy Industries (FHI) wind turbine business in July Usage Developed for low-wind fixed and 2012, widening the company’s in-house product development and manufacturing floating offshore capabilities. Power electronics In tower base 6. Rotating torque shaft links hub and gearbox input shaft and transmits torque only. Drive train Compact medium-speed geared system with PMG 2O18 21 June 2018 09

Japan Steel Works J82-2.0/II PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class S Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 83.3m Technologically based on the Zephyros Z72 turbine model installed in the Netherlands 1 – Kitakyushu, Japan (1 unit, 2012) Power rating 2MW in 2002. The extended nacelle rear section incorporated the power electronics. The Number of blades 3 innovative compact direct drive concept with an enlarged rotor diameter featured few Product status Orientation Upwind moving parts, including single rotor bearing and front mounted generator, with hollow Unknown Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed bearing and generator inner support structure enabling easy service access to the hub. Head mass 136T (nacelle generator Track record 34T, generator 60T, rotor 42T) Product notes 1 Specific power 367W/m2 1. Evolution of 2MW Zephyros Z72 model. Prototype N/A 2. Status of J82-2.0/II is unknown, newer J100/2.7MW announced but status also Introduction 2000 unclear. Usage Mainly onshore 3. Original technology development started in 2000 as partnership of Zephyros Power electronics Likely in nacelle consortium leader Lagerwey the Windmaster, power-engineering giant ABB, Drive train 660V inner-rotor heavylift specialist Mammoet, rotor blade supplier Polymarin, control specialist PMG with passive air cooling by passing Prolion and mechanical engineering specialist WWT. wind flow over exposed stator outer surface

Mecal 12MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 200m Compact lightweight design aimed at lower logistics, 0 Power rating 12.0MW installation and support structure costs. Number of blades 3 Product status Orientation Upwind Product notes Seeking outside investment Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 1. Outcome of initial baseline study, scaling from 6MW and Head mass 1049T (nacelle 645T, 155-metre rotor diameter to 12MW/200m. Track record rotor 404T) 2. Later mass reduction achieved through optimisation steps. 0 Specific power 382W/m2 3. Main frame with integrated main bearing housing. Prototype None, concept study 4. Compact nacelle with active rear-mounted cooler and presented at EWEA in early 2013 integrated helicopter hoisting platform. Introduction Study published 2013 5. Specific power rating in line with MHI -8.0MW Usage Offshore and Siemens Gamesa D7 platforms. Power electronics Likely in tower base Drive train Semi-integrated medium- speed geared; planetary gearbox and not defined generator topology; single ‘moment’ rotor bearing

MHI Vestas V112-3.45MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 112m Evolutionary successor to the MHI Vestas V112-3.3MW model. 1 – Rampion, UK (116 units, 2017) Power rating 3.45MW Number of blades 3 Product notes Product status Orientation Upwind 1. Power boost to 3.6MW optional on project-specific basis. Commercially available Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 2. Maximum individual transport sub-assembly mass of 70T. Head mass 180T 3. Key overall focus at reliability enhancement with a passive CoolerTop cooling system Track record Specific power 350W/m2 incorporated. 0 Prototype Upgrade of 3.3MW series 4. Gearbox and other main component exchange much simplified and more service- Introduction 2015 friendly compared with the lightweight V90-3.0MW offshore model; three-point Usage Onshore and offshore gearbox support (main shaft and single rotor bearing), three-stage or four-stage Power electronics Up tower differential gearbox, IG. Drive train Non-integrated high-speed geared

MHI Vestas V117-4.2MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IB Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 117m Classic state-of-the-art non-integrated mechanical drive train design also popular with 0 Power rating 3.45MW competitors. Number of blades 3 Product status Orientation Upwind Product notes Commercially available Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 1. 9.1% larger rotor swept area compared with V112 model versions. Head mass 180T 2. 3.45MW variant superseded. Track record Specific power 321W/m2 3. Maximum individual transport sub-assembly mass 70T. 0 Prototype Upgrade to 3.3MW series 4. Key overall focus at reliability enhancement with a passive CoolerTop cooling system. Introduction September 2015 5. Gearbox and other main component exchange much simplified and more service- Usage Onshore and offshore friendly compared with the lightweight V90-3.0MW; three-point gearbox support Power electronics Up tower (main shaft and single rotor bearing), three-stage or four-stage differential gearbox Drive train Non-integrated high-speed and IG. geared 2O18 21 June 2018 10

MHI Vestas V126-3.45MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIA/IIB Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 126m Platform expansion; optimised load-carrying structure compared to V126-3.3MW 1 – Lake Erie Icebreaker freshwater Power rating 3.45MW predecessor for IEC III; after V90-3.0MW ongoing evolution of ‘classic’ state-of-the-art project, US (6 units, expected 2019-20) Number of blades 3 non-integrated mechanical drive train design also popular with many competitors. Orientation Upwind Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Commercially available Head mass N/A 1. 26.6% larger rotor swept area compared to initial V112 model. Specific power 277W/m2 2. Power boost to 3.6MW optional. Track record Prototype Part of upgrade 3.3MW 3. Maximum individual transport (sub)-assembly mass 70T. New addition series in 2015 4. Key overall focus at reliability enhancement with, for instance, a passive CoolerTop Introduction September 2015 cooling system. Usage Onshore and offshore 5. Gearbox and other main components exchange much simplified; service friendly Power electronics Up tower compared to lightweight V90-3.0MW. Drive train Non-integrated high-speed geared; three-point gearbox support (main shaft and single rotor bearing), three-stage or four-stage (differential) gearbox and Induction Generator

MHI Vestas V136-4.2MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I, site dependent Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 136m New addition to offshore product line based on 4MW platform also offered onshore 0 Power rating 4.2MW by Vestas. Number of blades 3 Product status Orientation Upwind Product notes Commercially available Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 1. Key overall focus at reliability enhancement with, for instance, a passive CoolerTop Head mass N/A cooling system. Track record Specific power N/A 2. Gearbox and other main components exchange much simplified; service-friendly New addition Prototype Part of upgrade 3.3MW compared to lightweight V90-3.0MW. series in 2015 Introduction September 2015 Usage Onshore and offshore Power electronics Up tower Drive train Non-integrated high-speed geared

MHI Vestas V164-8.0MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Offshore projects IEC class S Key characteristics 10 – Burbo Bank 2, UK (32 units, 2017); Rotor diameter 164m Turbine incorporates self-supporting tube shape drive train with bolted flange Blyth, UK (5x8.4MW, 2017); Walney 3 Power rating 8MW interconnections between main components. Main shaft housing also serves as drive West, UK (40x8.25MW, 2017); Aberdeen, Number of blades 3 train structural main element mounted directly to a mass-optimised cast chassis. UK (9x8.4MW, 2x8.8MW 2018); Orientation Upwind 3, Denmark (49x8.3MW, 2018); Borkum Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Riffgrund 2, Germany (56x8.3MW, 2019); Head mass 500T (Nacelle + hub 390T; 1. 7MW V164-7.0MW introduced in 2011, upgrade to 8MW unveiled October 2012. Norther, Belgium (44x8.4MW, 2019); DeBu, blades each 34T) 2. Since 2006-07, main focus on reliability enhancement and reducing downtime- Germany (30x8.4MW, 2019); Kincardine, Specific power 379W/m2 related warranty provisions through improving lost production factor performance. UK (6x8.4MW, provisionally 2019); Prototype 2014 (onshore V164-8.0MW, 3. 8.25MW power boost option first time applied at Walney 3 West, UK. Latest power Windfloat, (3x8.3MW, 2019) Osterild, Denmark) boost up to 8.8MW. Introduction 2011 (V164-7.0MW) 4. Two-stage planetary or differential gearbox and PMG; main shaft with two Product status Usage Offshore bearings attached to gearbox and PMG via flexible shaft coupling; flanged interface Commercially available Power electronics AC/DC rectifier in connections virtually eliminate misalignment risks. nacelle rear; DC-power is fed to 5. 14m E-module incorporates power supply cabinets, transformer and switchgear. Track record a DC/AC inverter in the tower base 6. New gearbox tested on prototype installed at Osterild prior to offshore installation 80-plus (including 1 Osterild prototype Drive train Semi-integrated medium- of the V164-8.0 MW starting in the second half of 2016. and 2 onshore at Maade) speed geared

MHI Vestas V164-9.5MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class S Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 164m Turbine incorporates self-supporting tube shape drive train with bolted flange 9 – Northwester 2, Belgium (23 units, Power rating 9.5MW interconnections between main components; main shaft housing also serves as drive 2019); Borssele 3&4, Netherlands (88 Number of blades 3 train structural main element mounted directly to a mass-optimised cast chassis. units, 2021); Borssele 5, Netherlands Orientation Upwind (2 units, 2021); Changfang 1, Taiwan Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes (11, 2021); Triton Knoll, UK (90 units, Head mass N/A 1. Uprated V164-9.5MW announced in June 2017. 2021); Moray East, UK (100 units, Specific power N/A 2. 14-metre high Power Conversion Module (PCM) incorporates power supply 2022); Changfang 2, Taiwan (48, 2023); Prototype 2017 (onshore V164-9.5MW, cabinets, transformer and switchgear; arrangement claimed to have positive impact Changhua West, Taiwan (5, 2024); Osterild, Denmark) head mass. Chongneng, Taiwan (32, 2024) Introduction 2011 (V164-7.0MW) 3. Main shaft with two bearings, attached to gearbox via flexible shaft coupling; flanged Usage Offshore interface connections virtually eliminate misalignment risks, and shaft coupling Product status Power electronics AC/DC rectifier in minimises risk of rotor bending moments entering the gearbox. Prototype nacelle rear; DC-power fed to a DC/AC inverter in tower base Track record Drive train Semi-integrated Initial 9.5MW unit tested at Osterild, medium-speed geared; PMG subsequently destroyed by fire 2O18 21 June 2018 11

Ming Yang SCD 3.0 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 100m A radical lightweight two-bladed upwind turbine with semi-integrated drive train, and 3 – Longyuan Rudong, China (1 unit, Power rating 3.0MW no separate nacelle cover. Features in-house blade design and is suited for typhoon 2010); Zhuhai Guishan (34 units, 2018) Number of blades 2 areas. Orientation Upwind Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Likely fully commercial Head mass ±108T 1. Design and full IP by Aerodyn Engineering of Germany. Specific power 382W/m2 2. SCD gearboxes and generators individual components with flanged housings Track record Prototype Onshore N/A, inter-tidal 2010 of similar outer diameter for enabling cost-effective manufacture and easier Up to 35 units offshore Introduction 2009 component exchange. Overall design focused at easy onshore assembly, Usage Onshore and near-shore inter-tidal transportation and complete head single-hoist installation. Power electronics Tower base 3 Initial focus typhoon-prone onshore and inter-tidal markets, i.e. Chinese licensee Drive train Medium-speed with main Ming Yang. Upgrade and expansion SCD models from the original 2.75MW-3MW component flanged connections product portfolio in 2014. between rotor, main bearing plus two-stage aerodyn design planetary gearbox integrated assembly, and Aerodyn design PMG

Ming Yang SCD 6.0 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIB Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 140m Radical compact lightweight two-bladed downwind turbine with semi-integrated drive 1 – Longyuan Rudong, China (1 unit, Power rating 6.0MW train and no separate nacelle cover. Blades designed in-house. The rotor is locked in 2014); Zhuhai Guishan, China (3 units Number of blades 2 horizontal position with the hydraulic released when a typhoon approaches, 2018); Jiangsu Binhai (49 units, 2019) Orientation Downwind allowing the rotor to yaw freely and follow rapid wind direction changes with minimised Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed structural loading. Design and full IP by Aerodyn of Germany. Product status Head mass 308T Likely serial product Specific power 390W/m2 Product notes Prototype 2014 1. SCD gearboxes and generators are individual components with flanged housings of similar outer diameter for enabling cost-effective Track record Introduction 2012 manufacture and easier component exchange. Up to 4 Usage Offshore 2. Helicopter landing platform semi-integrated with nacelle structure for enhanced working safety and reduced O&M costs. Power electronics Tower base 3. Overall design focused on easy onshore assembly, transportation and complete head single-hoist installation. Nacelle-integrated Drive train Semi-integrated helicopter landing deck. medium-speed 4. Initial focus on typhoon-prone markets with coastal stretch Shanghai to Hong Kong viewed as one of the world’s largest offshore markets. 5. Additional product-market focus IEC I North Sea sites with 6.5MW SCD 6.5 sister model featuring 130-metre rotor diameter. 6. Medium-speed drive train with main component flanged connections between rotor, main bearing plus two-stage aerodyn design planetary gearbox integrated assembly, and aerodyne PMG. Drive train and rotor assembly flanged to cast main chassis. 7. Ming Yang developing in-house 6.5MW unit separate to Aerodyn, prototype reported to have been deployed.

Transition Pieces

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Substations

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Mitsubishi SeaAngel PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class S Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 167.0m The turbine also known as MWT167H/7.0 features a hydraulic ‘digitial displacement’ 1 – Fukushima, Japan (1 unit, 2015) Power rating 7.0MW drive developed by Edinburgh subsidiary Artemis Intelligent Power. Number of blades 3 Product status Orientation Upwind Product notes ‘Technology demonstrator’; no commercial Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 1. 98% efficiency for low-speed pump and 96% for high-speed motors gives 94% total plans Head mass N/A hydraulic system efficiency. Specific power 320W/m2 2. Euros-manufactured 81.6-metre blades (32.5T). Track record Prototype 2014 (onshore, UK), 3. MHI Vestas joint venture shifted focuses to V164 flagship model. 1 onshore prototype in Hunterston, 2015 (floating, Japan) UK (2014) and 1 floating prototype in Introduction 2010 Fukushima, Japan (2015) Usage Offshore, including floating Power electronics No converter; 33kV generator voltage eliminates the need for MV transformer Drive train Full hydraulic drive system with low-speed radial ring-cam pump

Seawind 6 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 126m Lightweight upwind medium-speed geared wind turbine. Radical concept including 0 Power rating 6.2MW -hull type nacelle structure, active-yaw control, and elastic hub teeter hinge. Number of blades 2 Product status Orientation Upwind Product notes In development Operation Active yaw-controlled 1. Builds on experience with 1.5MW Gamma research turbine (1991-97). variable speed; blades fixed angle 2. Two-bladed turbines dynamically unbalanced, providing major design challenges. Track record Head mass 295T One measure to minimise high structural (bending) loads in particular during yawing 0 Specific power 497W/m2 by a flexible structure with limited pivoting capability called teeter hub. Prototype None 3. Very high rated tip speed of 131.9 m/s (common 80-90 m/s). Introduction 2015 4. 160m rotor enlargement for bottom-fixed solution considered. Usage Offshore 5. Drive train has four-point gearbox support (main shaft and two rotor bearings), Power electronics Below water level two-stage planetary gearbox and brushless induction generator. Each gear stage Drive train Non-integrated medium-speed housing can be split horizontally and vertically for easy component exchange and in-board repairs. Gear coupling prevents rotor-induced bending moments entering the gearbox. 6. Initial floating model planned for site off Norway; 10MW-plus model reported to be under development.

Senvion 6.2M152 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class S Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 152m Evolutionary further development of the offshore-dedicated 6.2M126 design aimed at 1 – Trianel Windpark Borkum phase 2.2, Power rating 6.15MW uncomplicated service-friendly upkeep. The four-point gearbox support targets easy Germany (32 units, 2019); EolMed, France Number of blades 3 gearbox exchange within one day without having to remove the rotor. (4 units, 2020) Orientation Upwind Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Product status Head mass 508.5T (nacelle 350T; 1. Key project development driver was driving down cost of energy by boosting yield Commercially available rotor 158.5T) level, keeping capex unchanged and further optimising opex. Specific power 339W/m2 2. The 46% larger swept area results in up to 20% yield increment versus the 6.2M126 Track record Prototype 2014 (onshore) (former Repower 6M) at 9.5m/s mean wind speed; narrowing yield difference at 1 (onshore prototype) Introduction N/A higher mean wind speeds. Usage Offshore 3. Senvion’s largest and 7th in-house developed blade; 25-tonne blade mass set Power electronics Up tower against 23T for the 13 metres shorter RE 61.5 blade fitted at the 6.2M126. Drive train Non-integrated high-speed 4. The enlarged rotor diameter is designed to increase the competitiveness of the geared with four-point gearbox support, model. new three-stage ‘high-torque’ gearbox 5. Power mode available to boost power above 6.15MW. and 6-pole DFIG (6.6kV stator medium-voltage)

Senvion 10MW+ PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class N/A Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter N/A Turbine being developed by Horizon 2020-backed ReaLCoE consortium which also 0 Power rating 10MW+ includes 8.2, Biba, DNV GL, EnBW, Ingeteam, Fraunhofer, Jan De Nul, Wood, Principle Number of blades 3 Power, DTU. Goal is development, installation, testing and operation of a prototype in Product status Orientation Upwind a realistic offshore environment. In development Operation N/A Head mass N/A Product notes Track record Specific power N/A 1. Levelised cost of energy expected to be up to 50% lower than Senvion 6MW 0 Prototype Expected 2020 platform. Introduction Expected 2021-22 2. Route to market accelerated through ‘interchangeable components and parallel Usage Offshore testing and ceritification’. Power electronics N/A 3. Prototype installation expected early 2020. Drive train N/A 4. Serial production due 2021-22. 5. Participation of successful zero-subsidy developer EnBW could provide deployment options off Germany. 2O18 21 June 2018 13

Sewind W2500-108 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Likely IIA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 108m The variable-speed W2500-108 is an upgraded Siemens G2 turbine model licensed to 1 – Rudong, China (32 units, Power rating 2.5MW Shanghai Electric Windpower in 2009 for the Chinese market in a joint venture with the 2015) Number of blades 3 German company holding 49%. Orientation Upwind Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Commercially available Head mass N/A 1. Evolution from 1.25MW W1250 licensed from Dewind (Germany); 2MW W2000 Specific power 273W/m2 co-development with Aerodyn Energiessysteme (Germany); W3600 in-house Track record Prototype N/A development (source Shanghai Electric, 2012); W2500/108 G2 upgrade licence 32 Introduction 2010 agreement with Siemens Wind. Usage Offshore 2. W3600/122 sister model with 122-metre rotor diameter for IEC IIIB+. Power electronics In tower base if Siemens NetConverter and MV-transformer used Drive train Non-integrated high-speed geared with three-point gearbox support (main shaft and single main bearing, three-stage gearbox and induction generator)

Sewind W3600-122 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIB Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 122m Offshore-dedicated turbine. 1 – Shanghai Lingang, China (28 units, Power rating 3.6MW 2016) Number of blades 3 Product notes Orientation Upwind 1. Shanghai Electric history can be traced back to 1902. Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 2. W3600 in-house development according to Shanghai Electric Windpower dating Commercially available Head mass N/A back to 2012. Specific power 308W/m2 3. W3600/116 sister model with 116-metre rotor diameter for IEC IIIB+, and W3600- Track record Prototype N/A 136 for IEC S Offshore 28+ Introduction July 2010 Usage Offshore Power electronics N/A Drive train High-speed geared with three-stage gearbox and DFIG

Sewind W4000-130 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IB Key characteristics Offshore projects (all China) Rotor diameter 130m Originally Siemens G4 platform comprising SWT-4.0-130 and SWT-4.0-120 sister model 11 – Longyuan Rudong Intertidal Expansion Power rating 4.0MW with 120m rotor; lightweight offshore turbine offering service-friendly upkeep. (25, 2015); CGN Rudong (38, 2016); CPI Number of blades 3 Binhai Offshore (25, 2016); Longyuan Orientation Upwind Product notes Putian Nanri Island 1 (4, 2016); CPI Binhai Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 1. Licensed to Shanghai Electric in December 2011 for the Chinese market and for H2 (100, 2017); Huaneng Rudong (38, Head mass 240T (Nacelle 140T, Siemens’ global supply network in a joint venture (Sewind 51%, Siemens 49%). 2017); Longyuan Putian Nanri Island 2 Rotor 100T) 2. Fitted with Siemens power electronics and aero-elastically tailored slender blades. (50, 2017); Lueng Dongtai (50, 2017); Specific power 301W/m2 Dongtai (63 units, 2019); Pingtan Island Prototype Siemens onshore 2012 (75, 2019); Three Gorges Xiangshui (37, Introduction 2012; serial production 2015 planned) Usage Offshore Power electronics In tower base Product status Drive train Non-integrated high-speed Commercially available geared with four-point gearbox support, compact three-stage gearbox and IG Track record 280 offshore

Sewind W8000-167 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 167m Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 turbine produced under 0 Power rating 8.0MW licence by Shanghai Electric for projects in waters of Number of blades 3 mainland China. Product status Orientation Upwind Prototype stage Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Head mass 350T excluding blades 1. Expands on existing licence deals for 6.0-154 and Track record Specific power 364W/m2 7.0-154 model but widely expected to overshadow 0 Prototype Prototype 2018 both of those models once commercial. Introduction Commercially avaialble 2020 2. 8.0-167 introduced in Europe last year with Usage Offshore prototype due to be installed at Osterild, Denmark, Power electronics Two upgraded parallel end-2018. mounted converters in nacelle, transformer under converter cabinets Drive train In-house PMG with segmented stator; new more powerful magnets; upgraded cooling and control system 2O18 21 June 2018 14

Siemens Gamesa 6.0-154 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Offshore projects IEC class I Key characteristics 11 – Wehlens Bioenergie, Germany Rotor diameter 154m Lightweight service friendly direct drive concept with cast main carrier and front mounted (2 units coastal onshore, 2015); Power rating 6MW outer-rotor generator. Built around hollow stator shaft, which offers easy rotor hub service Westermost Rough, UK (35, 2015); Number of blades 3 access. Builds technically on SWT-6.0-120 with enlarged rotor. Dudgeon, UK (67, 2017); Gode Wind Orientation Upwind 1, Germany (55, 2017); Gode Wind 2, Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Germany (42, 2017); , Head mass 360T 1. Extensive testing and validation period onshore and offshore before building first UK (5 floating, 2017); Race Bank, UK (91, Specific power 322W/m2 offshore wind farm. 2017); Veja Mate, Germany (67, 2017); Prototype 2012 (onshore, Denmark); 2. In-house B75 blade, IntegralBlade technology; ±25T; no carbon used. Galloper, UK (56, 2018); Arkona-Becken, 2014 (onshore ‘serial-ready’, UK) 3. Generator diameter and length same as SWT-6.0-120 despite lower rotor speed due to Germany (60 x 6.4MW, 2019); Formosa 2, Introduction 2012 substantial generator thermal reserves. Taiwan (20, 2020) Usage Offshore 4. +20%-24% yield compared to SWT-6.0-120 at 9-10m/s average wind speeds. Power electronics Two parallel mounted 5. Generator winding for redundancy reasons electrically split in two halves, each separate Product status power-electronic converters located electrical machine feeds current through an individual converter. Single rotor bearing. Serial production inside the nacelle 6. MV transformer in fully enclosed explosion-protected reinforced area under converter Drive train In-house PMG with cabinets. Track record segmented stator and 6.5m 7. Prototype at Osterild, Denmark, replaced by Siemens Gamesa 7.0-154. 420 outer diameter

Siemens Gamesa 7.0-154 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Key characteristics IEC class IB Offshore projects Upgrade and optimisation of SWT-6.0-154 with unchanged rotor diameter. Lightweight Rotor diameter 154m 8 – Nissum Bredning, Denmark (4, 2017); service friendly direct drive concept with cast main carrier and front mounted outer- Power rating 7MW Walney 3 East, UK (47, 2018); Rentel, rotor generator. Technically based on SWT-3.0-101, SWT-6.0-120 and Siemens Gamesa Number of blades 3 Belgium (42x7.3MW, 2018); Albatros, 6.0-154. Siemens Gamesa 8.0-154 latest upgrade and optimisation of the 7.0-154. Orientation Upwind Germany (16, 2019); Beatrice, UK (84, Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 2019); Hohe See, Germany (72, 2019); Product notes Head mass ±360T East Anglia 1, UK (102, 2020); Hornsea 1 1. Extensive SWT-6.0 testing and validation period onshore and offshore. Specific power 376W/m2 (174, 2020) 2. New nacelle assembly facility in Cuxhaven, Germany, and B75 blade manufacturing Prototype 2015 (onshore); second plant in Hull, UK. In-house blade without seams and no carbon used. onshore prototype 2016 Product status 3. 7.0-154 generates about 10% more energy compared with the 6.0-154 predecessor Introduction 2015 Serial production at upper IEC class I wind speeds. Usage Offshore 4. In-house PMG with segmented stator and unchanged 6.5m outer diameter and Power electronics Two upgraded parallel Track record length but more powerful magnets. Generator winding for redundancy electrically mounted power-electronic converters 51 split in two halves, each separate electrical machine feeds current through an located inside the nacelle individual converter. Single rotor bearing. Drive train In-house PMG with 5. Upgraded 33kV or 66kV MV transformer in fully enclosed explosion-protected area segmented stator under converter cabinets; single 33kV AC cable feeds power down tower.

Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 167m Classic Siemens Gamesa direct drive design upgraded for next-generation applications 11 – Borssele 1&2, Netherlands (94, Power rating 8.0MW with longer 167m rotor compared with 154m predecessor. Drive train features 2020); Mermaid, Belgium (33, 2020); Number of blades 3 in-house PMG with segmented stator, new more powerful magnets and upgraded Seastar, Belgium (31, 2020); Yunlin, Orientation Upwind cooling and control system. Taiwan (80, 2020); Kriegers Flak, Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Denmark (75, 2021); Provence Grande Head mass 350T excluding blades Product notes Large, France (3, 2021); Vesterhav N&S, Specific power 364W/m2 1. Replaces 8.0-154 turbine. Denmark (38, 2021); Hornsea 2, UK (165, Prototype Prototype 2018 2. Offers 18% greater swept area and up to 20% higher AEP than predecessor 7.0-154 2022); Saint-Brieuc, France (62, 2023); Introduction Commercially avaialble 2020 machine. Noirmoutier, France (62, 2024); Treport, Usage Offshore 3. Prototype to be installed at Osterild in Denmark this year. Initial blades produced. France (62, 2024) Power electronics Two upgraded parallel Tower, nacelle, generator and hub in production. mounted converters in nacelle, 4. Builds on extensive testing and track record of 6.0-154 and 7.0-154. Product status transformer under converter cabinets 5. Nacelles expected to be assembled at facility in Cuxhaven, Germany, while blades Prototype stage Drive train In-house PMG with segmented will be produced in Hull, UK. stator; new more powerful magnets; Track record upgraded cooling and control system 0

Siemens Gamesa 10MW+ PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Likely S Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter N/A The D10 platform, now being developed by the 0 Power rating 10MW+ combined Siemans and Gamesa (Spanish HQ Number of blades 3 pictured) was originally targeted at a 10MW next- Product status Orientation Upwind generation turbine but is expected to result in a Development Operation N/A larger machine for post-2020 subsidy-free markets. Head mass N/A Track record Specific power N/A Product notes 0 Prototype N/A 1. Annual energy production increases are expected Introduction N/A to be in excess of 20% above current fleet. Usage Offshore 2. To feature new, lighter blade concept. Power electronics N/A 3. Will feature new maintenance concept and Drive train N/A optimised foundation design. 2O18 21 June 2018 15

Sinovel SL3000 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IA-IIIA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter Various A conventional wind turbine design 3 – Longyuan Rudong, China (1 unit, Power rating 3.0MW by the Chinese fabricator available for 2010); Shanghai Donghai Bridge, China Number of blades 3 offshore and intertidal sites as well as (34 units, 2010); Jiangsu Rudong, China Orientation Upwind onshore. (17 units, 2013) Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Head mass N/A Product notes Product status Specific power Various 1. The SL3000 is considered China’s first Commercially available Prototype N/A 3MW offshore turbine design. Introduction N/A 2. Available with rotors of 90, 105, 113 Track record Usage Onshore and offshore and 121 metres and sutied to a range 52 Power electronics Tower base of wind conditions. Drive train Non-integrated high-speed geared with DFIG

Sinovel SL6000 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 128m Conventional high-speed geared 17 units planned for pilot offshore project Power rating 6MW wind turbine design builds on SL5000 at Shanghai, status unknown Number of blades 3 predecessor. Orientation Upwind Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Commercially available Head mass N/A 1. In-house upgrade to SL6000 with Specific power 466W/m2 unchanged 128m rotor diameter but Track record Prototype 2011 (onshore) strengthened drive train. N/A Introduction 2011 2. China’s first 6MW offshore turbine Usage Offshore design. Power electronics In tower base Drive train Three or four-stage differential gearbox and 6-pole DFIG

VertAx PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Likely 1S Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 135m. Blade length 150m. VertAx Wind Ltd’s unusual three-bladed Darrieus aerodynamic lift design has blade 0 H-shape rotor skeletal load-carrying structures subdivided in ten 11-metre long modular sections Power rating 10MW covered by aerodynamic cladding. Product status Number of blades 3 In development Orientation VAWT Product notes Operation Variable speed 1. Can capture wind from all directions eliminating need for a yaw system. Track record Head mass N/A 2. Blades do not rise and fall against gravity as with HAWT, they have no twists or 0 Specific power 518W/m2 tapers and so the 11m sections lend themselves to mechanical mass-production Prototype N/A techniques. Introduction 2019 3. Swept area of 20,250m² for a 10MW turbine. Usage Planned for offshore 4. The rotor turns at ~6 rpm compared to 9-10 rpm for 10MW three-bladed HAWTs Power electronics Mid-tower and base with 185-190m rotor diameter. Drive train Two modular-design 5MW 5. 2 x direct drive segmented PM generators with simple drive train. outer-rotor PMGs each measuring 6. Twin generators spaced apart and both mounted at tubular steel tower hub section ± 7m outer diameter called Power Module.

XEMC Windpower XE128/5.0MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIB Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 128m Technical concept built on 2MW Zephyros Z72 turbine, development of which started 1 – Pinghai phase 1, China (10 units, Power rating 5MW in 2000, and the Darwind XD115/5.0MW. The compact classic direct drive concept has 2016) Number of blades 3 a front-mounted generator and a comparatively high 100.5 metres per second rated Orientation Upwind tip speed. Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Thought commercial Head mass 332T (rotor 126T; nacelle 206T) Product notes Specific power 389W/m2 1. Offshore wind speeds in China typically below 8.5 metres per second average. Track record Prototype 2014 2. Current product-market focus is on China. 10 Introduction 2013 3. So far limited track record including two prototypes of XD115/5MW predecessor. Usage Offshore and onshore 4. Darwind founded in 2006 (NL); XEMC Windpower acquired bankrupt company’s Power electronics In tower base IP in 2009. It has also built a substantial track record with 2MW former Zephyros Drive train 3kV ring inner-rotor PMG Z72 turbines (renamed XE72 and added new XE82 and XE93 model variants) having with active air cooling via electric fan; acquired manufacturing and marketing/sales rights from Japanese firm Harokasan. single rotor bearing; internal service access to rotor hub 2O18 21 June 2018 16 Adwen AD 5-132 Adwen AD 8-180 Key characteristics Key characteristics Advanced medium-speed geared turbine Advanced medium-speed geared drive train model that built on the initial pioneering concept builds especially on the pioneering Gamesa G128-4.5MW turbine, which Gamesa G128-4.5MW turbine and drive appeared as a prototype in 2008. The technology, and 5MW successor models innovative drive train technology was jointly for both onshore and offshore; record 88m developed with ZF , formerly long blades with carbon. Hansen Transmissions. The 5MW successor models for both onshore and offshore were Product notes an in-house optimisation of the 4.5MW 1. Adwen product line discontinued G128-4.5MW. Offshore versions were only following merger of Siemens and Gamesa available with single-piece rotor blades. 2. Initial Areva 8MW drive train concept up-scaling of low-speed 5MW Multibrid Product notes technology. 1. G132-5.0MW offshore model renamed 3. Adwen 8-180 had one of offshore wind’s Adwen AD 5-132; this model was also lowest specific power ratings. available with a 128-metre rotor diameter. 4. Cast housing contains main shaft and 2. Suitable for placement on monopile-type two rotor bearings, and is flanged to a support structure due to favourable two-stage planetary gearbox and PMG; head mass despite its power rating and flexible coupling in between gearbox and rotor size. PMG; main shaft, gearbox and generator 3. Cast housing contains main shaft and independently exchangeable in the field. two rotor bearing, and is flanged to a 5. Abandoned following merger of Siemens two-stage planetary gearbox and PMG; and Gamesa. flexible coupling in between gearbox and PMG. 4. Adwen product line discontinued in wake of Siemens-Gamesa merger.

PROJECT DEPLOYMENT PROJECT DEPLOYMENT Offshore projects Offshore projects 0 0

Product status Product status No longer commercially available Discontinued following discontinuation of Adwen in wake of Siemens and Gamesa merger Track record Onshore prototype installation in Track record Bremerhaven completed in 2017 1. Onshore prototype in Canary Islands, Spain

VITAL STATISTICS VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IB/S IEC class IB Rotor diameter 128m/132m Rotor diameter 180m Power rating 5MW Power rating 8MW Number of blades 3 Number of blades 3 Orientation Upwind Orientation Upwind Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Head mass 250T Head mass 550T Specific power 389W/m2/377W/m2 Specific power 314W/m2 Prototype 2013 (onshore) Prototype 2017 (onshore) Introduction 2014 Introduction 2014 Usage Offshore Usage Offshore Power electronics Inside nacelle Power electronics In tower base Drive train Semi-integrated tube-shape Drive train Semi-integrated medium- medium-speed geared speed geared HISTORIC TURBINES HISTORIC 2O18 21 June 2018 17

Aerogenerator X PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Likely I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 270m Wind Power Ltd’s unusual two-bladed VAWT Darrieus-type 0 Power rating 10MW aerodynamic lift turbine featured V-shape rotor and double blade tip Number of blades 2 winglet for stabilising functionality at each blade tip. Initial layout with Product status Orientation N/A equally interspaced rigid sails along the component axis. Triangular Company liquidated 2017 Operation Variable speed with pitchable shaped rotor swept area. Company declared insolvent in 2017 and blades or rotor speed control via stall liquidated with no takers for related intellectual property. Track record and fixed blade angle 0 Head mass N/A Product notes Specific power 1050W/m2 1. Can capture wind from all directions eliminating yaw system. Blades Prototype 50kW prototype built in the UK do not rise and fall against gravity like with HAWT. Introduction 2010 2. Modest swept area for 10MW, plus maximum aerodynamic efficiency disadvantage for large VAWT’s in 38% range versus >45% for HAWT. Usage Offshore and onshore 3. The rotor turns at about 3 rpm compared to 9-10 rpm for three-bladed HAWTs with 185-190m rotor diameter; higher torque input level Power electronics In turbine base by a factor of three requires heavier, more expensive high-torque drive train. below the rotor centre 4. No actual tower. Rotor central mounting at fixed or floating support structure also incorporating the drive system and power conversion Drive train N/A technology. 5. Long-term objective was 1GW offshore in UK by 2020.

Algaier WE 10 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class N/A Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 11.28m Turbine model with large focus at aerodynamic blade design. 1 – One turbine installed on Gulf of Power rating 10kW Mexico oil platform in 1958 Number of blades 3 Product notes Orientation Upwind 1. Famous design by aircraft engineer and Stuttgart University Professor Ulrich Hütter; Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed product development by German engineering company Algaier. Discontinued Head mass 0.606T 2. Called the ‘forgotten beginning of the offshore wind era’. Specific power 72W/m2 Track record Prototype Likely at Stuttgart University About 200 units produced 1950-59, sold grounds in 1949 worldwide Introduction Likely 1949 Usage Mainly onshore Power electronics None Drive train Main shaft semi-integrated with gearbox (based on WE 10 nacelle picture); DC-type generator

Aerodyn Multibrid PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 100m Ground-breaking innovation of Aerodyn Energiesysteme. Initial concept with 100-metre 0 Power rating 5.0MW rotor diameter presented in April 1998. Clever lightweight ‘hybrid’ drive solution, ‘mix’ Number of blades 3 between high speed geared and direct drive – Multibrid = MULTI(megawatt) + (hy) Product status Orientation Upwind BRID. Dedicated for offshore use with fully enclosed climate-controlled but very small Succeeded by Multibrid M5000 model Operation Stall-controlled variable speed nacelle. Various redundancy measures incorporated. with enlarged 116-metre rotor that Head mass 155T introduced multiple additional design Specific power 637W/m2 Product notes changes Prototype None, concept design only 1. Internal skidding-type yaw system comprising hydraulic cylinders and toothed dogs, Introduction 1998 known from shipping and offshore industries for moving heavy loads; in final M5000 Track record Usage Offshore version ‘replaced’ by pitch system with and yaw motors. 0 Power electronics Tower base 2. Seawater cooled generator replaced by PMG in M5000. Drive train Fully integrated highly compact 3. Single-stage planetary gearbox with two main bearings replaced by 1.5-stage drive train comprising a single-stage gearbox with higher ratio and single rotor bearing. planetary gearbox 4. Water-cooled brushless synchronous generator with seawater heat exchanger; gearbox and generator together incorporated in compact single load-carrying cast structure. Two rotor bearings incorporated in gearbox. 5. Full nacelle exchange when major mechanical failure occurs.

Areva M5000-116 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 116m Lightweight hybrid drive solution between high-speed geared and direct drive: 3 – Alpha Ventus, Germany (6 units, Power rating 5.0MW Multibrid = MULTI(megawatt) + (hy)BRID. Evolution and further development of initial 2009), Borkum West 2.1, Germany (40 Number of blades 3 Aerodyn Multibrid offshore-dedicated first-generation ‘super class’ concept with small units, 2015), Global Tech 1, Germany (80 Orientation Upwind nacelle and unchanged 116-metre rotor diameter. units, 2015) Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Head mass 345T (nacelle 235T, Product notes Product status rotor 110T) 1. German engineering consultancy Aerodyn Energiesysteme presented initial concept Succeeded by Multibrid M5000-135 Specific power 473W/m2 of this patented design with 100-metre rotor diameter in 1998. (Adwen AD 5-135) Prototype None; initial six units with 2. The third Multibrid 5MW technology owner/licensee Prokon Nord installed M5000 new nacelle at Alpha Ventus prototype in 2004; this initial model with small nacelle was later renamed onshore Track record Introduction 2008 version. 134 including four M5000 onshore Usage Offshore 3. The fourth owner, Areva Wind (51% share, 2007) developed a new offshore version prototypes Power electronics Tower base with spacious service-friendly nacelle Drive train Fully integrated highly compact 4. Gearbox journal bearings are a genuine wind industry novelty. Single rotor bearing. drive train comprising 1.5-stage planetary 5. Full nacelle exchange when major mechanical issue occurs. gearbox and PMG incorporated in compact single load-carrying cast structure 2O18 21 June 2018 18

Baonan BN82-2000 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class N/A Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 82m Conventional three-bladed wind turbine 1 – Longyuan Rudong, China (1 unit, Power rating 2.0MW design with non-integrated high-speed 2010) Number of blades 3 drive train and hydraulic pitch system. Orientation Upwind Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Presumed discontinued Head mass N/A 1. Developed by Wuxi Baonan Machine Specific power 379W/m2 manufacturing Corp. Ltd. Track record Prototype 2010 or earlier 2. According a 2009 Master’s Thesis in N/A Introduction 2009 or earlier Energy Systems (, Usage N/A Yun Zhoun Quanfeng Wang, University Power electronics Power-converter and of Gävle, June 2009) a result of ‘own MV-transformer incorporated in nacelle research and development’ Drive train Four-point gearbox support with three-stage gearbox

Bard 5.0 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IC Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 122m Dedicated turbine design by Aerodyn Energysysteme. Spacious nacelle with compact 1 – Bard Offshore 1, Germany (80 units, Power rating 5.0MW drive train; in-house rotor blade with winglets, also Aerodyn; 5.94m chord length and 2013) Number of blades 3 28.5T mass. Orientation Upwind Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Discontinued Head mass 440T (nacelle 280T, rotor 160T) 1. Turbine developed within record nine-month period; Specific power 428W/m2 2. The incorporated design reserves enabled the fitting of a 6.5MW Winergy Track record 2 x onshore 2007,1 x near-shore distributed Multi Duored gearbox with two PMG’s in ‘unchanged’ Bard 5.0 prototype 83 (2 x 5MW onshore prototypes, 1 x 5MW at Hooksiel (GE) during late 2008, 2 x nacelles; also unchanged rotor diameter. near-shore prototype and 80 offshore 6.5MW drive trains retrofitted inside 3. Came with semi-standardised in-house Bard Tripile foundation. units) Prototype 5MW prototypes in 2011 4. Bard experienced some technical issues during installation and operations; Introduction 2007 company no longer in business. Usage Onshore prototypes, dedicated for offshore application Power electronics Tower base Drive train Three-stage gearbox with six-pole DFIG

Bard 6.5 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Likely IC Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 122m Spacious nacelle with compact drive train layout and heavy in-house rotor blade with 0 Power rating 6.5MW winglets, 5.94m chord length and 28.5T mass. Part of long-term plan to become the Number of blades 3 world’s first and largest fully integrated wind farm developer, in-house turbine and Product status Orientation Upwind foundation (Tri-pile) manufacturer, in-house installation firm and operator. Stalled at prototype stage Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Head mass 440T (nacelle 280T, rotor 160T) Product notes Track record Specific power 556W/m2 1. The drive train is fitted inside the original spacious main carrier, which according 2 (prototypes) Prototype 2011 to Bard is mechanically over-dimensioned, includes two non-integrated 3.4MW Introduction 2008 generators. Usage Onshore prototypes dedicated 2. Nacelle mass unchanged. for large-scaled offshore use 3. Original turbine developed within nine months by German engineering consultancy Power electronics Tower base Aerodyn Energiesysteme, said to be too short for full design and mass optimisation. Drive train Semi-integrated high-speed distributed geared with two output shafts and two PMGs; large-diameter single rotor bearing plus short hollow main shaft

Bonus 450kW Photo: Dong PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Pre-IEC standard Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 35m. Later enlarged to The Bonus 450kW represents the classic Danish design philosophy, including a 1 – Vindeby, Denmark (11 units, 1991, 37m with Bonus 450kW Mk III non-integrated high-speed drive train with three-point gearbox support, induction decommissioned 2017) Power rating 450kW generator. It also features three blades with fixed-angle mounting and tip brakes with Number of blades 3 passive stall output limitation. Product status Orientation Upwind Discontinued. Owner Dong Energy started Operation Classic stall regulated fixed Product notes decommissioning Vindeby in 2017 speed with tip brakes 1. The only marine modifications were moving the transformer inside the tower and Head mass 52T (nacelle ±32.6T) raising the tower access door. Track record Specific power 468W/m2 2. Fitted with a planetary/helical three-stage Flender gearbox. 11 Prototype 1989 3. Turbines have operated and performed well for 25 years, which is considered a Introduction N/A remarkable achievement given the limited know-how of wind turbines in marine Usage Offshore and onshore conditions at the time. Power electronics None Drive train Non-integrated high-speed geared with three-point gearbox support 2O18 21 June 2018 19

Bonus 2MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Pre-IEC standard Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 76m The Bonus 2MW partly represents the classic Danish design philosophy, including 1 – , Denmark (20 units, Power rating 2.0MW a non-integrated high-speed drive train with three-point gearbox support, fixed- 2001) Number of blades 3 speed(s) and induction generator. Switch to CombiStall with pitchable blades, first Orientation Upwind introduced in Bonus 1MW (54m). CombiStall offers superior output control with a Product status Operation CombiStall (active stall) near-constant output level above rated and independent of weather conditions and Discontinued controlled fixed speed eliminates the need for bi-annual blade angle adjustment. Two-speed generator. Head mass N/A Track record Specific power 441W/m2 Product notes 165 onshore and offshore Prototype 1998 (70m rotor diameter) 1. World’s first offshore wind farm comprising multi-megawatt turbines Introduction Successor version 2. Initially planned with smaller 70-metre rotor with enlarged 76m rotor in 1999-2000 3. Evolutionary 2.3MW successor model variant with enlarged 82.4-metre rotor Usage Onshore and offshore diameter, initially again with CombiStall Power electronics None Drive train Non-integrated high-speed geared with three-point gearbox support (main shaft and single main bearing, three-stage gearbox and IG)

Bonus 2.3MW Photo: Eon PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Pre-IEC standard Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 82.4m The Bonus 2.3MW partly represents the classic Danish design philosophy, including a 3 – Samso, Denmark (10 units, 2002); Power rating 2.3MW non-integrated high-speed drive train with three-point gearbox support and induction Rodsand/Nysted, Denmark (72 units, Number of blades 3 generator. Switch to CombiStall with pitchable blades, first introduced in Bonus 1MW 2003); Frederikshavn, Denmark (1 unit, Orientation Upwind (54m). 2003) Operation CombiStall (active stall) controlled fixed speed Product notes Product status Head mass 136T (Nacelle 82T, Rotor 54T 1. Fitted with in-house developed and manufactured one-piece-moulding Bonus B40 Discontinued Specific power 431W/m2 blades. Prototype 1999 2. Successor of Bonus 2MW, and the outcome of a long-time successful company Track record Introduction 2002 evolutionary product development and optimising strategy. 506 onshore and offshore Usage Onshore and offshore 3. No hints for a switch to pitch-controlled variable speed in March 2003 but Power electronics None introduced later that year in Bonus 2.3MW VS. One Samsø turbine lost a complete head Drive train Non-integrated high-speed 4. Siemens acquired Bonus Energy in October 2004. (nacelle + rotor) on 28 November 2015 geared with three-point gearbox support 5. One turbine at Samso lost a complete head (nacelle and rotor) on 28 November (main shaft and single main bearing, 2015. three-stage gearbox and induction generator)

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Clipper Britannia C-150 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 150m Initial C-150 concept built on the pioneering 2.5MW Clipper Liberty design featuring a 0 Power rating 10.0MW two-stage semi-integrated distributed high-speed drive train with four flanged PMGs. Number of blades 3 Product status Orientation Upwind Product notes owner United Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 1. If it had succeeded the C-150 would have represented a technological benchmark in Technologies Corporation shelved the Head mass Design target 450T-550T terms of head mass reduction. Britannia project in August 2011 Specific power 566W/m2 2. 150-metre rotor diameter is today considered small for 10MW offshore turbines. Prototype 7.5MW 2011, never materialised 3. An unusual C-150 feature was the high rated generator speed in the 2270 rpm range Track record Introduction 2006 compared to the Liberty’s wind industry compliant 1133 rpm. 0 Usage Offshore 4. The final Britannia drive system design was again semi-integrated but now medium- Power electronics 3.6kV voltage level in speed geared with a two-stage planetary gearbox and single PMG. initial design with four high-speed PMGs. 5. Clipper revealed plans for a patented retractable rotor diameter technology, the Drive train Compact essentially largest diameter for maximum energy capture at low and medium wind speeds and self-supporting unit contains main-shaft the smallest for limiting high-wind loads. This was never realised. assembly, gearbox, and generators; assembly bolted at cast main chassis.

Condor 5 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class S (up to hurricane conditions) Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 120m Offshore-dedicated lightweight upwind medium-speed 0 Power rating 5.0MW geared wind turbine with a design life of 25 years. Number of blades 2 Radical concept with active-yaw control and elastic Product status Orientation Upwind hub teeter hinge. Helideck allows service access with Discontinued Operation Active yaw-controlled the turbine in stationary mode and the rotor locked in variable speed, blades fixed angle horizontal position. Track record Head mass 259T (final target 239T) 0 Specific power 442W/m2 Product notes Prototype None 1. Builds on experience with the 1.5MW Gamma turbine Introduction Concept unveiled May 2011 research turbine (1991-97). Usage Offshore 2. Company founded in 2010, Blue H (floating offshore Power electronics In tower base wind) offspring. Drive train Non-integrated medium-speed 3. Two-bladed turbines dynamically unbalanced, providing major design challenges. with four-point gearbox support (main One measure to eliminate/minimise high structural (bending) loads especially shaft and two rotor bearings), 2.5-stage during yawing is a flexible structure with limited pivoting capability called teeter hub. planetary gearbox and brushless 4. Very high rated tip speed of 127 m/s versus usual 80-90 m/s). eight-pole induction generator

CSIC Haizhuang H102-2000 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIIA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 102m Conventional high-speed geared turbine model. 2 – Longyuan Rudong, China (1 unit, Power rating 2.0MW 2010); Hydropower Rudong, China (10 Number of blades 3 Product notes units, 2014) Orientation Upwind 1. CSIC Haizhuang co-developed model with aerodyn Energiesysteme of Germany and Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed owns the IP rights. Product status Head mass 167.4T 2. Sister model version with 92.8-metre rotor diameter: CSIC H93-2000. Expected to be superseded in market by Specific power 245W/m2 3. Large degree of vertical integration for almost all main components. H151-5.0MW Prototype 2010 4. Four-point gearbox support main shaft supported in two rotor bearings. Introduction 2017 Track record Usage Onshore and offshore 11 Power electronics In tower base Drive train Non-integrated three-stage gearbox

Darwind DD115/5MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IC Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 115.0m Technical concept builds upon the 2MW 0 Power rating 5.0MW Zephyros Z72 turbine development, which Number of blades 3 was conceived in 2000 and produced Product status Orientation Upwind a 2002 prototype with 70-metre rotor Further developed into 5MW concept with Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed diameter. The XD115/5MW again features enlarged 128-metre rotor requiring a new Head mass 265T a compact classic direct drive concept with larger generator; turbine model called Specific power 481W/m2 front mounted inner-rotor PMG. There is XE128/5.0MW. Prototype 2011 an unusually high rated tip speed of 108 Introduction 2006 metres per second. Track record Usage Offshore 2 (onshore). XD115/5.0MW onshore Power electronics Power converter and Product notes prototype installed in China in 2012; China MV-transformer in tower base 1. Darwind owner Econcern filed for XE128/5MW successor prototype installed Drive train 3kV generator 55% passive bankruptcy in June 2009. XEMC Windpower of China bought the IP in September 2009. onshore in China in 2014. cooled by passing wind flow over 2. Turbine up-scaling to 5MW XD11/5.0MW under new ownership. exposed stator outer surface, as well as 3. Prototype renamed XEMC Darwind XD115/5MW during September 2011 onshore in the Netherlands. active by electric fan; oil lubricated and 4. Darwind founded in 2006 (NL) with the vision to further develop the Z72 into an initial about 4MW offshore-dedicated turbine. oil-cooled single rotor bearing 2O18 21 June 2018 21

DSME 7.0MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 160m Drive train choice outcome of a comparative drive system study. Flanged connections 0 Power rating 7.0MW of main components, configuration resembles design choices 4.5MW Gamesa G128- Number of blades 3 4.5MW and Vestas V164-8.0MW. Product status Orientation Upwind Discontinued Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Head mass N/A 1. South Korean shipbuilder DSME entered the wind industry in 2009 through the Track record Specific power 348W/m2 acquisition of the originally German supplier DeWind and its 2MW D8 flagship wind 0 Prototype None technology. Introduction 2011 Usage Offshore Power electronics 3.3kV PMG, no other details available Drive train Medium-speed geared; two-stage gearbox and PMG; main shaft supported by two bearings.

Enercon E-66.18.70 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Pre-IEC standard Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 70m Classic pioneering mechanical/electrical design with distinct egg-beater shape nacelle. 0 Power rating 1.8MW The initial 1.5MW E-66 prototype with 66-metre rotor diameter was installed in late Number of blades 3 1995. Product status Orientation Upwind Discontinued Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Head mass N/A 1. Evolutionary upgrade and upscaling of early ‘super class’ 1.5MW E-66 turbine, Track record Specific power 468W/m2 followed by a 1.8MW upgrade, and final 2MW model version. Successor sister 0 (2486 units all onshore) Prototype N/A models with enhanced 70-metre rotor diameter. Introduction 1998 2. Substantial onshore track record at high-wind coastal sites. Usage Onshore and offshore 3. One key envisaged offshore modification highlighted by company founder Aloys Power electronics Rectifier in nacelle; Wobben was a fully enclosed aluminium nacelle cover for enhanced heat exchange inverter and MV-transformer in tower and generator temperature management via natural airflow over the nacelle. base, or external transformer 4. A parallel development goal was protection of the ‘open’ generator by effectively Drive train Electrically excited air-cooled sealing it off against the harsh marine environment. synchronous ring generator 5. Planned high-wind 86.4MW Lillgrund project in Swedish shallow water, to comprise supported by a stationary main shaft 48 turbines and construction start envisaged for 2001, canned. (pin) and two grease-lubricated bearings

Enercon E-112 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 114m World’s first 4.5MW to 5MW ‘super class’ turbine. Pioneering mechanical/electrical 1 – ‘Wet-feet’ near-shore turbine near Power rating 4.5MW/6.0MW design with egg-beater shaped nacelle and huge 12m diameter ‘disk-shape’ ring port of Emden, Germany (1 unit, 2004). Number of blades 3 generator. Failed attempt to install 6MW E-112 atop Orientation Upwind suction bucket at Hooksiel (2005). Bucket Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes disintegrated during installation due to Head mass 500T 1. Rotor diameter enlarged to 114m following construction of second prototype. accidental collision between vessel and Specific power 441W/m2/588W/m2 2. E-112 power rating raised from 4.5MW to 6MW in 2005. bucket Prototype 2002 (onshore 4.5MW 3. Ongoing discussion on the suitability of E-112 for offshore due to the ‘open E-112 with 112.8-metre rotor diameter) generator’ and rather high head mass. Product status Introduction 2000 3. Building a huge 12m generator capable of retaining a modest air gap while exposed Discontinued Usage Offshore and onshore to continuously changing combinations of electrical, mechanical and thermal loads is Power electronics Rectifier in nacelle; widely considered a remarkable technological achievement. Track record inverter and transformer in tower base 4. Succeeded by 6MW E-126 (2007) and 7.5MW E-126 (2010). 11 units (4.5MW + 6MW, including Drive train Typical Enercon drive train 5. Electrically excited air-cooled Enercon synchronous generator; four 90-degree stator relocated 6MW E-112 at Cuxhaven) arrangement comprising stationary main segments represent electrically four individual generators, and two 180-degree rotor shaft and two grease-lubricated bearings segments.

Enron Wind 1.5s Offshore PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class N/A Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 70.5m Marine version of Enron 1.5s with same diameter but fully airtight nacelle. 1 – Utgrunden 1, (7 units, 2000) Power rating 1.5MW Number of blades 3 Product notes Product status Orientation Upwind 1. Initial plans to install a 2MW offshore version called TW 2.0 at Utgrunden did not Discontinued Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed materialise due to a maximum 10MW grid capacity constraint. Head mass 80T (nacelle 50T; rotor 30T) 2. Temporary portal optional Track record Specific power 384W/m2 3. Initial Tacke TW 1.5 featured 65-metre rotor diameter and a different main shaft 7 (20,000+ 1.5MW onshore) Prototype1996 (TW 1.5); 1998-99 (TW 2.0) layout but already incorporated a trend-setting DFIG Introduction 1996 4. Tacke introduced the TW 1.5s with enlarged 70.5-metre rotor diameter between the Usage Onshore and offshore (TW 1.5) 1996 prototype and its bankruptcy in August 1997 of which an unknown number Power electronics Container housing was installed attached to the tower and situated 5. Later became Enron Wind 1.5s, and from 2002 GE 1.5s. above maximum wave height 6. Offshore container mounted along tower above waves for protecting, converter, Drive train Non-integrated high-speed switchgear, transformer and control system. geared; three-point gearbox support (main shaft and single rotor bearing), three-stage gearbox and DFIG 2O18 21 June 2018 22

Envision EN 82/1.5MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Likely IIB Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 82m Onshore-dedicated model also used offshore. 1 – Longyuan Rudong, China (2 units, Power rating 1.5MW 2010) Number of blades 3 Product notes Orientation Upwind 1. Conventional state-of-the-art turbine design. Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Replaced by EN 93/1.5MW Head mass N/A Specific power 284W/m2 Track record Prototype Offshore 2010 2 (offshore) Introduction Envision was founded in 2007 with full operations starting 2009 Usage Mostly onshore Power electronics All located in tower base Drive train Non-integrated high-speed geared, three-point gearbox support (main shaft and single rotor bearing), three-stage gearbox and DFIG

Envision 136/4MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class S Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 136m Turbine model with ‘classic’ state-of-the-art non-integrated mechanical drive train N/A Power rating 4.0MW design popular with many competitors. Number of blades 3 Product status Orientation Upwind Product notes Succeeded by 136/4.2MW Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 1. Rather low specific power rating for high-wind IEC class S turbine but specifications Head mass N/A making it suitable for inter-tidal and other projects with lower mean wind speeds. Track record Specific power 275W/m2 2. Modular gearbox design enables perhaps easier in-board repairs. N/A Prototype N/A 3. Four-point gearbox support (main shaft and two rotor bearings), three-stage Introduction 2010 modular gearbox with separate flanged gear stages and induction generator. Usage Onshore and offshore Power electronics N/A Drive train Non-integrated high-speed geared

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GE 1.6-82.5 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIB Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 82.5m Onshore-dedicated model and evolutionary further development of the 1.5W GE 1 - Bac Lieu Phases 1 & 2, Vietnam, 10 and Power rating 1.6MW 1.5-77 and its earlier predecessors, starting with the initial 1.5MW Tacke TW1.5 turbine 52 units respectively (total 62 units, 2015); Number of blades 3 featuring 65-metre rotor diameter introduced in 1996. GE (formerly Enron) installed Phase 1 was Vietnam’s first offshore wind Orientation Upwind seven 1.5MW turbines featuring a 70.5-metre rotor diameter in Swedish waters during project Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 2000. Head mass N/A Product status Specific power 299W/m2 Product notes Successor models expected to take Prototype N/A 1. One of the world’s most successful 1.5MW/1.6MW product platforms ever. precedence for future intertidal Introduction 2008 2. Wind industry pioneer with using DFIG since 1996. deployments Usage Mostly onshore Power electronics All located in tower base Track record Drive train Non-integrated high-speed Onshore and offshore 1.5MW & 1.6MW geared; three-point gearbox support combined more than 20,000 (main shaft and single rotor bearing), three-stage gearbox and DFIG

GE 3.6s Offshore PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 104m Offshore-dedicated turbine model technically based upon technology of the Enron 1.5s 1 – Arklow Bank, UK (7 units, 2004) Power rating 3.6MW offshore turbine with fully airtight nacelle. Number of blades 3 Product status Orientation Upwind Product notes Discontinued Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 1. Offshore container mounted beneath the nacelle and behind the tower fully Head mass 295T (nacelle 210T, rotor 85T) protecting the converter, low and medium voltage switch gear, transformer and Track record Specific power 424W/m2 control system. 8 (One 3.6MW onshore prototype, seven Prototype 2002 2. Optionally fitted with novel 40-tonne Liebherr foldable portal crane to service all units offshore) Introduction 2001 major components such as blades and hub, making external cranes unnecessary. Usage Offshore (onshore prototype) 3. In parallel 3.2MW EW 3.2s sister model for onshore with 104m rotor, of which one Power electronics Container mounted prototype was installed. beneath nacelle 4. Integrated hoisting system heavy and costly, and negatively impacting head mass. Drive train Non-integrated high-speed 5. GE 3.6sl model upgrade with enlarged 111-metre rotor and reduced head mass by geared; three-point gearbox support eliminating hoisting system announced in 2005. (main shaft and single rotor bearing), 6. 54% recorded at Arklow Bank in 2004. three-stage gearbox and DFIG

GE 3.6sl Offshore PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Likely I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 111m Offshore-dedicated model technically based on the Enron 1.5s (renamed GE 1.5s) with 0 Power rating 3.6MW fully airtight nacelle and GE 3.6s predecessor. Number of blades 3 Product status Orientation Upwind Product notes Discontinued in 2008 Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 1. Foldable Liebherr inboard crane of GE 3.6s discontinued due to maintenance and Head mass ±252-266T regular renewal of the installation user certificate. GE found for most operations Track record Specific power 372W/m2 involving heavy component exchange a jack-up was required. 0 Prototype None 2. Designed to generate 5%-7% more energy compared with GE 3.6s due to the larger Introduction 2005 rotor (rotor 104m => 111m). Usage Offshore 3. GE 3.6sl development focus on reliability, availability, safety, LCOE, and power quality. Power electronics Mounted beneath 4. Head mass was 5%-10% less compared to 3.6s Offshore. the nacelle 5. Three-point gearbox support (main shaft and single rotor bearing), three-stage Drive train Non-integrated high-speed gearbox and DFIG. geared 6. Envisaged for Round 2 UK projects commencing in 2007-8, and Cape Cod (US).

GE 4.1-113 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IB Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 113m Upgraded 3.5MW ScanWind SW3.5 direct drive turbine with 90.6m rotor diameter, 0 Power rating 4.1MW of which 13 units have operated since 2007 along the high-wind Norwegian coastline. Number of blades 3 Enlarged 113m rotor with GE-design blades incorporating carbon. Rear-mounted PMG Product status Orientation Upwind offers enhanced design flexibility, easy service access and generator exchange without Discontinued Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed rotor removal. Head mass 280T (generator 85T) Track record Specific power 409W/m2 Product notes 1 (prototype) Prototype 2011 (onshore Gothenburg, 1. GE overall strategy focused on design for reliability (the turbine should not trip) and Sweden) minimising offshore activities plus costs of installation equipment Introduction 2011 2. Product-design focus on rotor blades, advanced controls and grid integration. Usage Offshore 3. Drive train layout aimed at ensuring that only “pure” rotor torque loads enter the Power electronics Two power converters generator, thereby offering a major reliability enhancing benefit. and transformer incorporated in nacelle 4. Unusual direct drive solution with rear mounted inner-rotor PMG. The generator Drive train Direct drive solution with is electrically split into two 50-50 sections, whereby each section feeds power to rear mounted inner-rotor PMG a separate power converter offering redundancy and increased availability. Rotor and generator interconnected by a long hollow main shaft supported by two main bearings; extra bearing set for the generator stator necessary with this layout. 2O18 21 June 2018 24

Goldwind GW-82/1500 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIIA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 82m State-of-the-art direct drive turbine model with front mounted in-house developed 1 – Longyuan Rudong inter-tidal wind Power rating 1.5MW generator and a current platform choice between four different rotor diameters and farm, China (1 unit, 2010) Number of blades 3 three IEC classes. Orientation Upwind Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Still available onshore but superseded by Head mass About 87-90T 1. Emeritus professor Friedrich Klinger of Saarland University of Applied Sciences in 3MW and 6MW platforms offshore Specific power 284W/m2 Saarbrucken (Germany) developed the initial 1.5MW Vensys 70/77 platform largely Prototype First Vensys model with engineering student teams. Track record put up in Germany 2007 2. Current 1.5MW licence product platform further developed by Vensys AG. Onshore of all model variants over 11,000 Introduction 2005 or 2006; optimisation 3. Goldwind is main Vensys licensee and main shareholder. units 1.2MW Vensys 62 and 64 sister models 4. Unique blade pitch system with belt drive operates without requiring lubrication and Usage Mainly onshore with minimal wear and maintenance requirement. Power electronics In tower base Drive train Cast main carrier; stationary main shaft (pin) and two rotor bearings; front-mounted outer-rotor PMG

Goldwind GW-109/2500 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 109m State-of-the-art direct drive turbine model with front mounted in-house developed 2 – Longyuan Rudong, China (1 unit, Power rating 2.5MW generator and a platform choice between three different rotor diameters and IEC wind 2010); Jiangsu Rudong 2, China (40 units, Number of blades 3 classes. 2013) Orientation Upwind Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Product status Head mass N/A 1. Emeritus professor Friedrich Klinger of Saarland University of Applied Sciences in Still available onshore but superseded by Specific power 268W/m2 Saarbrucken (Germany) initially developed both 1.5MW Vensys 70/77 and 2.5MW 3MW and 6MW platforms Prototype N/A Vensys 90 initial platforms with engineering student teams. Introduction N/A 2. Current 2.5MW licence product platform developed by Vensys Usage Onshore and offshore 3. Goldwind is the main licensee and main shareholder. Track record Power electronics In tower base 4. Low head mass was main initial development driver, further evolution into current 41 Drive train Cast main carrier; front- 2.5MW platform. mounted PMG and single rotor bearing 5. Unique and ingenious blade pitch system with tooted belt drive operates without requiring lubrication and with minimal wear and maintenance requirements.

Guodian UP1500-86 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIIB Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 86m Conventional high-speed geared wind turbine design. 2 – Longyuan Rudong, China (2 units, Power rating 1.5MW 2010); Tianjin Dagang Binhai, China (22 Number of blades 3 Product notes units, 2014) Orientation Upwind 1. Guodian United Power owns the UP1500 IP rights. UP1500-70 and UP1500-77 Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed produced under a technology transfer contract (2006) with Aerodyn Eneriesysteme Product status Head mass N/A of Germany. Commercially available in four rotor Specific power 258W/m2 2. Aerodyn’s basic design was based on European suppliers. GUP conducted a number diameter variants: 70m, 77m, 82m, and Prototype 2008 of modifications and upgrades including the optimisation of the nacelle structure 86m Introduction 2006 aimed at decreasing mass. Usage Offshore and onshore 3. UP1500-82 and UP1500-86 are largely result of in-house GUP product Track record Power electronics N/A developments. 175 total of which 24 offshore Drive train Non-integrated three-stage 4. Four-point gearbox support (main shaft and two main bearings). Likely 4-pole DFIG. gearbox

Hitachi HTW2.0-80 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIA+, for typhoon-prone sites Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 80m Based on Fuji Heavy Industries’ Sabaru 80-2.0 model, Hitachi used a 100kW Sabaru 4 – Wind Power Kamisu, Japan (7 units, Power rating 2MW 22/100 for quantitative upwind/downwind configuration comparison. Conventional 2010); Wind Power Kamisu extension, Number of blades 3 mechanical/electrical turbine design incorporates active-yaw system but can yaw freely Japan (8 units, 2013); Fukushima Offshore Orientation Downwind during high wind storm conditions. Wind Demonstration Project, Japan (1 Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed unit, 2013); GOTO FOWT, Japan floating Head mass N/A Product notes turbine (1 unit, 2013) Specific power 398W/m2 1. Hitachi modified the 2MW HTW2.0-80 design for meeting the additional demands Prototype N/A caused by the movements of a semisub floater structure. Product status Introduction 2003 2. Tower design had to be modified for coping with the higher static and fatigue- Expected to be superseded by successor Usage Onshore and offshore related loads due to the swaying movements. models Power electronics Containerized MV 3. The tower diameter top section simultaneously has to be kept as narrow as possible transformer outside tower for minimising wind shadowing impact at the downwind rotor. Track record Drive train Non-integrated high-speed 4. 3-point gearbox support (main shaft and single main bearing) and 4-pole DFIG. 17 geared system 5. Developed for operation at typhoon-prone and high-turbulence mountainous regions and on floating offshore platforms. 2O18 21 June 2018 25

Hitachi HTW5.0-126 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class S Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 126m Three-bladed downwind turbine that builds technologically on 2MW HTW2.0-80. 0 Power rating 5MW Number of blades 3 Product notes Product status Orientation Downwind 1. Passive cooling system with capacity optimised by adapting nacelle shape. Replaced by HTW5.2-127 and HTW5.2-136 Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 2. Normal operation active yaw action; free-yawing during shut-down in high winds. Head mass 350T 3. Acquired the Fuji Heavy Industries wind turbine business in July 2012, widening the Track record Specific power 401W/m2 company’s in-house product development and manufacturing capabilities. N/A Prototype 2015 onshore; 2016 offshore 4. Rotor hub supported by two bearings at stationary shaft for transmitting rotor Introduction 2012 bending moments directly to the turbine main load-carrying structure. Usage Offshore, including floating 5. Separate rotating torque shaft links the hub and gearbox input shaft and transmits Power electronics 33kV turbine output torque only. voltage; converter and MV transformer likely in tower base Drive train Compact medium-speed geared system with PMG

HMZ WindMaster WM1300/45 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Pre-IEC Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 45m Unusual two-bladed fixed-speed turbine design with teeter 0 Power rating 1.3MW hub; single-piece central inner section with fixed pitch angle and Number of blades 2 pitchable 10-metre blade outer sections. Product status Orientation Upwind N/A Operation Fixed-speed, combination Product notes classic stall regulation and partial pitch 1. Two-bladed design. Track record control with outer sections 2. Initially designed for stall power output limitation. 1 (prototype, Zeebrugge, Belgium, 1992) Head mass N/A 3. Rotor concept design and manufacture by former Dutch Specific power 817W/m2 supplier Polymarin. Prototype 1992 4. Rotor attachment to the main shaft by means of one huge metal clamping ‘belt’ proved an effective but costly solution. Introduction N/A 5. Integration of pitch bearings inside main central rotor blade structure with metal castings and two external cardan shafts for activating Usage Offshore and onshore the mechanical-hydraulic pitch mechanism proved costly and required complex engineering solutions. Power electronics N/A 6. Rather small rotor size even for early wind industry period. Drive train Non-integrated high-speed 7. HMZ WindMaster filed for bankruptcy in February 1996. geared; three-stage gearbox and two 8. Company IP and product inheritance rights split between WindMaster Nederland and Turbowinds company established by six former equally rated permanently engaged HMZ Windmaster employees. induction generators

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Icorass 10MW concept turbine PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 150–200m Unusual direct drive stall downwind concept with fibre-reinforced composite rotor 0 Power rating 10MW manufactured in one piece without seams or joints. The total integrated blade mass is Number of blades 2 58 tonnes with the generator to a large degree integrated within the rotor central part. Product status Orientation Downwind The turbine features a helicopter landing platform. Discontinued. Feasibility study completed Operation Stall with fixed blade by ECN unit Wind Energy and TU Delft angle and variable rotor speed control Product notes (DUWIND institute). The original industrial Head mass N/A 1. Design focus at optimal robustness through minimising number of components in partner/project co-ordinator went Specific power 441W/m2 rotor, generator and support structure. bankrupt Prototype Planned Q4 2006 2. Additional main focus on the control and monitoring at wind farm level instead of Introduction 2003 turbine level for achieving the desired reliability and availability improvements. Track record Usage Offshore 3. Open lattice type truss tower extends up from seabed. 0 Power electronics Tower base 4. Patent application for integral hollow composite rotor (hub design with elastic rotor) Drive train PMG; active rotor speed hub interface, hub integrated generator and active rotor speed control. control requiring dual-mode electric 5. Initially envisaged 10% market share of total 60GW planned by 2020 in Europe. machine capable of acting as a generator 6. Rotor-speed control system aimed at enabling a constant output level from rated and electric motor wind speed up until cut-out.

Innowind 15MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 5x101m Lightweight multi-rotor concept with three-legged lattice-type central tower; the two 0 Power rating 15.0MW horizontal levels each incorporate two turbines, supplemented by one upper central Number of blades 15 (5x3) turbine mounting; rigid turbine mounting with individual yaw systems skipped; Product status Orientation Upwind collective yaw system at tower base. Feasibility study completed 2012; evolved Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed into current design (pictured); current Head mass 5x133T (nacelle 73T, rotor Product notes status unclear 60T); structure 2000-3000T 1. Early multi-rotor turbine concepts originate at least from the 1920s but still very Specific power 375W/m2 limited track record. Track record Prototype None 2. Multi-rotor turbines can benefit from multiplier effect but contain more components 0 Introduction 2012 study while turbine dynamics complexity is far greater. Usage Offdshore 3. Germany’s Saarbrücken University of Applied Sciences Innowind wind research Power electronics N/A group headed by emeritus professor Friedrich Klinger presented feasibility study Drive train N/A results in 2012 containing detailed comparative calculations with single-rotor turbines, various structural principles and layouts. Technical solutions include a four-turbine 12MW design. 4. Includes floating option.

Lagerwey LW50/1000 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class N/A Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 50.5m Innovative direct drive design featuring an in-house design direct drive generator and 0 Power rating 1MW single rotor bearing together incorporated in distinct compact nacelle structure. Built Number of blades 3 on 750kW LW50/750 prototype of 1995 with unchanged 50.5-metre rotor diameter. Product status Orientation Upwind Around 220 units of original 0.75MW Operation Pitch controlled variable speed Product notes turbine installed onshore Head mass 52T 1. The 1MW upgrade was never realised. Planned upscaling to 1MW for the 100MW Specific power 499W/m2 Near Shore Windpark project was largely achieved by increasing the rotor speed Track record Prototype None by 20%. 0 Introduction For offshore 1997 2. Lagerwey Windturbine BV filed for bankruptcy in 2003. Usage Onshore and offshore 3. Since 2004, Dutch company Emergya Wind Technologies BV has further developed Power electronics Tower base and marketed former Lagerwey’s direct drive technology up to 900kW and the latest Drive train Classic electrically excited 61-metre rotor diameter for onshore only. synchronous ring generator forms a 4. Optimised for maritime conditions as outlined in NSW feasibility study of November compact assembly with the 1997. single rotor bearing

MHI Vestas V112-3.0MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class S Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 112m An informal successor to the Vestas V90-3.0MW, the V112 was a return to a classic 4 – Kaarehamn, Sweden (16 units, 2013); Power rating 3MW state-of-the-art non-integrated mechanical drive train design. Extended operating Northwind, Belgium (72 units, 2014); Number of blades 3 envelope compared to onshore V112-3.0MW. First Vestas model fitted with in-house Luchterduinen, Netherlands (43 units, Orientation Upwind PMG. 2015); Humber Gateway, UK (73 units, Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 2015) Head mass 180T Product notes Specific power 305W/m2 1. 55% increase in rotor swept area compared to V90-3.0MW but also substantial head Product status Prototype 2010 (onshore) mass increment. Succeeded by 4MW platform Introduction 2010 2. Maximum mass individually transportable sub-assemblies 70T. Usage Onshore and offshore 3. Key overall focus at reliability enhancement with a passive CoolerTop cooling system Track record Power electronics Up tower incorporated. 1799 onshore and offshore Drive train Non-integrated high-speed 4. Gearbox and other main component exchange much simplified and more service geared friendly compared with V90-3.0MW. Three-point gearbox support (main shaft and single rotor bearing), three-stage or four-stage differential gearbox and PMG. 5. Succeeded 2012-13 by upgraded V112-3.3MW model and simultaneous switch to induction generators; upgrade to V112-3.45MW in 2015. 2O18 21 June 2018 27

MHI Vestas V112-3.3MW Photo: PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IB Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 112m Successor to the V112-3.0MW and V90-3.0MW. 2 – Kentish Flats 2, UK (15 units, 2016); Power rating 3.3MW Belwind 2, Belgium (50 units, 2017) Number of blades 3 Product notes Orientation Upwind 1. 55% increasing rotor swept area compared with V90-3.0MW but also substantial Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed increase in head mass. Succeeded by 4MW platform Head mass 180T 2. Power boost option to 3.45MW. Specific power 335W/m2 3. Maximum mass individually transportable sub-assemblies of 70T. Track record Prototype 2012 (onshore, Denmark) 4. Key overall focus at reliability enhancement with a passive CoolerTop cooling system 483 onshore and offshore Introduction 2013 incorporated. Usage Onshore and offshore 5. Gearbox and other main component exchange much simplified and more service- Power electronics Up tower friendly compared with V90-3.0MW; three-point gearbox support (main shaft and Drive train Non-integrated high-speed single rotor bearing), three-stage or four-stage differential gearbox, IG. geared

Mitsubishi MWT92/2.4MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIA (up to 70m/s Key characteristics Offshore projects typhoon conditions) Conventional high-speed wind turbine design 1 – Chosi demonstration project, Japan Rotor diameter 92.0m (1 unit, 2013) Power rating 2.4MW Product notes Number of blades 3 1. Nacelle subdivided into three distinct modules: yaw, front, and rear. Product status Orientation Upwind 2. During power generation rotor orientation upwind, and when stopped in high-wind N/A Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed conditions turned into downwind position (yaw control). Head mass N/A 3. Single rotor bearing attached to three-stage gearbox and non-integrated DFIG. Track record Specific power 361W/m2 1 Prototype N/A Introduction 2007 Usage Onshore and offshore Power electronics All inside nacelle Drive train Semi-integrated high-speed geared

MultiWind MWT-6000 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 3x70m Patented multi-rotor turbine concept with semi-vertical central rotor arms mounting, 0 Power rating 6.0MW central housing support and integrated yaw system. Three rotors mounted at rotor Number of blades 9 (3 x 3) arms equally interspaced at 120-degrees in the rotor plane. During normal operation Product status Orientation Upwind one rotor arm points up vertically. In the event of single rotor failure, the unit is Feasibility study completion 2000 and Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed brought in stationary bottom position. The remaining rotors now turned in upward development then stopped Head mass N/A (depends on donor position at 120-degree interspacing continue operation at a maximum 67% of turbine choice) cumulative rated power (6MW). Integral support structure and tower design. Donor Track record Specific power 520W/m2 nacelles must be technically adapted before incorporation in MWT-6000 structure. 0 Prototype None Introduction 2000 Product notes Usage Offshore and onshore 1. Multi-rotor turbines can benefit from multiplier effect, and therefore scale faster Power electronics Up tower or tower base than single-rotor turbine developments, i.e. 2 x 3MW = 6MW; 3 x 4MW = 12MW. Drive train Direct drive or high-speed 2. Multi-rotor turbines also contain more components and the turbine dynamics more geared complex compared with single rotor systems of similar capacity. 3. One 300kW turbine with four 75kW rotors built in the Netherlands operated for many years successfully. 4. Vestas installed a 900kW concept turbine, again with four rotors, in 2016

Nedwind NW40/500 Photo: Nuon PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Pre-IEC Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 40.77m Unusual mechanical design with large box-type steel nacelle with a long main shaft 1 – Ijsselmeer, Netherlands (4 units, 1994, Power rating 0.5MW linking the rotor to rearward positioned gearbox. decommissioned 2016) Number of blades 2 Orientation Upwind Product notes Product status Operation Active-stall plus fixed 1. Successor of pioneering 500kW Nedwind NW35/500 (35m rotor, 1991) and 500kW Operated successfully for prolonged speed (32 RPM) NW34/500 (34-metre rotor, 1989). period; one turbine lost nacelle in late Head mass 34T (nacelle 22T; rotor 12T) 2. One wind farm built in Dutch IJsselmeer lake. Lely turbines put on monopile 2014 Specific power 383W/m2 foundations. Prototype 1993 3. Fits with Dutch wind technology preference for two-bladed turbines up until 750kW Track record Introduction N/A WindMaster and the largest 1MW Nedwind NW53. N/A Usage Mainly onshore 4. Onshore prototype had smaller 40.15m rotor Power electronics No converter; 5. NEG Micon acquired Nedwind in late September 1998 and all portfolio products transformer likely in tower base were canned. Drive train Semi-integrated high- speed geared; three-stage gearbox with parallel shafts and two 250kW induction generators 2O18 21 June 2018 28

Nedwind NW53/1200kW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Pre-IEC Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 52.6m Unusual mechanical design with large box-type steel nacelle. Long main shaft linking 0 Power rating 1.2MW the rotor to rear-positioned gearbox. Pioneering original 1MW NW53/1000kW Number of blades 2 onshore concept was once world’s largest commercial turbine model. Product status Orientation Upwind Paper concept only Operation Active-stall plus fixed Product notes speed (29.5 RPM) 1. Second NW50 series version with enlarged 55m rotor was announced (NW55) but Track record Head mass 77T (nacelle 56T; rotor 21T) prototype installation status unclear. N/A Specific power 552W/m2 2. 1MW design aimed at creating multiple turbine configurations (250kW, 500kW, Prototype None 1MW) with standardised 250kW generator. Introduction 1997 3. Planned upscaling to 1.2MW for the 100MW Near Shore Windpark (NSW) project. Usage Offshore Capacity boost was to be largely achieved by increasing rotor speed by 17%; Power electronics No converter; optimised for maritime conditions outlined in NSW feasibility study late 1997. transformer likely in tower base 4. Three-point gearbox support (main shaft and single rotor bearing), three-stage Drive train Semi-integrated high-speed gearbox with parallel shafts and four 300kW induction generators. geared 5. NEG Micon acquired Nedwind in late September 1998 and all portfolio products including the NW50 were withdrawn.

NEG Micon NM 2000/72 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Likely I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 72m Upgrade and up-scaling of the initial 1.5MW stall regulated Nordtank NTK1500/60 1 – Yttre Stengrund, Sweden (5 units, Power rating 2MW turbine commissioned in August 1995. Features the classic non-integrated mechanical 2001; decommissioned 2015) Number of blades 3 drive train design popular with many competitors. Jacob Jensen Design drew elegant Orientation Upwind lines of the nacelle and tower and received the German IF Award and Red Dot Award Product status Operation Fixed speed (pole for Product Design in 1997. The nacelle shape was retained for the NM2000/72. Vestas acquired NEG Micon in 2004. switchable) with active stall control The NM 2000/72 was deleted from the Head mass 116T (nacelle 76T; rotor 40T) Product notes combined product portfolio Specific power 491W/m2 1. The NTK60/1500 and largely comparable NM 2000/72 nacelles were heavy and Prototype 2000 expensive to produce due to the characteristic steel ‘bathtub’ shaped nacelle and Track record Introduction N/A being the main load-carrying structure. 5 offshore. Around 50 NM 2000/72 series Usage Onshore and offshore 2. Onshore prototype was installed at a high-wind site with average speeds of 11.5m/s were produced in total, including for Yttre Power electronics None at Burgar Hill in the Orkney Islands in 2000. Stengrund. Drive train Non-integrated high- 3. Yttre Stengrund wind farm in Sweden removed in late 2015 with apparently only speed geared; three-point gearbox one unit still operating due to difficulties in finding replacement components. Initial support, three-stage gearbox and switch plan to repower the site with larger turbines and reuse of monopile foundations to a single induction generator from two was scrapped. generators fitted in the NTK 1500/60

NEG Micon NM92/2750 Photo: PHG Consulting PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 92m Upgrade of NEG Micon NM80/2750. 0 Power rating 2.75MW Classic state-of-the-art non-integrated Number of blades 3 mechanical drive train design also Product status Orientation Upwind popular with many competitors. NEG Micon entered unconditional Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed agreement in late 2003 with Danish utility Head mass N/A Product notes Elsam for delivery of 30 NM92/2750 Specific power 414W/m2 1. Marked NEG Micon’s departure from turbines for the UK offshore project Prototype 2002 (onshore at fixed speed (active) stall. Kentish Flats. Vestas and NEG Micon high-wind Orkney Islands, UK, left) 2. Three-point gearbox support (main merged in 2004 and the NM92/2750 was Introduction 2002 shaft and single rotor bearing). Three- then deleted from the combined product Usage Onshore and offshore stage gearbox and DFIG. portfolio Power electronics Tower base Drive train Non-integrated high-speed Track record geared At least 17 units of the N80/2750 and N92/2750 combined to July 2003

NEG Micon NM110/4200 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 110m Upgrade of NEG Micon NM80/2750 and 0 Power rating 4.2MW NM92/2750. Classic, state-of-the-art non- Number of blades 3 integrated drive train design also popular with Product status Orientation Upwind many competitors. Vestas and NEG Micon merged in Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 2004; fully certified product was further Head mass 214T (nacelle 145T, rotor 69T) Product notes upgraded to the Vestas V120-4.5MW Specific power 442W/m2 1. Commercially highly promising and fully Prototype 2003 (onshore, Denmark) certified wind turbine model, which could Track record Introduction N/A have become the major competitor of the 1 (onshore prototype, pictured) Usage Mainly offshore Siemens SWT-3.6-107. Power electronics Tower base 2. Lightweight benchmark 214-tonne head Drive train Non-integrated high-speed mass in the 4.2MW-5MW class. geared 3. Three-point gearbox support (main shaft and single rotor bearing), three-stage gearbox and DFIG. 2O18 21 June 2018 29

Nordex N90/2300 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 90m Evolutionary further development 1 – Frederikshavn, installed together with Power rating 2.3MW of 2.5MW N80/2500 Alpha series one Vestas V90-3.0MW and one Bonus Number of blades 3 introduced in 2000; ‘classic’ non- 2.3MW (82.4m rotor) Orientation Upwind integrated mechanical and electrical Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed drive train design also popular with many Product status Head mass N/A competitors. No longer available Specific power 362W/m2 Prototype Onshore 2002; offshore Product notes Track record Frederikshavn, Denmark, 2002 1. N90/2300 in the next years upgraded 461 onshore and offshore Introduction N/A to 2.5MW N90/250. Usage Onshore and offshore Power electronics Tower base Drive train Non-integrated high- speed geared; three-point gearbox support (main shaft and single rotor bearing), three-stage gearbox and DFIG

Nordex N90/2500 Offshore PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 90m Evolutionary development of 2.5MW N80/2500 Alpha series (2000) and N90/2300 1 – Rostock, Germany (1 unit, 2006) Power rating 2.5MW (2002). The classic non-integrated mechanical and electrical drivetrain design is Number of blades 3 popular with many competitors. Product status Orientation Upwind N90/2500 available from 2007 as part of Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes the Beta series (focus N90/2500 for IEC Head mass N/A 1. N90/2500 fitted with in-house NR 45 blades. IIA); from 2010 as part of the evolutionary Specific power 393W/m2 2. The N90/2500 at Rostock was Germany’s first offshore turbine, installed about 500 Gamma series (upgrade to IEC IA) Prototype 2005 (onshore); 2006 metres from shore. (offshore, Rostock, Germany) 3. Some marine modifications like for instance with the nacelle. Track record Introduction 2005 Cumulative onshore and offshore: Usage Onshore and offshore N80/2500 plus N90/2500 Beta about Power electronics Tower base 1900 units Drive train Non-integrated high- speed geared; three-point gearbox support (main shaft and single rotor bearing), three-stage gearbox and DFIG

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Health, Safety & Environment is top priority 2O18 21 June 2018 30

Nordex N150/6000 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class S (up to 11m/s) Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 150m Third-generation 5MW to 6MW direct drive ‘super class’ offshore turbine with unusual 0 – 40% share (up to 70 turbines) was Power rating 6MW mass-optimised cast main chassis. Lightweight slender Nordex blades incorporate planned for Arcadis Ost 1, Germany Number of blades 3 carbon fibres. The turbine has a favourable specific power and ‘low’ head mass. Orientation Upwind Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Discontinued April 2012 after Nordex Head mass 330T 1. Pioneering offshore-dedicated wind turbine concept with several distinct design and pulled out of offshore business Specific power 340W/m2 upkeep enhancing features. Prototype None Track record Introduction 2010, serial production 0 planned for 2014 Usage Offshore Power electronics Tower base Drive train Unusual direct drive solution with rear mounted liquid-cooled outer- rotor PMG; rotor and generator each mounted to individual rotating shafts, each with its own bearing set

Nordic 3000 Offshore PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Likely I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 90m Lightweight geared turbine design with two blades and a teeter hub. Technologically 0 Power rating 3MW builds upon the 1MW Nordic 1000, of which a prototype was installed at the island of Number of blades 2 Gotland in Sweden in 1995 (pictured). Product status Orientation Upwind Discontinued Operation Pitch-controlled and Product notes likely fixed rotor speed speed (20RPM) 1. was founded in 1990 in Sweden and changed ownership several Track record Head mass 90T (nacelle 63T, rotor 27T) times becoming a Parsons Peebles Holding Ltd (UK) subsidiary in September 2003; 0 Specific power 472W/m2 Nordic Windpower USA was founded in 2007; Nordic Windpower LLC (US) filed for Prototype None liquidation in 2012. Introduction N/A 2. A 2.3MW onshore version with similar 90-metre rotor diameter also said to be in Usage Offshore development during 2004. Power electronics None Drive train High-speed geared; three- stage gearbox with integrated main bearing flanged to a torque tube and generator; internal drive shaft to induction generator

Nordtank NTK 600/43 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Pre-IEC Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 43m Builds mechanically and electrically on the NTK 500/37 and NTK 500/41 models. 1 – Single ‘wet-feet’ wind farm Power rating 600kW accessible by a foot bridge: Irene Vorrink, Number of blades 3 Product notes Netherlands (28 units, 1996-97, due to Orientation Upwind 1. Micon and Nordtank Energy Group merged in 1997, forming the new NEG Micon be dismantled as part of 250MW Blauw Operation Classic stall regulated group. project) fixed speed with tip brakes 2. Of the new combined product portfolio only the NTK 60/1500 survived. Head mass N/A (nacelle 20T; rotor N/A) Product status Specific power 413W/m2 Discontinued Prototype 1995 Introduction N/A Track record Usage Onshore and offshore (near shore) N/A Power electronics None Drive train Non-integrated high-speed geared with four-point gearbox support (main shaft, two main bearings, and main shaft support housing), three-stage gearbox and induction generator

Northern Power Systems PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I NPS 8.0-175 Offshore projects Rotor diameter 175m 0 Power rating 8MW Key characteristics Number of blades 3 Conventional direct drive turbine layout with front- Product status Orientation Upwind mounted ring generator. Development understood to have been Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed halted Head mass N/A Product notes Specific power 333W/m2 1. Technology basis 2.3MW turbine model with Track record Prototype None 93-metre rotor diameter, of which two units 0 Introduction 2011 were installed until 2011. Usage Offshore 2. Development focus at individual ‘easy’ generator Power electronics 33-34.5kV medium- stator segments and converter modules voltage transformer located in nacelle exchange with the aid of an inboard crane. bottom compartment behind the tower 3. Liquid-cooled stator with enhanced heat Drive train Lightweight in-house PMG; dissipation capability enables the use of lower inner rotor design comprising two 180-degree grade magnets while retaining a favourable stator segments, each supplying power generator mass. to own individual converter 2O18 21 June 2018 31

Prokon Nord Multibrid M5000 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 116m Lightweight hybrid drive solution between high-speed geared and direct drive: 0 Power rating 5.0MW Multibrid = MULTI(megawatt) + (hy)BRID. Multibrid M5000 was one of three initial Number of blades 3 first-generation 4.5MW-5MW ‘super class’ concepts introduced 2002 to 2004. Product status Orientation Upwind Dedicated for offshore use with fully enclosed climate-controlled but very small Succeeded by Multibrid M5000-116 and Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed nacelle. Various redundancy measures incorporated. M5000-135 (renamed Adwen AD 5-135) Head mass 310T (nacelle ±200T, rotor ±110T) Product notes Track record Specific power 473W/m2 1. German engineering consultancy Aerodyn Energiesysteme presented initial concept 4 x M5000 onshore prototypes installed Prototype Onshore 2004 (1), 2006 with of this patented design with 100-metre rotor diameter in 1998. tripod foundation (1) and 2008 (2) 2. The initial M5000 prototype model with small nacelle was later renamed onshore Introduction 1998 version. The fourth owner Areva Wind (51% share 2007) developed an offshore Usage Offshore and onshore version with spacious service-friendly nacelle. Power electronics Tower base 3. Gearbox journal bearings are a genuine wind industry novelty. Single rotor bearing. Drive train Fully integrated highly compact 4. Full nacelle exchange when major mechanical issue occurs. drive train comprising 1.5-stage planetary 5. Original concept 1998 with further development by second owner/licensee gearbox and PMG incorporated in compact Pfleiderer and Aerodyn Energiesysteme; sold to third owner Prokon Nord in 2003. single load-carrying cast structure

Repower 5M PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I (DNV GL Offshore extended Key characteristics Offshore projects for 10.5m/s mean wind speed) Offshore-dedicated wind turbine design aimed at uncomplicated service-friendly 4 – Beatrice, UK (2 units, 2006-07); Rotor diameter 126m upkeep. The design allows gearbox exchange within one day and without having to Thornton Bank, Belgium (6 units, 2008); Power rating 5MW remove the rotor. Alpha Ventus, Germany (6 units, 2009); Number of blades 3 Ormonde, UK (30 units, 2011) Orientation Upwind Product notes Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 1. Repower was founded in 2001 through merger of medium-size suppliers Product status Head mass 430T (nacelle 315T; rotor 115T) Jacobs Energie and BWU, and engineering consultancy Pro + Pro (50% Aerodyn Discontinued Specific power 401W/m2 Energiesysteme). Prototype 2004 (onshore); 2. Initial co-operation between former German companies DeWind, Jacobs Energie Track record 2006 (offshore, Beatrice, UK) and Husumer Schiffswerft (HSW) aimed at jointly developing 5MW offshore turbine. 53 (44 offshore, 9 onshore) Introduction 2002 3. The 5M was the world’s first commercial 5MW turbine, a remarkable achievement Usage Onshore and offshore for a small regional supplier with only a 12-person R&D team. Power electronics Uptower 4. The 126m rotor remained offshore benchmark until Alstom Haliade and Siemens Drive train Non-integrated high-speed SWT-6.0-154 prototypes installation in 2012. geared with four-point gearbox support 5. Own risk and own cost agreements with key wind industry players in developing (main shaft and two main bearings), components of pioneering dimensions. three-stage gearbox and 6-pole DFIG

Samsung S7.0-171 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class SB/IA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 171.2m Offshore-dedicated medium-speed turbine with the wind industry’s largest rotor 1 – Fife Energy Park, UK (1 unit, 2013) Power rating 7MW diameter in the 7MW class, resulting in a very low specific power rating for an IEC S/I Number of blades 3 class turbine. The rotor blades are designed and built by SSP Technology of Denmark. Product status Orientation Upwind Unit features a helicopter hoisting area at nacelle rear. Discontinued. Samsung stepped out Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed of the wind business and sold the Head mass N/A Product notes prototype to government-backed UK Specific power 304W/m2 1. Spacious nacelle layout but gearbox exchange could be less easy due to semi- R&D body ORE Catapult as an R&D Prototype 2013 (onshore) integrated main shaft and gearbox assembly. platform for developing new technology Introduction N/A 2. Aimed at North Sea market plus Asian markets characterised by IEC III type wind and introducing new components to a Usage Offshore conditions. conservative offshore market. Power electronics 3.3kV PMG; converter and MV-transformer in tower base Track record Drive train Medium-speed geared; 1 (prototype) two-stage gearbox and medium-voltage PMG; compact semi-integrated main shaft and gearbox assembly

Sany SE9320III-S3 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIIA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 93m Conventional layout; medium-speed geared wind turbine design. 1 - Longyuan Rudong Phase 1, China (2 Power rating 2.0MW units, 2010) Number of blades 3 Product notes Orientation Upwind 1. Unusual choice for medium-speed geared in a combination with DFIG. Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 2. ‘Specifically designed for marine working conditions’. N/A Head mass N/A Specific power 294W/m2 Track record Prototype 2010 or earlier N/A Introduction N/A Usage Offshore Power electronics Tower base Drive train Non-integrated with four-point gearbox support (main shaft and two main bearings), two-stage gearbox and DFIG comprising ’12 pole pairs’ 2O18 21 June 2018 32

ScanWind DL 3000 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class S, I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 90m High-wind onshore and offshore-dedicated direct drive turbine model with rear- 0 Power rating 3MW mounted generator. Number of blades 3 Product status Orientation Upwind Product notes Discontinued; GE bought ScanWind in Operation Hydraulic pitch-controlled 1. ScanWind established in 2000; developed and tested four full-scale prototypes until 2009 variable speed 2008, three at 3-3.5MW and another at 3.5MW. Head mass 205T 2. Rear-mounted generator aims at enhanced supply chain flexibility and greater Track record Specific power 472W/m2 service friendliness. 1 (3MW onshore prototype). Prototype 2003 (onshore at 3. Generator exchange without having to dismantle the rotor. Hundhammerfiljet, Norway) 4. Design choice results often in a rather heavy nacelle design when a traditional long Introduction N/A steel drive shaft linking the rotor hub and generator is applied. Usage Offshore (onshore prototype) 5. Additional 3MW prototype with variable speed gearbox installed in 2004. Power electronics N/A 6. Generator requires two extra stator bearings and two torque supports in DL 3000 in Drive train Siemens PMG; long drive system layout. hollow (cast) driveshaft supported by two main bearings links the rotor and generator

ScanWind GL 3000 ‘Demo 2’ PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class S, I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 90m High-wind onshore and offshore-dedicated geared variable speed model. Generator 0 Power rating 3MW runs at fixed speed and can be directly connected to the grid. A power converter is Number of blades 3 eliminated including the associated loss, typically 2.5%-3%. Product status Orientation Upwind Discontinued. GE bought ScanWind in Operation Hydraulic pitch-controlled Product notes 2009 variable speed 1. Established in 2000. Developed and tested four full scale prototypes at 3MW-3.5MW Head mass N/A and another 11 3.5MW turbines up to 2008. Track record Specific power 472W/m2 2. ScanWind direct drive DL 3000 prototype in 2003. 1 (3MW onshore prototype) Prototype 2004 (onshore at 3. Initial plans to fit this second ScanWind prototype with ABB’s direct drive high- Hundhammerfiljet, Norway) voltage Powerformer generator did not materialise. Introduction N/A 4. ScanWind said in 2005 that the GL 3000 Demo 2 performed to expectations but test Usage Offshore figures suggest that lifetime system costs could be higher compared with a state-of- Power electronics MV-transformer but the-art direct drive system. location unknown 5. Two additional upgraded 3.5MW direct drive prototypes with The Switch PMG and Drive train Gearbox with continuously converter combination installed in autumn 2005, including a switch to electric blade variable gear-ratio and a high-speed pitch. synchronous generator

ScanWind SW 90/3.5 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class S, I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 90m ‘Pre-Generation 3’ and series ‘Generation 3’ high-wind onshore and offshore- 0 Power rating 3.5MW dedicated direct drive turbine model with rear-mounted generator. Upgrade from Number of blades 3 DL 3000 with increased power rating and new Finnish generator and converter but Product status Orientation Upwind unchanged rotor diameter. Switch from hydraulic blade pitch to electric pitching. Discontinued. GE bought ScanWind in Operation Electric pitch-controlled 2009 variable speed Product notes Head mass N/A 1. Rear mounted generator aimed at enhanced supply chain flexibility, and greater Track record Specific power 550W/m2 service friendliness. 13. Two 3.5MW SW 90/3.5 onshore Prototype 2005 (onshore at 2. Generator exchange without having to dismantle the rotor. prototypes of this ‘pre Generation 3’; 11 Hundhammerfiljet, Norway) 3. Design choice results often in a rather heavy nacelle design when a ‘traditional’ long 3.5MW SW 90/3.5 serial turbines. Introduction N/A steel drive shaft linking the rotor hub and generator is applied. Usage Offshore 4. Plans for further evolution into Generation 4 and 5 with increased power ratings and Power electronics N/A rotor size never realised. Drive train The Switch PMG plus power 5. Long hollow cast drive shaft supported by two main bearings links the rotor and converter combination generator. Generator in this drive system layout requires two extra stator bearings and two torque supports.

Senvion 6.2M126 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class S (based upon IEC IB) Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 126m Evolutionary development of offshore-dedicated design aimed at service-friendly 4 – Thornton Bank 2&3, Belgium (48 Power rating 6.15MW upkeep. Designed for one-day gearbox exchange without having to remove the rotor. units, 2013); Nordsee Ost, Germany (48 Number of blades 3 units, 2014); Nordergrunde, Germany Orientation Upwind Product notes (18 units, 2017); Nordsee 1, Germany (54 Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 1. Prototypes assembled in Repower’s 2008 ‘lean assembly’ facility in Bremerhaven units, 2017) Head mass ±460T (nacelle ±325T; specially designed for the 5M/6M series. rotor ±134.5T) 2. New gearbox for ±20% torque increase but little change to mass compared with 5M. Product status Specific power 493W/m2 Capability to conduct major in-board repairs; increased converter redundancy. Overtaken by 6.2M152 Prototype 2009 (3 x onshore) 3. 6M AEP increment versus 5M. 12%-15% extra at 10m/s mean wind speed; 10%-13% Introduction 2006 at 9m/s and 8%-12% at 8m/s. Track record Usage Onshore and offshore 4. In-house manufactured 61.5m blades; 126-metre rotor long-time offshore 171 including onshore prototypes Power electronics Concentrated in nacelle benchmark size. up tower 5. 126m rotor diameter remained offshore wind benchmark until Alstom Haliade and Drive train Non-integrated high-speed Siemens SWT-6.0-154 prototypes introduced in 2012. geared 6. Four-point gearbox support (main shaft and two main bearings), 3-stage gearbox and 6-pole DFIG (upgraded from low-voltage 960V to 6.6kV stator medium-voltage). 7. 6.15MW+ power mode available. 2O18 21 June 2018 33

Sewind W2000 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Likely IIIA+ Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 93m Shanghai Electric Windpower turbine jointly designed with Aerodyn Energiesysteme 1 – Longyuan Rudong, China (2 units, Power rating 2MW of Germany. 2010) Number of blades 3 Orientation Upwind Product notes Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 1. W2000 model available with 87m, 99m and 105-metre rotor diameter for different Presumed retired from offshore Head mass N/A matching IEC wind classes. Specific power 294W/m2 2. Three-point gearbox support (main shaft and single main bearing). Three-stage Track record Prototype 2009 gearbox. Generator topology not available. 2 offshore; more than 300 onshore Introduction N/A Usage Offshore and onshore Power electronics N/A Drive train Likely non-integrated high-speed geared

Sewind W2300-101 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIB Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 101m The W2300-101 is technically based on the Siemens SWT-2.3-101, which in turn partly 1 - Rudong Intertidal, China (21 units, Power rating 2.3MW represents the ‘classic’ Danish design philosophy. This includes a non-integrated 2012) Number of blades 3 high-speed drive train with induction generator, and with pitch-controlled variable Orientation Upwind speed operation. Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Retired Head mass 144T (Nacelle 82T, rotor 62T) Product notes Specific power 287W/m2 1. Fitted with in-house developed and manufactured seamless B49 blades. Track record Prototype Siemens prototype 2008 Offshore, 21+ in China Introduction China 2012 or earlier Usage Onshore and offshore Power electronics In tower base Drive train Non-integrated high-speed geared with three-point gearbox support (main shaft and single main bearing), three-stage gearbox and induction generator

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Sewind W3600-116 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 116m The variable-speed W3600-116 is an offshore-dedicated turbine. High-speed geared 1 – Donghai Bridge 2, China (27 units, Power rating 3.6MW drive train with three-stage gearbox and DFIG. 2015) Number of blades 3 Orientation Upwind Product notes Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 1. Shanghai Electric history can be traced back to 1902. Retired Head mass N/A 2. 1.25MW W1250 licence Dewind (Germany); 2MW W2000 co-development with Specific power 341W/m2 Aerodyn Energiessysteme (Germany); W3600 in-house development; W2500/108 Track record Prototype N/A G2 upgrade licence agreement with Siemens Wind Power. 27 Introduction July 2010 3. W3600/122 sister model with 122-metre rotor diameter for IEC IIIB+, and W3600- Usage Offshore 136 for IEC S. Power electronics N/A Drive train Likely high-speed geared

Sewind W4000-120 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 120m Originally Siemens G4 platform comprising SWT-4.0-130 and SWT-4.0-120 sister model 0 Power rating 4.0MW with 120m rotor; lightweight offshore turbine offering service-friendly upkeep. Number of blades 3 Product status Orientation Upwind Product notes Retired Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 1. Licensed to Shanghai Electric in December 2011 for the Chinese market and for Head mass 240T (Nacelle 140T, Siemens’ global supply network in a joint venture (Sewind 51%, Siemens 49%). Track record Rotor 100T) 2. Fitted with Siemens power electronics and aero-elastically tailored slender blades. 0 Specific power 354W/m2 Prototype Siemens onshore 2012 Introduction 2012; serial production 2015 Usage Offshore Power electronics In tower base Drive train Non-integrated high-speed geared with four-point gearbox support, compact three-stage gearbox and IG

Siemens SWT-2.3-82 VS PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 82.4m The turbine originally known as a Bonus 2.3MW VS partly represents the classic Danish 1 – Hywind floating turbine site, Norway Power rating 2.3MW design philosophy, including especially a non-integrated high-speed drive train with (1 unit, 2009) Number of blades 3 three-point gearbox support and induction generator. Orientation Upwind Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Discontinued Head mass 136T (nacelle 82T, rotor 54T) 1. Successor to fixed-speed CombiStall Bonus 2.3MW. Specific power 431W/m2 2. Bonus was a wind industry latecomer in switching from fixed speed to pitch- Track record Prototype 2003 controlled variable speed during late 2003. 1 Introduction 2003 3. Bonus 2.3 MW VS retains induction generator but a full power converter was added. Usage Onshore and offshore 4. Same power conversion system also introduced in Bonus 3.6MW offshore turbine Power electronics Originally rectifier in in September 2004; pitch-controlled variable speed now standard operating nacelle, and inverter and transformer in technology in 2.3MW and other Siemens turbine product platforms. tower base; latest Siemens NetConverter 5. Fitted with in-house manufactured seamless Bonus B40 blades called IntegralBlade solution in tower base technology. Drive train Non-integrated high-speed 6. Siemens acquired Bonus Energy in October 2004 and renamed turbine SWT-2.3-82 geared with three-point gearbox support VS.

Siemens SWT-2.3-93 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 93m The SWT-2.3-93 partly represents the classic Danish design philosophy, including a 5 – Lillgrund, Sweden (48 units, 2007); Power rating 2.3MW non-integrated high-speed drive train with induction generator but with pitch- Horns Rev 2, Denmark (91 units, 2009); Number of blades 3 controlled variable speed operation. Rodsand 2, Denmark (90 units, 2010); Orientation Upwind Baltic 1, Germany (21 units, 2010); Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Teesside, UK (27 units, 2014) Head mass 142T (nacelle 82T, rotor 60T) 1. Successor/platform addition SWT-2.3-82 VS. Specific power 339W/m2 2. Fitted with in-house developed and manufactured seamless B45 blades. Product status Prototype 2004 3. Three-point gearbox support (main shaft and single main bearing), three-stage Can be ordered from Siemens Gamesa Introduction 2004-05 gearbox and induction generator. subject to certain sites and conditions Usage Onshore and offshore Power electronics Siemens NetConverter Track record and MV-transformer in tower base 277 Drive train Non-integrated high-speed geared 2O18 21 June 2018 35

Siemens SWT-2.3-101 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IIB Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 101m The SWT-2.3-101 partly represents the classic Danish design philosophy, including a 1 – Pori, (1 unit, 2010) Power rating 2.3MW non-integrated high-speed drive train with induction generator but with pitch- Number of blades 3 controlled variable speed operation. Product status Orientation Upwind Can be ordered from Siemens Gamesa Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes subject to certain sites and conditions Head mass 144T (nacelle 82T; rotor 62T) 1. SWT-2.3 platform model extension. Specific power 287W/m2 2. Fitted with in-house developed and manufactured seamless B49 blades. Track record Prototype 2008 3. Three-point gearbox support (main shaft and single main bearing), three-stage 1 outside China Introduction 2008; serial production 2010 gearbox and induction generator. Usage Onshore and offshore 4. Turbine model licensed to Sewind (Shanghai Electric). Power electronics Siemens NetConverter and MV-transformer in tower base Drive train Non-integrated high-speed geared

Siemens SWT-3.0-101 (D3) PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 101m Lightweight service-friendly direct drive initial concept with cast main carrier and front 1 – Eurus Akita Port, Japan (6 units, 2015) Power rating 3.0MW mounted outer-rotor generator; built around hollow stator shaft, offering easy rotor Number of blades 3 hub service access. Product status Orientation Upwind Succeeded by SWT-3.2-101 in 2014. Can Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes be ordered from Siemens Gamesa subject Head mass 133T (Nacelle 73T, Rotor 60T) 1. Initial 3MW direct drive turbine model. to certain sites and conditions Specific power 374W/m2 Prototype Onshore 2009 Track record Introduction 2009 Onshore and 6 offshore Usage Mainly onshore Power electronics In tower base Drive train In-house PMG with segmented stator; single rotor bearing

Siemens SWT-3.0-108 (D3) PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IB/IIA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 108m Lightweight service friendly direct drive concept with cast main carrier and front 1 – Windpark Westermeerwind, Power rating 3MW mounted outer-rotor generator. Builds around hollow stator shaft, offering easy rotor Netherlands (48 units, 2016); shallow Number of blades 3 hub service access. Platform addition to SWT-3.0-101 with enlarged rotor. water Orientation Upwind Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Product status Head mass 133T (nacelle 73T, rotor 60T) 1. Tower base diameter increased from 4.2m to 5m and additional measures for Can be ordered from Siemens Gamesa Specific power 328W/m2 converter and MV-transformer placement and mounting. subject to certain sites and conditions Prototype 2013 (2 onshore at 2. Product-specific tower with 95-metre hub height; five sections include upper Flo, Denmark) 5-metre transition piece. Track record Introduction 2012 3. In-house B53 quantum blade earlier in 2012 introduced for the 2.3MW platform; 48 near-shore Usage Onshore and offshore first Siemens aeroelastic blade; no carbon. Power electronics Siemens NetConverter 4. No specific turbine modifications for Windpark Westermeerwind. and MV transformer in tower base 5. In-house PMG with segmented stator with outer-rotor generator leaves ample Drive train In-house PMG with space for adding stator material towards the centre and can be built more compact segmented stator compared with conventional inner-rotor radial flux equivalents. Single rotor bearing.

Siemens SWT-3.6-107 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 107m The SWT-3.6-107 is a dedicated lightweight offshore turbine with a non-integrated 8 – Burbo Bank, UK (25 units, 2007); Power rating 3.6MW high-speed drive train and several design features that promote cost-effective service- Lynn/Inner Dowsing, UK (54 units, 2008); Number of blades 3 friendly upkeep. The design is a departure of the classic Danish philosophy but it Gunfleet Sands, UK (48 units, 2009); Rhyl Orientation Upwind retains an induction generator; further evolutionary development of Bonus 3.6MW. Flats, UK (25 units, 2009); Walney 1, UK Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed (51 units, 2011); Greater Gabbard, UK Head mass 220T (Nacelle 125T, Rotor 95T) Product notes (140 units, 2013); Sheringham Shoal, UK Specific power 400W/m2 1. Siemens acquired Bonus Energy only weeks after the prototype was installed. (88 units, 2013); Gwynt y Mor, UK (160 Prototype 2004 (onshore) 2. The turbine was renamed SWT-3.6-107 and quickly became the most popular units, 2015) Introduction 2004 offshore wind market workhorse. Usage Offshore 3. Variable speed design combines a brushless induction generator with a full power Product status Power electronics Tower base converter. Discontinued Drive train Non-integrated high-speed 4. Fitted with in-house developed and manufactured seamless B52 blades. geared with four-point gearbox support 5. Power electronics layout initially had rectifier in nacelle with inverter and MV- Track record (main shaft and two main bearings, a transformer in tower base. Latest versions of the SWT-3.6-107 are fitted with a 591 three-stage gearbox comprising three Siemens NetConverter located in the tower base. flanged individual stages, and an induction generator plus full converter) 2O18 21 June 2018 36

Siemens SWT-3.6-120 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Offshore projects IEC class IA Key characteristics 11 – Walney 2, UK (51 units, 2012); Lincs, Rotor diameter 120m The variable-speed SWT-3.6-120 is a dedicated lightweight offshore turbine with a UK (75 units, 2013); , UK (175 Power rating 3.6MW non-integrated high-speed drive train and several design features that promote cost- units, 2013); Anholt, Denmark (111 units, Number of blades 3 effective service-friendly upkeep. The turbine is an evolutionary development of the 2013); Borkum , Germany (30 units, Orientation Upwind 3.6MW SWT-3.6-107 and is fitted with a new generation, slender blade design. 2014); Meerwind Ost/Süd, Germany (80 Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed units, 2014); West of Duddon Sands, UK Head mass 225T (nacelle 125T, Product notes (108 units, 2014); DanTysk, Germany (80 rotor 100T); 2016 => nacelle 140T 1. SWT-3.6-120 builds on the original SWT-3.6-107 units, 2015); Arumbank West, Germany (80 Specific power 318W/m2 2. Fitted with in-house developed and manufactured seamless 58.5-metre B58 blades units, 2015); Baltic 2, Germany (80 units, Prototype 2009 (2 x onshore) called IntegralBlade technology 2015); Butendiek, Germany (80 units, 2015) Introduction 2009; serial production 2010 3. Generates ±10% more energy compared to SWT-3.6-107. Usage Offshore 4. Power electronics layout initially had rectifier in nacelle, and inverter and Product status Power electronics Tower base MV-transformer in tower base; with introduction G4 platform fitting Siemens Can be ordered from Siemens Gamesa Drive train Non-integrated high-speed NetConverter located in tower base. subject to certain sites and conditions geared with four-point gearbox support

Track record 950

Siemens SWT-4.0-120 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 120m The G4 platform is an evolutionary development and redesign of the SWT-3.6-120, and 2 – Borkum Riffgrund, Germany (78 units, Power rating 4MW includes the SWT-4.0-130 flagship sister model. The SWT-4.0-120 features a smaller 2015); Formosa 1, Taiwan (2 units, 2017) Number of blades 3 120m rotor diameter and the slender 58.5m B58 blades of the SWT-3.6-120. Reduced Orientation Upwind rotor size makes SWT-4.0 120 suitable for sites with tip height restrictions, and might Product status Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed allow an easier switch from the SWT-3.6-120 while retaining original permits. Uses Can be ordered from Siemens Gamesa Head mass 240T (nacelle 140T; rotor 100T) blades manufactured with in-house IntegralBlade technology. subject to certain sites and conditions Specific power 354W/m2 Prototype 2012 (onshore) Product notes Track record Introduction 2012; start serial 1. The SWT-4.0-120 offers higher AEP and reduced LCOE compared to its predecessor 80 production G4 platform 2015 offshore ‘workhorses’. #Usage Offshore 2. Four-point gearbox support (main shaft and two main bearings), new compact Power electronics Siemens NetConverter three-stage gearbox with higher torque rating, IG. and MV-transformer in tower base 3. The SWT-4.0-120 has been licensed to Shanghai Electric. Drive train Non-integrated high-speed geared

Siemens SWT-4.0-130 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IB Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 130m The G4 platform is an evolutionary 3 – Gemini, Netherlands (150 units, Power rating 4MW development and redesign of the SWT-3.6-120. 2017); Sandbank, Germany (72, 2017); Number of blades 3 It includes the SWT-4.0-130 and the SWT- Tahkoluoto, Finland (10, 2017) Orientation Upwind 4.0-120 sister model with the 120m rotor of Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed the 3.6MW SWT-3.6-120. The SWT-4.0-130 Product status Head mass 240T (nacelle 140T; rotor 100T) remains a dedicated lightweight offshore Can be ordered from Siemens Gamesa Specific power 301W/m2 turbine with high-speed drive train and several subject to certain sites and conditions Prototype 2012 (onshore, initially design features promoting cost-effective fitted with 120m rotor) service-friendly upkeep. Fitted with new aero- Track record Introduction 2012; serial production 2015 elastically tailored slender B63 blades. 72+ units Usage Offshore Power electronics Siemens NetConverter Product notes and MV-transformer in tower base 1. New-generation aero-elastically tailored slender blades a key enabler in combining improved performance with reduced turbine loading. Drive train Non-integrated high-speed 2. The SWT-4.0-130 offers around 13% yield increase compared 2ith the SWT-3.6-120 at typical 9-10m/s mean wind speed sites. geared 3. Four-point gearbox support (main shaft and two main bearings), new compact three-stage gearbox with higher necessary torque rating and IG. 4. The SWT-4.0-130 has been licensed to Shanghai Electric.

Siemens SWT-6.0-120 (D6) PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 120m Lightweight service friendly direct drive concept with cast main carrier and front 1 – Gunfleet Sands, UK (2 units, 2013). Power rating 6MW mounted outer-rotor generator. Hollow stator shaft offers easy service access to rotor Onshore project Tim Vindkraft Extension, Number of blades 3 hub. Technically based on and evolution/up-scaling of the SWT-3.0-101. Denmark (5 units, 2013) Orientation Upwind Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Product status Head mass ±360T 1. Extensive testing and validation period onshore and offshore. Discontinued in favour of units with Specific power 531W/m2 2. For onshore and offshore sites with tip height constraints. 154-metre rotor Prototype 2011 (onshore, Denmark); 3. Industrialisation strategy aims at applying standardised components whenever 2013 (offshore, UK) possible. SWT-6.0-120 fitted with same but more yaw motor drives like applied in Track record Introduction 2015 the SWT-3.0-101. 9 (4 offshore) Usage Onshore and offshore 3. B58 blade and SWT-3.6-120 hub reused at SWT-6.0-120. Power electronics Two parallel mounted 4. In-house slender B58 blade without seams; no carbon used. power-electronic converters located 5. Generator winding for redundancy electrically split in two halves, each separate inside the nacelle electrical machine feeds current through an individual converter. Single rotor bearing. Drive train In-house PMG (segmented 6. MV transformer in fully enclosed explosion-protected reinforced area under the stator) with enlarged 6.5m outer converter cabinets; single 33kV AC-cable feeds power down the tower. diameter and more poles 2O18 21 June 2018 37

Siemens Gamesa 8.0-154 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IB Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 154m Lightweight service-friendly direct drive concept with cast main carrier and front 0 Power rating 8.0MW mounted outer-rotor generator. Hollow stator shaft offers easy service access to rotor Number of blades 3 hub. Technically based on the SWT-3.0-101 (2009), SWT-6.0-120 (2011), SWT-6.0- Product status Orientation Upwind 154 (2012) and SWT-7.0-154 (2015), the latest two being capacity upgrades and Overtaken by upgraded 8.0-167 Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed optimisations of the SWT-6.0-154 with unchanged rotor diameter. Head mass ±360T Track record Specific power 429W/m2 Product notes Single onshore prototype at Østerild, Prototype January 2017 1. Extensive SWT-6.0 testing and validation period onshore and/or offshore of both Denmark Introduction July 2016 SWT-6.0-120 and SWT-6.0-154. Usage Offshore 2. SWT-7.0-154 successor model generates about 10% more energy compared with the Power electronics Two upgraded parallel SWT-6.0-154 predecessor at upper IEC class I wind speeds. mounted converters in nacelle; 3. SWT-8.0-154 annual yield up 10% at the highest IEC class I mean wind speeds transformer under converter cabinets compared with the SWT-7.0-154. Drive train In-house PMG with segmented 4. Again in-house B75 blade without seams and no carbon used. stator; new more powerful magnets; 5. New nacelle assembly facility in Cuxhaven, Germany, and B75 blade manufacturing upgraded cooling and control system plant in Hull (UK).

Sinovel SL5000 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 128m Conventional high-speed geared wind 1 – Donghai Bridge, China (1 unit, 2015) Power rating 5MW turbine design builds on 3MW SL3000 Number of blades 3 sister model. Product status Orientation Upwind Overtaken by successor model SL6000 Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Head mass N/A 1. China’s first 5MW offshore turbine Track record Specific power 389W/m2 design. N/A Prototype 2011 (onshore); 2015 (offshore) 2. Further developed into Sinovel SL6000 Introduction 2010 successor model with unchanged Usage Offshore 128m rotor diameter. Power electronics In tower base Drive train Three/four-stage differential gearbox and DFIG

Sway ST10 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IB Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 164m Striking radical direct drive design with open 25m spoke-type generator. Integration 0 Power rating 10.0MW with three rotor blade supports eliminates need for separate rotor hub. Rated tip speed Number of blades 3 103m/s. Product status Orientation Upwind Company declared bankrupt in 2014 Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Head mass 625T 1. The three pitch bearings positioned 15m off rotor centre, allowing direct coupling Track record Specific power 473W/m2 between blades, blade support structures and generator offering a short load path. 0 Prototype None Design feature further leaves generator air gap unaffected by flapping (forward and Introduction 2005 (product development) backward) wind loads. Rotor torque and blade gravity loads in rotor plane distributed Usage Offshore and absorbed by the entire structure. Power electronics Tower base 2. Blade support structures solution enables shorter and lighter blades. Drive train Generator ‘rim’ is an 3. Main components inspected/exchanged by using inboard crane and a work platform fixed to the tower, plus specially developed axial-flux PMG with ironless stator core. inspection baskets and professional climbers. Exchange generator segments up to 10m/s wind speeds. The stator is supported by inner spokes 4. Blade and large bearing exchange requires crane vessels. sandwiched in between two rotating 5. Prototype head mass determined at 625T but is expected to reduce by replacing steel blade support structures with composite material. rotor disks 6. Spoked rotor disks fitted with inward-facing permanent magnets.

Vestas V39-500kW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Pre-IEC Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 39m Builds mechanically on the V27-225kW and V29-225kW predecessor turbine models. 1 – Tuno Knob, Denmark (10 units, 1995) Power rating 500kW Pitch control introduced in 1985. Combination pitch-controlled fixed-speed remained Number of blades 3 less common compared to stall-limited fixed speed operation. Pitch control allows Product status Orientation Upwind relatively precise nominal output limiting but also gives high drive train peak loads Discontinued, V42-600kW and V44-600kW Operation Pitch-controlled fixed speed during gusty weather conditions. successor turbine models introduced in Head mass 21.5T (nacelle 18T; rotor 3.5T) 1994-95 operate with semi-variable speed Specific power 419W/m2 Product notes and pitch control (Opti-Slip) Prototype 1991 1. Strong product reputation for robustness, reliability and performance. Introduction 1991-92 2. Onshore turbine version slightly adapted for marine operation. Track record Usage Offshore and onshore 3. Tuno Knob installation has operated for more than 20 years and is still running. N/A Power electronics None Drive train Non-integrated high-speed geared with four-point gearbox support (main shaft and two main bearings incorporated in cast housing), three- stage gearbox and induction generator 2O18 21 June 2018 38

Vestas V47-660kW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Pre-IEC Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 47m Builds mechanically on V44-600kW and original V47 again features semi-variable speed 1 – Setana/Hokkaido, Japan (2 units, Power rating 0.66MW OptiSlip operation with pitch control. OptiSlip allows rotor and generator speed to 2004) Number of blades 3 instantly accelerate by 10% when a wind gust hits the rotor and generator speed. The Orientation Upwind load-reducing feature also ensures better power quality but the generator is still directly Product status Operation Pitch-controlled semi- connected to the grid (no converter). Fitted with innovative, loads-reducing flexible blades. Discontinued variable speed Head mass N/A Product notes Track record Specific power 380W/m2 1. Pitch-controlled variable speed succeeded OptiSlip, applied in the V63/V66 and V47 N/A Prototype 1997 series models, only years following its introduction in 1996. Introduction N/A 2. The Setana/Hokkaido, Japan near-shore project status is not available. Usage Onshore and offshore 3. Four-point gearbox support (main shaft and two main bearings incorporated in joint Power electronics No converter. OptiSlip + cast housing); three-stage gearbox and IG with integrated OptiSlip unit. Can be supplied generator unit assembly in nacelle with two individual generators, with the smaller 200kW generator running at reduced Drive train Non-integrated high-speed speed and for wind speeds up to 7m/s. geared 4. V42-600kW and V44-600kW predecessor turbine models introduced in period 1994-95 also operate with Opti-Slip.

Vestas V66-2.0MW Photo: AMEC PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Likely I Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 66m Builds mechanically on the V66-1.65MW but a switch to variable speed operation with 1 – Blyth, UK (2 unit, 2000) Power rating 2MW DFIG. Favourable head mass for its class; blades feature load-carrying central spar. Number of blades 3 Product status Orientation Upwind Product notes Succeeded by the V80-2.0MW for offshore Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed 1. Predecessor V66-1.65MW and original V63-1.5MW prototype. Head mass 80T (nacelle 57T; rotor 23T) 2. Switch from semi-variable speed operation OptiSlip to variable speed OptiSpeed Track record Specific power 585W/m2 in 2000. 2 Prototype 2000 3. OptiSpeed turbine technology unavailable in North America at that time. Introduction 2000 4. Four-point gearbox support (main shaft and two main bearings), three-stage Usage Offshore gearbox and DFIG. Power electronics Concentrated in nacelle 5. Two turbines installed near-shore at Blyth, UK, high-wind site in 2000. Simultaneous Drive train Non-integrated high-speed introduction V66-1.75MW variable speed sister model for onshore. geared

Vestas V80-2.0MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 80m Builds mechanically on the V66-1.65MW, but with a switch to variable speed operation 7 – Horns Rev, Denmark (80 units, Power rating 2.0MW with DFIG. Favourable head mass for its class. Blades feature load-carrying central 2002); North Hoyle, UK (30 units, 2003); Number of blades 3 spar. Rated rotor speed 10% higher compared with standard onshore model version Sakata, Japan (7 units, 2004); Ronland, Orientation Upwind due to absence of noise restrictions. Denmark (4 units, 2004); Scroby Sands, Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed UK (30 units, 2004); Princess Amalia, Head mass 102T (nacelle 65T; rotor 37T) Product notes Netherlands (60 units, 2007); Windfloat Specific power 398W/m2 1. Developed serious gearbox and other technical issues soon after Horns Rev 1 demonstration project, Portugal (1 unit, Prototype 2000 (onshore); commissioning. 2011, decommissioned 2017)) 2001 (offshore, Tjaereborg, Denmark) 2. Multiple technical hardware and software retrofits and design modifications Introduction 2000 implemented up to at least 2007. Product status Usage Onshore and offshore 3. Initial plans to develop higher rated V80-3.0MW offshore model version with Discontinued Power electronics Concentrated in nacelle unchanged rotor diameter did not materialise. Drive train Non-integrated high-speed 4. Four-point gearbox support (main shaft and two main bearings), three-stage Track record geared gearbox and DFIG. 4391 onshore and offshore

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Vestas V90-3.0MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class IA Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 90m Considered a game-changer when introduced. Low head mass comparable to 8 – Frederikshavn, Denmark (1 unit, Power rating 3MW V80-2.0MW despite a 50% higher rating and 27% larger rotor swept area. Next- 2002), Barrow, UK (30 units, 2006); Number of blades 3 generation slender lightweight blades. Could often be used with V80-2.0MW monopile Kentish Flats, UK (30 units, 2005); Orientation Upwind foundations for reduced CAPEX. Egmond, Netherlands (36 units, 2006); Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Robin Rigg, UK (60 units, 2009, 2 since Head mass 104T (nacelle 66T; rotor 66T); Product notes decommissioned), Belwind, Belgium (55 final 111T (nacelle 70T; rotor 41T) 1. Suffered from complex gearbox problems right from the start of commercial units, 2010); Thanet, UK (100 units, 2010), Specific power 472W/m2 application. Sprogo, Denmark (7 units, 2009) Prototype 2002 (onshore) 2. Gearbox exchange proved expensive due to the compact drive train concept. Introduction 2002-03 3. Multiple technical hardware modifications, including to the cast main-carrier and Product status Usage Onshore and offshore the fitting of more yaw motors. Available for onshore; offshore model now Power electronics All uptower 4. Was withdrawn from the offshore market between early 2007 and May 2008. succeeded by later designs Drive train Compact high-speed geared 5. Flanged semi-integrated gearbox with single rotor bearing design developed jointly with DFIG with ZF Wind Power (formerly Hansen Transmissions). Track record 3065 onshore and offshore

Vestas V120-4.5MW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class S Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 120m Successor/upgrade to NEG Micon NM110/4200. Builds also on similar technology 0 Power rating 4.5MW principles of NM92/2750. Classic state-of-the-art non-integrated mechanical drive train Number of blades 3 design also popular with many competitors. Product status Orientation Upwind Withdrawn from portfolio Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Product notes Head mass 210T (nacelle 145T; rotor 65T) 1. Commercially very promising model could have become the major competitor of Track record Specific power 398W/m2 Siemens SWT-3.6-107. 1 (prototype, pictured) Prototype 2006 (onshore, Denmark) 2. Benchmark 210-tonne head mass in its class. Introduction 2005 3. Three-point gearbox support (main shaft and single rotor bearing); three-stage Usage Offshore gearbox and DFIG. Power electronics In tower base Drive train Non-integrated high-speed geared

Wind World W2500/220kW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Pre-IEC Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 25m Wind World was founded in 1985 as a subsidiary of Grenen Maskinfabrik. The 1 – Nogersund, Sweden (1 unit, 1990) Power rating 220kW company specialised in the in-house design and manufacture of main turbine Number of blades 3 components including gearboxes, the yaw system and all other necessary machining. Product status Orientation Upwind Discontinued. Nogersund Operation Classic stall regulated fixed Product notes decommissioned in 2004 and demolished speed with tip brakes 1. The chosen semi-integrated main shaft and gearbox unit design enjoyed some in 2007 Head mass 11.8T (nacelle 6.8T; rotor 5.0T) limited popularity in the sub-megawatt class. Specific power 448W/m2 2. NEG Micon acquired WindWorld in 1997. Track record Prototype N/A N/A Introduction N/A Usage Onshore and one unit offshore Power electronics None Drive train High-speed drivetrain comprises a three-stage gearbox with semi-integrated main shaft assembly; induction generator

Wind World W3700/550kW PROJECT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS IEC class Pre-IEC Key characteristics Offshore projects Rotor diameter 37m Wind World founded in 1985 as a subsidiary of Grenen Maskinfabrik. The company 1 – Bockstigen, Sweden (5 units,1998) Power rating 0.55MW specialised in the design and manufacture of main turbine components including Number of blades 3 gearboxes (via a co-operation agreement with German supplier Jahnel-Kestermann), Product status Orientation Upwind the yaw system and all other necessary machining. Discontinued Operation Classic stall regulated fixed speed with tip brakes Product notes Track record Head mass 32.4T (nacelle 21.4T; rotor 11T) 1. Enjoyed a good wind industry reputation for product design and quality. 5 Specific power 512W/m2 2. High-speed drive train comprises a three-stage gearbox with semi-integrated main Prototype N/A shaft as a unit assembly; induction generator. Introduction N/A 3. Said to incorporate Optimial Speed Controller (OSC) technology, which enables Usage Onshore and offshore variable speed operation at the lower end of the power curve. Power electronics None 4. NEG Micon acquired WindWorld in 1997 and the W3700/550kW was withdrawn Drive train Three-stage gearbox with from the combined product portfolio. semi-integrated main shaft 2O18 21 June 2018 40 WindMaster WinWind WWD-3 Zephyros Z72 WM1000CS-48/2B Key characteristics Key characteristics The WinWinD 1MW WWD-1 (2001) and Innovative compact direct drive concept SIZE Key characteristics WWD-3 models are based on Multibrid with few moving parts, including single State-of-the-art mechanical design built ‘hybrid’ drive technology, developed rotor bearing and front-mounted generator. largely on the 750kW WM750-E (43.4m and patented by German engineering The hollow bearing and generator support DOES rotor, prototype 1995). Initial WM750/40 consultancy Aerodyn Energiesysteme in structure enable easy service access to the featuring a 40.1m rotor saw only one 1996-97. The ground-breaking Multibrid hub. An airtight nacelle with ‘over’ pressure prototype built in 1991. Both turbine technology was aimed at combining prevents saline air entering. The turbine MATTER designs were equipped with a relatively reliability of direct drive with compactness was to be initially offered in 1.5MW (3kV) small rotor. of high-speed geared. Multibrid-type for onshore and faster spinning 2MW turbines are claimed to be cheaper to (4kV) version for strong-wind (offshore) Product notes produce than direct drive and more reliable conditions without noise restrictions. 1. Fits with past Dutch wind technology against high-speed geared. preferences for two-bladed turbines up Product notes until the 750kW WindMaster and 1MW Product notes 1. An evolution of the 2MW model and now Nedwind NW50 series. 1. WinWinD was founded in 2000 and the major XEMC Windpower volume product 2. HMZ WindMaster filed for bankruptcy in same year acquired a Multibrid licence with expanded rotor diameter range. February 1996. for turbine technology up to 3MW. 2. Introduced during 2000 by Zephyros 3. WindMaster Nederland went bankrupt 2. Also in 2000, Pfleiderer of Germany consortium led by Lagerwey the in December 1998 and was taken over by acquired exclusive rights to use Multibrid Windmaster, ABB, Mammoet, rotor blade Lagerwey Windturbine BV. technology in applications over 3MW. supplier Polymarin, control specialist 4. Lagerwey canned the older WM750-E Pfleiderer Wind Energy built a 5MW Prolion and mechanical engineer WWT. from the combined product portfolio, prototype during the course of 2003. 3. Lagerwey the Windmaster filed for marking the end of the turbine series. 3. Rotor hub connected directly to the bankruptcy in 2003; Zephyros became machine casting by means of a single independent but filed for bankruptcy in large-diameter taper roller bearing. 2005. New owner Harakosan of Japan concentrated on further development of Zephyros-based onshore turbines.

OFFSHORE EQUIPMENT

SOMETIMES BIGGER IS NOT NECESSARILY BETTER

Huisman developed an offshore crane for PROJECT DEPLOYMENT PROJECT DEPLOYMENT PROJECT DEPLOYMENT maintenance on the next generation Offshore projects Offshore projects Offshore projects Offshore Wind Turbine Generators. 0 2 – Kemi Ajos, Finland (10 nearshore 1 – Kitakyushu, Japan (2MW Japan Steel units, 2008, repowered with Siemens Works J82 unit, 2012) Instead of lifting capacity, hook height is Product status Gamesa 3.3MW and 3.2MW turbines in the governing factor behind this design. Never built, paper concept only; 2017); Vanern, Sweden (10 units, 2010) Product status pioneering original 0.75MW WM750/43 XEMC Windpower acquired the rights By allowing for hook heights of up to installed 43 times. Product status from Harakosan in 2007 to manufacture WinWinD filed for bankruptcy November rebranded Zephyros turbines for the 160m above deck level, with lifting Track record 2013. Production of WWD-1 and WWD-3 Chinese market capacities ranging from 90-600mt, 0 turbines and commercialisation of a new 3MW turbine design were discontinued Track record Huisman designed a dedicated, super- 1 (offshore; onshore large numbers with lightweight maintenance crane that can Track record XEMC Windpower) 20 (2 onshore) be (retro)fitted on existing small to medium sized jack-up vessels, allowing operators VITAL STATISTICS VITAL STATISTICS VITAL STATISTICS to efficiently and cost-effectively perform IEC class Pre-IEC IEC class IIA/IIIA IEC class I maintenance operations on the power Rotor diameter 48m Rotor diameter 100m Rotor diameter 70.65m Power rating 1MW Power rating 3.0MW Power rating 2MW source of the future. Number of blades 2 Number of blades 3 Number of blades 3 Orientation Upwind Orientation Upwind Orientation Upwind Operation Pitch control plus fixed Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed Operation Pitch-controlled variable speed speed (35 rpm) Head mass 160T Head mass 97T (nacelle without generator Head mass 48T Specific power 382W/m2 12T, generator 49T, rotor 36T) Specific power 553W/m2 Prototype Onshore, November 2004 Specific power 510W/m2 Prototype None Introduction N/A Prototype 1.5MW Z72 with 70.65m rotor Introduction 1997 Usage Onshore and offshore diameter near Rotterdam April 2002 Usage Offshore Power electronics Modular converter with Introduction 2000 Power electronics No converter; three modules located inside nacelle, Usage Offshore and onshore MV-transformer likely in tower base and MV-transformer at tower base Power electronics In tower base Drive train Non-integrated high-speed Drive train Fully integrated low-speed Drive train 4kV ABB inner-rotor PMG www.huismanequipment.com geared; four-point gearbox support geared design; 1.5 or 2-stageplanetary with passive air cooling by passing (main shaft and two rotor bearings); gearbox and PMG integrated in a wind flow over exposed three-stage gearbox and IG compact load-carrying structure stator outer surface 2O18 21 June 2018 41 FLOATING CONCEPTS Upcoming projects to test waters as developers seek to close the costs gap with fixed offshore and unlock potentially enormous market, writesTim Probert

ackers of a handful concept is scheduled to be company’s floating device, said she is aware floating system under the Sea Reed of pilot projects are installed at the three-unit, featuring a pitch controller wind needs to close programme supported Bpreparing to test the 25MW WindFloat Atlantic off that dampens excessive the costs gap with fixed by ADEME, the French technical and commercial Portugal next year. motion, has operated “without offshore but believes Environment and Energy viability of a variety of floating California outfit Principle any major problems”. this can be achieved with Management Agency. wind concepts in a bid to join has also been lined up to The capacity factor at standardisation, optimised The foundation will feature the industry’s vanguard. supply seven of its WindFloat the site, which features five design of substructures with in the 24MW Groix & Belle- Installed capacity is platforms for ACS’s up to Siemens Gamesa 6.0-154 reduced prices per tonne and Ile pilot project off Brittany expected by optimists in 50MW Kincardine wind turbines atop spar floaters, development of local supply developed by Eolfi and CGN the sector to reach at least farm off Scotland, which is has topped 65%. chains. Europe. 200MW worldwide by 2021, scheduled to go live come Stenersen said , “We think we can get down Naval Energies UK which would be a fourfold 2020. which aims to spend up to to €40 to €60 per megawatt- development manager Robert increase on current levels. The Ideol and Principle 20% of total capex through to hour by 2030,” she said. “We East said the company is French floating developer Power technologies have 2030 on clean energy, sees are looking at using concrete positioning itself as a provider Ideol installed its 2MW again been earmarked for “vast potential” for floating for the hull, which would give running the gamut of design, Floatgen project in May at four-unit arrays of around wind. us flexibility to increase the fabrication, moorings, the SEM-REV test site off Le 24MW to go online off France The Norwegian company draft while having shallower anchors, cabling and Croisic, western France. in the early 2020s. added that Scotland, France, depths,” she added. maintenance for floating wind The square-outlined, The 30MW Hywind Scotland Ireland, the US and Japan Major industrials such as technology. surface-level Ideol Floating project installed last year by hold the most promise in the Naval Energies, a subsidiary “Floating structures Pool platform will also feature Equinor (the former Statoil) near-term. of French state-owned are going to change in the 3MW Kitakyushu in the Buchan Deep around Equinor is also exploring shipbuilder Naval Group, are fundamentally where demonstration project in 30km off Peterhead currently island locations and also getting in on the act. offshore wind projects Japan co-developed with has the commercial field to examining its portfolio of The company is co- can go. It is potentially an Hitachi Zosen and due online itself. oil and gas platforms for developing with Vinci a enormous market with huge by early 2019. Hywind UK commercial lead potential floating wind next-generation concrete/ geographical diversity,” he Principle Power’s WindFloat Elisabeth Stenersen said the development. Stenersen steel hybrid semi-submersible said. n

ACS Cobra Semi-Spar DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions N/A Key characteristics Projects Max. water depth 50-60m and greater, Three 120-degree interspaced circular-tube shaped buoyancy elements. Structural None depending on tides and integration to central turbine mounting column via submerged hollow rectangular- maximum wave heights shape bottom ‘pontoon’ elements. Lower slab and solid ballast tanks in structure Turbine options Max. wave height N/A bottom bring down centre of gravity for maximum stability in installed condition. Active None Turbines per unit 1 ballasting system regulates draught for minimising mean tilting angles as function of Prototype N/A wind speed dependent rotor wind thrust. Track record Introduction Project unveiled 2013 Water basin model testing completed Product notes 1. Full-concrete semi-spar hybrid with central turbine mounting developed by Grupo ACS of Spain. Designed for 6MW+ turbine. 2. Claimed to combine advantages of semi-sub during construction, towing and installation, and spar stability benefits during operation. 3. Spanish government refused environmental impact statement in 2017 for proposed 25MW FLOCAN 5 demo off Canary Islands. 4. Up to 190MW W1N project in Taiwan with Eolfi refused consent in 2017 due to shipping and aviation concerns. 2O18 21 June 2018 42

Blue H Engineering TLP DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions Displacement 3600T. Key characteristics Projects Platform mass 750T, including auxiliary Large-diameter central buoyancy element with a coning upper section for central N/A equipment. Hub height 90 metres turbine mounting. Three 120-degree interspaced outer buoyancy elements linked (based on calculations using to central element via tubular-steel piping forming structurally stiff triangles. Three Turbine options 5MW NREL reference turbine with cables or chains attached to these outer elements moored to a seabed-based ballasted N/A 126-metre rotor diameter) structure that does not require seabed preparation prior to turbine installation. Max. water depth 50m to 300m+ Track record Max. wave height N/A Product notes None Turbines per unit 1 1. Tension leg platform design for 5MW to 7MW turbines proposed by Blue H Prototype None Engineering of the Netherlands. Introduction 2012 2. Targeting large-scale projects of 500MW and up with additional focus on cost- effective series manufacture, easy logistics and installation. 3. Use of detachable stabilisers (Ø10 x 15m) during sea transportation with tugs 4. Concept at advanced stage of development. Now on hold. 5. Developed from BLUE H Submerged Deepwater Platform featuring 80kW turbine installed 22km off the south Italian Adriatic Sea coast in 2008, the world’s first floating offshore wind turbine.

DCNS/Nass & Wind Winflo+ DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions N/A Key characteristics Projects Max. water depth Up to 300m Three 120-degree outward-facing circular tube-shaped buoyancy elements in steel. None Max. wave height N/A Main structural integration to a fourth steel central buoyancy column for turbine Turbines per unit 1 mounting via steel cross bracings and the rectangular-shaped hollow concrete bottom Turbine options Prototype N/A element assembly (the latter is ballasted during operation). Three mooring lines. 5MW Introduction 2014 or earlier

Product notes Track record 1. Semi-sub with concrete base and steel outward-facing inclined columns with central None turbine mounting developed by DCNS. 2. In 2013, DCNS and Nass&Wind completed the Winflo demonstrator design phase and were planning to deploy a small-scale demonstrator with a 1MW turbine while the final device was slated to have a capacity of 5MW. The developers shelved the plans in 2014.

DeepCWind VolturnUS DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions Platform diameter and Product notes Projects draft 91.44m versus 19.8m 1. Semi-submersible concrete hull floater with central turbine mounting developed by 12MW demonstration project (2 units): Max. water depth 45m+ US consortium DeepCWind, including platform designer University of Maine. New England Aqua Ventus I, off Mohegan Max. wave height N/A 2. Construction of 6MW demonstrator off Maine due to start 2019-20. Island, Maine, expected mid-2020 Turbines per unit Turbines per unit 1 3. Three marine mooring lines anchored to the seabed. Prototype 2020 4. New England Aqua Ventus project partners include University of Maine and UMaine Turbine options Introduction 2016 Advanced Structures and Composites Center, Emera, Cianbro and Naval Energies. Likely 6MW 5. 1:8-scale demo with Renewegy VP-20 turbine installed 3.5km off Castine, Maine in June 2013 Track record None for full-scale 6MW class floater; Key characteristics scaled 1:8 structure 2013-14 Three 120-degree circular-tube shaped buoyancy elements in steel. Main structural integration to a fourth steel central buoyancy column for turbine mounting via rectangular shaped hollow concrete bottom element assembly (latter is ballasted during operation).

Eolink DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions 66m long and 58m wide Product notes Projects semi-submersible floater 1. The Eolink concept combines a turbine with light floating structure with a N/A made of steel and/or single point mooring. A set of profiled arms supports the structure, instead of a concrete. Concept designed conventional single tower to simplify installation and maintenance because power Turbine options for 10MW+ turbines with cables and mooring lines are installed independently from the wind turbines. Likely 12MW rotor diameters of 200m 2. French developer Eolink undertook tank testing of a 1:50 scale model at IFREMER with 120m hub heights. facilities in Brest in 2016. Track record Max. water depth 50m+ 3. A 1:10 scale prototype of a proposed 12MW floating offshore wind turbine was None Max. wave height N/A installed in April 2018 off Sainte Anne du Portzic in Brittany. The device measures Turbines per unit 1 seven metres long, six metres wide and has blades that rise 22 metres above the Prototype None sea. Introduction 2015

Key characteristics The Eolink concept replaces the classic mast by three arms and is supported on a trellis, which helps to distribute the weight of the structure and thus improve resistance to fatigue. Due to its rigidity, the architecture also eliminates the problems of vibrations inherent in the mast. The structure also allows increasing wind turbine size. 2O18 21 June 2018 43

Floating Power Plant P80 DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions Floater width 80m Product notes Projects Max. water depth N/A 1. Semi-submersible floating hybrid wind and platform developed by Katanes project off Caithness in Scotland Max. wave height N/A Floating Power Plant of Denmark. consisting of 3.5MW P80 plus 7-8MW Turbines per unit 1 2. Comprises large cross-member incorporating the wave power device and frontal turbine by 2021, four additional P80s Prototype 2019 central turbine mounting at smaller-size member. planned for 2022+; identical Dyfed Introduction 2016 or earlier 3. In development wave power device claimed to absorb 60% to 80% of the inherent floating wind/wave hybrid proposed off energy in the waves. Pembrokeshire. 4. Englarged version of P37 1:2.5 demonstrator installed with Gaia-Wind 133-11kW wind turbine in September 2008 at a test site in the Danish Baltic Sea. Turbine options 5MW-8MW Key characteristics Full-scale floating power plant hybrid-concept for wind & wave power generation. Track record Single 5MW to 8MW turbine mounted at shortest central cross member, plus 2MW 1 - P37 demonstrator off Denmark to 3.6MW of wave power. Platform moored at a single point allowing P80 to passively rotate 360 degrees for maximum wave energy capture and in ensuring safe boat landing. Turbine yaws independently to face the wind.

Force Technology WindSea DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions 23m draught Product notes Projects (submerged). Tower mounting 17m 1. Semi-submersible floating platform for three turbines developed by Force N/A above sea level. Parallel frontal upwind Technology of Norway. turbines 110m interspaced with 2. Dual focus on “excellent dynamic behaviour for wave and wind” and “safety and Turbine options 60m-80m hub height. Third downwind reliability”. Designed for 3.2MW-5MW turbine with turbine at platform rear features aerofoil 3. Additional focus at flexible layout, easy fabrication and installation, and 100m rotor diameter shaped tower and about 100m hub uncomplicated access. height for minimising wake losses by 4. Scaled-model wind tunnel measurements were planned for 2008. Track record front rotors. Assembly functionally acts None like a tail-type wind directing system. Key characteristics Max. water depth 35m-200m+ Lattice steel structure with three buoyancy elements. Turbines mounted at inclined Max. wave height N/A towers atop each element. Platform self-aligns to the prevailing wind direction Turbines per unit 3 enabled by central rotary mechanism. Normal operation 1-degree maximum Prototype N/A deflection and maximum 4.5 degrees under extreme conditions. Introduction 2008 or earlier

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Gicon SOF DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions 42m x 42m x 43m. Product notes Projects Platform mass ±2,600T. 1. Tension leg platform with 6MW to 8MW turbine developed by Grossmann Ingenieur Single-unit pilot in development with Displacement 5,500m3 Consult (Gicon) of Germany. Project started 2016 with initial concept design. installation planned for 2021. Location Max. water depth 20m–350m Redesigned floater radical departure from initial lattice-structure. confidential Max. wave height 9m significant 2. Operating stability performance ‘comparable to’ fixed-bottom monopiles. Turbines per unit 1 3. Use of detachable stabilisers during tug-based sea transportation. Turbine options Prototype Design phase 4. 1:50 model, which included a turbine, tested at ECN Laboratories in Nantes in 2017. 6MW-8MW Introduction 2016 5. Further tests scheduled to take place in Gothenburg in autumn 2018. 6. Gicon has formed strategic partnership with US-developer Glosten to collaborate Track record on TLP designs. None

Key characteristics Four-legged steel reinforced concrete structure. Inclined main structural members link central turbine mounting area and vertical tubes atop cylindrical buoyancy elements. Additional horizontal piping linkages create square-shape floater connected to seabed ballasted structure via four vertical and optional eight cross-sectional cables. Patented feature offers enhanced operating stability with minimised floater movements.

Glosten Pelastar TLP DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions N/A Product notes Projects Max. water depth N/A 1. Pelastar TLP conceived in 2006 and final design for full-scale floater delivered N/A Max. wave height N/A by US naval architect Glosten in February 2014. Initial focus on 6MW Pelastar Turbines per unit 1 demonstrator off Cornwall in the UK. Turbine options Prototype None 2. Design focus at minimal motion, minimal steel mass and complete quayside Design study focus on GE Haliade Introduction 2014 or earlier assembly. Certified design with 25-year design and fatigue life. 150-6MW 3. Basic design ‘adaptable to a wide range of turbine sizes, water depths, and environmental conditions’. Steel suitable for typical fabrication methods. Track record 5. Glosten formed strategic partnership with German developer Gicon to collaborate None on TLP designs.

Key characteristics ‘Scalable’ welded steel floater structure comprising an upper column with top flange for central turbine mounting. The lower central hull is sub-divided with watertight bulkheads. Five integrated evenly interspaced outward-facing flat plate arms provide redundancy in the event of single-point failure. Fibre-rope tendons connect the hull to five high-vertical-load anchors set in the seabed.

GustoMSC Tri-Floater HAWT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions Length overall 76m, Product notes Projects beam overall 87m (for combination with 1. Semi-submersible concept from GustoMSC of the Netherlands with focus on 6MW MoU signed with the intention to mutually 5MW NREL reference turbine) to 8MW HAWTs. develop and design the GustoMSC Max. water depth 100m 2. Advanced stage of development. Scale-model test performed March 2013 with NREL Tri-Floater for the Dongbu project at Max. wave height 6.5m operational turbine at Maritime Research Institute Netherlands. Jeju Island (Korea), a Halla Wind Energy Turbines per unit 1 3. Solution avoids having any fatigue–sensitive details below still water line. development site; participation in other Prototype None 4. Overall product-design focus favourable floater mass and easy fabrication and tender procedures Introduction 2013 installation along with gentle motions and mild accelerations. 5. Mooring system connected to the column top sections aimed at minimising Turbine options overturning moment caused by the wind-induced rotor trust loading. N/A

Key characteristics Track record Three-column brace-less steel hull incorporating square-shaped buoyancy elements None and central turbine mounting. Versatile design for large-scale horizontal and vertical axis turbines.

GustoMSC Tri-Floater VAWT DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions N/A Product notes Projects Max. water depth 100m 1. Semi-submersible concept from GustoMSC of the Netherlands for VAWT as part of N/A Max. wave height Mediterranean Sea SPINFLOAT European five-partner consortium led by French developer Eolfi. conditions 2. Floater advanced development stage. Turbine research phase. Turbine options Turbines per unit 1 3. Solution avoids fatigue–sensitive details below the still water line. SPINFLOAT 5MW adaptation of Prototype None 4. Product design focus on favourable floater mass and easy fabrication and installation. conventional H-Darrieus VAWT with three Introduction 2014 5. Additional design focus on gentle motions and mild accelerations. rotors 6. Mooring system connected to column top sections aimed at minimising overturning moment caused by wind-induced rotor trust loading. Track record 7. VAWT operation allows over 15 degree (static + dynamic) inclination, enabling smaller None floater to compensate for higher €/MW turbine cost. 8. SPINFLOAT claims comparable aerodynamic efficiency with large-scale HAWT, achieved by using blade pitch control.

Key characteristics Three-column brace-less steel hull incorporating square-shape buoyancy elements, and central turbine mounting. 2O18 21 June 2018 45

Hexicon H2-10MW DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions Platform ±204m x ±77m. Product notes Projects Full load draught 17m 1. Semi-sub floating multi-turbine platform accommodating 2 x 4MW to 6MW turbines 10MW Dounreay Tri floating demo, Max. water depth No limit developed by Hexicon of Sweden. Scotland (1 unit, 2018) Max. wave height N/A 2. Currently on demonstrator phase. Turbines per unit 2 3. Platform can be designed for 40 years-plus lifetime related to corrosion resistance Turbine options Prototype September 2018 and material fatigue. Likely CSIC Haizhuang H151-5.0MW Introduction 2016 or earlier 4. Project vehicle of 10MW Dounreay Tri floating demo in Scotland entered administration in 2017; project must be commissioned by end September 2018 to Track record secure Renewables Obligation payments. None 5. Hexicon formed jv in South Korea with Coens Co in April 2018 to manufacture the former’s floating wind technology.

Key characteristics Lattice-type steel structure with three buoyancy elements. Turbines mounted atop two elements. Complete platform aligns automatically to the prevailing wind direction (patented), providing “each turbine free and linear wind at all times”.

HiPRWind DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions N/A Product notes Projects Max. water depth N/A 1. HiPRWind (High Power, high Reliablility offshore Wind technology) semi- None Max. wave height N/A submersible developed by a European consortium co-funded by European Seventh Turbines per unit 1 Framework Programme R&D project; co-ordinator Fraunhofer IWES of Germany. Turbine options Prototype None 2. International consortium comprising industrial partners, applied research Likely 3MW Introduction Project start 2010, organisations and universities. ran to 2015 3. Main research topics: floater and mooring systems, controls, power and grid, Track record condition and structural health monitoring, and advanced rotor concepts. None 4. Industrial challenge to design, procure, construct and install within three years of project start and within the available budget. 5. 3MW project at Biscay Marine Energy Centre, off Bilbao, Spain shelved in 2014.

Key characteristics Elegant three-column lattice-steel structure with tube shaped buoyancy elements incorporating large-diameter heave-plates. Central turbine mounting at fourth column structurally supported by triangular cross bracings. Buoyancy column linkages via upper and lower horizontal members and structurally-stiff triangular cross members.

Hywind 1 DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions Hub height ±65m. Product notes Projects Draught hull 100m. Displacement 1. Ballasted steel spar floater for 2.3MW turbine developed by Statoil, now Equinor. Pilot installed in September 2009 around 5300m3. Diameter at water line 6m. 2. Mooring with three lines. 10km off the south-west coast of Norway Diameter of submerged body 8.3m 3. Spar floaters known for excellent motion response. Max. water depth Demo in 220m 4. Operational demo installed off Norway in 2009. Turbine options Max. wave height 10.5m significant Siemens SWT-2.3-82 VS Turbines per unit 1 Key characteristics Prototype September 2009 Spar with reduced diameter at water line. Track record Introduction 2008 or earlier 1

Hywind Scotland PLANNED DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions Hub height 98m. Product notes Projects Draft hull 78m. Displacement 11,200m3. 1. Ballasted steel spar floater for 6MW turbine developed by Hywind Scotland: 30MW pilot array with Diameter at water line N/A. Diameter Equinor of Norway. 5 x 6MW turbines in the Buchan Deep submerged body 14.4m 2. Mooring with three lines, pre-laid chains and suction around 30km off Peterhead on Scotland’s Max. water depth Hywind Scotland anchors. east coast inaugurated October 2017 105m 3. Spar floaters known for excellent motion response. Max. wave height N/A 4. Plan to test multiple units in park-configuration, verify Turbine options Turbines per unit 1 scaled-up design, optimise assembly and installation, Siemens Gamesa 6.0-154 Prototype 5 units installed in August 2017 mobilise supply chain. Introduction 2014 or earlier Track record Key characteristics 1 – Hywind Scotland installed 2017 Spar with reduced diameter at water line. Suited for bigger turbine but with smaller hull, site-specific and reduced manufacturing costs. 2O18 21 June 2018 46

Iberdrola TLPWIND DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions N/A Product notes Projects Max. water depth 30m-200m 1. Tension leg platform demo developed by Spain’s Iberdrola Ingenieria y Construcción. None Max. wave height N/A 2. Demonstrator 2016-18, commercial 2019-20. Turbines per unit 1 3. Scaled 1:35 2MW TLPWIND and 1:40 5MW TLPWIND designs basin-tested in Spain in Turbine options Prototype None 2012 and 2013 (pictured). 1:36 model tested at the University of Strathclyde in 2016. N/A Introduction 2014 4. Operational and survival conditions were simulated during basin tests plus towing operations under several wave and tow speed conditions. Track record 5. Transport and installation systems include a reusable floater system and a U-shaped None barge. 6. TLPWIND capex (€/MW) breakdown for 400MW wind farm (80x5MW): floater structure 44%, turbine 37%, engineering 11%, installation 8%.

Key characteristics “Lightweight” welded-steel floater structure comprising an upper central column with flange for turbine mounting. Top section incorporates platform and access system. Lower hull subdivided in four 90-degree interspaced pontoons. Full-redundant design through two tendons per pontoon. Vertical-load piles set in seabed.

Ideol Damping Pool DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions 45m x 45m with “only” Product notes Projects 6.4m draught (2MW) 1. Square barge-type surface-floating platform developed by Ideol of France. Floatgen, France (1 x 2MW, 2018); Max. water depth 33m+ 2. Three planned deployments; one in France (2MW turbine), two in Japan (3MW, 4.4MW). Kitakyushu 1, Japan (1 x 3MW, 2018); Max. wave height 16m 3. 2MW Floatgen project at SEM-REV testing site at Le Croisic, 22km off French west coast Kitakyushu 2, Japan (1 x 4.4MW, tbc); Turbines per unit 1 installed May 2018. EolMed, France (4 x 6MW, 2021) Prototype SEM-REV 2018 4. Kitakyushu 1 project co-developed with Hitachi Zosen off Japanese island of Kyushu Introduction 2012 or earlier consisting of Aerodyn SCD 3.0MW two-blade turbine due online by early 2019. Turbine options 5. Kitakyushu 2 set to feature 4.4MW three-blade turbine. Vestas V80-2.0MW (Floatgen); Ming Yang 6. EolMed project in France developed by Quadran consisting of four Senvion 6.2M152 is SCD 3.0 (Kitakyushu 1); Senvion 6.2M152 due online 2021. (EolMed) 7. Ideol signed MoU with Macquarie Capital-owned vehicle Acacia Renewables in April 2018 for utility-scale project in Japan due to start construction in 2023. Track record 1 – Floatgen (SEM-REV, France) installed Key characteristics 2018 Compartmented hull-type floater made in steel-reinforced concrete, with central turbine mounting on a steel interface at one of the sides. Floater central open area called Damping Pool. The water trapped inside acts as motion absorber.

InFLOW Tri-Floater DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions N/A Product notes Projects Max. water depth 200m 1. Tri-floater with two-bladed 1MW VAWT developed by Industrialisation set-up of a One prototype planned at Mistral test site Max. wave height N/A Floating Offshore Wind turbine (InFLOW) of France, a joint-enterprise of French oil near Marseille, France Turbines per unit 1 and gas company Technip and wind-power start-up Nenuphar. Prototype N/A 2. Considerable delays reported with Vertiwind and Vertifloat predecessor projects Turbine options Introduction Around 2006 impacting the overall InFLOW roadmap. Vertiwind/Nenuphar 1MW 3. Prior milestones validation of first 35kW Vertiwind turbine installed onshore in 2009, and 2MW Vertiwind onshore prototype 2014 near Marseille, France. Track record 4. Nenuphar placed into liquidation in April 2018, onshore Vertiwind prototype to be None dismantled. Prototype was planned at Mistral test site near Marseille by end-2018

Key characteristics Three-column lattice-steel structure with tube shaped buoyancy elements incorporating large-diameter heave-plates. Central turbine mounting at fourth (buoyancy) expanded column-tower structurally supported by triangular cross bracings. In-between columns linkages with upper and lower horizontal members and structurally-stiff triangular cross members.

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InFLOW Twinfloat DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions N/A Product notes Projects Max. water depth N/A 1. Twin-bladed Nenuphar semi-submersible turbine concept developed by Offshore demonstrator tests scheduled Max. wave height N/A Industrialisation set-up of a Floating Offshore Wind turbine (InFLOW) of France, a from mid-2018 until the end of 2019 Turbines per unit 2 joint-enterprise of French oil and gas company Technip and wind-power start-up Prototype N/A Nenuphar. Turbine options Introduction Conceptual studies 2. Closely interspaced counter-rotating rotors. Nenuphar 2 x 2.5MW VAWT 2015 or earlier 3. Nenuphar placed into liquidation in April 2018. 4. Offshore demonstrator tests scheduled from mid-2018 until the end of 2019 Track record cancelled. None

Key characteristics Likely five-column lattice-steel structure with tube shaped buoyancy elements incorporating large-diameter heave-plates. Two closely-interspaced counter-rotating two-bladed turbines mounted at outer buoyancy elements.

Innowind Multi-Rotor Turbine DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions Total spar length quoted Product notes Projects 172m; hub height 96m 1. Semi-submersible featuring 6MW to 12MW three-rotor turbine developed by None Max. water depth 60m+ Innowind of Norway. Max. wave height N/A 2. Innowind likely discontinued operations in late 2010. Turbine options Turbines per unit Depends on platform 3. Claimed reduction in wind turbine rotor size by at least two-thirds comparable to Innowind 1.5MW-3MW per turbine with dimensions ‘free-flow’ HAWT models. 20m-30m rotor diamete Prototype None 4. Multi-turbine configurations to allow closer interspacing compared to “free-flow Introduction 2009 or earlier equivalents, enabling higher installed power densities per windfarm”. Track record None Key characteristics Three-column lattice-steel structure incorporating cylindrical shaped buoyancy elements and bottom heave-plates. A fourth short central column atop the structure accommodates the multi-rotor turbine mounting. Horizontal tubular members and interlink the columns, whereas cross bracings provide additional structural strength and stiffness.

Innowind Platform DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions N/A Product notes Projects Max. water depth 60m+ 1. Multi-turbine floating platform accommodating None Max. wave height N/A 15 turbines developed by Innowind of Norway. Turbines per unit Depends on platform 2. Innowind likely discontinued operations in late Turbine options dimensions 2010. Innowind 1.5MW-3MW per turbine with Prototype None 3. Claimed reduction wind turbine rotor size by at 20m-30m rotor diamete Introduction 2010 or earlier least two-thirds comparable to ‘free-flow’ HAWT turbines. Track record 4. Multi-turbine configurations to allow closer None interspacing compared to “free-flow equivalents, enabling higher installed power densities per windfarm”.

Key characteristics Hexagonal-shape steel structure incorporating a main surface-based tubular-steel support structure composed of structurally-stiff triangles. Over 90 submerged buoyancy elements attached to the outer hexagonal structure and at least two cross members.

Japan Marine United Fukushima Hamakaze DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions Width 51m; draft 33m Product notes Projects and hub height 86m 1. Advanced spar floater developed by Japan Marine United. N/A Max. water depth N/A 2. Demonstrator operational. 5MW Hitachi turbine up-scaled to 5.2MW successor Max. wave height N/A model with 136m rotor diameter. Turbine options Turbines per unit 1 3. Involved in floater capsizing incident during its sea transportation in early May 2016 Hitachi HWT5.0-126 Prototype Summer 2016 but put in stable position again about a week later. Introduction 2013 4. Much reduced spar length allows installation at minimised water depths. Track record 1 - Demonstrator in Fukushima Forward Key characteristics Phase 2 installed 2016 Unusual hexagon-shape spar assembly with wide-base upper element for top central turbine mounting and bottom attachment to the spar body. Spar element comprises two wide-base hexagon shape sections joined by a slender tubular central column. High mounting of the six mooring chains for enhanced operating stability. Service crane mounted to lowest elevation of upper element and containerised storage at turbine mounting level. 2O18 21 June 2018 48

Kyushu University DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions 18m diameter, Wind Lens Projects hub height 7m Product notes Pilot project installed 0.6km off Hakata Bay Max. water depth N/A 1. Floating platform for two 3kW wind in Fukuoka in 2011 Max. wave height N/A turbines and solar panels developed Turbines per unit 2 by the dynamics Turbine options Prototype 2011 (wind engineering) division of Japan’s 3kW Introduction 2010 or earlier Kyushu University. Track record Key characteristics 1 Hexagonal lattice-steel ring shaped structure incorporating two small diffusor-augmented turbines; likely six mooring lines.

Mitsubishi Fukushima Shimpuu DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions Length 85m, width Product notes Projects 150m, draft 17m, depth 32m, 1. V-shape semi-submersible developed by Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan. N/A hub height 105m relative 2. Eight mooring chains. to lowest astronomical tide. 3. Production of Mitsubishi turbine discontinued. Status of Mitsubishi semi- Turbine options Displacement about 26,000T. submersible N/A. Discontinued Mitsubishi MWT167/7.0 Max. water depth N/A (formerly called SeaAngel) Max. wave height N/A Key characteristics Turbines per unit 1 Three-column V-shape structure with square shaped buoyancy elements. Turbine Track record Prototype June 2015 mounting at the central element. 1 - demonstrator at Fukushima Forward Introduction 2013

Mitsui Fukushima Mirai DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions Width 5m, height 32m, Product notes Projects draught 16m, hub height 65m 1. So-called ‘compact’ semi-submersible developed by Mitsui Engineering & N/A Max. water depth N/A of Japan. Max. wave height N/A 2. Operational prototype installed at Fukushima. Turbine options Turbines per unit 1 3. Design focus on shallow draught. Floater draught can be controlled by ballast tanks Hitachi HWT2.0-80 Prototype 2013 in the bottom section of each main column. Introduction 2012 4. Chain attachment to the upper sections of each main column. Track record 5. Comes with innovative world’s first floating sub-station (66kV) called Fukushima 1 - Fukushima Mirai, installed 2013 Kizuna and submarine cable. 6. Mitsui signed a collaboration agreement Principle Power in 2017 to promote WindFloat projects.

Key characteristics Welded steel hull incorporating three main circular tube shaped buoyancy elements with enlarged integrated bottom heave ‘plates’. Smaller central column for turbine mounting; structural integration by horizontal upper and lower cross members and additional cross bracings.

Nautica Asymmetric Floating Tower DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions N/A Product notes Projects Max. water depth N/A 1. Innovative topology outside the current three main approaches adapted from the oil N/A Max. wave height N/A and gas industry developed by Nautica Windpower of the US. Turbines per unit 1 2. Aligns to approaching wind without requiring yaw system. Turbine options Prototype N/A 3. Buoyant hull likely enables horizontal sea transport of full turbine and foundation Company visualization indicates direct Introduction N/A assembly, and capability for self-installing after arriving at the windfarm location. drive design; could be in-house product 4. Claimed to increase survivability in hurricane conditions. development and stall regulated. 5. The AFT’s flexible downwind rotor configuration absorbs wind and wave forces by allowing motion, analogue to examples in nature like palm trees bending in Track record hurricane winds without being destroyed. None

Key characteristics Variable semi-submersible buoyancy hull flexibly linked to a downward facing asymmetric conical shaped tube, in turn attached to a single seabed anchor mooring point. Central turbine mounted atop the conical tube, enhanced by a guyed cable system. 2O18 21 June 2018 49

Nautilus Floating Solutions DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions N/A Product notes Projects Max. water depth 60m–150m 1. Semi-submersible developed by Nautilus Floating Solutions, a Spanish consortium N/A Max. wave height N/A led by Technalia and comprising five partner companies. Turbines per unit 1 2. Two-column redundant access to wind turbine. Turbine options Prototype N/A 3. Scale model testing kicked off in 2018 at the Sintef Ocean basin in Trondheim, Current design goal 5MW, future 10MW Introduction 2015 or earlier Norway (pictured). Track record Key characteristics None Nautilus technology consists of a four-column structure with cylindrical steel buoyancy elements and only upper pontoon linkages without cross-braces to central turbine mounting flange. Heave plates positioned inside column perimeter. Catenary mooring system. Passive concrete ballast inside the bottom of the columns acts as a static ballast to lower the platform to its target operational draft and reduce manufacturing mass and cost. Active water ballast system used to compensate for changes in wind speed and directions.

Naval Energies Sea Reed DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions 40-60m wide, Product notes Projects draught around 8.5 metres, 1. Naval Energies is co-developing a next-generation concrete/steel hybrid semi-sub Part of proposed 12MW Aqua Ventus I 7000-8000 tonnes. system for the 24MW Groix & Belle-Ile project off Brittany, France, due online in demonstration project off Mohegan Island Max. water depth Up to 300m 2021. The consortium includes Eolfi, CGN and Vinci. in Maine, USA; 24MW Groix & Belle-Ile, Max. wave height N/A 2. Bureau Veritas issued a preliminary design approval in June 2017. France (four units, 2021) Turbines per unit 1 3. Naval Energies is a partner in the US Aqua Ventus project, which applies a Prototype N/A conceptually comparable semi-sub design but with vertical buoyancy elements. Turbine options Introduction 2014 Other partners include University of Maine, UMaine Advanced Structures and GE Haliade 150-6MW (Groix & Belle-Ile Composites Center, Emera, Cianbro. project)

Key characteristics Track record Each hybrid foundation for the 6MW turbines at Groix will weigh between 7000 None and 8000 tonnes, two-thirds of which consists of the concrete base. The arms of the Y-shaped base will be between 60 and 70m long. Each foundation will include three steel columns to improve weight distribution. Towers and the bases will be filled with ballast. Once on site, the base will be ballasted and sunk to leave an emerged height of 18m. 2O18 21 June 2018 50

OC4-DeepCwind DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions Total draught 20m, Product notes Projects hub height 77.6m relative 1. Three-legged semi-submersible developed as a research project conducted within None Max. water depth 200m+ IEA Wind Tasks 23 (OC3) and 30 (OC4). Max. wave height N/A 2. The OC4 project was performed through technical exchange among a group of Turbine options Turbines per unit 1 international participants from universities, research institutions and industry. 5MW Prototype None 3. OC4 work supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36- Introduction 2013 08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Track record 4. OC4 Task 30, Phase II results presented in 2014. None

Key characteristics Three circular tube-shape steel buoyancy elements fitted with integrated bottom heave plates each connected to a central much smaller diameter cylindrical turbine mounting tube via horizontal and cross members.

Ocean Resource Renewables Ocean Breeze DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions N/A Product notes Projects Max. water depth 60m–200m 1. Tension leg platform developed by Ocean Resource Renewables of the UK. N/A Max. wave height N/A 2. Designed and patented in 2004. Scale model water tank tests completed, and “ready Turbines per unit 1 for full-scale prototype demonstration”. Turbine options Prototype None 3. Ocean Breeze concept derived from tension leg buoys designs worldwide applied for N/A Introduction 2004 over 30 years. Design service life 25+ years. 4. “Minimum cost achieved when using 8MW turbine with Ocean Breeze foundation”. Track record 5. Landing platform and access decks to allow boat boarding. None 6. Following collision or other damage to the floater, the buoyant structure will continue to float even with substantial damage to two buoyancy columns.

Key characteristics Modular-design welded-steel floater structure comprising an extended central column protruding above the sea surface with turbine mounting flange, and four completely submerged cylindrical buoyancy elements during operation. Four vertical tether cable systems connect floater to concrete and steel cellular Gravity Buoyant System foundation that ‘sits’ at the seabed. Optional steel skirt fitted at the base to increase seabed sliding resistance.

Pelagic Power W2Power DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions N/A Product notes Projects Max. water depth N/A 1. Semi-submersible floating hybrid wind and wave platform for two turbines N/A Max. wave height N/A developed by Pelagic Power of Norway. Turbines per unit 2 2. Considering using counter-rotating wind turbines for “neutralising sideway forces Turbine options Prototype N/A acting at the platform”. 3.6MW Introduction 2009 3. Combined wind and wave installed capacity 10MW and up. 4. Focus on easy fabrication and installation with tug boats. Track record None Key characteristics Triangular-shaped lattice steel structure with three buoyancy elements. Turbines mounted atop two corner elements, and the third element houses the power take-off for the patented wave power conversion system. Conventional Pelton turbine driven by three lines for wave-actuated hydraulic pumps mounted at all three sides in between the buoyancy elements. Platform self-aligns to the prevailing wind direction enabled by central rotary mooring mechanism, which eliminates the need for individual turbine yaw systems.

Principle Power WindFloat DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions N/A Product notes Projects Max. water depth 40m+ 1. Semi-sub floater for 6MW-8MW turbines developed by Principle Power of the US. 25MW Windfloat Atlantic, Portugal (three Max. wave height N/A 2. WindFloat prototype with 2MW Vestas V80 turbine installed in late 2011 off units, 2019); 24MW Golfe du Lion, France Turbines per unit 1 Aguçadoura, Portugal. Decommissioned July 2016. To be redeployed at Kincardine, (four units, 2021); 50MW Kincardine, Prototype 2011 Scotland phase 1 in 2018. Scotland (seven units, 2018-2021) Introduction 2008 3. WindFloat technology acquired from Berkeley, California-based marine engineering specialists Marine Innovation & Technology. Conventional mooring system. Turbine options 4. 50MW Kincardine second phase due online in 2019 with six turbines of up to 8.4MW. GE Haliade 150-6MW, MHI Vestas 8.3MW 25MW Windfloat Atlantic off Portugal due online in 2019 with three-turbine 8.3MW MHI Vestas turbines. 24MW Golfe du Lion off France due online by 2021 with four GE Track record Haliade 150-6MW machines. 1 – 2MW WindFloat 1, Portugal (2011), since decommissioned Key characteristics Three-column steel structure with circular-tube buoyancy elements. WindFloat is fitted with patented water entrapment (heave) plates at each column base for improved motion performance. Patented closed-loop hull-trim system (= active ballast) distributes water ballast between the columns. Turbine mounted atop one of the three columns. 2O18 21 June 2018 51

SBM Offshore DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions N/A Product notes Projects Max. water depth 500m+ 1. Adapted modular tension leg platform developed by SBM Offshore of the 24MW Provence Grand Large, France (six Max. wave height N/A Netherlands. Advanced stage of development. units, 2021) Turbines per unit 1 2. Inclined taut mooring configuration creates fixed meeting point just above nacelle Prototype None resulting in very low nacelle motions/accelerations, which reduces loads on turbine Turbine options Introduction 2015 and tower. Also allowing catenary instead of ‘lazy wave’ configuration for the Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 electricity cables. 3. Minimised cable tensioning during normal operation and extreme conditions allows Track record classic, and inexpensive, mooring solutions. None 4. Small seabed footprint and no active systems. ‘Fully self-stable’ during towing (with or without installed turbine) and installation with simple tugs. 5. Low floater mass (typically below 200T/MW). No need for dry-dock.

Key characteristics “Light modular” wide-base lattice-steel structure with inclined outward-facing mooring legs and central turbine mounting.

SCD Nezzy DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions Length 58m, width 39m Product notes Projects (SCD nezzy 3.0MW) 1. Four-phase scaled demonstration of semi-submersible turbine integrated concept Four-phase demonstration Max. water depth 35m-150m developed by German consultancy aerodyn-engineering. Max. wave height N/A 2. Phase 1: 1:36 scaled floating structure test completed at LiR wave tank in Cork, Turbine options Turbines per unit 1 Ireland, during 2016. Aerodyn-Engineering SCD Prototype None 3. Phase 2: 1:5.5 scaled prototype test in open water planned for spring 2018. Introduction 2014 4. Phase 3: SCD Nezzy 3.0MW prototype testing in open water, Irish Sea spring 2019. Track record 5. Phase 4: SCD Nezzy 8.0MW tbc (illustrated). None (multi-year onshore and offshore 6. Modified strengthened drivetrain floating SCD Nezzy turbines. experience in China with SCD 3.0MW and SCD 6.0MW via Chinese licensee Key characteristics Ming Yang) Fully-integrated floater/turbine design. Concrete floater with three fixed inclined floaters each facing upward and inward. Central guyed 10-degree backward-tilted droplet shaped steel tower with SCD turbine. Single-point catenary mooring and yawing system. Turbine yaw system skipped.

Sea Twirl DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions N/A Product notes Projects Max. water depth N/A 1. Ballasted steel cylinder (spar) with central turbine mounting developed by Sea Twirl N/A Max. wave height N/A of Sweden. Turbines per unit 1 2. Next-generation 1MW SeaTwirl S2 in development and to be completed by 2020. Turbine options Prototype None 3. Scaled P3 SeaTwirl prototype installed near Halmstad off the Swedish west coast in Likely in-house 1MW with curved, twisted Introduction Around 2006 2011, with initial idea to store energy in circular bottom section of collapsible rotor. blades 4. SeaTwirl S1 prototype with three straight blades (rotor diameter ±10m, blade length 30m) installed at Lysekil, Sweden, in 2015. Track record 5. SeaTwirl signed a co-operation agreement with Siemens in May 2018 focused on Three scaled prototypes developing the ‘technical parts’ of the S2.

Key characteristics Rotating spar principle, comprising buoyancy element and keel. Turbine rotor and submerged part rotate as a single unit. During operation, the full structure is stabilised by a keel like with a sailing boat. The generator located above the waves is built around the rotating tower. The generator rotor part is attached to the rotating unit, whereas the ‘stationary stator plus housing’ is anchored to the seabed.

Stiesdal Offshore Technologies TetraSpar PLANNED DEPLOYMENT VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions Draft: 67.2m (semi); Product notes Projects 79.2m (spar) 1. Cost-cutting concept aims to “take the best and leave the rest” of spar buoy, 3.6MW Karmøy, Norway (one unit, 2019) Max. water depth 10m-1000m semisub and TLP floating wind designs. Max. wave height N/A 2. 6MW concept developed with mass of 1000-1500 tonnes. Turbine options Turbines per unit 1 3. Floated out as semi-submersible, can be installed as fixed foundation in 3.6MW turbine for prototype, 6MW+ for Prototype Proposed early 2019 shallow water, TLP variant in 40-100m+ of water and spar variant in 80m+. commercial scale Introduction 2016 4. 1:60 scale model tests carried out using Technical University of Denmark’s 10MW scale model pitch-controlled wind turbine. Track record 5. Stiesdal eyeing installation of 3.6MW turbine atop TetraSpar prototype off None Karmøy in Norway by early 2019. Pilot projects slated for 2020. 6. Brainchild of former Siemens Wind Power chief technology officer Henrik Stiesdal.

Key characteristics Simple tetrahedral structure with a keel, which has ballasted tanks that float when air-filled. During towing and floating with foundation requires only 6-8m of water. Semisub stability during towing. On site keel is ballasted, pulling foundation below surface to act as spar. Process can be reversed for maintenance purposes. 2O18 21 June 2018 52 Sway TetraFloat Toda full-scale spar Product notes Product notes Product notes 1. Spar with single-leg anchor for 5MW 1. Wide-base triangular semi-sub with 1. Ballasted floating (concrete/steel) hybrid- turbine developed by Sway Turbine of single central mooring developed by spar with central turbine mounting Norway. TetraFloat of the UK. developed by Toda Corporation of Japan. 2. Full-scale prototype superseding scaled 2. Founded in 2008, small-scale tank testing 2. Full-scale floater plus Hitachi 2.0-80 1:6 prototype installed in 2011 off Bergen in 2012 then DECC ‘six-figure’ grant in downwind turbine installed in 2013 off featuring 7kW Step turbine (pictured). following year financed further tank Kabashima Island, Kyushu; Japan’s first 3. Planned deployment in early 2013 testing and prototype development. commercial-scale floating offshore wind off Karmøy on Norway’s west coast Ready to launch offshore prototype. facility. suspended after Sway’s bankruptcy. 3. Three distinct measures prevent heavy 3. Superseded 1:2-scale floating spar demo 4. Overall design, including patented response resulting from low mass installed in 2012 off Kabashima Island, tension-rod system supporting the tower- when exposed to severe wind and Kyushu, featuring Sabaru 100kW turbine. spar assembly, aimed at significantly wave events. Buoyancy element spread 5. Hitachi turbine installed in 2013 moved reducing steel requirement compared over wide area, which reduces pitching 10km south-west from Kabashima to to state-of-the-art competing floating accelerations. Fukuejima in 2016. designs. 4. Uses minimal water plane area (water 6. Announced plans in 2016 for 22MW surface displaced by buoyant elements). Goto City floating offshore wind farm Key characteristics Conical heave-plates for ‘wide grip’ on online by 2022 adjacent to existing Envisaged full-scale prototype with 5MW seawater deployed to add both mass turbine. AREVA Multibrid (Adwen AD 5-116) turbine and damping. modified and adapted for downwind Key characteristics operation. Continuous tower/foundation Key characteristics Likely pre-stressed concrete spar body with assembly anchored to the seabed uses TetraFloat lattice-type structure yaws bodily upper tubular steel transition piece section Sway’s patented single-leg anchor system over the water. Power transmitted through for turbine mounting. Coning main spar with passive subsea yaw swivel, and single central mooring point using rotating shape narrows towards the bottom with enabling the assembly to rotate around its transformer also mechanical stay. Low widest diameter perhaps around the water longitude axis for following wind direction structural mass due to favourable loading. line. Three-point steel chain mooring. changes. Downwind turbine configuration Donor turbine yaw system not required. allows for more tower tilt and a passive yaw Floater can be equipped with facility to swivel at the tower bottom eliminates need lower turbine using same structural frame for turbine yaw system. “at virtually zero added cost”.

PROJECT DEPLOYMENT PROJECT DEPLOYMENT PROJECT DEPLOYMENT Projects Projects Projects N/A N/A 22MW Goto City, Japan (nine units, 2022)

Turbine options Turbine options Turbine options AREVA Multibrid M5000 (Adwen AD Offshore HAWTs up to 10MW 22MW Goto City: 8 x Hitachi HWT2.1-80A, 5-116) 5MW 1 x Hitachi HWT5.2-127 Track record Track record None Track record 1 - scaled prototype 1 – 2MW Kabashima Island 2013/ Fukuejima 2016

VITAL STATISTICS VITAL STATISTICS VITAL STATISTICS Main dimensions N/A Main dimensions N/A Main dimensions Total spar length Max. water depth 55m-300m Max. water depth 30m-200m quoted 172m; hub height Max. wave height N/A Max. wave height N/A Max. water depth 96m Turbines per unit 1 Turbines per unit 1 Max. wave height N/A Prototype None Prototype None Turbines per unit N/A Introduction 2009 Introduction 2014 Prototype 1 Introduction October 2013 2009 or earlier 2O18 21 June 2018 53

Work shortages and tight contract rates creating perfect storm for all but largest jack-ups but multi-gigawatt construction pipelines should lift clouds post-2020, writes Stephen Dunne

nstallation vessel operators after installation , said expected to be deployed on are trying to ride out near- sources. both turbine and foundation Iterm choppy waters in the All four, along with installation duties starting offshore wind construction Seafox 5 and Swire Blue later this year in Europe. market in the hope they can Ocean sister vessels Pacific Dutch company Jumbo position themselves for plain Osprey and Pacific Orca, are Maritime has ordered a sailing through the post-2020 set for busy construction heavylift vessel that could pipeline. campaigns through to 2020. service the renewables The double whammy of There is the potential sector once it hits the short-term work shortages for opportunities in the waves in 2020.The Ulstein- and rock-bottom contract short-term in the shape of designed newbuild will have a rates for the few jobs up for sub-contracts from turnkey 2500-tonne lifting capacity, it grabs is causing headaches operators that need the extra is understood. for vessel companies across muscle to relieve packed Compatriot OOS Energy is the board. schedules. Operators are planning two jack-ups, one Many are struggling to keep otherwise looking to the of which is called Luctor et fleets busy as larger vessels future. Emergo and could start work and turnkey contractors Multi-gigawatt pipelines in the offshore wind sector in have taken most of the plum in the major European late 2020. installation jobs due to get markets of the UK, Germany In the US, New Orleans underway in the next few and the Netherlands mean marine designer AK Suda is years. construction know-how will be planning a new purpose-built Operations and in demand between 2020 to jack-up for the US offshore maintenance work is one 2025 and beyond. wind sector. The so-called avenue being explored by There is also new capacity JG10000 is due to be available some companies keen to put due to be built in Belgium, for charter in mid-2021. their vessels to work. France, Denmark and possibly US lifeboat management Although O&M prices in emerging markets such company All Coast will own are a fraction of those for as Poland and other Baltic and operate the Jones Act- installation jobs, keeping states. compliant vessel, which will be vessels in operation, even Vessel operators are, able to handle the latest class if only just breaking even, is however, grappling with of 8MW-plus turbines. preferred by many to laying the challenge of handling Boskalis crane vessel up, said sources. next-generation turbines and Bokalift 1 has meanwhile Several vessel operators larger foundations, which already made its debut. The are also offering their jack-ups are due to become the norm 216-metre ship is working for construction-support post-2020. under sub-contract to Van jobs, such as offshore Several executives said they Oord on a maiden foundation substation commissioning remain in the dark about how installation job at the 714MW and accommodation. the current fleet of jack-ups East Anglia 1 wind farm off Dayrates here are said will fare with 12MW-plus the UK. to have fallen by well over turbines as plans for the latter 50% compared with levels in remain largely under wraps. il and gas market vessel recent years. Extensive facelifts may be Ooperators are looking Other companies are required to handle the larger to make significant inroads in mulling jack-up missions to equipment. the offshore wind market. Asia and other emerging Many jack-ups have Italian company Saipem is markets while any upturn in already undergone upgrades, chasing balance of plant jobs oil and gas could also appear including beefed-up main in several markets on the attractive. cranes, to tackle the current back of installing substations Sources describe a two-tier fleet of 8MW-plus turbines for Orsted’s 1.2GW Hornsea 1 market where all but the and foundations but few wind farm off east England. largest jack-ups have mostly operators will place bets on The campaign is due to wrap blank diaries in the coming what the future holds. up this year. years. Meanwhile, several new Heerema Marine GeoSea installation vessel installation vessels are due to Contractors, another mainly Innovation, Jan De Nul’s Vole hit the market in the coming oil and gas player, is planning Au Vent, Van Oord jack-up years. Belgian contractor to deploy its Thialf and Aegir Aeolus and Seajacks Scylla GeoSea will shortly take delivery construction vessels more are among the most sought- of jack-up Apollo, which is regularly in offshore wind.n INSTALLATION VESSELS INSTALLATION 2O18 21 June 2018 54

AK Suda/All Coast VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard N/A JG10000 Year 2021 Design N/A Description Length N/A New Orleans marine designer AK Suda has started work on a new purpose-built Width N/A jack-up for the US offshore wind sector, which is due to be available for charter in mid- Draft N/A 2021. US lifeboat management company All Coast will own and operate the vessel. Gross tonnage N/A Deck area 3900m2 Capabilities Max load 11,500 tonnes 1) Turbine installation, including the latest 8MW class Max operating depth 55 metres 2) Foundation installation Main crane capacity 1800 tonnes Max speed N/A Deployment Accommodation 112 people To be delivered in 2021

Boskalis VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard N/A Asian Hercules 3 Year 2015 Design N/A Description Length 106.42 metres Floating sheerleg vessel with heavy-llift and foundation installation capability. Width 52 metres Draft 10 metres Capabilities Gross tonnage 16,805 tonnes 1) Turbine foundation installation Deck area N/A Max load 20 tonnes/m2 Max operating depth N/A Main crane capacity N/A Max speed 7 knots Accommodation 45 people

Boskalis VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Keppel , Bokalift 1 Singapore (Conversion) Year 2018 Description Design N/A Heavy-lift crane vessel that entered service earlier this year. The 216-metre vessel has a Length 216 metres lifting capacity of 3000 tonnes. Width 43 metres Draft 8.5 metres Capabilities Gross tonnage N/A 1) Jacket, monopile installation Deck area 6300m2 2) Turbine installation Max load 15,000 tonnes 3) Pin pile installation Max operating depth N/A Main crane capacity 3000 tonnes Deployment Max speed 12.5 knots 2018: Pin pile, jacket installation at 714MW East Anglia 1, UK Accommodation 150 people

Boskalis VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Keppel Nantong Giant 7 Shipyard Year 2015 Description Design N/A Multi-purpose barge with heavy-lift and installation capabilities. Length 137 metres Width 36 metres Capabilities Draft 8.5 metres 1) Pin pile installation Gross tonnage 18,661 tonnes Deck area N/A Max load N/A Max operating depth N/A Main crane capacity 600-1000 tonnes Max speed N/A Accommodation 73 people 2O18 21 June 2018 55

Boskalis VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard N/A Taklift 4 Year 1981 Design N/A Description Length 83.2 metres Floating sheerleg vessel with heavy-lift capabilities. Width 36.9 metres Draft 7 metres Capabilities Gross tonnage 5695 tonnes 1) Turbine jacket foundation installation Deck area N/A 2) Topside installation Max load N/A Max operating depth N/A Main crane capacity N/A Max speed N/A Accommodation 30+ people

Conquest Offshore VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Zwagerman, Vlissingen MB1 Year 2011 Design Zwagerman Description Length 136 metres Conquest MB1 has multiple applications in offshore wind. It features a novel Spacelift Width 36 metres MC35000 DLS crane. Draft 3-5 metres Gross tonnage 12,491 tonnes Capabilities Deck area 3400m2 1) Turbine foundation installation, including monopiles and jacket foundations Max load 20 tonne/m2 2) Turbine installation, including the latest 8MW class Max operating depth 500 metres Main crane capacity 1400 tonnes Max speed N/A Accommodation 60 people

Inspections Major component Integrated service Blade repair Advanced Decommissioning High voltage Marine exchange campaigns performance repowering and management co-ordination engineering life extension and repair and logistics 2O18 21 June 2018 56

Fred Olsen Windcarrier VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Lamprell, Dubai Bold Tern Year 2013 Design Gusto MSC Description Length 132 metres Offshore wind jack-up and installation vessel. Width 39 metres Draft 5.6 metres Capabilities Gross tonnage 19,200 tonnes 1) Turbine installation, including the latest 8MW-plus class Deck area 3200m2 2) Main component exchange Max load 7600 tonnes 3) Accommodation Max operating depth 60 metres 4) Decommissioning Main crane capacity 800 tonnes Max speed 12 knots Deployment Accommodation 80 people 2018: Installation of MHI Vestas 8.3MW turbines at 450MW Borkum Riffgrund 2, Germany

Fred Olsen Windcarrier VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Lamprell, Dubai Brave Tern Year 2012 Design Gusto MSC Description Length 132 metres Offshore wind jack-up and installation vessel. Width 39 metres Draft 5.6 metres Capabilities Gross tonnage 19,200 tonnes 1) Turbine installation, including the latest 8MW-plus class Deck area 3200m2 2) Main component exchange Max load 7600 tonnes 3) Accommodation Max operating depth 60 metres 4) Decommissioning Main crane capacity 800 tonnes Max speed 12 knots Deployment Accommodation 80 people 2018: Installation of Siemens Gamesa 7MW turbines at 609MW Hohe See/Albatros complex, Germany

GeoSea VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Uljanik, Croatia Apollo Year 2018 Design Gusto MSC Description Length 87.5 metres Apollo is a self-propelled jack-up due to enter service this year. It will feature Width 42 metres 106-metre leg lengths, 2000 square metres of deck space and a crane capacity of 800 Draft 8 metres tonnes. Gross tonnage 10400 tonnes Deck area 2000m2 Capabilities Max load 4500 tonnes 1) Turbine foundation installation, including monopiles and jacket foundations Max operating depth 65 metres 2) Turbine installation, including the latest 8MW class Main crane capacity 800 tonnes 3) Maintenance Max speed 9 knots Accommodation 150 people

GeoSea VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Cosco Nantong A2Sea Sea Challenger Shipyard, China Year 2014 Description Design Gusto MSC Sea Challenger can transport and install four of the latest class of 8MW turbines at a Length 133.26 metres time. The jack-up along with Danish company A2Sea was acquired by GeoSea last year. Width 39 metres Draft 5.8 metres Capabilities Gross tonnage 15,934 tonnes 1) Turbine foundation installation, including monopiles and jacket foundations Deck area 3350m2 2) Turbine installation, including the latest 8MW class Max load 7400 tonnes Max operating depth 55 metres Deployment Main crane capacity 900 tonnes 2018: Installation of transition pieces at 1.2GW Hornsea 1, UK. Installation of Siemens Max speed 12 knots Gamesa 6.45MW turbines at 385MW Arkona, Germany Accommodation 35 people 2019: Installation of Siemens Gamesa 7MW turbines at 714MW East Anglia 1, UK 2O18 21 June 2018 57

GeoSea VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Cosco Nantong A2Sea Sea Installer Shipyard, China Year 2014 Description Design Gusto MSC High-speed jack-up featuring a main crane with a 900-tonne lifting capacity. The jack- Length 132.4 metres up along with Danish company A2Sea was acquired by GeoSea last year. Width 39 metres Draft 5.8 metres Capabilities Gross tonnage 15,934 tonnes 1) Turbine foundation installation, including monopiles and jacket foundations Deck area 3350m2 2) Turbine installation, including the latest 8MW class Max load 7400 tonnes Max operating depth 55 metres Deployment Main crane capacity 900 tonnes 2018: Installation of Siemens Gamesa 7.3MW turbines at 309MW Rentel, Belgium Max speed 12 knots 2019: Installation of Siemens Gamesa 7MW turbines at 1.2GW Hornsea 1, UK Accommodation 35 people

GeoSea VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Iemants Goliath/Li Ya Year 2009 Design Gusto MSC Description Length 59.5 metres Offshore heavy-lift jack-up vessel now operating in the Chinese offshore wind market Width 32.2 metres and renamed as Li Ya. Draft 3.5 metres Gross tonnage 3634 tonnes Capabilities Deck area 1080m2 1) Turbine foundation installation, including monopiles and jacket foundations Max load 1400 tonnes 2) Turbine installation, including the latest 8MW class. Max operating depth 40 metres 3) Accommodation Main crane capacity 400 tonnes Max speed 4.5 knots Deployment Accommodation 52 people 2018: South China Sea

GeoSea VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Crist, Poland Innovation Year 2012 Design N/A Description Length 147.5 metres Innovation was designed and built for the offshore wind industry. It has a main crane Width 42 metres with a 1500-tonne lifting capacity and is capable of working year-round. The jack-up Draft 11 metres can install all foundation and turbine types, and is highly manoeuvrable. Gross tonnage 22,313 tonnes Deck area 3400m2 Capabilities Max load 8000 tonnes 1) Turbine foundation installation, including monopiles and jacket foundations Max operating depth 65 metres 2) Turbine installation, including the latest 8MW class. Main crane capacity 1500 tonnes 3) Decommissioning Max speed 8 knots Accommodation 100 people Deployment 2017: Installation of foundations and turbines at 400MW Merkur off Germany 2018: Installation of monopiles and transition pieces at 450MW Borkum Riffgrund 2 off Germany

GeoSea VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard IHC Offshore & Neptune Marine BV Year 2012 Description Design N/A Neptune is a jack-up with 2750 tonnes pre-load per leg capacity and equipped with a Length 60 metres tailor-made jetting system and main crane with a capacity of 600 tonnes. Width 38 metres Draft 7.1 metres Capabilities Gross tonnage 5125 tonnes 1) Turbine foundation installation, including monopiles and jacket foundations Deck area 2000m2 2) Turbine installation Max load 1600 tonnes 3) Decommissioning Max operating depth 45 metres 4) Nacelle, rotor replacement Main crane capacity 600 tonnes Max speed 7.5 knots Accommodation 60 people 2O18 21 June 2018 58

GeoSea VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Cosco, China Orion Year 2019 Design N/A Description Length 216.5 metres Orion is a DP3 installation vessel slated for 2019 delivery. The vessel will have a lifting Width 49 metres capacity of 5000 tonnes at more than 49 metres and will be capable of handling the Draft 11 metres largest turbines and foundations. It is also being lined up for the floating offshore wind Gross tonnage N/A installation market. The vessel is being built by Cosco in China. Deck area 8000m2 Max load 30,000 tonnes Capabilities Max operating depth 300 metres 1) Turbine foundation installation, including monopiles and jacket foundations Main crane capacity 5000 tonnes 2) Turbine installation, including the latest 8MW class and next generation hardware Max speed N/A 3) Decommissioning Accommodation 131 people, option to extend to 239 Deployment 2019: Due for delivery

GeoSea VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Crist, Poland Thor Year 2010 Design Hochtief/Overdick Description Length 70 metres Thor is a self-propelled jack-up with a maximum payload of 2700 tonnes and a fixed Width 40 metres crane with a lifting capacity of 400 tonnes at 20 metres. Draft 6 metres Gross tonnage 6831 tonnes Deck area 1850m2 Capabilities Max load 2700 tonnes 1) Transition piece installation Max operating depth N/A 2) Major component maintenance and exchange Main crane capacity 500 tonnes 3) Accommodation Max speed 5.3 knots Accommodation 56 people

Gulf Marine Services VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard GMS, Abu Dhabi GMS Endeavour Year 2010 Design Gusto MSC Description Length 61 metres The GustoMSC-designed jack-up uses dynamic positioning for jacking operations and Width 36 metres can be deployed in waters up to 60 metres deep. Draft 6 metres Gross tonnage N/A Capabilities Deck area 900m2 1) Transition piece installation Max load N/A 2) Turbine installation Max operating depth 60 metres 3) Accommodation Main crane capacity 300 tonnes Max speed 8 knots Deployment Accommodation 150 people 2018: Accommodation at 1.2GW Hornsea 1, UK 2019: Accommodation at 1.2GW Hornsea 1, UK

Gulf Marine Services VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard GMS, Abu Dhabi GMS Endurance Year 2010 Design Gusto MSC Description Length 61 metres Sister vessel to GMS Endeavour, GMS Endurance is a multi-purpose jack-up that can Width 36 metres also work in water depths of up to 60 metres.. Draft 6 metres Gross tonnage N/A Capabilities Deck area 900m2 1) Transition piece installation Max load N/A 2) Turbine installation Max operating depth 60 metres 3) Accommodation Main crane capacity 300 tonnes Max speed 8 knots Accommodation 150 people 2O18 21 June 2018 59

Gulf Marine Services VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard GMS, Abu Dhabi GMS Enterprise Year 2013 Design Gusto MSC Description Length 83 metres GMS Enterprise is a self-propelled, self-elevating accommodation jack-up barge for up Width 36 metres to 150 persons operating in water depths of up to 80 metres. Draft 6 metres Gross tonnage N/A Capabilities Deck area N/A 1) Turbine installation Max load 1600 tonnes 2) Accommodation Max operating depth 80 metres Main crane capacity 400 tonnes Max speed 8 knots Accommodation 150 people

Gulf Marine Services VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard GMS, Abu Dhabi GMS Evolution Year 2016 Design Gusto MSC Description Length 61 metres GMS Evolution is a self-propelled, self-elevating accommodation jack-up barge. The Width 36 metres vessel measures 61 metres long and can operate in water depths of up to 80 metres. Draft 6 metres Gross tonnage N/A Capabilities Deck area 900m2 1) Accommodation Max load 1700 tonnes Max operating depth 80 metres Deployment Main crane capacity 400 tonnes 2018: Accommodation at 1.2GW Hornsea 1, UK Max speed 8 knots 2019: Accommodation at 1.2GW Hornsea 1, UK Accommodation 150 people

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We specialise in: Substations - from PC to EPCI contracts www.ode-ltd.co.uk Foundations [email protected] - from Monopile to Jacket Foundations www.bladt.dk 2O18 21 June 2018 60

GustoMSC VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard N/A NG-20000X Year N/A Design GustoMSC Description Length 152 metres Billed as the largest self-propelled jack-up design in the market, the NG-20000X is Width 58 metres intended to tackle high-end installation of large components. The vessel can operate Draft 12 metres in water depths of up to 70 metres and will carry a main crane that can lift up to 2500 Gross tonnage N/A tonnes. Deck area 5600m2 Max load N/A Capabilities Max operating depth 70 metres 1) Turbine foundation installation, including monopiles and jacket foundations Main crane capacity 2500 tonnes 2) Turbine installation Max speed 11 knots Accommodation 130 people

GustoMSC VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard N/A NG-9800-US Year N/A Design GustoMSC Description Length 127.8 metres A jack-up designed especially for the US market suitable for building at several Width 42 metres shipyards in the country to be Jones Act-compliant. Capable of entering the Draft 10 metres Massachusetts port of New Bedford for possible future construction jobs. Gross tonnage N/A Deck area 3450m2 Capabilities Max load N/A 1) Turbine foundation installation, including monopiles and jacket foundations Max operating depth 50 metres 2) Turbine installation, including the latest 8MW class Main crane capacity 1500 tonnes Max speed 11 knots Accommodation 80 people

Heerema Marine Contractors VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard N/A Aegir Year 2013 Design Ulstein Description Length 210 metres Deepwater construction vessel Aegir hit the waves in September 2013. Width 46.2 metres Features two knuckle boom cranes that give an overall lifting capacity Draft 11 metres of 4000 tonnes. Gross tonnage N/A Deck area N/A Capabilities Max load N/A 1) Turbine foundation installation Max operating depth N/A Main crane capacity 4000 tonnes Deployment Max speed N/A 2018: Turbine foundation installation at 93.2MW Aberdeen Bay, Accommodation 305 people Scotland

Heerema Marine Contractors VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard N/A Thialf Year 1985 Design N/A Description Length 201.6 metres Construction vessel with lifting capacity of 14,200 tonnes. Width 88.4 metres Draft 31.6 metres Capabilities Gross tonnage 136,709 tonnes 1) Turbine, substation foundation installation Deck area N/A 2) Turbine installation Max load 12,000 tonnes Max operating depth N/A Deployment Main crane capacity 14,200 tonnes 2018: Installation of substation topside at 450MW Borkum Riffgrund 2, Max speed 6 knots Germany. Installation of substation at 497MW Hohe See, Germany. Accommodation 736 people 2O18 21 June 2018 61

Jack-Up Barge Photo: Flying Focus VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Labroy Marine, JB-114 Singapore Year 2009 Description Design GustoMSC Self-propelled jack-up featuring a pedestal-mounted 300-tonne crane and helideck. Length 55.5 metres Width 32.2 metres Capabilities Draft 5 metres 1) Turbine foundation installation Gross tonnage N/A 2) Turbine installation Deck area 1000m2 Max load 1250 tonnes Max operating depth 40 metres Main crane capacity 300 tonnes Max speed N/A Accommodation 64 people (option for 160)

Jack-Up Barge VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Labroy Marine, JB-115 Singapore Year 2009 Description Design GustoMSC Self-propelled jack-up operational since 2009 and designed by GustoMSC. Length 55.5 metres Width 32.2 metres Capabilities Draft 5 metres 1) Turbine foundation installation Gross tonnage N/A 2) Turbine installation Deck area 1000m2 Max load 1250 tonnes Max operating depth 40 metres Main crane capacity 300 tonnes Max speed N/A Accommodation 64 people (option for 160)

Jack-Up Barge VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Labroy Marine, JB-117 Singapore Year 2011 Description Design GustoMSC JB-117 is a self-elevating unit with a leg length of 80 metres, maximum payload of 2000 Length 75.9 metres tonnes and crane capacity of 1000 tonnes. Width 40 metres Draft 6 metres Capabilities Gross tonnage N/A 1) Turbine installation Deck area 2500m2 2) Accommodation Max load 2000 tonnes Max operating depth N/A Main crane capacity 1000 tonnes Max speed N/A Accommodation 64 people (option for 250)

Jack-Up Barge VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard CMHI, China JB-118 Year 2013 Design GustoMSC Description Length 75.9 metres JB-118 is a self-elevating with leg length is 90 metres, maximum payload of 2000 Width 40 metres tonnes and crane capacity of 1000 tonnes. Draft 6 metres Gross tonnage N/A Capabilities Deck area 2500m2 1) Turbine installation Max load 2000 tonnes 2) Accommodation Max operating depth N/A Main crane capacity 1000 tonnes Max speed N/A Accommodation 64 people (option for 250) 2O18 21 June 2018 62

Jan De Nul VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Crist Shipyard, Gdynia Vole au Vent Year 2013 Design N/A Description Length 140.4 metres Jack-up Vole Au Vent is specifically built to install offshore wind farms in water depths Width 41 metres up to 50 metres. It features a large cargo deck space and a lifting capacity of up to 1500 Draft 9.5 metres tonnes. Gross tonnage N/A Deck area 3400m2 Capabilities Max load 6500 tonnes 1) Turbine foundation installation, including monopiles and jacket foundations Max operating depth 50 metres 2) Turbine installation, including the latest 8MW class Main crane capacity 1500 tonnes Max speed 12 knots Deployment Accommodation 90 people 2018: Installation of monopiles and transition pieces at 450MW Borkum Riffgrund 2, Germany 2019: Installation of Senvion 6.3MW turbines at 203MW Borkum West 2.2, Germany

Jumbo Maritime VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Damen, Galati Jumbo Fairplayer Year 2008 Design N/A Description Length 144.1 metres Jumbo Fairplayer is a 144.1-metre multi-functional heavy-lift crane vessel that can Width 26.7 metres reach speeds of 17 knots and offers a pair of cranes with 900-tonne lifting capacity. Draft 14.1 metres Gross tonnage 15,027 tonnes Capabilities Deck area 3100m2 1) Installation of transition pieces Max load N/A Max operating depth N/A Main crane capacity 1000 tonnes Max speed 17 knots Accommodation 80 people

Jumbo Maritime VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Damen, Galati Jumbo Javelin Year 2004 Design N/A Description Length 144.1 metres Jumbo Javelin is a 144.1-metre multi-functional heavy-lift crane vessel that can reach Width 26.7 metres speeds of 17 knots and offers a pair of cranes with 900-tonne lifting capacities. Draft 14.1 metres Gross tonnage 15,022 tonnes Capabilities Deck area 3100m2 1) Installation of transition pieces Max load N/A Max operating depth N/A Main crane capacity 1000 tonnes Max speed 17 knots Accommodation 80 people

Jumbo Maritime VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard N/A Stella Synergy Year 2020 Design Ulstein Description Length 185 metres The heavy-lift crane vessel is due to enter service in 2020 and will be available for work Width 36 metres in the offshore wind industry. It will feature a 2500-tonne capacity main crane and will Draft N/A be powered by duel fuel engines. Gross tonnage N/A Deck area N/A Capabilities Max load N/A 1) TBC Max operating depth N/A Main crane capacity 2500 tonnes Deployment Max speed N/A 2020: Delivery Accommodation N/A 2O18 21 June 2018 63

MPI VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Cosco Nantong MPI Adventure Shipyard, China Year 2011 Description Design GustoMSC MPI Adventure is designed to transport, lift, install and decommission components Length 138.55 metres such as foundations, wind turbines, met masts and transformer stations. Width 40.8 metres Draft 5.22 metres Capabilities Gross tonnage 19,533 tonnes 1) Turbine foundation installation Deck area 3600m2 2) Turbine installation Max load 6000 tonnes 3) Met mast installation Max operating depth 40 metres 4) Offshore substation installation Main crane capacity 1000 tonnes 5) Decommissioning Max speed 12.5 knots Accommodation 112 people

MPI VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Cosco Nantong MPI Discovery Shipyard, China Year 2011 Description Design GustoMSC MPI Discovery is designed to transport, lift, install and decommission components such Length 138.55 metres as foundations, wind turbines, met masts and transformer stations. Width 40.8 metres Draft 5.22 metres Capabilities Gross tonnage 19,533 tonnes 1) Turbine foundation installation Deck area 3600m2 2) Turbine installation Max load 6000 tonnes 3) Met mast installation Max operating depth 40 metres 4) Offshore substation installation Main crane capacity 1000 tonnes 5) Decommissioning Max speed 12.5 knots Accommodation 112 people

MPI VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Daewoo Shipbuilding MPI Enterprise and Marine Engineering, South Korea Description Year 2011 The MPI Enterprise jack-up is the latest addition to the company’s turbine installation Design N/A fleet. The vessel was fitted with new spudcans earlier this year, which will increase the Length 100 metres load-bearing area and reduce leg penetration. Width 40.2 metres Draft 5 metres Capabilities Gross tonnage 11,730 tonnes 1) Turbine foundation installation Deck area 2850m2 2) Turbine installation Max load 4500 tonnes 3) Met mast installation Max operating depth 45 metres 4) Offshore substation installation Main crane capacity 1000 tonnes 5) Decommissioning Max speed 7.5 knots Accommodation 60 people Deployment 2018: O&M, repairs Adwen turbines, Germany

MPI VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Shanhaiguan Shipyard, MPI Resolution China Year 2003 Description Design N/A MPI Resolution was the first purpose-built offshore wind installation vessel. The jack- Length 130 metres up has been upgraded a number of times for continuing work in the sector. Width 38 metres Draft N/A Capabilities Gross tonnage 14,310 tonnes 1) Turbine installation Deck area 3200m2 2) Component exchange Max load 4000 tonnes 3) Decommissioning Max operating depth 31.75 metres Main crane capacity 600 tonnes Max speed 11 knots Accommodation 70 people 2O18 21 June 2018 64

Ocean Breeze Energy VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Western Shipbuilding, Wind Lift 1 Lithuania Year 2010 Description Design Gusto MSC Self-propelled jack-up designed by GustoMSC with high sailing speeds and dynamic Length 93 metres positioning capabilities. The vessel is currently under technical management by Width 36 metres Bremen’s Harren & Partner. Draft 7.4 metres Gross tonnage N/A Capabilities Deck area 2000m2 1) Turbine foundation installation, including monopiles and jacket foundations Max load N/A 2) Turbine installation Max operating depth 45 metres Main crane capacity 500 tonnes Max speed 8 knots Accommodation 50 people

OOS Energy VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard N/A Luctor et Emergo Year 2021-22 Design N/A Description Length N/A Dutch company OOS Energy is planning to build two new jack-ups, the first of which Width N/A will be called Luctor et Emergo and is due to be delivered in late 2020. The vessels can Draft N/A be deployed for offshore wind installation work. Gross tonnage N/A Deck area N/A Capabilities Max load N/A TBC Max operating depth 80 metres Main crane capacity 1200 tonnes Deployment Max speed N/A To be delivered 2020-21 Accommodation N/A

Saipem VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard N/A S7000 Year 1986 Design N/A Description Length 197.97 metres Crane vessel S7000 is in the vanguard of the Italian company’s push into offshore wind Width N/A installation work. It is being heavily touted for 12MW-plus turbine installation jobs. Draft 27.5 metres Gross tonnage N/A Capabilities Deck area 9000m2 1) Turbine installation Max load 15,000 tonnes 2) Jacket foundation installation Max operating depth N/A Main crane capacity 14,000 tonnes Deployment Max speed 9.5 knots 2018: Installation of substation jacket foundations and topsides for 1.2GW Accommodation 725 people Hornsea 1, UK

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Sal Offshore VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Sietas, MV Lone Year 2011 Design N/A Description Length 160.5 metres Sal Heavy Lift worked with Pella Sietas Shipbuilding in Hamburg to deliver MV Lone, Width 27.5 metres which features a pair of portside cranes each with a 1000-tonne lifting capacity. Draft 9 metres Gross tonnage 15,199 tonnes Capabilities Deck area 3332m2 1) Transport and installation of piles, mooring chains, subsea structures Max load N/A 2) Transport and installation of small turbine jackets Max operating depth N/A 3) Transport and installation of small offshore platforms and jackets Main crane capacity 2000 tonnes 4) Transport and installation of transition pieces Max speed 20 knots 5) Transport of wind turbines, monopiles and other components Accommodation 100 people

Scaldis VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard IHC Offshore & Marine Gulliver Year 2017 Design Vuyk Engineering Description Length 108 metres Self-propelled heavy-lift vessel Gulliver is equipped with two 2000-tonne cranes that can Width 49 metres skid up to 25 metres along the deck to aid transport and relocation of cargo. A DP2 system Draft 8 metres means installation can be handled without the use of anchors. Gross tonnage 15,451 tonnes Deck area 1300m2 Capabilities Max load 4000 tonnes 1) Transport and installation of gravity base structures, monopiles and jacket foundations Max operating depth N/A 2) Transport and installation of topsides Main crane capacity 4000 tonnes 3) Transport and installation of current turbines Max speed 7.5 knots 4) Piling and grouting works Accommodation 78 people

Deployment 2018: Substation installation at 370MW Norther, Belgium

Scaldis VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Huisman-Itrec, Rambiz Schiedam Year 2000 Description Design Vuyk Engineering Multi-purpose heavy-lift vessel Rambiz has a lifting capacity of 3300 tonnes. It features a Length 85 metres shallow draft, considerable deck space and large accommodation facilities and is able to Width 44 metres operate in hard-to-reach locations. Draft 5.6 metres Gross tonnage 7547 tonnes Capabilities Deck area 1300m2 1) Transport and installation of gravity base structures, monopiles and jacket foundations Max load 3300 tonnes 2) Transport and installation of topsides Max operating depth N/A 3) Transport and installation of current turbines Main crane capacity 3300 tonnes 4) Piling and grouting works Max speed 7 knots (towed) Accommodation 75 people

Seafox Photo: Merkur VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Keppel Fels, Singapore Seafox 5 Year 2012 Design N/A Description Length 115 metres Seafox 5 is a self-propelled jack-up installation vessel that can be deployed for Width 50 metres accommodation, construction and maintenance jobs. It can operate in water depths of Draft 5.2 metres 65 metres and has a main crane capacity of 1200 tonnes. Gross tonnage 19,697 tonnes Deck area 3750m2 Capabilities Max load 7000 tonnes 1) Turbine foundation installation Max operating depth 65 metres 2) Turbine installation, including the latest 8MW class Main crane capacity 1200 tonnes 3) Accommodation Max speed 10 knots Accommodation 150 people Deployment 2018: Installation of GE 6MW turbines at 396MW Merkur, Germany 2019: Installation of Siemens Gamesa 7MW turbines at 609MW Hohe See/Albatros, Germany 2O18 21 June 2018 66

Seajacks VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Lamprell, Dubai Seajacks Hydra Year 2014 Design Gusto MSC Description Length 79.2 metres Seajacks Hydra built by Lamprell in Dubai is a self-propelled jack-up. Hydra is a Width 36 metres modified version of GustoMSC’s NG2500X design. Draft 6.75 metres Gross tonnage 5146 tonnes Capabilities Deck area 900m2 1) Turbine installation Max load N/A Max operating depth 48 metres Deployment Main crane capacity 400 tonnes 2018: Construction support at 588MW Beatrice, Scotland Max speed 8 knots Accommodation 100 people

Seajacks VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Lamprell, Dubai Seajacks Kraken Year 2009 Design GustoMSC Description Length 80 metres Seajacks Kraken is a self-propelled jack-up vessel equipped with DP2 capability Width 36 metres allowing for fast, safe and cost-efficient transit and positioning between locations. Draft 6.75 metres Gross tonnage 5146 tonnes Capabilities Deck area 900m2 1) Turbine installation Max load N/A 2) Wind farm maintenance Max operating depth 48 metres 3) Commissioning support Main crane capacity 200 tonnes 4) Offshore substation hook-up Max speed 8 knots Accommodation 90 people Deployment 2018: Construction support at 588MW Beatrice, Scotland

Seajacks VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Lamprell, Dubai Seajacks Leviathan Year 2009 Design GustoMSC Description Length 80 metres Seajacks Leviathan is a multi-purpose jack-up with foundation and turbine installation Width 36 metres capabilities. The vessel can also serve as accommodation support and can undertake Draft 6.75 metres maintenance. Gross tonnage 5146 tonnes Deck area 900m2 Capabilities Max load N/A 1) Turbine installation Max operating depth 48 metres 2) Transition piece installation Main crane capacity 300 tonnes 3) Wind farm maintenance Max speed 8 knots 4) Accommodation Accommodation 90 people

Seajacks VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Samsung Heavy Seajacks Scylla Industries, South Korea Year 2016 Description Design Gusto MSC Seajacks Scylla features a 1500-tonne leg-encircling crane, deck space of 4600m2 and Length 139 metres up to 8000-tonne variable load capacity. She can sail at speeds of up to 12 knots and Width 50 metres features 105-metre long legs for water depths of up to 65 metres. Draft 7.8 metres Gross tonnage 25,000 tonnes Capabilities Deck area 4600m2 1) Turbine installation, including the latest 8-9MW class Max load N/A 2) Jacket and monopile foundation installation Max operating depth 65 metres Main crane capacity 1500 tonnes Deployment Max speed 12 knots 2018: Installation of jacket foundations at 714MW East Anglia 1, UK Accommodation 130 people 2O18 21 June 2018 67

Seajacks VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Lamprell, UAE Seajacks Zaratan Year 2012 Design GustoMSC Description Length 108.7 metres Seajacks Zaratan is designed specifically to support offshore wind farm installation. Width 41 metres Draft 5.3 metres Capabilities Gross tonnage N/A 1) Turbine installation Deck area 2000m2 2) Foundation installation Max load N/A 3) Transition piece installation Max operating depth 55 metres Main crane capacity 800 tonnes Deployment Max speed 9.1 knots 2019: Installation of Siemens Gamesa 6MW turbines at 120MW Formosa 1 phase 2, Accommodation 90 people Taiwan

Seaway Heavy Lifting VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard IHC Oleg Strashnov Year 2011 Design N/A Description Length 183 metres A DP3 crane vessel featuring a unique and patented hull shape, Oleg Strashnov can lift Width 47 metres 5000 tonnes to heights of approximately 100 metres from its main hook. Draft 13.8 metres Gross tonnage N/A Capabilities Deck area 4000m2 1) Turbine foundation installation and transportation, including monopiles and jacket Max load 8500 tonnes foundations Max operating depth N/A 2) Installation and transportation of substations Main crane capacity 5000 tonnes Max speed 12 knots Deployment Accommodation 220 people 2018: Installation of jacket foundations at 588MW Beatrice, Scotland

Seaway Heavy Lifting VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Wartsila, Finland Stanislav Yudin Year 1985 Design N/A Description Length 183 metres The heavy-lift vessel features a revolving crane with a lifting capacity of 2500 tonnes Width 36 metres and can lift heights of 75 metres at max lifting capacity from its main hook. Stanislav Draft 8.9 metres Yudin also features a 660-tonne auxiliary crane. Gross tonnage N/A Deck area 2500m2 Capabilities Max load 5000 tonnes 1) Turbine foundation installation and transportation, including monopiles and jacket Max operating depth N/A foundations Main crane capacity 2500 tonnes 2) Installation and transportation of substations Max speed 9 knots Accommodation 150 people Deployment 2018: Installation of monopiles and transition pieces at 203MW Borkum West 2.2, Germany

Swire Blue Ocean VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Samsung Heavy Pacific Orca Industries, South Korea Year 2012 Description Design N/A Pacific Orca jack-up built by Samsung Heavy Industries is capable of installation jacket Length 160.9 metres foundations, monopiles and the latest class of wind turbines. The vessel has been Width 49 metres given some upgrades this year, including hull strengthening. Draft 6 metres Gross tonnage 8400 tonnes Capabilities Deck area 4300m2 1) Turbine foundation installation, including monopiles and jacket foundations Max load 6500 tonnes 2) Turbine installation, including the latest 8MW class Max operating depth 60 metres Main crane capacity 1200 tonnes Deployment Max speed 13 knots 2018: Installation of Siemens Gamesa 7MW turbines at 588MW Beatrice, Scotland Accommodation 111 people 2O18 21 June 2018 68

Swire Blue Ocean VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Samsung Heavy Pacific Osprey Industries Year 2013 Description Design N/A Sister vessel to Pacific Orca. Osprey was fitted with a beefed-up main crane this year Length 160.9 metres that increased lifting capacity to 1450 tonnes from 1200 tonnes. Width 49 metres Draft 6 metres Capabilities Gross tonnage 8400 tonnes 1) Turbine foundation installation, including monopiles and jacket foundations Deck area 4300m2 2) Turbine installation, including the latest 8MW class. Max load 6500 tonnes Max operating depth 60 metres Deployment Main crane capacity 1450 tonnes 2018: Installation of monopiles, transition pieces at 609MW Hohe See/Albatross, Max speed 13 knots Germany Accommodation 111 people

Van Oord VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard Sietas, Hamburg Aeolus Year 2014 Design N/A Description Length 139.4 metres 139.4-metre jack-up purpose-built for installation of offshore wind turbines and Width 44.46 metres foundations. This year Aeolus was fitted with new spudcans and was given an Draft 9.12 metres additional six metres of deck space as part of upgrades, which also included a new Gross tonnage 16,700 tonnes main crane that has increased lifting capacity from 900 tonnes to 1600 tonnes. Deck area 3300m2 Max load N/A Capabilities Max operating depth 45 metres 1) Turbine foundation installation Main crane capacity 1600 tonnes 2) Turbine installation, including the latest 8MW class Max speed 12.6 knots Accommodation 74 people Deployment 2018: Installation of monopiles at 370MW Norther, Belgium. Installation of monopiles at 252MW DeBu, Germany 2019: Installation of MHI Vestas 8.4MW turbines at 370MW Norther, Belgium. Installation of MHI Vestas 8.4MW turbines at 252MW DeBu, Germany

Van Oord VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard N/A Svanen Year 1990 Design N/A Description Length 102.75 metres Crane vessel used for foundation installation in the offshore wind industry having Width 74.60 metres completed its first job in the sector at Dong’s 258MW Burbo Bank 2 project in the Irish Draft 6 metres Sea in 2016. Gross tonnage 14,035 tonnes Deck area N/A Capabilities Max load N/A 1) Turbine foundation installation Max operating depth N/A Main crane capacity 8700 tonnes Max speed 7 knots Accommodation N/A

ZPMC VITAL STATISTICS Builder/ship yard N/A Longyuan Zhenhua Year 2013 Design N/A Description Length N/A ZPMC operates a at least three jack-ups named Longyuan Zhenhua that serve the Width N/A Chinese offshore wind market. It is also planning a fourth vessel, which will feature a Draft N/A 2500-tonne lifting capacity. Gross tonnage N/A Deck area N/A Capabilities Max load N/A 1) Turbine foundation installation Max operating depth 30 metres 2) Substation foundation and topside installation Main crane capacity 800 tonnes 3) Turbine installation Max speed N/A Accommodation N/A 2O18 21 June 2018 69 CABLE-LAY VESSELS Export and array cable installation contracts in the European market will be hotly contested by the existing fleet and new state-of-the-art vessels while O&M is offering additional revenue streams, writes Patrick Browne

able-lay vessel Hornsea 1 wind farm off the UK space to accommodate out of their older vessels by offshore cable installation and operators are fighting east coast. the equipment required to mining the increasingly rich subsea market is expected Cit out to land plum Nexans of France has support the latest generation seam of cable O&M. over the next year as installation contracts at begun work on its latest of ROVs used for cutting and Installed cables face developers increasingly look upcoming wind projects in offering at the Uljanik jetting operations,” said Ian numerous legacy issues, for turnkey support. Europe while the growing shipyard in Croatia. The Douglas, chief executive of representing a potent Engineering, procurement, operations and maintenance vessel, yet to be named, is UK-based cable installation opportunity for vessel installation and construction market is increasingly seen scheduled to commence outfit Global Marine. operators. contracts require companies as a battleground where operations in late 2020. Recently built and under- “Installers are looking to with large balance sheets, valuable spoils are at stake. Norwegian shipbuilder construction vessels tend to strike cable O&M framework diverse fleets and substantial The largest pre-2021 Vard has meanwhile started feature twin cable baskets. agreements with wind in-house project expertise. export and array installation fabricating a new deep- A double carousel will place farm operators as a way This has forced installation contracts up for grabs are for water installation vessel for operators in pole position to of making the most of any companies into the market to campaigns in German, Dutch Prysmian, which the Italian land jobs installing the twin spare capacity in their fleet,” acquire new assets and beef and Belgian waters. company hopes to use for single-core HVDC cables, Douglas added. up offerings. Farther down the line, campaigns from late 2020. which are tipped to feature at Operators will also likely In the last 12 months competition is likely to be Danish wire manufacturer some future offshore projects. dispatch ageing assets to Global Marine has acquired fierce as several state-of-the- NKT added cable-lay vessel “The efficiency and speed at the US and Asia for future Fugro’s cable-lay assets while art installation vessels are due Victoria to its stable last year. which state-of-the-art vessels installation contracts. Subsea 7 swooped for array to enter the market over the The ship will install NKT-made can install means they can Projects in emerging cable specialist Siem Offshore next few years. export lines for Innogy’s stay competitive amid the markets tend to be in Contractors. The first to arrive will be 860MW Triton Knoll and for downward price pressure shallower waters and cover Companies with ambitions DEME subsidiary Tideway’s the EDPR-led 950MW Moray 1, from the push towards smaller areas than future to offer full-scope contracts Living Stone, which is widely both in the UK. zero-subsidy projects,” said work in Europe, offering a are also looking to add tipped for a debut installation “Top-end vessels need Douglas. suitable swansong for some seabed preparation, ROV gig later this year on export to be able to carry huge Marine contractors are also vessels. specialists and survey nous to cables at Orsted’s 1.2GW payloads and have the deck looking to squeeze the most Further consolidation in the their stables, sources said. n

Boskalis VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard Samsung C&T Ndeavor corporation ZPMC/Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries Description Year 2013 DP2 cable installation vessel, identical to sister ship Ndurance. Designer Boskalis Deadweight 99 metres Capabilities Length 30 metres 1) Installation of array and export cables Width 4.7 metres 2) Beaching and trenching Draft 7500 tonnes DWT turntable capacity 2000 tonnes Current deployment Max speed 11.5 knots Array cable installation at 93.2MW Aberdeen Bay, Scotland Accommodation 98 crew 2O18 21 June 2018 70

Boskalis VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard Samsung C&T Ndurance corporation ZPMC/Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries Description Year 2013 DP2 cable installation vessel, identical to sister ship Ndeavour. Designer Boskalis Deadweight 99 metres Capabilities Length 30 metres 1) Installation of array and export cables Width 4.7 metres 2) Beaching and trenching Draft 7500 tonnes DWT turntable capacity 2000 tonnes Current deployment Max speed 11.5 knots Installation of near-shore export cables for 1.2GW Hornsea 1, UK Accommodation 98 crew

Boskalis VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard Taizhou XingGang Stemat Spirit Shipbuilding, China Year 2010 Description Designer N/A DP2 cable installation vessel designed for shallow-water operations. Deadweight 90 metres Length 28 metres Capabilities Width 4.7 metres 1) Installation of array and export cables Draft 6209 tonnes DWT turntable capacity 4400 tonnes Current deployment Max speed 9 knots Installation of array cables at 385MW Arkona, Germany Accommodation 60 crew

DeepOcean VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard Kleven Verft Edda Freya Year 2016 Designer Østensjø Rederi Description Deadweight 149.8 m A multi-purpose offshore construction vessel equipped with a below-deck cable Length 27 metres carousel. Width 8.5 m Draft N/A Capabilities DWT turntable capacity 3000 tonnes 1) Array cable installation Max speed 15.5 knots 2) Cable burial with ROV Accommodation 140 crew

Current deployment Installation of array cables at 1.2GW Hornsea 1, UK

DeepOcean VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard Damen Galati Maersk Connector Year 2016 Designer N/A Description Deadweight 138 metres Cable installation vessel featuring dual-basket cable carousel. Length 27.5 metres Width 6.25 metres Capabilities Draft 9300 tonnes 1) Installation, trenching and burial of export cables DWT turntable capacity 7000 tonnes 2) Grounding capability Max speed 11.7 knots Accommodation 90 crew Current deployment Installation of export cables for 714MW East Anglia 1, UK 2O18 21 June 2018 71

Global Marine VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard Volkswerft Stralsund, CS Recorder Germany Year 2000 Description Designer N/A Cable installation vessel capable of working in deepwater locations. Deadweight 105.80 metres Length 20.00 metres Capabilities Width 9.10 metres 1) Installation of array and export cables Draft 6292 tonnes 2) Simultaneous lay and burial DWT turntable capacity 2 x 2600-tonne carousels Current deployment Max speed 14 knots N/A Accommodation 68 crew

Global Marine VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard Bergen Mekaniske Global Symphony Verksted Year 2011 Description Designer N/A A purpose-built inspection, maintenance and repair vessel that can install cables. Deadweight 130.2 metres Length 24 metres Capabilities Width 7.5 metres 1) Array cable installation and burial Draft 11324 tonnes 2) Survey and construction support DWT turntable capacity 1200 tonnes Max speed 16 knots Current deployment Accommodation 140 crew Installation of array cables at 396MW Merkur, Germany

Global Marine VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard Labroy Shipbuilding & Networker Engineering PTE LTD, Indonesia Year 1999 Description Designer 60 metres Purpose-built barge specifically designed to operate in shallow waters. Deadweight 20.5 metres Length 2.63 metres Capabilities Width N/A 1) Array and export cable installation Draft 2063 tonnes DWT turntable capacity 375 tonnes Current deployment Max speed 6 knots N/A Accommodation 45 crew, option to add 16 extra berths

Jan De Nul VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard Uljanik Brodogradiliste Adhemar de Saint-Venant Year 2015 Designer N/A Description Deadweight 95 metres Multi-purpose vessel that can tackle cable installation operations. Length 22 metres Width 6.5 metres Capabilities Draft 6200 tonnes 1) Installation of export and array cables DWT turntable capacity 4000 tonnes 2) Cable burial via ROV Max speed 11.5 knots Accommodation 60 crew Current deployment N/A 2O18 21 June 2018 72

Jan De Nul VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard Uljanik Brodogradiliste Isaac Newton Year 2015 Designer N/A Description Deadweight 138 metres DP2 cable-lay vessel equipped with two cable baskets and a helideck. Length 32 metres Width 7 metres Capabilities Draft N/A 1) Installation of export and array cables DWT turntable capacity 5000 tonnes, 2) Trenching and rock placement 7400 tonnes Max speed 12.5 knots Current deployment Accommodation 75 crew N/A

Jan De Nul VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard STX Willem de Vlamingh Year 2011 Designer N/A Description Deadweight 118 metres A multi-purpose vessel that can also tackle cable-lay operations. Length 23 metres Width 5.3 metres Capabilities Draft 6500 tonnes 1) Installation of export and array cables DWT turntable capacity 5400 tonnes 2) Trenching and rock placement Max speed 13 knots Accommodation 60 crew Current deployment Installation of DolWin3 link between 396MW Merkur and 450MW Borkum Riffgrund 2, Germany

Nexans VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard E Ogrey Mek Verksted in Skagerrak Farsund Year 1976 Description Designer N/A Purpose-built ship for the transport and installation of submarine power cables. Deadweight 9373 tonnes Length 118.25 metres Capabilities Width 32.15 metres 1) Installation of export cables Draft 5.40 m 2) Cable burial DWT turntable capacity 7000 tonnes Max speed 10 knots Current deployment Accommodation 60 crew Installation of export cables for 588MW Beatrice, Scotland

NKT VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard Kleven, Norway Victoria Year 2017 Designer SALT Shipdesign Description Deadweight 140 metres Fuel-efficient DP3 vessel capable of simultaneous power and fibre optic cable-laying Length 29.6 metres and deep-sea operations. Width 7.2 metres Draft 12,700 tonnes Capabilities DWT turntable capacity 7000 tonnes, 1) Installation of export cables 4000 tonnes 2) Beaching capabilities Max speed 14 knots Accommodation 100 crew Current deployment N/A 2O18 21 June 2018 73

Ocean Yield VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard STX Lewek Connector Year 2011 Designer STX Description Deadweight 156.9 metres DP3 vessel capable of installing cables in deep waters. Length 32 metres Width 6.5 metres Capabilities Draft 26,142 tonnes 1) Installation of export and array cables DWT turntable capacity 6000 tonnes, 3000 tonnes Current deployment Max speed N/A Installation of export cables for 1.2GW Hornsea 1, UK Accommodation 140 crew

Prysmian VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard Conversion by Victor Cable Enterprise Lenac shipyard, Croatia Year Built 2001, converted by Description Prysmian in 2015 DP2-class cable-lay vessel. Designer N/A Deadweight 124.32 metres Capabilities Length 31.6 metres 1) Installation of array and export wires Width 5.17 metres 2) Beaching and ploughing capabilities Draft 10,543 tonnes DWT turntable capacity 4000 tonnes Current deployment Max speed 8.5 knots N/A Accommodation 80 crew

Prysmian VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard Hyundai Mipo Dockyard, Giulio Verne South Korea Year 1983 Description Designer N/A Large cable-lay vessel capable of working in rough weather. Deadweight 133.18 metres Length 30.48 metres Capabilities Width 5.37 metres 1) Installation of array and export wires Draft 10,674 tonnes 2) Burial and trenching capabilities DWT turntable capacity 7000 tonnes Max speed 10 knots Current deployment Accommodation 90 crew N/A

Prysmian VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard Converted at the Ulisse PaxOcean yard in Singapore Year 2016 Description Designer N/A Cable-lay vessel specially designed to operate in shallow waters. Deadweight 122.2 metres Length 33.5 metres Capabilities Width 5.41 metres 1) Installation of export cables Draft 17,160 tonnes 2) Beaching and cable burial DWT turntable capacity 7000 tonnes Max speed N/A Current deployment Accommodation 57 crew N/A 2O18 21 June 2018 74

Siem Offshore Contractors VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard Remontowa Siem Aimery Shipbuilding, Poland Year 2016 Description Designer Ulstein Cable installation, repair and maintenance vessel specifically designed to work in harsh Deadweight 93.5 metres weather conditions. Length 21.5 metres Width 7.1 metres Capabilities Draft 4700 tonnes 1) Installation of array cables DWT turntable capacity 4250 tonnes 2) Trenching and burial using ROV Max speed N/A Accommodation 60 crew Current deployment Installation of array cables at 588MW Beatrice, Scotland

Subsea 7 VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard N/A Skandi Acergy Year 2008 Designer N/A Description Deadweight 156.9 metres Offshore construction vessel capable of operating in deep waters. Length 27 metres Width 12 metres Capabilities Draft 16,500 tonnes 1) Installation of export and array cables DWT turntable capacity 3000 tonnes Max speed 18 knots Current deployment Accommodation 140 crew N/A

Tideway VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard La Naval Living Stone Year 2018 Designer DEME Description Deadweight 161 metres DP3 cable-lay vessel with a twin cable carousel, due to enter operations this year. Length 32.2 metres Width 6.5 metres Capabilities Draft 13,185 tonnes 1) Installation of export and array cables DWT turntable capacity 2 x 5000 tonnes 2) Trenching Max speed 13.4 knots Accommodation 110 crew Current deployment Installation of export cables for 1.2GW Hornsea 1, UK

Van Oord VITAL STATISTICS Builder/shipyard Damen Galati Nexus Year 2014 Designer Damen/Van Oord Description Deadweight 122.7 metres DP2 cable-lay vessel featuring a custom deck layout. Length 27.5 metres Width 5.8 metres Capabilities Draft 8398 tonnes 1) Installation of export and array cables DWT turntable capacity 5000 tonnes Max speed 12.4 knots Deployment Accommodation 90 crew Array cable installation at 396MW Merkur, Germany. Array cable installation at 450MW Borkum Riffgrund 2, Germany 2O18 21 June 2018 75

Post-2020 picture looks rosy in Europe and beyond but cost challenges and downtime continue to exert pressure in the interim, writes Stephen Dunne

ffshore wind fabrication of Dutch auction-winning in the era of low levelised yards are on full sites and as-yet-unconfirmed energy cost and, according Oprocurement alert as post-2020 zones in Belgium to sources, the absence they look to secure post-2020 and Denmark will also add to of true innovation and supply deals on wind farms in the mix. industrialisation is further Europe and farther afield. Meanwhile, there are shifting the onus to trim Recent capacity auctions moves afoot in undeveloped budgets over to the supply in the UK, Germany, the offshore wind markets such side. Netherlands and Taiwan, as Ireland and Poland to Steel manufacturers are as well as positive moves in line up routes to market for also having to juggle yard markets such as Belgium and wind farms to come online downtime in the short term the US, mean there is a well- between 2020 and 2025. before the predicted post- stocked pipeline of steelwork In addition, fabrication 2020 bonanza gets underway. projects. players are looking farther Some yards, with no Yard executives are almost afield to establish themselves confirmed work over the unanimously bullish about in nascent markets primed for next couple of years, are the potential to score plum take-off. facing significant difficulties fabrication deals in what Taiwan has awarded 3.8GW in keeping operations ticking promises to be a busy 2020- of capacity to 12 projects, over until work cranks into 25 build-out period globally. all set to come online gear on any newly secured Although some of the next before 2025, with several contracts. decade’s fabrication work has European fabricators eyeing Although the potential of been placed already, including local partnerships to supply picking up sub-contracts at Sif and Smulders’ monopile foundations. short notice is still possible and transition piece deal at A similar picture is — Steelwind Nordenham, Innogy’s 860MW Triton Knoll developing in the US where for example, recently scored in the UK, much treasure is a multi-gigawatt pipeline a 32-monopile supply deal still to be plundered. of eastern-seaboard sites from Dutch outfit Sif for the In the UK, balance-of-plant is aiming for pre-2025 203MW Borkum West 2.2 contractor GeoSea is in the commissioning. after the latter farmed out market for the supply of After years of relatively the job — few substantial 100 turbine jackets for the slim pickings, the level of pre-2020 deals remain up for EDPR-led 950MW Moray East work coming onto market grabs at the moment. wind farm off Scotland, due is building optimism and Fabricators are also online in 2022. Procurement the belief that experienced reporting ever-narrowing is expected to come to a head offshore wind fabrication timelines that make delivery by the year-end. yards are on the brink of a of large numbers of French utility EDF is also significant and long-term foundations possible for none expected to bring a 54-jacket ramp-up of activity. but the largest players. supply deal to market shortly However, ther are several Smaller yards are pivoting for its recently acquired challenges facing those to try to add value by offering 450MW hungry for a slice of the to carry out smaller chunks development off Scotland, set action. of work, such as assembly to go online in 2023. Fabrication yards across or outfitting, in an effort In Germany, fabrication Europe are under intense to ensure the coming glut deals for virtually every one pressure to cut costs in of contracts brings some of the 10 auction-winning delivering on existing reward. wind farms that secured a contracts and securing new Meanwhile, the spectre of total of 3.1GW of capacity in work for clients keen to new market entrants based in rounds this year and last have squeeze every last drop of low-cost economies, mainly in either hit the market or will value from the supply chain. Asia, continues to loom large do so soon. A steady stream Offshore wind is now firmly over contenders. n FABRICATION YARDS FABRICATION 2O18 21 June 2018 76

ASM Industries VITAL STATISTICS Location Aveiro, Atlantic Aveiro Production floor 72,000m² Annual capacity 35,000 tonnes Description Main crane capacity N/A The new Portuguese fabrication facility in the port of Aveiro, south of Porto, will Capabilities Monopiles, transition pieces manufacture monopiles and transition pieces when it opens in early 2019. The plant will be able to roll tubulars up to 10 metres in diameter and will feature a 200-metre- long quayside.

Current fabrication N/A

ASM Industries VITAL STATISTICS Location Setubal, Atlantic Lisnave Production floor 150,000m2 Annual capacity 20,000 tonnes Description Main crane capacity N/A The Portuguese shipyard is mainly used for assembly and storage of offshore Capabilities Tubulars, assembly foundations but can also tackle fabrication. Lisnave includes a drydock facility and has a storage area of 100,000 squre metres.

Current fabrication N/A

BiFab VITAL STATISTICS Location , , Outer Arnish Hebrides, Northern Channel Production floor 21,000m² Description Annual capacity 50,000 tonnes The yard can manufacture monopiles and piles for the offshore wind Main crane capacity N/A industry with a capacity of 50,000 tonnes of steel tubulars every year. The facility can Capabilities Topsides, piles, monopiles, roll materials up to 150mm thick and has unrestricted open sea access. tubulars

Fabrication pipeline N/A

BiFab VITAL STATISTICS Location Burntisland, Fife, Forth Estuary Burntisland Production floor 70,000m² Annual capacity 30,000 tonnes Description Main crane capacity N/A The Burntisland yard on the Forth Estuary has the capacity to load out structures Capabilities Topsides, transition pieces, weighing 5000 tonnes. It is capable of manufacturing offshore substation topsides, accommodation modules jackets and transition pieces.

Fabrication pipeline N/A

BiFab VITAL STATISTICS Location Leven, Fife, Forth Estuary Methil Production floor 542,258m² Annual capacity 60,000 tonnes Description Main crane capacity N/A Methil is the largest of the three BiFab yards. It features a production floor of almost Capabilities Topsides, jackets, 2 550,000m and has a load-out capacity of 22,000 tonnes. accommodation modules

Fabrication pipeline N/A

Bladt VITAL STATISTICS Location Aalborg, Denmark, the Kattegat Aalborg Production floor 51,000m² Annual capacity 150,000 tonnes Description Main crane capacity N/A The Bladt headquarters in Aalborg carries out fabrication of major foundation Capabilities XL monopiles, monopiles, components including jackets, monopiles and substations. transition pieces, jackets, offshore substations Fabrication pipeline Offshore substations and transition pieces for 1.2GW Hornsea 1, UK. Transition pieces for 406MW Horns Rev 3, Denmark. Offshore substation for 224MW Northwester 2, Belgium. 2O18 21 June 2018 77

Bladt VITAL STATISTICS Location Odense, Denmark, the Kattegat Lindo Production floor 39,220m² Annual capacity 35,000 tonnes Description Main crane capacity 1200 tonnes 2 The former shipyard at Lindo is a 30,000m site featuring four workshops that are used Capabilities Jackets to fabricate large steel components for offshore wind farms, such as jackets.

Fabrication pipeline N/A

Dragados VITAL STATISTICS Location Cadiz, Spain, Atlantic Cadiz Production floor N/A Annual capacity N/A Description Main crane capacity N/A The Spanish outfit operates its main yard in Cadiz, Spain. The site has some 22 covered Capabilities Substation jackets workshops and has been in operation since 1975.

Fabrication pipeline N/A

EEW VITAL STATISTICS Location Rostock, Germany, Baltic Sea Rostock Production floor 32,000m² Annual capacity 250,000 tonnes Description Main crane capacity N/A The German tubular specialist produces monopiles and pin piles from its Rostock yard. Capabilities XL monopiles, monopiles, It can fabricate foundations with diameters of up to 10 metres that stretch to up to 120 transition pieces, jacket metres in length and weigh 1500 tonnes apiece. components, pin piles, suction piles Fabrication pipeline Monopiles and transition pieces for 406MW Horns Rev, Denmark. Monopiles for 252MW DeBu, Germany. Monopiles and transition pieces for 1.2GW Hornsea 1, UK.

KNOWING OFFSHORE WIND & HOW TO MANAGE RISK THROUGHOUT THE PROJECT LIFECYCLE At DNV GL, we use our industry-leading advisory expertise to help offshore wind projects increase performance. We believe success relies on understanding the dependencies between different parts of the offshore wind value chain. This is why we always take a full lifecycle approach to managing risks and reducing costs. Together with our partners in the industry, we focus on Doing it Right, Doing it Better and Doing it Differently. www.dnvgl.com/offshorewind

SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER 2O18 21 June 2018 78

EEW OSB VITAL STATISTICS Location Middlesbrough, UK, North Sea Haverton Hill Production floor 31,600m² Annual capacity 35,000 tonnes Description Main crane capacity 32 tonnes EEW OSB is based on the River Tees in north-east England and specialises in the Capabilities Transition pieces, pin piles fabrication of transition pieces.

Fabrication pipeline Transition pieces for 1.2GW Hornsea 1, UK.

Global Energy Group VITAL STATISTICS Location Nigg, Ross-shire, Scotland Nigg Production floor 32,000m² Annual capacity N/A Description Main crane capacity N/A 2 The 700,000m port of Nigg site on the Cromarty Firth in Scotland can manufacture Capabilities Transition pieces, jacket offshore wind components and can also be used as a storage, marshalling and load- components, substation jackets, out location. Owner Global Energy is planning a site overhaul including extending, substation topsides, merging fabrication halls and building a new blasting and painting workshop. suction anchors

Fabrication pipeline Staging/marshalling port for 588MW , Scotland.

Haizea Wind VITAL STATISTICS Location Zierbena, Bilbao, Atlantic Bilbao Production floor 125,000m2 Annual capacity N/A Description Main crane capacity N/A Newly-opened facility in northern Spain that will mainly produce offshore turbine Capabilities Monopiles, transition pieces towers but can also fabricate monopiles and transition pieces.

Current fabrication N/A

Harland & Wolff VITAL STATISTICS Location Belfast, UK, Irish Sea Belfast Production floor 30,000m² Annual capacity 20,000 tonnes Description Main crane capacity 840 tonnes The iconic Belfast yard features a pair of heavy-lift goliath cranes and more than Capabilities Substation topsides 2 300,000m of ground for assembly of components for the offshore wind industry. and jackets, turbine jackets, pin piles, suction buckets, suction Fabrication pipeline bucket monopiles Assembly of jackets for 714MW East Anglia 1, UK. Suction bucket monopiles for 16.8MW DeBu demo, Germany.

Heerema VITAL STATISTICS Location Greenland Road, Hartlepool, UK, Greenland Road/Victoria Dock North Sea Production floor N/A Description Annual capacity N/A The Hartlepool, UK, yard is used in the fabrication of offshore substations for the wind Main crane capacity 80 tonnes industry. It offers easy access to the North Sea. Capabilities Substation topsides

Fabrication pipeline N/A

Hollandia VITAL STATISTICS Location Krimpen aan den IJssel, the Krimpen aan den IJssel Netherlands, North Sea Production floor 10,000m² Description Annual capacity 20,000 tonnes Hollandia fabricates substation topsides and jackets as well as transition pieces from Main crane capacity N/A its Krimpen aan den IJssel yard near the port of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Capabilities Transition pieces, jacket components, substation topsides, Fabrication pipeline substation jackets N/A 2O18 21 June 2018 79

HSM Offshore VITAL STATISTICS Location Schiedam, the Netherlands, Schiedam North Sea Production floor 12,000m² Description Annual capacity N/A 2 The 75,000m yard at Schiedam near Rotterdam in the Netherlands fabricates offshore Main crane capacity N/A substations and jackets. It has three assembly shops and a 50-metre-wide load-out Capabilities Substation topsides, quay. substation jackets

Fabrication pipeline Offshore transformer station and jacket for 700MW Borssele 1&2 and 731.5MW Borssele 3&4, Netherlands.

Lamprell VITAL STATISTICS Location Jebel Ali, Dubai, UAE, Jebel Ali Persian Gulf Production floor 16,000m² Description Annual capacity 15,000 tonnes 2 The Jebel Ali facility in Dubai boasts an area of 163,000m and has secured offshore Main crane capacity N/A 2 wind fabrication contracts. The site has 16,000m of covered workspace and can tackle Capabilities Jackets, piles fabrication of jackets and piles.

Fabrication pipeline Jacket foundations and piles for 714MW East Anglia 1, UK.

Lamprell VITAL STATISTICS Location Port Khalid, Sharjah, UAE, Sharjah Persian Gulf Production floor 201,504m² Description Annual capacity 17,000 tonnes The Sharjah yard in Port Khalid is the second of Lamprell’s locations being used for Main crane capacity N/A offshore wind fabrication. It features a 329-metre long quay and covers an area of Capabilities Jackets, piles 165,329m2.

Fabrication pipeline Jacket foundations and piles for 714MW East Anglia 1, UK.

Navantia VITAL STATISTICS Location Fene, A Coruna, Atlantic Fene Production floor 756,000m² Annual capacity 20,000 tonnes Description Main crane capacity 750 tonnes The Fene yard in north-west Spain can fabricate up to 20,000 tonnes of steel work Capabilities Jackets, transition pieces, every year. It features a main crane that can lift up to 750 tonnes. jacket components, substation jackets, floating spar foundations, Fabrication pipeline pin piles, XL monopiles, monopiles Jacket foundations for 714MW East Anglia 1, UK.

Navantia VITAL STATISTICS Location Puerto Real, Cadiz, Atlantic Puerto Real Production floor 1,200,000m² Annual capacity 20,000 tonnes Description Main crane capacity 1000 tonnes Navantia’s huge Puerto Real facility in Cadiz, Spain, has been tasked mainly with Capabilities Substation topsides, substation topside and jacket fabrication but can also tackle transition pieces and substation jackets, jackets, jacket regular turbine jacket foundations. components, transition pieces, floating spar foundations Fabrication pipeline Offshore substation topside and jacket for 714MW East Anglia 1, UK.

Sembmarine SLP VITAL STATISTICS Location Lowestoft, Suffolk, North Sea Hamilton Dock Production floor 54,750m² Annual capacity 20,000 tonnes Description Main crane capacity 350 tonnes The Lowestoft yard has design, procurement and manufacturing capabilities for large- Capabilities XL monopiles, monopiles, scale offshore wind components. Its main work in the sector is on offshore substations. transition pieces, jacket components, pin piles, substation Fabrication pipeline jackets, substation topsides N/A 2O18 21 June 2018 80

Sif VITAL STATISTICS Location Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Maasvlakte 2 North Sea Production floor N/A Description Annual capacity 300,000 tonnes Maasvlakte 2 can produce up to five XL monopile foundations per week with diameters up Main crane capacity N/A to 11 metres and has on-site storage capacity of 42 hectares. Capabilities XL monopiles, monopiles, pin piles, jack-up legs Fabrication pipeline Monopiles for 609MW Hohe See/Albatros, Germany. Monopiles for 370MW Norther, Belgium. Monopiles for 731.5MW Borssele 3&4, Netherlands. Monopiles for 860MW Triton Knoll, UK.

Sif VITAL STATISTICS Location Roermond, Roermond southern Netherlands Production floor N/A Description Annual capacity 300,000 tonnes Sif headquarters at Roermond is involved in the production of monopiles and Main crane capacity N/A transition pieces for the offshore wind industry. Capabilities Monopiles, pin piles, jack-up legs Fabrication pipeline Monopiles for 609MW Hohe See/Albatros, Germany. Monopiles for 370MW Norther, Belgium. Monopiles for 731.5MW Borssele 3&4, Netherlands. Monopiles for 860MW Triton Knoll, UK.

Smulders VITAL STATISTICS Location Hoboken, Antwerp, North Sea Hoboken Production floor 35,750m² Annual capacity N/A Description Main crane capacity 560 tonnes Hoboken in Antwerp, Belgium, can tackle fabrication of transition pieces, jacket foundations Capabilities Transition pieces, jacket and other large components. Site next to the Scheldt River gives it access to the North Sea. components, substation jackets, substation topsides Fabrication pipeline Transition pieces for 370MW Norther, Belgium. Transition pieces for 609MW Hohe See/ Albatros, Germany. Transition pieces for 406MW Horns Rev 3, Denmark. Transition pieces for 860MW Triton Knoll, UK. Transition pieces for 203MW Borkum West 2.2, Germany.

Smulders VITAL STATISTICS Location Vlissingen, River Scheldt, Vlissingen North Sea Production floor N/A Description Annual capacity N/A Located on the Scheldt River and close to the company’s Hoboken yard, the Vlissingen Main crane capacity N/A site is mainly used for production and assembly of jackets for offshore substations. Capabilities Offshore substations

Fabrication pipeline Substation jacket for 497MW Hohe See, Germany. Substation jacket for 252MW DeBu, Germany.

Smulders VITAL STATISTICS Location Newcastle, River Tyne, North Sea Wallsend Production floor 16,500m² Annual capacity N/A Description Main crane capacity 3200 tonnes The former OGN Group site on the River Tyne is used by Smulders Projects to fabricate Capabilities Transition pieces, jacket and complete final assembly of jacket foundations and offshore substations. It features components, substation jackets, an open fabrication and erection area of 104,000m2. substation topsides

Fabrication pipeline N/A

Smulders VITAL STATISTICS Location Spomasz, Zary, Poland Zary Production floor 18,000m² Annual capacity 20,000 tonnes Description Main crane capacity N/A The Polish yard is used to fabricate secondary components and other large steel Capabilities Secondary components elements for offshore wind foundations as well as substations. for jackets, transition pieces and substation topsides Fabrication pipeline N/A 2O18 21 June 2018 81

ST3 Offshore VITAL STATISTICS Location Szczecin, Poland, Baltic Sea Szczecin Production floor 100,000m² Annual capacity 110,000 tonnes Description Main crane capacity 1400 tonnes ST3 Offshore’s yard in Poland boasts one of Europe’s largest gantry cranes measuring Capabilities Jackets, jacket components, 120 metres in height with a 1400-tonne lifting capacity. The river Odra location has monopiles, transition pieces access to the Baltic Sea and can load out structures up to 90 metres.

Fabrication pipeline N/A

Steelwind VITAL STATISTICS Location Nordenham, Germany, Nordenham North Sea Production floor 40,000m² Description Annual capacity N/A Steelwind specialises in the fabrication of monopile foundations and transition pieces Main crane capacity N/A from its facility at Nordenham on the River Weser in northern Germany. Capabilities XL monopiles, monopiles, transition pieces, pin piles Fabrication pipeline Monopiles for 203MW Borkum West 2.2, Germany.

STX France VITAL STATISTICS Location Western France, Atlantic Saint-Nazaire Production floor 1,050,000m² Annual capacity 65,000 tonnes Description Main crane capacity 1400 tonnes The STX yard on the west coast of France is involved in the design and fabrication of Capabilities Transition pieces, substation offshore wind substations and foundations. It has a production floor of 105 hectares jackets, substation topsides, and annual fabrication capacity of 65,000 tonnes. floating substations

Fabrication pipeline Substation topsides and jackets for 480MW Saint-Nazaire, 450MW Courseulles and 498MW Fecamp, France.

2O18

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INDEX OF TURBINES BY PROJECT Does not include prototype, some limited-unit or unconfirmed deployments. * Decommissioned projects Project, location Turbine Page Project, location Turbine Page Aberdeen, UK MHI Vestas V164-8.4/8.8MW 10 Kamisu 1&2, Japan Hitachi HTW 2.0-80 24 Albatros, Germany Siemens Gamesa 7.0-154 14 Kemi Ajos, Finland* Winwind WWD-3 40 Alpha Ventus, Germany Areva M5000-116 17 Kentish Flats, UK Vestas V90-3.0MW 39 Repower 5M 31 Kentish Flats 2, UK MHI Vestas V112-3.3MW 27 Anholt, Denmark Siemens SWT-3.6-120 36 Kincardine, UK MHI Vestas V164-8.4MW 10 Arklow Bank, Ireland GE 3.6s 23 Kriegers Flak, Denmark Siemens Gamesa 8.4-167 14 Arkona, Germany Siemens Gamesa 6.0-154 14 Lillgrund, Sweden Siemens SWT-2.3-93 34 Arumbank, Germany Siemens SWT-3.6-120 36 Lincs, UK Siemens SWT-3.6-120 36 Bac Lieu 1&2, Vietnam GE 1.6-82.5 23 London Array, UK Siemens SWT-3.6-120 36 Baltic 1, Germany Siemens SWT-2.3-93 34 Longyuan Chiang Sand, China Envision 136/4.2MW 6 Baltic 2, Germany Siemens SWT-3.6-120 36 Longyuan Putian 1&2, China Sewind W4000-130 13 Bard 1, Germany Bard 5.0 18 Longyuan Rudong, China Sewind W4000-130 13 Barrow, UK Vestas V90-3.0MW 39 Luchterduinen, Netherlands MHI Vestas V112-3.0MW 26 Beatrice, UK Siemens Gamesa 7.0-154 14 Lueng Dongtai, China Sewind W4000-130 13 Belwind 1, Belgium Vestas V90-3.0MW 39 Lynn/Inner Dowsing, UK Siemens SWT-3.6-107 35 Belwind 2 (Nobelwind), Belgium MHI Vestas V112-3.3MW 27 Meerwind, Germany Siemens SWT-3.6-120 36 Block Island, US GE Haliade 150 6 Merkur, Germany GE Haliade 150 6 Blyth demo, UK MHI Vestas V164-8.4MW 10 Mermaid, Belgium Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 14 Bockstigen, Sweden Wind World W3700/550kW 39 Middelgrunden, Denmark Bonus 2MW 19 Borkum Riffgat, Germany Siemens SWT-3.6-120 36 Moray East, UK MHI Vestas V164-9.5MW 10 Borkum Riffgrund, Germany Siemens SWT-4.0-120 36 Nanri Island, China Siemens SWT 4.0-130 36 Borkum Riffgrund 2, Germany MHI Vestas V164-8.3MW 10 Nissum Bredning, Denmark Siemens Gamesa 7.0-154 14 Borkum West 2.1, Germany Areva M5000-116 17 Noirmoutier, France Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 14 Borkum West 2.2, Germany Senvion 6.2M152 12 Nordergrunde Senvion 6.2M126 32 Borssele 1&2, Netherlands Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 14 Nordsee 1, Germany Senvion 6.2M126 32 Borssele 3&4, Netherlands MHI Vestas V164-9.5MW 10 Nordsee Ost, Germany Senvion 6.2M126 32 Borssele 5, Netherlands MHI Vestas V164-9.5MW 10 North Hoyle, UK Vestas V80-2.0MW 38 Burbo Bank 1, UK Siemens SWT-3.6-107 35 Norther, Belgium MHI Vestas V164-8.4MW 10 Burbo Bank 2, UK MHI Vestas V164-8.0MW 10 Northwester 2, Belgium MHI Vestas V164-9.5MW 10 Butendiek, Germany Siemens SWT-3.6-120 36 Northwind, Belgium MHI Vestas V112-3.0MW 26 CGN Rudong, China Sewind W4000-130 13 Ormonde, UK Repower 5M 31 Changfang 1, Taiwan MHI Vestas V164-9.5MW 10 Pinghai, China XEMC XE128/5.0MW 15 Changfang 2, Taiwan MHI Vestas V164-9.5MW 10 Pingtan Island, China Sewind W4000-130 13 Changhua, Taiwan Hitachi HTW5.2-127 8 Princess Amalia, Netherlands Vestas V80-2.0MW 38 Changhua West, Taiwan MHI Vestas V164-9.5MW 10 Provence Grande Large, France Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 14 Chongneng, Taiwan MHI Vestas V164-9.5MW 10 Race Bank, UK Siemens Gamesa 6.0-154 14 Courseulles, France GE Haliade 150 6 Rampion, UK MHI Vestas V112-3.45MW 9 CPI Binhai 1 & 2, China Sewind W4000-130 13 Rentel, Belgium Siemens Gamesa 7.3-154 14 DeBu, Germany MHI Vestas V164-8.4MW 10 , UK Siemens SWT-3.6-107 35 DanTysk, Germany Siemens SWT-3.6-120 36 Robin Rigg, UK Vestas V90-3.0MW 39 Donghai Bridge 1, China Sinovel SL3000/90 15 Rodsand 1, Denmark Bonus 2.3MW 19 Donghai Bridge 2, China Sewind W3600-116 34 Dongtai, China Envision 136/4.2MW 6 Rodsand 2, Denmark Siemens SWT-2.3-93 34 Sewind W4000-130 13 Ronland, Denmark Vestas V80-2.0MW 38 Dudgeon, UK Siemens Gamesa 6.0-154 14 Saint-Brieuc, France Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 14 East Anglia 1, UK Siemens Gamesa 7.0-154 14 Saint-Nazaire, France GE Haliade 150 6 Egmond, Netherlands Vestas V90-3.0MW 39 Sakata, Japan Vestas V80-2.0MW 38 Eolmed, France Senvion 6.2M152 12 Samso, Denmark Bonus 2.3MW 19 Fecamp, France GE Haliade 150 6 Sandbank, Germany Siemens SWT-4.0-130 36 Fujian Xinghua, China GE Haliade 150 6 Scroby Sands, UK Vestas V80-2.0MW 38 Formosa demo, Taiwan Siemens SWT-4.0-120 36 Seastar, Belgium Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 14 Formosa 2, Taiwan Siemens Gamesa 6.0-154 14 Shanghai Lingang, China Sewind W3600-122 13 Galloper, UK Siemens Gamesa 6.0-154 14 Sheringham Shoal, UK Siemens SWT-3.6-107 35 Gemini, Netherlands Siemens SWT-4.0-130 36 Sprogo, Denmark Vestas V90-3.0MW 39 Global Tech 1, Germany Areva M5000-116 17 Southwestern, Korea Doosan WinDS5500 6 Gode Wind 1&2, Germany Siemens Gamesa 6.0-154 14 Tahkoluoto, Finland Siemens SWT-4.0-130 36 Golfe du Lion, France GE Haliade 150 6 Tamra, South Korea Doosan WinDS3000 5 Greater Gabbard, UK Siemens SWT-3.6-107 35 Teesside, UK Siemens SWT-2.3-93 34 Groix & Belle-Ile, France GE Haliade 150 6 Thanet, UK Vestas V90-3.0MW 39 Gunfleet Sands UK Siemens SWT-3.6-107 35 Thornton Bank 1, Belgium Repower 5M 31 Gwynt y Mor, UK Siemens SWT-3.6-107 35 Thornton Bank 2&3, Belgium Senvion 6.2M126 32 Hohe See, Germany Siemens Gamesa 7.0-154 14 Treport, France Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 14 Horns Rev, Denmark Vestas V80-2.0MW 38 Triton Knoll, UK MHI Vestas V164-9.5MW 10 Horns Rev 2, Denmark Siemens SWT-2.3-93 34 Tuno Knob, Denmark Vestas V39-500kW 37 Horns Rev 3, Denmark MHI Vestas V164-8.3MW 10 Utgrunden, Sweden Enron 1.5s 21 Hornsea 1, UK Siemens Gamesa 7.0-154 14 Vanern, Sweden Winwind WWD-3 40 Hornsea 2, UK Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 14 Veja Mate, Germany Siemens Gamesa 6.0-154 14 Huaneng Rudong, China CSIC Huizhuang H151-5.0MW 4 Vesterhav N&S, Denmark Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 14 Envision 136/4.2MW 6 Vindeby, Denmark* Bonus 450kW 18 Sewind W4000-130 13 Walney 1, UK Siemens SWT-3.6-107 35 Humber Gateway, UK MHI Vestas V112-3.0MW 26 Walney 2, UK Siemens SWT-3.6-120 36 Hydropower Rudong, China CSIC Haizhuang H102-2000 20 Walney 3 East, UK Siemens Gamesa 7.0-154 14 Sewind W2500-108 13 Walney 3 West, UK MHI Vestas V164-8.25MW 10 Hywind Scotland, UK Siemens Gamesa 6.0-154 14 Westermeerwind, Netherlands Siemens SWT-3.0-108 35 Icebreaker Lake Erie, US MHI Vestas V126-3.45 10 Westermost Rough, UK Siemens Gamesa 6.0-154 14 Ijsselmeer/Lely, Netherlands* Nedwind NW40/500 27 West of Duddon Sands, UK Siemens SWT-3.6-120 36 Irene Vorrink, Netherlands Nordtank NTK600/43 30 Wikinger, Germany Adwen AD 5-135 4 Jiangsu Binhai, China Goldwind GW-121/3000 7 Windfloat Atlantic, Portugal MHI Vestas V164-8.3MW 10 Ming Yang SCD 3.0 11 Xiangshui, China Goldwind GW-121/3000 7 Jiangsu Rudong Intertidal, China Siemens SWT-2.3-101 35 Sewind W4000-130 13 Sinovel SL3000/90 15 Yttre Stengrund, Sweden* NEG Micon NM 2000/72 28 Jiangsu Rudong 2, China Goldwind GW-109/2500 24 Yunlin, Taiwan Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 14 Kaarehamn, Sweden MHI Vestas V112-3.0MW 26 Zhuhai Guishan, China Ming Yang SCD 3.0 11 The future is smart. SMART is now.

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Throughout our history we have been a catalyst for SMART Foundation Loads increased competition, dramatic energy cost reductions, Optimises foundation design upfront and awe-inspiring innovation. From the installment of 500 kW turbines at Tunoe Knob in 1995 to the 9 MW platform turbines SMART Dampers in our portfolio today, we’ve been pushing boundaries for Reduces fatigue and design loads more than 20 years.

The MVOW SMART Turbine® suite of optimisation products are SMART Fast Data Increases the frequency and visibility of data designed to contribute to the project business case by enhancing turbine design assessments, allowing significant cost savings and enabling incisive decision making. SMART Performance Monitor Available for the 9 MW Platform: V164-8.0 MW and V164-9.5 MW Brings wind power plant monitoring to hand-held devices

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