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Japan's International Cooperation 2017 White Paper on Development Cooperation 2017 White Paper on Development Cooperation 2017 Japan’s International Cooperation Japan’s International Cooperation Japan’s White Paper on Development Cooperation 2017 Japan’s International Cooperation Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Foreign Ministry of Foreign Affairs [Cover photograph] [Back cover photograph] Ms. Ran Honda, a Japan Children having fun Overseas Cooperation presenting their works in Volunteer (JOCV) conducting an art and craft lesson at lessons by playing a game an elementary school in with the students, at the Dhading District, Nepal Teacher Training Center in (Photo: Sakura Yamashita) Mchinji, Malawi (Photo: Shinichi Kuno / JICA) This White Paper can also be viewed on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) website (http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda). In addition to the information about official development assistance (ODA) disbursed by Japan, the website also provides a collection of reference materials regarding aid provided by other countries and the activities of international organizations, etc. All titles of individuals given in this White Paper are those current at the time of the applicable events. Foreword The international community today faces various global challenges that transcend national borders, including conflicts, terrorism, refugees, poverty, climate change and infectious diseases. This has created a situation in which any of the risks that exist in regions worldwide can potentially exert a direct negative impact on the peace, stability and prosperity of the entire world, including Japan. Furthermore, economic growth in emerging and developing countries is becoming vital to the stable growth of the entire global economy. Under such circumstances, it goes without saying that as a responsible member of the international community, it is important for Japan to hold high the banner of “Proactive Contribution to Peace” based on the principle of international cooperation, to make greater contributions to the international community’s peace, stability and prosperity, and in doing so to strive to secure its national interests. As a means for realizing that, development cooperation mainly through ODA is one of Japan’s important policy tools. In other words, it is essential to utilize ODA to effectively resolve global challenges, such as eradicating poverty and building global peace, and to ultimately beneficially impact Japan as well. The development challenges the world faces are changing significantly. For example, although development in developing countries progressed to some extent, challenges such as political and economic instability, internal disparities and the “middle income trap” often exist. Furthermore, the world is witnessing an enormous infrastructure demand, and in order to respond to such a demand, initiatives are required that promote quality infrastructure development in accordance with international standards and that encourage the mobilization of private funds in order to deal with the supply-and- demand gap for development funding. Additionally, there are also some countries that are being left behind in terms of growth due to various vulnerabilities caused by internal conflicts, geographic and climatic conditions, and other problems. In such countries, it is necessary to ensure the stable foundations of development, such as the rule of law and democratization in addition to humanitarian assistance. As such, the world is facing more diverse and complex challenges, and furthermore, these challenges are increasingly widespread, transcending national borders as the world becomes increasingly globalized. In facing such challenges, the world is required more than ever to exercise ingenuity and take action. Additionally, in the present international community, various actors including private companies, local governments and NGOs are playing increasingly important roles in addressing development challenges, supporting sustainable growth of developing countries, and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To ensure the peace, stability and prosperity of the international community, it will therefore be necessary to mobilize such diverse power. Meanwhile, Japan’s ODA is facing critical public scrutiny in the midst of the severe fiscal situation and the declining birthrate and aging population. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan has a responsibility to fully explain the activities and significance of ODA to the Japanese people, to secure their understanding and support and to utilize ODA more strategically and effectively. This White Paper showcases the significance and role that development cooperation has in realizing the “Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy” that Japan has been advocating and promoting, along with the efforts that Japan has taken thus far in order to achieve the “SDGs,” unanimously adopted at the United Nations in 2015. Furthermore, it also introduces initiatives for supporting Japanese small and medium- sized enterprises through ODA. I hope that this White Paper will prove useful in deepening the understanding of the Japanese people regarding various challenges surrounding Japan’s development cooperation. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan is aiming to realize foreign diplomacy together with and supported by the Japanese people. February 2018 Minister for Foreign Affairs Taro Kono Japan’s Development Cooperation Policy - Development Cooperation Charter - The foundation of Japan’s development cooperation policy is (1) “Quality growth” and poverty eradication through the Development Cooperation Charter (decided by the Cabinet in such growth February 2015). Japan defines its development cooperation policy Realization of economic growth is essential for reducing as being based on: adhering to the course it has taken to date as poverty, especially eradicating absolute poverty, in the world but a peace-loving nation, while contributing even more proactively it is necessary for that growth to be “quality growth” that has to securing the peace, stability and prosperity of the international the following three features: (i) “inclusiveness,” meaning that community from the perspective of “Proactive Contribution to the fruits of growth are shared within society as a whole, leaving Peace” based on the principle of international cooperation; and no one behind, (ii) “sustainability,” meaning that the growth securing the national interests of Japan through this approach. is sustainable over generations in terms of harmony with the The Charter sets forth these basic policies of Japan, and stipulates environment, sustained socio-economic growth, and addressing that Official Development Assistance (ODA) will be utilized ever global warming, among other aspects, and (iii) “resilience,” more strategically and effectively as one of the most important meaning being able to withstand and recover from economic foreign policy tools for realizing those policies. At a time when crises, natural disasters and other shocks. In pursuing poverty development issues are becoming more diverse and complex, eradication through the realization of this quality growth, Japan requiring development cooperation not only by states but also by also provides assistance, etc. to secure the foundations and various actors including private companies and NGOs, ODA must the driving force for economic growth and for people-centered fulfill the role of catalyst for gathering these diverse forces. development that supports basic human life. (2) Sharing universal values and realizing a peaceful and 1. Basic policies of the development cooperation of Japan secure society The Charter identifies the following three basic policies Stable development through “quality growth” will not be of the Japan’s development cooperation implemented for the achieved unless the rights of individuals are guaranteed, people aforementioned objectives. can engage in economic and social activities with a sense of (1) Contributing to peace and prosperity through safety, and the society is managed equitably and stably. With a cooperation for non-military purposes view to solidifying the foundations for such development, Japan Cooperation for non-military purposes is one of the most provides assistance so as to share universal values as well as to suitable modalities for international contribution for Japan as realize a peaceful, stable and secure society. In particular, working a peace-loving nation, and is an embodiment of the country’s towards sharing universal values, Japan works on assistance for sincere aspirations for the peace and prosperity of the international the establishment of the rule of law, the realization of good community. Under this policy, Japan will continue to comply with governance, the promotion and consolidation of democratization, the principle of avoiding any use of development cooperation for and respect for basic human rights including women’s rights. military purposes or for aggravation of international conflicts. Moreover, working towards realizing a peaceful, stable and secure (2) Promoting human security society, Japan extends assistance for peacebuilding, emergency Human security — a concept that pursues the right of humanitarian assistance, capacity building of law enforcement individuals to live happily and in dignity, free from fear and want, authorities, combatting terrorism, and capacity building in relation through their protection and empowerment — is the guiding to seas, outer space and cyberspace. principle of Japan’s development
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