Human Settlements Development Program (KSTA MON 51106)

TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONSULTANTS

1. The proposed knowledge and support technical assistance (TA) will assist the Human Settlements Development Program (HSDP) of the Government of Mongolia to define strategic directions for inclusive, green, competitive, and sustainable urban development through the formulation of provincial socioeconomic and spatial development plans, and with prioritized legislative, technological, and institutional strengthening support. HSDP outputs include: (i) a series of comprehensive development and investment plans at the national (sectoral) and regional levels and linking these policies with infrastructural, industrial, mining, tourism, and economic investments; (ii) policy-level strategic goals and an integrated socioeconomic framework for human settlement system and territorial development based on the findings of the sectoral and regional plans; and (iii) improvements on legal, institutional, and technological capacity of relevant stakeholders to carry out and implement the HSDP.

2. Based on 's (ADB) and Japan International Cooperation Agency's (JICA) long-term partnership with the Government of Mongolia on and urban development improvement, a joint ADB-JICA program to support the HSDP has been agreed. The program will combine technical assistance from both JICA and ADB and will build on recent studies such as the National Urban Assessment (NUA) of Mongolia, 2015–20161 by ADB, the Data Collection Survey on Regional Comprehensive Development in Mongolia, 2015–2016 by JICA, and other related studies.2 The Ministry of Construction and Urban Development (MCUD) and the government have requested joint support to bring all expertise and resources to formulate the HSPD. The arrangements are: (i) ADB will take the lead on provincial and subregional development plans; (ii) JICA will focus on national and regional plans (economic and social development plans and spatial plans); (iii) ADB and JICA will work together with MCUD to combine the regional and sectoral plans in view of a national strategy for urban and economic development to form the HSPD; (iv) ADB will take the lead on the web-based mapping platform, e-atlases, and urban legal and regulatory development; (v) JICA will focus on the development of the geographic information system (GIS); and (vi) Capacity and institutional strengthening will be embedded in each counterpart activity.

3. The TA is included in ADB’s country operations business plan, 2018–2020 for Mongolia.3 The TA will be implemented from December 2018 to December 2020. The TA will (i) build on and scale-up the National Urban Assessment (NUA) for Mongolia and the initial web-based mapping

1 ADB. National Urban Assessment of Mongolia. Manila. Unpublished. 2 A number of related studies have been carried out by the government and various donors to serve as the foundation for the HSDP including (i) Physical Master Planning of Main in Selected Aimag (2012) by MCUD and local governments; (ii) Mongolia HABITAT III National Report: Urban Development, 1996–2016 (2016) by MCUD (http://habitat3.org/wp-content/uploads/Mongolia-HABITAT-III-Report-25.04.2016-english-final.pdf); and (iii) Current Situation of Human Settlement and Regional Development Trends (2016) by Regional Development Policy Research Center and Dynamic Analysis International; and ADB. Regional: Establishing the Future Cities Program in the Asia and Pacific Region. https://www.adb.org/projects/49053-001/main. 3 ADB. 2018. Country Operations Business Plan: Mongolia, 2018–2020. Manila.

2 platform developed by the NUA,4 (ii) build on the outputs of Fostering Value-Added Activities in Western Mongolia TA,5 and (iii) closely coordinate with and benefit from the ADB transaction TA for the Aimag and Soum Centers Regional Development Investment Program,6 the knowledge and support TA for Green Urban Planning,7 and with the Administration of Land Affairs, Geodesy, and Cartography of Mongolia (ALAGaC).

4. ADB will engage a consulting firm in accordance with ADB Procurement Policy (2017, as amended from time to time) and the associated project administration instructions and staff instructions. The TA will require tentatively 10 international experts (39.5 person-months) and 12 national experts (135.5 person-months). The consulting firm will be engaged under a performance-based contract, using quality- and cost-based selection method, with 90:10 quality– cost ratio and full technical proposal procedure.8

A. Output 1: Provincial Development Plans Formulated

5. The consultant will formulate a Development Oriented Aimag Plan (DOAP) for each of the 21 aimags (provinces) and Ulaanbaatar . Each DOAP should be a collaborative planning approach that builds up from the local level into a provincial urban development framework, relying on priority actions and incentives to achieve recommended objectives and strategic directions. It aims to identify desirable development, socioeconomic and environmental objectives, and pragmatic solutions to achieve them. It will build on the NUA for Mongolia and the findings of the ongoing feasibility study for the Aimag and Soum Centers Regional Development Investment Program (footnote 6). Each DOAP will help MCUD and local governments in decision making to drive the socioeconomic and environmentally of each aimag; and will collectivelly reflect and support the need and aspiration of the people and business community. It will cover two main aspects: a planning framework used by aimags in preparing their general territorial and spatial plans; and a policy framework that includes policies, regulations, and institutional settings that rules the local development. This will be complemented by a conceptual map for smart growth for each aimag and a human settlement typology, describing the role, function, and potential investment for each type of human settlement identified. The planing horizon of the DOAP will be 2040, broken down in time sequences of short-, medium-, and long-term objctives and actions.To support this purpose, each DOAP will identify and define the following: (i) current situation diagnostic and analytical matrix based on human settlement type and local context; (ii) development drivers and competitive advantages for each province and sub- region; (iii) development vision for each aimag that is clear, precise, and achievable together with strategic directions and objectives identifying the priority areas of focus; (iv) urban and territorial role and function within a bigger subregional and national development framework; (v) development scenario including economic, environmental, social impact, and outcomes;

4 The NUA is available upon request and the initial web-based mapping platform is accessible from http://adb-mongolia- nua.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/#!/. 5 ADB. Mongolia. Technical Assistance to Mongolia for Fostering Value-Added Activities in Western Mongolia. https://www.adb.org/projects/49192-001/main. 6 ADB. Mongolia: Preparing the Aimag and Soum Centers Regional Development Investment Program. https://www.adb.org/projects/49430-001/main. 7 ADB. Mongolia: Green Urban Planning. https://www.adb.org/projects/51100-001/main. 8 The ratio of 90:10 will be adopted because of the complexity of the project design. 3

(vi) detailed activities, actions, policies, investments, and incentives to achieve the vision and strategic objectives; and (vii) an implementation framework and monitoring system.

6. Current situation diagnostic. Analyzing policies, institutional setting, available plans, available data and information, the consultant will describe the current planning and policy frameworks and identify relevance of and interrelations between planning goals, growth assumptions, and policy approach. The assessment of the current situation will prepare a diagnostic and development baselines including (i) provincial characteristics, migration and urban growth pattern, past development trends, development driving force, and local economic potentials and future prospects; (ii) poverty and economic integration of the most vulnerable population; (iii) challenges in natural resources, environmental fragility, and vulnerability to climate change; (iv) cultural, historical, and tourism features; (v) urban system, infrastructure, and housing gap; (vi) rural development and urban–rural linkages; (vii) regional urban clusters that are linked by proximity, concentration of settlement, and economic interactions; (viii) urban analysis of macrolevel regions, aimags, major cities, and soum (subunit of an aimag) centers; (ix) local economic activities and interaction between the urban and rural economies; (x) financial and fiscal system; and (xi) key relevant policies, regulation, and institutional setting. The diagnostic will produce a typology and hierarchy of urban forms combined with a typology of local and regional contexts. The human settlement typology will serve as analytical matrix for each human settlement to model the type of urban growth, their development potential, the level and the type of investments needed, and their role and function in the aimag urban hierarchy and territorial development.

7. Development vision, strategic objectives, and directions. For each aimag and subregion, the consultant will analyze (i) key development drivers, assumptions, growth directions, and projections; (ii) factors that determine the competitiveness, environmental , and social development performance; (iii) urban and economic sectors assessment for infrastructure needs, including asset inventory, performance, coverage, deficit, and the resource gap within the perspective of future urban and economic changes; (iv) current related institutional capacity, legal, and regulatory arrangements; and (v) natural resources, local culture and behavior, tourism potential, education level, local production, specific know-how, and territorial assets; and will measure their economic potential, business oportunities, and current barrier for development at national and international levels. This will be turned into synergetic development drivers and smart growth features and will be articulated with the current situation diagnostic and projected development trend and scenario at short-, medium-, and long-term to formulate a development vision and strategic objectives for each aimag and will confirm the future territorial direction and development scenario that will be used for consultation in each aimag.9 The consultation process will ensure the bottom-up inputs are provided from the local residents and business community.

8. The consultant will identify the key barriers and challenges to achieve the development vision and strategic objectives and determine the role and function of human settlement type within a broader urban–rural linkage and development scheme. The consultant will also identify if the current plans, if left unchanged, can achieve the proposed goals. The incompatibilities between existing planning and policy frameworks, the market forces, social fabric, and institutional

9 Based on the territorial drivers identified, the consultant will study the implementation of integrated and cross sector sustainable development approaches to increase the attractiveness of the aimags such as water and waste water security, water and energy nexus, quality job and women employment, digital tolls and high-level technologies, urban safety, and affordable housing.

4 barriers to implement the vision and the strategy will lead to the formulation of optimal planning and policy frameworks to achieve the vision and strategic objectives. It will identify the characteristics of existing and potential smart growth opportunity areas and serve as a guide in developing a concept map that shows actual smart growth opportunity areas throughout the aimag. The aimags and subregional vision and strategic objective will be coordinated with JICA in relation to output 2 by the national sector plan.

9. Priority development, activities, road map, investment and incentives, and implementation mechanism. The consultant will finalize the DOAPs by (i) identifying investment action plan necessary to reach the urban and territorial development objectives; (ii) best combination of available investment instruments to leverage private sector support; (iii) policy, incentives, and institutional reforms to overcome the identified challenges barriers; and (iv) using the concept map as the foundation for showing eligible locations for smart growth incentive, opportunity areas, and the planning and policy frameworks for smart growth incentives in more detail. The DOAPs will support a development- and demand-led approach and make recommendations on how to maximize the involvement of key stakeholders such as communities, local governments, private sector, nongovernment organizations, and local institutions. It will cover the entire urban structure of the aimags and will inform the role and function of each human settlement in achieving the DOAPs and road map, priority action, policy reform, institutional change, and investments to be implemented at short-, medium-, and long term. Each DOAP will be aggregated to form subregional spatial and development planning together with a subregional policy framework.

10. At each stage, the web-based mapping application will be used as an analytical and reporting tool. All relevant data, information analysis, and findings will be incorporated in the mapping platform and e-atlases. Each DOAP and subregional plan will be coordinated and adjusted with the national and sector level plans developed by JICA. The TA findings will also be used for the proposed multitranche financing facility for Aimag and Soum Centers Regional Development Investment Program to inform the selection of investments for tranches 2 and 3 under the program.10 Finally, it will also update the NUA for Mongolia and turn it into a Human Settlements Development Program knowledge product (footnote 1).

B. Output 2: Integrated National Strategy and Policies for Human Settlement and Territorial Development Co-developed

11. The consultant will work closely with the JICA team supporting the National Comprehensive Development Plan (NCDP) of Mongolia, which includes selected components of the HSDP. While the consultant will focus on aimag and subregional level, the JICA team will prepare national, sectoral, and socioeconomic plans. The final development plans will be produced by merging the two studies (local and national). The consultant will therefore contribute to national economic and social development plan and policies, the national spatial development plan, as well as the regional spatial development plans. The two team will work closely with MCUD and National Development Agency to combine respective outputs into integrated strategies and

10 Aligned with the findings and recommendations of the Mongolia National Urban Assessment, the transaction TA will develop series of regional and local plans for selected aimags, secondary cities, and soum centers. These plans will include regional economic and business development plan, regional urban development plan, local development plan, and priority infrastructure investments. The first regions proposed for studies under Tranche 1 will include the western (Hovd, Uvs, and Bayan-Ulgii) and the eastern (Dornod) regions. It is expected that this model for regional development planning will be applied to the other prioritized regions of key economic development corridors as part of the identification exercise for investments for succeeding tranches. The transaction TA will also review the current urban development law. 5 policies for human and territorial development to form the HSDP. Throughout these process, strong collaboration will be fostered between the stakeholders to share information and agree on key development trajectories; ensure synergies and avoid duplications of the objective and scope of the two TAs. Each DOAP and subregional plan will be coordinated and adjusted according to the national and sector level plans developed from JICA’s study. Reciprocally, the TA will inform the national and sector plans. Coordination meetings will be held between the two teams before each key milestones of the TA and JICA’s study to ensure an overall consistent and comprehensive approach and outcome. The general work arrangements will be as follows:

Level Plan/Output Government Donor Agency National Socioeconomic Development Plan NDA JICA Spatial Plan MCUD JICA Regional Regional Socioeconomic Development Plan and NDA JICA Policies Spatial Plan MCUD JICA Subregional Subregional Territorial Development Plans MCUD ADB Subregional Urban Strategy MCUD ADB Provincial Provincial Territorial Development Plans MCUD ADB Provincial Urban Strategy MCUD ADB ADB = Asian Development Bank, JICA = Japan International Cooperation Agency , MCUD = Ministry of Construction and Urban Development, NDA = National Development Agency. Source: ADB.

C. Output 3: Relevant National Laws and Regulations Developed

12. The consultant will review the current urban law approved in 2008, and other related laws such as the redevelopment and land laws and the inputs from previous TA and other partners to the laws and regulations. 11 Together with the experts from MCUD and other relevant agencies, the consultant will prepare the updated urban law based on international best practice and Mongolian context. The text will be prepared together with an explanatory manual. The consultant will pay attention to the new urban law’s cross legal impact on other laws and will look at the decentralization policies and regulations to allow more decisional and financial autonomy to the aimags. The law should also support the HSDP and its implementation and shall consider inputs from the other TAs. A draft final text should be prepared by June 2019. The law will be presented and discussed with the related agencies and ministries. Comments from the consultation process will be integrated to produce the final text by September 2019. The consultant will help with the submission of the text to the parliament, especially in preparing the presentation, briefing, and pedagogic document to ensure that the new law is understood by the key stakeholder, is smoothly approved by the Mongolian parliament, and is aligned with and can support the implementation of the National Urban Strategy. Finally, the consultant will develop relevant guidelines and instructions to guide the implementation of the law and look at mechanisms to improve enforcement of these laws at the national and local levels.

D. Output 4: Web-based Mapping Platform and Provincial E-atlases Completed

13. Planning, development, implementation, and support of web-based interactive mapping application. The consultant will produce an interactive web-based data visualization

11 ADB has supported the Government of Mongolia in the drafting of the land law under TA 7566-REG (MON: Reform of Legal and Regulatory Framework for Involuntary Resettlement (Phase I and II) from 2011 to 2013 and TA 8201- MON: Preparation of Regulations and Capacity Development Plan for Involuntary Resettlement from 2013–2014. The Final TA Consultant’s Report of MON TA 8201 is available upon request. 6 and mapping application to guide, promote, and inform on the territorial and urban development at subregional (aimags clusters), aimag, and human settlement level. The application will be centralized at MCUD and will serve as the primary data and knowledge repository for aimag governments, civil society, international organization, and business community. It will build up on the initial web-based mapping platform developed under the NUA (footnote 4). The application will support multiple data layers, satellite maps, data visualization tools (including maps and graphs), as well as pre-designated filters to assist users with creation of specific data visualizations and for using and presenting data and information in an accessible form that promotes greater use. Maps developed should be embeddable to other websites, applications, and data system especially ALAGaC, and should be managed by MCUD and local governments. Ultimately, the consultant will produce an e-atlases website for each aimag and subregion that illustrates outputs 1 and 2 findings and outcome.

14. The application should be built as a dynamic digital platform and use statistic mapping system as an open source to support evidence-based information and decision-making process. It should (i) host metadata records and provide an enduring repository for raw data; (ii) develop and host web visualizations such as maps and graphs to view information using simple and intuitive interface; and (iii) include specific features such as scalable maps, timeline graphing, ranking tables, over time or cross aimags comparable maps and graphs, and import and export functions. The application should be designed with simplicity and ease of use, including tools to enable to maintain and update the data content following TA completion. It should act as a transparent local government tool and inform at the national level on aimags’ and soums’ situation. It should also be integrated with the national and local statistical and mapping production with certain security level for urban and regional data, and produce both quantitative and qualitative information.

15. The e-atlases should present a selection of structured data and information with dedicated filters, and specific analytic and sector modules (such as intrastructure, risk management, logistic, urban typology, economic development, poverty level, food production, population growth, climate change impact, trade, and investment). It should capture and illustrate DOAP findings and populate key indicators and geographical location of the key aimag cultural, natural, economic, facilities, and infrastructure features focusing on the urban settlement types and characteristics and showing territorial socioeconmic drivers. One important feature of the e-atlases is the interactiveness, open for local governments, government agencies, civil society, international organization, and business communities. The e-atlases will also provide necessary option to extract information in a graphic and visually relevant way. A paper version of the e-atlases will be printed and distributed to key agencies and stakeholders.

16. The consultant will recommend software, equipment and tools, and will provide relevant training.12 The mapping system should be able to consolidate ongoing mapping and GIS activities in Mongolia and Ulaanbaatar and ADB,13 and ultimately be usable by MCUD in developing, implementing, and monitoring the Human Settlements Development Program and each aimag. The consultant should be able to insert the mapping system into government or other relevant

12 The software (including right to update and source code) will be procured by the consulting firm and handover to the executing agency. Where possible, only commercially available software with transferable licensing agreements should be purchased. 13 Such as ADB TA 8467-MON: Ulaanbaatar Urban Planning Improvement activities related to the establishment of share data base and urban planning software improvement in Ulaanbaatar. ADB is developing a spatial-based platform intended for ADB-wide use called the Spatial Data Analysis Explorer (SPADE). This system is being jointly developed by ADB with European Space Agency (ESA), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), and the University of Tokyo. This platform can be a possible mechanism to sustain this output at post-TA implementation. 7 website, and ADB website, and consolidate the web-based mapping platform into one common system integrating ALAGaC, local initiative, and ADB mapping tools. The consultant will carry out key stakeholders’ consultation to ensure the mapping platform and e-atlases are pertinent at government, government agencies, nongovernment organizations, international financial institution, communities, and private sector levels. The consultant will develop sustainable mechanism to manage and operate the platform at the central (Ulaanbaatar) and local levels. The main tasks will include: (i) Application planning. The consultant will develop a proposed technical architecture for both the common urban geodatabase and mapping platform software to leverage the database. Other recommendations will include common coordinate and projection systems, database organization, base maps, and metadata. (ii) Data preparation. The consultant will work with the rest of the team, the government, private sector, and civil society to identify key data and information that will be used by the system. Data will be organized, formatted, and loaded into the application database. (iii) Application design. The consultant will create iterative wireframes and develop designs for an intuitive workflow that supports both general and administrative users. (iv) Application development. Based on final application design elements, interactive web-based maps will be iteratively developed and tested prior to implementation and deployment. The consultant may also be asked to create data visualizations to support formal report development. (v) Training activities. The consultant will prepare and deliver a training session supported by written training materials. (vi) Project management. The consultant will prepare monthly status reports and address other administrative activities required for successful and timely project completion. (vii) Post-deployment support. The consultant will present options for post- deployment support, including bug fixes and troubleshooting.

E. Output 5: Program Coordination Capacity for Urban Planning and Urban Development Strengthened

17. The consultant will provide support and training to the Standing Office of the National Committee, MCUD, ALAGaC, local government, and relevant agency or stakeholders to carry out coordinating functions for the HSDP, including but not limited to capacity building, training, workshops, knowledge exchanges, as well as necessary office equipment. The consultant will assess the current capacity of key agencies and will develop a training program that is linked to the TA outputs and will provide in-depth training on the methodology, tools, and latest knowledge for urban planning and development. The consultant will prepare survey questionnaires and training methodology and plan after 4 months from the start of services (to be included in the inception report) and in consultation with the TA executive and related agencies, decide on the training sessions, theme, and schedule. The consultant will use outputs 1–4 and relevant international examples as study cases and for on the job training. Each key TA output will be followed by a training and capacity building program to pedagogically explain the methodology, the scientific and technical tools, and the key international example. At the end of the training program, the consultant will prepare a training evaluation exercise including awards and rewards.

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F. Major Activities and Deliverables

18. The major outputs and activities are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1: Summary of Major Outputs and Activities Major Outputs Delivery Key Activities with Milestones Dates Output 1: Provincial development plans formulated 1.1 Inception report Apr 2019 Detailed work plan; data and information collection; territorial development analysis framework and methodology 1.2 First interim report Jul 2019 Current situation diagnostic; existing planning and policy frameworks; urban typology matrix 1.3 Second interim report Feb 2020 First aimag consultation; formulation of aimags’ development vision and strategic objectives; projections and development scenario; revised planning and policy frameworks 1.4 Draft final report Aug 2020 Second aimag consultation; coordination with JICA national and sectoral plan; draft DOAP for each aimag and subregional plans 1.5 Final report Nov 2020 Final DOAP for each aimag and subregional plans; one knowledge product Output 2: Integrated national strategy and policies for human settlement and territorial development completed 2.1 Draft inputs for consolidated Aug 2020 Coordination and integration of draft DOAP and findings national plan of JICA’s study 2.2 Final inputs for consolidated Nov 2020 Final delivery of integrated inputs for national and national plan sectoral development plan Output 3: Relevant laws and regulations developed 3.1 Inception report Apr 2019 Assessment and review of the current urban law; review of existing documents; review of relevant international best practice 3.2 Draft new law Jul 2019 First draft urban law; stakeholders’ consultation 3.3 Final law for parliament Oct 2019 Support for law presentation and ratification submission 3.4 Law implementation Aug 2020 Support for law implementation Output 4: Web-based mapping platform and provincial e-atlases completed 4.1 Application planning and data Apr 2019 Methodology; review and format data/information; preparation software selection; data/information collection; base map recommendation; consultations 4.2 Application design and Oct 2019 Database loading and configuration; interface prototype, development maps, indicator, filter and sector module selection; interactive maps and application features development; iterative testing; Consultations. 4.3 Final application design and Feb 2020 Final application development; workshop and draft e-atlases presentation to main stakeholders; preparation of e-atlases and paper atlases knowledge products 4.4 Training, management and Aug 2020 Training materials sessions; monthly status reports; final e-atlases troubleshooting Output 5: Program coordination capacity for urban planning and urban development strengthened 5.1 Inception report Apr 2019 Methodology, objectives, and training plan and schedule 5.2 Training sessions Aug 2020 Delivery of training session link to output activities 5.3 Training evaluation Nov 2020 Training evaluation and award DOAP = development-oriented aimag plan, JICA = Japan International Cooperation Agency. Source: Asian Development Bank. 9

19. The consultant will submit: (i) an inception report, 3 months after the start of the services, covering outputs 1, 3, 4, and 5; (ii) a first interim report, 6 months after the start of services, covering outputs 1.2, and 3.2; (iii) a Second interim report, 9 months after the start of the services, covering outputs 3.3 and 4.2; (iv) a third interim report, 13 months after the start of the services, covering outputs 1.3 and 4.3; (v) a draft final report, 19 months after the start of the services, covering outputs 1.4, 2.1, 3.4, 4.4, and 5.2; and (vi) final report, 23 months after the start of services, covering outputs 1.5, 2.2, and 5.3.

G. Consulting Services Requirement

20. Table 2 provides an indicative list of key experts to be considered for the TA. It summarizes the core expertise to be provided but is not exhaustive and other specialists can be added as necessary.

Table 2: Summary of Consulting Services Requirement International National Person- Positions Person-Months Months 1 Regional planner/ team leader 7.5 2 Regional planner/Deputy team leader 14.0 3 Local development specialist/urban economist 5.0 4 Local development and land management specialists 14.0 5 Private sector and SMEs development specialists 4.0 14.0 6 Infrastructure development specialists 3.5 6.5 7 Local finance and institution specialists 3.5 8.0 8 Social development specialists 4.0 10.0 9 Rural development specialists 3.0 10.0 10 Environment and green development specialists 3.0 10.0 11 Web-based mapping specialists 3.5 14.0 12 Lawyers 2.5 5.0 13 Office assistant/translator 15.0 14 Office manager 15.0 Total 39.5 135.5 SMEs = small and medium-sized enterprises. Source: Asian Development Bank.

21. For key experts:

Proposed position Required qualifications and experience (relevant to the Task Descriptions above) Regional planner/ team • Will guide, coordinate, and supervise activities and inputs from all team leader (international, members and take responsibility for outputs' quality and deliverables. 7.5 person-months) • At least a master’s degree in urban planning, regional planning, geography, local economic development or other relevant discipline. • 20 years of experience preferred in urban infrastructure development, including 15 years proven experience in urban and regional planning. • Specific experience in managing technical assistance for regional or urban planning as Team Leader. • Experience in leading development of urban sector policy and strategies for urban development, including issues in consultation with 10

Proposed position Required qualifications and experience (relevant to the Task Descriptions above) relevant government agencies to solutions, including issues related to legal and regulatory framework, in meeting urban development challenges on municipal levels. • Background to undertake policy dialogue with government agencies and local government and to undertake participatory approaches to development planning, financing, and sustainability. • Preferably with mapping skills and knowledge in mapping software. • Preferably with experience in Mongolia or Central Asia, low-density country, small towns development, and with ADB or donor- funded projects. • Excellent oral and written communication skills in English. Regional planner/ Deputy • Will support the team leader in guiding, coordinating, and supervising team leader (national, activities and inputs from all team members and take responsibility for 14 person-months) the quality of the outputs and deliverables. • Preferably with master’s degree in urban planning, regional planning, geography, local economic development, land management, or other relevant discipline. • 15 years of professional experience, including 10 years proven experience in urban and regional planning. • Relevant professional experience in urban and regional development, urban sector development issues, aimag development, or related areas of urban planning projects with strong focus on territorial development. • Preferably with mapping skills and knowledge in mapping software. • Specific experience in managing technical assistance as Team Leader or Deputy Team Leader. • Relevant experience with ADB or donor-funded projects. Local development • At least a master’s degree in geography, urban planning, regional specialist/urban economist science, economics, or other related discipline. (international, 5 person- • At least 15 years of professional experience, including 10 years proven months) experience in regional and urban planning and local development in developing countries. • Preferably with mapping skills and knowledge in mapping software. • Excellent oral and written communication skills in English. • Preferably with experience in Mongolia or Central Asia, low-density country, small towns development, and with ADB or donor- funded projects. Local development and • Preferably with master’s degree in geography, urban planning, regional land management science, economics, land management or other related discipline specialists (one or two • Preferably with 15 years of professional experience, including 10 years specialists; proven experience in regional and urban planning and local national,14 person- development in developing countries. months) • Preferably with mapping skills and knowledge in mapping software. • Relevant experience with ADB or donor-funded projects Private sector and SMEs • At least a master’s degree in economics, finance, business development specialist management, or other related discipline. (international, 4 person- • At least 15 years of professional experience, including 10 years proven months) experience in SME and private sector development, and local economic development in developing countries. Experience in agrobusiness SME would be a plus. • Excellent oral and written communication skill in English. • Preferable experience in Mongolia or Central Asia and with ADB/donor funded projects 11

Proposed position Required qualifications and experience (relevant to the Task Descriptions above) Private sector and SMEs • Preferably with master’s degree in economics, finance, business development specialists management or other related discipline (one or two specialists; • Preferably 15 years of professional experience, including 10 years’ national, 14 person- proven experience of experience in aimag economic development, months) SME and private sector development, and local economic development. Experience in agrobusiness SME would be an advantage. • Excellent oral and written communication skills in English. • Preferably with experience in Mongolia or Central Asia and with ADB or donor-funded projects. Infrastructure development • At least a master’s degree in civil engineering or other related specialist (international, discipline. 3.5 person-months) • At least 15 years of professional experience, including 10 years relevant professional experience in urban infrastructure programming, design, construction, and operation. • Civil engineering specialty should be complementary with the national consultant’s experience in order to cover key engineering disciplines such as water, wastewater, flood control, road, and energy. • Excellent oral and written communication skills in English. • Preferable experience in Mongolia, Central Asia, or cold climate country, and with ADB or donor-funded projects. Infrastructure development • Preferably with master’s degree in civil engineering or other related specialist (national, discipline. 6.5 person-months) • Preferably with 15 years of professional experience, including 10 years relevant professional experience in urban infrastructure programming, design, construction, and operation. • Civil engineering specialty should be complementary with the international consultant’s experience in order to cover key engineering disciplines such as water, wastewater, flood control, road, and energy. • Excellent oral and written communication skills in English. • Preferably with experience in Mongolia, Central Asia, or cold climate country, and with ADB or donor-funded projects. Local finance and • At least a master’s degree in finance or other related discipline. institution specialist • At least 15 years of professional experience, including 10 years proven (international, 3.5 person- experience in municipal and project finance in developing countries. months) • Excellent oral and written communication skills in English. • Preferably with experience in Mongolia or Central Asia and with ADB or donor-funded projects. Local finance and • Preferably with master’s degree in finance or other related discipline. institution specialist • Preferably with 15 years of professional experience, including 10 years (national, 8 person- proven experience in municipal and project finance of aimag. months) • Excellent oral and written communication skills in English. • Preferably with experience in Mongolia or Central Asia and with ADB or donor-funded projects. Social development • At least a master’s degree in social science or other related discipline. specialist (international, • At least 15 years of professional experience including 10 years proven 4 person-months) experience in social development, gender, poverty reduction, as well as proven background in community engagement communities. • Preferably with experience in Mongolia or Central Asia and with ADB or donor-funded projects. • Excellent oral and written communication skills in English. 12

Proposed position Required qualifications and experience (relevant to the Task Descriptions above) Social development • Preferably with master’s degree in social science or other related specialist (national, discipline. 10 person-months) • Preferably with 15 years of professional experience including 10 years proven experience in social development, gender, poverty reduction, as well as proven background in community engagement communities. • Preferably with experience in aimag and with ADB or donor-funded projects. • Excellent oral and written communication skill in English. Rural development • At least a master’s degree in agronomy, rural science, or other related specialist (international, discipline. 3 person-months) • At least 15 years of professional experience, including 10 years relevant professional experience in rural development, rural economy, agrobusiness development, urban–rural linkage. • Excellent oral and written communication skill in English. • Preferably with experience in Mongolia, Central Asia, or cold climate country, and with ADB or donor-funded projects. Rural development • Preferably with master’s degree in agronomy, rural science, or other specialist (national, related discipline. 10 person-months) • Preferably with 15 years of professional experience, including 10 years relevant professional experience in aimag rural development, rural economy, agrobusiness development, urban–rural linkage. • Excellent oral and written communication skills in English. • Preferably with experience in ADB or donor-funded projects. Environment and green • At least a master’s degree in environmental science or other related development specialist discipline. (international, 3 person- • At least 15 years of professional experience, including 10 years months) relevant professional experience in environmental impact assessment, green development, climate change impact and mitigation, natural resource preservation. • Excellent oral and written communication skills in English. • Preferably with experience in Mongolia, Central Asia, and with ADB or donor funded projects. Environment and green • Preferably with master’s degree in environmental science or other development specialists related discipline. (national, 10 person- • Preferably with 15 years of professional experience, including 10 years months) relevant professional experience in environmental impact assessment, green development, climate change impact and mitigation, natural resource preservation. • Excellent oral and written communication skills in English. • Preferably with experience with ADB or donor-funded projects. Web-based mapping • At least a master’s degree in cartography, mapping, GIS, or other specialist (international, related discipline. 3.5 person-months) • At least 15 years of professional experience, including 10 years relevant professional experience in GIS and web-based mapping. • Excellent oral and written communication skills in English. • Preferable experience in Mongolia, Central Asia, and with ADB or donor-funded projects. Web-based mapping • Preferably with master’s degree in cartography, mapping, GIS, or other specialists (possibly related discipline. 2 specialists, national, • Preferably with 10 years of professional experience in GIS and web- 14 person-months) based mapping. • Excellent oral and written communication skills in English. 13

Proposed position Required qualifications and experience (relevant to the Task Descriptions above) • Preferably with experience with ADB or donor-funded projects. Lawyer (international, • At least a master’s degree in law or other related discipline. 2.5 person-months) • At least 15 years of professional experience, including 10 years relevant professional experience in urban and regional planning law, with law drafting experience highly desired. • Excellent oral and written communication skills in English. • Preferably with experience in Mongolia, Central Asia, and with ADB or donor-funded projects. Lawyers (possibly two; • Preferably with master’s degree in law or other related discipline. national, 5 person-months) • Preferably with 15 years of professional experience, including 10 years relevant professional experience in urban and regional planning law, with law drafting experience highly desired. • Excellent oral and written communication skills in English. • Preferably with experience with ADB or donor-funded projects. ADB = Asian Development Bank, GIS = geographic information system, SME = small and medium-sized enterprise. Source: ADB.

22. For non-key experts:

Proposed position Required qualifications and experience Office assistant/translator • Bachelor’s degree in related discipline. (national, 15 person- • Preferably with 5 years of working experience in similar assignments months) or positions. • Excellent skills in working project management tools and software. Office manager (national, • Excellent oral and written communication skills in English. 15 person-months)