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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. Hie quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note wiQ indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Bel! & Howell information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 STUDIES ON THE CONTROL, BEHAVIOR AND MOLECULAR MARKERS OF THE TRACHEAL MITE (ACARAPIS WOODI [RENNIE]) OF HONEY BEES (HYMENOFTERA: APIDAE) DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University B y Diana Sammataro, B.S„ M. S. a |c % $ $ $ af: afe % ifc % $ The Ohio State University 1995 Dissertation Committee: pgpov G. R. Needham B. H. Smith P. G. Parker Advisor Department of Entomology (/£ ' l/S'-tQStexs'-------- UMI Number: 9612270 Copyright 1995 by Sammataro, Diana All rights reserved. UMI Microform 9612270 Copyright 1996r by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17* United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 C opyright by Diana Sammataro 1995 DEDICATION To my husband, P. Kim Flottum for his patience. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I express sincere appreciation to Dr. Glen R. Needham and Dr. Brian H. Smith, my co-advisors, for their help, insight and inspiration throughout this research. Thanks also go to the other members of my advisory committee, Dr. Patricia Parker as well as Dr. David L. Denlinger, the departmental chair, who offered encouragement, suggestions and comments. Gratitude is also extended to those faculty members in the Department of Entomology and elsewhere, who were particularly helpful including, but not limited to, Dr. Donald E. Johnston (1934-1994), Drs. W. Fred Hink, Richard W. Hall, John W. W enzel, D avid J. H orn, Dana L. W rensch, H arald E. F. Vaessin, Kirsten Bremer and John D. Briggs. Appreciation is also recognized to the staff of the Entomology Department, Dr. Holly Ferguson and Ms. Susan Cobey, as well as Ms. Rena L. Peters, Ms. Betty J. Hetrick and Ms. Linda D. Montano who made my life a little easier. Heather Bailey, Rob Day and Jos£ G. Diaz, staff in the Zoology Department, have been exceeding generous with their time in taking photos for me. Thanks also go to my fellow graduate students, including George D. Keeney, Seetha Bhagavan, Beverly Gerdeman, Sherry-Johnson, Keith Phillips and Jennifer Fain-Thornton for all their help and friendship. To Walter and Claire Rothenbuhler, my special thanks. Many acarology and beekeeping professionals shared invaluable experience and information, and I thank them all including Mr. Kerry Clark, Mr. Gordon Rudloff and staff at the USDA Honey Bee Laboratories throughout the United States, and participants in the Acarology Summer Programs at The Ohio State University. I was also reassured and solaced by Mrs. Dorothy D. and Dr. Susan O. Kennedy, Gwen and the Drs. John, Jeff and Leslie Nystuen who have helped me greatly throughout my life. For my genetic beekeeping tendencies, I would like to recognize my maternal grandfather (George Weber) and his two brothers, who introduced me to the bees at a tender age. My materal aunts, Mrs. Vera Campion and Paul and Lois LaRue, have been an ever-present guide since I was a younster. And last but not in the least are my parents, Nelva Weber Sammataro (1908-1991) and Joseph Michael Sammataro; you were always there for me. Thank you all. VITA April 13,1948 ...................................................... Born—New York City 1970 ...................................................................... B.S., U niversity of M ichigan, A nn A rbor, MI 1977 ...................................................................... M.S., University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 1977—1980 ...................................................... Peace Corps Volunteer, Honey Bee Specialist, Philippines. 1981— 1983 ....................................................... Research Assistant, USDA Honey Bee Research Lab., Madison, WI. 1985 .............................................................. Technical Lab Assistant, University of Connecticut, Waterbury, CT 1988— 1991 ................. ...................................... Bee Supply Sales Manager, The A.I. Root Co., Medina, OH 1991—present ..................................... Teaching/Research Associate, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH PUBLICATIONS Flottum, P.K. & D. Sammataro. 1988. The New Starting Right with Bees. The A.I. Root Co., Medina OH. Robacker, D.C., P.K. Flottum, D. Sammataro & E.H. Erickson, Jr. 1983. Effects of climatic and edaphic factors on soybean flowers and on the subsequent attractiveness of the plants to honey bees. Field Crops Res. 6: 267-78. Sammataro, D. & A. Avitabile. 1978. Beekeepers Handbook. Peach Mt. Press, Charlevoix, MI. Revised 2nd ed. Ch. Scribner's Sons, NYC, 1986. v Sammataro, D, & G.R, Needham. 1995. Host-seeking behaviour of tracheal mites (Acari: Tarsonemidae) on honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). J. Experimental & Applied Acarology. In press. Sammataro, D. & R. Smith. 1994. Dissecting mites using the tracheal pull method. Video. Vesta Video Productions. Sammataro, D. & R. Smith. 1995. Host-seeking behavior of tracheal mites on honey bees. Video. Vesta Video Productions. Sammataro, D. Chapter 8; Insects: Diptera (Flies). 1994. For 3rd edition of R.A. Morse, ed. Honeybee Pests, Predators and Diseases. The A.I. Root Co., Medina OH. In press. Sammataro, D„ E.H. Erickson, Jr. & M.B. Garment. 1983. Intervarietal structural differences of sunflower ( Helianthus spp.) florets and their importance to honey bee visitation. Proceedings Sunflower Research Workshop, Minot, ND. Sammataro, D., E.H. Erickson, Jr. & M.B. Garment. 1985. Ultrastructure of the sunflower (Helianthus) nectary. ]. Apicultural Research 24(3): 150- 160. Sammataro, D., P. Parker, & G. R. Needham. In press. Using PCR-based RAPDs (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) to determine differences in tracheal mite Acarapis woodi (Rennie) (Acari: Tarsonemidae) populations. Proceedings IX International Congress of Acarology, 1994; Columbus, OH, Sammataro, D., P.K. Flottum & E.H. Erickson. 1984. Factors contributing to honey bee preferences in sunflower varieties. Proceedings Sunflower Research Workshop. Bismark, ND. Sammataro, D., S. Cobey, B.H. Smith & G.R. Needham. 1994. Controlling tracheal mites (Acari: Tarsonemidae) in honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) with vegetable oil. /. Economic Entomology 57(4): 910-916 Sammataro, Dv S. Cobey, B.H. Smith & G.R. Needham. In press. Vegetable- Shortening Patties Control Tracheal Mites (Acari: Tarsonemidae) in Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Proceedings IX International Congress of Acarology, 1994; Columbus, OH, BEE CULTURE Articles by D. Sammataro 1979 Sept. Vol. 114, pp. 458-9: Beekeeping in the Philippines. 1986 May pp. 251-253: Landscaping for home and hive; Aug. pp. 422: Landscaping for home and hive, II; Sept. pp. 461-2: Collecting Honey Bee Stamps; Nov. p. 584: Early Winters: Antique Equipment. 1987 Jan. Vol. 115, pp. 42: Bee Flora: The Milkweeds. 1988 March Vol. 116, pp. 139-141: Apiphilately; Dec. pp. 700-1,709,722: Research Review. 1989 Jan. Vol. 117, pp. 10-15,54: May the Forest Be With You; Wax Flowers (20-21); Feb. pp. 108-11: Package Primer (w / K. Flottum); March pp. 160- 163: Package Primer II; April pp. 226-7: Package Primer III; May pp. 297, 303: Raising Waxies; July pp. 406-7: Duct Tales, (w / K. Flottum); Aug. pp. 477-479: Simply Wax; Sept. pp. 532-3: Making Molded Candles. 1990 Jan. Vol. 118, pp. 20-6: Deserts, Droughts and the Drying of the American West; April pp. 220-22: Ukrainian Easter; Tracking Tracheal Mites (206-8); May pp. 284-6: Long Live the Queen; Aug. p. 493: Stamps in the News; Oct. pp. 596-9: Making Craftwax and Foundation Candles; Nov. pp. 663-5: Honey Candy. 1991 Jan. Vol. 119, pp. 32-38: Erosion. 1992 July Vol. 120, pp. 393,396-400: Conducting a honey bee emergency demonstration (made into a video). 1993 July Vol. 121, pp. 393-5: Perfect rounds. 1994 Jan. Vol. 122, pp. 30-39: Races. w/PK Flottum 1995 Feb. Vol. 123, pp. 80-81: 9th International Congress of Acarology: A honey bee mite round table, w / E. Sugden & K. Williams American Bee Journal Articles Sammataro, D. etal. Why Soybeans Attract Honey Bees. Vol. 122 (7): 481, 1982. Sammataro, D. Beekeeping in Developing Countries.
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