DOCSLIB.ORG

Anthoxanthum Nitens (Weber) Y

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Scientific Name: Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y. Schouten & Veldkamp Family: Poaceae Common Names: sweetgrass, vanilla grass, holy grass tall, with leafy shoots; blades 2 to 20 cm long, flat to rolled, tapering to a blunt point, dark green; slightly roughened to smooth and shiny beneath, smooth and slightly roughened above; veins prominent on both sides and white mid-vein below; margins roughened; rolled at emergence; sheaths round, split, often purplish at base (Tannas 2004). Fruit/Seed: Three flowered, the terminal floret perfect, the others are staminate or neutral; staminate lemma awnless, firm, brown, boat shaped, hairy (Moss 1983). Habitat and Distribution Habitat: Wet meadows, around sloughs in fescue and montane grassland (Tannas 1997). Moist to dry, open areas (Moss 1983). Seral stage: Is usually found in mid-successional communities. It can tolerate some disturbance (Rook 2000). Soils: Moist, sandy to heavy clay soils (Walsh 1994). Saline tolerant (Walsh 1994). Distribution: Circumpolar: Alaska, Yukon, District of Mackenzie to Hudson Bay, northern Quebec, Newfoundland south to Oregon, Nevada, Arizona, South Dakota, Great Lakes (Moss 1983). Phenology Flowers form from May to June and the seed is ripe July to early August (Walsh 1994). Anthoxanthum nitens rhizome Pollination (1) blade, (2) flowering culm, Wind pollination (NANPS 2003). (3) pistillate flower, (4) and staminate flower (5). Seed Dispersal Plant Description Wind, water and on animal fur (Queensland Perennial, sweet, vanilla-smelling grass with flat Government 2013). leaves, extensive rhizomes and small, bronze-colored spikelets (Moss 1983). Culms tufted, 10 to 40 cm Genetics Storage: Store dry at room temperature (Smreciu et 2n=28, 42, 56 (Moss 1983). al. 2002). Longevity: Seed maintains viability up to three years Symbiosis (Smreciu et al. 2002). No literature found. Propagation Seed Processing Natural Regeneration: Can produce by seed or Collection: Sweetgrass inconsistently produces seeds. rhizomes (vegetative). New plants are commonly Seeds can be collected in summer by hand picking produced vegetatively as many seeds are non-viable (Winslow 2001). (Rook 2000). Pre-treatment: None required (Smreciu et al. 2002). Anthoxanthum nitens requires a period of cold temperatures before it will germinate from seed (Stevens and Winslow 2010). Royal Botanic Garden Kew (2008) stratified the seed at 6°C for 8 weeks. Vegetative Propagation: Most successful method is by the division of rhizomes (Rook 2000). Germination: Seed germination tests have averaged 25% to 30%. 100% germination with pre-treatments when germinated on a 1% agar media for 2 weeks at temperatures of 23/9°C (12 hrs day / 12 hours night) (Royal Botanic Gardens Kew 2008). Plant late fall, late winter, or early spring while keeping seeds moist until seedling emergence, in about 10 to 14 days (Stevens and Winslow 2010). Seedlings grew and survived well in a greenhouse trial (Smreciu et al. 2002). Anthoxanthum nitens seed head Seed weight: 0.41 g/1,000 seeds (Stevens and Winslow 2010). 0.8 to 1.2 g/1,000 seeds (Smreciu et al. 2002). Harvest Dates: Late June to early August (Walsh 1994). Cleaning: Dry seed before crushing. Use blowers or screens to remove chaff from seeds (Smreciu et al. Anthoxanthum nitens seeds 2002). processing and storage of food products (Grigonis et Aboriginal/Food Uses al. 2004). Food: Seeds are edible though they were not used as food. Essential oils from the leaves were used as a Notes vanilla flavor additive in candy and drinks Synonyms include Hierochloe odorata (ITIS n.d.). (MacKinnon et al. 2009). Medicinal: Made into medicinal tea for treatment of Photo Credits coughs, sore throat, fever, venereal infection, chafing, Photo 1: Prairie Moon Nursery 2011. windburn, internal pains and sore eyes. Also used to Photo 2: Project Runeberg 2009. Wikimedia stop vaginal bleeding and help with childbirth. Commons. Smoke was also inhaled for cold relief (MacKinnon Photo 3: Wild Rose Consulting, Inc. 2010 et al. 2009). Line Drawing: Carl Lindman, Carl Axel Magnus Other: Sweetgrass is a very important plant to the Lindman @ Wikimedia commons 2013 First Nations people in Canada. It is commonly braided and burned as incense; used in ceremonies to References cleanse and purify people as well as to bring Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2012. blessings and protection. Chewed to increase Hierochloë odorata (L.) (Beauv. Sweet Grass). endurance during ceremonial fasting. Used to IN: Canadian Medicinal Crops. National Research perfume clothing, repel insects and leaves soaked in Council, Ottawa, Ontario. water made a sweet hair rinse (MacKinnon et al. http://www4.agr.gc.ca/AAFC-AAC/display- 2009). Grass blades were also used for making afficher.do?id=1300912084291&lang=eng [Last baskets, mats and sewing material (MacKinnon et al. accessed June 12, 2013]. 2009). ANPC (Alberta Native Plant Council), 2010. Native Wildlife/Forage Usage Plant Source List. Wildlife: Less palatable than other grasses because it http://www.anpc.ab.ca/assets/ANPC_2010_Native_Pl contains a chemical called coumarin, which causes ant_Source_List.pdf [Last accessed June 14, 2013]. the grass to have a bitter flavor to grazing animals (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 2012). Grigonis, D., P.R Venskutonis, B. Sivik, M. Sandahl Livestock: Has good forage value (Tannas 2001). and C.S Eskilsson, 2004. Comparison of different Grazing Response: Increaser (Wroe et al. 2003). extraction techniques for isolation of antioxidants from sweet grass (Hierochloë odorata). The Journal Reclamation Potential Of Supercritical Fluids 33: 223-233. Deep vigorous rhizomes make it useful as erosion control and slope stabilizer (Walsh 1994). ITIS (International Taxonomic Information System), n.d. Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y. Schouten & Commercial Resources Veldkamp. IN: Integrated taxonomic information Availability: Are available in Alberta Nurseries system on-line database. (ANPC 2010). http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?sear Uses: Medicinal plant (Agriculture and Agri-Food ch_topic=TSN&search_value=508923 [Last Canada 2012). accessed June 14, 2013]. http://www.itis.gov Contains a strong anti-oxicidents that can be used to prevent the breakdown of lipids in commercial Mackinnon, A., L. Kershaw, J.T. Aranason, P. Owen, A. Karst and F Hamersley, 2009. Edible and Medicinal Plants of Canada. Lone Pine Publishing, Tannas, K.E., 2001. Common plants of the western Edmonton, Alberta. 417 pp. rangelands – Volume 1: Grasses and Grass-Like Species. Olds College, Olds, Alberta and Alberta Moss, E.H., 1983. Flora of Alberta. A manual of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, flowering plants, conifers, ferns, and fern allies found Edmonton Alberta. 355 pp. growing without cultivation in the province of Alberta, Canada. 2nd edition. University of Toronto USDA NRCS, n.d. Hierochloe odorata (L.) P. Press, Toronto Ontario. p. 94. Beauv. Sweetgrass. IN: The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. NANPS (North American Native Plant Society). http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HIOD 2003. Sweetgrass Hierochloe odorata. [Last accessed May 15, 2013]. http://www.nanps.org/pdfs/easy2growfront.pdf [Last accessed June 12, 2013]. Walsh, R.A., 1994. Hierochloe odorata. IN: Fischer, W.C. (compiler). The fire effects Queensland Government, 2013. Sweet vernal grass information system. United States Department of Anthoxanthum odoratum. IN: Weeds of Austrailia: Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Biosecurity edition. Station, Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory, http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/0303080 Missoula, Montana. 0-0b07-490a-8d04- http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/graminoid/h 0605030c0f01/media/Html/Anthoxanthum_odoratum ieodo/introductory.html [Accessed September 15, .htm#Naturalised Distribution [Last accessed July 2010]. 17, 2013]. Winslow, S., 2001. Propagation protocol for Rook, E.J.S., 2000. Hierochloe odorata Sweetgrass production of field-grown Hierochloe odorata (L.) IN: Plants of the North. Beauv. USDA NRCS - Bridger Plant Materials http://www.rook.org/earl/bwca/nature/grass/hierochlo Center, Bridger, Montana. IN: Native Plant e.html [Last accessed June 14, 2013]. Network, University of Idaho, College of Natural http://www.rook.org/earl/bwca/nature/flora.html Resources, Forest Research Nursery, Moscow, Idaho. http://www.nativeplantnetwork.org/Network Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, 2008. Seed /ViewProtocols.aspx?ProtocolID=436 [Last accessed Information Database. June 12, 2013]. http://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=& Family=&APG=off&Genus=Anthoxanthum&Specie Wroe, R.A., S. Smoliak and G.W. Wheeler, 2003. s=nitens&StorBehav=0 [Last accessed June 14, Alberta range plants and their classification. Alberta 2013]. Agriculture and Rural Development, Edmonton, Alberta. AGDEX 134/6. 5 pp. Smreciu, A., R. Yakimchuk, R.S. Currah and http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.n M. Fung, 2002. Evaluation of native sand dune sf/all/agdex146/$file/3400600.pdf?OpenElement plants for revegetation of oil sand tailings. Prepared [Accessed August 16, 2010]. for Syncrude Canada Ltd. 49 pp. .
Recommended publications
  • Improved Conservation Plant Materials Released by NRCS and Cooperators Through December 2014

    Improved Conservation Plant Materials Released by NRCS and Cooperators Through December 2014

    Natural Resources Conservation Service Improved Conservation Plant Materials Released by Plant Materials Program NRCS and Cooperators through December 2014 Page intentionally left blank. Natural Resources Conservation Service Plant Materials Program Improved Conservation Plant Materials Released by NRCS and Cooperators Through December 2014 Norman A. Berg Plant Materials Center 8791 Beaver Dam Road Building 509, BARC-East Beltsville, Maryland 20705 U.S.A. Phone: (301) 504-8175 prepared by: Julie A. DePue Data Manager/Secretary [email protected] John M. Englert Plant Materials Program Leader [email protected] January 2015 Visit our Website: http://Plant-Materials.nrcs.usda.gov TABLE OF CONTENTS Topics Page Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Types of Plant Materials Releases ........................................................................................................................2 Sources of Plant Materials ....................................................................................................................................3 NRCS Conservation Plants Released in 2013 and 2014 .......................................................................................4 Complete Listing of Conservation Plants Released through December 2014 ......................................................6 Grasses ......................................................................................................................................................8
  • Notes on Grasses (Poaceae) in Hawai‘I: 2

    Notes on Grasses (Poaceae) in Hawai‘I: 2

    Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2009 –2010. Edited by Neal L. Evenhuis & Lucius G. Eldredge. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 110: 17 –22 (2011) Notes on grasses (Poaceae ) in Hawai‘i : 31. neil snoW (Hawaii Biological survey, Bishop museum, 1525 Bernice street, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, 96817-2704, Usa; email: [email protected] ) & G errit DaViDse (missouri Botanical Garden, P.o. Box 299, st. louis, missouri 63166-0299, Usa; email: [email protected] ) additional new records for the grass family (Poaceae) are reported for Hawai‘i, including five state records, three island records, one corrected island report, and one cultivated species showing signs of naturalization. We also point out minor oversights in need of cor - rection in the Flora of North America Vol. 25 regarding an illustration of the spikelet for Paspalum unispicatum . Herbarium acronyms follow thiers (2010). all cited specimens are housed at the Herbarium Pacificum (BisH) apart from one cited from the missouri Botanical Garden (mo) for Paspalum mandiocanum, and another from the University of Hawai‘i at mānoa (HaW) for Leptochloa dubia . Anthoxanthum odoratum l. New island record this perennial species, which is known by the common name vernalgrass, occurs natu - rally in southern europe but has become widespread elsewhere (allred & Barkworth 2007). of potential concern in Hawai‘i is the aggressive weedy tendency the species has shown along the coast of British columbia, canada, where it is said to be rapidly invad - ing moss-covered bedrock of coastal bluffs, evidently to the exclusion of native species (allred & Barkworth 2007). the species has been recorded previously on kaua‘i, moloka‘i, maui, and Hawai‘i (imada 2008).
  • FLORA from FĂRĂGĂU AREA (MUREŞ COUNTY) AS POTENTIAL SOURCE of MEDICINAL PLANTS Silvia OROIAN1*, Mihaela SĂMĂRGHIŢAN2

    FLORA from FĂRĂGĂU AREA (MUREŞ COUNTY) AS POTENTIAL SOURCE of MEDICINAL PLANTS Silvia OROIAN1*, Mihaela SĂMĂRGHIŢAN2

    ISSN: 2601 – 6141, ISSN-L: 2601 – 6141 Acta Biologica Marisiensis 2018, 1(1): 60-70 ORIGINAL PAPER FLORA FROM FĂRĂGĂU AREA (MUREŞ COUNTY) AS POTENTIAL SOURCE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS Silvia OROIAN1*, Mihaela SĂMĂRGHIŢAN2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Romania 2Mureş County Museum, Department of Natural Sciences, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania *Correspondence: Silvia OROIAN [email protected] Received: 2 July 2018; Accepted: 9 July 2018; Published: 15 July 2018 Abstract The aim of this study was to identify a potential source of medicinal plant from Transylvanian Plain. Also, the paper provides information about the hayfields floral richness, a great scientific value for Romania and Europe. The study of the flora was carried out in several stages: 2005-2008, 2013, 2017-2018. In the studied area, 397 taxa were identified, distributed in 82 families with therapeutic potential, represented by 164 medical taxa, 37 of them being in the European Pharmacopoeia 8.5. The study reveals that most plants contain: volatile oils (13.41%), tannins (12.19%), flavonoids (9.75%), mucilages (8.53%) etc. This plants can be used in the treatment of various human disorders: disorders of the digestive system, respiratory system, skin disorders, muscular and skeletal systems, genitourinary system, in gynaecological disorders, cardiovascular, and central nervous sistem disorders. In the study plants protected by law at European and national level were identified: Echium maculatum, Cephalaria radiata, Crambe tataria, Narcissus poeticus ssp. radiiflorus, Salvia nutans, Iris aphylla, Orchis morio, Orchis tridentata, Adonis vernalis, Dictamnus albus, Hammarbya paludosa etc. Keywords: Fărăgău, medicinal plants, human disease, Mureş County 1.
  • Chapter Vii Table of Contents

    Chapter Vii Table of Contents

    CHAPTER VII TABLE OF CONTENTS VII. APPENDICES AND REFERENCES CITED........................................................................1 Appendix 1: Description of Vegetation Databases......................................................................1 Appendix 2: Suggested Stocking Levels......................................................................................8 Appendix 3: Known Plants of the Desolation Watershed.........................................................15 Literature Cited............................................................................................................................25 CHAPTER VII - APPENDICES & REFERENCES - DESOLATION ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS i VII. APPENDICES AND REFERENCES CITED Appendix 1: Description of Vegetation Databases Vegetation data for the Desolation ecosystem analysis was stored in three different databases. This document serves as a data dictionary for the existing vegetation, historical vegetation, and potential natural vegetation databases, as described below: • Interpretation of aerial photography acquired in 1995, 1996, and 1997 was used to characterize existing (current) conditions. The 1996 and 1997 photography was obtained after cessation of the Bull and Summit wildfires in order to characterize post-fire conditions. The database name is: 97veg. • Interpretation of late-1930s and early-1940s photography was used to characterize historical conditions. The database name is: 39veg. • The potential natural vegetation was determined for each polygon in the analysis
  • Report of a Working Group on Forages: Eighth Meeting

    Report of a Working Group on Forages: Eighth Meeting

    European Cooperative Programme for Crop Genetic 2525 Report of a Working Resources Networks ECP GR Group on Forages Eighth Meeting, 10 –12 April 2003, Linz, Austria B. Boller, E. Willner, L. Maggioni and E. Lipman, compilers <www.futureharvest.org> IPGRI is a Future Harvest Centre supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) European Cooperative Programme for Crop Genetic 2525 Report of a Working Resources Networks ECP GR Group on Forages Eighth Meeting, 10 –12 April 2003, Linz, Austria B. Boller, E. Willner, L. Maggioni and E. Lipman, compilers ii REPORT OF A WORKING GROUP ON FORAGES: EIGHTH MEETING The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) is an independent international scientific organization that seeks to improve the well-being of present and future generations of people by enhancing conservation and the deployment of agricultural biodiversity on farms and in forests. It is one of 15 Future Harvest Centres supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), an association of public and private members who support efforts to mobilize cutting-edge science to reduce hunger and poverty, improve human nutrition and health, and protect the environment. IPGRI has its headquarters in Maccarese, near Rome, Italy, with offices in more than 20 other countries worldwide. The Institute operates through four programmes: Diversity for Livelihoods, Understanding and Managing Biodiversity, Global Partnerships, and Improving Livelihoods in Commodity-based Systems.
  • Wabanaki Access to Sweetgrass (Hierochloe Odorata)

    Wabanaki Access to Sweetgrass (Hierochloe Odorata)

    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library Winter 12-16-2016 Wabanaki Access to Sweetgrass (Hierochloe odorata) within Coastal Maine's Diminishing Open Land Tradition Amanda Marie Ellis University of Maine, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Cultural History Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Legal Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Ellis, Amanda Marie, "Wabanaki Access to Sweetgrass (Hierochloe odorata) within Coastal Maine's Diminishing Open Land Tradition" (2016). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2531. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/2531 This Open-Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WABANAKI ACCESS TO SWEETGRASS HIEROCHLOE ODORATA (L) P.Beauv WITHIN COASTAL MAINE’S DIMINISHING OPEN LAND TRADITION By Amanda Marie Ellis B.A. University of Maine, 2010 MELP Vermont Law School, 2012 A DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (in Forest Resources) The Graduate School The University of Maine December 2016 Advisory Committee: John Daigle, Professor of Forest Recreation Management, Advisor Sandra De Urioste-Stone, Assistant Professor of Nature-based Tourism Marla Emery, Research Geographer United States Department of Agriculture: Forest Service Cynthia Isenhour, Assistant Professor of Anthropology Darren Ranco, Associate Professor of Anthropology; Chair of Native American Programs and Director of Native American Research DISSERTATION ACCEPTANCE STATEMENT On behalf of the Graduate Committee for Amanda Ellis I affirm that this manuscript is the final and accepted dissertation.
  • On the Origin of Tetraploid Vernal Grasses (Anthoxanthum) in Europe

    On the Origin of Tetraploid Vernal Grasses (Anthoxanthum) in Europe

    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article On the Origin of Tetraploid Vernal Grasses (Anthoxanthum) in Europe Zuzana Chumová 1,2,* , Terezie Mandáková 3,4 and Pavel Trávníˇcek 1 1 Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, CZ-242 53 Pr ˚uhonice,Czech Republic; [email protected] 2 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 00 Prague, Czech Republic 3 CEITEC, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; [email protected] 4 Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Polyploidy has played a crucial role in the evolution of many plant taxa, namely in higher latitudinal zones. Surprisingly, after several decades of an intensive research on polyploids, there are still common polyploid species whose evolutionary history is virtually unknown. Here, we addressed the origin of sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) using flow cytometry, DNA sequencing, and in situ hybridization-based cytogenetic techniques. An allotetraploid and polytopic origin of the species has been verified. The chromosome study reveals an extensive variation between the European populations. In contrast, an autopolyploid origin of the rarer tetraploid vernal grass species, A. alpinum, has been corroborated. Diploid A. alpinum played an essential role in the polyploidization of both European tetraploids studied. Keywords: FISH; flow cytometry; GBSSI; genome size; GISH; Poaceae; polyploidy Citation: Chumová, Z.; Mandáková, T.; Trávníˇcek,P. On the Origin of Tetraploid Vernal Grasses 1. Introduction (Anthoxanthum) in Europe. Genes Anthoxanthum L., the vernal grass, is a genus of the family Poaceae, comprising annual 2021, 12, 966.
  • HAWAII and SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION - 2016 NWPL FINAL RATINGS U.S

    HAWAII and SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION - 2016 NWPL FINAL RATINGS U.S

    HAWAII and SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION - 2016 NWPL FINAL RATINGS U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LABORATORY (CRREL) - 2013 Ratings Lichvar, R.W. 2016. The National Wetland Plant List: 2016 wetland ratings. User Notes: 1) Plant species not listed are considered UPL for wetland delineation purposes. 2) A few UPL species are listed because they are rated FACU or wetter in at least one Corps region. Scientific Name Common Name Hawaii Status South Pacific Agrostis canina FACU Velvet Bent Islands Status Agrostis capillaris UPL Colonial Bent Abelmoschus moschatus FAC Musk Okra Agrostis exarata FACW Spiked Bent Abildgaardia ovata FACW Flat-Spike Sedge Agrostis hyemalis FAC Winter Bent Abrus precatorius FAC UPL Rosary-Pea Agrostis sandwicensis FACU Hawaii Bent Abutilon auritum FACU Asian Agrostis stolonifera FACU Spreading Bent Indian-Mallow Ailanthus altissima FACU Tree-of-Heaven Abutilon indicum FAC FACU Monkeybush Aira caryophyllea FACU Common Acacia confusa FACU Small Philippine Silver-Hair Grass Wattle Albizia lebbeck FACU Woman's-Tongue Acaena exigua OBL Liliwai Aleurites moluccanus FACU Indian-Walnut Acalypha amentacea FACU Alocasia cucullata FACU Chinese Taro Match-Me-If-You-Can Alocasia macrorrhizos FAC Giant Taro Acalypha poiretii UPL Poiret's Alpinia purpurata FACU Red-Ginger Copperleaf Alpinia zerumbet FACU Shellplant Acanthocereus tetragonus UPL Triangle Cactus Alternanthera ficoidea FACU Sanguinaria Achillea millefolium UPL Common Yarrow Alternanthera sessilis FAC FACW Sessile Joyweed Achyranthes
  • Spirit Germplasm Selected Class Sweetgrass Spirit Germplasm Is a Selected Class, Regions of North America

    Spirit Germplasm Selected Class Sweetgrass Spirit Germplasm Is a Selected Class, Regions of North America

    Spirit Germplasm Selected Class Sweetgrass Spirit germplasm is a selected class, regions of North America. It is con- vegetative release of sweetgrass Hiero- sidered a facultative wetland species chloe odorata (L.) Beauv. The vegetative in the lower 48 states, a facultative propagules were originally collected in upland species in Alaska, and is listed 1991 in the Sweetgrass Hills of Toole as an endangered species in Maryland, County, Montana. The site elevation is North Carolina, and Pennsylvania. Approximate area 3,700 ft. (1,128 m), soil texture is silty of adaptation for Sweetgrass is a very early flowering, clay loam, and annual precipitation is 15 Spirit Germplasm mid-seral species that grows in mixed to 19 in. (382 to 485 mm). This release Sweetgrass plant communities of wet meadows was tested at the Bridger PMC in com- and in the transition zones of low, moist parison to ‘Radora,' a commercial release from South Dakota, communities along streams and rivers. It survives under a fairly and collections from Colorado, Kansas, Michigan, Montana, wide range of environmental conditions and prefers medium- to and North Dakota. It was found to be superior in survival, num- coarse-textured soils with 20% to 30% soil moisture content, a ber of tillers produced, spread rate, leaf length, and biomass depth to water table of 6 to 11 in. (14 to 28 cm), mostly full light production. The accepted propagation method of this species conditions, and grows best with limited competition from other is asexual (vegetative), as it has very poor seed set. species. In Montana, it has been found at elevations as low as 3,600 ft.
  • Literature Cited Robert W. Kiger, Editor This Is a Consolidated List Of

    Literature Cited Robert W. Kiger, Editor This Is a Consolidated List Of

    RWKiger 26 Jul 18 Literature Cited Robert W. Kiger, Editor This is a consolidated list of all works cited in volumes 24 and 25. In citations of articles, the titles of serials are rendered in the forms recommended in G. D. R. Bridson and E. R. Smith (1991). When those forms are abbreviated, as most are, cross references to the corresponding full serial titles are interpolated here alphabetically by abbreviated form. Two or more works published in the same year by the same author or group of coauthors will be distinguished uniquely and consistently throughout all volumes of Flora of North America by lower-case letters (b, c, d, ...) suffixed to the date for the second and subsequent works in the set. The suffixes are assigned in order of editorial encounter and do not reflect chronological sequence of publication. The first work by any particular author or group from any given year carries the implicit date suffix "a"; thus, the sequence of explicit suffixes begins with "b". Works missing from any suffixed sequence here are ones cited elsewhere in the Flora that are not pertinent in these volumes. Aares, E., M. Nurminiemi, and C. Brochmann. 2000. Incongruent phylogeographies in spite of similar morphology, ecology, and distribution: Phippsia algida and P. concinna (Poaceae) in the North Atlantic region. Pl. Syst. Evol. 220: 241–261. Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. = Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft. Acta Biol. Cracov., Ser. Bot. = Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Acta Horti Bot. Prag. = Acta Horti Botanici Pragensis. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. = Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica. [Shokubutsu Bunrui Chiri.] Acta Phytotax.
  • Distribution of the Native Grasses of California

    Distribution of the Native Grasses of California

    HILGARDIA A Journal of Agricultural Science Published by the California Agricultural Experiment Station VOLUME 17 APRIL, 1947 NUMBER 9 CONTENTS DISTRIBUTION OF THE NATIVE GRASSES OF CALIFORNIA ALAN A. BEETLE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA • BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA HILGARDIA A Journal of Agricultural Science Published by the California Agricultural Experiment Station VOL. 17 APRIL, 1947 NO. 9 DISTRIBUTION OF THE NATIVE GRASSES OF CALIFORNIA1 ALAN A. BEETLE2 THE grasses, supplemented by certain legumes, form the principal basis for range wealth. The natural forage value of the Gramineae as a whole makes an intensive study of their characteristics important, for the broader the knowledge concerning them the more readily may any problem be met. The following paper presents a picture of the current distributions of grasses in California, together with evidences of their floral origins by migration from other regions. Vegetation has many characteristics which are not always apparent at first glance. For instance, certain elements of the vegetation are native in their location, some are native elsewhere and have only recently been introduced. Some are old species often representative of a primitive condition in their genus, still others appear to be recently evolved. Some of the migrants arrived in California from the north during glacial periods, some crossed the ocean, and others came from the south during interglacial periods. Some plants are distributionally restricted for a number of reasons, including: (1) specialization as to habitat or environmental repression, as the species of vernal pools; (2) recent origin (plants sometimes referred to as neoendemics or initiates), as the endemic varieties of Distichlis spicata; (3) ancient origin (paleoendemics or relics); and (4) genotypic specialization (genetic endemics).
  • Pollen Morphology of Poaceae (Poales) in the Azores, Portugal

    Pollen Morphology of Poaceae (Poales) in the Azores, Portugal

    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/283696832 Pollen morphology of Poaceae (Poales) in the Azores, Portugal ARTICLE in GRANA · OCTOBER 2015 Impact Factor: 1.06 · DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2015.1096301 READS 33 4 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Vania Gonçalves-Esteves Maria A. Ventura Federal University of Rio de Janeiro University of the Azores 86 PUBLICATIONS 141 CITATIONS 43 PUBLICATIONS 44 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, Available from: Maria A. Ventura letting you access and read them immediately. Retrieved on: 10 December 2015 Grana ISSN: 0017-3134 (Print) 1651-2049 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/sgra20 Pollen morphology of Poaceae (Poales) in the Azores, Portugal Leila Nunes Morgado, Vania Gonçalves-Esteves, Roberto Resendes & Maria Anunciação Mateus Ventura To cite this article: Leila Nunes Morgado, Vania Gonçalves-Esteves, Roberto Resendes & Maria Anunciação Mateus Ventura (2015) Pollen morphology of Poaceae (Poales) in the Azores, Portugal, Grana, 54:4, 282-293, DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2015.1096301 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2015.1096301 Published online: 04 Nov 2015. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 13 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=sgra20 Download by: [b-on: Biblioteca do conhecimento