/SECURITY, TRADE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

A US/European Union Transatlantic Agenda

edited by

Charles Bonser Indiana University

KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS Boston / Dordrecht / London TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD: BACKGROUND OF PROJECT xi Charles F. Bonser, Editor Dean Emeritus School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana University, Bloomington

SECTION I: INTERNATIONAL SECURITY ISSUES FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE UNITED STATES

Introduction 3 Charles F. Bonser

U.S./European Security Policy for the 21s' Century 23 Senator Richard G. Lugar United States Senator from Indiana

Defining the New World Order 37 Lawrence Korb Vice President, Council on Foreign Relations New York, New York

The U.SJEuropean Security Agenda in the New Millenium 43 Gilles Andreani Director, Center for Analysis and Forecasting Ministry of Foreign Affairs Paris, France vi Security, Trade, and Environmental Policy

NATO in Transition 49 Lt. General Thomas M. Montgomery U.S. Military Representative to the NATO Military Committee (1994-1998) Brussels, Belgium

The EU/WEU Role in European Security 55 Guido Lenzi, Director Institute for Security Studies, Western European Union (WEU) Brussels, Belgium

Challenges for Europe in the New Century: A German Perspective 59 Colonel Jens Zimmerman Federal Ministry of Defense Bonn, Germany

Dimensions of Change in the Post-Cold War World 63 Ambassador Marshall Brement Chair of Security Studies, George C. Marshall Center Garmish, Germany

Non-Military Threats to the Alliance 73 Eric Danon Former Deputy Director for Security Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Paris, France

The Changing World Paradigm and the U.SJEuropean Agenda 11 Immo Stabreit German Ambassador to France Paris, France

Assumptions About the U.S., the EU, NATO, and their Impact on the Transatlantic Agenda 81 Stanley Sloan Senior Specialist, Congressional Research Service, U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Transatlantic Relations in the New Century 87 Senator Xavier de Villepin President, Senate Commission on Foreign Affairs, Defense and Armed Forces Paris, France CONTENTS vii

Strengthening the Transatlantic Dialog 93 Senator Paul Girod Vice President Senate Paris, France

SECTION II: THE NEXT GENERATION OF U.S./EU WORLD TRADE POLICY

Introduction 99 Charles F. Bonser

The Future of World Politics of Commerce 111 Ambassador Jean-Daniel Tordjman Ambassador at Large, Special Representative of France for International Investment Paris, France

The Next Generation of World Trade Policy Development 119 Geza Feketekuty Director, Center for Trade Commercial Diplomacy, Monterey Institute of International Studies, Monterey, California

Objectives and Priorities of the EU in Transatlantic Relations 125 Senator Jean Francois Poncet President, Senate Commission on Economic Affairs and Planning Paris, France

Domestic and International Economic Policy Convergence 137 Ambassador John Weekes Permanent Representative of Canada to the United Nations and Other International Organizations at Geneva, Switzerland

The European Geo-Strategic Plan and the American Partnership 143 Yves Boyer Deputy Director, Foundation for Strategic Research Paris, France

SECTION III: GLOBALIZATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Introduction 151 Charles F. Bonser viii Security, Trade, and Environmental Policy

Globalization and Sustainable Development— Toward a Transatlantic Agenda 161 Nigel Roome Professor of Environmental Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Globalization and the Environment: The Limits of the Law 187 Jeffrey L. Dunoff, Associate Professor of Law Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Jurisprudence in the GATT and the Environment Debate 201 Kilian Delbriick Federal Ministry for the Environment Berlin, Germany

Voluntary Environmental Management Systems and Regulatory Relief 207 Eberhard Bohne Professor, Speyer National School of Administrative Sciences Speyer, Germany

Voluntary Environmental Management Systems in the French Context 219 Marc Aviam, Ministry of the Environment Paris, France

ISO 14001: Real World Implementation and Status 225 Randy Dougherty Vice President, NSF International Ann Arbor, Michigan

The Effectiveness of Instruments for Environmental Policies in the Industry: Regulating Packaging Waste 233 Arthur Ringeling, Professor Monique Hozee, Research Associate Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Voluntary Approaches to Environmental Protection 259 Thomas P. Lyon, Associate Professor John Maxwell,Assistant Professor Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Bloomington CONTENTS ix

Companies Perception of Environmental Issues 267 Stefania Borghini Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Milan, Italy

Pollution Havens and Industrial Flight: Weighing the Evidence 271 Matthew Auer Associate Professor, School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana University, Bloomington

Pollution Havens: A Korean Case Study 211 Roy Shin Professor, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington

A German Perspective on Globalization and Pollution Havens 283 Wolfgang Hass Ministry of Economics Berlin, Germany

Overcoming U.S./EU Obstacles to Trade/Environmental Cooperation 287 Montserrat Cuchillo Professor, University Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain

U.S./European Environmental Cooperation 291 Hilary French Worldwatch Institute Washington, D.C.