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Appendix 5-Guidelines for Entering Lechuguilla 549 Appendix 5

Guidelines for Entering Appendix E in the 1995 Cave and Management Plan for Carlsbad Caverns National Park,

Guidelines For Entering Lechuguilla Cave The reason behind developing guidelines for entering Lechuguilla Cave is to allow limited access for scientific research, survey when in association with exploration, and NPS management related trips while impacting the cave as little as possible. Of primary importance are the (I) impacts to the cave and (2) the safety of all who enter.

BEFORE ENTERING THE CAVE Everyone must sign a permit. Expedition leaders are ultimately responsible for the personnel on their expedition. Expedition leaders should do their best to recruit cavers who are willing to follow the guidelines that have been established. Before assigning anyone to the Far East, an Expedition leader should be reasonably sure that individual is fully prepared for such a trip. Every team entering the cave will have one designated team leader. Team leaders have tremendous responsibilities. They are responsible for the safety of their team and for the actions of their team members. Ifa team member is acting in an unsafe manner or not being careful and actually causing more damage to the cave. then it is the team leader's responsibility to correct that person's actions. If problems persist. then the team leader must abort the trip and have the team leave the cave. A team leader should gear team activities to the least experienced member of the team. This pertains to speed of travel as as climbing leads. A team should also stay together unless an emergency requires ditTerent actions. Everyone entering the cave is responsible for their actions while in the cave. They are also responsible for reporting to the team leader acts by other team members that are unsafe or damaging to the cave. The overall goal is to allow limited access to the cave while minimizing all impacts. It is.everyone's responsibility to assure that Lechuguilla Cave remains as pristine as possible and that each team member is very safety aware while in the cave. Clothing, boots, and gear should be clean before entering the cave to minimize the introduction of foreign bacteria, molds, and fungus into this unique ecosystem. Boots must have n01Hnarking soles. If you are in doubt, scrape boot over white floor or rocks. Marking boots will definitely leave marks. Using a frame pack in the cave can be a problem and a major nui- sance. It is recommended that these NOT be used. Electric lights are a must. No carbide lights or open-name lights will be allowed in Lechuguilla. One of the reasons for this is safety, because of the flammability of the massive sulfur deposits found in the cave. The use of gloves is recommended; however, there are numerous areas 550 and Restoration

in the cave that are signed "Gloves Off'. Gloves get very dirty, particularly in the corrosion residue areas. This corrosion residue must not be smeared over clean or delicate areas. Everyone entering the cave must have experience in vertical and be proficient in all aspects of single rope techniques. Rebelay anchors may be encountered in different sections of the cave. The entrance to Lechuguilla Cave is at an clevation of about 4,640 feet. Cavers not used to this elevation should try to spend a couple of days at this elevation before entering the cave. The cave is warm and humid at 68 degrees fahrenheit. Heat exhaustion and dehydration can be a serious problem. Drink lots of water even if you are not thirsty and eat something every few hours. Those entering the cave for the first time are urged to talk to others concerning clothing to be worn. Everyone should be aware that Histoplasmosis has been found in the entrance chamber. Any accident of a serious nature should be reported to park service personnel as soon as possible. An incident report must befilled out for any accident that may happen in the cave. Any team entering the cave is required to fill out a trip report form and return it to our Cave Resources Office within two weeks. The report should include the date, personnel, places visited, and work accom- plished including specifics such as types of information or samples collected. If survey was the objective, list the station numbers that were set. Ifinventory was the objective, list the station numbers that were inventoried . •' All teams entering Lechuguilla Cave must make the Cave Resources Office aware of their "out" time. Any team 6 hours late or later will have search crews initiated. In the case of multi-trip expeditions, expedition leaders should post sign-in, sign-out sheets for all trips into the cave. DO NOT BE LATE!

WHEN TRAVELING THROUGH THE CAVE All teams must have a minimum of 3 people. Survey and exploration teams can have no more than 4 members on a team unless given specific permission by the Cave Specialist. Science and management related teams must be limited to no more than 6 members. All Solid Wastes Must Be Carried Qut of the Cave Without Exceptioll. Trips of2-day duration or less must carry out all liquid waste as well. On longer trips, everyone is encouraged to carry out all liquid wastes. Any excess liquid \vaste may be dumped in designated sites near the camps. Liquid waste may not be deposited anywhere else in the cave. Be sure to take enough containers to hold all liquid wastes. Burrito bags may not be leji along the trail to be picked up on the way out. Cany these items to your camp and then remove from the cave. No tobacco products are allowed in the cave and no smoking of tobacco or other products in the cave. No consumption of alcohol. Safety lines are located throughout the cave as an aid to crossing traverses. Everyone must clip into all traverse lines. There have been several accidents directly due to failure to clip into the safety lines provided. Everyone entering the cave is responsible for the care and protection of all ropes and the subsequent rigging that is utilized. Wear spots or other problems should be brought to the attention of the trip leader, who should fix the problem immediately, ifneeessary, or notify the Cave Resource Office of the concern. Ropes should not be re-rigged without permission from the Cave Resource Office unless an immedi- ate threat is perceived. Please notify the Cave Resource Office of any changes or potential problems noticed. If possible, leave a note for Appendix 5-Guidelines for Entering Lechuguilla Cave 551

other expedition members explaining the change in rigging and why it was necessary. When traveling through the cave, stay on established trails. If trails are hard to see, either re-flag them immediately or notify the Cave Resource Ollice so that we will know of the problem. Flagging use in the cave in the past has been as follows: Bright Orange, for marking the trail; White with Red Stripes, denotes sensitive areas such as crust, aragonite, etc.; Blue, utilized for survey stations; and White with Blue Stripes, indicates a lead. When flagging the trail, use plenty of flagging tape and flag both sides. This helps keep the trail as narrow as possible. Of primary importance is the preservation of all the resources in the cave. Everyone is cautioned to be very careful. Carelessness and disregard for the resources has already done damage in the cave and will not be tolerated. Intentional damage to make it easier to move through certain areas will be treated as serious violations and will be prosecuted. Everyone entering must do their utmost to preserve cave features. The Pearlsian Gulfin the Southwest Branch has already had mud introduced into a number of the cave pearls, as has the pool near them in several places. This is a direct result of carelessness and disregard for that resource. Persons displaying this attitude will be denied access to the cave. Continued occurrences will render that area ofT limits to everyone. No cave material (minerals, , bones, etc.) may be removed from the cave without a valid, existing scientific collecting permit. Collecting for someone else who has a valid collecting pennit requires written authorization from the permit holder and from the Cave Specialist. No digging, blasting, hammering, or breaking of fonnations, rocks, etc. may be performed without prior permission from the Cave Specialist. Aqua socks or other clean, non-marking shoes must be worn when crossing flowstonc areas. Wearing boots or walking barefoot across these areas is not allowed. Do not establish a new trail in any area that has a trail. This creates two impacted areas. The Deep Seas Camp, in particular, continues to have problems in this regard. Stop making new trails for convenience. Use existing trails only. Please take a couple of minutes to read and record evaporimeter levels, thermometer readings (if it hasn't been done in a day or two), and other science-related instruments. If you do not knbw or under- stand the instruments, then please leave them alone. Leave all data- loggers (enclosed in water-proof cases) and their instrumentation alone. Please do not open cases. This allows more moisture into the instrumentation and is ultimately very costly. There will be no wading or swimming in pools to reach cave passages or leads without prior consent of the Cave Specialist. This includes the Lake Castro\'alva area. Pools in newly discovered areas must remain pristine for on-going microbiological research. Any contamination may compromise undiscovered microbes.

CLIMBING There are numerous climbs in the cave. Many have been done and some have not. Those wishing to do climbs should clear suggested climbs with the Cave Specialist before attempting any climb. The use of bolts, while not strictly prohibited, should be used sparingly. Any bolt that will not be used after an initial climb must be removed 552 Cave Conservation and Restoration

and the hole covered. Any bolt or hanger that is to be left in place must be made from austenitic stainless steel. All climbs must be surveyed. When a climb is completed. all ropes should be derigged and a note on nagging tape should be left stating that the climb has been completed and does not go. Ice crampons and other technological implements must be approved by the Cave Specialist before attempting their use in the cave.

RESOURCE PROTECTION ZONES • The following areas, due to their sensitive nature or on-going scientific research, arc off-limits to all entering Lechuguilla Cave unless you have a valid rcason to visit this area and you have prior permission from the Cave Specialist. • Ongoing microbe research areas have been flagged ofT. You are cau- tioned not to go bcyond that point. These areas are found throughout the cave. Please do not visit or disturb these areas:

Entrance To EF Junction 1'001 in Sugarlands - This pool is well-marked.

Western Branch I'ink Dot Pool - Bio-hazard pool. Do not drink the water from here. Part of the Blanca Navidad Room. The off-limits area is well-marked. Also, all pools in the room should be left alone. Drinking water may not be obtained from any of these pools. This pristine room may hold microbes suitable for cancer research.

Pcllucidar/Barsoom Areas - Very fragile area, very unique subaqueous helectites found here. Anyone climbing into the Barsoom area above threatens the helectites.

Hudson Bay - Very fragile area, also one where unique microorganisms have been found. Recommended as a "Microbial Preserve."

Red Lakes Passage - Very fragile with soda straws dipping down to lakc level. No attempt should be made to obtain water from this pool.

Oasis Pool - This area is being studied for its microbe population and may be removed from this list once the study is complete.

Chocolate Lake in the Chocolate Factory - Another microbe study pool.

Little Lake of the Clouds - Microbe study in progress. Anyone entering should wear aqua-socks and clean clothes.

Southweslern Branch Dilithium Crystal Pool - Unique, very fragile pool with selenite crystals growing underwater. This is a very rare occurrence. Cave of the Swords in Chihuahua, Mexico has thousands of selenite crystals that evidently grew in an underwater environment.

YO Acres - Located beyond the Pearlsian Gulf and contains largc amounts of corrosion residues. Special care must be taken to avoid contamination of the Pearlsian Gulf area.

Temple of Dagon - Located above the Pearls ian Gulf and has the potential Appendix 5-Guidelines for Entering Lechuguilla Cave 553 for knocking debris into the pearl areas.

Lake Castrovalva - Very fragile, unique area. No one may swim in or entcr the inner pool, not even for photographs.

Void Sulfur Area - Unique, very fragile geological and microbiological resource.

Darktown - Very long, very fragile gypsum hairs hang in this room. They are hard to see and easy to destroy.

Ultra Primo - This is a very heavily decorated, sensitive area.

Lcchy's Lair - This is a very heavily decorated, fragile area.

Vesuvius - This is also a very heavily decorated, sensitive area.

Sulfur Shores - Rare and fragile folia are found in this area.

Tower Place (Pool ncar Dark Star) - Microbial research continues in this pool. It is well marked. No one should venture near it.

Western Side of the Sewing Room - Extremely fragile gypsum needles found here.

Eastern Branch Ghust Town - (I) Sulfur area in small passage off the NE portion of the room is fragile as well as scientifically interesting. (2) Balcony overlooking the room is very fragile. Damage will occur by anyone going there.

Ghoslhusters flail - Contains large sulfur deposits.

Bryce Canyon - Contains fragile and delicate rillenkarren. Also a spectacu- lar aragonite bush is in danger each time someone enters the area.

Boundary Waters - This is the upstream source for the Lost Pecos River drinking water. Also very delicate and fragile area.

H Survey - Very delicate, very fragile. Damage occurs anytime anyone goes through this area.

Happy Huntin~ Grounds - Requires a wade through water and is fragile.

Lake of the White Roses - Rare and fragile folia in a one-hundred foot vertical area.

Burning Lakes - A pristine area with pools discovered in 1993 and awaiting microbial studies. Once this study is completed this area may be taken off this lis!.

Quasimoto's Lair - This is a very fragile, decorated area.

Stud Lake - Closed for microbe studies.

SPECIAL ATTENTION AREAS The following areas, though not strictly ofl' limits, require special precautions when entering them. If these precautions are not followed and unacceptable damage occurs, then they will be moved into a Re- 554 Cave Conservation and Restoration

source Protection Zone. Anyone entering the following areas should wear very clean aqua socks or equivalent shoes and clean clothes. Anything carried into these areas should be clean also. General clothes that have been used for caving SHOULD NOT be worn into these areas. Dust, corrosion residues, mud, and other items of debris collected on caving clothes tend to drop off and spoil these pristine areas. Anyone entering these areas should make every elTort to keep them pristine. The Pearlsian Gulfhas already seen the unacceptable consequences of mud introduced into the areas. This must not happen again.

Entrance To EF Junction - Slow Down! Especially in the Rim City area.

Southwest Branch - Pearlsian Gulf, Tower Place (except for area men- tioned in the Resource Protection Zone), Underground Atlanta

Eastern Branch - Firefall Hall

All areas of the cave should be traveled through carefully. However, EXTREME CAUTION should be exercised when moving through the Land of the Lost. Move at a very slow, careful pace, being aware of the gypsum hairs, threads, and beards in the area. Also, when moving through the China Shop, camp packs should be removed and passed carefully through the aragonite bushes.

CAMPING AND RESTING Camping is allowed only in designated camps. No bivouacking is allowed without pennission of the Cave Specialist. Teams entering the cave should inform the Cave Resource Office where they plan on camping. Designated camps and maximum numbers allowed at those camps are as follows:

Eastern Branch Grand Guadalupe Junction - 12 Rusticles - 6 Ghosllown - 6

South\\'cstern Branch Chandelier Camp - 8 High Hopes Camp - 6 Big Sky - 6

Western Branch Dccp Seas - 12

Every team is required to leave a note in a prominent place in camp with the following information on it: what day it is, who is on the team, and where in the cave you expect to be. Water should bc collected from designated pools utilizing the pitchers that have been placed there. Under no circumstances should anyone place their canteen, hands, or any other object into the pool itself. Water should not be withdrawn from any pool containing subaqueous helictites or from the Dilithium Crystal Pool in the Southwestern ilranch of the cave. It should also not be withdrawn from the Red Lakes Room pool due to the sensitive nature of the soda straws that touch the water1s surface. Water should also not be taken from thc Pink Dot Pool in the Western Branch of the cave. Appendix 5-Guidelines for Entering Lechuguilla Cave 555

Small stoves may be used in camp areas only. Propane is the preferred fuel. Stoves may be used in other areas with the permission of the Cave Specialist. No caches of food, waler or other items are allowed in the cave. When eating (either traveling through the cave or at camp) or preparing food, great care should be taken to not drop any crumbs or food particles in the cave. Eating should take place over a plastic sheet or other catchment type material. Toothpaste and other materials should not be drained into the cave. Rinsing ofTand allowing contaminated water to drain into the cave is not acceptable. Moist towelettes that can be removed from the cave is the only option for bathing.

UNEXPLORED AREAS AND SURVEYING Exploration in Lechuguilla Cave may not occur without surveying what you see. Survey as you go. Exploration Without Surveying Is Strictly Prohibited. Violators will be denied future access to the Lechuguilla Cave. Standards listed in the NPS flyer titled "Cave Survey Standards for Carlsbad Caverns National Park" must be adhered to when surveying. Discovery teams may name new areas, but names deemed inappropriate or distasteful. or named after living people will not be accepted. When moving into unexplored areas, trails should be established that minimize the damage to the cave. Persons running lead tape position should carefully evaluate the passage and choose the path that will do the least damage to the cave. Trails should be flagged immediately, so that those who will follow will not have a choice as to where to walk and will have to stay on the established trail.

"IN EXTREMELY SENSITIVE AREAS, such as where aragonite bushes block the path (like the China Shop), or other noteworthy speleothems deter progress, stop and do not proceed. Notify the Cave Resource Oftlce. The will make a decision of this magnitude. 556 Cave Conservation and Restoration